Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Computer terminals – Physiological aspects”
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Yin, Changxi, Yanchun Zhu, Xuefei Li i Yongjun Lin. "Molecular and Genetic Aspects of Grain Number Determination in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, nr 2 (13.01.2021): 728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020728.
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Rice grain yield is a complex trait determined by three components: panicle number, grain number per panicle (GNPP) and grain weight. GNPP is the major contributor to grain yield and is crucial for its improvement. GNPP is determined by a series of physiological and biochemical steps, including inflorescence development, formation of rachis branches such as primary rachis branches and secondary rachis branches, and spikelet specialisation (lateral and terminal spikelets). The molecular genetic basis of GNPP determination is complex, and it is regulated by numerous interlinked genes. In this review, panicle development and the determination of GNPP is described briefly, and GNPP-related genes that influence its determination are categorised according to their regulatory mechanisms. We introduce genes related to rachis branch development and their regulation of GNPP, genes related to phase transition (from rachis branch meristem to spikelet meristem) and their regulation of GNPP, and genes related to spikelet specialisation and their regulation of GNPP. In addition, we describe other GNPP-related genes and their regulation of GNPP. Research on GNPP determination suggests that it is possible to cultivate rice varieties with higher grain yield by modifying GNPP-related genes.
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Ma, Biao, Shangqi Nie, Minghui Ji, Jeho Song i Wei Wang. "Research and Analysis of Sports Training Real-Time Monitoring System Based on Mobile Artificial Intelligence Terminal". Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2020 (24.09.2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8879616.
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With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, related technologies and applications come into being, and industries based on artificial intelligence are booming, among which image recognition and target tracking technologies are widely used in various fields, especially in the fields of security monitoring and augmented reality. In this paper, combined with the characteristics of athletes, based on mobile artificial intelligence terminal technology, the C/S mode of athlete training process monitoring system is developed and designed, which uses GPS to obtain the real-time position information of athletes and provide real-time guidance for athletes. In order to reveal the changing rules of various indexes of athletes in training state, the author makes synchronous tracking analysis from the aspects of individual sports function characteristics of athletes, training plan arrangement of coaches, brain function state, routine physiological and biochemical indexes, nutrition regulation, and injury conditions.
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Ishitsuka, Yosuke, i Dennis R. Roop. "Loricrin: Past, Present, and Future". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, nr 7 (25.03.2020): 2271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072271.
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The terminal differentiation of the epidermis is a complex physiological process. During the past few decades, medical genetics has shown that defects in the stratum corneum (SC) permeability barrier cause a myriad of pathological conditions, ranging from common dry skin to lethal ichthyoses. Contrarily, molecular phylogenetics has revealed that amniotes have acquired a specialized form of cytoprotection cornification that provides mechanical resilience to the SC. This superior biochemical property, along with desiccation tolerance, is attributable to the proper formation of the macromolecular protein-lipid complex termed cornified cell envelopes (CE). Cornification largely depends on the peculiar biochemical and biophysical properties of loricrin, which is a major CE component. Despite its quantitative significance, loricrin knockout (LKO) mice have revealed it to be dispensable for the SC permeability barrier. Nevertheless, LKO mice have brought us valuable lessons. It is also becoming evident that absent loricrin affects skin homeostasis more profoundly in many more aspects than previously expected. Through an extensive review of aggregate evidence, we discuss herein the functional significance of the thiol-rich protein loricrin from a biochemical, genetic, pathological, metabolic, or immunological aspect with some theoretical and speculative perspectives.
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Epple, Bernhard, i Hennes Henniger. "Discussion on design aspects for free-space optical communication terminals". IEEE Communications Magazine 45, nr 10 (październik 2007): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2007.4342824.
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Andersson, G. B. J. "Biomechanical aspects of sitting: An application to VDT terminals". Behaviour & Information Technology 6, nr 3 (lipiec 1987): 257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01449298708901833.
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Bittante, Alice, i Henrik Saxén. "Design of Small LNG Supply Chain by Multi-Period Optimization". Energies 13, nr 24 (18.12.2020): 6704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246704.
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A mathematical model for the design of small-scale supply chains for liquefied natural gas (LNG) has been developed. It considers the maritime delivery of LNG from supply ports to satellite terminals and land-based transports from the terminals to consumers on or off the coast. Both tactical and strategic aspects in the supply chain design are addressed by optimizing the maritime routing of a heterogeneous fleet of ships, truck connections, and the locations of the satellite terminals. The objective is to minimize the overall cost, including operation and investment costs for the selected time horizon. The model is expressed as a mixed-integer linear programming problem, applying a multi-period formulation to determine optimal storage sizes and inventory at the satellite terminals. Two case studies illustrate the model, where optimal LNG supply chains for a region with sparsely distributed island (without land transports) and a coastal region at a gulf (with both sea and land transports) are designed. The model is demonstrated to be a flexible tool suited for the initial design and feasibility analysis of small-scale LNG supply chains.
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Nowak, Gabriel, Marta Kubera i Michael Maes. "Neuroimmunological aspects of the alterations in zinc homeostasis in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression". Acta Neuropsychiatrica 12, nr 2 (czerwiec 2000): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0924270800035705.
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SUMMARYZinc is a trace element which plays a fundamental role in a wide range of biochemical processes in living organisms. Zinc is an essential component of various proteins and is an important factor for physiological function of the mammalian nervous and immune systems. In the central nervous system (CNS), zinc is found at high concentrations in hippocampal neurons. These neurons possess mechanisms for zinc uptake and storage in synaptic terminals and for the stimulation of zinc release along with neurotransmitters. In the central nervous system, zinc modulates predominantly the excitatory (glutamatergic) and inhibitory (GABAergic) amino acid neurotransmission pathways. In the immune system, zinc is necessary for the physiological activity of the thymus and T-cell-dependent responses. Zinc deficiency impairs the activities of the neuroendocrine and immune systems in mammalian organisms. This paper reviews the alterations in the blood and brain zinc concentrations in relation to the neuroimmune pathophysiology and treatment of depression. Major depression is related to lowered serum zinc concentrations, which may be caused by the acute phase and the inflammatory response in that illness. Repeated administration of antidepressants selectively increases and redistributes brain zinc in the hippocampus. Since zinc is an inhibitor of the glutama-te/NMDA receptor, these data are in accordance with the glutamate hypothesis of antidepressant action.
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Bessler, Sandford. "A System for Locating Mobile Terminals with Tunable Privacy". Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 2, nr 2 (1.08.2007): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jtaer2020016.
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A number of approaches for capturing and processing location information of mobile users have been proposed in the past; however, only with the latest advances in the handset technology, a terminal-based positioning approach, using overlay SIP signaling on top of a packet switched bearer and area notification as basic functionality becomes feasible for mass applications. Especially in electronic commerce scenarios, in which users often interact with non-trusted services and shops, any location-based solution has to consider privacy aspects as well. The terminal-centric model presented in the paper leads to a simple and efficient way to achieve tunable privacy: mobile users define own "zones" and selectively disclose them to their buddies and to external services. As a result, localization can be performed only in the allowed places and by the allowed watchers, both parameters being configured by the user herself on her mobile terminal. We describe the system architecture, protocols and present representative technical scenarios.
