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Segonds, Frédéric. "Contribution à l'intégration d'un environnement collaboratif en conception amont de produits". Paris, ENSAM, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENAM0037.
Pełny tekst źródłaFew software tools are currently available to assist the early stages of mechanical product design (Mougenot, 2008), particularly as a collaborative structure to support the activity of project designers. Yet, almost 80% of the future expenses in the project are decided in these stages alone (Michaels and Wood, 1989). In this context, our research proposes a model as a basis to define a collaborative environment for the early stages of the design process, intended for deployment in businesses. Our research rests on an experimental protocol, based on interviews carried out on end users working within businesses. This approach allowed us to describe work in the early stages of the design process, in a variety of industrial domains, and to show that the development and optimization of a collaborative work environment dedicated to the early stages of design mainly relies on image-type Intermediate Representations (IRs). We show that identifying and digitizing these IRs are necessary prerequisites to define this work environment, and that some profession-specific constraints can also be supported by these IRs. The model that stems from this work allows us to formulate specifications to develop a software tool to assist the development of collaborative work environments, integrated in a PLM environment for mechanical design
Debusschere, Vincent. "Contributions méthodologiques à l’éco-conception des convertisseurs électromagnétiques d’énergie". Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00443702/fr/.
Pełny tekst źródłaMinimizing environmental impacts of human activity represent a major objective of sustainable development considering resources depletion and the limited capabilities of the environment to adapt. Devices with better environmental performance require a specific design approach integrating credible environmental criteria. It is indeed by acting at the early phase of design that it is likely to provide the maximum flexibility to minimize environmental impacts of a product (or service). This method is called eco-design. In the field of eco-design, these works are conduct on applications of electrical engineering and more specifically of electromagnetic energy converters. These components have the distinction of consuming energy during use. This particularity implies a strong connection between the operating mode of the device and its life cycle design. This thesis propose in a first part an introduction to life cycle assessment and to the basic principles of eco-design. The methodological perspectives that these considerations open in the specific field of Electrical Engineering are then described. In a second part, three Electrical Engineering cases of increasing complexity are studied : a simplified single-phase transformer, a permanent capacitor single-phase induction machine with very short operating times (real commercial product) and finally a three-phase induction machine with optimized power supply. These applications are used to emphasize the principles of eco-design and are optimized regarding three environmental criteria : the gross energy requirement, the resources depletion and the global warming potential. In fact, taking into account other environmental impacts is identical in terms of methodology. In these studies, we show that it is interesting to optimize the design of these electromagnetic converters on life cycle, when their cumulative operating time is small compared to the total time of use. The amount of operating losses is also a parameter having a significant action on the results of eco-design. The setting of these applications is also subject to various sensitivity studies in order to determine more precisely the influence of the elementary energy costs, the choice of raw materials, etc. . Finally, we introduce the definition of an energy efficiency on life cycle more appropriate to an eco-design methodology
Depaulis, Fabrice. "Vers un environnement générique d'aide au développement d'applications interactives de simulation de métamorphoses". Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT2320.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the field of computer animation, several methods aim to represent natural phenomena, as, for example, plant growth. Contrariwise to some others, these methods use an algorithm based process that requires a programming language and avoid any interactivity in the simulation conception. It is possible to figure out this issue thanks to the Programming By Demonstration (PbD). The PbD is based on several techniques that allow an end-user to create interactively computer programs, using only common tools. This PhD explains how it is possible to build a generic framework that permits the design of interactive applications for the creation of natural objects metamorphosis. This framework uses the H4 architecture as a language interpreter to enable the creation of interactive programs from the generated applications
Tonnelier, Pierre. "Proposition d'une démarche d'intégration d'une nouvelle contrainte en conception : cas de la valorisation des véhicules en fin de vie chez PSA PEUGEOT CITROEN". Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2002. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001942.
Pełny tekst źródłaFaria, Marília. "Culture et design : application de l'interculturalité à l'évaluation et à la conception de produits dans un environnement globalisé". Compiègne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001COMP1327.
