Artykuły w czasopismach: „Conducted and radiated EMI”

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Dong, Ying Hua, Mei Yin Liu i Lei Cao. "EMI Noise Testing and Diagnosis for PV Inverter". Advanced Materials Research 805-806 (wrzesień 2013): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.805-806.31.

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In this paper, a new method is proposed to test the conducted and radiated electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise of photovoltaic invert based on analysis the internal structure and measuring principle of artificial mains network, meanwhile, the power line radiated EMI noise of photovoltaic can also be estimated by CM noise current using current probe and CM noise extraction network. The experiment result show that the conducted EMI noise and radiated EMI noise of photovoltaic inverter can be test more reasonable by this method.

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Youssef, Moez, Giulio Antonini, Edith Clavel, James Roudet, S. Cristina i Antonio Orlandi. "Conducted and radiated EMI characterization of power electronics converter". Computer Standards & Interfaces 20, nr 6-7 (marzec 1999): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5489(99)91112-1.

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Stepins, Deniss, Aleksandrs Sokolovs, Janis Zakis i Ouseph Charles. "Wireless Battery Chargers Operating at Multiple Switching Frequencies with Improved Performance". Energies 16, nr 9 (27.04.2023): 3734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16093734.

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The operation of wireless battery chargers at multiple switching frequencies may lead to a noticeable suppression of conducted and radiated electromagnetic interference (EMI) at the cost of decreased efficiency (mainly at lower load resistances) and increased peak and root mean square values of currents of power components of the wireless battery charger. Moreover, the reduction in conducted EMI is only moderate (<8.3 dB). Therefore, a novel approach based on modified resonant circuits and a modified control technique to obtain better reduction in the conducted and radiated EMI without significantly compromising other performance characteristics of the wireless battery charger is proposed and validated by using simulations and experiments. It is shown in this paper that the wireless charger operating at multiple switching frequencies with the proposed approach for the performance improvement has a more effective implementation of the four-switching frequency spread-spectrum technique with better conducted and radiated EMI reduction at all load resistances, lower values of peak and RMS currents at all load resistances, and higher efficiency in constant current mode and in the beginning of constant voltage mode (at lower values of the load resistances) than that of the conventional wireless charger operating at multiple switching frequencies.

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Wong, Hei, Yan Chan i Sui Wah. "Electromagnetic interference of switching mode power regulator with chaotic frequency modulation". Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 15, nr 1 (2002): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee0201111w.

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In this work, we propose an improved switching scheme (called chaotic frequency modulation (CFM)) for switched-mode power supplies to suppress the electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise source. The basic principle of CFM is to use a chaotic signal to modulate the switching signal so that the harmonics of noise power is distributed evenly over the whole spectrum instead of concentrated at the switching frequency. When compared with the conventional pulse width modulation (PWM) scheme, significant improvements in both conducted and radiated EMI noise levels were found with the proposed CFM method. For conducted EMI, the peak noise level was reduced by 25 dB_V. For radiated EMI, we found that the noise was found mainly in the frequency range of 30 MHz to 230 MHz and the CFM scheme would help to reduce the peak noise level in this frequency range by 22 dB_V.

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Hariyawan, Mohammad Yanuar, i Noptin Harpawi Harpawi. "Modifikasi Frekuensi Switching pada LED Driver Menggunakan Oscillator Lorenz Analog untuk Mereduksi Conducted EMI". Jurnal Elektro dan Mesin Terapan 6, nr 2 (30.11.2020): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.35143/elementer.v6i2.3600.

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Lampu light emitting diode (LED) menjadi semakin populer digunakan dalam berbagai macam aplikasi, karena penggunaan daya yang rendah, efisiensi yang tinggi dan perawatan yang rendah. Untuk mencapai efisiensi yang tinggi dalam transfer energi pada catu daya LED, diterapkan switched mode power supply (SMPS). SMPS diimplementasikan dengan pulse width modulation (PWM) yang beroperasi pada frekuensi konstan. Frekuensi switching konstan menghasilkan emisi yang signifikan di sejumlah frekuensi, emisi ini dinamakan electromagnetic interference (EMI). EMI yang dihasilkan termasuk di dalamnya frekuensi operasi fundamental catu daya dan harmoniknya melalui mekanisme conducted dan radiated. Sebagai akibatnya, SMPS berpotensi tidak bisa memenuhi standar electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Modifikasi switching pada SMPS menggunakan teknik spread spectrum merupakan solusi yang murah dan berdaya guna dalam mitigasi EMI. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan modifikasi switching pada LED driver dengan sinyal chaotic Lorenz. Sinyal chaotic Lorenz diterapkan pada LED evaluation board kemudian dilihat kinerja EMI-nya dibandingkan saat LED driver bekerja dengan frekuensi konstan. Ketika diterapkan sinyal chaotic Lorenz terjadi penurunan level emisi EMI terbesar sebesar 16,5 dBÂµV.

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Posma, Siska Novita, Mohammad Yanuar Hariyawan i Oddy Rifandi. "Perancangan Filter EMI Pasif dalam Rangka Mitigasi Conducted emission pada Lampu LED". Jurnal Elektro dan Mesin Terapan 5, nr 2 (30.11.2019): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.35143/elementer.v5i2.3376.

