Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Conceptual integration

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Conceptual integration”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 27 kwietnia 2022

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Conceptual integration"

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Fauconnier, Gilles, i Mark Turner. "Conceptual Integration Networks". Cognitive Science 22, nr 2 (marzec 1998): 133–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog2202_1.

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McNaughton, Kathryn A., Nancy J. Browne, Elizabeth N. Cooper i Mhairi(vi) Maeers. "Moving toward Conceptual Integration". Action in Teacher Education 21, nr 2 (lipiec 1999): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01626620.1999.10462960.

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Ritchie, L. David. "Lost in "Conceptual Space": Metaphors of Conceptual Integration". Metaphor and Symbol 19, nr 1 (styczeń 2004): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327868ms1901_2.

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Goodstadt, Michael S., Robert I. Simpson i Peter O. Loranger. "Health Promotion: A Conceptual Integration". American Journal of Health Promotion 1, nr 3 (grudzień 1986): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-1.3.58.

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Kim Haknoh. "Allelosubjective Integration: A Conceptual Inquiry". Korea and World Politics 27, nr 3 (wrzesień 2011): 29–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17331/kwp.2011.27.3.002.

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Mirbel, Isabelle. "Semantic integration of conceptual schemas". Data & Knowledge Engineering 21, nr 2 (styczeń 1997): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-023x(97)80001-d.

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Ager, A., i A. Strang. "Understanding Integration: A Conceptual Framework". Journal of Refugee Studies 21, nr 2 (18.04.2008): 166–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fen016.

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Tunner, Mark, i Gilles Fauconnier. "Conceptual Integration and Formal Expression". Metaphor and Symbolic Activity 10, nr 3 (wrzesień 1995): 183–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327868ms1003_3.

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Zawada, Britta. "Conceptual integration and intercategorial polysemy". Language Matters 38, nr 1 (czerwiec 2007): 150–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10228190701640124.

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Hansen, Rasmus Sommer. "In Defence of Conceptual Integration". Res Publica 23, nr 3 (23.09.2016): 349–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11158-016-9326-1.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Conceptual integration"

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Souza, J. M. de. "Software tools for conceptual schema integration". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373740.

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Guthormsen, Amy. "Conceptual integration of mathematical and semantic knowledge /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8995.

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Chai, Sonny T. "Landing gear integration in aircraft conceptual design". Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09182008-063506/.

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Srinivasan, Uma Computer Science &amp Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "A FRAMEWORK FOR CONCEPTUAL INTEGRATION OF HETEROGENEOUS DATABASES". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Computer Science and Engineering, 1997. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/33463.

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Autonomy of operations combined with decentralised management of data has given rise to a number of heterogeneous databases or information systems within an enterprise. These systems are often incompatible in structure as well as content and hence difficult to integrate. This thesis investigates the problem of heterogeneous database integration, in order to meet the increasing demand for obtaining meaningful information from multiple databases without disturbing local autonomy. In spite of heterogeneity, the unity of overall purpose within a common application domain, nevertheless, provides a degree of semantic similarity which manifests itself in the form of similar data structures and common usage patterns of existing information systems. This work introduces a conceptual integration approach that exploits the similarity in meta level information in existing systems and performs metadata mining on database objects to discover a set of concepts common to heterogeneous databases within the same application domain. The conceptual integration approach proposed here utilises the background knowledge available in database structures and usage patterns and generates a set of concepts that serve as a domain abstraction and provide a conceptual layer above existing legacy systems. This conceptual layer is further utilised by an information re-engineering framework that customises and packages information to reflect the unique needs of different user groups within the application domain. The architecture of the information re-engineering framework is based on an object-oriented model that represents the discovered concepts as customised application objects for each distinct user group.
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Chen, Zhaohong. "Query processor for the conceptual integration modeling framework". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/40276.

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A data warehouse is a giant information pot made by integrating data from different data sources. Its schema can easily become complicated in order to hold all historical data. This complexity can confuse end users. The Conceptual Integration Modeling (CIM) framework was proposed to bridge the gap between users and the schema by adding a user-defined conceptual layer. This thesis aims to fulfill the query processor component in the CIM framework. Traditional query languages like SQL require a relatively tough learning curve, which is too dynamic for business users. Instead we propose a new CIM query language and a query interface to work with the visual representation of the CIM framework. This query interface only focuses on user needs and hides unnecessary implementation details to the back end. Thus, it is easy for business users to pose queries. In addition, we also do some optimization on the query processor by selecting views to materialize. Our proposed algorithm can achieve the lower performance bound of 46.7% of the optimal solution.
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Srinivasan, Uma. "A framwork for conceptual integration of heterogeneous databases". [Sydney : University of New South Wales], 1997. http://www.library.unsw.edu.au/%7Ethesis/adt-NUN/public/adt-NUN1998.0002/.

