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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Compromise agreement"
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Archard, David. "Moral Compromise". Philosophy 87, nr 3 (15.06.2012): 403–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819112000265.
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AbstractA moral compromise is a compromise on moral matters; it is agreement in the face of moral disagreement but where there is agreement on the importance of consensus – namely that it secures a morally desirable outcome. It is distinguishable from other forms of agreement, and an important distinction between moral compromise with public agreement and moral compromise with public disagreement is also made. Circumstances in which the former might be permissible are outlined, and the sense in which it is allowed all things considered to agree is made clear. The relevant discussions of Dan Brock and Mary Warnock on the role of the philosopher to public policy are critically reviewed. Finally, a brief list is offered of the considerations relevant to an estimation of whether and, if so, when such compromise is allowed.
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Kornprobst, Markus. "How Rhetorical Strategies Reproduce Compromise Agreements: The Case of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Regime". Government and Opposition 47, nr 3 (2012): 342–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2012.01366.x.
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AbstractHow do actors, once they have reached agreement on a compromise, make this compromise persist? Being rooted in mutual concessions, it can never be taken for granted that compromises, once agreed upon, stay in place. Contestation about compliance is something that is very much to be expected and does not inevitably destabilize a compromise. Whether such a destabilization occurs or not depends on how actors communicate with one another. I contend that whether compromise persists or not has a great deal to do with the interplay of offensive and defensive rhetorical strategies that actors employ. I identify six offensive strategies (recourse, elaboration, entrapment, accusation, ostracism, abandonment) and six defensive ones (accommodation, placation, denial, deflection, inattentiveness, rejection), and chart the degrees to which offensive–defensive exchanges of strategies are conducive to reproducing compromises. Recourse–accommodation interplays on the one hand (most conducive) and abandonment–rejection interplays on the other (least conducive) form the poles of the spectrum of exchanges. I probe my theoretical framework by inquiring into the stability of the grand compromise that underpins the nuclear non-proliferation regime. The findings support my framework. The parties have tended to stay away from heavy rhetorical artillery and stuck to less robust rhetorical strategies. Elaboration and placation strategies have played a particularly important role for making the grand compromise persist.
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Baer, Miriam. "Too Vast to Succeed". Michigan Law Review, nr 114.6 (2016): 1109. http://dx.doi.org/10.36644/mlr.114.6.vast.
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If sunlight is, in Justice Brandeis’s words, “the best of disinfectants,” then Brandon Garrett’s latest book, Too Big to Jail: How Prosecutors Compromise with Corporations might best be conceptualized as a heroic attempt to apply judicious amounts of Lysol to the murky world of federal corporate prosecutions. “How Prosecutors Compromise with Corporations” is the book’s neutral- sounding secondary title, but even casual readers will quickly realize that Garrett means that prosecutors compromise too much with corporations, in part because they fear the collateral consequences of a corporation’s criminal indictment. Through an innovation known as the Deferred Prosecution Agreement, or DPA, prosecutors reach extrajudicial contractual agreements with corporations. Although prosecutors have long touted the transformative potential of these agreements, Garrett concludes that their benefits are often superficial and short-lived. Moreover, prosecutors negotiate these compromises with little oversight or accountability. Even worse, this overly soft approach toward entities has infected prosecutorial resolve to prosecute individual offenders, thereby enabling corporate managers to escape liability for their criminal wrongdoing. No wonder, then, that Garrett perceives a grievous accountability gap in the corporate crime landscape.
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Cejudo Córdoba, Rafael. "Making Sense of Doing Wrong: On the Justification of Compromise Decisions". Crítica (México D. F. En línea) 45, nr 135 (10.12.2013): 29–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/iifs.18704905e.2013.670.
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This paper holds that compromises are a kind of agreement and also a kind of decision. The main objectives are: 1) to identify the formal structure of compromise situations, or predicaments where some compromise decision (CD) is unavoidable, including CDs that jeopardize the decision-maker’s integrity; 2) through Amartya Sen’s notions of basic and compulsive judgments, to establish when a CD in a situation of compromise could be morally justified. It concludes that justified CDs involve a rationally justified moral regret which helps to bridge the gap between deontology and consequentialism.
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Hussenot, Anthony. "Toward a process and situated view of compromises". International Journal of Organizational Analysis 24, nr 5 (7.11.2016): 835–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-01-2015-0838.
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Purpose To understand how collaborative work practices emerge and evolve throughout activities, the purpose of this paper is to comprehend the making of compromises from a process view. Compromises are here understood as constantly evolving throughout activities. Design/methodology/approach The author relies on the Actor-Network Theory to define two dynamics participating in the making of compromises: the translation and the association. These two dynamics are then illustrated with a case study about the development of a Human Resource Management device that took place in a bank in Luxembourg. From this case, the author focuses on the emergence of various compromises about the project’s purpose. Findings Based on the insights brought by the theoretical framework and case studies, compromise is understood as a temporary result of the translations and associations between humans and non-humans. Compromise is also anything that is shared by actors (meaning, categories, objectives, etc). that enables them to make their collective activity possible. This process view of compromises makes three contributions: it fully recognizes that compromise is not stable but situated in practices, it highlights the mediating role of compromises and it insists on the interrelation between compromises throughout the activity. Originality/value The matter of compromise has mainly been studied from a moral standpoint as a stable agreement, whatever the context. This article also provides an alternative approach to understanding compromise as situated in practices.
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Linos, Katerina, i Tom Pegram. "The Language of Compromise in International Agreements". International Organization 70, nr 3 (2016): 587–621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818316000138.
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AbstractTo reach agreement, international negotiators often compromise by using flexible language: they make controversial provisions vague, or add options and caveats. Does flexibility in agreement language influence subsequent state behavior? If so, do states follow both firm and flexible language somewhat, as negotiators hope? Or do governments respond strategically, increasing their energies on firmly specified tasks, and reducing their efforts on flexibly specified ones? Testing theories about agreement language is difficult because states often reserve flexible language for controversial provisions. To make causal claims, we study an unusually drafted agreement in which states had almost no opportunity to dilute agreement language. We examine the influence of the 1991 Paris Principles on the Design of National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs), using an original data set of twenty-two institutional safeguards of NHRIs in 107 countries, and case studies. We find that variations in agreement language can have large effects on state behavior, even when the entire agreement is nonbinding. Both democracies and authoritarian states followed the principles' firm terms closely. However, authoritarian states either ignored or reduced their efforts on flexibly specified tasks. If flexibly specifying a task is no different from omitting it altogether, as our data suggest, the costs of compromise are much greater than previously believed.
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Kohutych, I. "TACTICAL COMPONENTS OF THE PROSECUTOR’S ACTIONS TO CONCLUDE A PLEA AGREEMENT FOR THE ACCUSED". Criminalistics and Forensics, nr 66 (2021): 243–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2021.66.20.