Pełny tekst źródłaSadaoui, Lamia. "Conception de systèmes antennaires MIMO multi-standards LTE pour les nœuds relais". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4222/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaTo deploy the fourth generation called 4G/LTE or "LTE advanced", mobile operators face strong constraints: they must ensure a good geographic coverage but also an excellent quality of service. This requires new methods that go far beyond what has been implemented for GSM or 3G networks. The telecom industry has created the concept of "small cells" that reinforce the "macrocells" deployed by the operators. This thesis tries to provide a solution to this problem and more particularly through the development of antennas for a product called "smart cell". This study, supported by the FUI project NETCOM, should enable mobile operators to extend the coverage and capacity of their networks at a lower cost while maintaining a good quality of service. To do that, the aim of this thesis more particularly is the design of a multi-band multi-antennas MIMO system (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) dedicated to relay nodes for the deployment of the fourth generation 4G/LTE or "LTE advanced". The antenna design considers the coverage of the three LTE operating frequency bands and must be compatible with them. The (700-900 MHz) frequency band is used for the LTE 700 and LTE 800 bands, (1710-1880 MHz) for the GSM 1800/LTE 1800 bands and the last (2500-2690 MHz) for the LTE 2600 bands. In our first study, a reference system with 4 access was studied in simulation and measured, for only the low band 700-900 MHz. In a second study, we tried to cover the other two higher bands to have a tri-band system using the parasitic elements to get a three-band MIMO system with 4 access. We studied then, the influence of the environment close to the antenna system, with the presence of a metallic radiator. As we often encounter a frequent problem in multi-antenna systems which is the coupling problem between the different access of a multi antenna system, so we have studied and realized a decoupling technique. This technique was used to enhance the isolation between the different access
Jaegler, Yann. "Optimisation du ConWip dans un environnement multiproduit". Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENAM0038/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the past decade, a growing body of literature has investigated the CONstant Work InProgress (ConWip) production control system (PCS). In view of the current industrial challengesentailing adaptability, product customisation, decreas- ing leadtimes and customer satisfaction, ConWipseems to be an effective and adaptive PCS for manufacturers. A ConWip systematic review datingback to 2003 and provides a guide for understanding through an original classification method. Thismethod enables the differentiation of papers that concentrate on Con- Wip sizing, performance andcontext as well as a comparison with other PCSs. In addition to providing a key to interpreting theresearch approaches, the criteria considered answers questions on how to implement, how to optimiseand why and when to use ConWip. The survey of research avenues proposed or applicable to CONWIPclassify them, highlight the most promising and extract the main trends. The final aim is to provide somegaps. One of the them deals with key questions related to the implementation of ConWip in a highproduct mix and/or high routing mix environment. Four algorithms that generate different genericroutings are presented. These routings are implemented into Wipsim, an engineering tool used inprojects to design and improve ConWip assembly lines, which allows the optimized ConWip parametersfor each routing to be calculated. A sample of data, derived from an industrial case, is used to test thefour models. We compare them via their sensitivity to the mix product and through the impact of theintroduction of different, atypical products. Our experiments show that our algorithms generatedworthwhile generic routings and help practitioners choose among them, depending on a specificcontext
Loison, Romain. "Analyse écophysiologique et modélisation de l’interaction génotype x environnement x itinéraire technique chez le cotonnier (Gossypium hirsutum L.) au Cameroun pour la conception d'idéotypes". Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS174/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaCotton lint is the first natural fiber used in the world. Cotton provides income to more than 10 million people in West and Central Africa. In Cameroon, it is produced in rainfed conditions and water shortage is the major abiotic factor limiting yield and lint quality. In this context, a breeding program was initiated in 1950 to increase lint yield, fiber quality and disease resistance. After 60 years, this program has released more than 20 cultivars. However, seed cotton yield has been levelling off for more than thirty years.This study analyzed growth and development of main cultivars released from 1950 to-date to evaluate genetic gain including drought adaptation traits indirectly bred for. It also analyzed genotype by environment by crop management interactions (GEI) under water limited conditions in order to use a cotton simulation model in Cameroonian conditions. Then, crop simulation model was used to design cotton ideotypes under Cameroonian cropping conditions. An application of this work was in providing key drought adaptation traits to breed for cultivars that better withstand water stress.Firstly, phenotype evolution over breeding time and its interaction with cropping conditions in Cameroon was evaluated on cotton development, growth (including roots), yield, and fiber quality. Ten major cultivars were studied under rainfed conditions (field) and controlled conditions (greenhouse and phytotron). Classical GEI analysis of variance of cultivars and regression over their respective year of release were done. The results showed that the breeding program succeeded in improving cotton lint yield and the potential of fiber quality when the crop reached physiological maturity before the end of the rainy season. In late season drought, breeding reduced the fiber quality (fiber length, uniformity and strength). Most of the development and growth variables did not change with time, except the number of leaves which reduced. Breeding created cultivars with better potential fiber production and quality, but with reduced plasticity to sub-optimal environments and access to soil water. Secondly, an analysis of GEI for ecophysiological traits conferring a good response to drought was done in good and water limited conditions for a subset of four cultivars. The results indicated that water deficit had a negative impact on almost all plant functions, both under field and controlled environments. The recent cultivar L484 bred for the driest production area had the fastest development, thickest leaves with most chlorophyll and thus maintained the highest level of photosynthesis and transpiration per unit of leaf area in water-limited conditions. In these conditions, L484 had the highest radiation use efficiency and water use efficiency maintenances. Despite these traits this cultivar did not show any improvement in terms of biomass, harvest index and cotton yield across water conditions. Cotton breeding program in Cameroon succeeded in providing a cultivar (L484) better adapted to local conditions, with a higher stability and faster development coupled with a strategy of growth maintenance, without any improvement in yield. Thirdly, the crop simulation model CROPGRO-Cotton was used in order to design ideotypes with higher yield than existing cultivars. Field experiments in Cameroon were used to constitute the minimum dataset for the crop model calibration. Then, cultivars AC, L484 and forty-two virtual cultivars with ±20% from L484 parameter values were compared across 99 years of generated weather in two locations. Compared to L484, the cotton ideotypes in Cameroonian rainfed conditions had reduced emergence to anthesis duration, longer reproductive duration, higher maximum level of photosynthesis with thicker leaves, and smaller leaves for Far North region or bigger ones for North region