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Benjamin, Brandon Lee. "IDENTICAL CONSTITUENT COMPOUNDING: A CONCEPTUAL INTEGRATION-BASED MODEL". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1522462466118861.

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Ekaterina, Guseva. "The Conceptual Integration Modelling Framework: Semantics and Query Answering". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/33464.

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In the context of business intelligence (BI), the accuracy and accessibility of information consolidation play an important role. Integrating data from different sources involves its transformation according to constraints expressed in an appropriate language. The Conceptual Integration Modelling framework (CIM) acts as such a language. The CIM is aimed to allow business users to specify what information is needed in a simplified and comprehensive language. Achieving this requires raising the level of abstraction to the conceptual level, so that users are able to pose queries expressed in a conceptual query language (CQL). The CIM is comprised of three facets: an Extended Entity Relationship (EER) model (a high level conceptual model that is used to design databases), a conceptual schema against which users pose their queries, a relational multidimensional model that represents data sources, and mappings between the conceptual schema and sources. Such mappings can be specified in two ways: in the first scenario, the so-called global-as-view (GAV), the global schema is mapped to views over the relational sources by specifying how to obtain tuples of the global relation from tuples in the sources. In the second scenario, sources may contain less detailed information (a more aggregated data) so the local relations are defined as views over global relations that is called as local-as-view (LAV). In this thesis, we address the problem of expressibility and decidability of queries written in CQL. We first define the semantics of the CIM by translating the conceptual model so we could translate it into a set of first order sentences containing a class of conceptual dependencies (CDs) - tuple-generating dependencies (TGDs) and equality generating dependencies (EGDs), in addition to certain (first order) restrictions to express multidimensionality. Here a multidimensionality means that facts in a data warehouse can be described from different perspectives. The EGDs set the equality between tuples and the TGDs set the rule that two instances are in a subtype association (more precise definitions are given further in the thesis). We use a non-conflicting class of conceptual dependencies that guarantees a query's decidability. The non-conflicting dependencies avoid an interaction between TGDs and EGDs. Our semantics extend the existing semantics defined for extended entity relationship models to the notions of fact, dimension category, dimensional hierarchy and dimension attributes. In addition, a class of conceptual queries will be defined and proven to be decidable. A DL-Lite logic has been extensively used for query rewriting as it allows us to reduce the complexity of the query answering to AC0. Moreover, we present a query rewriting algorithm for the class of defined conceptual dependencies. Finally, we consider the problem in light of GAV and LAV approaches and prove the query answering complexities. The query answering problem becomes decidable if we add certain constraints to a well-known set of EGDs + TGDs dependencies to guarantee summarizability. The query answering problem in light of the global-as-a-view approach of mapping has AC0 data complexity and EXPTIME combined complexity. This problem becomes coNP hard if we are to consider it a LAV approach of mapping.
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Larsson, Åsa. "A structural view on conceptual change : Integration, differentiation, and contextualization as fundamental aspects of individual meaning making". Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik och didaktik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-97267.

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Conceptual development and conceptual change processes are described by a longitudinal study on preschool children’s conception of the earth. Conceptual change is often described as a causal process in which changes in an embraced system of beliefs result in a new system of beliefs. A normative line of research has been dominating the research field of conceptual change. There has been a search for specific conceptions that are missing in the learners’ reasoning or that prevent conceptual change from occur. Here, the learner’s capacity of reasoning is focused. The children’s reasoning is described in its own right (Driver & Easley, 1978). It is argued that conceptual change is to be understood as an intentional activity with regard to the learner, that is, what the learner is doing when trying to understand something. Children were interviewed annually from four to six years of age. There were 37 children participating, of which 29 were followed during all three years. The children were interviewed about their conceptions of the earth. The results directs the focus of conceptual change from specific conceptions to structural changes. The children processed a lot of conflicting information. However, there does not appear to be any specific conflict that causes the process of conceptual change to occur. Rather, conceptual change is about the reorganization of the sum total of beliefs and to find adequate contexts to which they relate. Conceptual change involves a simultaneous processing of information and complex conception as well as revisions and changes at a model level, and all of this processing is related to contexts for description and explanation. The result also indicates some core stability in reasoning over the course of the investigation.