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The article is devoted to the study of certain tactical aspects of the he prosecutor’s participation in the conclusion of an agreement on the confession of guilt by the accused. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop a system of forensic recommendations regarding the provision of this direction of the prosecutor’s activity in court proceedings. It is stated that the institution of criminal procedure has appeared in Ukraine based on agreements, that is, a mechanism with separate contractual (compromise) elements during the resolution of criminal legal conflicts, which belongs to the so-called special orders of criminal proceedings. It is noted that, in contrast to the sufficient attention of scientists to the issues of procedural regulation of criminal proceedings based on agreements, the tactical aspects of the activities of the prosecutor almost get out of sight of scientific research, which is in no way consistent with modern challenges of combating crime. It has been established that the activities of the prosecutor to conclude an agreement on the confession of guilt by the accused and his/her judicial approval are cognitive and organizationally diverse, requiring appropriate tactical support (provision). This support will be a new direction of tactical and forensic support of the so-called compromise procedures in criminal proceedings. It should contain recommendations, at least regarding localization of an unproductive conflict between the prosecution and the accused, as well as unpredictable compromises between other participants in criminal proceedings. It should contain recommendations the availability of adequate ways to convince the accused of the futility of his/her opposition to the prosecutor and the court and the need to cooperate with them based on feedback, taking into account the specifics of professional defense and a situational analysis of one or another variant of defense tactics. In the context of the prosecutor’s activities to conclude an agreement on the plea of the accused, the most relevant is the so-called negotiation tactics. In the mainstream of the analyzed subject, it would be more expedient to call it the tactics of prosecutorial persuasion and ensuring compromise procedures in the criminal process. Its constituent elements are a system of recommendations regarding the organizational, informational and resource-personnel support of the prosecutor’s activities to conclude an agreement on the plea of the accused in order to a) make it impossible for the relevant participants in the criminal process to formally treat their duties; b) prevent unpredictable compromises between the defense and the victim, as well as prosecution witnesses; c) promote exclusively objective media coverage of the real state of affairs (in conditions of journalistic interest in a specific compromise procedure). At least, this will already become the basis for the effective use of tactics of creating conditions for the preparation and direct conclusion of an agreement on the plea of the accused.
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Parijs, Philippe Van. "What Makes a Good Compromise?" Government and Opposition 47, nr 3 (2012): 466–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2012.01371.x.
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AbstractA compromise is an agreement that involves mutual concessions. Each party gets less than it feels entitled to, but agrees to it because the situation it anticipates under the deal is better than the one it expects in the absence of a deal: conflict, exit or arbitration by a third party. Some compromises, however, are bad, and others are good. This article discusses three conjectures about what it is that makes a compromise good. Is a good compromise an honourable compromise, one that enables each party to save face? Is it rather a fair compromise, one that contributes to the progress of justice independently defined? Or is it a Pareto-improving compromise, one that changes things in such a way that it ends up making everyone better off than under the status quo? A compromise is never as good as a consensus, but it is generally better than nothing, and often achievable when a consensus is not. And when it is, trying to make it as good as possible in each of the three ways described is always worthwhile.
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Kelly, T. Mills. "Last Best Chance or Last Gasp? The Compromise of 1905 and Czech Politics in Moravia". Austrian History Yearbook 34 (styczeń 2003): 279–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s006723780002052x.
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On November 27, 1905, leading members of the Czech and German communities in Moravia agreed to a political compromise that divided power in the provincial diet between Czechs, Germans, and members of the landowning and ecclesiastical aristocracy. Over the next few years, the Moravian agreement was used as a model for political compromises in Bukovina (1910) and Galicia (1914).1 For decades historians hailed the Moravian compromise and its successors as evidence that the feuding nations of the late Habsburg monarchy could indeed find sufficient common ground to live together in peace. Although in the past decade scholars generally have taken a more cautious approach to the results of these compromises, much of this work betrays a sense of disappointment over a missed opportunity. Somehow, the Czech-German compromise in Moravia might have become a model for ethnic cooperation, proof that the monarchy's contentious national communities could work out their differences and live together, or at least a sign
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Sheludiakov, R. S., O. Yu Biloshenko i Yu S. Chabanenko. "INDIVIDUAL LEGAL AGREEMENT AS A FORM OF LEGAL COMPROMISE". State and Regions. Series: Law, nr 1 (2021): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32840/1813-338x-2021.1.7.
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Luminet, Marine. "La plus-value d'une tierce personne dans un dispositif de formation d'enseignants débutants". Thesis, La Réunion, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LARE0005/document.
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Comment s'approprie-t-on les règles de métier lors de l'année de stage de titularisation des enseignants débutants ? La conception traditionnelle de l'enseignement donne un rôle crucial aux experts et porte l'attention sur la place des collectifs professionnels dans le développement de l'activité des enseignants en formation. La sociologie a-t-elle à dire ou à redire face à cette approche ? Fruit d'une enquête de terrain sur trois établissements scolaires, nos résultats montrent que la relation dyadique classique, tuteur expert / novice, ne permet pas toujours aux novices de s'approprier les règles de métier. Cette configuration dyadique ne favorise pas le jeu de l'argumentation et de la contre-argumentation permettant via des accords ou des désaccords, l'apprentissage des règles. Ne conviendrait-il pas mieux d'introduire un tiers pour dépasser les freins statutaires qui brident la relation ? C'est ce que nous avons choisi de faire à partir d'une démarche expérimentale qui repose sur la mise en place d'une relation triadique. Le tiers élève le niveau de la contrainte de justification, et les conseils du tuteur ne peuvent plus s'appuyer uniquement sur l'avantage statutaire dont il bénéficiait jusqu'alors. Ce dispositif permet au stagiaire, au risque du conflit, engageant la nécessité d'opération de relativisation et de compromis, d'accéder aux règles enseignées par le tuteur, restées jusque-là inaccessiblesHow do the rules are appropriated during the year of preservice teachers? The traditional conception of education gives a crucial role to the experts and focuses on the place of professional collectives in the development of the activity of teachers in training. Does sociology have to say or complain about this approach? The result of our survey based of three schools, show that the classical dyadic relationship expert-tutor / novice does not always allow novices to appropriate the rules of trade. This dyadic configuration does not favor the game of argumentation and counter-argumentation through agreements or disagreements and get difficult the learning of rules. Would not it be better to introduce a third party to overcome the statutory obstacles breaking the relationship. This is what we choose to do from an experimental approach based on the establishment of a triadic relationship. The third party raises the level of the justifying constraint and the tutor's advice can no longer rely solely on the statutory advantage he enjoyed hitherto
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Damestoy, Boris. "Quelles cultures politiques pour les politiques culturelles ? : L’appropriation de la notion de culture par les élus municipaux : l'exemple du département du Rhône". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20027/document.
