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Ghariani, Takoua. "Conservation de l'énergie sur des environnements de réseaux d'accès radio hétérogènes : vers des réseaux auto-organisants et verts". Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TELE0023/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaSince the last decades, environmental issues are becoming among the major concerns for most human activities, including the Information and Communication Technologies sector. This will surely influence upcoming networking technologies, architectures and usage practices. New approaches and methodologies are required in order to evaluate and to reduce the Carbon Footprint toward what is commonly denoted as Green Networks. Within the ICT sector, the main efforts are related to energy saving techniques. These efforts started in early stages within wireless technologies, mainly because of energy limitations on mobile devices such as mobile phones and wireless sensors. Additionally, because of health considerations, standardization bodies and government had set stringent policies and limits on electromagnetic radiation levels that can be emitted by radio stations. For these reasons, many academic and industrial research and development activities had led to a number of relatively energy efficient solutions. In this thesis, we consider energy efficiency in the context of Heterogeneous Wireless Access Networks. These are composed of multi-standards wireless network solutions, with non uniform topologies and cell sizes and Multi-Modal mobile terminals able to manage simultaneously different connections. The main contributions of our studies include the proposal of new optimization solutions regarding user association and scheduling techniques at both flow and packet levels for multi-homed mobile terminals. An overall context-based solution is also proposed in order to provide end-to-end energy efficient networking solutions
Ghariani, Takoua. "Conservation de l'énergie sur des environnements de réseaux d'accès radio hétérogènes : vers des réseaux auto-organisants et verts". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TELE0023.
Pełny tekst źródłaSince the last decades, environmental issues are becoming among the major concerns for most human activities, including the Information and Communication Technologies sector. This will surely influence upcoming networking technologies, architectures and usage practices. New approaches and methodologies are required in order to evaluate and to reduce the Carbon Footprint toward what is commonly denoted as Green Networks. Within the ICT sector, the main efforts are related to energy saving techniques. These efforts started in early stages within wireless technologies, mainly because of energy limitations on mobile devices such as mobile phones and wireless sensors. Additionally, because of health considerations, standardization bodies and government had set stringent policies and limits on electromagnetic radiation levels that can be emitted by radio stations. For these reasons, many academic and industrial research and development activities had led to a number of relatively energy efficient solutions. In this thesis, we consider energy efficiency in the context of Heterogeneous Wireless Access Networks. These are composed of multi-standards wireless network solutions, with non uniform topologies and cell sizes and Multi-Modal mobile terminals able to manage simultaneously different connections. The main contributions of our studies include the proposal of new optimization solutions regarding user association and scheduling techniques at both flow and packet levels for multi-homed mobile terminals. An overall context-based solution is also proposed in order to provide end-to-end energy efficient networking solutions
Shirizadeh, Ghezeljeh Behrang. "Reaching carbon neutrality in France by 2050 : optimal choice of energy sources, carriers and storage options". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021EHES0013.
Pełny tekst źródłaTo stay in line with 1.5°C of global warming, the French government has adopted the target of net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. The main greenhouse gas being carbon dioxide, and the majority of its emissions being due to energy combustion, this dissertation focuses on reaching carbon-neutrality in French energy-related CO2 emissions by 2050. This thesis dissertation aims to study the relative role of different low-carbon mitigation options in the energy sector in reaching carbon-neutrality. More precisely, this thesis first studies the French power sector, first in a fully renewable power system, and second in a power system containing other mitigation options i.e. nuclear energy and carbon capture and storage. I study the impact of uncertainties related to cost development of renewables and storage options and address the robustness of a fully renewable power system to cost uncertainties. Later, adding other low-carbon mitigation options in the power sector, I analyze the relative role of different low-carbon options. Similarly, to incentivize the investments in variable renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power, I study the investment risk related to the price and volume volatility of renewable electricity technologies, and the performance of different public policy support schemes. The analysis in this thesis goes beyond the electricity system and it also considers the whole energy system in the presence of sector-coupling. During this thesis, I have developed a family of models optimizing dispatch and investment to answer different questions regarding the French energy transition. These models minimize the cost of the considered system (electricity system or the whole energy system) by satisfying the supply/demand equilibrium at each hour over at least one year, respecting the main technical and operational, resource related and land-use constraints. Thus, both short-term and long-term variability of renewable energy sources are taken into account. Using these models, I address the questions raised above. These models are not used to find a single optimal solution, but several optimal solutions depending on different weather, cost, energy demand and technology availability scenarios. Therefore, the importance of robustness to the uncertainties is at the center of the used methodology beside optimality. The findings of my thesis show that renewable energy supply sources are the main enablers of reaching carbon neutrality in a cost-effective way, no matter the considered energy system; either only electricity or the whole energy system. While the elimination of nuclear power barely increases the cost of a carbon-neutral energy system, the elimination of renewables is associated with high inefficiencies both from the cost and emission points of view. In fact, if renewable gas is not available, even a social cost of carbon of €500/tCO2 will not be enough to reach carbon-neutrality. This is partially due to the negative emissions that it can provide once combined with carbon capture and storage, and partially due to the cost-optimality of renewable gas-fired internal combustion engines in reaching carbon-neutrality in the transport sector. This dissertation has several important policy-related messages; however, the central one is that reaching carbon-neutrality for the lowest cost requires a highly renewable energy system. Therefore, if we are to prioritize investment in low-carbon options, renewable gas and electricity technologies are of the highest importance
Dagicour, Florence. "La protection de l'environnement et le droit international : le cas de l'énergie nucléaire". Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT3011.
