Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Consolidation”
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1
Staničić, Frane. "Land Consolidation in Croatia". Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Law = Agrár- és Környezetjog 17, nr 32 (28.05.2022): 112–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21029/jael.2022.32.112.
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Land consolidation is a very important instrument in agricultural planning and in making agricultural policies. It has a very long history in Croatia, dating to 18th century. However, it was formally made into legislation in the late 19th century. From then onward, it was rather widely used as a tool for consolidating fragmented pieces of agricultural land. After the independence in 1991, Croatia changed its constitutional and political setup in a manner which made further use of the existing law on land consolidation from 1979 impossible. However, the law stayed in force until the new law entered into force in 2015. Consequently, the institute of land consolidation was legally regulated the entire time, but the law was not applicable. Therefore, no land consolidations were made after 1991. Furthermore, last initiated land consolidation dated from 1989 and it was not, formally finished as the bodies which conducted land consolidations were abolished and new ones were never created. This is why the Constitutional Court had to react and this reaction brought the new law concerning land consolidation in 2015. However, from 2015 until now, no land consolidations were conducted or even initiated under the new law. In 2021, the Government started drafting the new law on land consolidation.
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Laskar, Arpan, i Sujit Kumar Pal. "Investigation of the Effects of Anisotropic Flow of Pore Water and Multilayered Soils on Three-Dimensional Consolidation Characteristics". Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8568953.
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Many practical engineering problems are seriously different from the assumptions which are considered for one-dimensional consolidation test and need to concentrate on three-dimensional consolidation of soil under different boundary conditions. In this study three-dimensional consolidation tests are performed with four different anisotropic flow conditions of pore water and fifteen different combinations of horizontal layered soils. Twelve different three-dimensional consolidation tests are also performed with different soils, surrounded by anisotropic vertical soil layers on two opposite sides. From these studies, it is observed that the anisotropic flow of pore water does not have any effect on initial and final surface settlement of soil but has a significant effect during the consolidation process. The anisotropic flow of pore water during the consolidation process has an immense effect on the coefficient of consolidation. Horizontal layered soil has a great effect on both surface settlement and the rate of settlement. Vertical soil layers on two opposite sides of consolidative soil have an immense effect on the horizontal movements of consolidating soil, finally affecting the resultant vertical settlement of soil. Vertical anisotropic surrounding soil layers also have an effect on the rate of consolidation settlement.
3
Li, Jinhua, Songwei Zhao, Xiong Wang, Jiaqi Hao, Bin Zhi, Hui Zhang i Botuan Deng. "Experimental Study on Consolidation Characteristics of Compacted Loess". Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (5.06.2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6687858.
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The prediction of foundation settlement is an important topic in loess filling engineering. Based on a filled foundation in Yan’an, China, this study explores the consolidation characteristics of compacted loess with different compaction energy and consolidation pressure through consolidation tests, analyzes the strain-time curve and refines the curve within 2 h, separates the primary and secondary consolidations, and obtains the critical time point between the primary and secondary consolidations. Deformation rate S t ′ and cumulative deformation St were introduced to analyze the S t ′ − St curve at the secondary consolidation stage; the secondary consolidation coefficient was employed to describe the secondary consolidation characteristics of compacted loess. According to the secondary consolidation characteristics, a prediction model of loess settlement considering different compaction energy and fill thickness was proposed, and the applicability of the model was further analyzed. The model will facilitate in guiding the design and construction of loess filling engineering.
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Taylor, Charles D., Dagney Faulk i Pamela Schaal. "Remaking Local Government: Success and Failure Under Indiana’s Government Modernization Act". Journal of Public and Nonprofit Affairs 3, nr 2 (31.07.2017): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.20899/jpna.3.2.155-175.
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During the period of 2008 to 2012, four consolidation attempts occurred under Indiana’s Government Modernization Act: two proposing city–county consolidation and two proposing town–township consolidation. The town–township mergers received overwhelming support, with more than 70% of voters approving consolidation in each case. The city–county mergers, on the other hand, were each defeated by a margin of approximately two to one. In this paper, we conduct a comparative case study of the four consolidation proposals using Leland and Thurmaier’s (2004) C3 model as an analytical framework. The results of our study indicate that greater demographic diversity and the potential for large cost shifts from urban to rural customers stimulated opposition to the city–county consolidations. The successful town–township consolidations were characterized by more homogeneous populations and modest and predictable fiscal impacts. We find no evidence that pre-existing functional consolidation or strong elite advocacy on behalf of consolidation leads to greater support for the referendum.
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Kuzminykh, Konstantin Alexandrovich, i Guzel Garifullovna Mukhamatova. "Innovative approach of consolidation of business, education and science to improve public catering of the Republic of Bashkortostan". E3S Web of Conferences 208 (2020): 09029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020809029.
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This article discusses the problems and prospects of introducing innovative methods of consolidating the restaurant business, educational institutions in the field of restaurant service and current scientific research in order to improve the work of catering establishments in the Republic of Bashkortostan and achieve maximum convenience and speed in training staff. The article analyzes the problems, because of which such consolidations were not previously sufficiently popular and effective, argues the importance and need of modern Internet technologies and gadgets in creating such consolidations, and proves the effectiveness of online consolidations before similar offline options. Using a study and analysis of various instant messengers, their advantages anddisadvantages *were identified, and a messenger was selected through which consolidation data will be organized in the most practical and accessible way. According to the results of the analysis, it turned out that the most effective and highly functional messenger for this kind of consolidation is Telegram, which is several fundamentally important points ahead of all its competitors. The article also discussed in detail the model of interaction between representatives of education and science on the one hand and business on the other. All formats and types of such cooperation are described.
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Muchová, Zlatica, Mária Leitmanová, Jaroslav Bažík, Ľubomír Konc, Karol Šinka i František Petrovič. "Land Consolidations in Slovakia, Step Forward, Two Steps Back?" Ekológia (Bratislava) 34, nr 4 (1.12.2015): 380–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eko-2015-0034.
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Abstract This article describes the process of land consolidations in Slovakia. Fundamental goals of land consolidation are defined in the paper. Land ownership is briefly described with emphasis on historical development. Functional reorganisation of the territory is described in detail. The authors state that this objective is in land consolidation designs, often neglected and landscaping is shifted into the background. Preference is given to activities associated with ownership as evidenced by the common tendency to award contracts for simple land consolidation. The numbers of awarded contracts for comprehensive and simple landscape consolidations from 1990 to the present were evaluated. Reasons for the observed stagnation of comprehensive land consolidation projects have been mentioned. Causes have been found and the problem was displayed from various positions. Finally, possible solutions have been found in order to stimulate discussion on the topic: why there is stagnation in designing of land consolidations in Slovakia.
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Murphy, Elizabeth A., i Mark A. McCarthy. "Teaching Consolidations Accounting: An Approach To Easing The Challenge". American Journal of Business Education (AJBE) 3, nr 11 (1.11.2010): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/ajbe.v3i11.68.
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Teaching and learning accounting for consolidations is a challenging endeavor. Students not only need to understand the conceptual underpinnings of the accounting requirements for consolidations, but also must master the complex accounting needed to prepare consolidated financial statements. To add to the challenge, the consolidation process is dependent on how the parent company accounts for the investment on its parent company ledgers. Parent company ledgers either use the cost method or some variation of the equity method to account for investments to be consolidated. The variety in those accounting approaches used by parent companies is comparable to the variety of approaches to teach consolidations that are presented in advanced accounting textbooks, as documented by Luehlfing (1995). Luehlfing outlines the parent company accounting methods that are presumed to be used to teach consolidation accounting in each of the existing U.S. advanced accounting texts, noting that authors promote one method over others. Luehlfing suggests that students should be provided with a comparison of the parent company entries under the cost method and each adaptation of the equity method so that they can obtain a better understanding of the differences in the consolidation worksheet elimination/reclassification entries. Rather than having students learn different consolidation worksheet entries as a result of different recording methods used by the parent for an investment requiring consolidation, an approach can be adopted so that students only need to learn one set of consolidation worksheet entries to develop consolidated financial statements. In addition, a method of analyzing the parent’s investment account can be used to not only help understand the conceptual issues associated with consolidation accounting, but also greatly facilitate the mechanics of preparing the consolidation worksheet entries.
