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Buendía-Atencio, Cristian, i Vaneza Lorett-Velásquez. "Climate change and computational chemistry: a molecular perspective". Revista de Química, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123961.
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Ante la evidente necesidad de comprender los frecuentes cambios negativos que experimenta el planeta Tierra en los suelos, los ríos y la atmosfera y con la idea de intentar mitigar el cambio climático, aparece la química computacional como una rama de la química que nos permite estudiar y predecir diversas propiedadesfisicoquímicas de sistemas moleculares complejos de interés ambiental las cuales son, algunas veces, imposibles de estudiar de forma experimental. El presente artículo muestra un panorama molecular del comportamiento y características fisicoquímicas de algunos contaminantes atmosféricos estudiados a través de la química computacionalThe urgent need to understand the frequent negative changes that the planet Earth suffer on its soil, rivers and atmosphere and the need to mitigate climate change makes computational chemistry stand out as a branch of chemistry that allows thestudy and prediction of different physicochemical properties of several complex molecular systems of environmental significance which are sometimes impossible to study in a laboratory. The present article shows a molecular overview of the behavior and physicochemical characteristics of some atmospheric pollutants studied through computational chemistry.
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Rocha, Altino João Magalhães 1968. "Architecture theory, 1960-1980 : emergence of a computational perspective". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28316.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2004.Leaf 175 blank.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 162-175).
This thesis attempts to clarify the need for an appreciation of architecture theory within a computational architectural domain. It reveals and reflects upon some of the cultural, historical and technological contexts that influenced the emergence of a computational practice in architecture. To carry out this new reading, we focus on the pioneering research that underpinned the beginnings of the relationship between architecture and computation and which was carried out at four research Centres both in the UK and in the USA: The Land Use and Built Form Studies [LUBFS], founded at Cambridge, UK; The Center for Configurational Studies at the Open University, Milton Keynes; The Architecture Machine Group [AMG] at MIT, and the Design Research Center [DRC] at Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA. Moreover this thesis reinterprets the role of Leslie Martin as the founding father of LUBFS by showing the influence of the British physicist Desmond Bernal's building science research and the British avant-garde movement on Martin's work. This thesis also presents reflections on how best to use computation in architecture.
by Altino João Magalhães Rocha.
Ph.D.
3
Vaucelle, Catherine N. (Catherine Nicole). "Dolltalk : a computational toy to enhance narrative perspective-talking". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34266.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2002.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-95).
School curricula are designed with the expectation that students achieve literacy. They usually support the acquisition of language by encouraging students to learn how to decode information within a sentence. In this thesis it is suggested that literacy skills in children five to seven years of age can be obtained with a broader understanding of language and its representation. Oral storytelling is presented as a way to develop metacognitive skills with a focus on character-based narrative where children must create the perspectives of the characters. The ability to tell stories is common to children from every community and can help them in school performance. Children should therefore be encouraged to express their understanding of character perspectives in oral storytelling. This thesis presents a tangible interface that allows children to practice pre-literacy skills using oral language. It introduces Dolltalk, a system that facilitates children's ability to take narrative perspectives through the mechanism of reporting speech. The toy presented works by asking children to tell stories and by playing back the stories to the child using narrative features. The ability to express the way the characters think and feel in a narrative and what motivates them to act has been shown to be predictive of academic competence among preschool children. A user study was conducted to understand the short-term effect of Dolltalk on children's elaboration of internal states of story characters. The results show that playing with Dolltalk encourages children to introduce their characters in the story and to express the internal states of their characters much more than with the use of a simple tape recorder. The results also show that playing with the current version of Dolltalk or with Dolltalk in tape-recorder mode encourages children to provide spatial and temporal information in their stories much more than they would without hearing any playback of their stories. This thesis presents significant results (p =.04) that indicate the current version of Dolltalk encourages children to express the internal states of their characters.
by Catherine N. Vaucelle.
S.M.
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Oh, Alice H. "Generating multiple summaries based on computational model of perspective". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45865.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-92).
Every story about an event offers a unique perspective about the event. A popular sporting event, such as a Major League Baseball game, is followed by several summary articles that show different points of view. The goal of this research is to build a computational model of perspective and build a system for automatically generating multiple summary articles showing different perspectives. My approach is to take a neutral summary article, reorder the content of that summary based on event features extracted from the description of the game, and produce two new summaries showing the local team perspectives. I will present an initial user survey that validated the hypothesis that content ordering has a significant effect on the users' perception of perspective. I will also discuss collecting and analyzing a parallel corpus of baseball game data and summary articles showing local team perspectives. I will then describe the reordering algorithm, the implementation of the system, and a user study to evaluate the output of the system.
by Alice H. Oh.
Ph.D.
5
Fischer, Tobias, i Yiannis Demiris. "Perspective taking in robots: A framework and computational model". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/192073/1/Fischer_T_2019_PhD_Thesis.pdf.
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Humans are inherently social beings that benefit from their perceptional capability to embody another point of view. This thesis examines this capability, termed perspective taking, using a mixed forward/reverse engineering approach. While previous approaches were limited to known, artificial environments, the proposed approach results in a perceptional framework that can be used in unconstrained environments while at the same time detailing the mechanisms that humans use to infer the world's characteristics from another viewpoint.First, the thesis explores a forward engineering approach by outlining the required perceptional components and implementing these components on a humanoid iCub robot. Prior to and during the perspective taking, the iCub learns the environment and recognizes its constituent objects before approximating the gaze of surrounding humans based on their head poses. Inspired by psychological studies, two separate mechanisms for the two types of perspective taking are employed, one based on line-of-sight tracing and another based on the mental rotation of the environment.
Acknowledging that human head pose is only a rough indication of a human's viewpoint, the thesis introduces a novel, automated approach for ground truth eye gaze annotation. This approach is used to collect a new dataset, which covers a wide range of camera-subject distances, head poses, and gazes. A novel gaze estimation method trained on this dataset outperforms previous methods in close distance scenarios, while going beyond previous methods and also allowing eye gaze estimation in large camera-subject distances that are commonly encountered in human-robot interactions.
Finally, the thesis proposes a computational model as an instantiation of a reverse engineering approach, with the aim of understanding the underlying mechanisms of perspective taking in humans. The model contains a set of forward models as building blocks, and an attentional component to reduce the model's response times. The model is crucial in explaining human data in congruency matching experiments and suggests that humans implement a similar attentional mechanism. Several testable predictions are put forward, including the prediction that forced early responses lead to an egocentric bias. Experimental results on the computational formalization of perspective taking also open up future possibilities of exploring links to other perceptional and cognitive mechanisms, such as active vision and autobiographical memories.
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Cai, J. James. "Understanding the pathogenic fungus Penicillium marneffei : a computational genomics perspective". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36595135.
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Padulo, Mattia. "Computational engineering design under uncertainty : an aircraft conceptual design perspective". Thesis, Cranfield University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/4462.
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Presented in this thesis is a novel methodology for aircraft design optimization in the presence of uncertainty, with emphasis on the conceptual design stage.
In the initial part of the thesis, the uncertainty typologies of interest for aircraft design are identied within a broader epistemological framework. The main implications for non-deterministic computational design are also outlined.
The focus is then restricted to uncertainties that can be modeled by probability theory. In this context, a methodology is developed to enhance robust design optimization (RDO). Firstly, the problem is formulated in order to relax, when required, the common RDO assumption about the normality of objectives and constraints. Secondly, starting from engineering considerations about the risk related with design unfeasibility, suitable estimates of tail conditional expectation are introduced in the set of robustness metrics.
The proposed formulation requires the estimation of mean and variance of objec¬tives and constraints. To calculate such moments, a novel uncertainty propaga¬tion technique is proposed, which achieves a favorable trade-obetween the ac-curacy of the estimates and the required computational cost. Peculiar features of the propagation technique are exploited to couple the propagation and the opti¬mization phases for the classes of gradient-based methods and the derivative-free pattern search methods. Also analyzed are the possible advantages achievable when the two types of algorithms are hybridized.
The usefulness of the proposed methodology for conceptual design optimization is demonstrated with the aid of two engineering design problems, concerning the sizing of passenger aircraft and the design of transonic airfoils.
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Horvath, Gabor. "Functions and polynomials over finite groups from the computational perspective". Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/2000.