At the time of the doctoral defence the folowing papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Manuscript; Paper 2: Manuscript.

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Lammering, Tim [Verfasser]. "Integration of aircraft systems into conceptual design synthesis / Tim Lammering". Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1056993960/34.

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Książki na temat "Conceptual integration"

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Priss, Uta, Dan Corbett i Galia Angelova, red. Conceptual Structures: Integration and Interfaces. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45483-7.

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Souza, Jano Moreirade. Software tools for conceptual schema integration. Norwich: University of East Anglia, 1986.

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Tang, Min. Growth triangles: Conceptual issues and operational problems. Manila, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 1994.

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Bennett, Bart. A Conceptual design for the model integration and management system. Santa Monica, CA: The Rand Corporation, 1989.

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Guerrieri, Paolo. Structural competitiveness, adjustment policies and European integration: A conceptual framework. Newcastle upon Tyne: Dept. of Economics and Government, Newcastle upon Tyne Polytechnic, 1989.

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Tʻang, Min. Growth triangles: Conceptual issues and operational problems. Manila, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 1994.

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Xiu, Liming. VLSI circuit design methodology demystified: A conceptual taxonomy. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2008.

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Tacina, Robert R. Conceptual design and integration of a space station resistojet propulsion assembly. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1987.

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Dewey, Allen M. Principles of VLSI system planning: A framework for conceptual design. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990.

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Xiu, Liming. VLSI circuit design methodology demystified: A conceptual taxonomy. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2007.

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Części książek na temat "Conceptual integration"

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Oakley, Todd. "Conceptual integration". W Handbook of Pragmatics, 1–24. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hop.15.con17.

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Ritchie, L. David. "Conceptual Integration". W Context and Connection in Metaphor, 58–76. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230286825_4.

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Bergamaschi, Sonia, Domenico Beneventano, Francesco Guerra i Mirko Orsini. "Data Integration". W Handbook of Conceptual Modeling, 441–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15865-0_14.

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Bolloju, Narasimha, Sandeep Purao i Chuan-Hoo Tan. "Conceptual Modeling for Systems Integration". W Conceptual Modeling, 321–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34002-4_25.

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Sesselmann, Jörg. "Conceptual Foundation". W Empowering Brands with Customer Integration, 7–17. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-11639-2_2.

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Gal, Avigdor, Aviv Segev, Christos Tatsiopoulos, Kostas Sidiropoulos i Pantelis Georgiades. "Agent Oriented Data Integration". W Perspectives in Conceptual Modeling, 98–108. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11568346_12.

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Libura, Agnieszka. "Conceptual integration and humor". W Humorous Discourse, redaktorzy Wladyslaw Chlopicki i Dorota Brzozowska, 53–74. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781501507106-003.

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Fauconnier, Gilles. "Metonymy and Conceptual Integration". W Human Cognitive Processing, 77. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hcp.4.05fau.

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Schärfe, Henrik, Ulrik Petersen i Peter Øhrstrøm. "On Teaching Conceptual Graphs". W Conceptual Structures: Integration and Interfaces, 285–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45483-7_22.

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Calvanese, Diego, Giuseppe De Giacomo, Domenico Lembo, Maurizio Lenzerini i Riccardo Rosati. "Conceptual Modeling for Data Integration". W Conceptual Modeling: Foundations and Applications, 173–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02463-4_11.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Conceptual integration"

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Falquet, Gilles, Luka Nerima i Jean-Claude Ziswiler. "Augmented hyperbooks through conceptual integration". W the sixteenth ACM conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1083356.1083381.

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Guang-qun Yuan i Dong-ning Ben. "Combining art and science of the integration of designs". W Conceptual Design (CAID/CD). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/caidcd.2008.4730709.

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Cao, Shukun, Heng Zhang i Qiujuan Yang. "Metal parts injection molding CAD/CAE and concurrent development system integration". W Conceptual Design (CAID/CD). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/caidcd.2008.4730618.