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Rumagit, Joni, i Idham Idham. "Analisis Yuridis Konsolidasi Tanah". ARBITER: Jurnal Ilmiah Magister Hukum 3, nr 1 (16.12.2021): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/arbiter.v3i1.652.
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The legal basis for land consolidation in the context of improving the quality of the resedential environtment is based on the nationally regulated lawas and regulations, including Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Costitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Articles 2, 6, 12, 14 of the UUPA, law No. 1 of 2011 concerning Housing and Settlements, Law No. 32 of 2009 concering Environmental Protection and Management, Law No. 26 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning and the Head of the National Land Agency issued Regulation of the Head of The National Land Agency Number 4 of 1991 concerning Land Consolidation. The supporting factors for land consolidations in order to improve the quality of residential environtment are the Collaboration between Land Office and several related agencies in the land consolidation. While the inhibiting factor for soil consolidation in order to improve the quality of the residential environtment is the lack of knowlage of land consolidation participants regarding land consolidations.
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Okazaki, Tetsuji, i Michiru Sawada. "Effects of a bank consolidation promotion policy: evaluating the 1927 Bank Law in Japan". Financial History Review 14, nr 1 (kwiecień 2007): 29–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0968565007000352.
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This article investigates the impact of bank consolidations promoted by government policy, using data from pre-war Japan when the Ministry of Finance promoted bank consolidations through the Bank Law of 1927. We argue that policy-promoted consolidation had a positive effect on deposit growth, especially in the period when the financial system was unstable. On the other hand, it had a negative effect on profitability, particularly when there was no dominant bank among the participants or when more than two banks participated in the consolidation. Policy-promoted consolidation in such cases was likely to be accompanied by large organisational cost.
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Beetsma, Roel, Jacopo Cimadomo, Oana Furtuna i Massimo Giuliodori. "The confidence effects of fiscal consolidations". Economic Policy 30, nr 83 (1.07.2015): 439–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/epolic/eiv007.
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Abstract We explore how fiscal consolidations affect private sector confidence, a possible channel for the transmission of fiscal policy that has received particular attention recently as a result of governments embarking on austerity trajectories in the aftermath of the crisis. Panel regressions based on the annual action-based datasets of Devries et al. (2011) and Alesina et al. (2014a) show that consolidations, and in particular their unanticipated components, affect confidence negatively. To obtain a more accurate picture of how consolidations affect confidence, we construct a monthly dataset of consolidation announcements, so that we can investigate the confidence effects in real time using an event study. The results suggest that consumer confidence falls around announcements of consolidation measures, an effect likely driven by revenue-based measures. Moreover, these effects are highly relevant for European countries with weak institutional arrangements, as measured by the tightness of fiscal rules or budgetary transparency. The effects on producer confidence are generally similar, but weaker than for consumer confidence. Long-term interest rates, as a measure of confidence in the sovereign, tend to fall around spending-based consolidation announcements. We have no evidence that the confidence effects of consolidation announcements are worse in slumps than in booms. Generally, strengthening institutional arrangements may help in mitigating adverse confidence effects of consolidations.
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Yi, Wu, Bing Jiang i Bin Jia. "The Experimental Study on Consolidation of Acrylic Non-Aqueous Dispersion for Kiln Qionglai Monuments in Chengdu, China". Advanced Materials Research 689 (maj 2013): 368–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.689.368.
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It is difficult to preserve earth monument in wet area. To solve this problem, a Chinese scholar, professor Zhou Shuanglin, developed a consolidation agent named acrylic non-aqueous dispersion. But the study on this consolidation agent is still in its initial stage, most of its experimental researches are limited to northwest china and no research reports aimed at southwest China wet area were found so far. To check out the efficiency of this consolidation agent in wet area, southwest China, a consolidating experiment was conducted by applying this consolidation agent to soil samples from kiln Qionglai earthen monuments located in outskirt of Chengdu city, the capital of Sichuan province. In this experiment, the changes of color, compressive strength and hydrolysis resistance of specimens after consolidating were investigated and compared with those for northwest area. The study shows that acrylic non-aqueous dispersion consolidation agent developed by professor Zhou Shuanglin is also effective to a certain degree for the earth monument in wet area, southwest China.
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Niederwieser, Dietger, Rainer Krahl, Christian Jakob, Thomas Heinicke, Christoph Kahl, Antje Schulze, Hans-Heinrich Wolf i in. "Increasing The Dose Of AraC In Consolidation Therapy Does Not Lead To Higher Overall Survival Or Improved Relapse Incidence In Patients With AML Over The Age Of 60 Years". Blood 122, nr 21 (15.11.2013): 2645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.2645.2645.
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Abstract The optimal consolidation chemotherapy in AML patients >60 years has yet to be defined in detail. Although age-adjusted induction chemotherapy results in CR rates comparable to those in younger patients, relapse remains the major hurdle to successful treatment. While the role of stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in elderly patients is currently being evaluated in randomized studies, we focus here on the intensity of consolidation chemotherapy. Patients data from the elderly AML trials OSHO 1997 (n=410) and OSHO 2004 (n=733) were pooled and analyzed. These protocols have identical inclusion/exclusion criteria and induction chemotherapy, but differ in the intensity of consolidation therapy. In the OSHO 1997 trial, Ara-C 120 mg/m2 bid was given from day 1-5 and mitoxantrone 10 mg/m2 from day 1-2 as consolidation. In the OSHO 2004 an intensified consolidation using Ara-C 500 mg/m2 bid on day 1/3/5 was applied together with mitoxantrone as used in the OSHO 1997 study. Of the 1143 patients, 689 entered CR (60% in the OSHO 1997 and 61% in the OSHO 2004) and 536 (OSHO 1997, n=242, OSHO 2004, n=294) did not receive HSCT as consolidation. The analysis concentrated on the dose of AraC used in the consolidation for this elderly population and on the cycles of consolidation applied. Patient characteristics were compared using chi-square test for categorical data and Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous data. OS was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and univariate comparisons were made by means of the log-rank test. Cox regression was used to find any association between consolidation chemotherapy considered as a time-dependent covariate on Overall Survival (OS) or Relapse Incidence (RI). RI and Non Relapse Mortality (NRM) were calculated using the competing risk method, and the Gray test was applied to compare differences. Multivariate modeling was performed by Cox regression analyses with a forward selection method. Median ages in the AML studies were 66 (60-81) years and 69 (60-85) years for the OSHO 1997 and OSHO 2004, respectively. Patients characteristics were balanced except for age and Karnofsky score (p< .0005) and a trend towards more intermediate and high risk karyotypes, more female and less WBC in the OSHO 2004 compared to the OSHO 1997 study (p=0.06). OS at 15 years was 14±2% in all patients with no difference between the two consolidations, but strong dependence on cytogenetic risk factors. In multivariate analyses risk factors for survival were high/intermediate risk karyotypes, male gender, non de-novo AML and less than two consolidations. Patients with two consolidations had better OS than patients with one or no consolidations in the pooled group and in each of the two protocols with no difference between OSHO 1997 and OSHO 2004. Relapse incidence amounted to 79±2% and NRM 10±04% at 15 years with no difference between the two protocols. Relapse incidence was dependent upon cytogenetic risk and the number of consolidations applied in a multivariate model. There were no risk factors predicting TRM in multivariate analysis. Our analysis of patient characteristics according to the number of consolidations showed the distribution of consolidation therapies to be 15.2%, 28.0%, 56.6% and 14.2%, 32.3% and 53.4% for 0, 1 and 2 consolidations in the OSHO 1997 and OSHO 2004 respectively (n.s.). Higher age, higher risk cytogenetics, non-de novo AML type, less CR after one induction cycle and lower WBC count at diagnosis were characteristic of patients receiving none or one as compared to two consolidation therapies. The multivariate analysis revealed cytogenetics and gender as independent risk factors, but not the application of one as opposed to two consolidation treatments. The increase of AraC dose in the OSHO 2004 was unable to either increase survival or improve relapse incidence in the cohort of elderly patients. TRM was not different between the OSHO 1997 and 2004 studies. However, the application of one or two consolidation cycles had a significant impact on survival that was not due to decreased relapse incidence after normalization for risk factors. Interestingly, just above 50% of patients received 2 consolidations as proposed in the protocol with no statistically significant difference between OSHO 1997 and OSHO 2004. Patients receiving fewer consolidation therapy cycles are older, have more non-de novo AML and lower WBC count. Disclosures: Hochhaus: Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Travel Other; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria; Ariad: Consultancy, Honoraria.