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In the thesis we investigate the connections between arbitrary functions and their realizing polynomials over finite algebras. We study functionally complete algebras, i.e. algebras over which every function can be realized by a polynomial expression. We characterize functional completeness by the so called Stone-Weierstrass property, and we determine the functionally complete semigroups and semirings. Then we investigate the computational perspective of the function-polynomial relationships over finite groups. We consider the efficient representability, the equivalence, and the equation solvability problems. We approach the efficient representability problem from three directions. We consider the length of functions, we investigate the circuit complexity of functions, and we analyse the finite-state sequential machine representation of Boolean functions. From each of these viewpoints we give bounds on the potential efficiency of computations based on functionally complete groups compared to computations based on the two-element Boolean algebra. Neither the equivalence problem nor the equation solvability problem has been completely characterized for finite groups. The complexity of the equivalence problem was only known for nilpotent groups. In the thesis we determine the complexity of the equivalence problem for certain meta-Abelian groups and for all non-solvable groups. The complexity of the equation solvability problem is known for nilpotent groups and for non-solvable groups. There are no results about the complexity of the equation solvability problem for solvable non-nilpotent groups apart from the case of certain meta-cyclic groups that we present in the thesis. Moreover, we determine the complexity of the equation solvability problem for all functionally complete algebra. The idea of the extended equivalence problem emerges from the observation that the commutator might significantly change the length of group-polynomials. We characterize the complexity of the extended equivalence problem for finite groups. For many finite groups we determine the complexity of the equivalence problem if the commutator is considered as the basic operation of the group.
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Cookson, A. N. "Computational investigation of helical pipe geometrics from a mixing perspective". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510762.
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Chan, Pui-yee, i 陳沛儀. "A study on predicting gene relationship from a computational perspective". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30461352.
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Cai, J. James, i 蔡莖. "Understanding the pathogenic fungus Penicillium marneffei: a computational genomics perspective". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36595135.
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Chilukuri, Bhaskar. "Rational Design of Metal-organic Electronic Devices: a Computational Perspective". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc177188/.
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Organic and organometallic electronic materials continue to attract considerable attention among researchers due to their cost effectiveness, high flexibility, low temperature processing conditions and the continuous emergence of new semiconducting materials with tailored electronic properties. In addition, organic semiconductors can be used in a variety of important technological devices such as solar cells, field-effect transistors (FETs), flash memory, radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, light emitting diodes (LEDs), etc. However, organic materials have thus far not achieved the reliability and carrier mobility obtainable with inorganic silicon-based devices. Hence, there is a need for finding alternative electronic materials other than organic semiconductors to overcome the problems of inferior stability and performance. In this dissertation, I research the development of new transition metal based electronic materials which due to the presence of metal-metal, metal-?, and ?-? interactions may give rise to superior electronic and chemical properties versus their organic counterparts. Specifically, I performed computational modeling studies on platinum based charge transfer complexes and d10 cyclo-[M(?-L)]3 trimers (M = Ag, Au and L = monoanionic bidentate bridging (C/N~C/N) ligand). The research done is aimed to guide experimental chemists to make rational choices of metals, ligands, substituents in synthesizing novel organometallic electronic materials. Furthermore, the calculations presented here propose novel ways to tune the geometric, electronic, spectroscopic, and conduction properties in semiconducting materials. In addition to novel material development, electronic device performance can be improved by making a judicious choice of device components. I have studied the interfaces of a p-type metal-organic semiconductor viz cyclo-[Au(µ-Pz)]3 trimer with metal electrodes at atomic and surface levels. This work was aimed to guide the device engineers to choose the appropriate metal electrodes considering the chemical interactions at the interface. Additionally, the calculations performed on the interfaces provided valuable insight into binding energies, charge redistribution, change in the energy levels, dipole formation, etc., which are important parameters to consider while fabricating an electronic device. The research described in this dissertation highlights the application of unique computational modeling methods at different levels of theory to guide the experimental chemists and device engineers toward a rational design of transition metal based electronic devices with low cost and high performance.
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Öwall, Max. "RegressionModeling from the Statistical Learning Perspective - with an Application toAdvertisement Data". Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-229963.
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Advertising on social media, and on Facebook in specific, is a global industry from which the social media platforms get their biggest revenues. The performance of these advertisements in relation to the money invested in the advertisement can be measured in the metric cost per thousand impressions (CPM). Various regression modelling strategies combined with statistical learning approaches for model assessment are explored in this thesis with the objective of finding the model that best predicts CPM. Using advertisement data for 540 companies in Sweden during 2017, it is found that the data set comprising of 12 covariates suffers from a high degree of multicollinearity. To tackle this problem efficiently we apply different shrinkage regression methods. Starting from the Ridge and Lasso regression methods, combining the two by an elastic net and then finally expanding Lasso to adaptive Lasso, using cross-validation we find that the elastic net with approximately equal weightson Ridge and Lasso component is the best performing model. In conclusion, when regressing a metric such as CPM, on a set of variables which suffers from severe problems of multicollinearity, the shrinkage regression techniques are needed.Annonsering på sociala medier, och speciellt på Facebook, är en global industri som de sociala medieplattformarna har som största intäktskälla. Hur lyckosamma dessa annonser är i förhållande till hur mycket pengar som investeras i dem kan mätas med nyckeltalet kostnad per tusen intryck (eng: Cost per thousand impressions, CPM). I den här uppsatsen är olika regressionsmodeller av statistisk inlärning byggda för prediktering av CPM med syftet att hitta den modell som bäst kan prediktera CPM. Genom att använda 540 företags annonsdata i Sverige under 2017 upptäcks det att de 12 förklaringsvariablerna kraftigt samvarierar varav olika shrinkage regressionsmodeller byggs. Genom att först använda Ridge och Lasso, vilka sen kombineras i ett elastiskt nät och slutligen genom att utvidga Lasso till elastisk Lasso, upptäcks det att den modell som presterar bäst utifrån cross-validation är det elastiska nätet där ungefärligen lika stora vikter läggs på Ridge och Lasso. Slutsatsen är att för att regressera ett nyckeltal som CPM, där det är sannolikt att förklaringsvariablerna samvarierar, är shrinkage regressionsmodeller att föredra.
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Brearcliffe, Dale K. "Parallelization of Entity-Based Models in Computational Social Science| A Hardware Perspective". Thesis, George Mason University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10684969.
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The use of simulations by social scientists in exploring theories and hypotheses is well documented. As computer systems have grown in capacity, so have interests of social scientists in executing larger simulations. Social scientists often approach their simulation design from the top down by selecting an Entity-Based Model (EBM) framework from those that are readily available, thus limiting modeling capability to the available frameworks. Ultimately, the framework is dependent upon what is at the bottom, the hardware architecture that serves as the foundation of the computing system. Parallel hardware architecture supports the simultaneous execution of a problem split into multiple pieces. Thus, the problem is solved faster in parallel. In this thesis, a selection of parallel hardware architectures is examined with a goal of providing support for EBMs. The hardware's capability to support parallelization of EBMs is described and contrasted. A simple EBM is tested to illustrate these capabilities and implementation challenges specific to parallel hardware are explored. The results of this research offer social scientists better informed choices than the sequential EBM frameworks that currently exist. Matching the model to the correct supporting hardware will permit larger scale problems to be examined and expands the range of models that a social scientist can explore.
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Berman, Lucy. "Lewisian Properties and Natural Language Processing: Computational Linguistics from a Philosophical Perspective". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2200.
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Nothing seems more obvious than that our words have meaning. When people speak to each other, they exchange information through the use of a particular set of words. The words they say to each other, moreover, are about something. Yet this relation of “aboutness,” known as “reference,” is not quite as simple as it appears. In this thesis I will present two opposing arguments about the nature of our words and how they relate to the things around us. First, I will present Hilary Putnam’s argument, in which he examines the indeterminacy of reference, forcing us to conclude that we must abandon metaphysical realism. While Putnam considers his argument to be a refutation of non-epistemicism, David Lewis takes it to be a reductio, claiming Putnam’s conclusion is incredible. I will present Lewis’s response to Putnam, in which he accepts the challenge of demonstrating how Putnam’s argument fails and rescuing us from the abandonment of realism. In order to explain the determinacy of reference, Lewis introduces the concept of “natural properties.” In the final chapter of this thesis, I will propose another use for Lewisian properties. Namely, that of helping to minimize the gap between natural language processing and human communication.
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Almaatouq, Abdullah Mohammed. "Complex systems and a computational social science perspective on the labor market". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104577.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 99-109).
Thesis: S.M.. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Computation for Design and Optimization Program, 2016.
Labor market institutions are central for modern economies, and their polices can directly affect unemployment rates and economic growth. At the individual level, unemployment often has a detrimental impact on people's well-being and health. At the national level, high employment is one of the central goals of any economic policy, due to its close association with national prosperity. The main goal of this thesis is to highlight the need for frameworks that take into account the complex structure of labor market interactions. In particular, we explore the benefits of leveraging tools from computational social science, network science, and data-driven theories to measure the flow of opportunities and information in the context of the labor market. First, we investigate our key hypothesis, which is that opportunity/information flow through weak ties, and this is a key determinant of the length of unemployment. We then extend the idea of opportunity/information flow to clusters of other economic activities, where we expect the flow within clusters of related activities to be higher than within isolated activities. This captures the intuition that within related activities there are more "capitals" involved and that such activities require similar "capabilities." Therefore, more extensive clusters of economic activities should generate greater growth through exploiting the greater flow of opportunities and information. We quantify the opportunity/information flow using a complexity measure of two economic activities (i.e. jobs and exports).
by Abdullah Almaatouq.