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Lampu light emitting diode (LED) populer digunakan dalam berbagai macam aplikasi, karena penggunaan daya yang rendah, efisiensi yang tinggi dan perawatan yang rendah. Keuntungan LED lainnya adalah awet dan ramah lingkungan karena lebih sedikit mengandung komposisi zat beracun jika dibandingkan dengan jenis lampu lain. Untuk mencapai efisiensi yang tinggi dalam transfer energi pada catu daya LED, diterapkan topologi switched mode power supply (SMPS). SMPS diimplementasikan dengan pulse width modulation (PWM) yang beroperasi pada frekuensi konstan, menghasilkan emisi yang signifikan disejumlah frekuensi melalui mekanisme conducted dan radiated, emisi ini dinamakan electromagnetic interference (EMI). Sebagai akibatnya, banyak lampu LED berpotensi tidak bisa memenuhi standar electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Pada penelitian ini dilakukan perancangan dan implementasi filter EMI pasif untuk meredam conducted emission pada lampu LED yang ada dipasaran. Filter EMI pasif berupa low pass filter (LPF). Sebelum lampu LED diterapkan filter pasif EMI, conducted emission yang terukur melebihi standar regulasi CISPR 22 class B, nilai emisi tertinggi mencapai 82,5 dBÂµV pada frekuensi 299,25 kHz atau melebihi standar CISPR sebesar 30,9 dBÂµV. Saat filter pasif EMI dipasang lampu LED terjadi reduksi conducted emission pada rentang frekuensi 150kHz â€“ 1,65MHz dengan nilai rataâ€“rata sebesar 23,3 dBÂµV dan nilai reduksi maksimal sebesar 34,7 dBÂµV.

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Hou, Qun, Ya Ping Jin i Yi Fan Zhou. "Electromagnetic Interference Testing and Suppression Methods for Automotive Window Lifter Motor". Applied Mechanics and Materials 433-435 (październik 2013): 940–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.433-435.940.

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Window lifter motor is one of the potential electromagnetic interference (EMI) sources in automobile. Based on the research on the principle of Window lifter motor and the generation mechanism of EMI, its EMI characteristics are tested and analyzed. The EMI suppression methods are proposed. By comparing two filters methods,it shows that the designed filter suppresses the electromagnetic interference more effectively. Its conducted emission and radiated emission are lower than the second lever limits of CISPR 25-2007+.

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Ahmad, Fally, Mohammad Yanuar Hariyawan i Siska Novita Posma. "Perancangan Dan Implementasi Passive Emi Filter Pada Switching Mode Power Supply (SMPS)". Jurnal Elektro dan Mesin Terapan 5, nr 1 (2019): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35143/elementer.v5i1.2519.

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Kebutuhan akan perangkat elektronik dengan frekuensi yang tinggi menyebabkan meningkatnya jumlah Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) yang memiliki dua jenis yaitu Conducted Emission dan Radiated Emission. Solusi dari mitigasi EMI tersebut adalah dengan menggunakan filter EMI. Switching Mode Power Supply (SMPS) merupakan sumber daya bagi hampir seluruh perangkat elektronik, namun SMPS ini juga sumber EMI untuk perangkat lain atau bahkan perangkat itu sendiri. Banyak perangkat elektronik yang beredar dipasaran namun belum memenuhi standar EMC. Dalam hal ini mitigasi EMI yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan menggunakan filter EMI eksternal pasif. Dengan filter pasif ini EMI dari SMPS dapat diredam tanpa memerlukan energi tambahan untuk filter itu sendiri. Penelitian ini akan melakukan perancangan filter EMI untuk meredam noise conducted emission menggunakan sebuah passive EMI filter (PEF) pada SMPS. Filter PEF yang telah dirancang dan diujikan dapat digunakan pada SMPS 1 dan SMPS 2 dengan noise conducted emission sebelum filter sebesar 97,86 dBµV yang diredam menjadi 33 dBµV dan menghasilkan redaman noise conducted emission yang sangat baik (hingga 64,86 dBµV) dan memenuhi standar yang ditetapkan (CISPR22 Class B).

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Huang, Long, Fang Ping Yu, Tai Long Liu, Peng Li, Qi Dou Wu i Hua Biao Jin. "Study on EMI Reduction of DC-DC Buck Converter". Advanced Materials Research 893 (luty 2014): 742–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.893.742.

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DC-DC buck converter has been more widely used in automotive electronics because of its advantage of high efficiency and small size. However, it is one of the main causes of the conducted emission and radiation noise. The working principle and the mechanism of DC-DC buck converter which generate conducted emission and radiation noise in different frequency were analyzed. Then, two methods were proposed to reduce the low frequency radiated emission. One is weakening the AC current value of the inductor current through increasing the value of the output inductor, the other is reducing the loop area by adding the output filter, and both of the methods were verified by comparative test. Finally, the two schemes were used in designing the On-board controller, and it passed the radiated emissions (ALSE method) according to the international standard CISPR 25-2008.

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Tlig, M., J. Ben Hadj Slama i M. A. Belaid. "Conducted and radiated EMI evolution of power RF N-LDMOS after accelerated ageing tests". Microelectronics Reliability 53, nr 9-11 (wrzesień 2013): 1793–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2013.07.111.

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Wang, Chen. "Recent Advances in Electromagnetic Interference Suppression". Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 71 (28.11.2023): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v71i.12698.

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With the increasing popularity and complexity of electronic equipment, the problem of electromagnetic interference (EMI) has become increasingly prominent. Such interference can seriously affect the performance, reliability, and service life of the device and, in severe cases, may cause system failure or communication interruption. Existing EMI suppression techniques are widely used to address this issue, and this paper provides a comprehensive overview. Firstly, it introduces the impact and harm of EMI on us and then presents two forms of EMI, namely conducted EMI and radiated EMI, better to understand the sources and characteristics of these disturbances. Three different EMI filters, the advantages of soft switching compared to hard switching, the working principle of random modulation, and emerging trends in electromagnetic shielding are then analyzed and discussed. Finally, we comprehensively summarize the advantages and disadvantages of the above four methods and point out the possible limitations of each technique in practical applications. We also propose potential future research directions, which will help to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and promote the development of the field of EMI suppression.