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Groeger, John A., i Derk-Jan Dijk. "Consolidating consolidation? Sleep stages, memory systems, and procedures". Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28, nr 1 (luty 2005): 73–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x05310028.
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We argue that by neglecting the fact that procedural memory may also have episodic qualities, and by considering only a systems approach to memory, Walker's account of consolidation of learning during subsequent sleep ignores alternative accounts of how sleep stages may be interdependent. We also question the proposition that sleep-based consolidation largely bypasses hippocampal structures.
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Kim, Daewook. "A Case Study of Regional Administrative Consolidation Policy: Focusing on administrative consolidation in Daegu and Gyeongbuk and administrative consolidation in Gwangju and Jeonnam". Korea Association of Local Administration 20, nr 1 (30.04.2023): 27–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32427/klar.2023.20.1.27.
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Recently, there have been nationwide discussions in Korea on regional administrative consolidation. This is in response to the urgent need for sustainable survival and growth of regions, as a result of regional extinction and concentration in metropolitan areas. This study conducted a case study on the Daegu-Gyeongbuk administrative consolidation and Gwangju-Jeonnam administrative consolidation, which were the most actively promoted among metropolitan administrative consolidations. The main findings of the study are as follows: In both regions, policies were promoted by a policy leader who was the head of a local government, and each promotion organization, research institution, and research alternative were prepared. However, at that level, Daegu-Gyeongbuk administrative consolidation, which started first, was more advanced than Gwangju-Jeonnam administrative consolidation. Additionally, it can be observed that while the Daegu-Gyeongbuk administrative consolidation led to a debate through the Public Debate Committee and a practical alternative, the Gwangju-Jeonnam administrative consolidation ended without entering the public debate stage.
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Singer, Lawrence E. "Considering the ACA's Impact on Hospital and Physician Consolidation". Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 46, nr 4 (2018): 913–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110518821989.
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The Affordable Care Act did not start the consolidation rapidly occurring with hospitals/health systems and medical groups, but it most definitely accelerated the movement to combine. In the last five years, the number and size of consolidations have been at an all-time high. This comment reviews the degree to which consolidation has occurred and explores the key reasons behind these consolidations. It then posits that consolidations should be evaluated in light of the Triple Aim goals of enhancing access to care, reducing cost, and strengthening quality, and looks at the evidence to date in light of these goals.
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Huang, Jiahe. "The role and mechanisms of sleep on memory consolidation". Advances in Education, Humanities and Social Science Research 8, nr 1 (6.12.2023): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aehssr.8.1.337.2023.
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In addition to its physiological functions, sleep also has a consolidating effect on memory, and current research has found sleep could promote the consolidation of declarative, procedural, and emotional memory. Possible mechanisms of sleep-enhanced memory include the the systemic consolidation theory, dual-process theory, the synaptic homeostasis theory, and the sequence hypothesis. In the future, more research need to examine the neural mechanisms of sleep-enhanced memory consolidation, and the use of simultaneous EEG-MRI will be a meaningful attempt to help us better understand the specific neural processes of sleep-enhanced memory consolidation.
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Wu, Yi. "The Experimental Study on Consolidation of RTV for Wet-Area Earthen Ruins in Southwest China". Applied Mechanics and Materials 457-458 (październik 2013): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.457-458.32.
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It is a worldwide difficulty to preserve earth monument in wet area. To solve this problem, Physical Chemistry Institute of Zhejiang University in China developed a consolidation agent named RTV (organopolysiloxanes+tetraethylorthosilicate). But the study on this consolidation agent is still in its initial stage at present for most of its experimental researches are limited to east china and no research reports aimed at wet area in southwest China were found so far. To check out the efficiency of this consolidation agent for earth in wet area, southwest China, a consolidating experiment was conducted by applying this consolidation agent to soil samples from kiln Qionglai earthen monuments located in outskirt of Chengdu city, the capital of Sichuan province. In this experiment, the changes of weight, permeating speed and depth and compressive strength of specimens after consolidating were investigated and compared with those for northwest area. The study shows that RTV consolidation agent developed by Physical Chemistry Institute of Zhejiang University is also effective to a certain degree for the earth monument in wet area, southwest China.
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Prokicì, Dina D. "SIAC Proposal on Cross-Institution Consolidation Protocol: Can It Be Transplanted into Investment Arbitration?" Journal of International Arbitration 36, Issue 2 (1.04.2019): 171–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2019008.
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Investment arbitration has been increasingly criticized as being, among other things, slow, cumbersome and unpredictable, in light of contradictory awards arising from similar factual situations. Recent renewable energy proceedings against Spain, Italy and the Czech Republic have prompted the author to revisit the idea of creating a consolidation facility in order to address some of these short-comings. Unlike earlier attempts, however, which focused on the possibility of consolidating disputes that are conducted under one set of procedural rules, the author, inspired by the recent Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC) Proposal on Cross-Institution Consolidation Protocol, explores the possibility of consolidating disputes that are conducted under different rules. After analysing SIAC’s Proposal, the author assesses the need for a similar instrument in the realm of investment arbitration. The article subsequently discusses existing consolidation mechanisms of NAFTA, certain BITs and newer trade agreements (CETA, TTIP and the EU-Singapore Investment Protection Agreement). The author then considers different aspects of this new consolidation facility. The article concludes with a brief overview of potential hurdles that this consolidation facility might face on route to acceptance.
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Wang, Jun, Yuanqiang Cai, Guohui Yuan, Hongtao Fu, Wentao Sun, Xiuqing Hu, Peng Wang i Junfeng Ni. "Temperature effects on dredged slurry performance under vacuum preloading". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 57, nr 12 (grudzień 2020): 1970–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2019-0272.
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Under appropriate temperature conditions, vacuum preloading can effectively accelerate the rate of soil consolidation. If the temperature is low (30 °C), vacuum preloading is less effective at consolidating the soil. If temperature is extremely high, vacuum preloading is less efficient at consolidating the soil due to the consummation of excess energy consumed. In this study, a series of laboratory tests was conducted to analyse the effects that temperature has on dredged slurry consolidation via vacuum pressure using constant and variable heating modes. During these tests, heat transfer, water discharge, surface settlement, and pore-water pressure dissipation were observed in the soil samples. Based on the laboratory test measurements, each soil sample’s horizontal coefficient of consolidation, water content, and shear strength were determined. To quantify the energy consumption of the different heating modes, the ratios of energy consumption as a function of the soil’s total water discharge and mean shear strength were determined. Using these parameters, an optimal soil consolidation temperature was obtained. The results indicated that vacuum preloading was most effective in consolidating the soil under a constant temperature of 75 °C rather than variable temperatures.
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Yi, Wu. "The Experimental Study on Consolidating Effect of Acrylic Non-Aqueous Dispersion for Earthen Ruins in Southwest China’s Moist Areas". Applied Mechanics and Materials 318 (maj 2013): 360–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.318.360.