Pełny tekst źródłaGuerin, Dalya. "Analyse des représentations de la Nature et de la Technique dans le secteur de l'énergie en France et au Royaume-Uni. Etude et comparaison symbolique des relations de l'Homme à son environnement dans l'énergie nucléaire et dans l'énergie renouvelable : Etude et comparaison symbolique des relations de l'Homme à son environnement dans l'énergie nucléaire et dans l'énergie renouvelable". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00984260.
Pełny tekst źródłaDeladreue, Sophie. "Planification et fonctionnement des réseaux de grand transport de l'énergie électrique en environnement concurrentiel". Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066094.
Pełny tekst źródłaMoulim, El Bachir. "L'énergie et la protection de l'environnement dans la Communauté européenne". Tours, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOUR1020.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe thesis tries to give an essential glimpse of the unfold efforts in the harmonized wrest le with the reaches from the energy to the environment. It applies to show the efforts of the european community to inform, to harmonize, to regulate as far as possible in fields as varied as the quality of air, products, the "clean car", the pollution of sea by the hydrocarbons, the radioactivity, the radioactive waste. . . The recall of different texts carried or simply proposed by the communal authorities, goes with development of the coal, the gas, the oil, the nuclear energy. These technical explanations are often indispensable to understand the stakes of the communal intervention
Guedj, Muriel. "L'émergence du principe de conservation de l'énergie et la construction de la thermodynamique". Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA070034.
Pełny tekst źródłaDjemili, Tolba Fatiha. "Conservation d'énergie et gestion de la mobilité dans les réseaux ad hoc". Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESA2025.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe energy limitation and the node mobility in ad hoc networks constitute a major challenge for scientific community of networks and telecommunications. Although the permanent mobilisation and the significantjy progress in this area, we observe that these problems remain important. Most solutions implemented until now are based on the generalization techniques. In other words, these solutions suppose that the mobile nodes are homogeneous in terms of the treatment capacity and the energy reserve, while the reality shows the opposite. .
Cervera, Daniel. "Élaboration d'un environnement d'expérimentation en simulation incluant un cadre théorique pour l'apprentissage de l'énergie des fluides". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0017/NQ43475.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaSghaier, Nouha. "Techniques de conservation de l'énergie dans les réseaux de capteurs mobiles : découverte de voisinage et routage". Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1194/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe challenge of energy consumption in wireless sensor networks is a key issue that remains an open problem. This thesis relates to the problem of energy conservation in sensor networks and is divided into two parts. In the first part, we discuss the design of neighbor discovery protocols. We propose two techniques for modulating these protocols in order to optimize the energy consumption of sensor nodes. The first technique, PPM-BM aims to modulate the neighbor discovery protocol based on the battery level of the node. The second approach ECoND aims to set up the frequency of neighbor discovery based on estimated connectivity. This technique takes advantage of the temporal cycles of nodes' movement patterns. Connectivity is estimated based on encounters' history. A neighbor discovery is set up based on the estimated rate of connectivity. The achieved results demonstrate the effectiveness of these techniques in optimizing the energy consumption of nodes while maintaining acceptable message delivery and overhead rates. In the second part of the thesis, we contribute to the optimization of the performance of sensor networks in terms of network lifetime. We review in this section some routing protocols for networks with intermittent connectivity and we propose EXLIOSE protocol which is based on residual energy to ensure energy-balancing, load sharing and network lifetime extending
Klemm, Cyrille de. "La conservation de la faune et de la flore sauvages en droit international et droit comparé". Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR30008.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe thesis is constituted by a large number of publications, written between 1968 and 1995, on the subject of wildlife conservation and the conservation of natural areas in international and comparative law. The books and articles which deal with the international aspects of the subject have as a main purpose not only to take stock of the status of a particular matter at the time they were written but also, in most cases, to make proposals for the future. The following subjects have, inter alia, been considered: integrated wildlife management in europe, the living resources of the sea, conservation of species as a part of the natural heritage of mankind, migratory species, the international conservation of wetlands, international trade in endangered species, and the conservation of biological diversity. Most of the comparative law publications provide analyses of existing legislation and institutions in respect of the conservation of wild species and natural habitats in those countries where these are the best developed
Subrémon, Hélène. "Habiter avec l'énergie. Pour une anthropologie sensible de la consommation d'énergie". Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00403802.