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Comitato, Antonella, i Rita Bardoni. "Presynaptic Inhibition of Pain and Touch in the Spinal Cord: From Receptors to Circuits". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, nr 1 (2.01.2021): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010414.
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Sensory primary afferent fibers, conveying touch, pain, itch, and proprioception, synapse onto spinal cord dorsal horn neurons. Primary afferent central terminals express a wide variety of receptors that modulate glutamate and peptide release. Regulation of the amount and timing of neurotransmitter release critically affects the integration of postsynaptic responses and the coding of sensory information. The role of GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) receptors expressed on afferent central terminals is particularly important in sensory processing, both in physiological conditions and in sensitized states induced by chronic pain. During the last decade, techniques of opto- and chemogenetic stimulation and neuronal selective labeling have provided interesting insights on this topic. This review focused on the recent advances about the modulatory effects of presynaptic GABAergic receptors in spinal cord dorsal horn and the neural circuits involved in these mechanisms.
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Nikolaeva, Shantimora Gala, i Dan Nathan-Roberts. "Various Aspects of the Human Factor in Online Education". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, nr 1 (wrzesień 2016): 1279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601297.
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The goal of this proceeding is to summarize the current research trends in human factors of studying Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), and to quantify the frequency of literature publications each of these trends. This proceeding performs quantitative analysis of 154 sources, grouped by key aspects of research: psychological, technological, and physiological, and by the main object/subject of study: learner, instructor, or teaching methodologies. Based on the results of this analysis, two suggestions can be made: a.) further research of effective human-computer interactions in online education may involve studying basic physiological and psychological processing of information received through mobile devices and computer interfaces, and b.) more attention may be devoted to instructor’s side of MOOCs: their experience, needs, and feedback.
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Chang i Zhu. "A Novel Two-Stage Heuristic for Solving Storage Space Allocation Problems in Rail–Water Intermodal Container Terminals". Symmetry 11, nr 10 (2.10.2019): 1229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11101229.
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In the past, most researchers have paid attention to the storage space allocation problem in maritime container terminals, while few have studied this problem in rail–water intermodal container terminals. Therefore, this paper proposes a storage space allocation problem to look for a symmetry point between the efficiency and effectivity of rail–water intermodal container terminals and the unbalanced allocations and reallocation operations of inbound containers in the railway operation area, which are two interactive aspects. In this paper, a two-stage model on the storage space allocation problem is formulated, whose objective is to balance inbound container distribution and minimize overlapping amounts, considering both stacking principles, such as container departure time, weight and stacking height, and containers left in railway container yards from earlier planning periods. In Stage 1, a novel simulated annealing algorithm based on heuristics is introduced and a new heuristic algorithm based on a rolling horizon approach is developed in Stage 2. Computational experiments are implemented to verify that the model and algorithm we introduce can enhance the storage effect feasibly and effectively. Additionally, two comparison experiments are carried out: the results show that the approach in the paper performs better than the regular allocation approach and weight constraint is the most important influence on container storage.
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Wang, Haiwei, Jianrong Liu i Feng You. "Physiological Characteristics and Nonparametric Test for Master-Slave Driving Task’s Mental Workload Evaluation in Mountain Area Highway at Night". Journal of Advanced Transportation 2019 (3.12.2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2061532.
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With the rapid development of advanced mobile intelligent terminals, driving tasks are diverse, and new traffic safety problems occur. We propose a new research on physiological characteristics and nonparametric tests for the master-slave driving task, especially for evaluation of drivers’ mental workload in mountain area highway in nighttime scenario. First, we establish the experimental platform based driving simulator and design the master-slave driving task. Second, based on the physiological data and subjective evaluation for mental workload, we use statistical methods to composite the physical changes evolution analysis in a driving simulator. Finally, we finished nonparametric test of the drivers’ psychological load and road test. The results show that in compassion with the daytime scenario, drivers should pay much effort to driving skills and risk identification in the nighttime scenario. Thus, in the same driving condition, drivers should bear the higher level of mental workload, and it has been subjected to even greater pressures and intensity of emotions.
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Granger, P., i H. Depoortere. "Aspects of Sleep-Wakefulness Architecture by Computer Analysis in Cats". Neuropsychobiology 19, nr 4 (1988): 212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000118462.
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Wang, Qingyu. "Tennis Online Teaching Information Platform Based on Android Mobile Intelligent Terminal". Mobile Information Systems 2021 (29.06.2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2932441.
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With the development of the information age, there is almost one mobile smart device based on android, which is inseparable from mobile smart devices in both learning and life. In order to explore the effects of mobile smart devices on tennis teaching, this article mainly introduces the research on the tennis online teaching information platform based on android mobile smart terminals. This article first uses the android system framework and software architecture to design the technical aspects of the tennis online teaching information platform and then analyzes and improves the functional and nonfunctional requirements of the tennis online teaching information platform and students’ needs for mobile learning. For the design of aspects other than the technology of the online teaching information platform, the control group and the experimental group were designed to carry out teaching experiments, comparing the traditional teaching methods and the teaching methods of the online teaching information platform to bring out different teaching effects to tennis teaching. The results show that online teaching has a better learning effect on tennis skills and tennis theory knowledge, and the academic performance of the traditional teaching method is improved by 20%. In terms of increasing interest in tennis courses, the online teaching information platform has improved 70% of students’ interest.
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Babiker, Areej, Yahia Baashar, Ammar Ahmed Alkahtani, Ibrahima Faye i Gamal Alkawsi. "Towards Detection of Interest Using Physiological Sensors". Applied Sciences 11, nr 3 (1.02.2021): 1318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11031318.
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The positive effects of interest on different aspects, e.g., learning and education, economy, psychological well-being, and social relations, have been widely addressed by many psychological and physiological studies in the last two decades. While the psychological work has investigated this impact of interest theoretically, the physiological studies have focused more on the modulatory effects. However, some studies have addressed both sides of the effects. In this work, we conduct a comprehensive review of physiological studies on interest detection, from different perspectives carried out between 2003 and 2019. A lack of connection between the psychological and physiological studies was identified. Therefore, this paper aims to integrate the unique psychological and physiological aspects and characteristics of interest to form a base for future research by considering the pros and cons of the included studies. For example, considering the two types of interest (situational and individual) the detected interest in learning, gaming, and advertisement’s physiological experiments could be referring specifically to situational interest. Hence, bridging the gap between both physiological and psychological studies is essential for improving the research on interest. Furthermore, we propose several suggestions for future work direction.