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It is a worldwide difficulty to preserve earth monument in wet area. To solve this problem, professor Zhou Shuanglin, an expert of earth monument preserving with College of Archaeology and Museum, Peking University, developed a consolidation agent named acrylic non-aqueous dispersion. But the study on this consolidation agent is still in its initial stage at present for most of its experimental researches are limited to northwest china and no research reports aimed at wet area in southwest China were found so far. To check out the efficiency of this consolidation agent in wet area, southwest China, a consolidating experiment was conducted by applying this consolidation agent to soil samples from kiln Qionglai earthen monuments located in outskirt of Chengdu city, the capital of Sichuan province. In this experiment, seeping speed, the changes of compressive strength and short-term water resistance of specimens after consolidating were investigated and compared with those for northwest area. The study shows that acrylic non-aqueous dispersion consolidation agent developed by professor Zhou Shuanglin is also effective to a certain degree for the earth monument in wet area, southwest China.
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Wu, Yi. "The Experimental Study on Consolidation of Acrylic Non-Aqueous Dispersion for Wet-Area Earthen Ruins in Southwest China". Key Engineering Materials 575-576 (wrzesień 2013): 327–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.575-576.327.
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It is a worldwide difficulty to preserve earth monument in wet area. To solve this problem, professor Zhou Shuanglin, an expert of earth monument preserving with College of Archaeology and Museum, Peking University, developed a consolidation agent named acrylic non-aqueous dispersion. But the study on this consolidation agent is still in its initial stage at present for most of its experimental researches are limited to northwest china and no research reports aimed at wet area in southwest China were found so far. To check out the efficiency of this consolidation agent in wet area, southwest China, a consolidating experiment was conducted by applying this consolidation agent to soil samples from kiln Qionglai earthen monuments located in outskirt of Chengdu city, the capital of Sichuan province. In this experiment, the changes of weight, permeating speed and short-term water resistance of specimens after consolidating were investigated and compared with those for northwest area. The study shows that acrylic non-aqueous dispersion consolidation agent developed by professor Zhou Shuanglin is also effective to a certain degree for the earth monument in wet area, southwest China.
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Lodge, David, i Marta Rodriguez-Vives. "How long can austerity persist? The factors that sustain fiscal consolidations". European Journal of Government and Economics 2, nr 1 (29.06.2013): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/ejge.2013.2.1.4284.
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To put public debt on a sustainable path, many governments face the task of enacting large fiscal consolidation followed by years of sustained primary surpluses. By estimating hazard functions for the duration of consolidations, we analyse the features of past consolidation efforts across a panel of advanced economies. Our contribution is to identify the factors that help to start and sustain consolidations, separately discussing governments’ “commitment” to the cause as well as their “capacity” for action. Our analysis suggests that longer consolidations are initiated when public debt is high, fiscal deficits are large, the interest burden heavy and long-term sovereign bond yields elevated. However, we also find that a countries’ “capacity” to change course is important. Higher initial private sector savings, a stronger external balance, a competitive position and stable financial conditions appear to provide more scope for governments to sustain longer-lasting consolidations. Once we have controlled for the initial macroeconomic conditions, there is a lesser role for governments’ commitment as reflected in factors such as the composition and the pace of the fiscal adjustment or the political cycle in explaining the duration of consolidation. However, commitment to permanent, rather than temporary, fiscal adjustment is key.
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Yin, Tie Feng. "Theoretical and Experimental Studies on Thermal Consolidations Characteristics of Ningbo Soft Clay". Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (styczeń 2014): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.141.
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When considering the effect of temperature, consolidation deformation of the soil is a complex multi-physics coupling problem. For soil of different regions, the influence of temperature on soil physical properties vary widely, even presents the opposite result. In order to realize the thermal consolidations characteristics of Ningbo soft clay, this paper selected Ningbo soft clay and done consolidation test with temperature controlled under different temperatures and confining pressures. Combined with the analysis of theory, this paper carried out the reasonable explanation to the experimenting phenomenon. The results show that: temperature increase the penetration rate of the soil by changing the coefficient of the water, thereby accelerating the consolidation process. The degree of consolidation increases with increasing temperature. In the same conditions and time, the higher the degree of consolidation of soil with increasing temperature, and the difference of the degree of consolidation increases with the increase of the difference in temperature. The difference of the degree of consolidation under different temperature increases with time showing a rapid increase in the extreme values first, and then gradually reduced to zero. Therefore, effect of temperature is mainly reflected in the drainage consolidation process less than half the period of time before, and the greater the temperature difference, the impact effect is more obvious.
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Chowdhury, Chotan. "Prediction of Highway Embankment Settlement on Clays by the Application of Preloading and Prefabricated Vertical Drains". Civil Engineering Beyond Limits 3, nr 2 (1.06.2022): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.36937/cebel.2022.1623.
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Construction of dual carriageway embankments on smooth clay soils is severely essential problem for the serviceability of subgrade projects. It is a exquisite situation to expect the agreement of the embankment on smooth soil. Generally, Geotechnical trouble is located wherein the soils are composed of smooth clay. In this case, it's miles had to expect the Consolidation agreement of clay. The prefabricated band drains are used for accelerating the consolidation of smooth soils. During the Construction of high-manner troubles on smooth soil, it's miles required to investigate balance associated with the discount of consolidation agreement. In this work, empirical strategies of Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVDs) & Preloading are used to investigate the agreement comprehensively. By the method of preloading, consolidation of soil may be executed to an extensive quantity earlier than making use of real creation load. The end result of the agreement evaluation of the Highway Embankment withinside the studies vicinity is 248 mm, which takes nearly 21 years for number one consolidations to obtain a 95% degree of consolidation. To lessen the period of consolidation agreement Prefabricated Vertical Drains(PVDs)and Preloading are applied. The Kjellman formulation is used for the estimation of the consolidation time. A triangular sample is followed withinside the intensity of nineteen m with a spacing of 1m and the decreased time for number one consolidation agreement is nearly a hundred and twenty days.
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Lie, Edwin, i Aswin Lim. "Evaluation of Degree of Consolidation, Over Consolidation Ratio and Coefficient of Consolidation from CPTu tests in Alluvium Clays". INERSIA lnformasi dan Ekspose Hasil Riset Teknik Sipil dan Arsitektur 19, nr 2 (31.12.2023): 251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/inersia.v19i2.58976.
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Soft soil was found in several areas in Indonesia, one of them is in Kalimantan Island, which the soft soil in the island mostly formed by Alluvium. One of the characteristics of the soft soil is that they are likely still in under consolidating stage. The usage of CPTu was found to be suitable to the soft soil as the device can record small numbers continuously and able to record pore water pressure. Key features in performing CPTu in under consolidating soft soil is the dissipation test. However, often the dissipation test ended before the 50% excess pore pressure dissipated, which causes commonly used method for interpretation unable to estimate u50. Inverse time (Whittle et. al., 2000; Lim et. al., 2014) and inverse square root time (Liu et. al., 2014) method was developed to overcame the limitation. Rahardjo et. al. (2016) also developed method for obtaining degree of consolidation (and OCR) using pore pressure ratio parameter (Bq) obtained from CPTu. Geotechnical investigation comprised advancing several cone penetration testings (CPTu) were carried out after failure occurred in a relatively flat area (RL +5m to +12m) after having built waste dump embankment to +70m elevation. Soft soil with 15m to 30m thickness was found beneath the embankment. This paper presents comparison of coefficient of consolidation using Teh Houlsby (1991) method using parameters derived from inverse time and inverse square root time, also comparison for degree of consolidation and OCR in the Alluvium clays based on the dissipation data obtained from the testings. Result showed that the Alluvium clays in the upper 10m already over consolidated while between RL 0 to -20m are still under consolidating, with parameters obtained using inverse time and inverse square root time generally showing close value.
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Wray, Melvyn. "From server consolidation to network consolidation". Network Security 2012, nr 2 (luty 2012): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1353-4858(12)70014-4.
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Tham, Duong Hong. "Studying the consolidation settlement for multi-layered foundation concerning the change in compressibility within the settlement zones". HO CHI MINH CITY OPEN UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE - ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 11, nr 1 (15.02.2022): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.46223/hcmcoujs.tech.en.11.1.1450.2021.