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Minardi, Giovanni, Giuseppe Greco, Giovanni Vinci, Santi Agatino Rizzo, Nunzio Salerno i Gino Sorbello. "Electromagnetic Simulation Flow for Integrated Power Electronics Modules". Electronics 11, nr 16 (10.08.2022): 2498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11162498.

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The growing use of electric vehicles is requiring the implementation of power electronics applications with ever faster devices, such as silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFET, to reduce switching power losses and reach higher power density, with the final objective of improving performance and lowering the system cost. A side effect of such faster switching devices is the generation of high-frequency harmonics with significant energy, so their impact must be evaluated in terms of conducted and radiated electromagnetic interference (EMI). The optimal design of PCBs and filters for facing electromagnetic compatibility issues requires properly estimating the EMI level of different design solutions. Analysis of the current state of the art reveals that previous approaches can not effectively support a design focusing on a reduction in radiated EMI. To surpass these limits, the paper defines an electromagnetic simulation flow aimed at evaluating the radiative fields in the case of an integrated power electronics module operating in automotive applications and featuring fast SiC power devices. Then, the proposed simulation was applied to an LLC resonant converter featuring an STMicroelectronics SiC-based ACEPACK module. The work also highlights that future research efforts must concentrate on finding the best compromise between computational effort and estimation accuracy.

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M'barki, Zakaria, Kaoutar Senhaji Rhazi i Youssef Mejdoub. "A novel fuzzy logic control for a zero current switching-based buck converter to mitigate conducted electromagnetic interference". International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, nr 2 (1.04.2023): 1423. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i2.pp1423-1436.

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<span lang="EN-US">This research provides a new control technique for mitigating conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) in a buck converter designed for solar applications. Indeed, hard-switching direct current to direct current (DC-DC) converters, commonly used in industrial applications, pose a significant risk to the surrounding environment regarding electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Usually, the fast-switching phase induces abrupt changes in current and voltage, which adds to substantial electromagnetic interference in both conducted and radiated modes and excessive auditory noise. An architecture based on the duality of soft-switching topology and fuzzy logic control technology is developed to address these issues. On the one hand, resonant circuit topologies are used to induce switches to achieve soft switching conditions, which subsequently lessen the effects of EMI. On the other hand, the adoption of fuzzy logic control technology is interesting since it can reduce electrical stresses during switching. Furthermore, the simulation results show that zero current switching (ZCS) soft-switching closed-loop fuzzy logic converters outperform typical open-loop converters and soft-switching closed-loop converters with proportional integral (PI) control in terms of EMC requirements.</span>

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Tan, Ruoxi, Shangbin Ye, Cheng Yu, Chenghao Deng i Anjian Zhou. "Research on Electromagnetic-Radiated Emission of Multi-in-One Electric Drive System". World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, nr 3 (21.08.2021): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj12030127.

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The strong electromagnetic interference produced by the electric drive system is the main factor that leads to the strong radiated emission of electric vehicles. It is very important to study the influence of the electric drive system on vehicle-radiated emission by taking the common-mode current of the electric drive system as the interference source. In this paper, the conducted emission model of the electric drive system is proposed, and the common-mode current is calculated by this model. The influence of filter on the common-mode interference current of HVDC cables is calculated and analyzed, and then the radiating antenna effect model of HVDC cables is established. Based on this, a vehicle-level radiated emission simulation model including an electric drive system and DC cables was established. The effectiveness of the conducted emission model was verified by experiments. The effects of different shielding structures on the shielding efficiency of HVDC cables were compared. Quantitative guidance for EMI suppression design of multi-in-one electric drive system design can be provided by the model in this paper.

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M’barki, Zakaria, Kaoutar Senhaji Rhazi i Youssef Mejdoub. "A proposal of structure and control overcoming conducted electromagnetic interference in a buck converter". International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 13, nr 1 (1.03.2022): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v13.i1.pp380-389.

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This paper describes modelling a step-down chopper designed for a photovoltaic application to study its performance of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) in conducted mode. The EMC measurements attended at this stage have shown that the buck converter is a harmful device for its electromagnetic environment. Indeed, the fast-switching operation leads to higher levels of conducted and radiated electromagnetic interference (EMI) and subsequently facilitates the electromagnetic coupling with the surrounding environment. In this sense, we present a new proposal of structure and control based on a combination of two techniques, namely pseudo-random modulation and soft switching, thus minimizing the conducted electromagnetic emissions at the source. The usefulness of this new strategy, evaluated through a comparative study, lies in its efficiency compared to the classical PWM method, allowing both to reduce the rise of current and voltage gradients and spread the electromagnetic spectrum over a wide frequency range. The simulation results prove that a significant gain in EMC has been reached.

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Lee, Soongkeun, Changdae Joo i Taekue Kim. "A Study on EMI Noise Countermeasure Design of a Dishwasher". Electronics 13, nr 1 (25.12.2023): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13010094.

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In this paper, we introduce and propose a design strategy implemented to mitigate electromagnetic interface (EMI) issues arising from the switching circuitry of dishwashers, encompassing components such as inverters and switched-mode power supplies (SMPSs). The focus lies on addressing conducted emissions (CEs) by analyzing the impedance of the load and core characteristics at the current level to implement enhancements. Additionally, we describe the incorporation of a common mode (CM) core attachment design aimed at the resonance frequency of the motor, effectively blocking noise generated by this resonant frequency and thereby enhancing radiated power (RP). Also, we discuss the modeling of noise filters and the overall system, comparing impedance characteristics, and validating the effectiveness of the proposed improvements through standardized tests. Furthermore, practical application to mass-produced products is demonstrated by eliminating internal harness cores and designing noise filters to reduce their size, all within the context of dishwasher EMI countermeasures.