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Kurzanov, A. N., i I. M. Bykov. "NEUROMODULATOR LIGAND-RECEPTOR SYSTEM TIP39 - PTH2R". Crimea Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 10, nr 2 (2020): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2224-6444-2020-10-2-78-85.
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Widely spread axon terminals of TIP39 neurons have a distribution similar to PTH2R containing neurons and their fibers which provides an anatomic base of neuromodulation action of TIP39. This functional and anatomic link- ing lets state that TIP39 and PTH2R form a neuromodulator ligand-receptor system. Basing on mechanisms of signal transmission used by TIP39 and PTH2R, they can form a neuromodulator system in many brain parts. TIP39-PTH2R system is a unique neuropeptide-receptor system, which localization and functions in the central nervous system differ from any other neuropeptides. Neuromodulator system TIP39-PTH2R predominantly participates in neuroendocrinal modulation by affecting the endocrinal system by means of its presence in several areas of hypothalamus. TIP39 influences neurons that contain somatostatin and corticotropin-releasing hormone. TIP39 can affect the release of adrenocorticotropin, luteinizing hormone, growth hormone and arginine-vasopressin from hypophysis. Experimental data prove that TIP39 modulates regulatory network of anxiety and depression, several aspects of stress reaction and also controls body temperature, participates in processing of auditory and nociceptive information. Physiological role of TIP39-PTH2R system is still to some extent unknown. However, distribution of PTH2R and TIP39 in tissues outside central nervous system assumes other potential physiological effects for this signal way. It is assumed that TIP39- PTH2R system should be probably considered as a potential therapeutic target for treatment of anxiety, depression and chronic pain, control and correction of neuroendocrine disruptions.
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Ciruela, Francisco. "Special Issue: G Protein-Coupled Adenosine Receptors: Molecular Aspects and Beyond". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, nr 6 (15.03.2020): 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21061997.
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Adenosine is a purine nucleoside present in all human cells where it plays many different physiological roles: From being a building block for nucleic acids to a key constituent of the biological energy currency ATP [...]
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Li, Xiaohe, Xingming Zhang i Haoxiang Wang. "A Research on Fast Face Feature Points Detection on Smart Mobile Devices". Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9729014.
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We explore how to leverage the performance of face feature points detection on mobile terminals from 3 aspects. First, we optimize the models used in SDM algorithms via PCA and Spectrum Clustering. Second, we propose an evaluation criterion using Linear Discriminative Analysis to choose the best local feature descriptions which plays a critical role in feature points detection. Third, we take advantage of multicore architecture of mobile terminal and parallelize the optimized SDM algorithm to improve the efficiency further. The experiment observations show that our final accomplished GPC-SDM (improved Supervised Descent Method using spectrum clustering, PCA, and GPU acceleration) suppresses the memory usage, which is beneficial and efficient to meet the real-time requirements.
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Lv, Kaiyue, Zhong Sun i Min Xu. "Artificial Intelligent Based Video Analysis on the Teaching Interaction Patterns in Classroom Environment". International Journal of Information and Education Technology 11, nr 3 (2021): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2021.11.3.1500.
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Recently, the development of technology has enriched the form of classroom interaction. Exploring the characteristics of current classroom teaching interaction forms can clarify the deficiencies of teaching interactions, thereby improving teaching. Based on the existing classroom teaching interactive coding system, this paper adopted ITIAS coding system, and took classroom with interactive whiteboard, interactive television or mobile terminals as research scene, selected 20 classroom videos of teaching cases in this environment as research objects. Computer vision, one of the artificial intelligent technologies was applied for video analysis from four aspects: the classroom teaching atmosphere, the teacher-student interaction, the student-student interaction, the interaction between human and technology. Through cluster analysis, three clusters of sample’s behavioral sequences were found. According to the analysis on the behavioral sequences and the behavioral transition diagram of each cluster, three classroom teaching interaction patterns were identified, including immediate interaction pattern, waiting interaction pattern and shallow interaction pattern.
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Lin, Jen-Wei, Qinghao Fu i Tariq Allana. "Probing the Endogenous Ca2+ Buffers at the Presynaptic Terminals of the Crayfish Neuromuscular Junction". Journal of Neurophysiology 94, nr 1 (lipiec 2005): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00617.2004.
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Ca2+ indicators of varying affinity and mobility were pressure injected into the presynaptic axon of the inhibitor of the crayfish neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Fluorescence transients recorded at a 2-kHz resolution were used to probe physiological parameters governing the decay of fluorescence transients within 100 ms after an action potential (early decay). Blocking Ca2+ extrusion or Ca2+ sequestration processes did not significantly alter early decay, arguing against a role for either mechanism. Fluorescence transients recorded with low mobility or fixed indicators exhibited early decay similar to that recorded with indicators of comparable affinity but high mobility, suggesting that early decay was not due to the rate of Ca2+-indicator diffusion. The extent of early decay correlated closely with the affinity, but not mobility, of the Ca2+ sensitive dyes tested. These results implicate intrinsic buffers with slow Ca2+ binding kinetics as the most likely determinants of early decay. However, computer simulations showed that intrinsic buffers with a slow binding rate are unlikely to be the only ones present in the system because the slow kinetics would be unable to buffer incoming Ca2+ during an action potential and would result in momentary indicator saturation. In fact, experimental data show that the peak amplitude of an action potential activated Ca2+ transient is about 20% of the maximal fluorescence intensity activated by prolonged Ca2+ influx. We conclude that endogenous buffering at the crayfish NMJ includes both fast and slow components, the former being fast enough to compete with fast Ca2+ indicators, and the latter dictating the early decay.
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Amadeo, Alida, Sara Pizzi, Alessandro Comincini, Debora Modena, Alessandra Maria Calogero, Laura Madaschi, Gaia Faustini i in. "The Association between α-Synuclein and α-Tubulin in Brain Synapses". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, nr 17 (25.08.2021): 9153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179153.
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α-synuclein is a small protein that is mainly expressed in the synaptic terminals of nervous tissue. Although its implication in neurodegeneration is well established, the physiological role of α-synuclein remains elusive. Given its involvement in the modulation of synaptic transmission and the emerging role of microtubules at the synapse, the current study aimed at investigating whether α-synuclein becomes involved with this cytoskeletal component at the presynapse. We first analyzed the expression of α-synuclein and its colocalization with α-tubulin in murine brain. Differences were found between cortical and striatal/midbrain areas, with substantia nigra pars compacta and corpus striatum showing the lowest levels of colocalization. Using a proximity ligation assay, we revealed the direct interaction of α-synuclein with α-tubulin in murine and in human brain. Finally, the previously unexplored interaction of the two proteins in vivo at the synapse was disclosed in murine striatal presynaptic boutons through multiple approaches, from confocal spinning disk to electron microscopy. Collectively, our data strongly suggest that the association with tubulin/microtubules might actually be an important physiological function for α-synuclein in the synapse, thus suggesting its potential role in a neuropathological context.