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Depuis plus de trente ans, l’intervention culturelle des villes n’a cessé de se développer et de se diffuser au travers du territoire national. Multiplication des structures, des projets, création régulière de délégations politiques adéquates ; la culture est un secteur qui a largement bénéficié du dynamisme impulsé par la décentralisation. Parallèlement, les modèles politiques locaux ont évolué avec la montée en puissance de « projets de territoires », englobant les différents secteurs, dont la culture, dans une politique globale. Si elle n’a pas eu de peine à trouver une place dans ces politiques, une idée aussi large et polymorphe que celle de « culture » a nécessairement vu ses contours évoluer. Dès lors plusieurs questions se posent. Quelle place les collectivités font-elles à l’héritage de la politique culturelle française « inventée » en 1959 ? Entre adhésion et opposition au modèle national, comment les politiques culturelles locales se construisent-elles ? Enfin, qu’est-ce qui « fait culture » pour des élus locaux le plus souvent éloignés des réseaux politiques ou des fédérations d’élus à la culture et qui ne peuvent compter que sur leur expérience et leur territoire pour s’approprier leur délégation ?C’est cette appropriation de la notion de culture que ce travail se propose d’explorer, au moyen d’outils issus du corpus de la sociologie des organisations. Le récit des élus à la culture sera mis en perspective avec celui des autres acteurs culturels, mais aussi du corpus de la sociologie de la culture en France, et plus largement de la notion de culture en sciences humaines. Cette confrontation aura pour objectif d’observer les processus « d’entrée en culture » par les élus locaux, la construction des convictions, des orientations politiques des objectifs et des résultats attendus, parfois éloignés des représentations les plus attendues mais nécessitant toute l’attention des acteurs culturels. Au fil des situations et à travers ces démarches, différentes facettes de la notion de culture apparaîtront, et permettront d’observer, à défaut d’une définition unique ce qui fonde la notion de culture dans les politiques locales françaisesFor more than thirty years, cultural involvement by cities has developed constantly and has spread across the nation. Facilities and projects have multiplied and appropriate political delegations have been created regularly: culture is a sector that has widely benefitted from the dynamism driven by decentralization.At the same time, local political models have developed with the rise in power of “territory projects”, encompassing difference sectors including culture within an overall political framework. Although it can scarcely be found within these policies, an idea as large and polymorphic as “culture” has naturally changed form.From that moment, many questions arise. What space do collectivities make for the heritage of the French cultural policy “invented” in 1959? Between adhering to and opposing the national model, how are local cultural policies constructed? Finally, what does culture “do” for local elected official, who are usually far removed from political networks and cultural federations of elected officials and who can only rely on their experience and their territory to appropriate their delegation? This appropriation of the notion of culture is what this work will explore, using tools of the sociological corpus of the organizations.The narrative of elected officials of culture will be put into perspective along with the narrative of other cultural stakeholders, but also in the sociological corpus of culture in France, and more widely, in the notion of culture to be found in human science.This confrontation will aim at observing the process of “entering into culture” by local elected officials, the construction of convictions, political alignment of objectives and expected results, which are sometimes far from the most expected representations but which require the full attention of cultural stakeholders. Through situations and through these procedures, different facets of the notion of culture will appear and will help us, for lack of a single definition, observe what the notion of culture initiates in French local politics
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Ponsard, Anne-Laure. "La transaction administrative". Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100200/document.
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This thesis offers to study “la transaction administrative” (agreement between two public agencies and a public agency and private individual in order to resolve conflict) in consideration of its legal environment: a transactional method of resolution administrative dispute can it validly grows into French law? It appears that the administrative transaction has developed where it is designated to do so. Promote this mode of dispute resolution assumed to clarify the definition and the legal regime. Here, like the transaction of private law, the administrative transaction is characterized by three elements: the existence of a dispute- under the administrative judge - an agreement and mutual concessions. Their apprehension is, however, subject to some adjustments to take account of the issues of administrative law that necessarily raise administrative disputes. This is a transaction largely inspired by the transaction of private law and slightly derogatory to common law that the Conseil d’Etat has shaped. The administrative transaction has been actually developed. However, a bigger development does not seem possible, at least in the short term, as the obstacles are significant. These are numerous, of heterogeneous nature and in some cases, hardly remediable. Neither the French legal system, nor the characteristics of the transaction allow a massive development of this dispute resolution. It is therefore likely that the administrative transaction remains in France, a secondary means of dispute resolution. But secondary does not necessarily mean minor, and if further progress is possible, the result of the administrative transaction is, essentially, very honourableLa présente thèse se propose d’étudier la transaction administrative à l’aune de son environnement juridique : un mode transactionnel de règlement des litiges administratifs peut-il valablement se développer en droit français ? Il apparaît alors que la transaction administrative s’est développée là où elle est désignée pour ce faire. Promouvoir ce mode de règlement des litiges supposait d’en clarifier la définition et le régime juridique. En l’occurrence, comme la transaction de droit privé, la transaction administrative est caractérisée par trois éléments : l’existence d’un litige ─ relevant du juge administratif ─, un accord de volontés et des concessions réciproques. Leur appréhension fait, en revanche, l’objet de quelques adaptations de façon à tenir compte des problématiques du droit administratif que soulèvent nécessairement les litiges administratifs. C’est donc une transaction largement inspirée de la transaction de droit privé et faiblement dérogatoire au droit commun que le Conseil d’Etat a façonnée. Depuis, la transaction administrative s’est effectivement développée. Toutefois, un plus grand développement encore ne semble pas envisageable, du moins à court terme, tant les entraves sont importantes. Celles-ci sont nombreuses, de nature hétéroclite et pour certaines, difficilement remédiables. Ni le système juridique français, ni les caractéristiques propres de la transaction ne se prêtent à un développement massif de ce mode de règlement des litiges. Il est donc probable que la transaction administrative demeure, en droit français, un mode secondaire de règlement des litiges. Mais secondaire ne signifie pas nécessairement mineur, et si des progrès sont encore envisageables, le bilan de la transaction administrative est, pour l’essentiel, très honorable
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Estrada, Dutrieux Christine. "La génération de la convention de compromis par l'organisation pluraliste à partir de la capacité d'absorption : le cas d'un établissement de formation en travail social". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0426.