S.M.
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Balachandran, Libish Kalathil. "Computational workflow management for conceptual design of complex systems : an air-vehicle design perspective". Thesis, Cranfield University, 2007. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/5070.
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The decisions taken during the aircraft conceptual design stage are of paramount
importance since these commit up to eighty percent of the product life cycle costs. Thus
in order to obtain a sound baseline which can then be passed on to the subsequent
design phases, various studies ought to be carried out during this stage. These include
trade-off analysis and multidisciplinary optimisation performed on computational
processes assembled from hundreds of relatively simple mathematical models
describing the underlying physics and other relevant characteristics of the aircraft.
However, the growing complexity of aircraft design in recent years has prompted
engineers to substitute the conventional algebraic equations with compiled software
programs (referred to as models in this thesis) which still retain the mathematical
models, but allow for a controlled expansion and manipulation of the computational
system. This tendency has posed the research question of how to dynamically assemble
and solve a system of non-linear models. In this context, the objective of the present
research has been to develop methods which significantly increase the flexibility and
efficiency with which the designer is able to operate on large scale computational
multidisciplinary systems at the conceptual design stage.
In order to achieve this objective a novel computational process modelling method has
been developed for generating computational plans for a system of non-linear models.
The computational process modelling was subdivided into variable flow modelling,
decomposition and sequencing. A novel method named Incidence Matrix Method
(IMM) was developed for variable flow modelling, which is the process of identifying
the data flow between the models based on a given set of input variables. This method
has the advantage of rapidly producing feasible variable flow models, for a system of
models with multiple outputs. In addition, criteria were derived for choosing the optimal
variable flow model which would lead to faster convergence of the system. Cont/d.
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Hooper, Paula Kay 1961. "They have their own thoughts : children's learning of computational ideas from a cultural perspective". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41022.
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Cai, Xuemei. "A Lexical Comparison Using Word Embedding Mapping from an Academic Word Usage Perspective". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-425266.
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This thesis applies the word embedding mapping approach to make a lexical comparison from academic word usage perspective. We aim to demonstrate the differences in academic word usage between a corpus of student writings and a corpus of academic English, as well as a corpus of student writings and social media texts. The Vecmap mapping algorithm, commonly used in solving cross-language mapping problems, was used to map academic English vector space and social media text vector space into the common student writing vector space to facilitate the comparison of word representations from different corpora and to visualize the comparison results. The average distance was defined as a measure of word usage differences of 420 typical academic words between each two corpora, and principal component analysis was applied to visualize the differences. A rank-biased overlap approach was adopted to evaluate the results of the proposed approach. The experimental results show that the usage of academic words of student writings corpus is more similar to the academic English corpus than to the social media text corpus.
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Sadat, Khonsari Armin [Verfasser], Markus [Gutachter] Kollmann i Martin [Gutachter] Lercher. "Intracellular Networks: A Computational Systems Biology Perspective / Armin Sadat Khonsari ; Gutachter: Markus Kollmann, Martin Lercher". Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1122481802/34.
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Zaldivar, Andrew. "Investigating the Interactions of Neuromodulators| A Computational Modeling, Game Theoretic, Pharmacological, Embodiment, and Neuroinformatics Perspective". Thesis, University of California, Irvine, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3631146.
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Neuromodulatory systems originate in nuclei localized in the subcortical region of the brain and control fundamental behaviors by interacting with many areas of the central nervous system. Much is known about neuromodulators, but their structural and functional implications in fundamental behavior remain unclear. This dissertation set out to investigate the interaction of neuromodulators and their role in modulating behaviors by combining methodologies in computational modeling, game theory, embodiment, pharmacological manipulations, and neuroinformatics. The first study introduces a novel computational model that predicts how dopamine and serotonin shape competitive and cooperative behavior in a game theoretic environment. The second study adopted the model from the first study to gauge how humans react to adaptive agents, as well as measuring the influence of embodied agents on game play. The third study investigates functional activity of these neuromodulatory circuits by exploring the expression energy of neuromodulatory receptors using the Allen Brain Atlas. The fourth study features a web application known as the Allen Brain Atlas-Drive Visualization, which provides users with a quick and intuitive way to survey large amounts of expression energy data across multiple brain regions of interest. Finally, the last study continues exploring the interaction of dopamine and serotonin by focusing specifically on the reward circuit using the Allen Brain Atlas. The first two studies provide a more behavioral understanding of how dopamine and serotonin interacts, what that interaction might look like in the brain, and how those interactions transpire in complex situations. The remaining three studies uses a neuroinformatics approach to reveal the underlying empirical structure and function behind the interactions of dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine and norepinephrine in brain regions responsible for the behaviors discussed in the first two studies. When combined, each study provides an additional level of understanding about neuromodulators. This is of great importance because neuroscience simply cannot be explained through one methodology. It is going to take a multifaceted effort, like the one presented in this dissertation, to obtain a deeper understanding of the complexity behind neuromodulators and their structural and functional relationship with each other.
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Blain, Peter J., i N/A. "A Computer Model of Creativity Based on Perceptual Activity Theory". Griffith University. School of Information and Communication Technology, 2007. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070823.171325.
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Perception and mental imagery are often thought of as processes that generate internal representations, but proponents of perceptual activity theory say they are better thought of as guided exploratory activities. The omission of internal representations in the perceptual activity account has led some to see it as computationally implausible. This thesis clarifies perceptual activity theory from a computational perspective, and tests its viability using a computer model called PABLO. The computer model operates in the Letter Spirit domain, which is a framework for creating stylistic variations on the lowercase letters of the Roman alphabet. PABLO is unlike other computer models of perception and mental imagery because it does not use data-structures to represent percepts and mental images. Mental contents are instead modelled in terms of the exploratory activity in which perceptual activity theory says they consist. PABLO also models the flexibility of imagery, and simulates how it can be harnessed and exploited by the system to generate a creative product. PABLO is a first attempt at an implementation of perceptual activity theory, but the results suggest that the theory is computationally viable, and that it has advantages over other theories of mental imagery in the context of creativity.
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Blain, Peter J. "A Computer Model of Creativity Based on Perceptual Activity Theory". Thesis, Griffith University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366782.
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Perception and mental imagery are often thought of as processes that generate internal representations, but proponents of perceptual activity theory say they are better thought of as guided exploratory activities. The omission of internal representations in the perceptual activity account has led some to see it as computationally implausible. This thesis clarifies perceptual activity theory from a computational perspective, and tests its viability using a computer model called PABLO. The computer model operates in the Letter Spirit domain, which is a framework for creating stylistic variations on the lowercase letters of the Roman alphabet. PABLO is unlike other computer models of perception and mental imagery because it does not use data-structures to represent percepts and mental images. Mental contents are instead modelled in terms of the exploratory activity in which perceptual activity theory says they consist. PABLO also models the flexibility of imagery, and simulates how it can be harnessed and exploited by the system to generate a creative product. PABLO is a first attempt at an implementation of perceptual activity theory, but the results suggest that the theory is computationally viable, and that it has advantages over other theories of mental imagery in the context of creativity.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Information and Communication Technology
Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
Full Text
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Ntleki, Mcebisi. "A study of the formal properties of the syntactic operations merge from a computational biolinguistic perspective". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.547785.
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Jin, Xiaolong. "Autonomy oriented computing (AOC) for web intelligence (WI) : a distributed resource optimization perspective". HKBU Institutional Repository, 2005. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/638.
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Maffei, Giovanni. "Automatic and deliberate control of action: an embodied perspective of artificial and biological brains". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666954.