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Bargaz, Adnane, Mainassara Zaman-Allah, Mohamed Farissi, Mohamed Lazali, Jean-Jacques Drevon, Rim Maougal i Carlsson Georg. "Physiological and Molecular Aspects of Tolerance to Environmental Constraints in Grain and Forage Legumes". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 16, nr 8 (13.08.2015): 18976–9008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms160818976.
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Persiani, Sandra G. L., Bilge Kobas, Sebastian Clark Koth i Thomas Auer. "Biometric Data as Real-Time Measure of Physiological Reactions to Environmental Stimuli in the Built Environment". Energies 14, nr 1 (4.01.2021): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14010232.
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The physiological and cognitive effects of environmental stimuli from the built environment on humans have been studied for more than a century, over short time frames in terms of comfort, and over long-time frames in terms of health and wellbeing. The strong interdependence of objective and subjective factors in these fields of study has traditionally involved the necessity to rely on a number of qualitative sources of information, as self-report variables, which however, raise criticisms concerning their reliability and precision. Recent advancements in sensing technology and data processing methodologies have strongly contributed towards a renewed interest in biometric data as a potential high-precision tool to study the physiological effects of selected stimuli on humans using more objective and real-time measures. Within this context, this review reports on a broader spectrum of available and advanced biosensing techniques used in the fields of building engineering, human physiology, neurology, and psychology. The interaction and interdependence between (i) indoor environmental parameters and (ii) biosignals identifying human physiological response to the environmental stressors are systematically explored. Online databases ScienceDirect, Scopus, MDPI and ResearchGate were scanned to gather all relevant publications in the last 20 years, identifying and listing tools and methods of biometric data collection, assessing the potentials and drawbacks of the most relevant techniques. The review aims to support the introduction of biomedical signals as a tool for understanding the physiological aspects of indoor comfort in the view of achieving an improved balance between human resilience and building resilience, addressing human indoor health as well as energetic and environmental building performance.
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Khoirunnisaa', Khoirunnisaa'. "Perilaku Individu dalam Lembaga Pendidikan Islam". An-Nuha : Jurnal Kajian Islam, Pendidikan, Budaya dan Sosial 8, nr 1 (7.07.2021): 131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36835/annuha.v8i1.401.
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The study of aspects of human behavior in a particular group which includes aspects caused by the influence of organizations on humans as well as human influences on organizations including organizational behavior. There are two factors that influence individual behavior towards Islamic educational institutions, namely internal and external factors. Internal factors include heredity (heredity or innate). External factors include the environment, maturity or experience and education. While the individual behavior analysis variables include psychological, physiological and environmental variables. Psychological variables include perceptions, personality attitudes, learning and motivation. Physiological variables include physical abilities and mental abilities. And environmental variables include family, culture and social class. As an initial understanding to be able to understand individual behavior well, it is necessary to understand the characteristics inherent in individuals which include biographical characteristics, personality, perceptions and attitudes. The verses of the Qur'an relating to individual behavior form the basis that Islamic educational institutions have hinted that humans have positive and negative potentials in behavior, and in essence the positive potential of humans is stronger than their negative potential.
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Barfield, Woodrow, i Eric Danas. "Comments on the Use of Olfactory Displays for Virtual Environments". Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 5, nr 1 (styczeń 1996): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres.1996.5.1.109.
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Currently, the hardware to produce virtual environments does not include olfactory displays, in spite of the fact that a wealth of sensory information is available from the olfactory sense. This paper reviews the physiological and psychological aspects of olfaction and discusses the use of olfactory displays for virtual environments. Further, it outlines the information that will be needed by the virtual environment research community to integrate olfactory stimuli into virtual environments.
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Weisberg, David E. "The Electronic Push". Mechanical Engineering 122, nr 04 (1.04.2000): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2000-apr-4.
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This article explains the concept and various aspects of mechanical design automation (MDA). The use of computers for mechanical design is often referred to as MDA. Serious commercialization of computer graphics for design and drafting began in 1969 with the founding of Computervision and Application. The commercial market picked up significantly in 1975, when new 19-inch storage tube display terminals became readily available from Tektronix. These units could be used with minicomputers without custom interfaces, and they could display substantially larger drawings than the older, 11-inch units. The 1980s saw tremendous growth and change in mechanical design automation. While the predominant computer continued to be the 16-bit Digital PDP-11, there was growing interest in Digital’s 32-bit VAX 11 /780. Display products were starting their transition from Tektronix’s storage tube units to raster displays, with color raster just around the corner. The 1990s was a decade of constant movement for the MDA industry.
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Clewell, Harvey J., i Melvin E. Andersen. "Risk Assessment Extrapolations and Physiological Modeling". Toxicology and Industrial Health 1, nr 4 (październik 1985): 111–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823378500100408.
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The process of assessing the risk associated with human exposure to environmental chemicals inevitably relies on a number of assumptions, estimates and rationalizations. One of the more challenging aspects of risk assessment involves the need to extrapolate beyond the range of conditions used in experimental animal studies to predict anticipated human risks. The most obvious extrapolation required is that from the tested animal species to humans; but others are also generally required, including extrapolating from high dose to low dose, from one route of exposure to another and from one exposure timeframe to another. Several avenues are available for attempting these extrapolations, ranging from the assumption of strict correspondence of dose to the use of statistical correlations. One promising alternative for conducting more scientifically sound extrapolations is that of using physiologically based pharmacokinetic models that contain sufficient biological detail to allow pharmacokinetic behavior to be predicted for widely different exposure scenarios. In recent years, successful physiological models have been developed for a variety of volatile and nonvolatile chemicals, and their ability to perform the extrapolations needed in risk assessment has been demonstrated. Techniques for determining the necessary biochemical parameters are readily available, and the computational requirements are now within the scope of even a personal computer. In addition to providing a sound framework for extrapolation, the predictive power of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model makes it a useful tool for more reliable dose selection before beginning large-scale studies, as well as for the retrospective analysis of experimental results.
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Carulli, Daniela, i Joost Verhaagen. "An Extracellular Perspective on CNS Maturation: Perineuronal Nets and the Control of Plasticity". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, nr 5 (28.02.2021): 2434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052434.
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During restricted time windows of postnatal life, called critical periods, neural circuits are highly plastic and are shaped by environmental stimuli. In several mammalian brain areas, from the cerebral cortex to the hippocampus and amygdala, the closure of the critical period is dependent on the formation of perineuronal nets. Perineuronal nets are a condensed form of an extracellular matrix, which surrounds the soma and proximal dendrites of subsets of neurons, enwrapping synaptic terminals. Experimentally disrupting perineuronal nets in adult animals induces the reactivation of critical period plasticity, pointing to a role of the perineuronal net as a molecular brake on plasticity as the critical period closes. Interestingly, in the adult brain, the expression of perineuronal nets is remarkably dynamic, changing its plasticity-associated conditions, including memory processes. In this review, we aimed to address how perineuronal nets contribute to the maturation of brain circuits and the regulation of adult brain plasticity and memory processes in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Мезенцева, Larisa Mezentseva, Перцов i S. Pertsov. "Stability of Physiological Functions and Methods of Its Estimation". Journal of New Medical Technologies 21, nr 1 (4.06.2014): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/3301.
