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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Computer terminals – Physiological aspects"
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Yin, Changxi, Yanchun Zhu, Xuefei Li i Yongjun Lin. "Molecular and Genetic Aspects of Grain Number Determination in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, nr 2 (13.01.2021): 728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020728.
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Rice grain yield is a complex trait determined by three components: panicle number, grain number per panicle (GNPP) and grain weight. GNPP is the major contributor to grain yield and is crucial for its improvement. GNPP is determined by a series of physiological and biochemical steps, including inflorescence development, formation of rachis branches such as primary rachis branches and secondary rachis branches, and spikelet specialisation (lateral and terminal spikelets). The molecular genetic basis of GNPP determination is complex, and it is regulated by numerous interlinked genes. In this review, panicle development and the determination of GNPP is described briefly, and GNPP-related genes that influence its determination are categorised according to their regulatory mechanisms. We introduce genes related to rachis branch development and their regulation of GNPP, genes related to phase transition (from rachis branch meristem to spikelet meristem) and their regulation of GNPP, and genes related to spikelet specialisation and their regulation of GNPP. In addition, we describe other GNPP-related genes and their regulation of GNPP. Research on GNPP determination suggests that it is possible to cultivate rice varieties with higher grain yield by modifying GNPP-related genes.
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Ma, Biao, Shangqi Nie, Minghui Ji, Jeho Song i Wei Wang. "Research and Analysis of Sports Training Real-Time Monitoring System Based on Mobile Artificial Intelligence Terminal". Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2020 (24.09.2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8879616.
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With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, related technologies and applications come into being, and industries based on artificial intelligence are booming, among which image recognition and target tracking technologies are widely used in various fields, especially in the fields of security monitoring and augmented reality. In this paper, combined with the characteristics of athletes, based on mobile artificial intelligence terminal technology, the C/S mode of athlete training process monitoring system is developed and designed, which uses GPS to obtain the real-time position information of athletes and provide real-time guidance for athletes. In order to reveal the changing rules of various indexes of athletes in training state, the author makes synchronous tracking analysis from the aspects of individual sports function characteristics of athletes, training plan arrangement of coaches, brain function state, routine physiological and biochemical indexes, nutrition regulation, and injury conditions.
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Ishitsuka, Yosuke, i Dennis R. Roop. "Loricrin: Past, Present, and Future". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, nr 7 (25.03.2020): 2271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072271.
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The terminal differentiation of the epidermis is a complex physiological process. During the past few decades, medical genetics has shown that defects in the stratum corneum (SC) permeability barrier cause a myriad of pathological conditions, ranging from common dry skin to lethal ichthyoses. Contrarily, molecular phylogenetics has revealed that amniotes have acquired a specialized form of cytoprotection cornification that provides mechanical resilience to the SC. This superior biochemical property, along with desiccation tolerance, is attributable to the proper formation of the macromolecular protein-lipid complex termed cornified cell envelopes (CE). Cornification largely depends on the peculiar biochemical and biophysical properties of loricrin, which is a major CE component. Despite its quantitative significance, loricrin knockout (LKO) mice have revealed it to be dispensable for the SC permeability barrier. Nevertheless, LKO mice have brought us valuable lessons. It is also becoming evident that absent loricrin affects skin homeostasis more profoundly in many more aspects than previously expected. Through an extensive review of aggregate evidence, we discuss herein the functional significance of the thiol-rich protein loricrin from a biochemical, genetic, pathological, metabolic, or immunological aspect with some theoretical and speculative perspectives.
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Epple, Bernhard, i Hennes Henniger. "Discussion on design aspects for free-space optical communication terminals". IEEE Communications Magazine 45, nr 10 (październik 2007): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2007.4342824.
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Andersson, G. B. J. "Biomechanical aspects of sitting: An application to VDT terminals". Behaviour & Information Technology 6, nr 3 (lipiec 1987): 257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01449298708901833.
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Bittante, Alice, i Henrik Saxén. "Design of Small LNG Supply Chain by Multi-Period Optimization". Energies 13, nr 24 (18.12.2020): 6704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246704.