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Notre thèse interroge la capacité d’un Établissement de Formation en Travail Social (EFTS) considéré comme pluraliste, à pouvoir adopter une convention de compromis entre des « mondes » au cours d’une démarche d’absorption de connaissances externes, pour répondre à sa mission d’intérêt général. Elle propose de comprendre comment une convention de compromis est mise en œuvre à partir des capacités d’absorption de connaissances. Notre revue de littérature nous permet d’établir un modèle d’analyse qui précise l’action du processus d’absorption de connaissances sur l’adoption de la convention de compromis par le courtier de connaissances. Pour étudier ce processus, nous nous appuyons sur une étude de cas enchâssée avec deux groupes-projets au sein d’un EFTS. Les entretiens menés montrent pour l’un des deux groupes, le rôle majeur du courtier de connaissances évoluant vers une fonction de courtier de mondes. Son action parvient durant le processus d’absorption à générer une convention de compromis. Le deuxième groupe présente une expérience dissemblable : la figure d’accord produite est l’arrangement qui n’engage pas la convention de compromis. Lors du passage à l’organisation, l’étude empirique met en évidence qu’aucun des deux groupes ne parvient à faire adopter la convention de compromis dans l’EFTS. La discussion de nos résultats porte sur les leviers favorables à l’adoption d’une convention de compromis par une organisation pluraliste pour répondre à une mission d’intérêt général : 1) le rôle majeur du courtier de mondes ; 2) le fonctionnement en communauté de pratique pilotée à bien commun ; 3) la dimension réflexive exercée au sein de l'organisationOur thesis looks at the capacity of a social work training institution that is considered pluralist to adopt a compromise agreement between “worlds” during a process of absorbing external knowledge so that it can fulfil its public interest mission. The thesis investigates how a compromise agreement is drawn up and delivered based on knowledge absorptive capacity. Furthermore, based on our literature review, we can establish an analytical model that clarifies the action of the knowledge absorption process on the adoption of the compromise agreement by the knowledge broker. To review this process, we look at an embedded case study with two project groups in a social work training institution. For one of the two groups, the interviews that were conducted demonstrate, the major role of the knowledge broker as it develops towards a function of a broker of worlds. His action manages to generate a compromise agreement during the absorption process. The experience of the second group is dissimilar: the agreement figure produced is the arrangement that does not commit the compromise agreement. During the transition to the organisation, the empirical study highlights the fact that neither of the two groups succeeds in having the compromise agreement adopted in the training institute. The discussion of our results focuses on the levers that promote the adoption of a compromise agreement within a pluralist organisation to fulfil a public interest mission: (1) the major role of the broker of worlds ; (2) the functioning in a managed community of practice with common good; and (3) the reflexive dimension exercised inside the organisation
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Morón, Urbina Juan Carlos. "The agreement to settle the sanction procedure: the concerted administration regarding penalties". THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/109057.
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One of the most important transformations of contemporary Administrative Law Penalties is the one related to the openness to cooperation with private actors, considering that one of its expressions is the commitment to cease.In this academic paper, the author realizes a theoretical approach on the legal concept of concerted administration regarding penalties, and analyzes its regulation within sectoral rules. Finally, he offers some criticisms of the use of this concept by the public administration.Una de las transformaciones más importantes del Derecho Administrativo Sancionador contemporáneo es la relativa a la apertura a la concertación con los agentes privados, siendo una de sus expresiones el compromiso de cese. En el presente artículo, el autor realiza un acercamiento teórico a la figura de la administración concertada en el ámbito sancionador, y analiza su regulación en normas sectoriales. Finalmente, ensaya críticas sobre la utilización de esta figura por parte de la Administración Pública.
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Bianchini, Luiza Lourenço. "O contrato preliminar incompleto". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5694.
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Esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar o contrato preliminar, a partir das diversas funções que ele cumpre no processo de formação do negócio jurídico. Em especial, examina-se a figura do contrato preliminar que é menos completo do que o contrato definitivo, estabelecendo apenas os aspectos essenciais do negócio prometido e deixando em aberto outros pontos que devem ser preenchidos no intervalo entre os dois negócios. O contrato preliminar incompleto, como se lhe designa aqui, constitui uma etapa no processo de formação progressiva do contrato, atendendo a interesses dignos de tutela conforme o ordenamento jurídico. Para tanto, o trabalho está dividido em quatro capítulos, além da introdução e da conclusão. Na primeira parte, apresentam-se os principais interesses práticos que estão por trás da cisão do negócio em duas etapas (no contrato preliminar e no contrato definitivo). Vê-se que o contrato preliminar não é uma figura inútil, um desdobramento desnecessário do processo de formação do negócio. Na segunda parte, são delineados os contornos do contrato preliminar, mediante o exame de sua causa e de seu objeto, além das figuras que se lhe assemelham. Demonstra-se que, embora não se confunda com o negócio definitivo, o contrato preliminar já deve definir a causa do negócio prometido, que serve para identificá-lo. Na terceira parte, atenta-se para o chamado princípio da equiparação, que determina que, em regra, o contrato preliminar siga a mesma disciplina prevista para o negócio definitivo. Tal princípio deve ser, todavia, excepcionado, quando a própria cisão do processo de formação do negócio no preliminar e no definitivo serve para afastar alguma regra que valerá apenas para o segundo negócio. Nesse ponto, demonstra-se que o princípio da equiparação não se aplica integralmente no que se refere ao objeto do contrato definitivo, que não precisa estar previsto, exaustivamente, no contrato preliminar. Revela-se, aí, a admissibilidade da figura do contrato preliminar incompleto. Por fim, na última parte, examina-se a execução específica do preliminar, destacando-se, em particular, o cabimento desse remédio também para o chamado contrato preliminar incompleto, quando, então, caberá ao juiz integrá-lo mediante as regras de integração previstas no ordenamento jurídico.The objective of this dissertation is to analyze preliminary contracts in the light of the various functions they perform in the formation of a legal transaction. In particular, the paper examines preliminary contracts which are less complete than the definitive contracts they precede and which set out merely the essential aspects of the promised transaction, leaving other points to be decided upon in the interval between the two contracts. Such contracts, referred to in this paper as incomplete preliminary contracts, constitute a distinct stage in the process of progressive formation of the legal transaction and address interests which are capable, in our legal system, of giving rise to a claim for judicial relief. This study is divided into four chapters (in addition to the introduction and conclusion). The first part sets out the principal practical interests behind the splitting of a legal transaction into two distinct parts (the preliminary contract and the definitive contract) and demonstrates that the preliminary contract is by no means an unnecessary and useless offshoot of the formation of a legal transaction. The second part sets out an overview of preliminary contracts in terms of their raison dêtre and their objects and draws a parallel with other similar legal instruments. This part seeks to show that despite being distinct from the definitive contract, the preliminary contract defines the raison dêtre of the promised transaction (i.e. the reason for contracting) and thus serves to define (classify) the contract. In the third part, attention is drawn to the so-called principle of equivalence (principio de equiparação) according to which a preliminary contract must, as a general rule, comply with the same legal rules applicable to the definitive agreement. An exception needs to be made, however, when the actual separation of the process of formation of the legal transaction into preliminary and definitive stages leads to a given rule being applicable solely to the definitive contract. The author demonstrates that, in such cases, the principle of equivalence does not apply in full to the objects of the definitive contract and said objects do not therefore need to be the subject of exhaustive provision in the preliminary contract. This therefore reveals that an incomplete preliminary contract is legally permissible. Finally, in the closing part of the paper, the issue of specific performance of the preliminary contract is examined. Particular emphasis is given to the applicability of this legal remedy to incomplete preliminary agreements and to the powers vested in the judge to complete (i.e. fill in the gaps) in the preliminary contract, in accordance with the applicable rules as to integration of contracts
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Fagliari, Raphael Augusto. "Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos : histórico, cenário da gestão e os acordos setoriais no estado de São Paulo". Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/9153.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
The National Policy of Solid Waste (NPSW), instituted by the federal law nº 12.305/2010, establishes the guiding principles, legal instruments and objectives to order the actions and practices of waste management in Brazil. Among the proposed principles and instruments, the shared responsibility for the products life cycle and the reverse logistic are inducers of a new management model and a great challenge as well. To assist in its operationalization, the NPSW institutes the Sectoral Agreements (SA) and, in São Paulo State, the SA were established by the Commitment Terms of Reverse Logistics (CTRL). Seeking to bring this scenario to light, the current research proposes to present and analyze the implementation of CTRL in São Paulo State. For this, it is presented the historical of the 12.305/2010 law approval process and the waste management scenario post-NPSW. The data and information collection occurred through bibliographic and documentary review, and the CTRL case study was developed with an application of questionnaires and interviews. The State of São Paulo presents 10 signed CTRL, with 08 sectors participating in this research. Inconsistencies were identified regarding the definition of targets and the results obtained by the sectors, which adopted, in most, different metrics. The Secretariat for the Environment of São Paulo State played a fundamental role in stimulating and directing the terms, being the main responsible for establishing them juridically in a legal instrument, acting also in the definition of targets. The participation of different actors in the realization of shared responsibility is still deficient, with a greater accountability to manufacturers. The involvement of cooperatives and public authorities is not a reality yet, which have importance and role beyond the perception of CRTL subscribers. Most of the sectors use support tools (software and GIS) and affirm to have reached the established targets, having as the main difficulty the low interest and participation of the others chain members. It is concluded that the NPSW, despite the slow evolution, should stimulate new and necessary solid waste management practices in Brazil, having the sectoral agreements as a pillar for the reverse logistics and shared responsibility effectiveness.
A Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS), instituída pela Lei federal nº 12.305/2010, estabelece os princípios norteadores, instrumentos legais e objetivos para ordenar as ações e práticas de gestão de resíduos no Brasil. Dentre os princípios e instrumentos propostos, a responsabilidade compartilhada pelo ciclo de vida dos produtos e a logística reversa apresentam-se como indutores de um novo modelo de gestão, e também um grande desafio. Para auxiliar sua operacionalização, a PNRS institui os acordos setoriais (AS) e, no Estado de São Paulo, os AS foram estabelecidos por Termos de Compromisso de Logística Reversa (TCLR). Buscando trazer à luz esse cenário, a presente pesquisa se propõe a apresentar e analisar a implantação dos TCLR no Estado de São Paulo. Para tanto, é apresentado o histórico do processo de aprovação da Lei 12.305/2010 e o cenário da gestão de resíduos pós-PNRS. A coleta de dados e informações ocorreu por meio de revisão bibliográfica e documental, e o estudo de caso dos TCLR se desenvolveu com a aplicação de questionários e entrevistas. O Estado de São Paulo apresenta 10 TCLR firmados, sendo que 08 setores participaram desta pesquisa. Foram identificadas inconsistências referentes ao estabelecimento de metas e os resultados obtidos pelos setores, os quais adotam, em sua maioria, métricas diferentes. A Secretaria do Meio Ambiente teve papel fundamental no estimulo e condução dos termos, sendo o principal responsável por estabelecê-los juridicamente em um instrumento legal, além de atuar na definição de metas. A participação de diferentes atores na efetivação da responsabilidade compartilhada é deficiente, havendo maior responsabilização aos fabricantes. O envolvimento de cooperativas e do poder público ainda é insuficiente, os quais têm importância e papel que vão além daqueles percebidos pelos signatários de TCLR. A maioria dos setores faz uso de ferramentas de suporte (softwares e SIGs) e afirma ter alcançado as metas estabelecidas, tendo como principal dificuldade o baixo interesse e participação dos demais membros da cadeia. Conclui-se que a PNRS, apesar da lenta evolução, deve estimular novas e necessárias práticas de gestão de resíduos sólidos no Brasil, tendo os acordos setoriais como pilar para efetivação da logística reversa e responsabilidade compartilhada.
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Swanson, Colleen Marie. "Security in Key Agreement: Two-Party Certificateless Schemes". Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4156.
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The main goal of cryptography is to enable secure communication over a public channel; often a secret shared among the communicating parties is used to achieve this. The process by which these parties agree on such a shared secret is called key agreement. In this thesis, we focus on two-party key agreement protocols in the public-key setting and study the various methods used to establish and validate public keys. We pay particular attention to certificateless key agreement schemes and attempt to formalize a relevant notion of security. To that end, we give a possible extension of the existing extended Canetti-Krawzcyk security model applicable to the certificateless setting. We observe that none of the certificateless protocols we have seen in the literature are secure in this model; it is an open question whether such schemes exist. We analyze several published certificateless key agreement protocols, demonstrating the existence of key compromise impersonation attacks and even a man-in-the-middle attack in one case, contrary to the claims of the authors. We also briefly describe weaknesses exhibited by these protocols in the context of our suggested security model.
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Segueda, Saïdou. "La fabrique de l’évaluation à l’aune d’une perspective resocialisante : une négociation entre enseignants et étudiants au premier cycle universitaire". Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22586.
Pełny tekst źródłaKsiążki na temat "Compromise agreement"
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1947-, Hoffman David A., Doran Charles P, Manwaring Melissa M i Massachusetts Continuing Legal Education, Inc. (1982- ), red. Negotiation: Reaching agreement on your terms : better settlements or agreements for your client. [Boston, Mass.]: MCLE, 2006.
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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Veterans' Affairs. i United States. Congress. House. Committee on Veterans' Affairs., red. Explanatory materials on the compromise agreement on S. 999, the veterans' employment, training, and counseling amendments of 1987. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.
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Peters, Ralf. Shifting sands: Searching for a compromise in the WTO negotiations on agriculture. New York: United Nations, 2004.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Veterans' Affairs. i United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Veterans' Affairs., red. Explanatory materials on the compromise agreement on H.R. 5299, the "Veterans' Benefits Improvement and Health-Care Authorization Act of 1986": (Public Law 99-576; October 28, 1986). Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.
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Faiella, Chris. Personal injury settlement agreements line by line: A detailed look at personal injury settlement agreements and how to change them to meet your clients' needs. United States]: Aspatore, 2014.
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United States. Congress. Joint Committee on Taxation, red. Overview of present law relating to the innocent spouse, offers-in-compromise, installment agreement, and taxpayer advocate provisions of the Internal Revenue Code: Scheduled for a public hearing before the Senate Committee on Finance on April 5, 2001. [Washington, D.C: Joint Committee on Taxation, 2001.
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Luis Martínez Vázquez de Castro. La cláusula compromisoria en el arbitraje civil. Wyd. 2. Madrid, España: Civitas, 1991.
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B, Lillich Richard, Lillich Richard B i Bederman David J, red. International claims: Their settlement by lump sum agreements, 1975-1995. Ardsley, N.Y: Transnational Publishers, 1999.