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SALEM, Mohamed, Mahmoud HAMOUDA i Jaleleddine BEN HADJ SLAMA. "Comparative study of conventional modulation schemes in terms of conducted and radiated EMI generated by three-phase inverters". TURKISH JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTER SCIENCES 25 (2017): 1599–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/elk-1508-61.

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Johnson, C. Mark, Jordi Espina, Behzad Ahmadi, Jingru Dai, Bassem Mouawad, Lee Empringham, Liliana De Lillo i Christina Dimarino. "Converter-Level Integration for Wide Band-Gap Automotive Power Electronics". International Symposium on Microelectronics 2018, nr 1 (1.10.2018): 000069–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4505-2018.1.000069.

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Abstract Wide band-gap (WBG) semiconductors offer many potential benefits to designers of power electronic systems. Lower switching losses allow operation at higher switching frequencies, which in principle allows a reduction in passive component values in many converter applications. However, efficient operation at higher switching frequencies requires increased voltage and current transition rates. With conventional packaging and circuit construction, parasitic inductance and capacitance can deteriorate converter performance, reducing efficiency and adding to the electromagnetic interference (EMI) emitted from the system. Outside the commutation cell, fast voltage transitions may lead to unacceptably high levels of conducted and radiated EMI, so approaches involving the local filtering of converter outputs are attractive. To mitigate these effects in conventional modules, switching speeds are often deliberately limited and the potential benefits of using WBG technologies cannot be fully realized. Here we examine the design and realization of Converter-in-Package (CiP) modular blocks for system power levels from 100s W to 100s kW, incorporating individual commutation cells with close-coupled gate drives, input/output filtering and reduced EMI. The concept is illustrated through the realization of a modular, segmented power converter for an integrated drive.

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Sai Charishma Pathala, Venkata, i V. Y. Jayasree Pappu. "Elimination of CM Noise from SMPS Circuit using EMI Filter". International journal of electrical and computer engineering systems 14, nr 4 (26.04.2023): 465–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32985/ijeces.14.4.10.

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The electronic devices are exposed to external electromagnetic signals that produce an unwanted signal called noise in the circuit, which causes electromagnetic interference [EMI] problems. It occurs in two modes: radiated mode and conducted mode. In the radiation mode, the shielding technique is used for radiation mode, in conduction mode filtering technique is used. The design of an EMI filter depends upon the type of noise generated by the Switched Mode Power supply circuit [SMPS]. The SMPS circuit used in this paper is a DC-DC power converter, the Boost converter is a step-up converter and Buck converter is step down converter are considered as equipment for generation of noise, the Line Impedance Stabilization Network [LISN]is used for generating the common output impedance to the power converters, the EMI filters are designed to eliminate noise generated by the circuits. There noise generated by this power converters is Common Mode [CM] noise and Differential Mode [DM] noise. The separation of noise from the equipment is done by using a noise separator. In this paper, CM noise generated by these power converters is eliminated by designing an EMI filter called an inductor filter and a PI filter. The comparison between the LC inductor filter and the PI filter for the boost and buck converters is observed. The PI filter has better performance characteristics when compared to the inductor filter for both SMPS circuits as per the Comité International Special des Perturbations Radioélectriques [CISPR] standards. This standard gives the conducted emission range for different electronic devices.

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Fu, Kaining, Wei Chen i Subin Lin. "A General Transformer Evaluation Method for Common-Mode Noise Behavior". Energies 12, nr 10 (23.05.2019): 1984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12101984.

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In isolated power converters, the transformer is a key part of voltage transformation and isolation. Since common-mode (CM) noise is rather difficult to suppress compared with different-mode (DM) noise, more and more scholars are paying attention to the characteristics of CM noise, especially in high-frequency CM noise behaviors. CM noise can be further divided into conducted CM noise and radiated CM noise, and the main focus of this paper is on conducted CM noise. The CM coupling capacitance of the transformer is one of the main contributors of CM noise, which has been verified in many previous studies. Hence, eliminating the CM noise in a transformer coupling path can significantly lower the whole CM noise level of the converter. Professional conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) testing instruments are quite expensive. In this paper, a general transformer evaluation technique for CM noise behavior is proposed. Only a signal generator and oscilloscope can achieve transformer CM noise behavior evaluation. PCB planar flyback transformers are designed, and a series of noise spectrums and voltage waveforms can verify the effectiveness of the proposed transformer evaluation method. The flyback adapter porotype can pass the EMI standard limited line EN55022 class B by the proposed evaluation method.

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Kara, Farid, Fadhéla Otmane, Samir Bellal, Amira Djenet Guerfi i S. Triaa. "Elaboration and Characterization of Cu Based Nanocomposites for Electromagnetic Interferences Shielding". Defect and Diffusion Forum 412 (12.11.2021): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.412.177.

