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Szilágyi, Robert. "Study of partial discharge and gas breakdown phenomena at a triple junction under various pressure and temperature conditions". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPAST007.
Pełny tekst źródłaTriple junctions (between a gas, a solid insulator, and a conductor), which are present in numerous industrial applications, constitute a critical zone for the triggering of electrical discharges due to local reinforcement of the electric field. In addition, these triple points can be exposed to harsh environmental conditions. The aim of this study was therefore to come to a better understanding of the phenomena of partial discharge (PD) and gas breakdown from a triple junction under different pressure and temperature conditions. In particular, the Partial Discharge Inception Voltage (PDIV), the Partial Discharge Extinction Voltage (PDEV), and the Flashover Voltage (FOV) of surface breakdown of the solid insulator were examined.In this context, an experimental set-up was designed and operated in a nitrogen atmosphere ranging from 50 mbar to atmospheric pressure, for imposed temperatures varying from ambient to 400 °C. Particular attention was paid to aluminium oxide, a solid insulator material that can be used in this temperature range. The influence of temperature on PDIV (and PDEV) on the one hand, and FOV on the other, was characterised, analysed and interpreted by means of dielectric measurements, high-speed imagery and numerical simulations. Finally, under high temperature conditions and despite the precautions taken, an oxidation of the high voltage electrode was observed whose influence on the PDIV was analysed
Merlen, Alexandre. "Nanotubes de carbone monoparois dans des conditions extrêmes de pression et de température". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011014.
Pełny tekst źródłaBellanger, Mathieu. "Raccourcissement alpin du massif des Ecrins : cinématique, calendrier tectonique et conditions pression-température". Thesis, Orléans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ORLE2080/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis field-based study of the Ecrins massif (Western Alps, external zone) show that the Alpine shortening is accomodated within the basement by brittle-ductile top-to-the-west reverse shear zones (probably localized by half-graben) as well as by the thrust sheets of La Meije and Combeynot to the east of the massif. The N-S normal fault do not seems to be reactivated. These shear zones are characterized by a phengitisation of feldspars along anastomosing planes whose geometry reflect a strain gradient which explain the "basement folds" formation underlined by the geometry of Triassic teguments. The maximum temperatures reach by the cover, due to the burial under the internal nappes are close to the isotherms 335°C for a geothermal gradient close to 20-25°C.km-1 from Bourg d'Oisans to the Penninic Frontal Thrust (PFT). The shear zones were dated between 33 to 25 Ma (40Ar/39Ar on syn-kinematics phengites), suggesting that they were initiated slightly after the burial which start close to 34 Ma. The phyllonites show younger ages than mylonite; that argue a localization of the deformation along these anastomosing planes between 30 to 25Ma and traduce a weak crust. The NW-Se shortening observed alonf the PFT seems to be coeval with the E-W to NE-SW shortening of the Ecrins massif. A sinistrial transpressive diffuse shear zones between the Ecrins massif and the Ligurian Alps, which is probably a reactivated Liassic transfer zone, can explaina part of the Oligocene building kinematics of the Western Alps. During Miocence, the deformation is localized along a crustal thrust under the Belledonne massif, which has given the Vercors massif, and along the PFT, reactivated as a normal fault
Le, Goff E. "Conditions pression-température de la déformation dans les orthogneiss. Modèle thermodynamique et exemples naturels". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00655941.