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Animals evolved to survive in dynamic environments by developing multiple behavioral strategies to adapt and to learn from their interaction with the world. Associative mechanisms and internal representations are at the core brain computation, however, to acquire a complete knowledge of their relevance for behavior it is necessary to take into consideration their embodied nature. In an interdisciplinary effort which integrates methods from computational modeling, robotics, and electrophysiology, this dissertation presents a series of studies that aim at advancing the understanding of the automatic and deliberate processes that regulate embodied control of action in the brain. Through the formulation of a biologically constrained control architecture engaged in a real-world foraging task, we lay the ground for modeling and analyzing complex goal-oriented behavior emerging from the interplay between the automatic cerebro-cerebellar system acquiring sensory-motor associations, and the deliberate fronto-hippocampal system providing goal-oriented navigation and planning. Following the behavioral analysis of the stimulus-response model of cerebellar learning, we later ask how could the cerebellum implement anticipatory control, which is both adaptive and resistant to uncertainty. To answer this question, we explore the properties of the automatic control system and advance a novel hypothesis on the role of the cerebellum, by recasting its computation in the perceptual domain. Finally, we ask how the automatic and deliberate systems interact during unexpected situations that require a sudden change of plans. By analyzing the neural dynamics of the human frontal cortex in the control of deliberate action switch, we support the contribution of low-frequency oscillatory dynamics within this area to orchestrate behavior, based on internal representations of goals and rules. Altogether these results contribute to our understanding of how automatic and deliberate processes control action in the brain and advance novel insights that challenge or extend current theories. Despite the main aim to understand the brain, these insights could also be applied to the development of novel control systems for a new generation of robots.Els animals van evolucionar per sobreviure en entorns dinàmics desenvolupant múltiples estratègies de comportament per adaptar-se i aprendre de la seva interacció amb el món. Els mecanismes associatius i les representacions internes estan en el nucli del càlcul del cervell, però, per adquirir un coneixement complet de la seva rellevància per a la conducta, cal tenir en compte la seva naturalesa incorporada. En un esforç interdisciplinari que integra mètodes de modelització computacional, robòtica i electrofisiologia, aquesta tesi presenta una sèrie d’estudis que pretenen avançar en la comprensió dels processos automàtics i deliberats que regulen el control de l’acció incorporat al cervell. Mitjançant la formulació d’una arquitectura de control biològicament restringida dedicada a una tasca de forjat en el món real, posem el terreny per modelar i analitzar una conducta orientada a objectius complexos que sorgeix de la interacció entre el sistema cerebrovascular cerebral automàtic que adquireix associacions sensorials motores i deliberat sistema fronto-hipocamp que proporciona una navegació i una planificació orientades a objectius. Després de l’anàlisi conductual del model d’estímul-resposta de l’aprenentatge cerebel.lari, ens preguntem més endavant com es pot aplicar el cerebel a un control anticipat que e ́s a la vegada adaptatiu i resistent a la incertesa. Per respondre a aquesta pregunta, explorem les propietats del sistema de control automàtic i avancem una nova hipòtesi sobre el paper del cerebel, tot reformant la seva computacio ́ en el domini perceptiu. Finalment, preguntem com interactuen els sistemes automa`tic i deliberat durant situacions inesperades que requereixen un canvi sobtat de plans. Analitzant la dina`mica neural de l’escorça frontal humana en el control del canvi d’acció deliberada, recolzem l’aportació de dinàmiques oscil.ladores de baixa freqüència en aquesta àrea per orquestrar el comportament, basant-se en representacions internes d’objectius i regles. Tot plegat, aquests resultats contribueixen a la nostra comprensió de com processos automàtics i deliberats controlen l’acció en el cervell i avancen noves idees que desafien o allarguen les teories actuals. Malgrat l’objectiu principal d’entendre el cervell, aquestes idees també es podrien aplicar al desenvolupament de nous sistemes de control per a una nova generació de robots.
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Li, Xiao-Yu. "Evolving a secure grid-enabled, distributed data warehouse : a standards-based perspective". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/544.
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As digital data-collection has increased in scale and number, it becomes an important type of resource serving a wide community of researchers. Cross-institutional data-sharing and collaboration introduce a suitable approach to facilitate those research institutions that are suffering the lack of data and related IT infrastructures. Grid computing has become a widely adopted approach to enable cross-institutional resource-sharing and collaboration. It integrates a distributed and heterogeneous collection of locally managed users and resources. This project proposes a distributed data warehouse system, which uses Grid technology to enable data-access and integration, and collaborative operations across multi-distributed institutions in the context of HV/AIDS research. This study is based on wider research into OGSA-based Grid services architecture, comprising a data-analysis system which utilizes a data warehouse, data marts, and near-line operational database that are hosted by distributed institutions. Within this framework, specific patterns for collaboration, interoperability, resource virtualization and security are included. The heterogeneous and dynamic nature of the Grid environment introduces a number of security challenges. This study also concerns a set of particular security aspects, including PKI-based authentication, single sign-on, dynamic delegation, and attribute-based authorization. These mechanisms, as supported by the Globus Toolkit’s Grid Security Infrastructure, are used to enable interoperability and establish trust relationship between various security mechanisms and policies within different institutions; manage credentials; and ensure secure interactions.
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Birks, Daniel J. "Computational Agent-Based Models of Offending: Assessing the Generative Sufficiency of Opportunity-Based Explanations of the Crime Event". Thesis, Griffith University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367327.
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This thesis demonstrates that agent-based modelling offers a viable compatriot
to traditional experimental methodologies for criminology scholars,
that can be applied to explore the divide between micro-level criminological
theory and macro-level observations of crime; and in turn, aid in the
assessment of those theories which aim to describe the crime event.
The following overarching research question is addressed:
Are the micro-level mechanisms of the opportunity theories generatively sufficient
to explain macroscopic patterns commonly observed in the empirical
study of crime?
Drawing on the approach of generative social science (Epstein, 1999), this
thesis presents a systematic assessment of the generative sufficiency of three
distinct mechanisms of offender movement, target selection and learning derived
from the routine activity approach (Cohen & Felson, 1979), rational
choice perspective (Clarke, 1980; Cornish & Clarke, 1986) and crime pattern
theory (Brantingham & Brantingham, 1978, 1981). An agent-based model
of offending is presented, in which an artificial landscape is inhabited by
both potential victims and offenders who behave according to several of the
key propositions of the routine activity approach, rational choice perspective
and crime pattern theory. Following a computational laboratory-based approach,
for each hypothetical mechanism studied, control and experimental
behaviours are developed to represent the absence or presence of a proposed
mechanism within the virtual population.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Criminology and Criminal Justice
Arts, Education and Law
Full Text
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Chan, Hin Chung Stephen. "Polymorph prediction of organic (co-) crystal structures from a thermodynamic perspective". Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5530.
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A molecule can crystallise in more than one crystal structure, a common phenomenon in organic compounds known as polymorphism. Different polymorphic forms may have significantly different physical properties, and a reliable prediction would be beneficial to the pharmaceutical industry. However, crystal structure prediction (CSP) based on the knowledge of the chemical structure had long been considered impossible. Previous failures of some CSP attempts led to speculation that the thermodynamic calculations in CSP methodologies failed to predict the kinetically favoured structures. Similarly, regarding the stabilities of co-crystals relative to their pure components, the results from lattice energy calculations and full CSP studies were inconclusive. In this thesis, these problems are addressed using the state-of-the-art CSP methodology implemented in the GRACE software. Firstly, it is shown that the low-energy predicted structures of four organic molecules, which have previously been considered difficult for CSP, correspond to their experimental structures. The possible outcomes of crystallisation can be reliably predicted by sufficiently accurate thermodynamic calculations. Then, the polymorphism of 5- chloroaspirin is investigated theoretically. The order of polymorph stability is predicted correctly and the isostructural relationships between a number of predicted structures and the experimental structures of other aspirin derivatives are established. Regarding the stabilities of co-crystals, 99 out of 102 co-crystals and salts of nicotinamide, isonicotinamide and picolinamide reported in the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) are found to be more stable than their corresponding co-formers. Finally, full CSP studies of two co-crystal systems are conducted to explain why the co-crystals are not easily obtained experimentally.
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Dehaene, Guillaume. "Le statisticien neuronal : comment la perspective bayésienne peut enrichir les neurosciences". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB189.
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L'inférence bayésienne répond aux questions clés de la perception, comme par exemple : "Que faut-il que je crois étant donné ce que j'ai perçu ?". Elle est donc par conséquent une riche source de modèles pour les sciences cognitives et les neurosciences (Knill et Richards, 1996). Cette thèse de doctorat explore deux modèles bayésiens. Dans le premier, nous explorons un problème de codage efficace, et répondons à la question de comment représenter au mieux une information probabiliste dans des neurones pas parfaitement fiables. Nous innovons par rapport à l'état de l'art en modélisant une information d'entrée finie dans notre modèle. Nous explorons ensuite un nouveau modèle d'observateur optimal pour la localisation d'une source sonore grâce à l’écart temporel interaural, alors que les modèles actuels sont purement phénoménologiques. Enfin, nous explorons les propriétés de l'algorithme d'inférence approximée "Expectation Propagation", qui est très prometteur à la fois pour des applications en apprentissage automatique et pour la modélisation de populations neuronales, mais qui est aussi actuellement très mal comprisBayesian inference answers key questions of perception such as: "What should I believe given what I have perceived ?". As such, it is a rich source of models for cognitive science and neuroscience (Knill and Richards, 1996). This PhD manuscript explores two such models. We first investigate an efficient coding problem, asking the question of how to best represent probabilistic information in unrealiable neurons. We innovate compared to older such models by introducing limited input information in our own. We then explore a brand new ideal observer model of localization of sounds using the Interaural Time Difference cue, when current models are purely descriptive models of the electrophysiology. Finally, we explore the properties of the Expectation Propagation approximate-inference algorithm, which offers great potential for both practical machine-learning applications and neuronal population models, but is currently very poorly understood
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Vignola, Emanuele. "A Theoretical Perspective on Hydrogenation and Oligomerization of Acetylene over Pd Based Catalysts". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEN054/document.