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A mathematical model for the design of small-scale supply chains for liquefied natural gas (LNG) has been developed. It considers the maritime delivery of LNG from supply ports to satellite terminals and land-based transports from the terminals to consumers on or off the coast. Both tactical and strategic aspects in the supply chain design are addressed by optimizing the maritime routing of a heterogeneous fleet of ships, truck connections, and the locations of the satellite terminals. The objective is to minimize the overall cost, including operation and investment costs for the selected time horizon. The model is expressed as a mixed-integer linear programming problem, applying a multi-period formulation to determine optimal storage sizes and inventory at the satellite terminals. Two case studies illustrate the model, where optimal LNG supply chains for a region with sparsely distributed island (without land transports) and a coastal region at a gulf (with both sea and land transports) are designed. The model is demonstrated to be a flexible tool suited for the initial design and feasibility analysis of small-scale LNG supply chains.
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Nowak, Gabriel, Marta Kubera i Michael Maes. "Neuroimmunological aspects of the alterations in zinc homeostasis in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression". Acta Neuropsychiatrica 12, nr 2 (czerwiec 2000): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0924270800035705.
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SUMMARYZinc is a trace element which plays a fundamental role in a wide range of biochemical processes in living organisms. Zinc is an essential component of various proteins and is an important factor for physiological function of the mammalian nervous and immune systems. In the central nervous system (CNS), zinc is found at high concentrations in hippocampal neurons. These neurons possess mechanisms for zinc uptake and storage in synaptic terminals and for the stimulation of zinc release along with neurotransmitters. In the central nervous system, zinc modulates predominantly the excitatory (glutamatergic) and inhibitory (GABAergic) amino acid neurotransmission pathways. In the immune system, zinc is necessary for the physiological activity of the thymus and T-cell-dependent responses. Zinc deficiency impairs the activities of the neuroendocrine and immune systems in mammalian organisms. This paper reviews the alterations in the blood and brain zinc concentrations in relation to the neuroimmune pathophysiology and treatment of depression. Major depression is related to lowered serum zinc concentrations, which may be caused by the acute phase and the inflammatory response in that illness. Repeated administration of antidepressants selectively increases and redistributes brain zinc in the hippocampus. Since zinc is an inhibitor of the glutama-te/NMDA receptor, these data are in accordance with the glutamate hypothesis of antidepressant action.
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Bessler, Sandford. "A System for Locating Mobile Terminals with Tunable Privacy". Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 2, nr 2 (1.08.2007): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jtaer2020016.
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A number of approaches for capturing and processing location information of mobile users have been proposed in the past; however, only with the latest advances in the handset technology, a terminal-based positioning approach, using overlay SIP signaling on top of a packet switched bearer and area notification as basic functionality becomes feasible for mass applications. Especially in electronic commerce scenarios, in which users often interact with non-trusted services and shops, any location-based solution has to consider privacy aspects as well. The terminal-centric model presented in the paper leads to a simple and efficient way to achieve tunable privacy: mobile users define own "zones" and selectively disclose them to their buddies and to external services. As a result, localization can be performed only in the allowed places and by the allowed watchers, both parameters being configured by the user herself on her mobile terminal. We describe the system architecture, protocols and present representative technical scenarios.
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Comitato, Antonella, i Rita Bardoni. "Presynaptic Inhibition of Pain and Touch in the Spinal Cord: From Receptors to Circuits". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, nr 1 (2.01.2021): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010414.
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Sensory primary afferent fibers, conveying touch, pain, itch, and proprioception, synapse onto spinal cord dorsal horn neurons. Primary afferent central terminals express a wide variety of receptors that modulate glutamate and peptide release. Regulation of the amount and timing of neurotransmitter release critically affects the integration of postsynaptic responses and the coding of sensory information. The role of GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) receptors expressed on afferent central terminals is particularly important in sensory processing, both in physiological conditions and in sensitized states induced by chronic pain. During the last decade, techniques of opto- and chemogenetic stimulation and neuronal selective labeling have provided interesting insights on this topic. This review focused on the recent advances about the modulatory effects of presynaptic GABAergic receptors in spinal cord dorsal horn and the neural circuits involved in these mechanisms.
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Nikolaeva, Shantimora Gala, i Dan Nathan-Roberts. "Various Aspects of the Human Factor in Online Education". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, nr 1 (wrzesień 2016): 1279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601297.