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Problem of physiological functions stability is the important part of the theoretical physiology. P.K.Anohin´s basic ideas - the theory of functional systems and systemic approach to study of physiological functions have begun the development of theoretical physiology and mathematical modeling in biomedicine. In this paper methodological aspects of using of various biomodels for an estimation of stability of physiological functions are considered. Experimental, genetic, mathematical and computer biomodels are described. Practical techniques of an estimation of stability are illustrated on an example of stability of cardiovascular functions to stressor loads. Examples of different experimental models of stress and methods of estimation of stressor loads influence on cardiac electrical stability are described. Cardiac electrical stability was estimated by thresholds for ventricular fibrillation. Besides experimental, examples of mathematical and computer methods of an estimation of stability of cardiovascular functions to stressor loads are presented. Mathematical model that enables to investigate the stability of heart rate dynamics to stressor loads is based on quantitative characteristics of impulse conduction in heart conducting system. The model describes the phenomena observed at gradual increase of stressor intensity. It was shown the existence of a critical point of transition of heart rate dynamics from linear to chaotic mode. The results show that the greatest stability is notable for the linear regime. For this regime small errors in values of initial conditions can’t sharply change the initial dynamics of RR intervals.
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Ashifa, Dr K. M., i -. "Addictive Behaviour among Women Viewers of Indian Soap Opera". Webology 18, Special Issue 03 (29.04.2021): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/web/v18si03/web18030.
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Media is an integral part of society and it plays vital role for inculcating information. In the course of accomplishing its duties and functions, media, especially television influence on society relatively depending on the audience it reaches. Soaps have a predominant female audience. Some soaps do include men viewers but some social researchers pointed, women are considering most peculiar viewers. They are emotionally attached and value particular soaps in their personal and domestic life. Today people are leading a fast life. People should have some kind of recreation in their get relation of their physical and psychological balances of life. So, different people have different activities to spend their leisure. Based on the present study, most of the women are getting involved with the soap opera and were emotionally attached and curiously waiting for next episodes as it is effecting social, family and occupational life. So the present study tried to come out with fact of effects of soap operas’ on women’s behaviour in the aspects of socio- cultural aspects, economic aspects, psychological aspects, physiological aspects and functional aspects.
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Ashrafuzzaman, Md. "Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Ion Channel Bioinformatics". Membranes 11, nr 9 (31.08.2021): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11090672.
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Ion channels are linked to important cellular processes. For more than half a century, we have been learning various structural and functional aspects of ion channels using biological, physiological, biochemical, and biophysical principles and techniques. In recent days, bioinformaticians and biophysicists having the necessary expertise and interests in computer science techniques including versatile algorithms have started covering a multitude of physiological aspects including especially evolution, mutations, and genomics of functional channels and channel subunits. In these focused research areas, the use of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL) algorithms and associated models have been found very popular. With the help of available articles and information, this review provide an introduction to this novel research trend. Ion channel understanding is usually made considering the structural and functional perspectives, gating mechanisms, transport properties, channel protein mutations, etc. Focused research on ion channels and related findings over many decades accumulated huge data which may be utilized in a specialized scientific manner to fast conclude pinpointed aspects of channels. AI, ML, and DL techniques and models may appear as helping tools. This review aims at explaining the ways we may use the bioinformatics techniques and thus draw a few lines across the avenue to let the ion channel features appear clearer.
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Santiago-Moreno, Julian, i Elisabeth Blesbois. "Functional Aspects of Seminal Plasma in Bird Reproduction". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, nr 16 (7.08.2020): 5664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21165664.
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This review provides an updated overview of the seminal plasma composition, and the role of metabolic and protein components on the sperm function of avian species. In addition, the implication of seminal plasma on assisted reproductive techniques of birds was discussed. The semen of birds usually has exceptionally high sperm concentration with relatively little seminal plasma, but this contributes to very fast changes in sperm metabolism and function. The biochemical characteristics and physiological roles of the various seminal plasma components in birds (carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, hormones, and proteins) are poorly understood. Seminal plasma content of proteins has an action on most cellular functions: metabolism, immunity, oxido-reduction regulation, proteolysis, apoptosis, ion homeostasis, and antimicrobial defenses. The variable amount of many proteins is related to a different fertility capacity of poultry sperm. The role of seminal plasma on semen conservation (chilling and freezing) remains largely a matter of speculation, as both inhibitory and stimulating effects have been found. Whereas the presence of seminal plasma did not seem to affect the sperm survival after freezing–thawing, DNA fragmentation is lower in the absence of seminal plasma. The molecular basis of the influence of seminal plasma on sperm cryo-resistance was also discussed in the present review.
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Fieselmann, Andreas, Markus Kowarschik, Arundhuti Ganguly, Joachim Hornegger i Rebecca Fahrig. "Deconvolution-Based CT and MR Brain Perfusion Measurement: Theoretical Model Revisited and Practical Implementation Details". International Journal of Biomedical Imaging 2011 (2011): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/467563.
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Deconvolution-based analysis of CT and MR brain perfusion data is widely used in clinical practice and it is still a topic of ongoing research activities. In this paper, we present a comprehensive derivation and explanation of the underlying physiological model for intravascular tracer systems. We also discuss practical details that are needed to properly implement algorithms for perfusion analysis. Our description of the practical computer implementation is focused on the most frequently employed algebraic deconvolution methods based on the singular value decomposition. In particular, we further discuss the need for regularization in order to obtain physiologically reasonable results. We include an overview of relevant preprocessing steps and provide numerous references to the literature. We cover both CT and MR brain perfusion imaging in this paper because they share many common aspects. The combination of both the theoretical as well as the practical aspects of perfusion analysis explicitly emphasizes the simplifications to the underlying physiological model that are necessary in order to apply it to measured data acquired with current CT and MR scanners.
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Pohjanvirta, Raimo, i Matti Viluksela. "Novel Aspects of Toxicity Mechanisms of Dioxins and Related Compounds". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, nr 7 (28.03.2020): 2342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072342.
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Dioxins and related compounds are common environmental contaminants. Although their levels have gone down, they are still of concern, in particular regarding developmental toxicity. The adverse effects of these compounds are mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), whose canonical signaling pathway has been unveiled in fair detail. The alternative (non-genomic) pathways are much more obscure. AHR has also proven to be a master regulator of numerous physiological phenomena, which has led to the search of selective AHR modulators with low toxicity. Papers of this Special Issue address the developmental toxicity of dioxins and related compounds as well as selective modulators of AHR and both its canonical and alternative signaling pathways. In addition, new optical and stereoscopic methods for the detection of dioxins are presented. As a whole, this Special Issue provides an up-to-date view on a wide variety of aspects related to dioxin toxicity mechanisms from both original research articles and reviews.