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Japan at the Crossroads: Conflict and Compromise after Anpo. Harvard University Press, 2018.
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Britain, Great. Compromise Agreements (Description of Person) Order 2005. Stationery Office, The, 2005.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Compromise agreement"
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Strangio, Maurizio Adriano. "On the Resilience of Key Agreement Protocols to Key Compromise Impersonation". W Public Key Infrastructure, 233–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11774716_19.
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Nuñez, David, Isaac Agudo i Javier Lopez. "The Fallout of Key Compromise in a Proxy-Mediated Key Agreement Protocol". W Data and Applications Security and Privacy XXXI, 453–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61176-1_25.
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Auerbach, Benedikt, Miguel Cueto Noval, Guillermo Pascual-Perez i Krzysztof Pietrzak. "On the Cost of Post-compromise Security in Concurrent Continuous Group-Key Agreement". W Theory of Cryptography, 271–300. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48621-0_10.
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Woelk, Jens. "From Compromise To Process: The Implementation Of The South Tyrolean Autonomy". W Implementing Negotiated Agreements, 157–76. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-599-5_7.
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den Butter, Frank A. G., i Sjoerd A. ten Wolde. "The Institutional Economics of Stakeholder Consultation; How Experts Can Contribute to Reduce the Costs of Reaching Compromise Agreements". W Ethical Economy, 17–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08551-7_2.
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Garzilli, Francesca, Federica Vingelli i Valentina Vittiglio. "Shifting Risk into Productivity: Inclusive and Regenerative Approaches Within Compromised Contexts in Peri-Urban Areas". W Regenerative Territories, 51–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78536-9_3.
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AbstractRecent international—UN-Habitat and European Environment Agency—and Italian reports have pointed out that urbanization is incessantly expanding at the expense of biodiversity and of rural lands. The radical growth of land consumption and change of land-use contribute to the increase of territorial risks and vulnerability. In particular, such phenomena are more visible within the peri-urban interface, considered as hybrid and malleable areas straddling between city and countryside realities. Even in the absence of a univocal definition, peri-urban is understood as a space where urban expansion occurs. Moreover, it emerges that such space also lacks local governance. Such uncertainty of form, identity and regulation catches the attention of a new urban agenda, which considers the peri-urban the most suitable place where to enact social, ecological and economic challenging changes. In this light, this paper aims to underline how peri-urban areas, although ecologically, socially and weak from a legislation point of view, constitute challenging territories to enact regenerative design and practices. In particular, new policies in sustainable agriculture are considered as potential solutions for the rapid soil consumption in Europe. Therefore, Campania region has been taken as our case study, because the region has a long history of agricultural practices and currently, it is closely linked to risk dynamics. It also represents an emblematic example for its innate exposure to natural hazards (related to its geological nature and geographical location), and for the ongoing man-made risks as causes of ecological and territorial damages. Moreover, land consumption in the region reached a record level in 2019, with 10% of agricultural land lost in a year (corresponding to 140,033 hectares). More than 70% of the consumed lands coincided with areas already exposed to natural hazards, both seismic and hydrogeological (Munafò, 2020). This paper assesses the results of an experimental application developed as part of the REPAiR (This research has been conducted within the framework of the European Horizon 2020 funded research “REPAiR: REsource Management in Peri-urban AReas: Going Beyond Urban Metabolism” [http://h2020repair.eu/]. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 688920. This article reflects only the author’s view. The Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains). Horizon 2020 European research project. We argue that the project results underline the relationship between the peri-urban interface and the soil regeneration through eco-innovative solutions. This has allowed us to link the spatial condition of the peri-urban with the production of waste and its subsequent recycle. This paper aims to further explore the research field experimented during REPAiR, expanding the materials available on the peri-urban and adding information with respect to the risk to which these places are linked.
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Bernales Soriano, Roberto. "From the ‘1920s Compromise’ to the ‘2020s Compromise’". W The Oxford Handbook of International Tax Law, 21–44. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192897688.013.2.
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Abstract This chapter presents an overview of the establishment of the so-called 1920s compromise, its evolution, consolidation into an international tax system, its subsequent crisis, and its revision and partial replacement by the new 2020s compromise. It begins by describing the circumstances and historical precedents of the 1920s compromise and its corollary of the 1930s, the arm’s-length principle (ALP). The chapter then details how both were embedded and incorporated into an international tax system which entered into a long crisis from the 1990s. The 2008 financial crisis marked the need for a serious review of the whole system and the urgent need for a new compromise. The chapter highlights the milestones of the process to achieve a new compromise, its content, the last issues to resolve in order to achieve the final agreement, and the subsequent developments to implement the agreement. After a critical assessment, it compares the 1920s compromise with the new 2020s compromise and offers final conclusions.
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Hunter, Mark C. "A Naval Compromise, 1830-1842". W Policing the Seas, 105–32. Liverpool University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9780973893465.003.0005.
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This chapter concerns the Anglo-American efforts to reach an agreement regarding their colonial activities on the West African coast. It discusses Lord Palmerston’s foreign policy in relation to the slave trade; America’s economic interest in West Africa; escalating difficulties in Anglo-American diplomacy; the Webster-Ashburn treaty, Quintuple treaty, and the Tucker-Paine agreement. Rather than escalate confrontation over disagreements, both Britain and America used their navies to further their goals peacefully, proving sea power to be a useful mechanism in international diplomacy.
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Amerasinghe, C. F. "Release Agreement". W Case-Law of the World Bank Administrative Tribunal, 35–44. Oxford University PressOxford, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198265764.003.0004.
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Abstract General 31. The Tribunal, in previous cases, has accepted the validity of, and given effect to, agreements between the Bank and staff members for the release of claims on the ground that: It would unduly interfere with the constructive and efficient resolution of (a staff member’s claim of improper treatment) if the Bank would not negotiate—in exchange for concessions on its part--for a return promise from the staff member not to press his or her claim further. If such an agreed settlement were not binding upon the affected staff member, there would be little incentive for the Bank to enter into compromise arrangements, and there might instead be an inducement to be unyielding and to defend each claim through the process of administrative and judicial review. It is therefore in the interest not only of the Bank but also of the staff that effect should be given to such settlements. (Mr. Y, Decision No. 25 [1985], para. 26).
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"Consensus, compromise and “inclusive agreement”: Negotiating supranational governance". W Arguing Global Governance, 197–213. Routledge, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203842577-20.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenia konferencji na temat "Compromise agreement"
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Meng, Gao, i Zhang Futai. "Key-Compromise Impersonation Attacks on Some Certificateless Key Agreement Protocols and Two Improved Protocols". W 2009 First International Workshop on Education Technology and Computer Science. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/etcs.2009.276.
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Buttsworth, D. R., S. J. Elston i T. V. Jones. "Direct Full Surface Skin Friction Measurement Using Nematic Liquid Crystal Techniques". W ASME 1997 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-gt-397.