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L’hydrogénation sélective de l’acétylène est un processus fondamental pour l’industrie pétrochimique qui permet la purification de l’éthylène utilisé dans les réactions de polymérisation. Ce processus est promu par des catalyseurs au palladium, qui présentent une bonne sélectivité en éthylène par rapport au produit d’hydrogénation totale, c’est-à-dire l’éthane. Les catalyseurs de palladium pur sont malheureusement désactivés par des oligomères qui se forment comme sous-produits de la réaction d’hydrogénation. Les catalyseurs d’usage industriel sont, pour cette raison, plutôt des alliages de palladium avec d’autres métaux, comme par exemple, l’argent. Ces alliages réduisent la production des oligomères, sans pour autant les supprimer complètement. Ce travail de thèse a été focalisé sur la compréhension à l’échelle moléculaire de la formation de ce mélange d’oligomères, souvent appelée « huile verte ». Pour commencer, une approche de champ moyen a été développée pour déterminer rapidement l’état de la surface catalytique de l’alliage Pd-Ag en condition de réaction. Ce modèle a montré que l’acétylène est capable de réorganiser la couche de la surface et de générer des îles de palladium. Pour confirmer cette prédiction, nous avons effectué des simulations Monte Carlo en utilisant un Hamiltonien modèle. Ces calculs ont produits des résultats similaires au modèle analytique simple. Ayant attribué la formation des oligomères aux domaines de palladium ainsi obtenus, les étapes de d’oligomérisation ont été étudies et comparés à celles qui décrivent l’hydrogénation de l’acétylène. Les calculs, réalisé avec l’approximation de la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité (DFT), ont montré que la formation des oligomères est compétitive avec l’hydrogénation. En plus, les oligomères sont plus faciles à hydrogéner que l’acétylene et pourraient, donc, impacter négativement sur l’hydrogénation sélective de l’acétylène. Le rôle exact des îles de palladium sous conditions réalistes est encore à clarifier, sachant que le palladium est recouvert d’une grande variété d’espèces chimiques. Les techniques d’intelligence artificielle peuvent aider à atteindre ce but : nous avons ainsi démontré qu’il est possible d’interpoler les résultats des calculs DFT d’une façon automatique et de décrire l’énergie du système en série de coefficients « cluster ». Ceci permet de prendre en compte les interactions latérales entre espèces chimiques à la surface du palladiumSelective hydrogenation of acetylene in ethylene-rich flows is a fundamental process in the petrochemical industry since it allows the purification of ethylene for polymer applications. The reaction is catalyzed by Pd, which features acceptable selectivity towards ethylene compared to the total hydrogenation product, ethane. Pure Pd is, however, deactivated by oligomeric byproducts, known as ”green oil” in the literature. Therefore, most industrial catalysts are Pd-Ag alloys, where Ag helps to suppress the secondary reactions. This work addresses the formation of initial oligomers on Pd and Ag-Pd catalysts. A mean field based theoretical model was built to efficiently screen the topology of the topper most layer of the alloy catalyst under relevant conditions. This model gave evidence for strongly favored Pd island formation. To confirm this result, the system was then re-investigated by means of Monte Carlo simulations including the effect of segregation. Emergence of large domains of Pd were confirmed over large ratios of Ag to Pd. Green oil is expected to form on these catalytically active islands. To obtain a detailed view on the oligomerization process, activation energies were computed both for hydrogenation and oligomerization steps by periodic density functional theory on Pd(111). Oligomerization was found to be competitive with hydrogenation, with the hydrogenation of the oligomers being among the fastest processes. The role of Pd domains to green oil formation is still to be clarified under realistic conditions, where the surface is covered by many different species. A step forward to this goal was taken by developing a machine-learning tool which automatically interpolates model Hamiltonians on graphical lattices based on DFT computations, accounting for lateral interactions and distorted adsorption modes on crowded surfaces
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Smessaert, Anton. "Microscopic perspective of polymer glasses during physical aging and mechanical deformation : a computational study of dynamical heterogeneity, plasticity, and soft vibrational modes as the link to the molecular structure". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/53018.
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Microscopic dynamics and mechanical response of polymer glasses are studied in four projects using molecular dynamics simulations of a simple bead-spring model. The first project studies the interplay between physical aging and mechanical perturbation. Structural, dynamical and energetic quantities are monitored in the recovery regime following aging and uniaxial tensile deformation periods. The total engineering strain is found to control a continuous transition from transient to permanent mechanical rejuvenation: After deformation in the pre-yield regime all quantities quickly reset to pre-deformation values, while deformation around the yield point results in the erasure of aging history. Deformation in the post-yield regime, however, drives the system into a distinct thermodynamic state.
In the second project, I introduce an efficient algorithm that detects microscopic relaxation events, which are the basis of aging dynamics and plasticity. I use this technique to calculate the density-density correlations from the spatio-temporal distribution of so called hops in quiescent polymer glasses at different temperatures and ages. Correlation ranges are extracted and I analyze the size distributions of collaboratively rearranging groups of particles. Furthermore, I spatially resolve dynamical heterogeneity (DH) as hop-clusters, and I compare cluster growth, as well as volume distribution during aging with the four-point dynamical susceptibility Χ₄ as the established measure of DH.
The third and fourth project use the hop detection technique to investigate the link between relaxation events and local structure. Quasi-localized low-energy vibrational modes, called soft modes, are found to correlate with the location and direction of hops. In the third project, I analyze the temperature- and age-dependence of this correlation in quiescent polymer glasses, and I show that the soft modes are long lived structural features. The fourth project extends the analysis to mechanically deformed polymer glasses. I find that the spatial correlation of hops and soft modes is reduced to pre-aging values after deformation in the strain softening regime. This reveals an additional perspective on mechanical rejuvenation and substantiates the findings from the first project. In the strain hardening regime the correlation increases, and this novel effect is linked to a growing localization of the soft modes.Science, Faculty of
Physics and Astronomy, Department of
Graduate
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Sither, Matthew C. (Matthew Christian). "Adaptive consolidation of computational perspectives". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37098.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 81).
This thesis describes the design and implementation of machine learning algorithms and real-time recommendations within EWall, a software system used for individual and collaborative information management. In the EWall workspace, users collect and arrange cards, which are compact visual abstractions of information. A significant problem that often arises when humans try to collect information is information overload. Information overload refers to the state of having too much information, and it causes difficulty in discovering relevant information. When affected by information overload, the user loses focus and spends more time filtering out irrelevant information. This thesis first presents a simple solution that uses a set of algorithms that prioritize information. Based on the information the user is working with, the algorithms search for relevant information in a database by analyzing spatial, temporal, and collaborative relationships. A second, more adaptive solution uses agents that observe user behavior and learn to apply the prioritization algorithms more effectively. Adaptive agents help to prevent information overload by removing the burden of search and filter from the user, and they hasten the process of discovering interesting and relevant information.
by Matthew C. Sither.
M.Eng.
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Gräbner, Claudius [Verfasser], Wolfram [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Elsner i Christian [Gutachter] Cordes. "A systemic framework for the computational analysis of complex economies: An evolutionary-institutional perspective on the ontology, epistemology, and methodology of complexity economics / Claudius Gräbner. Betreuer: Wolfram Elsner. Gutachter: Wolfram Elsner ; Christian Cordes". Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1102308889/34.
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Gräbner-Radkowitsch, Claudius [Verfasser], Wolfram [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Elsner i Christian [Gutachter] Cordes. "A systemic framework for the computational analysis of complex economies: An evolutionary-institutional perspective on the ontology, epistemology, and methodology of complexity economics / Claudius Gräbner. Betreuer: Wolfram Elsner. Gutachter: Wolfram Elsner ; Christian Cordes". Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:46-00105216-14.
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Dulk, Paul den. "Computational approaches to affective processes evolutionary and neural perspectives /". [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2002. http://dare.uva.nl/document/61946.
