Artykuły w czasopismach: „Compost stability”

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Kristanto, Gabriel Andari, i Syifa Aulia Rahmah. "Assessment of Compost Maturity using The Static Respirometry Index". Reaktor 18, nr 04 (31.03.2019): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.18.04.194-201.

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To be used as organic fertilizer, compost must be stable and mature enough to ensure that it is safe for agricultural application. The stability and maturity of compost can be viewed from physical, chemical, and biological parameters. One of the biological parameters is the static respiration index (SRI). In many places, the SRI is applied as a representative indicator of the stability and maturity of compost but not in Indonesia compost standard of the SNI 19-7030-2004. This study aims to assess the index of the static respiration of composts and analyze their stability and maturity. The assessment was carried out on 10 compost samples sold in Jakarta and Depok. It is observed that 8 of 10 tested composts was stable and mature, with a static respiration index of 0.61–1.35 mg O2 g-1 VS h-1. One of the 10 composts was very stable and very mature, with a static respiration index of 0.46 mg O2 g-1 VS h-1 and 1 compost was unstable and immature, with an index of 1.79 mg O2 g-1 VS h-1. The results indicated that re-composted for seven days was adequate to make the compost more stable and mature than the initial state. Since maturity is not described by a single property, it is great assurance for the compost producer and end user in Indonesia that not only physical and chemical characteristics are used as indicator for compost stability and maturity but also biological indicator such as SRI. Keywords: compost; maturity; stability; static respiration index

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Hue, N. V., i J. Liu. "Predicting Compost Stability". Compost Science & Utilization 3, nr 2 (marzec 1995): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1065657x.1995.10701777.

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Scherer, H. W. "Influence of compost application on growth and phosphorus exploitation of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)". Plant, Soil and Environment 50, No. 12 (10.12.2011): 518–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4068-pse.

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Information on the availability of P following compost addition to soil may help to a better management of P fertilization of the crop in respect to plant growth and the environment. Therefore a greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of compost within the official classes of stability III and V on growth and P exploitation of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv. Turilo). The following result was obtained: As compared to a control without P application, compost application resulted in a significant yield increase. Application of composts of the official class of stability V resulted in higher yields as compared with the application of compost of the official class of stability III. P uptake of ryegrass was higher in the treatments in the class of stability V. Based on CAL-extractable compost P exploitation of P ranged between 8.5 and 104.0% in the first year of compost application and in total (sum of two years) 37.8 and 204.5%. P exploitation on the basis of total compost P ranged between 3.6 and 22.1%.

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Vannucchi, Francesca, Eleonora Peruzzi, Serena Doni, Davide Manzi, Lapo Azzini, Shamina Imran Pathan, Giacomo Pietramellara i in. "Biological Assessment of Green Waste and Dredged Sediment Co-Composting for Nursery Plant Cultivation". Applied Sciences 14, nr 13 (1.07.2024): 5767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14135767.

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Co-composting efficiently reclaims dredged sediments (S) and green waste (GW), creating stable products for agricultural applications. However, the use of S-GW co-composts can be limited by legislative thresholds, especially for co-composts with a high S percentage. The evaluation of S-GW co-compost stability by biological assessment can allow for a better understanding of S and GW recycling, as well as the S-GW co-compost application. For this purpose, the microbial biomass, composition, respiration, and eco-enzyme stoichiometry (EST) were assessed, coupled with chemical analysis, in the co-composting of S and GW in different ratios. The Photinia x fraseri and Viburnum tinus L. growth was monitored in a plant trial, comparing the studied co-composts with a control substrate. The EST approach was applied as an indicator of the co-composting stability during the process and after the plant cultivation. The chemical and biological parameters confirmed the suitability of co-composting in the GW and S recovery and the EST approach highlighted a better stability for the 3S:1GW co-compost at the end of the process and after plant cultivation. Viburnum tinus showed a similar growth to the control, while Photinia x fraseri resulted in being more sensitive to the co-compost. The biological assessments were good indicators of the S-GW compost stability for their application in crop cultivation.

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Nguyen, Binh Thanh, Quynh Thi Hoang, Syoko Oshiro i Kazuto Shima. "Evaluation of sewage sludge compost quality through maturity index and biomass yield of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.)". Science and Technology Development Journal 18, nr 2 (30.06.2015): 52–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v18i2.1059.

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Sewage sludge as raw material and Composts was collected from composting plant “Chugoku Yuki” in Okayama prefecture, Japan to evaluate Compost quality at 8, and 50 days in process. Compost quality was assessed by analyzing of chemical properties: pH, total carbon, total nitrogen, C/N ratio, available nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and P fractions. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of four Compost application rates (1, 2, 4 and 6 tons ha-1) on biomass yields and nitrogen – phosphorus uptake efficiency by Italian Ryegrass. Control treatments included without and with chemical fertilizers supplying equal amounts of N + P2O5. The results showed that Compost reached to degrees of stability and maturity after 50 days of composting. Composts contain high levels of nitrogen and phosphorus, heavy metals contents meet the acceptable standards. Total biomass yields significantly increased with increasing application rates following Mitscherlich’s asymptote regression model, by which the maximum yields were estimated to decrease in following order: Compost 50 days > Chemical fertilizer > Compost 8 days. Nitrogen uptake efficiency by ryegrass were similar between two above Composts, while those of Phosphorus was higher at Compost 50 days.

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Hoitink, Harry A. J., Alex G. Stone, David Y. Han, Weidzheng Zhang i Warren A. Dick. "Biological Control of Plant Diseases with Composts". HortScience 31, nr 4 (sierpień 1996): 698b—698. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.698b.