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Qiao Xiaodong, Zhang Yinsheng i Zhang Kejun. "An integration technology of one domain and cross domain evolution of industrial design knowledge". W Conceptual Design (CAID/CD). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/caidcd.2008.4730614.

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Locatelli, Davide, Benjamin Riggins, Joseph A. Schetz, Rakesh K. Kapania, Bernard Robic, Clement Leenaert i Thomas Poquet. "Aircraft Conceptual Design: Tools Evaluation". W 14th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-2030.

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Olcott, Dennis D. "Tri-Fan VTOL Conceptual Design". W 16th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-3610.

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Calvanese, D., G. De Giacomo, M. Lenzerini, D. Nardi i R. Rosati. "Information integration: conceptual modeling and reasoning support". W Proceedings 3rd IFCIS International Conference on Cooperative Information Systems (Cat No 98EX122) COOPIS-98. IEEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/coopis.1998.706234.

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Chai, Sonny, i William Mason. "Landing gear integration in aircraft conceptual design". W 6th Symposium on Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-4038.

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Barchetti, U., A. L. Guido i L. Mainetti. "A conceptual framework for business driven integration". W 2009 4th International Conference for Internet Technology and Secured Transactions (ICITST 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icitst.2009.5402527.

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Iqbal, R. "Conceptual framework for integration of cooperative applications". W International Multi Topic Conference, 2002. Abstracts. INMIC 2002. IEEE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/inmic.2002.1310115.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Conceptual integration"

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Osborn, James. Conceptual Study of LSTAT Integration and Robotics. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, sierpień 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada428449.

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Fan, Zhen, i Andrew Seltzer. Advanced O2 Separation System Integration for Conceptual Design of Supercritical O2-Based PC Boiler. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), kwiecień 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/903472.

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Mason, Brad. The Integration of U.S. Army AH-64 (Apache) Helicopters into USAF Aerospace Expeditionary Force Organizations: Bridging the Conceptual Gap Between Halt Doctrine, Strategic Preclusion and JV 2010. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, maj 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada388315.

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Russell, H. A. J., i S. K. Frey. Canada One Water: integrated groundwater-surface-water-climate modelling for climate change adaptation. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329092.

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Canada 1 Water is a 3-year governmental multi-department-private-sector-academic collaboration to model the groundwater-surface-water of Canada coupled with historic climate and climate scenario input. To address this challenge continental Canada has been allocated to one of 6 large watershed basins of approximately two million km2. The model domains are based on natural watershed boundaries and include approximately 1 million km2 of the United States. In year one (2020-2021) data assembly and validation of some 20 datasets (layers) is the focus of work along with conceptual model development. To support analysis of the entire water balance the modelling framework consists of three distinct components and modelling software. Land Surface modelling with the Community Land Model will support information needed for both the regional climate modelling using the Weather Research & Forecasting model (WRF), and input to HydroGeoSphere for groundwater-surface-water modelling. The inclusion of the transboundary watersheds will provide a first time assessment of water resources in this critical international domain. Modelling is also being integrated with Remote Sensing datasets, notably the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). GRACE supports regional scale watershed analysis of total water flux. GRACE along with terrestrial time-series data will serve provide validation datasets for model results to ensure that the final project outputs are representative and reliable. The project has an active engagement and collaborative effort underway to try and maximize the long-term benefit of the framework. Much of the supporting model datasets will be published under open access licence to support broad usage and integration.
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Daudelin, Francois, Lina Taing, Lucy Chen, Claudia Abreu Lopes, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe i Hamid Mehmood. Mapping WASH-related disease risk: A review of risk concepts and methods. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, grudzień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/uxuo4751.