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The goal of this proceeding is to summarize the current research trends in human factors of studying Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), and to quantify the frequency of literature publications each of these trends. This proceeding performs quantitative analysis of 154 sources, grouped by key aspects of research: psychological, technological, and physiological, and by the main object/subject of study: learner, instructor, or teaching methodologies. Based on the results of this analysis, two suggestions can be made: a.) further research of effective human-computer interactions in online education may involve studying basic physiological and psychological processing of information received through mobile devices and computer interfaces, and b.) more attention may be devoted to instructor’s side of MOOCs: their experience, needs, and feedback.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Computer terminals – Physiological aspects"
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Dowler, Elizabeth Safety Science Faculty of Science UNSW. "Effects of neutral posture on muscle tension, pain and performance for computer users". Awarded by:University of New South Wales, 1998. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/37113.
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This study focuses on developing a new approach to seated work positions. It was conducted on 67 office workers who use the Video Display Terminal (VDT) as a major function of their working day. Muscle tension was measured by surface electromyography when subjects were asked to adopt four selected working postures. Pain was measured before and after ergonomic intervention on the Nordic scale, which was modified for this study. Performance was measured on timed typing tests. A psychosocial questionnaire was used to determine influences of job demands, and a diagnostic assessment was performed to determine symptoms and pre-existing musculoskeletal conditions. Furniture was used to place subjects in desired positions during the clinical testing sessions and the extended intervention period. The chair seat pan was adjusted to a forward tilt to promote a lordotic curve of the low back, resulting in an erect upper body and upright head position. The desk and keyboard were adjusted to the proper height for each worker. A neutral wrist position was obtained by lowering and tilting the keyboard away from the user. Results revealed muscle tension scores in the upper trapezius and forearm extensors were significantly reduced when the workers were placed with the head in a midline position, with forward-tilting seating and with use of a negative sloping keyboard tray. Subjects reported low pain scores at pretest so no changes were noted after intervention. Loss of control over job elements, lack of job satisfaction, and fear of job loss were related to an increase in muscle tension. Only fear of job loss correlated to increased pain levels. There was no relationship between any of the job demand factors and performance.
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Atwood, Max J. "Lighting effects on video display terminals". Thesis, Kansas State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9819.
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Lonne-Rahm, Sol-Britt. "Etiological and clinical aspects of skin sensitivity /". Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-746-0.
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Latham, Charles V. (Charles Vernon). "The Effect of Color in Computer Assisted Instruction on Vocabulary Retention Rates and Computer Attitudes of Selected Upward Bound Students". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331796/.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect on selected Upward Bound students' vocabulary retention rate and attitude toward computers when using color in a computer assisted instructional (CAI) program. Past research on the use of color in the educational process does not answer questions about possible effects it may have when used in CAI programs. Specific areas addressed by this study include: (1) differences in color computer assisted instructional software and achromatic versions of the lesson, (2) differences in the short-term vocabulary retention rate for color versus achromatic versions, (3) differences in the long-term vocabulary retention rate for color versus achromatic versions, (4) differences on the affective attitude scale for color versus achromatic versions, (5) differences in short-term memory based on gender and computer experience, (6) differences in long-term memory based on gender and computer experience and (7) differences on the affective attitude scale based on gender and computer experience. Subjects in the experiment were high school students participating in Upward Bound programs at Texas Christian University and the University of North Texas. A pretestposttest design was used and data were obtained from seventy-one students. A CAI program presented students with twenty words and definitions via a drill and practice mode. The words came from Schuster's list of rare and seldom used words considered easy to learn. Two computer systems were used in this study, achromatic and color. Students completed the Computer Attitude Scale at the beginning and end of the CAI lesson. A pretest, immediate posttest and two week delayed posttest were administered to both experimental groups. Analysis of the data revealed a significant difference in long-term memory based on gender and computer experience. Girls using the color version of the lesson scored significantly higher on the delayed posttest than girls using the achromatic version.
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Whattananarong, Krisana. "A Cross-Culture Study of Color Preferences on a Computer Screen Between Thai and American Students". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332612/.
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The purpose of this investigation was to determine the color preference of Thai and American students for text and background computer color combinations. The primary purpose of this study was to determine if there were differences between Thai and American students' computer color combination preferences.
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Kuai, Wenming. "Neural networks constructed using families of dense subsets of L[subscript]2(R) functions and their capabilities in efficient and flexible training". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29587.
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Streater, D. Brent. "Modeling how individual entities react to indirect fire". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Jun%5FStreater.pdf.