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Hoban, M. J. "Computational perspectives on Bell Inequalities and many-body quantum correlations". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1348376/.
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The predictions of quantum mechanics cannot be resolved with a completely classical view of the world. In particular, the statistics of space-like separated measurements on entangled quantum systems violate a Bell inequality [Bell1964]. We put forward a computational perspective on a broad class of Bell tests that study correlators, or the statistics of joint measurement outcomes. We associate particular maps, or functions to particular theories. The violation of a Bell inequality then implies the ability to perform some functions, or computations that classical, or more generally, local hidden variable (LHV) theories cannot. We derive an infinite class of Bell inequalities that establish a link to so-called "non-local games" [Cleve2004]. We then make the connection between Raussendorf and Briegel's formulation of Measurement-based Quantum Computing (MBQC) [Raussendorf2001], and these non-local games. Not only can we show that a quantum violation implies a computational advantage in this model, we show that adaptive measurements are required to perform all quantum computations. Finally, we explore post-selection of data in Bell tests from both a practical and conceptual point-of-view, with particular consideration to so-called "loopholes". Loopholes allow LHV theories to simulate quantum correlations through post-selection. We give a computational description of how loopholes can emerge in different post-selection scenarios. This motivates us to find a form of post-selection that does not lead to loopholes. Central again to this discussion is the description of LHV theories in terms of computations. Interestingly, quantum correlators can be made more "non-classical" with this loophole-free post-selection. This method of post-selection also can simulate information processing tasks, such as MBQC, that have time-like separated components. This opens up new avenues for the study of time-like tasks studied within the space-like separated scenario of the Bell test.
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Mishnaevsky, Jr L. L., H. W. Zhou, R. D. Peng, G. Dai i H. W. Wang. "Polymer Nanocomposites for Wind Energy Applications: Perspectives and Computational Modeling". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35507.
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Strength and reliability of wind blades produced from polymer composites are the important preconditions
for the successful development of wind energy. One of the ways to increase the reliability and lifetime
of polymer matrix composites is the nanoengineering of matrix or fiber / matrix interfaces in these composites.
The potential and results of nanoclay reinforcements for the improvement of the mechanical properties
of polymer composites are investigated using continuum mechanics and micromechanics methods and
effective phase model. It is demonstrated that nanoreinforcement allows increasing the stiffness and
strength of composites.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35507
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Johansson, Markus. "Entanglement and Quantum Computation from a Geometric and Topological Perspective". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teoretisk kemi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-173120.
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In this thesis we investigate geometric and topological structures in the context of entanglement and quantum computation. A parallel transport condition is introduced in the context of Franson interferometry based on the maximization of two-particle coincidence intensity. The dependence on correlations is investigated and it is found that the holonomy group is in general non-Abelian, but Abelian for uncorrelated systems. It is found that this framework contains a parallel transport condition developed by Levay in the case of two-qubit systems undergoing local SU(2) evolutions. Global phase factors of topological origin, resulting from cyclic local SU(2) evolution, called topological phases, are investigated in the context of multi-qubit systems. These phases originate from the topological structure of the local SU(2)-orbits and are an attribute of most entangled multi-qubit systems. The relation between topological phases and SLOCC-invariant polynomials is discussed. A general method to find the values of the topological phases in an n-qubit system is described. A non-adiabatic generalization of holonomic quantum computation is developed in which high-speed universal quantum gates can be realized by using non-Abelian geometric phases. It is shown how a set of non-adiabatic holonomic one- and two-qubit gates can be implemented by utilizing transitions in a generic three-level Λ configuration. The robustness of the proposed scheme to different sources of error is investigated through numerical simulation. It is found that the gates can be made robust to a variety of errors if the operation time of the gate can be made sufficiently short. This scheme opens up for universal holonomic quantum computation on qubits characterized by short coherence times.
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Banks, Gatenby Amanda. "Developing perspectives of knowledgeability through a pedagogy of expressibility with the Raspberry Pi". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/developing-perspectives-of-knowledgeability-through-a-pedagogy-of-expressibility-with-the-raspberry-pi(246a7889-d2a5-41ad-bd15-e04c0f36b529).html.
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The curriculum for ICT in UK schools was discontinued in September 2012 and replaced by a 'rebranded' subject of Computing, divided into three sub domains: Computer Science; Information Technology; and digital literacy. The latter was positioned as basic technical skills. There were concerns in the education community that the new curriculum promoted programming and computer science topics to the detriment of digital literacy and applied uses of technology. Much of the Computing education literature perpetuates the hegemony of the logical and abstract, and implies computational thinking and rationality are synonymous with criticality. During the same period, a maker culture was growing rapidly in the UK, and discourses around these activities promoted an entirely different notion of digital literacy, aligned with the wide body of literacy literature that focuses on notions of empowerment and criticality rather than basic functional skills. A digital maker tool called the Raspberry Pi was released with the intention of supporting the development of computer science and digital making competence, and thus sat at the boundary of the academic and maker communities. This thesis argues that developing 'criticality' is a vital component of Computing education and explores how learning activities with the Raspberry Pi might support development of 'criticality'. In setting the scene for the investigation, I will first explore the notions underpinning discourse around both computational and critical thinking and digital literacy, suggesting that the frictions would be best overcome by abandoning abstract constructs of knowledge and assumptions that it is possible to separate theory and practice. I show how the term 'critical' is itself problematic in the literature and I look to Wenger's social theory of learning to avoid the individualistic limits of Papert's constructionism, a popular learning theory in Computing education. Wenger's constructs of knowledgeability and competence help tell a different story of what it means to be a learner of the practice of Computing, both in learning for academic purposes and with intentions towards becoming a practitioner. In concert with learning citizenship, these constructs offer a more ethical framing of 'criticality'. Informed by this theoretical position, I suggest an original, exploratory implementation of Q methodology to explore learning with technology in school settings. I qualitatively compare 'before' and 'after' Q studies that represent perspectives at the individual and collective level, with reference to observations of classroom learning. The methodology facilitates a nuanced and complex investigation and the findings of the project suggest that where pupils are already predisposed to the subject, working with the Raspberry Pi develops a broader knowledgeability, but where there is no such predisposition, a pedagogy of expressibility influences how participation in Raspberry Pi learning activities may impact knowledgeability.
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Naseem, Abbasali. "Computation and Analysis of Effective Permittivity of Thin Film Nanostructures: An Effective Medium Perspective". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1279298769.
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Green, Anthony James. "Computation of hydrogen bond basicity as a descriptor in bioisosterism : a quantum chemical topology perspective". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/computation-of-hydrogen-bond-basicity-as-a-descriptor-in-bioisosterism-a-quantum-chemical-topology-perspective(068da139-48b0-4881-a131-5c281fd4af8a).html.
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Hydrogen bonding is a regularly occurring non covalent interaction in biological systems. Hydrogen bonding can influence a drug’s interaction with its target. It is therefore important to practically measure the relative strengths of hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bond basicity is a measure of a hydrogen bond acceptor’s capacity to accept hydrogen bonds. There are many hydrogen bond basicity scales. However, the pKBHX scale is claimed to be the most relevant to medicinal chemists because it gives a thermodynamically deducible values for each site in polyfunctional bases. A computed property, the change in energy of the hydrogen bond donor hydrogen bond atom ΔE(H), derived from the quantum theory of atoms in molecules has been found to correlate strongly with pKBHX values for OH and NH hydrogen bond donors. In particular, R2 values of 0.95 and 0.97 have been found when methanol and methylamine respectively are used as hydrogen bond donors. The property ΔE(H) has also been successfully used to predict the pKBHX values of an external data set and the values of polyfunctional bases. The strength of the correlations are not dramatically affected by using scaled down fragments of bases, or by relaxing the convergence criteria during the geometry optimisation step of calculations. The relationship between ΔE(H) and pKBHX has been found to break down for tertiary amines, and more generally for strong proton acceptors with pKBH+ values greater than 6. The successful pKBHX prediction model was, however, unsuccessful in predicting drug binding data and pKBHX values of bases that accept two separate hydrogen bonds. At this moment in time both the reason why the relationship between pKBHX and ΔE(H) is present and then breaks down for strong proton acceptors is unfortunately unknown.
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Couto, Gabriel Militello. "Pensamento computacional educacional: ensaio sobre uma perspectiva libertadora". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20378.