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The report provides a review of how risk is conceived of, modelled, and mapped in studies of infectious water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) related diseases. It focuses on spatial epidemiology of cholera, malaria and dengue to offer recommendations for the field of WASH-related disease risk mapping. The report notes a lack of consensus on the definition of disease risk in the literature, which limits the interpretability of the resulting analyses and could affect the quality of the design and direction of public health interventions. In addition, existing risk frameworks that consider disease incidence separately from community vulnerability have conceptual overlap in their components and conflate the probability and severity of disease risk into a single component. The report identifies four methods used to develop risk maps, i) observational, ii) index-based, iii) associative modelling and iv) mechanistic modelling. Observational methods are limited by a lack of historical data sets and their assumption that historical outcomes are representative of current and future risks. The more general index-based methods offer a highly flexible approach based on observed and modelled risks and can be used for partially qualitative or difficult-to-measure indicators, such as socioeconomic vulnerability. For multidimensional risk measures, indices representing different dimensions can be aggregated to form a composite index or be considered jointly without aggregation. The latter approach can distinguish between different types of disease risk such as outbreaks of high frequency/low intensity and low frequency/high intensity. Associative models, including machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI), are commonly used to measure current risk, future risk (short-term for early warning systems) or risk in areas with low data availability, but concerns about bias, privacy, trust, and accountability in algorithms can limit their application. In addition, they typically do not account for gender and demographic variables that allow risk analyses for different vulnerable groups. As an alternative, mechanistic models can be used for similar purposes as well as to create spatial measures of disease transmission efficiency or to model risk outcomes from hypothetical scenarios. Mechanistic models, however, are limited by their inability to capture locally specific transmission dynamics. The report recommends that future WASH-related disease risk mapping research: - Conceptualise risk as a function of the probability and severity of a disease risk event. Probability and severity can be disaggregated into sub-components. For outbreak-prone diseases, probability can be represented by a likelihood component while severity can be disaggregated into transmission and sensitivity sub-components, where sensitivity represents factors affecting health and socioeconomic outcomes of infection. -Employ jointly considered unaggregated indices to map multidimensional risk. Individual indices representing multiple dimensions of risk should be developed using a range of methods to take advantage of their relative strengths. -Develop and apply collaborative approaches with public health officials, development organizations and relevant stakeholders to identify appropriate interventions and priority levels for different types of risk, while ensuring the needs and values of users are met in an ethical and socially responsible manner. -Enhance identification of vulnerable populations by further disaggregating risk estimates and accounting for demographic and behavioural variables and using novel data sources such as big data and citizen science. This review is the first to focus solely on WASH-related disease risk mapping and modelling. The recommendations can be used as a guide for developing spatial epidemiology models in tandem with public health officials and to help detect and develop tailored responses to WASH-related disease outbreaks that meet the needs of vulnerable populations. The report’s main target audience is modellers, public health authorities and partners responsible for co-designing and implementing multi-sectoral health interventions, with a particular emphasis on facilitating the integration of health and WASH services delivery contributing to Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 3 (good health and well-being) and 6 (clean water and sanitation).
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Hunter, Fraser, i Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, wrzesień 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings:  Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age.  Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v  Landscapes and regions:  Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change?  Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial.  Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth.  Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs.  Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully.  Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people.  The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world
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Walz, Yvonne, Florence Nick, Oscar Higuera Roa, Udo Nehren i Zita Sebesvari. Coherence and Alignment among Sustainable Land Management, Ecosystem-based Adaptation, Ecosystem-based Disaster Risk Reduction and Nature-based Solutions. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security, listopad 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/mwgp9896.

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Approaches integrating environmental management practices have been gaining importance in recent years. Sustainable Land Management (SLM), Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA), Ecosystem-based disaster Risk Reduction (Eco-DRR) and Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are widely applied approaches that tackle certain drivers of challenges such as food insecurity, water scarcity, decline in biodiversity and threats to livelihoods, while also considering both human well-being and ecosystem functions and services. Better understanding the similarities, differences and relationships between these approaches helps to improve efficiency in implementation and leverage synergies. By shedding more light on where these approaches align, investments in land-based solutions in response to different types of environmental challenges can be more effectively designed to achieve multiple targets. In response to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) decision 19/COP.14 paragraph 4, the main objective of this report is to understand and elaborate upon the characteristics of SLM, EbA, Eco-DRR and NbS. The report begins with an overview of the historical backgrounds and origins of SLM, EbA, Eco-DRR and NbS. Despite differences in their specific goals and targeted benefits, all approaches aim for the support of biodiversity, land-based ecosystems and ecosystem services and functions, and employ measures to conserve, restore and sustainably use land to support ecosystem services and functions, including SLM technologies. Furthermore, irrespective of their different goals, the projects developed under any approach can generate comparable co-benefits, especially due to their support of biodiversity. The capacity for all these approaches to deliver multiple co-benefits means that projects of each approach can directly contribute to implementing the specific goals of the other approaches as well. Thus, multiple global and national targets, frameworks, strategies and conventions which call for the implementation of one or more of these approaches, can benefit from this report by avoiding duplication and reducing the overall investments necessary to achieve the set targets and goals. This is critical for achieving the ambitious Agenda 2030, including voluntary land degradation neutrality (LDN) targets and climate action under the Paris Agreement. It will also be the case for the post-2020 global biodiversity framework currently under development. The added value that will come from optimizing the links among these approaches extends from national policymakers to the practitioners of SLM, EbA and Eco-DRR projects, which all share the ultimate goal of sustainable development. To capture the coherence and alignment among these approaches, their similarities and differences have been summarized in a conceptual framework. The framework has been designed to help practitioners understand the specific goals of each approach, and to link these to the relevant global and national targets, frameworks, strategies and conventions, which can support monitoring and evaluation as well as reporting processes. The synergies among these approaches are further illustrated based on three case studies in order to demonstrate opportunities for leveraging multiple co-benefits and targets at implementation level irrespective of the different objectives under each. The results of this assessment demonstrate that activities under one approach can be beneficial to achieve the specific goals of other approaches with little additional effort. It is essential for policymakers, project developers and practitioners to recognize that. This is key to the achievement of sustainable development.
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Wolf, Shmuel, i William J. Lucas. Involvement of the TMV-MP in the Control of Carbon Metabolism and Partitioning in Transgenic Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, październik 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7570560.bard.