Pełny tekst źródłaLa problématique de ce travail tente de les concevoir comme des pratiques domestiques qui ne peuvent pas être isolées les unes des autres, au risque de les vider de leur substance. Les travaux sur les premiers humains et leur domestication du feu nous renseignent sur l'humain, comparé à l'animal et à l'être de nature, les formes de son installation, le rapport que celui-ci entretient avec son milieu et la valeur symbolique qu'il lui procure. Les pratiques de construction, de cuisson, de chauffage et d'éclairage sont autant de productions culturelles qui font intervenir une consommation d'énergie et qui nous renseignent sur la relation que l'homme entretient avec son milieu. C'est aussi en s'appuyant sur les objets techniques que l'étude des pratiques peut se faire. Ici, le processus de massification technique est une donnée contemporaine qu'il a fallu prendre en compte. L'heure n'est plus à la confection d'un outil efficace mais à l'accumulation d'appareils qui fonctionnent de manière autonome.
A l'issue de ce parcours, nous mettons en évidence « l'intelligence énergétique » comme donnée comportementale, en porte-à-faux avec les discours politiques et médiatiques ambiants. Comprendre son espace de vie, comprendre l'organisation de sa vie familiale et ses nécessaires ajustements sont autant de points d'observation qui soulignent la nécessité du corps, en tant que partie d'un tout mésologique, dans l'approche des questions énergétiques contemporaines.
Ruscassie, Robert. "Contribution à l'étude des modes d'alimentation des lampes à décharge haute pression à halogènures métalliques en vue d'une application gradable pour l'éclairage urbain". Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20218.
Pełny tekst źródłaYang, Yi. "Les applications de la théorie des graphes dans des réseaux de télécommunication et des réseaux de capteurs sans fil". Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112218.
Pełny tekst źródłaBarrière, Olivier. "Gestion des ressources naturelles renouvelables et conservation des écosystèmes au Sahel : le foncier-environnement". Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010299.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe objet of the study is related to the research on a coviability between humans and ecosystems within a sahelian context whose environmental, socioeconomical and political data have deeply evolued since at least twenty years. An approach based on the anthropo-juridical study of the various exploitation systems and their interactions infers the fundamental imbrication of the land (defined as the substrate support of the biotic elements and the ecological process) and of the environment (composed in particular of the renewed resources as stakes of power relations). This approach in environmental law is made from a methodological attitude taking into account three observation scales : the village territory, the province and the region. Constituing the binomial spaceresource as unit of observation and as operative concept in every scales, it explores the relation man-natural environment by decorticating the land tenure frame of each of the exploitation systems taken individually and in interaction with the others. The aim is to think the principles of a right considering the interactions which weigh on the behaviour of individuals, on their decision and their action in terms of management of natural resources and which integrate the necessity of the longterme coviability of the biodiversity and of the cultural diversity. This right should constitute a change lever and allow to move from the conflicting and disorganized situation that the analysis of the social structures shows to a juridical situation where the liberty margin of the social actors and their respective responsability shares are clarified in accordance with the rights they have on the space-resources and in which they must be, in other respects, secured
Fritz-Legendre, Myriam. "La protection de la biodiversité en droit international et en droit comparé : vers un renforcement de la dimension préventive du droit de l'environnement". Dijon, 1997. https://nuxeo.u-bourgogne.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/fbb2f079-6eaf-41e2-bb44-9df0a7e717d3.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe conservation of biological diversity has given an opportunity of measuring the inadequacy of the established ways of thinking in the fields of international law of development and more generally of international law. The states had to adjust their measures of protection to the specificity of a whole whose inner interdependences and complexity showed through more and more global environmental problems. This evolution has led the states to consider protecting all that is living on earth, i. E. The biological diversity. The taking into account of that global environment has therefore fundamentally changed the relations between mankind and nature, and the way mankind looks at them, for the human being is more and more directly subjected to environmental problems. Prevention therefore seems the only attitude able to avoid the further worsening of the situation. The states must be looked at no longer as only entities sovereign on their resources but as co-managers of a natural heritage in jeopardy and needing to be safeguarded. Besides, biodiversity deeply changes not only relations between mankind and nature but also relations inside mankind in so far as it is today this issue - this new way of thinking - that determines the future of humanity
Djiffa, Kodjo Mawuegnigan. "Analyse microéconomique de la régressivité des politiques environnementales". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31591.