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Pochobradsky, Pavel. "Computerized system for time-motion analysis". Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26306.
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Regular participation in sports is a common practice among the general population. For cardiovascular fitness, the frequency, duration, intensity and mode of the activity must be appropriate for the individual to benefit from the activity. The benefits for cardiovascular fitness are questionable in sports involving high intensity intermittent exercise of short duration. In the past, the procedures for determination of the heart rate and the time-motion characteristics of an activity were cumbersome and time consuming, thus making application to sports an inconvenience. The purpose of this project was to develop a computer based system for matching heart rate data with time-motion characteristics. The system was tested using ice hockey and squash. Subjects were observed during activity. The heart rate data during the activity were collected using a Polar Vantage XL Heart Rate monitor set to record heart rate values in 5-second intervals. The duration and type of activity were entered in the computer in real time using a coding system. Program combined the time-motion analysis with the heart rates that were downloaded from the Polar heart rate monitor. The results were summarized as follows: (1) total time at each intensity level, (2) mean duration at each intensity level, and (3) mean heart rate at each intensity level. Output from the computer program was similar to manual calculations.
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Hetherington, Phil A. (Phillip Alan). "Hippocampal function and spatial information processing : computational and neural analyses". Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28778.
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The hippocampus is necessary for normal memory in rodents, birds, monkeys, and people. Damage to the hippocampus can result in the inability to learn new facts, defined by the relationship among stimuli. In rodents, spatial learning involves learning about the relationships among stimuli, and exemplifies the kind of learning the requires the hippocampus. Therefore, understanding the neural mechanisms underlying spatial learning may elucidate basic memory processes. Many hippocampal neurons fire when behaving rats, cats, or monkeys are in circumscribed regions (place fields) of an environment. The neurons, called place cells, fire in relation to distal stimuli, but can persist in signaling location when the stimuli are removed or lights are turned off (memory fields). In this thesis, computational models of spatial information processing simulated many of the defining properties of hippocampal place cells, including memory fields. Furthermore, the models suggested a neurally plausible mechanism of goal directed spatial navigation which involved the encoding of distances in the connections between place cells. To navigate using memory fields, the models required an excitatory, distributed, and plastic association system among place cells. Such properties are well characterized in area CA3 of the hippocampus. In this thesis, a new electrophysiological study provides evidence that a second system in the dentate gyrus has similar properties. Thus, two circuits in the hippocampus meet the requirements of the models. Some predictions of the models were then tested in a single-unit recording experiment in behaving rats. Place fields were more likely to occur in information rich areas of the environment, and removal of single cues altered place fields in a way consistent with the distance encoding mechanism suggested by the models. It was concluded that a distance encoding theory of rat spatial navigation has much descriptive and predictive utility, but most of its predic
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Fourie, Sarie Marissa. "3D measurement of cervical and thoracic postural dynamism in sitting : a pilot study". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85712.
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Thesis (MScPhysio)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to improve the measurement of postural dynamism in the sitting position using a three-dimensional (3D) motion analysis system. The primary objective was to describe pilot data for postural dynamism of the cervical and thoracic spines while working at a desktop computer. The secondary objective was to refine the process of posture measurement and analysis by decreasing data processing time. Certain factors in 3D motion analysis can lead to an increase in gaps in data collected during trial capture, which in turn will lead to a longer time of data processing. In the first phase of this study, a number of such factors were identified and altered. A series of pilot studies was performed to test the improvement of data processing time when altering these factors. In the first two pilot studies, camera and tripod positionings were explored and refined, workstation layout and anatomical landmark marker placement were investigated, and optimal capture frequency was established. In both these pilot studies, outcomes were established by means of trial and error by experimenting with a variety of different options for the different outcomes. In the third pilot study, computer