Pełny tekst źródłaAmiguet, Élodie. "Déformation expérimentale de diopside dans les conditions de pression et température du manteau supérieur". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10001.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe plasticity of mineraIs under Earth's upper mantle conditions plays a major role in the processes that affect the dynamics of the Earth's interior. The properties of mantle mineraIs are still not weIl constrained. The purpose of this work is to study the deformation of clinopyroxenes (taking diopside as a proxy) under pressure since they are a major constituent of the upper mantle. Oriented single-crystals as weIl as polycristals of diopside were deformed under upper mantle pressures and temperatures. Deformation experiments have been conducted using a D-DIA multi-anvil press coupled with synchrotron radiation in order to perform in situ stress and strain measurements. The microstructures of deformed samples were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy. Mechanical data have enabled us to determine the high-pressure rheological law for 1/2 <110>{110} glide systems. At high pressure and temperatures, 1/2 <110> and [001] slips are dominant while [100] and [010] slips remain the hardest slip systems. VPSC modeIling based on our experimental results agree weIl with the textures observed in our experimentaIly deformed polycrystals as weIl as those in naturaIly deformed samples. We conclude that clinopyroxenes tend to reduce the upper mantle seismic anisotropy
Amiguet, Élodie. "Déformation expérimentale de diopside dans les conditions de pression et température du manteau supérieur". Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10001/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe plasticity of mineraIs under Earth's upper mantle conditions plays a major role in the processes that affect the dynamics of the Earth's interior. The properties of mantle mineraIs are still not weIl constrained. The purpose of this work is to study the deformation of clinopyroxenes (taking diopside as a proxy) under pressure since they are a major constituent of the upper mantle. Oriented single-crystals as weIl as polycristals of diopside were deformed under upper mantle pressures and temperatures. Deformation experiments have been conducted using a D-DIA multi-anvil press coupled with synchrotron radiation in order to perform in situ stress and strain measurements. The microstructures of deformed samples were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy. Mechanical data have enabled us to determine the high-pressure rheological law for 1/2 <110>{110} glide systems. At high pressure and temperatures, 1/2 <110> and [001] slips are dominant while [100] and [010] slips remain the hardest slip systems. VPSC modeIling based on our experimental results agree weIl with the textures observed in our experimentaIly deformed polycrystals as weIl as those in naturaIly deformed samples. We conclude that clinopyroxenes tend to reduce the upper mantle seismic anisotropy
Gross-Lorgouillux, Marion. "Zéolithisation de cendres volantes de charbon dans des conditions douces de température et de pression". Mulhouse, 2007. https://www.learning-center.uha.fr/opac/resource/zeolithisation-de-cendres-volantes-de-charbon-dans-des-conditions-douces-de-temperature-et-de-pressi/BUS4101683.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe amount of fly ashes (FAs) produced by the coal combustion in thermal power stations is huge, and even if part of these FAs is reused, their applications have a low-added-value. As the FAs are rich in Si and Al, they can be seen as potential sources for the synthesis of zeolites. These aluminosilicate materials are microporous and display a high added value. Recently, many studies have been devoted to the conversion of FAs into various zeolites. Generally, the FA transformation is performed by a hydrothermal synthesis close or above 100 °C and at autogeneous pressure. The originality of this study is the development of a cost-saving process allowing the FA transformation into zeolite by a hydrothermal reaction at low temperature (below 50 °C) and at atmospheric pressure. The FAs were first characterised by different techniques, the most important objective being the determination of their mineralogical composition (quartz, mullite and amorphous phase) but also of their reactivity. Then, the synthesis consists simply in the addition of a NaOH solution to the FAs. The needed NaOH and water amounts were optimised in order to form an X-type faujasite, the Al2O3/SiO2 ratio (x) of the synthesis medium being fixed by the chemical composition of the FAs. Using this composition (1SiO2: xAl2O3: 3,8NaOH: 73,5H2O), the transformation kinetics of the FAs were studied at 30 and 50 °C by different methods (XRD, nitrogen adsorption, solid state NMR, atomic absorption spectroscopy, and SEM), and a transformation mechanism is proposed. Whatever the temperature and the synthesis time, the solid obtained is a mixture of faujasite, and residual quartz, mullite and amorphous phase from the FAs, but it contains also traces of two other zeolites, namely NaP1 zeolite and chabazite. The temperature increase from 30 to 50 °C speeds up the reaction, but finally, the maximal conversion rates reached at both temperatures are close: about 25 to 30 %. Other experiments were performed in order to increase the conversion yield, i. E. The addition of silica to the synthesis medium or an indirect synthesis method consisting in an acid treatment (HCl) of the FAs prior to the classic hydrothermal reaction. These experiments allowed increasing the conversion rate which is, in the most favourable case, above 50 % offaujasite in the final dried product of the synthesis