Pełny tekst źródłaA public policy is regressive (progressive) if low-income households bear a relatively greater (lower) proportion of its cost than high-income households. We build a microeconomic model to determine the regressivity or progressivity of environmental policies affecting the price of energy, the cost of improving energy efficiency, energy efficiency standards and / or the consumer's income. This model takes into account the fact that energy service is generally an essential good and that an energy efficiency standard has no impact on consumers for whom it is not binding. The model is applied to the study of of environmental policies: (i) a unit tax on energy, (ii) a unit subsidy to energy efficiency, (iii) an energy efficiency standard modeled as a unit tax, as in Levinson (2016), (iv) an energy efficiency standard modeled as a prescriptive regulation and (v) a subsidy that enables consumers to meet a new standard, which we call "grant to meet a standard". To allow comparisons, all policies are fiscally neutral since they do not affect the government's budget. We show that, although environmentally equivalent, an energy tax is regressive while the energy efficiency subsidy is progressive. We also show that Levinson's (2016) main result which suggests that a unit tax is more desirable than an energy efficiency standard relies on unclear deffinitions of regressivity and standard.
Talla, Tene Marius Rostand. "Le droit positif camerounais face aux impératifs de conservation de la faune sauvage et de promotion des populations autochtones". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008VERS025S.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe environment’s protection does not have any more cease to be a priority for the subjects of the International law. Since the Summit of Rio de Janeiro on the environment and the development, this concern caused at the international level was taken more and more into account by the States. Cameroun did not remain with the margin of this process since many legal provisions were taken in order to protect nature and its resources in fact those consisted wild fauna. Indeed, while taking as a starting point the International law of the environment, the Cameroonian legislator devoted the principle of conservation of wildlife by recommending the control of hunting activities, by attaching a major importance to the protected areas and by controlling the use of the faunal resources at commercial purposes. These measurements were also combined with the other supposed ones to improve the living conditions of the autochthon communities like the facilitation of the access to the natural resources and the implication of those in the management of wild fauna. However, this regulation knows important limits primarily made up by the restriction of the principle of participation and the multiple difficulties of a functional nature. All these limits result in to relativize the results obtained by the policies of conservation of fauna and promotion of the rights of the autochthon communities to Cameroun. To ameliorate the situation, of important measures should be taken in particular the improvement of decentralization’s policy, the participation’s principle reinforcement, the reinforcement of the control of the commercial exploitation of the wildlife resources and the at last, the equipment of autochthon communities of a clear statute taking that is taking in consideration their particularities
Younsi, Zohir. "Étude expérimentale et numérique du comportement thermique de matériaux à changement de phase : intégration dans un composant solaire passif pour l'habitat". Artois, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ARTO0208.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work is related to the context of building with high energy efficiency, energy storage in general and thermophysical characterization of materials with phase change (PCM) in particular. The studied wall is a composite solar wall integrating a PCM. This last is conditioned in a parallelepipedic polyolefin envelope. Before integrating this material in this type of wall, a preliminary study and a thermophysical characterization of material was necessary, so, an experimental device was designed. The method of characterization is based on the measure of associated flow with temperature field. It allows getting the quantity of stocking and destocking heat by the material, the latent heat of fusion, the thermal heat-storage capacities and conductivities. The influence of overmelting of the MCP on the thermal destocking of the material has been illustrated. A computer code for the resolution of heat transfer problem with phase change was developed with enthalpy method in 1D and 2D. A thermal transfer simulation of the MCP27 was realized with the commercial code Fluent. Thus, information on heat exchanges on briquette wall, the kinetic of phase change and the position melting front were obtained. Afterwards, an experimental study on the solar wall integrating the PCM was carried out. The results obtained are promising. The use of the PCM permits to design a light envelope, easily incorporated, having a high storage capacity and a strong inertia
Génin, Fabien. "Economie et conservation de l'énergie au cours du cycle saisonnier chez un primate, Microcebus murinus : approches physiologique, comportementale et écologique". Paris 13, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA132007.
Pełny tekst źródłaGiraudet, Louis-Gaëtan. "Les instruments économiques de maîtrise de l'énergie : une évaluation multidimensionnelle". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00599374.
Pełny tekst źródłaGuetté, Adrien. "Contribution à l'analyse multiscalaire de l'anthropisation et la naturalité en géographie de la conservation". Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT2009/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the current context of the biodiversity crisis, it is now urgent to quantify and map the evolution of anthropization.The first part documents the spatial and temporal evolution of several anthropogenic pressures at three spatial scales. First, it is the global dimension of anthropization that is demonstrated by the study of worldwide light pollutions. Then, at the scale of France, the confrontation of the spatial distribution of the built-up areas with the distribution of the common birds highlights the structuring effects of the anthropization on the biodiversity. Finally, at a territorial scale, the documentation over nearly 300 years of several indices of anthropization reveals the oldness of the influence of humans on landscapes.The second part gives an operational approach of mapping of the anthropization and naturalness in order to identify the least human pressured areas. At the regional scale, we propose a methodology for mapping cumulative anthropic pressures. Then, at the territorial scale, we decompose different facets of the naturalness to map them. Finally, at the scale of a particular habitat, we test the influence of two facets of naturalness on avian biodiversity.This work underlines the polymorphic character of the types of anthropization and naturalness. Finally, these two notions can’t be apprehended only at one spatial and temporal scale, but should, on the contrary, be understood as processes and not fixed states in time and space
Duran-Faundez, Cristian. "Transmission d'images sur les réseaux de capteurs sans fil sous la contrainte de l'énergie". Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00417505.