software which provides computer tasks for the participant during primary trial capture was tested. Two independent computer users performed all the activities as per software, after which they were required to give oral feedback and suggestions on improvement in terms of user friendliness. The objective of the fourth and final pilot study was to include all of the outcomes from the preceeding pilot studies and attempt a trial run of the actual data collection process. A study participant with no affiliation to the research project was used and a complete trial run was performed after which the measurement process was deemed feasible. In the primary study, 18 student volunteers completed a sequence of computer tasks, including keyboard, mouse and reading activities. Prior to data capture, full range of motion of the thoracic and cervical spines were measured in three dimensions for every participant. Data capture took place for the full duration of performance of all computer activities. Outcome parameters for postural dynamism included true range of motion (degrees), proportional range of motion (percentage) and motion frequency (movement per minute) in all three planes of motion of the cervical and thoracic spines. Typing tasks were associated with biggest movement ranges and motion frequencies. Mouse activity was associated with the most stationary posture, exhibiting the least frequent movement as well as the smallest ranges of motion. The results from this study allow us to better understand the dynamic nature of posture, as well as postural dynamism associated with different computer tasks. This study provides a baseline for future research of 3D motion analysis of the sitting posture. It also marks the need for further research regarding ergonomics, use and potential alternatives in the computer workstation and input devices.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie het ten doel gehad om die meting van posturale dinamisme in die sitposisie te verbeter deur middel van „n drie-dimensionele (3D) bewegingsanalisesisteem. Die primêre doelwit was om loodsdata te beskryf vir posturale dinamisme van die servikale en torakale werwelkolomme terwyl op „n rekenaar gewerk word. Die sekondêre doelwit was om die proses van postuurmeting en analise te verfyn deur die dataprosesseringstyd te verminder. Sekere faktore van 3D bewegingsanalise kan „n vermeerdering van gapings in ingesamelde data tot gevolg hê, wat weer kan lei na „n verlengde tydperiode van dataprosessering. In die eerste fase van hierdie studie is sulke faktore identifiseer en aangepas. „n Reeks loodsstudies is uitgevoer om die verbetering van dataprosesseringstyd te toets namate aanpassings aan hierdie faktore gemaak is. Tydens die eerste twee loodsstudies is verskillende kamera en driepoot posisionering ondersoek en verfyn, werkstasie uitleg en anatomiese baken merker plasing is ondersoek en die optimale dataversamelingsfrekwensie is vasgestel. In beide hierdie loodsstudies is die uitkomste vasgestel op grond van toets- en fouteer deur te eksperimenteer met „n verskeidenheid opsies soos van toepassing op die betrokke uitkomste. Tydens die derde loodsstudie is rekenaarsagteware getoets wat die rekenaaraktiwiteit vir die studiedeelnemers verskaf het tydens primêre data-insameling. Twee onafhanklike persone het al die aktiwiteite volgens die sagteware voltooi en het verbale terugvoer en aanbevelings gegee oor hoe om die program te verbeter. Die vierdie en finale loodsstudie het gepoog om al die uitkomste van die eerste drie loodsstudies in te sluit en „n toetsmeting te doen van die ware dataversamelingsproses. „n Onafhanklike studiedeelnemer met geen affiliasie tot die navorsingsprojek nie het „n toetslopie van die hele versamelingsproses gedoen en die metingsproses is haalbaar verklaar. Tydens die primêre studie het 18 student-vrywilligers „n reeks rekenaartake gedoen (insluitend sleutelbord en muisaktiwiteite sowel as „n leesopdrag). Voor die aanvang van dataversameling is die volle bewegingsomvange van die torakale en servikale werwelkolomme van elke deelnemer gemeet. Dataversameling is vir die volle durasie van die uitvoer van rekenaaraktiwiteite gedoen. Uitkomsparameters vir posturale dinamisme het die volgende ingesluit: Omvang van beweging (grade), proporsionele omvang van beweging (persentasie) en bewegingsfrekwensie (bewegings per minuut) in al drie bewegingsvlakke van die servikale en torakale werwelkolomme. Sleutelbord-aktiwiteite is geässosieer met die grootste bewegingsomvange en die meeste bewegingsfrekwensie. Muisaktiwiteit is geässosieer met die mees stasionêre postuur en het die heel minste gereelde beweging getoon in die algemeen. Die resultate van hierdie studie help om die dinamise natuur van postuur beter te verstaan, sowel as posturale dinamisme wat met verskillende rekenaartake verbind word. Die studie bied „n basislyn vir die toekomstige navorsings wat posturale dinamisme met verskillende rekenaartake meet. Dit merk ook die behoefte aan verdere navorsing aangaande ergonomika, gebruik en alternatiewe tot rekenaarwerkstasie en –toerusting.
Książki na temat "Computer terminals – Physiological aspects"
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J, Dainoff M., red. Ergonomics and health aspects of work with computers: International conference, EHAWC 2007, held as part of HCI International 2007, Beijing, China, July 22-27 : proceedings. Berlin: Springer, 2007.