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Markush, J. Peter C., Gary J. Grimes i Jonathan R. Merril. "Investigations toward Using VRML for Distributed Medical Collaboration". Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 9, nr 4 (sierpień 2000): 383–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/105474600566880.
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This report describes preliminary research and experiments towards the collaborative viewing and manipulation of three-dimensional computer models of human anatomy and physiology on low-end computers using limited bandwidth. A proposed system is described using a set of recommended requirements. Experiments that were conducted to explore the feasibility of some aspects of the proposed system are also described. The resulting experimental system was implemented on networked 100 MHz and 90 MHz Pentium-based computers enhanced with 3-D graphics accelerators. Geometry for the anatomy models were stored in Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) version 1.0 files, which could be accessed remotely over the Internet. Some models were later implemented as VRML 2.0 files, which enabled the storage of simple physiological behaviors with the geometry. The use of VRML, the de facto standard file format for 3-D modeling on the Web, in a medical collaboration system would help make such systems, which have been typically implemented on special-purpose hardware with proprietary anatomical and physiological models, much more accessible.
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Miller, Anne, Cathie Steele i Carlos Scheinkestel. "Extending clinical information systems design in the ICU". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 51, nr 11 (październik 2007): 697–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120705101120.
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Miller and Sanderson (2003b) presented promising results for a prototype clinical information design developed according to Ecological Interface Design principles, but the size of the prototype made it impractical for onscreen display. This paper replicates the previous study using an onscreen presentation of the original EID divided according to functional systems. As in the original study, nurses' ability to detect patient change events was enhanced using the onscreen EID. However, there are differences between doctors' performance using the original and using the onscreen EID. Unlike the original participants, doctors were better able to agree about physiological systems failure, but also unlike the original participants, showed no significant differences in their ability to agree about the patients' current diagnostic state using the onscreen EID or conventional charts. This later ability is clinically more important. It was concluded that while dividing the original EID had no appreciable effect on nurses and enhanced some abilities among doctors, this was at the expense of more clinically significant abilities. It may be necessary to rethink the appropriateness of limited real-estate, office style computer terminals in intensive care units.
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Fleshman, J. W., I. Segev i R. B. Burke. "Electrotonic architecture of type-identified alpha-motoneurons in the cat spinal cord". Journal of Neurophysiology 60, nr 1 (1.07.1988): 60–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1988.60.1.60.
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1. Measurements of input resistance (RN), time constant (tau 0), and electrotonic length (Lpeel) were derived from intracellular voltage changes produced by injection of current pulses in six type-identified triceps surae alpha-motoneurons. The motoneurons were labeled with horseradish peroxidase and subsequently reconstructed and measured from serial sections. These quantitative morphological and physiological data were incorporated into detailed computer models of the motoneurons. 2. Steady-state and dynamic models were used to determine values for specific membrane resistivity (Rm) that matched the experimental estimates of RN, tau 0, and Lpeel for each motoneurons. The models were based on the following assumptions 1) the membrane was electrically passive, 2) cytoplasmic resistivity (Ri) was 70 omega-cm, and 3) "sealed-end" boundary conditions were present at dendritic terminations. We also considered the nature and magnitude of possible errors introduced by using linear (passive) computer models to match responses from motoneurons with nonlinear (i.e., voltage-dependent) conductances. 3. If we assume that the experimental measurements of RN and tau 0 were correct, uniform Rm values that reproduced the experimentally measured RN required widely varying values of Cm (1.4-8.6 microF/cm2) to match the experimental tau 0. Furthermore, the electrotonic distance to dendritic terminals was generally much greater than expected from physiological estimates of Lpeel. However, if we assumed that the RN measurements could have been underestimated by as much as 30% and that Cm = 1.0 microF/cm2, it was possible to choose spatially uniform Rm that matched the observed tau 0 in three of six cases. 4. Relaxing the assumption of spatially uniform membrane resistivity permitted us to reconcile the anatomical and physiological characteristics of all six motoneurons. Two qualitatively different models of Rm nonuniformity gave equally good fits to the experimental results 1) a step-wise increase in Rm from a low value at the soma to a much higher but uniform value over the entire dendritic tree, and 2) a monotonic increase in Rm from soma to distal dendrites as a sigmoidal function of path distance along the dendrites. The step and sigmoidal models of the spatial distribution of Rm generated different electrotonic architectures in motoneuron dendritic trees, but both gave essentially identical electrical responses at the soma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Ranieri, Marianna. "Renal Ca2+ and Water Handling in Response to Calcium Sensing Receptor Signaling: Physiopathological Aspects and Role of CaSR-Regulated microRNAs". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, nr 21 (27.10.2019): 5341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20215341.
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Calcium (Ca2+) is a universal and vital intracellular messenger involved in a diverse range of cellular and biological processes. Changes in the concentration of extracellular Ca2+ can disrupt the normal cellular activities and the physiological function of these systems. The calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is a unique G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activated by extracellular Ca2+ and by other physiological cations, aminoacids, and polyamines. CaSR is the main controller of the extracellular Ca2+ homeostatic system by regulating parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion and, in turn, Ca2+ absorption and resorption. Recent advances highlight novel signaling pathways activated by CaSR signaling involving the regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are naturally-occurring small non-coding RNAs that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression and are involved in several diseases. We previously described that high luminal Ca2+ in the renal collecting duct attenuates short-term vasopressin-induced aquaporin-2 (AQP2) trafficking through CaSR activation. Moreover, we demonstrated that CaSR signaling reduces AQP2 abundance via AQP2-targeting miRNA-137. This review summarizes the recent data related to CaSR-regulated miRNAs signaling pathways in the kidney.
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UCHIDA, Kazuhiko, Takeshi FUJISAKI, Yuriko HACHIYA, Rie YOSHIKAWA, Susumu ODA, Koji MORI i Harutoshi OGAI. "Fatigue Estimation of Visual Display Terminal (VDT) Workers by Physiological Data －Preliminary Study of a New Computer Program for VDT Work Analysis－". Journal of UOEH 26, nr 3 (2004): 315–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7888/juoeh.26.315.
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Sharma, Shalu, Antara Sengupta i Shantanu Chowdhury. "Emerging Molecular Connections between NM23 Proteins, Telomeres and Telomere-Associated Factors: Implications in Cancer Metastasis and Ageing". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, nr 7 (27.03.2021): 3457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073457.
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The metastasis suppressor function of NM23 proteins is widely understood. Multiple enzymatic activities of NM23 proteins have also been identified. However, relatively less known interesting aspects are being revealed from recent developments that corroborate the telomeric interactions of NM23 proteins. Telomeres are known to regulate essential physiological events such as metastasis, ageing, and cellular differentiation via inter-connected signalling pathways. Here, we review the literature on the association of NM23 proteins with telomeres or telomere-related factors, and discuss the potential implications of emerging telomeric functions of NM23 proteins. Further understanding of these aspects might be instrumental in better understanding the metastasis suppressor functions of NM23 proteins.