Pełny tekst źródłaLa contribution de cette thèse porte principalement sur deux aspects. Premièrement, nous avons proposé un protocole de transmission d'images semi-fiable pour réduire la consommation d'énergie des nœuds relayant les paquets jusqu'au collecteur. Les économies d'énergie sont obtenues en préparant à la source des paquets de différentes priorités, grâce à une transformée en ondelettes de l'image, puis en conditionnant l'acheminement des paquets, saut par saut, suivant leur priorité et l'état de charge des batteries. Deuxièmement, nous avons étudié plus profondément les aspects de traitement et codage d'images à la source, et nous avons proposé un nouvel algorithme de compression d'images de faible complexité, combiné avec une technique d'entrelacement de pixels basée sur les automorphismes toriques. Des expérimentations sur
une plate-forme réelle de réseau de capteurs d'images ont été réalisées afin de démontrer la validité de nos propositions, en mesurant des aspects telles que la quantité de mémoire requise pour l'implantation logicielle de nos algorithmes, leur consommation d'énergie et leur temps d'exécution, ainsi que la qualité des images reconstituées au récepteur en présence de pertes de paquets.
Bouallegue, Mehdi. "Protocoles de communication et optimisation de l'énergie dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil". Thesis, Le Mans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEMA1011/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaWireless sensor networks (WSNs) are composed of a large number of sensor nodes that are typicallybattery-powered and designed to operate for a long period. Application areas are many and varied, such as the environmental field, medical and military.The major advantage of this device is a large-scale deployment without any maintenance. The sensors do not need to achieve an established infrastructure to transmit vital data to the study of the environment. It is also necessary to ensure good quality service, because without son sensor networks must incorporate mechanisms that allow users to extend the life of the entire network, as each node is supplied by a limited power source and generally irreplaceable. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the power consumption at all levels of design of this type of network. Accordingly, minimization of power consumption is one of the most important design factors in sensor networks.The aim of this thesis is study the different existing routing techniques in a context without multi-hop son to get better performance. We carry our study of the most popular routing protocols to offer in a second part a new routing protocol for optimizing energy consumption without son sensor networks, keeping an optimal quality of service
Benabdelaziz, Ghafour. "Réduction de l'énergie de commande des interrupteurs De type TRIAC appliquée aux appareils ménagers". Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00677876.
Pełny tekst źródłaGuérin, Dalya. "Analyse des représentations de la Nature et de la Technique dans le secteur de l’énergie en France et au Royaume-Uni : étude et comparaison symbolique des relations de l'Homme à son environnement dans l'énergie nucléaire et dans l'énergie renouvelable". Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010344/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is dealing with the reality of an environmental utopia of cooperation between Nature and Technique in the energy sector, in the renewables in the United-Kingdom and in the nuclear energy in France. In a first part, we have established that energy systems, through cooperation projects between Nature and Technique, offered an interesting map of the competition, and more and more of the cooperation, between Nature and Technique in the studied discourses and practices, and especially in France. The second part of this work was about to show to what extent any resistances to these visions of Nature and Technique were stronger in France rather than in the United-Kingdom, because the se visions, as we have seeing in the first part, were more explicit in France. In the last part of this research, the aim was to demonstrate to what extent these representations of Nature and Technique cooperating meant the meeting of technological ideologies, belonging to the energy field, and of utopian visions of environment. We managed to show that, in the United-Kingdom, this utopian vision of the environment was more understood as a chance for energy actors in a project of a wave power plant, instead of France, where these utopian visions of the environment were a threat for the technological ideology, embodied by the nuclear energy
Chambon, Danielle. "Les aires marines protégées en droit international et en droit comparé". Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE0014.