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Mogensen, Vernon. Office politics: Computers, labor, and the fight for safety and health. New Brunswick, N.J: Rutgers University Press, 1996.
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Cohen, Marcy. Playing with our health: Hazards in the automated office. Vancouver: Women's Skill Development Society, 1986.
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Godnig, Edward C. Computers & visual stress: Stayinghealthy. Grand Rapids, Mich: Abacus, 1991.
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Godnig, Edward C. Computers and visual stress: How to enhance visual comfort while using computers. Charlestown, R.I: Seacoast Information Services, 1990.
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Godnig, Edward C. Computers & visual stress: Staying healthy. Grand Rapids, MI: Abacus, 1991.
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Ernest, Loewenstein, i Sann Howard, red. Total health at the computer: How to be pain free & relieve the symptoms of computer stress syndrome. Barrytown, N.Y: Station Hill Press, 1993.
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Florida. Legislature. Joint Committee on Information Technology Resources. Health and safety issues associated with video display terminal (VDT) use. Tallahassee, Fla: The Committee, 1990.
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Lacey, Julia S. How to survive your computer workstation. Kerrville, Tx: CRT Services, 1999.
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Lacey, Julia S. How to survive your computer workstation. Kerrville, Tx: CRT Services, 1994.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Computer terminals – Physiological aspects"
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Beck, J. Robert, G. Octo Barnett, Paul D. Clayton i Ifay F. Chang. "Terminals and Workstations for Computer-based Patient Records". W Aspects of the Computer-based Patient Record, 99–101. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3873-5_11.
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Suarez, Estela, Susanne Kunkel, Anne Küsters, Hans Ekkehard Plesser i Thomas Lippert. "Modular Supercomputing for Neuroscience". W Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 63–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82427-3_5.
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AbstractThe precise simulation of the human brain requires coupling different models in order to cover the different physiological and functional aspects of this extremely complex organ. Each of this brain models is implemented following specific mathematical and programming approaches, potentially leading to diverging computational behaviour and requirements. Such situation is the typical use case that can benefit from the Modular Supercomputing Architecture (MSA), which organizes heterogeneous computing resources at system level. This architecture and its corresponding software environment enable to run each part of an application or a workflow on the best suited hardware.This paper presents the MSA concept covering current hardware and software implementations, and describes how the neuroscientific workflow resulting of coupling the codes NEST and Arbor is being prepared to exploit the MSA.
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Bera, Tushar Kanti, i J. Nagaraju. "Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT)". W Research Developments in Computer Vision and Image Processing, 235–73. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4558-5.ch013.
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Looking into the human body is very essential not only for studying the anatomy and physiology, but also for diagnosing a disease or illness. Doctors always try to visualize an organ or body part in order to study its physiological and anatomical status for understanding and/or treating its illness. This necessity introduced the diagnostic tool called medical imaging. The era of medical imaging started in 1895, when Roentgen discovered the magical powerful invisible rays called X-rays. Gradually the medical imaging introduced X-Ray CT, Gamma Camera, PET, SPECT, MRI, USG. Recently medical imaging field is enriched with comparatively newer tomographic imaging modalities like Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT), Diffuse Optical Tomography (DOT), Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), and Photoacaustic Tomography (PAT). The EIT has been extensively researched in different fields of science and engineering due to its several advantages. This chapter will present a brief review on the available medical imaging modalities and focus on the need of an alternating method. EIT will be discussed with its physical and mathematical aspects, potentials, and challenges.
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Tiwari, Shailendra, i Rajeev Srivastava. "Research and Developments in Medical Image Reconstruction Methods and its Applications". W Research Developments in Computer Vision and Image Processing, 274–312. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4558-5.ch014.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Image reconstruction from projection is the field that lays the foundation for Medical Imaging or Medical Image Processing. The rapid and proceeding progress in medical image reconstruction, and the related developments in analysis methods and computer-aided diagnosis, has promoted medical imaging into one of the most important sub-fields in scientific imaging. Computer technology has enabled tomographic and three-dimensional reconstruction of images, illustrating both anatomical features and physiological functioning, free from overlying structures.In this chapter, the authors share their opinions on the research and development in the field of Medical Image Reconstruction Techniques, Computed Tomography (CT), challenges and the impact of future technology developments in CT, Computed Tomography Metrology in industrial research & development, technology, and clinical performance of different CT-scanner generations used for cardiac imaging, such as Electron Beam CT (EBCT), single-slice CT, and Multi-Detector row CT (MDCT) with 4, 16, and 64 simultaneously acquired slices. The authors identify the limitations of current CT-scanners, indicate potential of improvement and discuss alternative system concepts such as CT with area detectors and Dual Source CT (DSCT), recent technology with a focus on generation and detection of X-rays, as well as image reconstruction are discussed. Furthermore, the chapter includes aspects of applications, dose exposure in computed tomography, and a brief overview on special CT developments. Since this chapter gives a review of the major accomplishments and future directions in this field, with emphasis on developments over the past 50 years, the interested reader is referred to recent literature on computed tomography including a detailed discussion of CT technology in the references section.