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Xiao, Wangqun, i Jianxin Cheng. "Perceptual design method for smart industrial robots based on virtual reality and synchronous quantitative physiological signals". International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 16, nr 5 (maj 2020): 155014772091764. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147720917646.
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In the research of industrial robot design, designing using only the perceptual thinking and creativity of an industrial designer or overemphasizing the intervention of quantitative data research in the field of emotional cognition is relatively one sided. In this article, research on how to combine the above two aspects effectively will be conducted. The aim is to present a design method which provides artistic creativity and scientific support for industrial robot design. Therefore, a method for representing perceptual image spaces of industrial robots through pictures and semantics by evaluating the perceptual images and using statistical approaches such as factor analysis will be proposed. Perceptual design elements of industrial robots are decomposed from the perspective of style and color. After the quantitative type I analysis, the numerical relationships between the semantics of images and design elements are identified. Also, a method for mapping relationships between the perceptual image spaces and design elements of industrial robots is developed. After three-dimensional modeling and simulation, the semantic difference methods are used in combination with the emotional evaluation and measurement methods for physiological experiments such as eye tracking, skin conductance, heart rate, and electroencephalography experiments with the aid of virtual reality. Finally, a perceptual design method is extracted for smart industrial robots based on virtual reality and synchronous quantitative physiological signals.
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Yang, Banghua, Xuelin Gu, Chao Gu, Ding Xu i Chengcheng Fan. "Review of pathological index detection and new rehabilitation technique of drug addicts". Brain Science Advances 6, nr 2 (czerwiec 2020): 106–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26599/bsa.2020.9050010.
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There are two major research issues with regard to detoxification; one is pathological testing of drug users and the other is rehabilitation methods and techniques. Over the years, domestic and foreign researchers have done a lot of work on pathological changes in the brain and rehabilitation techniques for drug users. This article discusses the research status of these two aspects. At present, the evaluation of brain function in drug addicts is still dominated by a single electroencephalography (EEG), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), or magnetic resonance imaging scan. The multimodal physiological data acquisition method based on EEG–NIRS technique is relatively advantageous for actual physiological data acquisition. The traditional drug rehabilitation method is based on medication and psychological counseling. In recent years, psychological correction (e.g., emotional ventilation, intelligent physical and mental decompression, virtual reality technique and drug addiction suppression system, sports training, and rehabilitation) and physical therapy (transcranial magnetic stimulation) have gradually spread. These rehabilitations focus on comprehensive treatment from the psychological and physical aspects. In recent years, new intervention ideas such as brain–computer interface technique have been continuously proposed. In this review, we have introduced multimodal brain function detection and rehabilitation intervention, which have theoretical and practical significance in drug rehabilitation research.
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De Luca, Ciro, Anna Maria Colangelo, Assunta Virtuoso, Lilia Alberghina i Michele Papa. "Neurons, Glia, Extracellular Matrix and Neurovascular Unit: A Systems Biology Approach to the Complexity of Synaptic Plasticity in Health and Disease". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, nr 4 (24.02.2020): 1539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041539.
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The synaptic cleft has been vastly investigated in the last decades, leading to a novel and fascinating model of the functional and structural modifications linked to synaptic transmission and brain processing. The classic neurocentric model encompassing the neuronal pre- and post-synaptic terminals partly explains the fine-tuned plastic modifications under both pathological and physiological circumstances. Recent experimental evidence has incontrovertibly added oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia as pivotal elements for synapse formation and remodeling (tripartite synapse) in both the developing and adult brain. Moreover, synaptic plasticity and its pathological counterpart (maladaptive plasticity) have shown a deep connection with other molecular elements of the extracellular matrix (ECM), once considered as a mere extracellular structural scaffold altogether with the cellular glue (i.e., glia). The ECM adds another level of complexity to the modern model of the synapse, particularly, for the long-term plasticity and circuit maintenance. This model, called tetrapartite synapse, can be further implemented by including the neurovascular unit (NVU) and the immune system. Although they were considered so far as tightly separated from the central nervous system (CNS) plasticity, at least in physiological conditions, recent evidence endorsed these elements as structural and paramount actors in synaptic plasticity. This scenario is, as far as speculations and evidence have shown, a consistent model for both adaptive and maladaptive plasticity. However, a comprehensive understanding of brain processes and circuitry complexity is still lacking. Here we propose that a better interpretation of the CNS complexity can be granted by a systems biology approach through the construction of predictive molecular models that enable to enlighten the regulatory logic of the complex molecular networks underlying brain function in health and disease, thus opening the way to more effective treatments.
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Takayanagi, Sumiko, Norman Cliff i Penny L. Fidler. "Redundant Leading and following Zeros in Comparative Numerical Judgment". Perceptual and Motor Skills 80, nr 3 (czerwiec 1995): 819–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1995.80.3.819.
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The objective was to provide a more comprehensive understanding of how people make numerical comparative judgments when digits are contained in numbers with redundant leading or following zeros, e.g., 00080 and 800.000. These sequences of numbers often appear on computer display terminals (VDT) as line numbers, but surprisingly little research has been done on this. The experiment manipulated three aspects of numerical stimuli: (1) redundant leading zeros, (2) redundant following zeros, and (3) length of string of digits. The subjects were to push one of the two button-switches to respond whether two stimulus numbers shown on the computer screen were equal or unequal. The target stimuli contained several forms of redundant zeros, and each performance was assessed by response RT of the subjects. Analysis indicated five significant findings: (1) Redundant leading zeros hindered performance, (2) The effect of redundant following zeros depended on the stimulus type, (3) Over-all, longer digits took more processing time, (4) The RTs for the second-block trials were significantly faster than the first, and (5) Task performance was facilitated when the redundant zero representations were identical in both stimuli of a pair. Nonlexicographic processing seems to occur when feature identification can be used for numerical identification, that is, when the format is consistent. The research has implications for those in computer science to provide numerical formats which make comparative judgments as easy as possible.
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Stanojlovic, Milos, Jean Pierre Pallais i Catherine M. Kotz. "Inhibition of Orexin/Hypocretin Neurons Ameliorates Elevated Physical Activity and Energy Expenditure in the A53T Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, nr 2 (14.01.2021): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020795.