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This paper situates it self in the line of research Program of Graduate Studies in Education: Curriculum of the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo. It aims to reflect on the approximations between the concept of computational thinking and education in a liberating perspective. In order to do so, it leads to qualitative exploratory research on the subject by the survey of academic production of theses and dissertations produced at the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo (PUC-SP) and at State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), seeking the concept in titles, abstracts and keywords of 58,871 works carried out from 1965 to 2016. From this survey and analysis, the concept of “Computational Thinking for Education” is coined in a liberating perspective, based on the reflections on technology discussed in the works of Vieira Pinto and Milton Santos, of the concepts on Computational Thinking with the contributions of authors like Papert and Valente and liberating education, in the perspective given by Freire and Shor. This research concludes that computational thinking is an embryonic concept in the researched universities appearing in only one academic work and that it is not only possible to transpose computational thinking to basic education, but it is also possible to do so in a liberating way
Esse trabalho situa-se na linha de pesquisa Novas tecnologias na Educação do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação: Currículo da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo. Objetiva refletir sobre as aproximações entre os conceitos de pensamento computacional e de educação em uma perspectiva libertadora. Para tanto, realiza uma pesquisa qualitativa exploratória sobre o tema por meio do levantamento da produção acadêmica de teses e dissertações produzidas no Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP) e na Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), buscando o conceito em títulos, resumos e palavras chave de 58.871 trabalhos realizados de 1965 a 2016. A partir deste levantamento e análise, é encetada a tessitura do conceito de “Pensamento computacional educacional”, numa perspectiva libertadora, a partir das reflexões sobre tecnologia debatidas nas obras de Vieira Pinto e Milton Santos, dos conceitos sobre Pensamento Computacional com as contribuições de autores como Papert e Valente, e educação libertadora, na perspectiva dada por Freire e Shor. Esta pesquisa conclui que o pensamento computacional é um conceito embrionário nas universidades pesquisadas, aparecendo em apenas um trabalho acadêmico e que não só é possível fazer a transposição do pensamento computacional para o ensino básico, como também é possível fazê-lo de forma libertadora
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Gazoni, Ricardo Maciel. "Semiótica da programação: levantamento crítico e perspectivas peirceanas". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/18173.
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The study examines programming processes from the point of view of semiotics. Based on key concepts of computation and programming, it presents a critical review of the book Semiotics of Programming by Kumiko Tanaka-Ishii. The starting point is the Peircean argument of the affinity between the structure of logical reasoning and the mechanical processes in the logical machines of Jevons, Marquand e Babbage. The author takes the view that the philosophy of machines developed by Peirce in this context can serve as the basis of a computational semiotics and anchor a semiotics of programming appropriate to overcome prevailing dualist and Cartesian approaches, according to which human reasoning differs essentially from processes in nature in general and from mechanical processes in particular. The study reveals gaps in the semiotic theory of computation by Tanaka-Ishii, proposes ways to overcome them through the application of Peirce s semiotics and argues that the Peircean approach promises a better understanding of the cognitive processes involved in computation and programming
O estudo examina os processos de programação do ponto de vista da semiótica. Com base em conceitos chave da computação e programação, apresenta numa análise crítica do livro Semiotics of Programming de Kumiko Tanaka-Ishii. O ponto de partida é o argumento peirceano da afinidade entre as estruturas do raciocínio lógico e dos processos mecânicos nas máquinas lógicas de Jevons, Marquand e Babbage. O autor defende a tese de que a filosofia das máquinas desenvolvida por Peirce nesse contexto pode servir como base de uma semiótica computacional e ancorar uma semiótica da programação apropriada para ultrapassar abordagens preponderantes dualistas e cartesianas, conforme as quais o raciocínio humano difere essencialmente de processos na natureza em geral e de processos mecânicos em particular. O estudo revela lacunas na teoria semiótica computacional de Tanaka-Ishii, propõe caminhos para preenchê-las através da aplicação da semiótica de Peirce e postula que a abordagem peirceana promete uma melhor compreensão dos processos cognitivos envolvidos na computação e na programação
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Väyrynen, P. (Pertti). "Perspectives on the utility of linguistic knowledge in English word prediction". Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2005. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:951427850X.
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Abstract The problem addressed in the present thesis is the utility of linguistic knowledge in one domain of language technology, word prediction. An important characteristic of any practical language technology application is its level of performance, and it is therefore essential to be able to measure this quantitatively. The main questions in the present thesis are the following: (1) how can a significant improvement in performance be obtained in practical language technology products, and (2) what is the cost of improved performance in terms of the sources of linguistic knowledge that should be incorporated in them? On a more general level, the major findings suggest that the practical utility of linguistic knowledge in language technology should generally be evaluated from at least three larger perspectives: (1) language, (2) technology, and (3) the user of the application. From these three perspectives, a variety of constraints can be identified which either increase or decrease the usefulness of linguistic knowledge in practical language technology applications. A statistical state-of-the-art word prediction system was developed and tested in the empirical part of this work, and testing the performance of a few prediction methods that utilise sources of linguistic knowledge showed that they can perform just as well as some existing state-of-the-art statistical prediction methods. When the syllable-initial characters of the words to be predicted were used, for example, the expected length of the search key in a running text with a prediction list of ten tokens was only 1.59 characters, while the use of information on the parts of speech of the word tokens to be predicted in a system with five lists representing five parts of speech resulted only in a three percent improvement in performance. One of the practical implications of these results for the field of language technology is that a significant improvement in the performance of a word prediction system may be achieved only incrementally. The simultaneous use of several techniques may in turn dilute the real-time operation of the prediction system, so that it is unable to suggest candidate words quickly enough for the user. It can also affect some performance aspects such as the average percentage of keystrokes/characters savedAbstrakti Tässä työssä tutkittiin lingvistisen tiedon hyödyllisyyttä kieliteknologian yhdellä sovellusalueella eli sanan ennakointia englannin kielessä. Sovellus pyrkii ennakoimaan sanan, jota käyttäjä kirjoittaa parhaillaan tai aikoo kirjoittaa seuraavaksi. Nämä sovellukset ovat hyödyllisiä esim. pienissä päätelaitteissa, joissa tekstin tuottaminen on hankalaa. Eräs kieliteknologiasovellusten tärkeimmistä ominaisuuksista on niiden tehokas toiminta ja suorituskyky, jonka tulisi olla kvantitatiivisesti mitattavissa. Oleellisin tutkimuskysymys on näin ollen: (1) miten käytännön kieliteknologiasovellusten suorituskykyä voidaan parantaa merkittävästi lingvistisen tiedon avulla ja (2) mitä tämä vaatii käytännössä? Yleisellä tasolla tutkimuksen tärkeimmät tulokset ovat seuraavat: lingvistisen tiedon käytännön hyödyllisyyttä pitäisi arvioida ainakin kolmesta näkökulmasta, jotka ovat: (1) kielen näkökulma, (2) teknologian näkökulma ja (3) sovelluksen käyttäjän näkökulma. Näiden kolmen näkökulman avulla voidaan määrittää joukko tekijöitä, jotka joko lisäävät tai vähentävät lingvistisen tiedon hyödyllisyyttä käytännön kieliteknologiasovelluksissa. Työn empiirisessä osassa kehitettiin tilastollinen sananennakointisovellus englannin kieleen hyödyntäen parhaiten toimivia ennakointitekniikoita yhdessä ja samassa järjestelmässä. Kehitetyssä järjestelmässä suorituskyky vastaa täysin aiempien järjestelmien suorituskykyä. Työssä testattiin myös joitakin uusia, lingvististä tietoa hyödyntäviä ennakointitekniikoita, joiden suorituskyky vastasi tiettyjen tilastollisten ennakointimenetelmien suorituskykyä. Tutkimuksen tuloksista voidaan päätellä muun muassa, että sananennakointisovellusten suorituskykyä voidaan parantaa merkittävästi lingvistisen tiedon avulla vain käyttämällä samanaikaisesti useita lingvistisen tiedon lähteitä. Tämä taas saattaa hidastaa sovelluksen reaaliaikaista toimintaa ja vaikuttaa sovelluksen suorituskykyyn silloin kun se mitataan näppäinsäästönä merkkisäästön asemesta
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Hsiao, Hsu-Feng. "Multimedia streaming congestion control over heterogeneous networks : from distributed computation and end-to-end perspectives /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5946.
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Hime, Paul Michael. "GENOMIC PERSPECTIVES ON AMPHIBIAN EVOLUTION ACROSS MULTIPLE PHYLOGENETIC SCALES". UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/biology_etds/45.
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Genomes provide windows into the evolutionary histories of species. The recent accessibility of genome-scale data in non-model organisms and the proliferation of powerful statistical models are now providing unprecedented opportunities to uncover evolutionary relationships and to test hypotheses about the processes that generate and maintain biodiversity. This dissertation work reveals shallow-scale species boundaries and population genetic structure in two imperiled groups of salamanders and demonstrates that the number and information content of genomic regions used in species delimitation exert strong effects on the resulting inferences. Genome scans are employed to test hypotheses about the mechanisms of genetic sex determination in cryptobranchid salamanders, suggesting a conserved system of female heterogamety in this group. At much deeper scales, phylogenetic analyses of hundreds of protein-coding genes across all major amphibian lineages are employed to reveal the backbone topology and evolutionary timescales of the amphibian tree of life, suggesting a new set of hypotheses for relationships among extant amphibians. Yet, genomic data on their own are no panacea for the thorniest questions in evolutionary biology, and this work also demonstrates the power of a model testing framework to dissect support for different phylogenetic and population genetic hypotheses across different regions of the genome.