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Veijalainen, Jari. "Mobile Ontologies". W Mobile Computing, 2908–23. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-054-7.ch219.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The number of mobile subscribers in the world is soon reaching the three billion mark. According to the newest estimates, majority of the subscribers are already in the developing countries, whereas the number of subscribers in the industrialized countries is about to stagnate around one billion. Because especially in the developing countries the only access to Internet are mobile devices, developing high quality services based on them grows in importance. Ontologies are an important ingredient towards more complicated mobile services and wider usage of mobile terminals. In this article, we first discuss ontology and epistemology concepts in general. After that, we review ontologies in the computer science field and introduce mobile ontologies as a special category of them. It seems reasonable to distinguish between two orthogonal categories, mobile domain ontologies and flowing ontologies. The domain of the former one is in some sense related with mobility, whereas the latter ones are able to flow from computer to computer in the network. We then discuss the creation issues, business aspects, and intellectual property rights (IPR), including patentability of mobile ontologies. We also discuss some basic requirements for computer systems architectures that would be needed to support the usage of mobile ontologies.
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Veijalainen, Jari. "Mobile Ontologies". W Advances in Semantic Web and Information Systems, 44–59. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-992-2.ch003.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The number of mobile subscribers in the world is soon reaching the three billion mark. According to the newest estimates, majority of the subscribers are already in the developing countries, whereas the number of subscribers in the industrialized countries is about to stagnate around one billion. Because especially in the developing countries the only access to Internet are mobile devices, developing high quality services based on them grows in importance. Ontologies are an important ingredient towards more complicated mobile services and wider usage of mobile terminals. In this article, we first discuss ontology and epistemology concepts in general. After that, we review ontologies in the computer science field and introduce mobile ontologies as a special category of them. It seems reasonable to distinguish between two orthogonal categories, mobile domain ontologies and flowing ontologies. The domain of the former one is in some sense related with mobility, whereas the latter ones are able to flow from computer to computer in the network. We then discuss the creation issues, business aspects, and intellectual property rights (IPR), including patentability of mobile ontologies. We also discuss some basic requirements for computer systems architectures that would be needed to support the usage of mobile ontologies.
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Bhattacharyya, Saugat, Anwesha Khasnobish, Poulami Ghosh, Ankita Mazumder i D. N. Tibarewala. "A Review on Brain Imaging Techniques for BCI Applications". W Advances in Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, 39–70. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8811-7.ch003.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Evolution has endowed human race with the most adroit brain, and to harness its potential to the fullest the concept of brain computer interface (BCI) has emerged. One of the most crucial components of BCI is the technique of brain imaging. The first approach in the field of brain imaging was to measure the electrical and magnetic activity of the brain, the techniques being known as Electroencephalography and Magnetoencephalography. Striving for furtherance, researchers came up with another alternative known as Magnetic Resonance Imaging. But it being confined to only structural imaging, the functional aspects of brain were mapped using functional magnetic resonance imaging. A similar but comparatively newer neuroimaging modality is Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation neuro-physiological technique is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. Based on nuclear medicine the brain imaging technologies that are widely explored in the world of BCI are Positron Emission Tomography and Single Positron Emission Tomography.