Nzetchou, Stéphane. "Méthodologie d'enrichissement sémantique de la CAO dans un environnement de continuité numérique". Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COMP2642.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe digital transition in the manufacturing industry is characterised by a three or even four-decade liability. Some CAO models or digital mock-ups accumulated du ring this period are frozen, i.e. 3D models without a construction tree, which are characterised by missing geometries, due to software changes or versions of 3D formats that have not been updated Reverse engineering activities of CAO models, aiming at obtaining semantically rich 3D models, i.e. parametric and modifiable, made up of construction operations, carrying attributes and metadata, with geometric ru les and constraints, etc., thanks to the use of engineering tools such as CATIA for example, or by approaches based on point clouds coming from a scan for example. But, this is still not satisfactory, because at the end of the reverse engineering activities, we often obtain a solid with a weak semantic representation or an absent construction tree. This leads us to propose in the framework of this thesis work, a methodology for managing information linked to CAO models in order to integrate expert information that we call semantic into these CAO models. The frozen CAO models handled are usually in low-level formats such as STL, IGES or STEP AP203. They are used as input data for our methodology and they can be associated with product definition data, such as a product drawing or documents. The processing of CAO models requires a solution that is able to_manage the digital models and the information they couId possibly integrate. And also the incompleteness of some CAO models that is linked to the 3D format or to the limit of the technology used to obtain the CAO model (e.g. software li mit, 3D format for geometric representation only and that does not support a representation of the construction tree or that cannot graphically represent geometric dimensions and tolerances, etc.). Finally, the relevance of integrated information into CAO model, of a non-geometric nature, during the semantic overlay phase should make it possible, in certain cases, to produce parameterised CAO models, specific to the activity of the application domain. The state of the art, concerning the information representation contained in CAO model and the management of this information, makes it possible to identify techniques and approaches that help the semantic enrichment of CAO models at various levels of granularity. This thesis proposes a methodology named Vaquero For CAO Semantic Enrichment (VFCSE), which is made of three step access, identification and annotation. The aim of this methodology is to integrate missing and standardised information of a non-geometric nature, such as product specifications, tolerances, geometric dimensions, etc., into frozen CAO models. This information will be derived from user needs working on the CAO model and will corne from a semantically rich standard in order to be useful for many operations related to the product life cycle. The enrichment, thanks to this semantically rich standard, will allow for a perpetuation of the information and an efficient reuse of CAO model information. ln order to do this, a CAO model is retrieved from a PDM (Product Data Management) thanks to a user request. lt is visualised in a CAO viewer supporting STL, IGES and STEP AP203 formats. Then, follows a step of identifying components of CAO model. These components can be parts or assemblies. The identified components are annotated based on the STEP AP242 format, which represents the semantically rich standard. These annotations are stored in a standardised ontology, which serves as a minimal basis for carrying all the semantics to be integrated into the CAO mode in order to make the CAO model durable and reusable. The scientific contribution of this work is mainly based on the possibility of reverse engineering by using ontologies to annotate 3D models, according to user needs who has the CAO model at his disposal
Kibamba, Yannick Privat. "Spécification et développement d'un environnement collaboratif de gestion du cycle de vie des données de simulation numérique". Compiègne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011COMP1997.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe proposed research work deals with the issues of Simulation Lifecycle Management (SLM). Nowadays numerical simulation plays a major role in the product development process. Indeed, reducing the need for physical prototypes and providing a relevant analysis of system behavior, numerical simulation has became a major lever for improving the development process. Faced to an increased competition, manufacturing companies rely heavily on numerical simulation to improve the technical performances of their products. According to this increasing use of numerical simulation, some issues related to data management and information sharing between simulation disciplines and with other phases of the development process has emerged. This PhD thesis presents a study of improvement of simulation activities based on an application of PLM approach. This study suggests two main areas of improvement. The first one concerns the definition of product structure for better integration of the needs of the numerical simulation, specifically in relation to the definition of fluid and structure domains and also related interactions. The second area is related to the management of dependencies between simulation data for a better traceability and an easier capitalization. This research work finally resulted in the implementation of a SLM prototype based on the solution Smar Team of Dassault Systèmes and coupled with two expert applications : CATIA, a CAD solution of Dassault Systèmes, and Workbench, a Pre/Post-processing solution of Ansys
Ye, Yun. "Integrated decision support for architecture & supplier identification in early complex system design". Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECAP0052/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn order to combine the advantage of standardization with those of customization, modular design has been increasingly used by OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers) in complex system development. Different from traditional design, modular design advocates entrusting lead suppliers with full responsibility of a module. In this case, suppliers are involved much earlier in design, and start collaborating with OEMs from the conceptual design phase. This characteristic of modular design makes it impossible to define the product concept before choosing suppliers, as is normally done in the traditional way. Instead, the product concepts and supplier possibilities need to be considered simultaneously. However, this unbreakable link between a module and its supplier is rarely considered indesign support methods. Most existing methods treat architecture and supplier as two separate issues. In this work, we propose the Architecture & Supplier Identification Tool (ASIT), which considers performance of both suppliers and their modules. The ASIT is capable of generating all possible product/system architectures based on customer requirements with consideration of new technologies and new suppliers. The overall performance of each architecture is estimated using data of existing products and expert knowledge. Appropriate candidates are identified, taking into account their customer requirements satisfaction, overall uncertainty, and environmental impact, to be considered in conceptual design. The utilization of ASIT is illustrated in a powertrain design case study. Comparing the results from different methods shows that ASIT is an interesting decision support tool for OEMs to identify suppliers and architectures regarding their overall performance
Ben, Ayed Ramzi. "Eco-conception d’une chaine de traction ferroviaire". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Lille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ECLI0009.