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New techniques for the direct measurement of skin friction using nematic liquid crystal layers are demonstrated. Skin friction measurements can be made using a molecular rotation time technique or an equilibrium orientation technique. A mathematical model describing the molecular dynamics of the nematic liquid crystal layer has been introduced. Theoretical results from the proposed mathematical model are in excellent agreement with the current experimental measurements. It is thus demonstrated that the present model captures the essential physics of the nematic liquid crystal measurement techniques. Estimates based on the variance of the liquid crystal calibration data indicate that skin friction measurements to within ± 4 % should certainly be possible. The techniques offer the considerable advantage of simplicity, without any compromise on the accuracy, relative to other surface shear stress measurement techniques. The full surface measurement capacity of the equilibrium orientation technique is demonstrated by measuring the skin friction distribution around a cylindrical obstruction in a fully developed laminar flow.
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Chen, Shuo, Ewa Andrejczuk, Athirai A. Irissappane i Jie Zhang. "ATSIS: Achieving the Ad hoc Teamwork by Sub-task Inference and Selection". W Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/25.
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In an ad hoc teamwork setting, the team needs to coordinate their activities to perform a task without prior agreement on how to achieve it. The ad hoc agent cannot communicate with its teammates but it can observe their behaviour and plan accordingly. To do so, the existing approaches rely on the teammates' behaviour models. However, the models may not be accurate, which can compromise teamwork. For this reason, we present Ad Hoc Teamwork by Sub-task Inference and Selection (ATSIS) algorithm that uses a sub-task inference without relying on teammates' models. First, the ad hoc agent observes its teammates to infer which sub-tasks they are handling. Based on that, it selects its own sub-task using a partially observable Markov decision process that handles the uncertainty of the sub-task inference. Last, the ad hoc agent uses the Monte Carlo tree search to find the set of actions to perform the sub-task. Our experiments show the benefits of ATSIS for robust teamwork.
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Balmaseda, Mikel, G. Jacquet-Richardet, A. Placzek i D. M. Tran. "Reduced Order Models for Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis With Application to a Fan Blade". W ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-90813.
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Abstract In the present work reduced order models (ROM) that are independent from the full order finite element models (FOM) considering geometrical non linearities are developed and applied to the dynamic study of a fan. The structure is considered to present nonlinear vibrations around the pre-stressed equilibrium induced by rotation enhancing the classical linearised approach. The reduced nonlinear forces are represented by a polynomial expansion obtained by the Stiffness Evaluation Procedure (STEP) and then corrected by means of a Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) that filters the full order nonlinear forces (StepC ROM). The Linear Normal Modes (LNM) and Craig-Bampton (C-B) type reduced basis are considered here. The latter are parametrised with respect to the rotating velocity. The periodic solutions obtained with the StepC ROM are in good agreement with the solutions of the FOM and are more accurate than the linearised ROM solutions and the STEP ROM. The proposed StepC ROM provides the best compromise between accuracy and time consumption of the ROM.
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Aotsuka, Mizuho, i Takeshi Murooka. "Numerical Analysis of Fan Transonic Stall Flutter". W ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-26703.
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This paper describes numerical investigation of fan transonic stall flutter, especially focused on flutter bite. A transonic stall flutter occurs in high loaded condition at part rotating speed. A region of the transonic stall flutter occasionally protrudes to an operating line at narrow rotational speed range. This protrusion of flutter boundary is called flutter bite. In that case, it is necessary to re-design the blade for securing sufficient operating range. The re-design process might require some compromise on performance and/or weight, and takes long time. So it is important to understand the mechanism of the flutter bite. Two types of fan blade, one has a flutter bite and another dose not, are numerically studied with a 3D Navier Stokes CFD code. Numerical results show agreement with rig test results for the fans in qualitative sense. Detailed flow fields reveal that a detached shock wave and separation due to the shock boundary layer interaction play significant role for the flutter stability.
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Liou, Tong-Miin, i Shih-Hui Chen. "Computation of Spatially Periodic Turbulent Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Channel With Various Rib Shapes". W ASME 1995 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/95-gt-023.
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Periodic fully developed turbulent fluid flow and heat transfer in a channel with four shapes, namely, triangular, semicircular, semielliptic, and square cross sections, of rib pairs periodically mounted on two opposite walls has been investigated computationally with a curvilinear nonorthogonal body-fitted coordinate system. The Reynolds number based on the channel hydraulic diameter and bulk mean velocity, the rib pitch-to-height ratio, and the rib height-to-channel hydraulic diameter ratio are 1.3×104, 10, and 0.08, respectively. The standard k-ε turbulence model together with the two-layer wall region treatment was applied to solve the accelerating, decelerating, separating, recirculating, reattaching and redeveloping flows. The predicted fluid flow and heat transfer results were tested by previous laser-Doppler and holographic interferometry data, and reasonable agreement was achieved. The two layer treatment shows a superiority to the conventional wall function in predicting near wall mean velocity and peak turbulent kinetic energy. Triangular-shaped rib is favorable for a compromise between the thermal performance and possible presence of hot spots.
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Pochanard, Pandhita, i Anil Saigal. "Prediction of Rice Husk Particulate-Filled Polymer Composite Properties Using a Representative Volume Element (RVE) Model". W ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-51145.
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In this study, a numerical representative volume element (RVE) model was used to predict the mechanical properties of a Rice Husk Particulate (RHP)-Epoxy composite for use as an alternative material in non-critical applications. Seven different analytical models Counto, Ishai-Cohen, Halpin-Tsai, Nielsen, Nicolais, Modified Nicolais and Pukanszky were used as comparison tools for the numerical model. The mechanical properties estimated for 0%, 10% and 30% RHP-Epoxy composites using the numerical and analytical models are in general agreement with each other. Using the analytical models, it was calculated that an increase in volume percentage of RHP to 30% led to continual reduction in elastic Young’s modulus and ultimate tensile strength of the composite. The numerical RVE models also predicted a similar trend between filler volume percentage and material properties. Overall, the results of this study suggest that RHP can be used to reduce the composite raw material costs by replacing the more expensive polymer content with agricultural waste products with limited compromise to the composite’s mechanical properties.
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Nagy, Attila. "THE NON-APPLICATION OF COMPETITION RULES IN POST-CONFLICT DEVELOPMENT". W International Jean Monnet Module Conference of EU and Comparative Competition Law Issues "Competition Law (in Pandemic Times): Challenges and Reforms. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18834.