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The function of the 30-kilodalton movement protein (MP) of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is to facilitate cell-to-cell movement of viral progeny in infected plants. Our earlier findings have indicated that this protein has a direct effect on plasmodesmal function. In addition, these studies demonstrated that constitutive expression of the TMV MP gene (under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter) in transgenic tobacco plants significantly affects carbon metabolism in source leaves and alters the biomass distribution between the various plant organs. The long-term goal of the proposed research was to better understand the factors controlling carbon translocation in plants. The specific objectives were: A) To introduce into tobacco and potato plants a virally-encoded (TMV-MP) gene that affects plasmodesmal functioning and photosynthate partitioning under tissue-specific promoters. B) To introduce into tobacco and potato plants the TMV-MP gene under the control of promoters which are tightly repressed by the Tn10-encoded Tet repressor, to enable the expression of the protein by external application of tetracycline. C) To explore the mechanism by which the TMV-MP interacts with the endogenous control o~ carbon allocation. Data obtained in our previous project together with the results of this current study established that the TMV-MP has pleiotropic effects when expressed in transgenic tobacco plants. In addition to its ability to increase the plasmodesmal size exclusion limit, it alters carbohydrate metabolism in source leaves and dry matter partitioning between the various plant organs, Expression of the TMV-MP in various tissues of transgenic potato plants indicated that sugars and starch levels in source leaves are reduced below those of control plants when the TMV-MP is expressed in green tissue only. However, when the TMV-MP was expressed predominantly in PP and CC, sugar and starch levels were raised above those of control plants. Perhaps the most significant result obtained from experiments performed on transgenic potato plants was the discovery that the influence of the TMV-MP on carbohydrate allocation within source leaves was under developmental control and was exerted only during tuber development. The complexity of the mode by which the TMV-MP exerts its effect on the process of carbohydrate allocation was further demonstrated when transgenic tobacco plants were subjected to environmental stresses such as drought stress and nutrients deficiencies, Collectively, these studies indicated that the influence of the TMV-MP on carbon allocation L the result of protein-protein interaction within the source tissue. Based on these results, together with the findings that plasmodesmata potentiate the cell-to-cell trafficking of viral and endogenous proteins and nucleoproteins complexes, we developed the theme that at the whole plant level, the phloem serves as an information superhighway. Such a long-distance communication system may utilize a new class of signaling molecules (proteins and/or RNA) to co-ordinate photosynthesis and carbon/nitrogen metabolism in source leaves with the complex growth requirements of the plant under the prevailing environmental conditions. The discovery that expression of viral MP in plants can induce precise changes in carbon metabolism and photoassimilate allocation, now provide a conceptual foundation for future studies aimed at elucidating the communication network responsible for integrating photosynthetic productivity with resource allocation at the whole-plant level. Such information will surely provide an understanding of how plants coordinate the essential physiological functions performed by distantly-separated organs. Identification of the proteins involved in mediating and controlling cell-to-cell transport, especially at the companion cell-sieve element boundary, will provide an important first step towards achieving this goal.
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