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An electromagnetic interferences (EMI) shielding is a material that attenuates radiated electromagnetic energy. Polymer nanocomposites is a class of materials that combine electrical, thermal, dielectric, magnetic and/ or mechanical properties, which are useful for the suppression of electromagnetic interferences. In this work, we looked over the effectiveness of the electromagnetic interferences shielding of polymer-based nanocomposites. These are thin samples of epoxy resin strengthened with nanostructured Cu powders. Nanostructured Cu powders were obtained by mechanical milling using the high-energy RETSCH PM400 ball mill (200 rpm). A powder sampling was conducted after 3h, 6h, 12h, 24h, 33h, 46h and 58h milling for characterization requirements. XRD analysis via the Williamson-Hall method shows that the mean crystallites size decreases from 151.6 nm (pure Cu phase) to 13.8 nm (58 h milling). Simultaneously, the lattice strain increases from 0.1% (pure Cu phase) to 0.59% (58 h milling). The elaboration of thin samples was performed by mixing a vol./3 fractions of nanostructured Cu powder, epoxy resin and hardener. Thin slabs of 1 mm thickness were moulded for use in a rectangular wave-guide. The EMI shielding experimental involved a two ports S parameters cell measurement made of R120 metallic wave-guides of rectangular section (19.05x9.525 mm2) and operational over the frequency band of 9.84 to 15 GHz associated to a network analyser. Obtained results show moderate EMI shielding effectiveness for the milled Cu-based slabs.

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Arnaudov, Radosvet G. "Evaluation of Via Shielding on Parasitic Coupling, Cavity-Resonance Modes, and Radiation in Multilayer Packages". Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 6, nr 3 (1.07.2009): 172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/1551-4897-6.3.172.

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Electromagnetic cavity-resonance modes and parasitic coupling between excitation ports in parallel-plate solid planes of power-return and ground structures are investigated. Such structures are widely used in microwave multilayer packages (MCMs) and could be the source of considerable electromagnetic interference (EMI) or simultaneous switching noise (SSI). Effective methods should be applied for damping and elimination of the radiated fields, especially in small areas and volumes. The developed three-layered LTCC microwave package possesses two separate grounding planes on different levels, connected through multiple vias. The estimation of the electromagnetic field distribution and radiation is conducted by full-wave analysis of the proposed cavity-resonance models. The article also discusses the influence of the layout, vias grid distribution and material properties on the performance of the exemplary structure in the frequency band of interest, 10–30 GHz.

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Badini, Ludovico, Giordano Spadacini, Flavia Grassi, Sergio A. Pignari i Patrice Pelissou. "A Rationale for Statistical Correlation of Conducted and Radiated Susceptibility Testing in Aerospace EMC". IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility 59, nr 5 (październik 2017): 1576–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/temc.2017.2678762.

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Menzi, David, Dominik Bortis i Johann Kolar. "EMI Filter Design for a Three-Phase Buck–Boost Y-Inverter VSD With Unshielded Motor Cables Considering IEC 61800-3 Conducted and Radiated Emission Limits". IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 36, nr 11 (listopad 2021): 12919–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2021.3075785.

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Alhaj Hasan, Adnan, i Talgat Rashitovich Gazizov. "Ensuring the Reliability and EMC by Modal Reservation: A Brief History and Recent Advances". Symmetry 14, nr 11 (21.11.2022): 2466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14112466.

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With the growth of the radioelectronic complexity and the demand for cutting edge devices, the need to protect them and increase their reliability is also rising. There are many methods to provide this. Modal reservation is one of the most effective, reliable, and least complicated methods used nowadays. Using this method in tracing and mounting of printed circuit boards can guarantee both electromagnetic compatibility (by using modal filtering) and reliability (by using the cold redundancy) of the final electronic device. Modal reservation was proposed in 2015, and since then, massive research has been conducted on its investigations and development including 18 patents for inventions. Most of these studies have been devoted to modal reservation in terms of conducted emissions. However, up to now, a general and comprehensive review of modal reservation and investigations of its application with respect to radiated emissions has not been performed. Therefore, this paper aimed at presenting such a review on the history and recent research on modal reservation, concentrating on the studies related to radiated emissions. In addition, this paper analyzes current studies on the efficiency of using modal reservation under climatic impact.

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Brodecki, Dariusz, Ernest Stano, Mateusz Andrychowicz i Piotr Kaczmarek. "EMC of Wideband Power Sources". Energies 14, nr 5 (7.03.2021): 1457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051457.

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In this paper the results of the EMC tests of the wideband power sources: the PWM-based power source and audio power amplifier are discussed. They are intended to be used to supply the measuring system developed for evaluation of the wideband transformation accuracy of instrument transformers. Therefore, it is required to detect possible interferences that may be caused by the power supply to its operation and that may cause a decrease in its accuracy. The tests concern the conducted emission in the frequencies range from 150 kHz to 30 MHz and the radiated emission in the frequencies range from 30 MHz to 1 GHz. Moreover, the level of conducted disturbances in frequencies range from 100 Hz to 5 kHz generated into the supplying current is measured and the immunity of both wideband power sources to low frequency conductive disturbances in the supplying voltage and current is tested. Then, the voltage gain error and phase shift of the output voltage are measured. The EMC tests of both power sources show lack of compliance with the requirement of the standard IEC 61326-1. However, in system application of the audio power amplifier is possible if required increased immunity to conducted emission of the measuring system is ensured.

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Sulejmani, Emir, Michael Beltle i Stefan Tenbohlen. "EMC of Inductive Automotive Charging Systems According to Standard SAE J2954". Vehicles 5, nr 4 (28.10.2023): 1532–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vehicles5040083.

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To increase the acceptance of electric vehicles (EVs), inductive charging technology can be an important tool because of the simplified charging process for the user. This paper presents the fundamentals of wireless power transfer (WPT) for EVs, while focusing on electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). This work deals with the investigation of the conducted and field-bound interference emissions using a WPT system with a max. input power of 3.6 kW. During the research, a new frequency-tracking algorithm is developed, to find the optimal operating frequency at any coil misalignment. The impedance behavior as well as the possible interference paths are investigated, showing the great geometric influence of the test bench setup. The conducted interference currents are analyzed and subsequently filtered. The filter shows good performance in attenuating common mode currents. The measured radiated magnetic field is directly rated against the proposed limits of various standards. Finally, the EMC influence of the direct current (DC) power supply line to the inverter is examined, which is not defined precisely in the standard. This underlines the significance of a standardized test setup, since the limit values can be met under different geometric circumstances of the DC cable.