Li, Hao. "Appproche structurale in situ des milieux fondus sous conditions extrêmes de température et de pression". Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2054/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaReal time thermal remote sensing of active volcanic systems is a crucial technique for understanding the behavior and eruptive activity of hot magmatic bodies. Such technology relies on determining the thermal emissivity of the magma, a parameter to identify the temperature of magma. We used a direct method to obtain a spectrum in the wavenumber range from 400 to 13000 cm-1; the natural (volcano Erebus and Teide) and synthetic samples were heated up from room temperature to 2000K with a CO2 laser and data were collected during all the heating stage with a FTIR spectrometer.Our results thus indicate that thermal emissivity of magmatic rock is affected by changes in composition and thermal history. The emissivity measurements show the important role of the iron and the cooling rate on the spectral response of the phonolite composition. These are important observations since different emissivity will lead to different temperature determinations and hence, an erroneous interpretation on the rheology and thermal efficiency of the magmatic body
Meducin, Fabienne. "Etude des phases silicatées du ciment hydraté sous haute pression et haute température". Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066337.
Pełny tekst źródłaPhilippe, Julien. "Développement d'une presse portative pour les études in et ex situ sous conditions extrêmes de pression, température et déformation". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066008.
Pełny tekst źródłaHigh pressures are essential in several scientific field. This will be the case in this thesis with the development of a new device enabling new possibilities tomography and deformation under high pressure and high temperature. It brings the possibility of further scientific studies in the various disciplines that are Earth science, mechanical chemistry, physics of materials and liquids physics
Boccato, Silvia. "Etude de la structure locale des métaux 3d liquides en conditions extrêmes de pression et température". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY093/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaUnderstanding the physical phenomena of our planet requires the capability to investigate the structural and thermodynamic properties of liquid-state materials present in the Earth's outer core. Thus, the melting curves of nickel and cobalt allow to constrain the temperature at the inner core boundary (ICB).This Thesis presents the study of the melting curves and the local structure of nickel and cobalt under extreme conditions. The experimental analysis was performed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), technique ideal for the study of the local structure. Ab-initio calculations were performed as well in order to validate the melting criterion adopted and to provide starting radial distribution function for the analysis of the local structure.The melting curves of nickel and cobalt were determined with the XAS melting criterion recently proposed for iron. The criterion consists in the flattening of the shoulder and the disappearance of the first two oscillations in the X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES). It has been validated with Focused Ion Beam (FIB) coupled with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis on the recovered samples, by means of a detection of textural changes in the sample. The melting temperature was detected for nickel and cobalt at different pressures, thus providing a measurement of the melting curve up to 1 Mbar for the two materials.A comparison of the melting curves of nickel and cobalt with iron shows that the presence of these two materials in the outer core of Earth gives a negligible contribution for the determination of the geotherm at the inner core boundary.Ab-initio calculations performed on cobalt provided an additional confirmation of the XAS melting criterion adopted. Moreover they permitted to understand that the flattening of the oscillations in the XANES is due to the smearing of the structures in the density of the p states linked to the different environments surrounding each absorbing atom in the liquid.These calculations allowed as well to evaluate the compression of liquid cobalt at 5000 K and provided a starting radial distribution function for the analysis of the experimental Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) extracted from the measured XAS.The EXAFS of the liquids along the melting curve was analysed providing a measurement of the first neighbour distance in the liquid as a function of pressure for both nickel and cobalt. In the two cases our experimental results show slightly less compression than theoretically predicted. This can be interpreted as a first neighbour bond that at higher pressures is slightly more rigid than predicted or as due to an increase of 10-20% of the coordination number.Combined to theory, our experimental observation suggests that the local structure of liquid Co and Ni increasingly deviates from a hard sphere model with P and T along the melting curve.In conclusion, we have developed a protocol that allows validating the melting criterion for a given solid structure. In this work it has been applied to 3d metals with fcc structures and it can be applied to other structures.The presence of nickel and cobalt in the outer core of Earth was found to be irrelevant for the determination of the temperature at the ICB.XAS was shown to be an adequate technique to measure the first neighbour bond under extreme conditions, although both experiment and theory have large margin for improvement. The application of this method to more complex liquid alloys opens the way to investigation of relevant geophysical systems