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Bhattacharyya, Saugat, Anwesha Khasnobish, Poulami Ghosh, Ankita Mazumder i D. N. Tibarewala. "A Review on Brain Imaging Techniques for BCI Applications". W Medical Imaging, 300–330. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0571-6.ch012.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Evolution has endowed human race with the most adroit brain, and to harness its potential to the fullest the concept of brain computer interface (BCI) has emerged. One of the most crucial components of BCI is the technique of brain imaging. The first approach in the field of brain imaging was to measure the electrical and magnetic activity of the brain, the techniques being known as Electroencephalography and Magnetoencephalography. Striving for furtherance, researchers came up with another alternative known as Magnetic Resonance Imaging. But it being confined to only structural imaging, the functional aspects of brain were mapped using functional magnetic resonance imaging. A similar but comparatively newer neuroimaging modality is Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation neuro-physiological technique is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. Based on nuclear medicine the brain imaging technologies that are widely explored in the world of BCI are Positron Emission Tomography and Single Positron Emission Tomography.
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Schraeder, Terry L. "Digital Communication". W Physician Communication, 55–112. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190882440.003.0002.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
There are few aspects of society, including clinical medicine, still untouched by digital communication and the Internet. It would seem that the important and intimate conversations in a doctor’s office or at the bedside should be one of the last refuges to provide private and exclusive face-to-face discourse between two humans, free of the distraction and distance of the computer. But that is changing. From computers in the exam room to electronic medical records, to email exchanges with patients and medical apps, computers are ever present in the delivery of healthcare. Of course, information technology has revolutionized medicine, and the advantages for patients and physicians are numerous. Through patient portals, patients can now look at their lab results, learn more about their diagnosis, and ask relevant questions; physicians can respond quickly to emailed questions; and patients can inform themselves about surgery by watching online videos. Apps monitor physiological data points; robots deliver medications and perform surgery; and artificial intelligence plays a bigger role in the analysis of complex healthcare data. Many physicians have jumped on board with social media, where they can have a variety of professional and personal interactions. It seems that those in medicine have readily adapted to the electronic universe. But how has it affected physicians’ behavior, expectations for access and processing of information, and most important, relationships with their patients? This chapter explores those topics and takes a closer look at the different ways in which medical professionals are communicating and interacting in the digital universe.
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Tiwari, Shailendra, i Rajeev Srivastava. "Research and Developments in Medical Image Reconstruction Methods and Its Applications". W Medical Imaging, 491–535. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0571-6.ch019.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Image reconstruction from projection is the field that lays the foundation for Medical Imaging or Medical Image Processing. The rapid and proceeding progress in medical image reconstruction, and the related developments in analysis methods and computer-aided diagnosis, has promoted medical imaging into one of the most important sub-fields in scientific imaging. Computer technology has enabled tomographic and three-dimensional reconstruction of images, illustrating both anatomical features and physiological functioning, free from overlying structures. In this chapter, the authors share their opinions on the research and development in the field of Medical Image Reconstruction Techniques, Computed Tomography (CT), challenges and the impact of future technology developments in CT, Computed Tomography Metrology in industrial research & development, technology, and clinical performance of different CT-scanner generations used for cardiac imaging, such as Electron Beam CT (EBCT), single-slice CT, and Multi-Detector row CT (MDCT) with 4, 16, and 64 simultaneously acquired slices. The authors identify the limitations of current CT-scanners, indicate potential of improvement and discuss alternative system concepts such as CT with area detectors and Dual Source CT (DSCT), recent technology with a focus on generation and detection of X-rays, as well as image reconstruction are discussed. Furthermore, the chapter includes aspects of applications, dose exposure in computed tomography, and a brief overview on special CT developments. Since this chapter gives a review of the major accomplishments and future directions in this field, with emphasis on developments over the past 50 years, the interested reader is referred to recent literature on computed tomography including a detailed discussion of CT technology in the references section.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Computer terminals – Physiological aspects"
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Kim, Sung Kyun, Anna Seo, Jiwon Jang i Kangsoo Chung. "Creation of Transparent Flow Passage to Measure the Biomedical Flow Inside Human Body by PIV". W ASME-JSME-KSME 2011 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajk2011-31014.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Knowledge of flow characteristics in human airway and blood vessel is essential to understand the physiological and pathological aspects of respiratory and circulatory systems. Creating an accurate transparent flow passage is indispensable for the successful investigation on the flow inside a complex flow passage of human organ by PIV. The Web-based communication system between multi-researchers and medical doctors is established for making the post-surgery models and to discuss surgery plans. We also introduced a semi-automatic segmentation technique to reconstruct accurate three dimensional computer models from CT data rapidly and conveniently.