Pełny tekst źródłaPageaux, Mathieu. "La Connectivité écologique dans les systèmes régionaux de protection de la biodiversité : étude comparée du réseau écologique Natura 2000 et du Système National des Unités de Conservation brésilien". Limoges, 2013. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/5f025d66-5e57-4787-afaf-a0d22a840b2a/blobholder:0/2013LIMO1002.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaEcological connectivity is a concept of growing importance in the law of conservation of nature. It strengthens the ecological networks in their mission to protect ecosystems and is also a sign of their completion. This thesis analyzes the concept of ecological connectivity in international law, european law and brazilian law. The comparative study of the European ecological network Natura 2000 and the Brazilian System of Conservation Units (SNUC) allows us indeed to conduct a detailed inventory of the different ecological connections, their issues and their legal weaknesses. This is also an opportunity to examine key conditions essential in strengthening ecological connectivity, namely, essentialy, the social and environmental function of property rights, the protection of connectivity in urban areas by planning law, the protection of ecosystems in marine areas and the importance of participation in the management of ecological connections
Mokrenko, Olesia. "Gestion de l'énergie dans un réseau de capteurs au niveau application". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30199/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaEnergy is a key resource in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), especially when sensor nodes are powered by batteries. This thesis is investigates how to save energy of the whole WSN, at the application level, thanks to control strategies, in real time and in a dynamic way. The first energy management strategy investigated is based on Model Predictive Control (MPC). The choice of MPC is motivated by the global objectives that are to reduce the energy consumption of the set of sensor nodes while ensuring a given service, named mission, for the sensor network. Moreover, a set of constraints on the binary control variables and on the sensor modes must be fulfilled. The second energy management strategy at the application level is based on a Hybrid Dynamical System (HDS) approach. This choice is motivated by the hybrid inherent nature of the WSN system when energy management is considered. The hybrid nature basically comes from the combination of continuous physical processes, namely, the charge / discharge of the node batteries; while the discrete part is related to the change in the functioning modes and the Unreachable condition of the nodes. The proposed strategies are evaluated and compared in simulation on a realistic test-case. Lastly, they have been implemented on a real test-bench and the results obtained have been discussed
Topalis, Panayotis. "Contribution au développement du simulateur de procédés ProSim et mise en oeuvre pour la conception optimale des appareils de revalorisation énergétique". Toulouse, INPT, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986INPT040G.
Pełny tekst źródłaLanord, Magali. "La conservation des habitats naturels et de la faune sauvage : le droit communautaire et sa mise en oeuvre en France /". Clermont-Ferrand : [Paris] : Université d'Auvergne, Presses universitaires de la Faculté de droit de Clermont-Ferrand : [Fondation Varenne] ; [diff.] LGDJ, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39985510q.
Pełny tekst źródłaMichelot, Agnès. "Le principe de l'utilisation rationnelle en droit de l'environnement : une approche critique internationale et comparative à partir de la faune". Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOD009.
Pełny tekst źródłaAn important step in the elaboration of a new juridical logic essential to the construction of an order respectful of ecological balance was taken with the acknowledgement of the principle of rational use in international law and its introduction into the internal law of numerous countries. If one bears in mind the evolution of the relationship between men and wildlife, an analysis of the principle enables one to apprehend critically the way human societies make use of nature. Born of the collective realization of the fading of wildlife resources and the necessity of regulating the activities responsible for the destruction of species, the principle of rational use reveals, on one hand, its importance and, on the other hand, its limits and inadequacies when it comes to exploiting efficiently wildlife and considering more globally the protection of the biosphere. Whereas the prevailing economic logic is called into question, wildlife, when it is regarded as an underrated and overexploited natural resource, must be reconsidered in an ecological rationality. The thought of wildlife being a mere economic resource seems to be outmoded. The principle of rational use must develop around an "enriched vision" of wildlife, likely to make use of all its potentialities, while securing its preservation in the long term. Reappraised in an order within which values are not only economic any more, wildlife can be part of a model for "sustainable" development for the environment. Thus, the fact that countries which work with the international community, enforce principles of action, which aim at finding a new balance between men and nature, contributing to the construction of a new ecologic order which acknowledges the intrinsic value of natural elements without abandoning a humanistic conception
Scotto, Philippe. "Nécessité et faisabilité d'une démarche qualité de l'information : application au cas de l'agence internationale de l'énergie atomique, laboratoire d'environnement marin". Toulon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUL0007.