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This paper deals with the approach of predicting the consolidation settlement for a multi-layered foundation concerning the change in the compressibility of the settlement layers. This non-linear problem is preliminarily solved by using the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s (MIT’s) suggestion of approximation, according to which every two layers are converted into a single layer having an equivalent coefficient of consolidation Cv. This paper aims to further the solution by considering the variation of the permeability in the settlement zones of each compressible layer as a change in the compressibility and coefficient of compression. During consolidation, the new value of k is updated, resulting in a new coefficient of consolidation Cv and mv simultaneously; then compressible layers are combined and converted into either equivalent properties or thickness of consolidation. In case the coefficient of volume compression mv is kept to be constant, and the change in the compressibility of the settling zone is taken into account as in this study, preliminary results on the settlement of the alternatives indicate that the consolidation settlement will be greater than that of the conventional approach of analysis and the numerical computation by Plaxis model. The results of the comparison between this study and those of the other models _that are assumed to yield the same time-dependent consolidation_ and numerical model Plaxis indicate that the consolidation for multi-layered foundation requires a more rigorous study. This is a more detailed modification for coming closer to a conservative prediction of the time of consolidation and final consolidation settlement.
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Yan, W. M., T. K. Sun i L. G. Tham. "Coupled-Consolidation Modeling of a Pile in Consolidating Ground". Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 138, nr 7 (lipiec 2012): 789–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0000651.
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PRESCOTT, Matthew. "CONSOLIDATING GAINS AND THE CONSOLIDATION AREA IN NATO DOCTRINE". Romanian Military Thinking 2021, nr 3 (listopad 2021): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.55535/gmr.2021.3.02.
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Consolidating gains is an integral part of combat operations that leverages tactical, operational, and strategic level advantages to retain the initiative and create irreversible momentum towards the desired end state (TRADOC, 2017). How successfully armed forces consolidate their gains often informs the outcome for how a conflict is viewed today. Successfully consolidating gains in NATO operations have a clear impact at the tactical, operational, and strategic levels of war. By increasing the importance of consolidating gains and incorporating the consolidation area as a new geographic framework within Alliance doctrine, NATO will be better prepared to maintain the initiative, while creating the required momentum to achieve the military and political end state.
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PRESCOTT, Matthew. "CONSOLIDATING GAINS AND THE CONSOLIDATION AREA IN NATO DOCTRINE". Romanian Military Thinking 2021, nr 3 (listopad 2021): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.55535/rmt.2021.3.02.
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Consolidating gains is an integral part of combat operations that leverages tactical, operational, and strategic level advantages to retain the initiative and create irreversible momentum towards the desired end state (TRADOC, 2017). How successfully armed forces consolidate their gains often informs the outcome for how a conflict is viewed today. Successfully consolidating gains in NATO operations have a clear impact at the tactical, operational, and strategic levels of war. By increasing the importance of consolidating gains and incorporating the consolidation area as a new geographic framework within Alliance doctrine, NATO will be better prepared to maintain the initiative, while creating the required momentum to achieve the military and political end state.
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Wilkowska-Kołakowska, Dorota. "Land Valuation Methods in Land Consolidation Proceedings vs. Implementation of the Purpose of Land Consolidation as Specified in the Land Consolidation and Exchange Act of 1982 in Rural Poland". Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 32, nr 3 (29.09.2023): 125–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2023.32.3.125-146.
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Correct spatial structure of agricultural land is one of the key conditions of efficient farming and enables the use of advanced farming technologies. In Poland, land consolidation is regulated by the Land Consolidation and Exchange Act of 1982 and is intended to improve the spatial structure of farmland. Land valuation is a key part of this, as it determines the compensation that is offered to stakeholders whose lands are diminished in land consolidation. However, in Poland, various land valuation methods are used. The article examines relevant documents obtained from all county offices (starosties) involved in consolidations in 2017–2020, such as minutes of meetings of land consolidation participants and their resolutions on adopting land valuation principles. The analysis reveals that the current land valuation methods in the consolidation process do not ensure the achievement of the main aim of land consolidation, which is to provide better conditions for farming by way of improving the spatial structure of farmland. This is primarily because the land valuation methods employed value land below current market prices. Based on this finding, some legal amendments are proposed related to land valuation that are more suited to the needs of the land consolidation process. The desirable modifications include, among other things, rejecting the decisive role of public bodies to the benefit of professional valuation done by registered property appraisers. In this regard, two variants of amendments to Article 11 of the Land Consolidation and Exchange Act are proposed.
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Yamakawa, Hideaki, Masahiro Yoshida, Masami Yabe, Emiri Baba, Keitaro Okuda, Shota Fujimoto, Hiroaki Katagi, Takeo Ishikawa, Masamichi Takagi i Kazuyoshi Kuwano. "Correlation between Clinical Characteristics and Chest Computed Tomography Findings of Pulmonary Cryptococcosis". Pulmonary Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/703407.
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Objective. The aim of this study was to review HIV-negative patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis to analyze the correlations between clinical characteristics and chest computed tomography (CT) findings.Methods. We retrospectively analyzed medical records of 16 HIV-negative patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis diagnosed at our institution, and clinical characteristics of the patients with nodules or masses without ground-glass attenuation (GGA)/consolidation type were compared with those of patients with inclusive GGA or consolidation type.Results. Host status was immunocompromised (81.2%) in most of the patients, and 6 (37.5%) were asymptomatic. The most frequent radiologic abnormalities on chest CT scans were one or more nodules (87.5%), GGA (37.5%), and consolidations (18.8%). Most lesions were located in the lower lung. Levels of hemoglobin and platelets were significantly lower in patients with inclusive GGA or consolidation type. Although the differences were not significant, patients with inclusive GGA or consolidation type tended to have a C-reactive protein level of ≥1.0 mg/dL.Conclusion. If a patient with anemia and thrombocytopenia shows GGA or consolidation in the lung, pulmonary cryptococcosis should be given careful consideration.
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Skipper, Joseph B., John E. Bell, William A. Cunningham i Daniel D. Mattioda. "Forward positioning and consolidation of strategic inventories". Journal of Transportation Management 21, nr 1 (1.04.2010): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22237/jotm/1270080180.
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The forward positioning of strategic inventory in the supply chain has an impact on transportation times and is important for sensitive demand profiles. Consolidation of stocks creates pooling effects and minimizes costs. This study analyzes a current military case where forward consolidation of equipment is considered using optimization, and payback periods are calculated for the cost of consolidating inventory at one of six locations. Results indicate that forward positioning and consolidation reduces time and cost, and also creates savings in reverse logistics flows. The study has implications for geographically diverse supply chains such as humanitarian aid and emergency response operations.
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Gupta, Sanjeev, João T. Jalles, Carlos Mulas-Granados i Michela Schena. "Planned fiscal adjustments: Do governments fulfil their commitments?" European Union Politics 19, nr 3 (6.06.2018): 383–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465116518778807.
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This article analyzes the causes and consequences of fiscal consolidation promise gaps, defined as the distance between planned fiscal adjustments and actual consolidations. Using 74 consolidation episodes derived from the narrative approach in 17 advanced economies during 1978–2015, the paper shows that promise gaps were sizeable (about 0.3% of gross domestic product per year or 1.1% of gross domestic product during an average fiscal adjustment episode). Both economic and political factors explain the gaps: for example, greater electoral proximity, stronger political cohesion and higher accountability were all associated with smaller promise gaps. Finally, governments that delivered on their fiscal consolidation plans were rewarded by financial markets and not penalized by voters.
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de Vries, Walter Timo. "Social Aspects in Land Consolidation Processes". Land 11, nr 3 (21.03.2022): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11030452.