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Zhu, Zhibo, Wei Yan, Yongan Wang, Yang Zhao, Tao Zhang i Junshuo Huang. "Noise Analysis Method of Radiated EMI based on Non-linear Principal Component Analysis". Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 35, nr 10 (8.12.2020): 1144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.351006.

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Aiming at the radiated electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise of electronic equipment, a novel method of radiated EMI noise analysis based on non-linear principal component analysis (NLPCA) algorithm is proposed in this paper. In order to obtain multiple independent common-mode / differential-mode radiated sources, and to find the sources that cause the radiated noises that exceed the limit of standard, NLPCA algorithm is used to process the near-field radiated signals superimposed by multiple radiated sources. The simulation results show that NLPCA can successfully screen out the radiated EMI noises which exceed the limit of standard. Moreover, the experiments are carried out with three models: double-common-mode hybrid sources, double-differential-mode hybrid sources and common-differential-mode hybrid sources. Compared with the traditional independent component algorithm (ICA), the method proposed in this paper can separate the radiated EMI noise sources more accurately and quickly. It can be concluded that the accuracy of NLPCA algorithm is 10% higher than ICA algorithm. This work will contribute to trace the radiated EMI noise sources, and to provide the theoretical basis for the future suppression.

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Nagy, Lajos, i Tamás Kőnig. "An Experimental EMC Investigation of On-Board Interleaved Buck Converters". Energies 16, nr 9 (27.04.2023): 3732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16093732.

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On board a satellite, there are different devices that operate from a common energy source called a power bus. Since there are many devices connected to the same power bus and they are in the close vicinity of each other, it is important that they are able to function adequately in the electromagnetic environment of the satellite without introducing intolerable electromagnetic interference to other devices. On-board devices often require voltage levels different from the bus voltage to function, and this is often produced by switching-mode power supplies (SMPS). Their switching-mode operation guarantees that there is less power loss during conversion; however, they also emit conducted and radiated noises into the direction of the power bus and the payloads. In the case of multiple SMPS powered by the same power bus, we can interleave their switching periods. Thus, their noises will cancel each other out on their common input. In this study, we are going to demonstrate the noise reduction of the interleaving method with a setup consisting of two DC-DC converters connected to a simulated power bus.

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Fuji, Kiyotaka, i Yasuhiko Neba. "Electromagnetic Interference Characteristics and Reduction Using CISPR11 for a Medical Light Emitting Diode Drive DCDC Buck Converter". International Journal of Electronics and Electrical Engineering 9, nr 3 (wrzesień 2021): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijeee.9.3.78-82.

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Recently, many low-power LED (Light Emitting Diode) lighting fixtures that can contribute to a low-carbon society have been installed in clinical settings. However, since Alternating Current (AC) voltage cannot be used directly for LED devices, Direct Current (DC) voltage must be applied LED devices. For this reason, it is necessary for the LED equipment to install an ACDC power converter. A buck converter as an ACDC power converter is applied to the LED equipment, but Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) radiated from it has a strong influence on the wireless communication of a medical place. In particular, EMI radiated emission to medical telemeter systems using wireless communication becomes a significant problem of biomedical signal discontinuations. To investigate the EMI radiated strength, it must be measured using CISPR11 medical equipment international standard (International Special Committee on Radio Interference) on Limits and methods of measurement. This paper is focused on the LED drive DC power converter EMI radiated emission. The CISPR11 measurement EMI disturbance characteristics when a buck type current control DCDC buck converter circuit is used for the lighting of an LED device are shown. It is reported experimental results of EMI radiated emission characteristics improvement by changing the input and output circuit constants of the proposed circuit. Moreover, it is shown that can reduce to the floor noise level (background noise) when an output capacitor is inserted without an input filter.

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31

Gao, Feng, Chengkai Ye, Zilong Wang i Xu Li. "Improvement of Low-Frequency Radiated Emission in Electric Vehicle by Numerical Analysis". Journal of Control Science and Engineering 2018 (1.10.2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5956973.

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In this paper, a methodology for improving vehicle-level radiated electromagnetic interference (EMI) in electric vehicle (EV) is proposed. This methodology predicts vehicle-level radiated EMI by using the multiport network theory, based on analyzing the contribution from each electronic component to find out the main EMI source. To validate its effectiveness, the proposed methodology is applied in an actual EV for low-frequency radiated emissions. Simulation in a commercially available electromagnetics software and measurement in the EV are combined to predict the vehicle-level emissions, and then the electronic component with the greatest EMI that causes failure to meet the EMC standard is identified. After improving this component, the vehicle-level radiated emission is reduced to comply with the EMC standard, proving that the presented numerical method is effective. The proposed methodology can also be used in other EMC issues, regardless of the amount of interference sources and sensitive equipment.

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Arnautovski-Toseva, Vesna, Yanis Rousset, El Drissi i Leonid Grcev. "Radiated EMI from power converters". Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 2, nr 2 (2005): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee0502117a.

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With the continuous increase of switching frequency together with the ongoing trend to higher complexity and functionality, power converters as a part of electronic systems have raised more and more electromagnetic energy pollution to the local system environment. In the same time, stringent demands are imposed on the designers of new circuits that electromagnetic interference (EMI) has to be suppressed at its source before it is allowed to propagate into other circuits and systems. In this paper, the authors present a full-wave numerical method for calculation and simulation of electromagnetic field radiated by power converter circuitry. The main objective is to analyze the layout geometry in order to obtain competitive PCB layout that will enable suitably attenuated level of the radiated electric field to safe level. By this it would be possible to ensure reliable operation of the sensitive electronic components in the proximity.