Pełny tekst źródłaAt the turn of the third millennium, globalization, and new information technology are about to develop radical changes in our society. In a world of constant crises, the manipulation of information has become commonplace. In order to give back some of its lost credibility, homo sapiens demens has had to have recourse to Science. Henceforth, the label "scientific" has become the guarantor of information quality. Thus, scientists have seen their responsibility and their role of counselor reinforced amongst political decision-makers. The idea behind the subject of this research stems from four years of labour dedicated to pollution control and protection of the marine environment. The root of the hypothesis is the following:there does not exist today in the domain of sensitive scientific information management and, more precisely, in the sector of radioactive contamination of the oceans and seas, any quality control system that covers all the production chain of this information, therefore guaranteeing the traceability of information, a condition that is necessary but alas insufficient for quality. A feasibility study carried out at the International Atomic Energy Agency on the certification of information quality arising from radioactive contamination in the marine environment permitted us to identify the various components of the production chain and to elaborate a Total Quality Control Management System (TQCMS). This approach contributes through the institutional capacity to manage sensitive scientific information, to the improvement of the quality of information and to the enhancement of the system as a whole
Nakanabo, Diallo Rozenn. "Politiques de la nature et nature de l’Etat : (re)déploiement de la souveraineté de l’Etat et action publique transnationale au Mozambique". Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40012/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaMozambique is a donor darling since independence in 1975, and more particularly since the Peace Agreement in 1992. As far as nature conservation is concerned, international donors take part to policymaking, including law making and daily management of national parks. Policymaking is thus transnational: narrations, funding and exogenous actors underline it. This work analyses this phenomenon at the top of the state, that is taking specifically into consideration administrative elites working in the tourism ministry (which is in charge of conservation matters) and in two national parks (Gorongosa and Limpopo). Thanks to a sociological study of policymaking, we show how Mozambican elites are located in a grey zone: they respond to donors (such as the World Bank), which pay them, but they are at the same time bound to the party-state Frelimo, at the head of the country ever since independence. Their mastery of donors’ worldviews goes together with the affirmation of a state’s perimeter of competences. In other words, our hypothesis considers these elites as taking part to the transnationalisation of policymaking, but simultaneously as asserting the state as a central actor, in spite of its weak capacities. In a counter-intuitive way, the state domination process can take place in an aid regime, which can even give birth to a (re)deployment of state sovereignty
Jobbitt, Steve. "Re-civilizing the land, conservation and postwar reconstruction in Ontario, 1939-1961". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ64723.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaOladeji, Sunday. "Commerce Nord-Sud et environnement : une approche technologique". Aix-Marseille 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX24007.
Pełny tekst źródłaValière, Nathaniel. "Amélioration et optimisation des méthodes non-invasives et des marqueurs microsatellites en biologie des populations et de la conservation". Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10075.
Pełny tekst źródłaMetaich, Mustapha. "Modélisation par un système dynamique et étude des solutions asymptotiques d'un écoulement de fluide échangeant de l'énergie avec l'extérieur : des points fixes aux cycles limites et aux attracteurs étranges". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ECAP0139.
Pełny tekst źródłaDenanot, Francis. "Techniques de sous-maillage dans la méthode FDTD : apports de l'approche variationnelle". Limoges, 2006. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/82d08f51-8ead-4da0-b529-8f4d0b6c370b/blobholder:0/2006LIMO0014.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this report we first derive a consistent three-dimensional subgridding scheme for the Finite Difference Time Domain method by using spatial and temporal interpolations. The refinement factor used is equal to two. Then, numerical reflexion and stability which have been obtained allow us to deal with scattering problems. We also study temporal and spatial algoritms separately, and we demonstrate the stability of the temporal algorithm by performing a large number of time steps for a scattering structure. Ln this way we show the instability of the spatial refinement algorithm, and we obtain a new method for constructing subgridding schemes. To finish this part we generalize our constructing method to schemes which have refinement factors more important like three, four, and five, and especially we demonstrate the stability of temporal algorithms which have this previous refinement factors. Ln the second part of this report we explain the fini te element method and the variational formulation presented by T. Fouquet in this thesis. Especially we propose a « traduction» of these mathematical methods by using a formulation based on the Ponyting theorem. This formulation is applied to derive two stable two-dimensional subgridding schemes in TE and TM propogating mode
Gilbert, Caroline. "Le comportement de thermorégulation sociale : Son importance pour l'économie d'énergie". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/GILBERT_Caroline_2006.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaMarin, Léon Rolando. "La conservation de la nature dans une perspective de développement durable : le cas du Costa Rica /". Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1990. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Pełny tekst źródłaGrenier, Christophe. "Réseaux contre nature : conservation, tourisme et migrations aux îles Galapagos (Équateur)". Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010685.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe Darwinian theory explains Galapagos nature peculiarity, whose islands were used along history as an open space by foreigners. Ecuador strengthened its sovereignty on the archipielago thanks to international laws, but the creation of a national park led to a process of destruction of galapagos singularity. For once nature was valued by a mediatic conservation policy, tourism networks could link galapagos to the world : today, islands nature is sold as a show for hurried visitors, and national park management ensures the profitability of the network tourism enterprises, most of them coming from abroad. Galapagos being a new province of Ecuador, the governments of the 1970' and the 1980' developed the islands economy. But the actual policy aims to reduce the insular touristic supply and thus the attraction of this booming market for the ecuadorians immigrants, because the fast growth of Galapagos population is dangerous while an increasing part of the archipielago conservation relies on funds provided by "ecotourism". The loss of insular patterns in the landscapes as in the way of life of the population is a strong process in the four inhabited islands as in the national park : the population is becoming poorer because it is kept off tourism economy, and a growing part of the islanders relying on export fisheries jobs reject conservation. Though the elaboration of many management plans, conservationnist organisations have little means, so numerous and profitable lootings take place in the national park. This failure is also nature conservation's one : only a geodiversity preservation policy, disconnecting galapagos from some networks, could stop the continentalisation of the islands and save their ecological and human characteristics
Allion, Audrey. "Environnement des bacteries et sensibilite aux biocides : mise au point d'une technique rapide pour determiner in situ l'efficacaite bactericide d'agents antimicrobiens". Massy, ENSIA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EIAA0140.