Queyroux, Jean-Antoine. "Fusion, structure et diagramme de phases des glaces d’eau et d’ammoniac sous conditions extrêmes de pression et de température". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066514.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe objective of this thesis is to explore melting curves, structures and phase diagrams of H2O and NH3 at high pressure and high temperature. Despite the several studies on these compounds, there are significant uncertainties in their phase diagrams. In this work, new experimental approaches of X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering resulted in new data on phase diagrams, melting and chemical stability of NH3 and H2O in a wide range of P-T (P<70 GPa, T<3000 K). For NH3, we have determined the melting curve up to 40 GPa and 2300 K. The melting temperature increases monotonically with pressure, contrary to a previous study but in accordance with theoretical predictions. We observe a chemical decomposition of NH3 into N2 and H2 at high temperature, the importance of this decomposition varies with pressure. Exploration of the phase diagram made it possible to constrain the position of the triple point NH3-III/superionic/fluid. We also present the first data on the evolution of the structure and density of NH3 liquid with variable pressure at 800 K. For H2O, we have determined the melting curve up to 45 GPa and 1500 K. We note a slope failure towards 15 GPa and a higher melting temperature than predicted by the extrapolation of the low pressure data, in better agreement with the "upper limit" of the melting curves of the literature. In addition, we observe indications of a phase transition beyond 25 GPa and 1000 K towards a cubic phase centred that is different of phase VII. The possibility of this phase being superionic is discussed
Queyroux, Jean-Antoine. "Fusion, structure et diagramme de phases des glaces d’eau et d’ammoniac sous conditions extrêmes de pression et de température". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2017PA066514.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe objective of this thesis is to explore melting curves, structures and phase diagrams of H2O and NH3 at high pressure and high temperature. Despite the several studies on these compounds, there are significant uncertainties in their phase diagrams. In this work, new experimental approaches of X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering resulted in new data on phase diagrams, melting and chemical stability of NH3 and H2O in a wide range of P-T (P<70 GPa, T<3000 K). For NH3, we have determined the melting curve up to 40 GPa and 2300 K. The melting temperature increases monotonically with pressure, contrary to a previous study but in accordance with theoretical predictions. We observe a chemical decomposition of NH3 into N2 and H2 at high temperature, the importance of this decomposition varies with pressure. Exploration of the phase diagram made it possible to constrain the position of the triple point NH3-III/superionic/fluid. We also present the first data on the evolution of the structure and density of NH3 liquid with variable pressure at 800 K. For H2O, we have determined the melting curve up to 45 GPa and 1500 K. We note a slope failure towards 15 GPa and a higher melting temperature than predicted by the extrapolation of the low pressure data, in better agreement with the "upper limit" of the melting curves of the literature. In addition, we observe indications of a phase transition beyond 25 GPa and 1000 K towards a cubic phase centred that is different of phase VII. The possibility of this phase being superionic is discussed
Meyer, Nadège. "Simulation numérique de la viscosité de liquides : effets des paramètres d'interaction, de la température et de la pression sous conditions ambiantes et extrêmes". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0293/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work is devoted to the study of the shear viscosity by numerical simulation of equilibrium classical molecular dynamics with a particular attention to the influence of high pressures on this property. From trajectories generated by these simulations and using the Grenn-Kubo formula, the viscosity is obtained. A broad range of systems has been studied, covering from pure atomic fluids to a molecular liquid, as well as binary mixtures. First, we focused on alkali metals. The main outcome of this study is that the viscosity of these metals has a universal behavior over a wide range of phase diagram. Furthermore, over this interval, the universal relation that we have proposed permits the prediction of the viscosity value of any elements with an uncertainty lower than 10%. The validity of the Stokes-Einstein relation, connecting the self-diffusion coefficient and the viscosity, has also been verified. Then, a systematic study has been carried out on model mixtures of Lennard-Jones fluids to test the influence of interaction parameters on the viscosity behavior. A theoretical estimation based on the effective one-component fluid model has been proposed. Moreover, the Stokes-Einstein relation has been successfully extended to mixtures. These observations have been compared with two real alloys: K-Cs and Li-Bi. Lastly, a preliminary study on water has been undertaken by modeling the interactions with two models: SPC/E, non-polarizable and BK3, polarizable. The effect of the introduction of the polarizability on the viscosity has been studied. The validity of Stokes-Einstein and Stokes-Einstein-Debye, involving the rotation of the molecule, has been evaluated under very high pressure
Czerniak, Marilyne. "Oxydation et recombinaison catalytique à la surface de matériaux céramiques soumis à des conditions de rentrée atmosphérique terrestre (Haute température, plasma basse pression d'air)". Bordeaux 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR10535.