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33

Liang, Zhen Guang, i Ming Yuan Yang. "Radiated Electromagnetic Interference of Electronic Equipment". Applied Mechanics and Materials 336-338 (lipiec 2013): 1469–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.336-338.1469.

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Radiated electromagnetic interference (EMI) is an important criterion for electronic equipment to be met. In the paper, radiated EMI generated by electronic equipment is discussed. Several radiation structures are presented and approximate expressions of maximum radiated electric field are given. In order to reduce radiation of electronic equipment, its important to eliminate unintentional antenna structure and reduce maximum size of aperture and slot on shielding enclosure.

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Zhu, Zhibo, Wei Yan, Yang Zhao, Xingfa Liu i Tao Zhang. "Separation of Radiated EMI Noise based on Joint Approximate Diagonalization Algorithm". Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 36, nr 1 (27.02.2021): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.360106.

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Power electronic devices and electrical equipment produce a large quantity of radiated electromagnetic interference (EMI) in the working process. Electromagnetic field analysis method of the near-field and far-field of the antenna can be employed to separate the radiated interference noises. However, the method has low separation accuracy and requires a lot of time. A novel method based on joint approximate diagonalization algorithm (JADA) to separate the radiated EMI noise is proposed in this paper. Compared with the traditional independent component algorithm method, the accuracy is improved by 14% and the efficiency is increased by 30%. The common-differential mode mixed noise source is taken as the experimental object to demonstrate the

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35

See, K. Y., i E. M. Freeman. "Modelling finite-size PCBs for radiated EMI analysis". Electronics Letters 33, nr 7 (1997): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19970399.

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Aiello, Orazio. "Electromagnetic Susceptibility of Battery Management Systems’ ICs for Electric Vehicles: Experimental Study". Electronics 9, nr 3 (19.03.2020): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9030510.

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The paper deals with the susceptibility to electromagnetic interference (EMI) of battery management systems (BMSs) for Li-ion and lithium-polymer (LiPo) battery packs employed in emerging electric and hybrid electric vehicles. A specific test board was developed to experimentally assess the EMI susceptibility of a BMS front-end integrated circuit by direct power injection (DPI) and radiated susceptibility measurements in an anechoic chamber. Experimental results are discussed in reference to the different setup, highlighting the related EMI-induced failure mechanisms observed during the tests.

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37

Kulanayagam, J., J. H. Hagmann, S. Schenke, K. F. Hoffmann i S. Dickmann. "Numerical modeling for heatsink emissions in power electronics". Advances in Radio Science 10 (18.09.2012): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-10-239-2012.

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Abstract. The parasitic coupling between power semiconductors and the heat sink is responsible for noise current in Switching Mode Power Supply (SMPS) systems. In this paper, the variations in the radiation characteristics of heatsinks are investigated with respect to their geometries by use of numerical models. Analyses are facilitated by using a mopole antenna as an EMI receiver and by using simplified heatsink models as EMI transmitters to model the heatsink radiated emissions. In addition, the analysis is confirmed using laboratory measurements.

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Mescco, Amilcar, Pascal Pagani, Michel Ney i Ahmed Zeddam. "Radiation Mitigation for Power Line Communications Using Time Reversal". Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/402514.

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Power Line Communication (PLC) is the response for nowadays high demand of multimedia services in domestic environment, not only for its fast and reliable transfer characteristics but also for its flexible low cost implementation, since the PLC technology uses the existing electrical network infrastructure and the omnipresent outlets throughout the home. The transfer of such a high bit rate through the mains network generates acceptable radiated emission regulated by international standards, but the increment in speed for new generation PLC may cause higher levels of emissions. This paper explains the use of the Time Reversal (TR) technique to mitigate radiated emissions from PLC systems. This method was probed experimentally in real electrical networks with excellent results: in 40% of the observations, the Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) generated by PLC transmission could be reduced by more than 3 dB, and this EMI mitigation factor could increase to more than 10 dB in particular configurations.

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39

Kerwien, Christopher M., i Charlotte Blair. "Shielding Effectiveness Simulation of SMT EMI Gaskets Utilizing ANSYS HFSS". International Symposium on Microelectronics 2017, nr 1 (1.10.2017): 000109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2017-tp43_081.

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Abstract As more components populate smaller board areas, the risk of unwanted coupling between components increases. Shielding and radiated emissions tests outlined by IEEE standards such as IEC 61000-4-21 and ASTM4935D identify measurement techniques to quantify shielding effectiveness. In a PCB topology, shields enclose components to create a Faraday cage, but necessitate a method to ground and fasten the shield to the PCB. Typical methods include the use of gaskets, sealants and clips. This paper reviews a gasket methodology and validates a parameterized ANSYS HFSS simulation with the measured relationship between gasket configuration and shielding effectiveness. Surface mount, rectangular, compressible gaskets manufactured by W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc. are used in several configurations to shield a PCB radiator. Radiated emissions measurements are performed in an ETS-Lindgren reverberation chamber to evaluate shielding effectiveness for each configuration. ANSYS HFSS, a full wave Finite Element Method (FEM) electromagnetic simulation solver, is used to simulate each geometric configuration and is verified with measured results.

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40

Hernando, M. M., A. Fernandez, M. Arias, M. Rodriguez, Yu Alvarez i F. Las-Heras. "EMI Radiated Noise Measurement System Using the Source Reconstruction Technique". IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 55, nr 9 (wrzesień 2008): 3258–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2008.928042.