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Land consolidation is an instrument that readjusts land parcel shapes and reallocates land rights in order to minimize farmland fragmentation, optimize agricultural output, and generate optimal living and working conditions in rural areas. The optimization and reallocation algorithms typically rely on monetarized values of land parcels, soil quality, and compensation amounts. Yet, land management interventions also need instruments for socio-spatial optimization, which may be in conflict with the monetary ones. Many non-monetary values are qualitative in nature. Hence, there is a research gap in how such values can be detected and incorporated, such that they can create a multi-dimensional land consolidation outcome. This study applies a situational analytical approach to investigate how, where, and when social values and belief systems play a role in land consolidation cases in three different study areas. This process enables the qualitative detection of which types of social values are central during land consolidations and which ones are most essential when evaluating outcomes of land consolidation. The synthesis derives that the incorporation of aims—such as addressing socio-spatial affinity, need for equity and fairness, human recognition, and good neighborship—is possible through an innovation in land consolidation practices, social valuation methods, and/or socially responsive land consolidation laws.
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Rahman, Habib Ur, Adam Arian i John Sands. "Does Fiscal Consolidation Affect Non-Performing Loans? Global Evidence from Heavily Indebted Countries (HICs)". Journal of Risk and Financial Management 16, nr 9 (19.09.2023): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16090417.
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This study explores fiscal consolidations’ impact on non-performing loans (NPLs) in highly indebted countries (HICs) following the global financial crisis (GFC) and subsequent sovereign debt crisis. A dynamic panel data estimator was applied to obtain the unbiased estimator due to NPLs’ time persistence. The findings reveal that fiscal consolidation measures increase NPLs since they limit the household and business loan-serving capacity. Extended analysis categorises fiscal consolidation episodes into (1) the fiscal consolidation weak form (FCWE) and (2) the fiscal consolidation strong form (FCSE). The extended analysis results reveal that the FCWE and FCSE improve NPLs by 1.55% and 31.10%, respectively. The weak-to-strong form transition of the fiscal consolidation analysis resulted in improving NPLs by 28.55 percentage points. NPL definition challenges, the potential influence of loan restructuring and regulatory restrictions, and implications for policymakers and financial institutions in managing NPLs in highly indebted economies were explored. Investigating the potentially different effects of both forms of fiscal consolidation (FCWE and FCSE) on NPLs in countries with different definitions of NPLs, including a comparison study between different definitions, was identified as an implication for future research. Finally, future studies should examine how restrictions on IFRS 9 may affect the FCWE and NPL as well as FCSE and NPL associations.
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Xu, Hao Feng, i Kang he Xie. "Simplified Computation of 1D Consolidation for Unsaturated Soil when Air Phase Neglected". Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (grudzień 2010): 298–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.298.
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It is a complicated problem for consolidation analysis of unsaturated soils. Nowadays’ theories are very theoretical, and the parameters in them are so many that it is difficult to solve the equations, i.e., they are not excellently fit for application in engineering. So it is significant to get a simplified theory for consolidation analysis of unsaturated soils. In this paper, according to the phenomena observed in consolidation’s experiments for unsaturated soils, it is assumed that pore-air pressure undergoes an instantaneous dissipation and the consolidation of unsaturated soils can be described as the process of dissipation of excess pore-water pressure. Then a simplified consolidation model is put forward. And based on the principle of the whole soil mass conversation, the continuity equation is founded. Subsequently one- dimensional consolidation equation is derived, which is similar to Terzaghi’s equation for consolidation of saturated soils. Finally, the numerical results from the derived equation are compared with the experimental results from laboratory tests reported in the literature, and the agreement is good. It can be concluded that the hypothesis is rational and the simplified computation is practical in engineering.
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Ajish, Deepa. "Streamlining Cybersecurity: Unifying Platforms for Enhanced Defense". International Journal of Information Technology, Research and Applications 3, nr 2 (22.06.2024): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.59461/ijitra.v3i2.106.
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Cybersecurity leaders face the challenges of complexity, tool overlap, and blind spots resulting from using multiple cybersecurity vendors and tools. In response, adopting a cybersecurity platform consolidation framework simplifies security operations by streamlining products and improving risk posture. Cybersecurity platform consolidation offers various benefits such as improved efficiency, cost savings, and better integration of security tools. However, concerns exist regarding potential limitations in flexibility and agility, increased dependency on a single vendor, and the complexity of migration processes. This review aims to analyze the advantages and drawbacks of cybersecurity platform consolidation to provide a comprehensive understanding of its implications for organizations. As the adoption of cybersecurity platform consolidation continues to grow, it becomes essential to delve deeper into the implications for organizations. By offering a comprehensive analysis of both the advantages and potential drawbacks of cybersecurity platform consolidation, this review aims to provide valuable insights for organizations considering or undergoing this transformation. This will enable organizations to make informed decisions and develop strategies to maximize the benefits while mitigating the concerns associated with platform consolidation. This paper explores the key findings, benefits, and best practices associated with consolidating security solutions.
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Krupa, Olha. "Government Consolidation in Property Tax Administration". State and Local Government Review 49, nr 1 (9.12.2016): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160323x16680270.
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Government consolidations remain highly controversial, and the proposition that consolidated governments operate more efficiently than smaller government units is a contested claim. This research evaluates the outcomes of Indiana property tax consolidation reform of 2008. It documents 19.0–27.0 percent cost savings from consolidated tax administration and estimates cost elasticities. The study finds that assessment costs are highly elastic to assessor workloads, wage levels, and the percentage of agricultural land, but not the assessment quality. Although these findings may assist other fragmented local government units in evaluating vertical consolidation proposals, they may not directly generalize to other areas of government.
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Jacques, Olivier, i Lukas Haffert. "Are governments paying a price for austerity? Fiscal consolidations reduce government approval". European Political Science Review 13, nr 2 (23.02.2021): 189–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773921000035.
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AbstractWhat are the political effects of fiscal consolidations? Theoretical considerations suggest that consolidations should reduce the public’s support for their governments, but empirical studies have found surprisingly small effects on government support. However, most of these studies analyze electoral outcomes, which are separated from the consolidation by a multi-link causal chain. We argue that more direct measures of government support, such as executive approval, show much stronger negative effects of consolidation, since they are less affected by the strategic timing of consolidations or the political alternatives on offer. We analyze a time series cross-sectional dataset of executive approval in 14 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries from 1978 to 2014, using the narrative approach to measure fiscal consolidations. We find that spending cuts decrease government approval, especially during economic downturns, but tax increases’ impact on approval remains minimal. Finally, left- and right-wing governments are equally likely to lose approval after implementing austerity.
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Komissarova, Zh N., i E. A. Sergeev. "EU fiscal governance and budget consolidation in Visegrád countries". MGIMO Review of International Relations, nr 3(66) (28.07.2019): 131–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2019-3-66-131-158.
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Budget consolidations in Visegrád countries, which followed European financial and debt crisis, were mainly driven by external factors such as EU fiscal governance. Since the Visegrád countries have accomplished their consolidation effort, it seems topical to study their experience and assess the efficiency of consolidation measures. Involving descriptive statistical analysis, the authors posit that supranational impact on national budgets of Visegrád countries was quite efficient, as all economies concerned have accomplished a relatively sizeable fiscal consolidation. This happened largely due to the fact that the governments did not intend to lose vast amounts of funds from the EU budget. Such an option was quite feasible as a part of possible sanctions related to excessive deficit. The Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and the Slovak Republic run different consolidations as to scale, structure and measures taken, though one could highlight some similarities. On the one hand, consolidations were to a great extent carried out through the means of indirect taxation, because they have a less distortive nature, given the structural characteristics of countries at issue. On the other hand, the governments refrained from raising direct taxes due to their distortive character. Hungary was the only country, which took some active measures in the field of corporate taxation, and subsequently suffered from drop in tax collection. The Visegrád countries did cut government expenditures, but strived to use the most effective instruments such as curbing employment in public sector. Further, there were some subsidiary factors at place that influenced consolidation pace. For example, three of four Visegrád countries are not members of a currency union, which inter alia contributed to monetizing government debt. At the same time, some measures taken by the countries, were of a quite formal nature. For instance, Hungary totally nationalized pension system in order to increase budget revenues. Nevertheless, all Visegrád countries reached deficit target without any revolutionary changes to main fiscal aggregates, which means that consolidations were at least nominally effective. However, cumulative deficit change was not fully accompanied by lowering debt and was by several times less than cumulative transfers from the EU budget. At the same time the budget consolidations in Visegrád countries could be called efficient as GDP growth rates restored, as did investors’ confidence and exports.