Pełny tekst źródłaSavary, Véronique. "Histoire thermique et conditions rédox des zones de réactions d'Oklo (Gabon)". Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10395.
Pełny tekst źródłaPlennevaux, Cécile. "Etude des risques de corrosion et de rupture différée des aciers en présence d'H2S dans les conditions d'exploration de pétrole et de gaz à haute pression et haute température". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAL0101.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe production of high pressure (HP) and high temperature (HT) wells has considerably increased in the last decade. It is therefore needed to reassess the risks of corrosion in always more severe environments. This work was three fold to better assess the risk of Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) in these environments. Firstly, there was a need to improve prediction methods for the evaluation of HP/HT environments severity, especially the in situ pH calculation. A model was which taking into account the non-ideal behaviour of gas and liquid phases in equilibrium. The determination of the in situ pH and the acid gas fugacity at high pressure and high temperature is more accurate. In a second part of the work, the impact of CO2 partial pressure (PCO2) on surface reactions and hence on the risk of SSC was examined. Electrochemical and hydrogen permeation measurements in the absence of an iron sulphide film showed that CO2 induces an increase of both cathodic reactions kinetics and hydrogen charging in the steel, especially at low H2S partial pressure (PH2S). In the last part of this work, SSC tests were performed at constant pH and constant PH2S, with various PCO2 from 0 to 100 bar. The objective was to experimentally confirm that increasing PCO2 increases the SSC risk, as inferred from the electrochemical study. Unfortunately, experimental artefacts linked with autoclave test conditions did not lead to clear conclusions on this point. However, this work shows that conventional tools might lead to underestimate SSC risks at high PCO2 and low PH2S. In these specific conditions, the new results presented in this report may contribute to improve materials selection criteria for high pressure and high temperature conditions
Plennevaux, Cécile. "Etude des risques de corrosion et de rupture différée des aciers en présence d'H2S dans les conditions d'exploration de pétrole et de gaz à haute pression et haute température". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAL0101.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe production of high pressure (HP) and high temperature (HT) wells has considerably increased in the last decade. It is therefore needed to reassess the risks of corrosion in always more severe environments. This work was three fold to better assess the risk of Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) in these environments. Firstly, there was a need to improve prediction methods for the evaluation of HP/HT environments severity, especially the in situ pH calculation. A model was which taking into account the non-ideal behaviour of gas and liquid phases in equilibrium. The determination of the in situ pH and the acid gas fugacity at high pressure and high temperature is more accurate. In a second part of the work, the impact of CO2 partial pressure (PCO2) on surface reactions and hence on the risk of SSC was examined. Electrochemical and hydrogen permeation measurements in the absence of an iron sulphide film showed that CO2 induces an increase of both cathodic reactions kinetics and hydrogen charging in the steel, especially at low H2S partial pressure (PH2S). In the last part of this work, SSC tests were performed at constant pH and constant PH2S, with various PCO2 from 0 to 100 bar. The objective was to experimentally confirm that increasing PCO2 increases the SSC risk, as inferred from the electrochemical study. Unfortunately, experimental artefacts linked with autoclave test conditions did not lead to clear conclusions on this point. However, this work shows that conventional tools might lead to underestimate SSC risks at high PCO2 and low PH2S. In these specific conditions, the new results presented in this report may contribute to improve materials selection criteria for high pressure and high temperature conditions