Pełny tekst źródłaLe, Corre Laurent. "Le traitement juridique des zones humides estuariennes". Nantes, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NANT4017.
Pełny tekst źródłaJolivet, Simon. "La conservation de la nature transfrontalière". Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0025/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe opposition between nature and boundaries is well known : whereas nature knows no boundaries, public law is spatially structured by boundaries. However, such an opposition is currently being overcome under the influence of several factors. First, environmental law creates new boundaries that are no longer modelled on human boundaries but on nature ones. The notions of ecological zoning and above all ecological network illustrate this trend. Then, environmental law uses transboundary cooperation to mitigate the effects of boundaries on nature. Eventually, a complementarity is asserted between environmental law and infra-State transboundary cooperation law. The right to cooperate has been recognized to regional and local authorities and to public establishments responsible for nature conservation. Besides, relatively appropriate tools have been made available for cooperation in nature conservation. Nevertheless, this complementarity is being tested by the significant differences that may exist between national laws of neighbouring countries and, above all, by the lack of accountability of infra-State cooperation actors with respect to international environmental obligations. Thus, within transboundary environmental law, the emerging sector of transboundary nature is not as mature as the older one related to transboundary pollutions
Vatin, Gabriel. "Formalisation d’un environnement d’aide à l’analyse géovisuelle : Application à la sécurité et sûreté de la maritimisation de l’energie". Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0095.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe maritime space is still a sensitive area due to many accidents and dangers, such as collisions or pirate attacks. In order to ensure the control of safety and security of this area, it is essential to study near real-time movement information (surveillance) or past events (analysis). These studies aim at detecting part of criminal activities, assumed risks, and breaches of regulation. Maritime operators are then faced to large set of movement data, which must be studied with maps and visualizations. However, their current tools are limited in terms of analysis capacities. The use of geovisual analytics has proved great effectiveness in the academic world, and could allow operators to discover knowledge within maritime traffic data. However, these are not used yet in the operational word for studying maritime risks.In this context, we propose a geovisual analytics support system that will guide in the analysis led by users, and in the use of these many visualizations. Our research methodology is based on the formalization of use cases, of users and of several visualization methods. Ontologies and rules are used to create a knowledge-based system, which is used to select adequate solutions for visualizing and analyzing movement data, applied to the maritime domain. Some examples of risk analysis at sea are then presented to illustrate its use
Chuenwattanapraniti, Chokchai. "Study of energy management strategies in the grid-connected photovoltaic system with energy storage". Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20158.
Pełny tekst źródłaLanord, Magali. "La Conservation des habitats naturels et de la faune sauvage : le droit communautaire et sa mise en oeuvre en France". Clermont 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF10251.
Pełny tekst źródłaBiodiversity is undergoing a period of regression as illustrated by the deterioration of natural sites and the disappearance of many animal species. Despite the boom in community laws ont the environment, agricultural and forestry policies have long played a role in this degradation
Aoudia, Hania. "Approches de routage adaptatif pour l'optimisation de la consommation énergétique dans les applications type RCSF". Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080077/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaManaging energy consumption is an unavoidable issue for a WSN design and implementation. Focusing lonely on a hardware solution to ensure an efficient of a running network while increasing its lifetime remains insufficient. It is therefore necessary to turn towards other software solutions that enable a better control of information processing from its source until its final destination by taking into account intrinsic characteristics of sensors, such as low storage and computing capabilities and associated energy constraints. A partial response to these needs requires the development of IT tools and protocolar strategies in low-power modes by implementing mechanisms based on information routing techniques. In this thesis, we propose and develop two hierarchized protocolar solutions HHRP and HRP-DCM. The first one implements an adaptive routing mechanism based on a nonlinear energy model and a concept of communication Son-Parent for a best paths selection by taking into account a set of critical parameters such as distance source-target, signal strength and energy consumption. However, the vicinity recognition phase requires the use of RSSI radio signals to estimate distances between sensor nodes. This can be considered as a major drawback since it may cause damage on routing performances and estimation error on RSSI measurements. These latters can be used for locating nodes only after a while since the stability of RSSI signal is guaranteed only belatedly Thus, the allocated time for recognition phase becomes significant, speeding up thereby energy consumption and thus reduces the lifetime of the network. In this context, we propose an alternative that bypasses the use of RSSI power signal in different levels of HHRP mechanism by implementing a hybrid routing approach based on a dynamic clustering mechanism HRP-DCM. This solution allows improvements in recognition and in paths optimization phases, both. It uses the concept of temporal distances calculation during network deployment. Thus, allocated time for network initialization is shortened mitigating in fact energy consumption and resources exploitation. Performance evaluation shows that HRP-DCM optimizes better network whatever its density compared to other solutions such as HHRP, TEEN and LEACH routing protocols