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Nurmawati, Bernadete, KMS Herman, Dewi Iryani, Adi Darmawansyah i Russel Butarbutar. "Vertical Land Consolidation For Handling Urban Housing And Slum Settlement Arrangements". Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum 22, nr 3 (31.12.2023): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.31941/pj.v22i3.3233.
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The proliferation of slums in cities with limited land availability calls for regulation on how best to utilize and control Land and initiatives to streamline and improve land use in metropolitan areas through land consolidation. Therefore, the government can use land consolidation to ensure the quality of the urban environment and the social functions of Land. Land consolidation itself is mainly carried out on city properties due to the high concentration of people and lack of planning that characterizes many urban environments. In urban slum programs, vertical land consolidation is an alternative land supply to reorganize slums. By reorganizing who owns what, where it can be used, and how it can be used, land consolidation is carried out to enhance natural resource conservation and improve environmental quality through community involvement and public use of previously privately owned Land. Community participation is a major part of the framework for improving the quality and quantity of land functions. Vertical land consolidation can serve as a useful solution to urban problems such as housing affordability and density. By consolidating Land vertically, more housing units can be built in a smaller area, providing more affordable housing options for residents. In addition, vertical land consolidation helps reduce urban sprawl and results in more sustainable and livable cities. This paper uses normative legal research techniques, including research into applying positive law and legal principles or norms.
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Khelalfa, Houssam. "The consolidation matrix and the consolidation circle". Acta Geotechnica Slovenica 17, nr 2 (2020): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/actageotechslov.17.2.56-64.2020.
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In geotechnical engineering, the consolidation and settlement of structures are among the major problems an engineer must deal with. An appropriate estimation of a soil’s settlement is of significant importance, since it directly influences the performance of buildings and infrastructures that are built on soil.The compressibility characteristics of soils form one of the most important parameters required in the design of foundations. The compressibility behaviour of soils islargely dependent on the compression index, the properties and the parameters of the soil. A number of empirical correlations have been developed in the literature that aresupposedto connect the compression index to other soil parameters. The main objectives of this research were to study the relationships between the compression index (Cc) and the swelling index (Cs), and to investigate the effects of the natural void ratio (e0) and the over-consolidation ratio (OCR) on Cc and Cs, in order to combine them with the pre-compression stress (Pc), the consolidation duration (Tc) and the settlement (Su).Consequently, aconsolidation matrix and a consolidation circle are proposed, which gives us a new method and model to facilitate the calculations of the parameters involved in the soil consolidation, so as to summarize the consolidation phenomenon.
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WU, Xiaomin, Hisakazu ITOU, Kouji ONO i Yoichi NAGASE. "Consolidation Analysis. An Approximate Theory of Consolidation." Journal of the Society of Powder Technology, Japan 33, nr 1 (1996): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4164/sptj.33.10.
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Baral, Pankaj, Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn, Buddhima Indraratna, Serge Leroueil i Jian-Hua Yin. "Radial Consolidation Analysis Using Delayed Consolidation Approach". Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 145, nr 10 (październik 2019): 04019063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0002100.
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Duncombe, William, i John Yinger. "Does School District Consolidation Cut Costs?" Education Finance and Policy 2, nr 4 (październik 2007): 341–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/edfp.2007.2.4.341.
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Consolidation has dramatically reduced the number of school districts in the United States. Using data from rural school districts in New York, this article provides the first direct estimation of consolidation's cost impacts. We find economies of size in operating spending: all else equal, doubling enrollment cuts operating costs per pupil by 61.7 percent for a 300-pupil district and by 49.6 percent for a 1,500-pupil district. Consolidation also involves large adjustment costs, however. These adjustment costs, which are particularly large for capital spending, lower net cost savings to 31.5 percent and 14.4 percent for a 300-pupil and a 1,500-pupil district, respectively. Overall, consolidation makes fiscal sense, particularly for very small districts, but states should avoid subsidizing unwarranted capital projects.
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Wu, Ke. "Exploring the role of sleep stages in memory consolidation and cognitive function". Theoretical and Natural Science 23, nr 1 (20.12.2023): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/23/20231019.
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The biological process of sleep is crucial for maintaining both physical and mental health. There are two separate stages of sleep, which are rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. They have distinct characteristics and functions that contribute to memory consolidation or cognitive function. The role of each sleep stage in memory consolidation and cognitive function is crucial for optimizing sleep and promoting cognitive performance. This paper reviews the different sleep stages and their contribution to memory consolidation and cognitive function. The findings suggest that NREM sleep aids in transferring information from short-term to long-term memory, also plays an important role in consolidating declarative and procedural memories, and REM sleep is involved in emotional regulation and the integration of emotional information with existing memories. These conclusions highlight the significant role of sleep in memory consolidation and cognitive function.
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Wei, Andrew, Gail J. Roboz, Hervé Dombret, Hartmut Döhner, Andre C. Schuh, Pau Montesinos, Christopher Pocock i in. "CC-486 Improves Overall Survival (OS) and Relapse-Free Survival (RFS) for Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) in First Remission after Intensive Chemotherapy (IC), Regardless of Amount of Consolidation Received: Results from the Phase III QUAZAR AML-001 Maintenance Trial". Blood 136, Supplement 1 (5.11.2020): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-138498.