Kledy, Michel. "Développement d'une méthode de mesure des champs de vitesse et de température liquide en écoulement diphasique bouillant en conditions réacteurs ou simulantes". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI035.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis study is a contribution to the comprehension of high pressure boiling flows relative to PWR.The first part exposes a two-dimensional unsteady state model in order to predict the development of a boiling flow in a circular pipe. The local mixture balanced equations are used with a relaxation model to close the vapor production rate (local homogeneous relaxation model). The results obtained from the comparison with the data bank DEBORA reveal a good qualitative agreement. Nerveless, the model is currently unable to correctly describe radial transports of turbulence and vapor fraction from the heated wall to the center of the pipe.The second part deals with the use of hot wire anemometry in experimental loop DEBORA to provide radial distributions of mean liquid velocity, mean liquid temperature and void fraction in a boiling flow. Classical hot wire probes are used (DANTEC@ hot film and hot wire probes) and are driven at different overheats using a constant current anemometer. Some measurements are first performed in single phase heated flows. Then, a phase identification procedure is developed, and some boiling flow measurements are obtained and compared with the model
Nilaphai, Ob. "Vaporization and Combustion Processes of Alcohols and Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE) blended in n-Dodecane for High Pressure-High Temperature Conditions : Application to Compression Ignition Engine". Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2020/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe growing concern in recent decades, linked to the depletion of oil resources and global warming by greenhouse gases has increased the interest of butanol as an alternative fuel in the transport sector. However, the low yield of production and separation processes still prevents its commercialization as a fuel. Therefore, the intermediate fermentation mixture of butanol production, Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE), is increasingly considered as a potential alternative fuel because of its similar properties to butanol and its advantages in terms of the energy and cost in the separation process.The context of this work aims to study the impact of fuel properties on the spray and combustion processes of ABE mixture and alcohol fuels, blended with the diesel surrogate fuel, n-dodecane, in different volume ratio from 20% to 50%. A new combustion chamber called "New One Shot Engine," was designed and developed to reach the high-pressure and high temperatureconditions of "Spray-A" (60 bar, 800-900 K and 22.8 kg/m³) defined by the Engine Combustion Network (ECN).The macroscopic spray and combustion parameters were characterized by using the several optical techniques (extinction,Schlieren, chemiluminescence of OH*) under non-reactive (pure Nitrogen) and reactive (15% of oxygen) conditions. These experimental results not only made it possible to study the molecular oxygen impact and provide a new accurate database,but also to affirm the possibility of using ABE up to 20% by volume in compression-ignition engines, as its spray and combustion characteristics similar to conventional diesel fuel
Dahire, Mohamed. "Granites et leucogranites péralumineux du Brezouard et du Bilstein (Vosges moyennes) : caractères pétrographiques, géochimiques et minéralogiques". Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10027.
Pełny tekst źródłaBoutiche, Mohamed. "Stabilité physico-chimique des smectites et de l'illite en présence de solutions chargées en électrolytes : étude expérimentale à 150°C". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL057N.
Pełny tekst źródłaOngen, Sinan. "Les échanges métasomatiques entre granitoïdes et encaissants particuliers (calcaires, dolomies, ultrabasites, séries manganésifères) : l’exemple de la péninsule de Biga, Anatolie nord-ouest, Turquie". Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10349.
Pełny tekst źródłaBastoul, Abdelmajid. "Origine et évolution des fluides hydro-carbo-azotés dans les formations métamorphiques : relations avec les minéralisations associées (u, au, graphite)". Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10390.
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