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Laurin, J. J., S. G. Zaky i K. G. Balmain. "On the prediction of digital circuit susceptibility to radiated EMI". IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility 37, nr 4 (1995): 528–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/15.477337.

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Igarashi, Seiki, Satoki Takizawa, Kazuo Kuroki i Toshihisa Shimizu. "Analysis and reduction of radiated EMI noise from converter systems". Electrical Engineering in Japan 130, nr 1 (styczeń 2000): 106–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6416(200001)130:1<106::aid-eej13>3.0.co;2-3.

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Kunkel, G. M. "Shielding Effectiveness of EMI Gasketed Joints". Measurement and Control 24, nr 9 (listopad 1991): 282–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002029409102400903.

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EMI gaskets are used extensively by the electrical/electronic engineering community to assist in inhibiting the flow of radiated electromagnetic fields into and out of electronic equipment. Shielding effectiveness tests are used extensively by the manufacturers of EMI gaskets to grade their products. The assumption made by the design engineering community is that the shielding effectiveness as presented in the data is what they will receive in their equipment. This assumption is not true due to the errors associated with the shielding effectiveness testing of the gaskets where errors of as much as 80 dB (10 000 times) can be represented. The paper describes briefly the problems associated with the shielding effectiveness test methods currently used and provides a detailed method of calculating the shielding effectiveness of an EMI gasketed joint using transfer impedance test data.

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44

Wu, Cunxue, Feng Gao, Hanzhe Dai i Zilong Wang. "A Topology-Based Approach to Improve Vehicle-Level Electromagnetic Radiation". Electronics 8, nr 3 (25.03.2019): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8030364.

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The popularity of the electric vehicle (EV) brings us many challenges of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Automotive manufacturers are obliged to keep their products in compliance with EMC regulations. However, the EV is a complex system composed of various electromagnetic interferences (EMI), sensitive equipment and complicated coupling paths, which pose great challenges to the efficient troubleshooting of EMC problems. This paper presents an electromagnetic topology (EMT) based model and analysis method for vehicle-level EMI prediction, which decomposes an EV into multi-subsystems and transforms electromagnetic coupling paths into network parameters. This way, each part could be modelled separately with different technologies and vehicle-level EMI was able to be predicted by algebra calculations. The effectiveness of the proposed method was validated by comparing predicted vehicle-radiated emissions at low frequency with experimental results, and application to the troubleshooting of emission problems.

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Wibowo, Trifandi, Noptin Harpawi i Muhammad Yanuar Hariyawan. "Simulasi dan Perancangan Septum pada Gigahertz Transverse Electromagnetic (GTEM) Cell dalam Pengujian Radiated Emision". Jurnal Elektro dan Mesin Terapan 5, nr 2 (30.11.2019): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.35143/elementer.v5i2.2525.

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Gigahertz Transverse Electromagnetic Chamber (GTEM) cell merupakan suatu solusi dalam pengujian radiated immunity dan emission pada perangkat yang memancarkan sumber emisi (EMI). Septum GTEM cell yang berperan sebagai antena penerima radiasi dirancang menggunakan metode antena microstrip log periodic dipole array (LPDA). Sebelum diimplementasikan dalam perancangannya, karakteristik septum dilihat terlebih dahulu dari parameter return loss, VSWR dan gain yang dihasilkan. Desain dengan metode antena LPDA menggunakan spesifikasi khusus dengan parameter Ï„ = 0.871 dan Ïƒ = 0.161 untuk mendapatkan gain = 7 dB. Septum dirancang dengan frekuensi Ultra Wide Band (UWB) dengan range 300 MHz â€“ 1 GHz. Bahan substrat yang digunakan adalah FR4, dengan konstanta dielektrik sebesar 4.6 dan ketebalan 1.6 mm. Septum dirancang menggunakan simulasi CST sebelum diimplementasikan dalam pengujian radiated emision. Parameter yang dihasilkan dari hasil septum ini adalah nilai return loss -10 dB direntang frekuensi 300 MHz â€“ 1 GHz, sementara nilai return loss terendah adalah -60.34 dB pada frekuensi 682.2 MHz dan nilai VSWR >2 pada frekuensi 300 MHz â€“ 1 GHz dengan nilai VSWR terendah adalah 1.104 difrekuensi 552 MHz. Dari hasil pengukuran didapatkan gain sebesar 8.4 dBi dengan tipe polaradiasi directional. Septum yang dirancang berhasil melakukan pengukuran radiasi pada EMI source dan smartphone

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Noh, Eunchong, i Seung-Hwan Lee. "Analysis on Radiated EMI of Solid-State Transformer for a Train". Journal of the Korean Society for Railway 24, nr 1 (31.01.2021): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7782/jksr.2021.24.1.20.

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Biju, Shilpa, K. K. Abdul Majeed i Renjith V. Ravi. "Safeguarding railway communication signals from radiated intentional EMI from a train". International Journal of Information Technology 13, nr 3 (10.03.2021): 973–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41870-021-00637-7.

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Sujintanarat, Piyanuch, Piyapong Dangkham, S. Chaichana, K. Aunchaleevarapan i P. Teekaput. "Radiated EMI Recognition and Identification form PCB Configuration Using Neural Network". PIERS Online 3, nr 2 (2007): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2529/piers060907024549.

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Ala, G., M. C. Di P, G. Tine, F. Viola i G. Vitale. "Numerical simulation of radiated EMI in 42 V electrical automotive architectures". IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 42, nr 4 (kwiecień 2006): 879–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2006.871440.

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Middelstaedt, Lars, i Andreas Lindemann. "Methodology for analysing radiated EMI characteristics using transient time domain measurements". IET Power Electronics 9, nr 10 (sierpień 2016): 2013–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2015.0799.

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