Pełny tekst źródłaWith the introduction of different environmental standards like ISO 14001, concerns of manufacturers in railway industry are more and more oriented to the design of green products. One important issue when designing such products is the control of the cost impact and the evaluation of the price which consumers agree to pay for a reduced environmental footprint.Eco-design of railway train presents several challenges for the designer. The first one is the complexity of the life cycle analysis of such components. The second challenge is the necessity of consideration of several environmental impacts in design stage given the number of impacts. Finally, railway components have different models with different granularity which can be used in the process of eco-design. To overcome these problems we propose in this work a method which involves two steps. The first one is to simplify the LCA of the railway train using environmental management software and take the opportunity to build a malleable model to calculate eleven impacts. The second step, is to aggregate these impacts for a single indicator which is considered later as environmental criterion in the eco-design process. In order to investigate optimization tools, the eco-design problem is expressed into an optimization problem. Optimization algorithms are able to solve this problem and to find the optimal set of compromises between environmental criterion and the cost of the railway product. The set of compromises is given as a graph called the Pareto front. In our work the cost is expressed by the mass of the component and some optimization algorithms have been adapted in this work to serve in the process of eco-design
Tornay, Nathalie. "Vers des outils d'aide à la conception pour intégrer les dimensions techniques, écologiques et sensibles des matériaux de construction". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAT0003.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe choice of materials and way of implementation is known and will be known as a significant growth in the world of architecture. Actually, changes are largely induced by technical dimension, but also representations and precepts that appear with the emergence of the concept of sustainable development in our society.Design support tools about materials scale focus on the physical dimensions (thermal, life cycle, refreshments, etc.). Our work is questioning the integration of technical, environmental and sensible dimensions in a design support tool based on reference. The referential activity is a specific approach in the initial phases of designing on a project. These phases correspond to crucial choice, which remain poorly assisted by digital tools.Our work aims to highlight the different characteristics of materials, but also their interactions. This study differs from conventional approaches of materials, which generally, constructive solutions are presented material by material. Indeed, we rely on a data structure and interdisciplinary knowledge (architecture, urbanism, landscape, aesthetic, technical, cognitive, perception approach, environmental approach, etc.).This research tends to be a first proposal for a design support tool named DILEM'MAtériaux that takes into account materials in their contribution to origin of founding ideas and definition of concept, in the initial phases of designing on a project
Breilly, Damien. "Synthèse d'adjuvant pour l'industrie du béton via la fonctionnalisation de lignines industrielles et la conception de nouveaux polymères biosourcés". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AGPT0010.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe concrete industry is one of the most important, but also the most polluting industries of the 21st century due to the cement manufacturing. Many solutions exist in order to reduce its environmental impact, unfortunately they result in a significant drop of the properties of concrete in terms of fluidity, workability during time and mechanical resistance. The use of organic adjuvants allows recovering these properties, but these are petro-sourced and their synthesis is not currently sustainable. Here in, we have proposed prospects for replacing the petrochemical superplasticizers by biosourced (macro)molecules.These (macro)molecules must, at the same time, adsorb themselves on the cement but also possess a repulsive effect leading to the lowering of the critical stresses of the cement paste for the same quantity of water. To reach these performances, we presented here two strategies: (1) the chemical and enzymatic modification of an industrial lignin (i.e., sodium lignosulfonate), as well as (2) chemo-enzymatic synthesis routes for new bio-sourced monomers from vanillin, as well as their polymerization by the ADMET route, making it possible to obtain post-functionalizable polymers.The macromolecules resulting from these two strategies were then tested on cement slurry to determine their adsorption property as well as their fluidizing power. Although a non-negligible effect of these molecules on the rheology has been demonstrated, the preliminary results have not revealed properties comparable to those of the currently used superplasticizers. Nevertheless, the great flexibility of the developed synthetic routes and the structural design of the monomers should allow to modulate the properties of these new macromolecules, thus opening the way to future developments of adjuvants
Tran, Tuan Vu. "Problèmes combinatoires et modèles multi-niveaux pour la conception optimale des machines électriques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Lille, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ECLI0011.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe design of electrical machinery has a long tradition and the business as usual approach is a tries and errors iterative process, certainly converging but necessarily stopped prematurely as too expensive. A recent upgrade has been to replace the prototypes and models by virtual prototypes, fully numerical, such as those provided by the finite element method. Nevertheless, the process stops always on a frustration, because the designer is never sure to have completely explored the design space that offers to him. The optimal design approach proposes to improve this process by guiding it, i.e. by proposing a methodology and by equiping it, i.e. by providing software tools. But in this approach many difficulties appear. Thus, the general objectives of this thesis are multiple. It is to define specific representative optimization problems of the structural choices and develop reference benchmarks of optimization: discrete, multi-physics, multidisciplinary, multi-objective and multi-level. Then, it must seek, adapt and describe the best optimization methods able to solve these problems. These methods are implemented and tested in order to prove their efficiency and adaptation. A secondary but important objective is to capitalize and disseminate the developed knowledge
Yu, Yue. "Conception et Développement d’une Plateforme Multi-Agent en Réalité Virtuelle de Pilotage de Véhicules Intelligents". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECLI0013/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis PhD thesis is dedicated to the modeling and simulation of microscopic traffic behavior in virtual reality system, with the intent of providing a new approach to effectively ensure traffic safety. At first, Virtual Reality Intelligent Simulation System of Vehicles (VR-ISSV), based on multi-agent, is proposed to simulate the intelligent microscopic traffic, which is a hierarchical modular modeling and simulation system consisting of hardware, network and operating system layers, visualization management layer, multi-agent layer, human-machine interface layer. The multi-agent layer includes entity agents (intelligent vehicle agents and around vehicle agents), service agent and environment agent. Second, for the intelligent vehicle agent model, a decentralized design paradigm is used for developing the multi-controller based intelligent vehicle, whereby the car following behavior and the overtaking behavior could be realized by the coordination of the multi-controller. The environment agent is constructed based on the conception of Synthetic Natural Environment (SNE), taking into account the interaction between the vehicles and the natural environment. Geographic Information System (GIS) is used to establish environment agent. Finally, to ensure the safety in microscopic traffic maneuver, the intelligent vehicle controllers adapting to complex environment are considered. Fuzzy logic based controllers are designed for sending the appropriate outputs to the vehicle’s actuators – the steering wheel and the throttle/brake pedals. Microscopic traffic behavior models based on the intelligent vehicle agent involving environment are studied
Pereira, Andréa Franco. "Applications des connaissances issues du développement durable, de l'environnement et de la systémique, au design industriel de produits dans une approche de "macroconception"". Compiègne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001COMP1344.