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Aside from the classical motor symptoms, Parkinson’s disease also has various non-classical symptoms. Interestingly, orexin neurons, involved in the regulation of exploratory locomotion, spontaneous physical activity, and energy expenditure, are affected in Parkinson’s. In this study, we hypothesized that Parkinson’s-disease-associated pathology affects orexin neurons and therefore impairs functions they regulate. To test this, we used a transgenic animal model of Parkinson’s, the A53T mouse. We measured body composition, exploratory locomotion, spontaneous physical activity, and energy expenditure. Further, we assessed alpha-synuclein accumulation, inflammation, and astrogliosis. Finally, we hypothesized that chemogenetic inhibition of orexin neurons would ameliorate observed impairments in the A53T mice. We showed that aging in A53T mice was accompanied by reductions in fat mass and increases in exploratory locomotion, spontaneous physical activity, and energy expenditure. We detected the presence of alpha-synuclein accumulations in orexin neurons, increased astrogliosis, and microglial activation. Moreover, loss of inhibitory pre-synaptic terminals and a reduced number of orexin cells were observed in A53T mice. As hypothesized, this chemogenetic intervention mitigated the behavioral disturbances induced by Parkinson’s disease pathology. This study implicates the involvement of orexin in early Parkinson’s-disease-associated impairment of hypothalamic-regulated physiological functions and highlights the importance of orexin neurons in Parkinson’s disease symptomology.
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Barsch, Friedrich, Tanja Niedermair, Andreas Mamilos, Volker H. Schmitt, David Grevenstein, Maximilian Babel, Thomas Burgoyne, Amelia Shoemark i Christoph Brochhausen. "Physiological and Pathophysiological Aspects of Primary Cilia—A Literature Review with View on Functional and Structural Relationships in Cartilage". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, nr 14 (14.07.2020): 4959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21144959.
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Cilia are cellular organelles that project from the cell. They occur in nearly all non-hematopoietic tissues and have different functions in different tissues. In mesenchymal tissues primary cilia play a crucial role in the adequate morphogenesis during embryological development. In mature articular cartilage, primary cilia fulfil chemo- and mechanosensitive functions to adapt the cellular mechanisms on extracellular changes and thus, maintain tissue homeostasis and morphometry. Ciliary abnormalities in osteoarthritic cartilage could represent pathophysiological relationships between ciliary dysfunction and tissue deformation. Nevertheless, the molecular and pathophysiological relationships of ‘Primary Cilia’ (PC) in the context of osteoarthritis is not yet fully understood. The present review focuses on the current knowledge about PC and provide a short but not exhaustive overview of their role in cartilage.
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Munari, Enrico, Francesca R. Mariotti, Linda Quatrini, Pietro Bertoglio, Nicola Tumino, Paola Vacca, Albino Eccher i in. "PD-1/PD-L1 in Cancer: Pathophysiological, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Aspects". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, nr 10 (12.05.2021): 5123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22105123.
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Immune evasion is a key strategy adopted by tumor cells to escape the immune system while promoting their survival and metastatic spreading. Indeed, several mechanisms have been developed by tumors to inhibit immune responses. PD-1 is a cell surface inhibitory receptor, which plays a major physiological role in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance. In pathological conditions, activation of the PD-1/PD-Ls signaling pathway may block immune cell activation, a mechanism exploited by tumor cells to evade the antitumor immune control. Targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis has represented a major breakthrough in cancer treatment. Indeed, the success of PD-1 blockade immunotherapies represents an unprecedented success in the treatment of different cancer types. To improve the therapeutic efficacy, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms regulating PD-1 expression and signaling in the tumor context is required. We provide an overview of the current knowledge of PD-1 expression on both tumor-infiltrating T and NK cells, summarizing the recent evidence on the stimuli regulating its expression. We also highlight perspectives and limitations of the role of PD-L1 expression as a predictive marker, discuss well-established and novel potential approaches to improve patient selection and clinical outcome and summarize current indications for anti-PD1/PD-L1 immunotherapy.
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Hei, Xinhong, Wen Gao, Yichuan Wang, Lei Zhu i Wenjiang Ji. "From Hardware to Operating System: A Static Measurement Method of Android System Based on TrustZone". Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2020 (21.09.2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8816023.
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Android system has been one of the main targets of hacker attacks for a long time. At present, it is faced with security risks such as privilege escalation attacks, image tampering, and malicious programs. In view of the above risks, the current detection of the application layer can no longer guarantee the security of the Android system. The security of mobile terminals needs to be fully protected from the bottom to the top, and the consistency test of the hardware system is realized from the hardware layer of the terminal. However, there is not a complete set of security measures to ensure the reliability and integrity of the Android system at present. Therefore, from the perspective of trusted computing, this paper proposes and implements a trusted static measurement method of the Android system based on TrustZone to protect the integrity of the system layer and provide a trusted underlying environment for the detection of the Android application layer. This paper analyzes from two aspects of security and efficiency. The experimental results show that this method can detect the Android system layer privilege escalation attack and discover the rootkit that breaks the integrity of the Android kernel in time during the startup process, and the performance loss of this method is within the acceptable range.
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Wintersberger, Philipp, Clemens Schartmüller i Andreas Riener. "Attentive User Interfaces to Improve Multitasking and Take-Over Performance in Automated Driving". International Journal of Mobile Human Computer Interaction 11, nr 3 (lipiec 2019): 40–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmhci.2019070103.
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Automated vehicles promise engagement in side activities, but demand drivers to resume vehicle control in Take-Over situations. This pattern of alternating tasks thus becomes an issue of sequential multitasking, and it is evident that random interruptions result in a performance drop and are further a source of stress/anxiety. To counteract such drawbacks, this article presents an attention-aware architecture for the integration of consumer devices in level-3/4 vehicles and traffic systems. The proposed solution can increase the lead time for transitions, which is useful to determine suitable timings (e.g., between tasks/subtasks) for interruptions in vehicles. Further, it allows responding to Take-Over-Requests directly on handheld devices in emergencies. Different aspects of the Attentive User Interface (AUI) concept were evaluated in two driving simulator studies. Results, mainly based on Take-Over performance and physiological measurements, confirm the positive effect of AUIs on safety and comfort. Consequently, AUIs should be implemented in future automated vehicles.
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Liao, Donghua, Dina Lelic, Feng Gao, Asbjørn Mohr Drewes i Hans Gregersen. "Biomechanical functional and sensory modelling of the gastrointestinal tract". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 366, nr 1879 (lipiec 2008): 3281–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2008.0091.
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The aim of this review is to describe the biomechanical, functional and sensory modelling work that can be used to integrate the physiological, anatomical and medical knowledge of the gastrointestinal (GI) system. The computational modelling in the GI tract was designed, implemented and evaluated using a series of information and communication technologies-based tools. These tools modelled the morphometry, biomechanics, functions and sensory aspects of the human GI tract. The research presented in this review is based on the virtual physiological human concept that pursues a holistic approach to representation of the human body. Such computational modelling combines imaging data, GI physiology, the gut–brain axis, geometrical and biomechanical reconstruction, and computer graphics for mechanical, electronic and pain analysis. The developed modelling will aid research and ensure that medical professionals benefit through the provision of relevant and precise information about a patient's condition. It will also improve the accuracy and efficiency of the medical procedures that could result in reduced cost for diagnosis and treatment.