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Costa, Janete Sander. "Autoria coletiva em ambiente informatizado na perspectiva da formação de professores em língua inglesa". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/15583.
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Foi estudada interdisciplinarmente a autoria coletiva, em ambiente informatizado na Web, de professores em formação (graduação e extensão) da língua inglesa como língua estrangeira. O estudo foi vinculado às linhas de pesquisa “Interfaces Digitais em Educação: Arte, Linguagem e Cognição”, do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Informática na Educação, da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, e ao grupo de estudos da interação dialógica e as tecnologias, do Laboratório de Estudos em Linguagem, Interação e Cognição, LELIC, com base em teorias da filosofia da linguagem de Mikhail Bakhtin. O EquiText, ferramenta de escrita colaborativa na Web e/ou ambiente virtual de aprendizagem, desenvolvido nesta universidade, proporcionou três experimentos: dois, na Instituição de Ensino Superior 1, IES 1, com estudantes voluntários da Licenciatura em Língua Inglesa; e um terceiro, na IES 2, com professores de inglês em serviço. Além do objetivo geral de verificar as possibilidades de autoria coletiva no EquiText, os objetivos específicos analisaram as relações dialógicas que os participantes da pesquisa estabeleceram: i) com o EquiText, em referência a manifestações procedurais-simbólicas; ii) entre si (com o outro), em referência a manifestações interacionais; e, iii) com o texto, em referência a manifestações na construção textual independente da proficiência na língua inglesa. Os pressupostos teóricos foram os conceitoschave: o enunciado, as relações dialógicas, o texto, conforme Bakhtin; e a presencialidade, conforme Axt. Os textos foram analisados em três planos: das ações nas relações dialógicas procedurais, interacionais e textuais. Os resultados apontam para as possibilidades de constituição de um autêntico espaço-tempo de produção de autoria coletiva, a partir da conjunção feliz de, pelo menos, duas condições: um espaço-tempo tecnológico de escrita colaborativa (o EquiText); um espaço-tempo pedagógico constituído pelos princípios da interação dialógica, simultanemente atualizável, nos três planos das manifestações procedurais, das interações entre os participantes, e das relações com o próprio texto colaborativo em construção. O plano da tese abarcou cinco seções: da apresentação (1); da língua inglesa, a língua inglesa escrita, e a língua inglesa e as tecnologias de informação e comunicação (2); da apresentação do autor principal, teoria de referência e conceitos básicos utilizados (3); da metodologia da pesquisa, procedimentos e análises (4); e das considerações finais (5).On a web-based computerized environment collective authorship was interdisciplinarily researched on teachers who were studying (graduate or extension) English as a foreign language. This study was linked to research lines “Digital Interfaces in Education, Art, Language and Cognition” of Post Graduate Programme in Computer Science in Education of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, and to dialogical interaction and technologies group of studies at the Language, Interaction and Cognition Studies Laboratory, LELIC, based on Mikhail Bakhtin’s philosophy of language. EquiText, a tool for collaborative writing on the web and/or a virtual learning environment developed in this University, provided three experiments: two at the Institution of Higher Education 1, IES 1, with voluntary students from a Languages course – focus on the English language teaching; and a third one at IES 2 with English teachers. Besides the general objective to examine authorship using EquiText, specific objectives analysed dialogical relationships established by research participants: i) with EquiText, i.e., procedural-symbolic manifestations; ii) between themselves (with the other); and, iii) with the text, in textual construction independent from English language proficiency. The theoretical presuppositions were these key-concepts: statement, dialogical relationships, and text, as in Bakhtin (2000); and presentiality, as in Axt (2006). Texts were analysed in three dialogic action plans: procedural, interactional and textual. Results point out to possibilities of the establishment of a collective authorship space-time production due to a satisfying conjunction of at least two conditions: a collaborative writing technological spacetime (the EquiText); and a pedagogic space-time, reinforced by dialogic interaction principles, simultaneously refreshable by participants in relation to the collaborative text under construction, in three manifestation plans. They are: procedural, or the relations between the “I” and the technology; interactional, or the encounter of the “I” and the other; and textual, the “I” and the written text under collective production. The thesis plan comprises five chapters: the presentation (1); the English language, written, supported by technologies (2); the presentation of main author, key concepts used, and a construct to analyses (3); the methodology, procedures, and analyses (4); and, final considerations (5).
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Filho, Carlos Roberto Rodrigues. "The Evolution of the Computation Project for an Artificial Intelligence and the new Perspectives Offered by the Advances of the Enactive Cognition". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8788.
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FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃO desenvolvimento da Ãrea de InteligÃncia Artificial (IA) trouxe grandes avanÃos para a resoluÃÃo de problemas computacionalmente difÃceis. No entanto, a meta inicial da IA, de implementaÃÃo de uma inteligÃncia genuÃna de forma artificial, ainda nÃo foi alcanÃada. Por isso, a grande maioria dos pesquisadores da Ãrea mudou o foco de suas pesquisas para resoluÃÃo de problemas, em geral abandonando a meta de uma inteligÃncia artificial. Para continuar perseguindo essa meta, outros pesquisadores passaram a questionar os princÃpios filosÃficos da IA e tomar novos rumos. Alguns deles perceberam que o processo da inteligÃncia nÃo à puramente mental. De acordo com essa nova visÃo, o corpo tem um papel fundamental no processo cognitivo. A partir desse ponto de vista, visando superar obstÃculos tradicionais da IA, surgiu a IA Corporificada. Esta tem uma forte tendÃncia a implementaÃÃo em robÃs, para se desenvolver um melhor projeto sobre o corpo. PorÃm, apesar de ter obtido avanÃos em relaÃÃo a problema da IA tradicional, a IA Corporificada comeÃou a apresentar suas prÃprias limitaÃÃes. Surgiu entÃo a ideia de que um agente genuinamente inteligente deve formular seus prÃprios problemas a partir da percepÃÃo da realidade, construÃda em termo do seus aparato sensÃrio-motor. Em outras palavras, a inteligÃncia genuÃna està ligada à autonomia do agente. A IA Enativa surgiu influenciada por estudos biolÃgicos a respeito da autonomia. Nessa Ãrea da IA a meta à construir um agente artificial autÃnomo. Este trabalho relata a trajetÃria da IA desde a sua fundaÃÃo, passando pela vertente da IA Corporificada, e apontando um possÃvel novo paradigma da IA Enativa. AlÃm disso, nÃs Analisamos e discutimos os processos que levaram pesquisadores a questionar o embasamento filosÃfico da IA e a formular novos conceitos a respeito do que à inteligÃncia.
The development in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) field brought great improvement to the resolution of computationally hard problems. However, the early goal of AI, of implementing a genuine intelligence in an artificial way, was not achieved. Therefore most of the fieldâs researchers changed their researchâs focus to problem resolution, quitting the goal of an artificial intelligence. To keep pursuing that goal others researchers started questioning the philosophical principles of AI and they took new routes. Some of them realized that the process of intelligence is not purely mental. According to this new view the body has a fundamental role in the cognitive process. From this point of view, aiming to overcome traditional obstacles of AI, the Embodied AI emerged. It has a strong tendency to implementation in robots, to develop a better design of the body. Despite having achieved improvements over the problem of traditional AI, Embodied AI started to present its own limitations. Then came the idea that a genuinely intelligent agent must formulate its own problems from the perception of reality, constructed in terms of their sensory-motor apparatus. In other words, the genuine intelligence is linked to the agentâs autonomy. The Enactive AI appeared influenced by biological studies about autonomy. In this AI field the goal is to build an autonomous artificial agent. This paper reports the trajectory of AI since its foundation, through strand of Embodied AI, and pointing to a possible new paradigm of Enactive AI. In addition, we analyse and discuss the processes that led researchers to question the philosophical basis of IA and formulate new concepts about what intelligence is.
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Kowarsch, Andreas [Verfasser], Hans-Werner [Akademischer Betreuer] Mewes i Fabian J. [Akademischer Betreuer] Theis. "The impact of microRNAs on signaling pathways : From general perspectives to a computational model of the JAK-STAT pathway / Andreas Kowarsch. Gutachter: Fabian J. Theis. Betreuer: Hans-Werner Mewes". München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1020056983/34.
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