Pełny tekst źródłaLachand-Pascal, Valentin. "Approche centrée activité pour la conception et l'orchestration d'activités numériques en classe". Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI089.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe quantity and variety of digital devices available in schools is constantly increasing. However, educational uses have not followed this evolution. The limited use of digital may be explained by the difficulty in creating digital activities. We propose to combine concepts from research related to the creation and conduction of educational activities in the classroom, as well as work related to the conduction of digital activities in a more general way. We present the contributions and limitations of these two conceptual frameworks for the management of digital educational activities. We conducted interviews with teachers to understand how they create their digital activities and how they conduct them. When conducting activities in the classroom, teachers mainly encounter technical problems (unstable network, hardware limitations) and have to adapt their plans to deal with these problems. We propose an adaptable architecture to solve the technical problems. Our architecture allows the conduction of digital activities by taking into account the different constraints: the activities work with or without connection, on the different devices present in the classroom, and the architecture adapts to the infrastructures of the schools. This architecture is materialized in Toccata, an orchestration system allowing the creation and implementation of digital activities in the classroom. Toccata implements the design recommendations we identified. Finally, we identified interaction strategies to help teachers in the management of digital devices in the classroom. Through observations of middle school classrooms, we identified two main classes of tasks: content sharing and remote control of devices. Using an elicitation study, we found that control tasks are easier to perform than content sharing tasks, especially using a device worn like a connected watch. We found that the selection of content sharing devices remained particularly complex in terms of interaction. Our results open new possibilities for managing digital devices in the classroom. However, work is still needed on sharing, reusing, and redesigning digital activities
Dartigues-Pallez, Christel. "Échange de données techniques dans un environnement coopératif". Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10235.
Pełny tekst źródłaLe, Pochat Stéphane. "Intégration de l'éco-conception dans les PME : proposition d'une méthode d'appropriation de savoir-fraire pour la conception environnementale des produits". Paris, ENSAM, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENAM0021.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe rising societal concerns about environmental issues result in particular in an increasing lawful pressure on the industrial world. The products from the consumer society are at the origin of the generalized phenomenon of degradation of the environment. For this reason, ecodesign represents for the companies the "natural" process to assume their role in the safeguarding of the resources and the environment. However, the european state of the art on ecodesign in the companies shows that the taking into account of the environmental constraints in the product design, although industrial reality, is still an emergent issue. Because of the volume of products they represent, and of the difficulties they have to integrate all new constraint that they do not consider strategic, SMEs must constitute a priority target for the integration of ecodesign. The problems of ecodesign integration in the companies find its origin, on the one hand in an environmental cultural gap, on the other hand in the fact that, the ecodesign tools having been developed apart from the industrial world, the organizational aspects of integration were not considered. We thus propose in this study an ecodesign integration method – the MAIECO method - allowing, through an organizational learning process, an organizational change management in the company, and aiming at the appropriation by this one of its own ecodesign approach. This method lies in particular on an original tool for environmental analysis of the products – the ATEP tool - allowing the participating members of the company to acquire the minimal basis of environmental knowledge during the analysis phase of the ecodesign process
Véron, Philippe. "Techniques de simplification de modèles polyédriques pour un environnement de conception mécanique". Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0194.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoelho, Ferreira Paulo Cesar. "Conception d'un service d'archivage multimedia dans un environnement bureautique ouvert". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376040110.