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Background: Approximately 40-60% of older patients (pts) with AML achieve complete remission (CR) with IC. Factors influencing the use of consolidation after induction include disease-related considerations, extent of hematopoietic recovery, pt fitness, and physician and pt preference. Most older pts who achieve AML remission will experience disease relapse despite consolidation therapy (Schlenk, Haematologica, 2018). In the phase III, randomized, double-blind QUAZAR AML-001 Maintenance Trial, CC-486, an oral hypomethylating agent, was shown to significantly prolong OS and RFS vs. placebo (PBO) in pts with AML in first remission following induction ± consolidation. Prior to study entry, the use of consolidation chemotherapy and number of consolidation cycles was at the discretion of the treating physician, with study eligibility not contingent on the use of consolidation. Objective: Assess survival outcomes in the QUAZAR AML-001 trial in pt subgroups defined by number of consolidation courses received before study entry. Methods: Eligible pts were aged ≥55 years with newly diagnosed AML, intermediate- or poor-risk cytogenetics, and ECOG PS ≤3. Within 4 months (mo) of attaining first CR or CR with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi), pts were randomized 1:1 to CC-486 300 mg or PBO QD for 14 days per 28-day treatment (Tx) cycle. OS and RFS were compared among pts who received no consolidation ("No Consolidation"), 1 cycle of consolidation ("1 Consolidation"), or ≥2 cycles of consolidation ("≥2 Consolidations"). For these analyses, "induction" and "consolidation" defined regimens received before and after, respectively, the reported date of first CR/CRi. OS was defined as the time from randomization to death, and RFS as time from randomization to relapse or death. Kaplan-Meier OS/RFS estimates were compared for CC-486 vs. PBO using log-rank test. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were generated using a stratified Cox proportional hazards model. These analyses were not powered sufficiently to determine statistical significance. Results: 472 pts were randomized to CC-486 (N=238) or PBO (N=234). Most pts (80%) received consolidation before study entry. The No Consolidation cohort comprised 94 pts (20%; CC-486 52, PBO 42), the 1 Consolidation cohort comprised 212 pts (45%; CC-486 110, PBO 102), and the ≥2 Consolidations cohort comprised 166 pts (35%; CC-486 76, PBO 90), including 19 pts (CC-486 6, PBO 13) who received 3 consolidation cycles. Common agents used for consolidation were cytarabine (377/378 pts), idarubicin (95/378), and daunorubicin (37/378). While most pts received 1 induction, 97 pts received ≥2 induction courses; of them, 21 (CC-486 14, PBO 7) did not receive consolidation and 76 (CC-486 43, PBO 33) received ≥1 consolidation cycle. Baseline characteristics (eg, CR / CRi after IC, ECOG PS, cytogenetic risk at diagnosis) were generally similar among Tx arms and cohorts. Median (range) ages of pts in the 0 / 1 / ≥2 Consolidation cohorts were 71 (58-84), 68 (55-86), and 67 (55-82) years, respectively. In the No Consolidation cohort, median OS from the time of randomization with CC-486 vs. PBO was 23.3 vs. 10.9 mo, respectively (HR 0.55 [95%CI 0.34, 0.89]), and median RFS was 8.4 vs. 3.9 mo (0.55 [0.34, 0.88]) (Figure A). In the 1 Consolidation cohort, median OS was 21.0 vs. 14.3 mo with CC-486 vs. PBO, respectively (HR 0.75 [95%CI 0.55, 1.02]), and median RFS was 10.0 vs. 4.7 mo (0.72 [0.53, 0.99]) (Figure B). In the ≥2 Consolidations cohort, median OS was 28.6 mo with CC-486 vs. 17.6 mo with PBO (HR 0.75 [95%CI 0.50, 1.11]), and median RFS was 13.0 vs. 6.1 mo (0.59 [0.41, 0.87]) (Figure C). Conclusions: CC-486 was associated with consistent survival benefits vs. PBO regardless of number of prior consolidation cycles. Use of consolidation was generally associated with nominal improvements in OS and RFS within each Tx arm; however, in the CC-486 arm, median OS for pts who did not receive consolidation was similar to those who received 1 consolidation cycle (23.3 and 21.0 mo, respectively). Results should be interpreted with caution, as these cohorts were not prospectively defined and the study was not powered to detect significant differences between subgroups. Nevertheless, these data clearly suggest that older pts with AML in first remission after induction can benefit from CC-486, regardless of their fitness to receive consolidation or the number of consolidation cycles received before starting CC-486. Disclosures Wei: AMGEN: Honoraria, Other: Advisory committee, Research Funding; Walter and Eliza Hall Institute: Patents & Royalties; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Abbvie: Honoraria, Other: Advisory committee, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Genentech: Honoraria, Other: Advisory committee; Servier: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Advisory committee; Astellas: Honoraria, Other: Advisory committee; Pfizer: Honoraria, Other: Advisory committee; Macrogenics: Honoraria, Other: Advisory committee; Celgene: Honoraria, Other: Advisory committee, Speakers Bureau; Astra-Zeneca: Honoraria, Other: Advisory committee, Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria, Other. Roboz:Orsenix: Consultancy; Actinium: Consultancy; Argenx: Consultancy; Jazz: Consultancy; Astex: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy; Bayer: Consultancy; Array BioPharma: Consultancy; Abbvie: Consultancy; Agios: Consultancy; Astellas: Consultancy; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy; AstraZeneca: Consultancy; Jasper Therapeutics: Consultancy; Cellectis: Research Funding; Otsuka: Consultancy; Takeda: Consultancy; Trovagene: Consultancy; Eisai: Consultancy; Celltrion: Consultancy; Epizyme: Consultancy; Helsinn: Consultancy; MEI Pharma: Consultancy; Sandoz: Consultancy; Roche/Genentech: Consultancy; Amphivena: Consultancy. Dombret:Sunesis: Consultancy; Abbvie: Consultancy; Shire-Baxalta: Consultancy; Immunogen: Consultancy; Otsuka: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy; Menarini: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy, Research Funding; Jazz Pharma: Consultancy, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy; Nova: Consultancy, Research Funding; Incyte: Consultancy, Research Funding; Astellas: Consultancy; Servier: Consultancy, Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy; Cellectis: Consultancy. Döhner:Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Astex: Consultancy, Honoraria; Astellas: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; AROG: Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Agios: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria; Sunesis: Research Funding; Oxford Biomedicals: Consultancy, Honoraria; Pfizer: Research Funding; Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Helsinn: Consultancy, Honoraria; Jazz: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Honoraria; GEMoaB: Consultancy, Honoraria. Selleslag:Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; MSD: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Incyte: Consultancy, Honoraria; GSK: Consultancy, Honoraria; Sanofi: Consultancy, Honoraria; Alexion: Consultancy, Honoraria; Astellas: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Janssen Cilag: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Belgian College: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Teva: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau. La Torre:Bristol Myers Squibb: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Skikne:Bristol Myers Squibb: Current Employment. Kumar:Bristol Myers Squibb: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Dong:Bristol Myers Squibb: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Beach:Bristol Myers Squibb: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Ravandi:Macrogenics: Research Funding; Astellas: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria; Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Orsenix: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Xencor: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Honoraria.
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Maria, Paulo E. L. S., Flávia C. M. S. Maria i Ian S. M. Martins. "Some Applications of Linear Viscoelasticity to Problems of Consolidation under Variable Loading". Soils and Rocks 31, nr 1 (1.01.2008): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.28927/sr.311015.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The main purpose of this paper is to present a general method to derive closed form solutions for one-dimensional consolidation problems under time dependent loading using the Linear Viscoelasticity theory. A review of the basic concepts of this theory is initially presented and, mainly for illustration purposes, the method is applied to three consolidation problems, leading to relevant solutions for Geotechnical Engineering. In the first application, considering Terzaghi’s and Barron’s solutions, creep functions are determined for vertical and radial drainage, allowing derivation of expressions for one-dimensional consolidation under a number of linear loads for these drainage conditions. Using Carrillo’s equation, the creep function for combined vertical and radial drainage is obtained, leading to corresponding solution for linear variable loading. Partial submersion of embankments on soft soils is another consolidation problem under time dependent loading solved by means of Viscoelasticity. Classical approximate solutions are used in this second application to establish creep functions for vertical drainage and exact Barron’s solution to establish creep function for radial drainage. An expression for late stages of consolidation is also derived for combined vertical and radial drainage condition. The third application considers the problem of load transfer from a consolidating deposit of soft clay to a pattern of drain columns of finite stiffness. Diagrams concerning a case of consolidation under linear variable three-step loading and consolidation with partial submersion of the fill are provided to illustrate the solutions obtained.
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Doroż, Arkadiusz, Aleksandra Musiał i Piotr Bożek. "Assessment of the effectiveness of land consolidation works, as illustrated with the case of Bielcza village". Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape 2 (2022): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/gll/2022.2.37.
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Land consolidation is a process consisting in the designation of new cadastral plots with a differ- ent shape compared to the original ones, in order to reduce the number of small and scattered plots of land that make up a farm, and to increase the average size of homesteads. Within the scope of a land consolidation project, works related to post-consolidation land development are also carried out, which mainly include the creation of a functional network of access roads to agricultural and forest land, and the implementation of tasks, which impact the regulation of hydrographic conditions within the area covered by the consolidation, and which affect land reclamation. Having understood the opportunities as well as threats related to the construction of the high- way, the Self-government of the Małopolska region (Małopolskie Voivodship) initiated activities related to the implementation of the first infrastructural consolidations in Poland in relation to the proposed highway-adjoining areas. On September 21, 2005, an agreement was signed with the General Directorate for National Roads and Highways in Warsaw [Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad w Warszawie], pertaining to cooperation regarding the consolidation of land related to the Kraków-Tarnów section of the A4 highway, currently under construction. Infrastructural consolidation, otherwise known as highway-related land consolidation, is a pro- cedure that consists in ordering the space adjacent to the highway construction area, as well as to another investment project in linear form. The purpose of the present article is to investigate the effectiveness of land consolidation works in connection with the construction of the highway, as il- lustrated with the example of a part of the village of Bielcza, in Borzęcin municipality, Brest district.