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Competition has been claimed to be a very liberal economic tool where market players are meant to be free in arranging their technologies, production and sales on a particular market. In this paper we are developing a new hypothetical of the functioning of market economies which are in a global sense and considering new markets very different and specific. All the global powers, whose centre of influence might change in time, are trying to gain a bigger share regarding raw materials and potential markets. In post-conflicts societies and in particular in our case study of Kosovo and Serbia we can see the more clear market interests of all local, regional and global powers. The research of post-conflict societies is providing us with some answers regarding the possible future developments in certain societies and regions. The EU made Brussels Agreements in Kosovo has managed to establish new enterprises as a solution of a political compromise where energy, telecommunication and natural resources played a key role. The Washington Agreement has liberalized the infrastructure achievements but in some aspects limited the use of energy and telecommunication infrastructure from certain sources. In this sense we can observe the limited capacity of competition rules application in post-conflict societies and in particular Kosovo in this case. These agreements have therefore limited the influence of economic, strategic and energy related influence from main USA competitors which have not been named in the agreements, but are well known. In both agreements it is visible how economic activities and cooperation is encouraged with various non-economic incentives. Competition is accordingly more of a political will than an economic reality for some in post-conflict societies. The introduction of various companies into the Kosovo legal framework and their control by Serbia is an obvious tool how natural resources could be shared for a benefit of citizens where conflict is resolved using free market and competition rules.
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Escaler, Xavier, Montserrat Prieto, Marcos Quispe, Morten Kjeldsen i Oscar De La Torre. "Numerical Modelling of the Cooling System at ALBA Synchrotron Radiation Facility to Understand its Performance". W ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-66019.
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The ALBA Synchrotron Light Source in Barcelona (Spain) requires a reliable, stable and adequate cooling system for its optimal operation. The current design with four long and intricate consumption lines with a ring type piping layout (270 m perimeter) and a common return pipe is believed to compromise the operability and to promote the trapping of air pockets. In order to improve its performance, a better understanding of the thermo-fluid dynamic behaviour is required that permits to opmitize the system and to anticipate unexpected failures. For that, a detailed 1D model has been built with Flowmaster® software comprising all the components and the various regulation mechanisms to control fluid temperature and pressure. Preliminarily, the model has been validated in steady state operating conditions against experimental measurements showing good agreement. Then, a series of specific steady and transient numerical simulations have been carried out to determine the system response. In particular, the effects of blockage and leakage as well as the increase or decrease of heat duty have been analysed. Furthermore, the best flow distribution through the rings has also been found to reduce the air content by maximizing the velocities.
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Yueh, Hsiao-Chuan, i Jenq-Shiou Leu. "Virtual Grouping Byzantine Agreement: A compromised consensus scheme for a cooperative network". W 2011 7th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2011.5982821.
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Bull, Benedicte. A Social compromise for the Anthropocene? Elite reactions to the Escazú Agreement and the prospects for a Latin American transformative green state. Fundación Carolina, październik 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33960/issn-e.1885-9119.dtfo07en.
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The world is urgently facing the need for a “green transformation”, involving not only a transition towards the use renewable energy and reduction of biodiversity loss, but a deep social change towards social justice and sustainability. Such action requires social compromises between elites and popular sectors that allow the building of strong institutions to implement changes. Latin America is faced with huge tasks to increase equality, justice and sustainability, but it also plays a pivotal role in the global green transformation. The region is further characterized by both strong elites, strong socio-environmental movements and deep environmental conflicts making social compromises difficult. This Working Paper discusses elite reactions to the most advanced regional agreement on environmental regulation and conflict resolution, the Escazù Agreement. In many countries, elites opposed it vehemently referring to national sovereignty, but particularly rejecting the institutional implications of the agreement involving a stronger compromise to allow popular participation. This was opposed by economic elites in democratic countries (Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica and Peru) as well as governmental elites in authoritarian countries (El Salvador and Venezuela). However, in various cases, elite opposition was overcome after popular mobilization and dialogue. The paper discusses what we can learn from elite reactions to the Escazú Agreement of importance for future social compromises as a basis for the emergence for transformative states in Latin America.
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Flores, Bernardo M., Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Marco Ehrlich, Emilio Vilanova, Raquel Tupinambá, Marina Hirota i Michelle Kalamandeen. NINE WAYS TO AVOID THE AMAZON TIPPING POINT. Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN), grudzień 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55161/svvo2555.
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Global greenhouse gas emissions, combined with local deforestation and forest degradation, are pushing the Amazonian system closer to a tipping point. A large-scale Amazon tipping point may trigger the collapse of most forests and consequently: (1) accelerate global warming, hindering efforts to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement; (2) reduce moisture flow across South America, threatening water security for basic socioeconomic activities, such as agriculture; (3) increase temperatures across the Amazon region that may become unbearable for humans living in urban and rural areas; (4) cause mass species extinctions; and (5) compromise the biological and cultural assets that represent key solutions to the current and future challenges of humanity. Synergies between disturbances may cause unexpected tipping behaviour, even in forest regions previously considered as resilient to climate change, such as the central or western Amazon.
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Dechow, Chad Daniel, M. Cohen-Zinder, Morris Soller, Y. Tzfati, A. Shabtay, E. Lipkin, T. Ott i W. Liu. Genotypes and phenotypes of telomere length in Holstein cattle, actors or reporters. Israel: United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2020.8134156.bard.
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Selection programs aiming at improving health and survival in cattle are complicated by low heritability estimates, the fact that true herd life and carcass quality is not known until the end of an animal's life, and that many health conditions manifest late in life. Young animals are now heavily favored in breeding programs because low generation intervals accelerate the rate of genetic progress, which means selection decisions must be made before phenotypic observation of health and survival is feasible. Moreover, profitability is compromised when livestock producers raise animals that fail to produce due to health failure or that do not meet quality standards. Telomere length (TL) was hypothesized as a biomarker that could be recorded early in life, be associated with health and survival, and have higher heritability than other measures of health. Thus, our research aims were to: 1, determine associations of TL with health, wellbeing and production in Holsteins raised for dairy or beef purposes; 2, determine TL heritability, genetic variance, and genetic correlations with cow health and performance; and 3, map quantitative trait loci affecting TL and provide TL genomic predictions to industry partners and breeders. There were not significant changes made to the research plan during the project, but the timeline of the project was not met. Laboratory processing of samples was significantly delayed due to Covid along with some sample collection. TL measurements from >1100 animals across the US and Israel are available to date. TL declines modestly with age, in agreement with observations from other species. A genomic analysis was conducted using a single-step approach and TL had a moderate heritability estimate of 20% across age groups. The initial genome-wide association-analysis indicated that TL is a quantitative trait whose expression is influenced by effects across the genome. Moreover, there is a strong association of calf and dam TL at birth. Genetic relationships with health and survival were ascertained through correlations of genomic estimated breeding values (gEBV) for TL with gEBV for other traits routinely recording in national genetic evaluations. Higher TL is genetically associated with longer herd-life, a greater likelihood that cows will avoid premature on-farm death, and reduced disease incidence. The relationship appeared to be strongest when TL was measured during the first two years of life. Based on genotyping different cell types, there was evidence that maternal and colostral derived cells are present in newborns, which could bias TL measurements during the first weeks of life to a small degree. The implications of this research are that TL is a promising trait to include in multiple trait selection programs because it is heritable, available early in life, and correlated with longevity and health. Our TL reference population is currently being expanded, and genomic estimated breeding values will be disseminated to industry partners upon completion of the reference population so that they can evaluate the utility of incorporating TL into their breeding programs.