Pełny tekst źródłaDanet, Claire. "Gestualité : pour la création scripturale : le cas des langues des signes". Thesis, Compiègne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018COMP2463/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe digital revolution has evolved the act of writing; its forms have changed. From this phenomenon, new Graphomotor oriented research opportunities have emerged. The knowledge gathered by this research introduces a new angle for setting up a new writing system. Until today, no writing system has been able to transcribe the multidimensional nature of sign languages (SL). For that reason, sign languages offer the perfect opportunity for this kind of research. In this study we try to understand the link between gestures and meaning for the speaker and discover what features and how much of signing (gestures, body language) can be kept in the act of writing. Our objective is to maintain the integral meaning of gestures for the signer/writer. To do so, we offer the creation of a technologically advanced scriptural environment in which meaningful gestures can be put into perspective. First, this multidisciplinary research focuses on what can be transferred from the former gestural act (signing) to the latter (writing). Then, we consider the tool that will enable this transfer. To do so, we follow a phenomenological approach, or in other terms, a descriptive methodology from the firstperson point of view. This methodology is built upon signers’ feedback gathered of the experience lived during interviews. Shaping this method to fit the French SL offers precise gestural descriptions from signers themselves. This database is then compared with alinguistic and kinesiological analysis from the third-person point of view. These gestural meaning results enable us to reflect on how to create a guided experience tool enabling the assimilation of SL’s gestural matter and the creation of scriptural forms. To do that, we follow a UX design, an enaction design, and a tool based approach in order to offer immersion and interaction. This kind of device offers a new perspective to signers on their own language and more generally, offers the possibility for any user to form a new relationship with her or his own gestures
Bergé, Louis-Pierre. "Couplage de techniques d'interaction avancées avec des environnements virtuels 3D interactifs". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30136/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe work of this thesis fit on the boundary between two complementary research areas: the field of 3D Virtual Environment (3DVE) from Computer Graphics (CG) and Virtual Reality (RV) and the field of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). They rely on three assessments. Firstly, we observe that 3DVE takes more importance in our daily life (video games, serious games, e-commerce, museums, through the web and on mobile devices). Secondly, HCI becomes more complex with the emergence of advance forms of interaction like ambient computing, tangible interaction or spatial and gestural interactions. This evolution goes along with a diversification of devices (3D mouse, the Wiimote, the Kinect or the Leap Motion). Thirdly, the design of interaction techniques with 3DVE brings up some different considerations taken into account by the communities in the field of 3DVE and HCI. Therefore, take advantage of the latest considerations of EV3D communities (metaphors, quality of 3D interaction) and HCI (advance forms of interaction) results in the need to develop the coupling between advance forms of interaction techniques and EV3D. In this context, the objective of this thesis work is to contribute to the development of interactive 3D environments in multiple situations, including large audience situations. The approach we developed aimed to create a bridge between 3D and HCI design considerations. We intend to improve the coupling of advance interaction techniques with interactive 3D virtual environment. After analyzing methods for the design of interaction techniques for 3DVE, a first contribution consists in a design framework of 3D interaction. This framework aggregates design issues stem from 3D and HCI and help the designer to identify several elements involve in the coupling of interaction with a 3DVE. This design framework is based on the analysis of the links between user tasks and elements of the 3DVE impacted by these tasks. In order to precisely characterize each link, we have introduced the 3DIM (3D Interaction Modality) notation that describes the characteristics of the different elements constituting a "3D Interaction Modality" for the accomplishment of a user's interaction task in a 3DVE. We have grouped these elements into six blocks: the user, the physical actions, the physical objects, the input devices, the 3D behaviors and the 3D interactive objects. We complete our framework with analytical properties for guiding the designer and provide descriptive, evaluative and generative power at our conceptual model of advanced interaction techniques for 3DVE. Collaborating with the Museum of "Le Pic du Midi" observatory in France, we used our framework to design and implement tangible interaction and technique based on smartphone usage. Museum visitors can use these techniques in a 3DVE of the "Telescope Bernard Lyot" to explore and understand its functioning. We have conducted three users' studies in order to explore the design space of using a smartphone to interact with 3DVE. We used the smartphone in different ways to navigate, select and manipulate a 3D object displayed on a large remote screen. We explored several design solutions with a smartphone as a touch device, as a tangible object or mid-air interaction around the device
Buhé, Catherine. "Développement d'une méthode de conception environnementale des bâtiments prenant en compte l'environnement de proximité". Chambéry, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CHAMS035.
Pełny tekst źródłaWerlé, Carol. "Conception et mise en oeuvre dans un environnement de production d'un système infographique appliqué aux techniques de reprographie numérique". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/1992/WERLE_Carol_1992.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaDuring the two last decades, manufacturers of graphic workstations have been working hard in order to design and market development platforms with reliable and high performing architectures enabling both modelisation and processing of numerical reprography. Until recently, a few big manufacturers developing specific solutions, more reliable than efficient, shared the prepress market. However, more and more software houses are choosing the conceptual and then technical design of different prepress systems based on standard hardware collecting the last available electronic and programming technologies. Every passing year, with the replacement of one workstation with one of greater performance, it becomes rather obvious that the future of the prepress industry definitely belongs to this kind of equipment, cheaper than a dedicated hardware but also and above all, more flexible, i. E. Upgradable, for adaptation to new technological innovations. However, until today, none of these new architectures has ever been at the center of an experimental site within a traditional repro house. Such a development seems to be useful, even unavoidable in order to define precisely the possible evolution of those new technologies which offer, as we will see, real productive useroriented solutions. The work described in this document has led to the realisation of a system which went from an experimental level to a productive one as soon as September 1991. A first part locates the problematic of digital page layout and outlines the state of the art in the current technologies involved on the market. The second part of this work consists in a non-exhaustive analysis of specific tools to be integrated within a digital production line for the prepress industry. A third part presents the conceptual study as well as the experimental evolution of the production tool resulting from the needs of a "digital" printing industry. As a conclusion, we present a synthesis of the work accomplished together with a critical analysis proposing an evolution of the created configuration
Perelman, Gary. "Conception, développement et évaluation de techniques d'interactions fluides pour des environnements multidimensionnels : application aux logiciels du service public". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30255/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe work of this thesis is part of a collaboration with the company Berger-Levrault, a major actor in the development of administrative management software for public services. This work is based on two observations. On the first hand, the policy of digitization of public services induces the need for software adapted to the professions of all public institutions. These software are complex and particularly rich compared to classically used office software (Office, mailbox, etc.). On the other hand, we observe that the devices used to interact with these software did not evolve. Since several decades, the mouse and the keyboard remain the norm in a fixed environment. However, these devices have only few input degrees of freedom. The manipulation of multidimensional data with these devices induces a greater number of steps to perform a task, thus lengthening the interaction path. In this context, the objective of these thesis work is to improve the interaction flow with multidimensional data contained in the software of the public service through the increase of the input degrees of freedom proposed by the devices. Indeed, a larger amount of input degrees of freedom would reduce the number of steps necessary to the accomplishment of a given task, thus improving the interaction flow. We propose three major contributions: a device with multiple degrees of freedom, the Roly-Poly Mouse; a design space, DECO; as well as a set of interaction techniques with mobile devices based on the principle of stacking. A first contribution of our work is the design of a new device with multiple degrees of freedom: the Roly-Poly Mouse (RPM). This device, whose base is rounded, aims to replace the traditional mouse. It has 6 degrees of freedom (3 translations of which 2 exploited and 3 rotations). We evaluated its performance and compared it to other devices for a task requiring 6 degrees of freedom (3D object manipulation). A second contribution of our work is the definition of a design space focusing on the physical aspect of the composition of devices: DECO. DECO relies on two axes: physical arrangement and physical manipulation. From this design space, we designed a compound device: the Roly-Poly Mouse 2, a device consisting of the combination of a Roly-Poly Mouse and a traditional mouse. We evaluated its performance and compared it to other devices through a RST task (Rotate-Scale-Translate, 5D task). [...]
Gehin, Alexis. "Développement d’une méthodologie de conception de produits durables". Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPG0190.
Pełny tekst źródłaSustainable development obligate industrials to adopt a life cycle approach. The “principle of conservation” and the “extended producer responsibility” foster the development of closed-loop industrial systems, in which the product plays a central role. Products design adapted to these news systems is thus fundamental. In order to overcome the lack of methodologies in the early design phases for the evaluation of the environmental performance of the product and the benefits related to the component recovery strategies, we have developed a methodology for designing sustainable products. Based on simplified life cycle impact assessment and functional analysis, it aims at giving designers an additional design criteria for the decision process. Several propositions allow us to supply with a tool for simulating closed-loop lifecycles along with a product view supporting the products design
Schmitt, Bénédicte. "Conception de techniques d'interaction mixtes dédiées aux environnements virtuels hétérogènes : approche centrée sur les usages et guidée par les modèles". Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2460/.
Pełny tekst źródła3D environments are increasingly present in our life (games, cultural situation, or professional applications). At the same time, new interaction techniques continuously appear to improve the user interaction with systems. Evaluations are usually proposed to assess the implementation of an interaction technique in a specific type of environment for elementary tasks (e. G. Selection or navigation) to determine the consistency of the technique in terms of performance and satisfaction. Our works aim at defining an evaluation method in 3D environment that is based on the standard ISO 9241-9. To answer to issues of linked multi-views systems, we adapt the standard ISO 9241-9 to a heterogeneous environment that mixes 2D and 3D
Guillaume, Philippe. "Contribution aux aspects dorsaux de la synthèse de systèmes monopuces : optimisation de code pour processeurs embarqués, analyse de la consommation dans un environnement de synthèse comportementale". Grenoble INPG, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPG0069.
Pełny tekst źródłaSaïdi, Houssem Eddine. "Conception et évaluation de techniques d'interaction pour l'exploration de données complexes dans de larges espaces d'affichage". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30252/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaToday's ever-growing data is becoming increasingly complex due to its large volume and high dimensionality: it thus becomes crucial to explore interactive visualization environments that go beyond the traditional desktop in order to provide a larger display area and offer more efficient interaction techniques to manipulate the data. The main environments fitting the aforementioned description are: large displays, i.e. an assembly of displays amounting to a single space; Multi-display Environments (MDEs), i.e. a combination of heterogeneous displays (monitors, smartphones/tablets/wearables, interactive tabletops...) spatially distributed in the environment; and immersive environments, i.e. systems where everything can be used as a display surface, without imposing any bound between displays and immersing the user within the environment. The objective of our work is to design and experiment original and efficient interaction techniques well suited for each of the previously described environments. First, we focused on the interaction with large datasets on large displays. We specifically studied simultaneous interaction with multiple regions of interest of the displayed visualization. We implemented and evaluated an extension of the traditional overview+detail interface to tackle this problem: it consists of an overview+detail interface where the overview is displayed on a large screen and multiple detailed views are displayed on a tactile tablet. The interface allows the user to have up to four detailed views of the visualization at the same time. We studied its usefulness as well as the optimal number of detailed views that can be used efficiently. Second, we designed a novel touch-enabled device, TDome, to facilitate interactions in Multi- display environments. The device is composed of a dome-like base and provides up to 6 degrees of freedom, a touchscreen and a camera that can sense the environment. [...]
Saffar, Imen. "Vers une agentification de comportements observés : une approche originale basée sur l’apprentissage automatique pour la simulation d’un environnement réel". Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10190/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe design of simulation tools, which are able to reproduce the dynamics and evolution of complex real phenomena, is hard. Modeling these phenomena by analytical approaches is often unsuitable, forcing the designer to turn towards behavioral approaches. In this context, multi-agent simulations are now a credible alternative to the classical simulations. However, they remain difficult to implement. In fact, the designer of the simulation must be able to transcribe the dynamic of the phenomenon being observed in agents behavior. This step usually requires the skills of a specialist with some expertise in the phenomenon to be simulated. In this thesis, we propose a novel way to treat observing real behaviors to simulate, without resorting to the help of an expert.It is relying on unsupervised learning techniques to identify and extract behavior and facilitate the agentification. Our approach is, therefore, a step towards the automatic design of multi-agent simulations reproducing observable phenomena. This approach is motivated by an application context aiming the simulation of customers’ behavior within a retail space
Vu, thi Hanh. "Analyse des environnements supports à l'ingénierie collaborative synchrone à distance : approche ergonomique pour l'amélioration des outils via l'analyse des usages". Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENI065/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe design of complex industrial products requires the collaboration of several actors of various domains and is geographically distributed throughout the process of design. To improve the results with regard to the triptych quality, cost, time and of the globalization of markets, designers, distributed in the space and in the time need a working environment to collaborate, to: To create an understanding shared between the various actors of a team, the designers have to negotiate and argue the solutions. Share information on the product between various trades in the stages of the process of design. Synchronize the various versions of models of the product between the designers. Collaborative design is organized as alternating synchronous and asynchronous work, we wish to improve continuity of information flow between these different modes of collaboration. This requires improved communication technology tools in synchronous mode, and the possibility for developers to synchronize models modified versions asynchronously. This second point is obtained by identifying conflicts between version, and facilitation of synchronous argumentative dialogue to converge in the negotiation of choice for resolving these conflicts
Vechiu, Ionel. "Modélisation et analyse de l'intégration des énergies renouvelables dans un réseau autonome". Le Havre, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00179164.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn many of the remote areas, the diesel generator is the main source of power supply. The cost of grid extension is, and will probably continue to be, prohibitive and the fuel cost increases severely with the remoteness of the location. The combination of several energy sources (wind turbines, photovoltaic panels, small hydroelectric power plants etc. ) in a Hybrid Power System (HPS) can be very attractive for most of the remote areas, in terms of cost and availability. However, improvements of the design and operation of the HPS is still needed to allow this technology more competitive in remote areas. In this context, the work presented in this thesis gives a contribution to the behaviour analysis and the performances control of an HPS constituted by two renewable sources, a diesel generator and storage batteries. This kind of system is studied according to three aspects: sizing, maximizing the use of the renewable resource and power quality
Morel, Gilles. "Contribution au rapprochement entre l'ingénierie des connaissances et le génie logiciel dans le cadre de la conception d'applications techniques. Application au domaine de la gestion du risque inondation". Compiègne, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002COMP1394.
Pełny tekst źródłaTornay, Nathalie. "Vers des outils d'aide à la conception pour intégrer les dimensions techniques, écologiques et sensibles des matériaux de construction". Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAT0003/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe choice of materials and way of implementation is known and will be known as a significant growth in the world of architecture. Actually, changes are largely induced by technical dimension, but also representations and precepts that appear with the emergence of the concept of sustainable development in our society.Design support tools about materials scale focus on the physical dimensions (thermal, life cycle, refreshments, etc.). Our work is questioning the integration of technical, environmental and sensible dimensions in a design support tool based on reference. The referential activity is a specific approach in the initial phases of designing on a project. These phases correspond to crucial choice, which remain poorly assisted by digital tools.Our work aims to highlight the different characteristics of materials, but also their interactions. This study differs from conventional approaches of materials, which generally, constructive solutions are presented material by material. Indeed, we rely on a data structure and interdisciplinary knowledge (architecture, urbanism, landscape, aesthetic, technical, cognitive, perception approach, environmental approach, etc.).This research tends to be a first proposal for a design support tool named DILEM'MAtériaux that takes into account materials in their contribution to origin of founding ideas and definition of concept, in the initial phases of designing on a project
Ben, Ayed Ramzi. "Eco-conception d’une chaine de traction ferroviaire". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ECLI0009/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaWith the introduction of different environmental standards like ISO 14001, concerns of manufacturers in railway industry are more and more oriented to the design of green products. One important issue when designing such products is the control of the cost impact and the evaluation of the price which consumers agree to pay for a reduced environmental footprint.Eco-design of railway train presents several challenges for the designer. The first one is the complexity of the life cycle analysis of such components. The second challenge is the necessity of consideration of several environmental impacts in design stage given the number of impacts. Finally, railway components have different models with different granularity which can be used in the process of eco-design. To overcome these problems we propose in this work a method which involves two steps. The first one is to simplify the LCA of the railway train using environmental management software and take the opportunity to build a malleable model to calculate eleven impacts. The second step, is to aggregate these impacts for a single indicator which is considered later as environmental criterion in the eco-design process. In order to investigate optimization tools, the eco-design problem is expressed into an optimization problem. Optimization algorithms are able to solve this problem and to find the optimal set of compromises between environmental criterion and the cost of the railway product. The set of compromises is given as a graph called the Pareto front. In our work the cost is expressed by the mass of the component and some optimization algorithms have been adapted in this work to serve in the process of eco-design
Mani, misenga Rosette. "L’intelligence distribuée dans les objets : étude de cas sur les pratiques des voyageurs des banlieues à la gare parisienne du Nord". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN20011.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe purpose of this dissertation is to validate the hypothesis of the intelligence distributed in objects through a case study on traveler’s behavior while interacting with technical objects within stations and their relationship with the environment. The analysis centered on the notions of the technical object and derived from the ICS field enable to evolve the problematics on the “memory in technical objects”, by articulating the coupling object-travelers-time-space. The reflection carried by this study proposes to consider the technical objects located in stations as federative elements of intelligences issued from multiple communication artifacts in the collection, the productions and the data diffusion phases. Thus, the technical objects would be intelligent thanks to the crystallization of the collective memory (actors and environment). In the same dynamic, we will try to explore the notion of interactivity (exchanges man-engine), usually studied in its tactile aspect (retroaction by touch), in its visual dimension (retroaction by sight), and its auditive dimension (retroaction by hearing)
Tran, Tuan Vu. "Problèmes combinatoires et modèles multi-niveaux pour la conception optimale des machines électriques". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00425590.
Pełny tekst źródłaBerrebi, Johanna. "Contribution à l'intégration d'une liaison avionique sans fil. L'ingénierie système appliquée à une problématique industrielle". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00800141.
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