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Compost offers the potential to suppress root rots and vascular wilts caused by soilborne plant pathogens, as well as plant diseases affecting aerial plant parts. Many factors affect the degree of control obtained. They include the decomposition level (stability) of the compost, the types of microorganisms colonizing the organic matter after peak heating of the compost, plant nutrients released by the compost (fertility), its salinity, loading rates, and other factors. Biocontrol agents in composts induce suppression through various mechanisms, including competition, antibiosis, hyperparasitism, and the induction of systemic resistance in the plant (roots as well as foliage) to pathogens. Examples of each of the effects are reviewed.

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Aslam, Danielle N., i Jean S. VanderGheynst. "Predicting Phytotoxicity of Compost-Amended Soil from Compost Stability Measurements". Environmental Engineering Science 25, nr 1 (styczeń 2008): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ees.2006.0284.

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McKinley, James W., Rebecca E. Parzen i Álvaro Mercado Guzmán. "Impact of climate and bulking materials on characteristics of compost from ecological toilets". Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 2, nr 2 (1.06.2012): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2012.059.

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Urine-diversion dehydration toilets (UDDT) are common throughout the developing world, and the toilet product is widely used as compost. There is no comprehensive research to date that characterizes the compost to determine its quality, extent of pathogen inactivation, and the effects of climate and bulking materials on the compost. Compost was collected from 45 UDDT in Bolivia and analyzed for physical, chemical, and biological parameters. Eighty percent and 56% of samples did not meet acceptable compost guidelines for moisture content and pH, respectively, indicating desiccation was the dominant process in UDDT. Bulking materials significantly impacted compost characteristics in terms of pH, carbon, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, and carbon stability (P < 0.05). Composts with ash exhibited, on average, low carbon concentrations (4.9%) and high pH values (9.7), which can be harmful to plants and composting microorganisms. Composts with sawdust exhibited, on average, high carbon concentrations (40.0%) and carbon-to-nitrogen ratios (31.0). Climate had no significant impact on chemical characteristics, however composts from humid regions had significantly higher moisture contents (34.4%) than those from arid climates (24.8%) (P < 0.05). Viable Ascaris lumbricoides ova were identified in 31% of samples, including samples with high pH, low moisture contents, and long storage times.

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Sousa, Edilara Leandro de, Karolina Flôres da Silva, Ricardo Moraes Shipitoski, Bárbara Olinda Nardis, Jodean Alves da Silva, Lourismar Martins Araújo, Luciano Rodrigo Lanssanova i Fabrício Ribeiro Andrade. "Growing lettuce seedlings in different organic composts used as substrate". Comunicata Scientiae 15 (30.07.2024): e4062. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/cs.v15.4062.

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Lettuce is the most important vegetable in the world and the most consumed in Brazil. Seedling production with a good quality substrate is very important in the lettuce crop production process. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of organic compost substrates in the production of lettuce seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, using polyethylene trays containing 128 trapezoidal cells in a completely randomized design with a 5 × 2 factorial scheme consisting of 5 substrates (commercial substrate; compost I; compost II; compost III; compost IV) and P2O5 supplementation (absent and 0.525 kg m−3 P2O5) and 4 replications. Substrates were produced by composting agro-industrial waste: sawdust, wood shavings and residues from a restaurant, pig litter, cattle manure, residues from the shoot and tubers of sweet potato, soybean residue, and drained bovine ruminal residue. The emergence, plant height, number of leaves, fresh root and shoot biomass, and clod stability of the substrate were evaluated. The substrate formulated from pig litter, cattle manure, and sweet potato (compost II) and pig litter and drained bovine ruminal residue (compost IV) formed seedlings with a greater clod stability of the substrate, plant height, number of leaves, and fresh root and shoot biomass. Substrates based on composting pig litter, cattle manure, and sweet potato (composts II) and pig litter and drained bovine ruminal residue (compost IV) were most suitable for producing lettuce seedlings.

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Marouani, Emna, Naïma Kolsi Benzina, Noura Ziadi, Besma Bouslimi, Amani Abouda i Ahmed Koubaa. "Deinking sludge compost stability and maturity assessment using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis". Waste Management & Research 37, nr 10 (8.08.2019): 1043–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x19864638.

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Thermal composting is an important and useful way to transfer raw organic matter into value-added product rich in humic substances. Furthermore, thermal composting is a very promising way to reduce deinking paper sludge pollutions, which are difficult to remove. The objective of this study was to investigate the behaviour of the composting process of deinking paper sludge with poultry manure over 14 months. Two composts were used: C1 (70/30: deinking paper sludge/poultry manure) and C2 (50/50: deinking paper sludge/poultry manure). The compost stability and maturity were assessed via physico–chemical and thermal analyses: thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy analysis provided chemical information for the presence of aromatic, phenolic, aliphatic and polysaccharidic structures. Thermogravimetry analyses revealed that both deinking paper sludge composts were rich in humic acids. The ratio E4/E6 (fulvic acids/humic acids) was also carried out to characterise the maturity index of composts. After 14 months, the compost C2 is more stable, mature and rich in humic acids than compost C1. Furthermore, the addition of poultry manure to the deinking paper sludge-based composts enhanced the formation of humic substances. From 0 to 14 months of composting, the concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls decreased from 0.2 to 0.1 mg kg−1 and from 0.6 to 0.2 mg kg−1 for C1 and C2, respectively.

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Okhumata, Dania Stephen. "COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF MINERAL FERTILIZER, COMPOST AND COMPOST – MINERAL FERTILIZER ON BIOLOGICAL, CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL". Journal of Wastes and Biomass Management 4, nr 2 (2022): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/jwbm.02.2022.73.77.

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The rapid decline of organic matter in the tropics makes it necessary to incorporate compost or compost – mineral fertilizer into the soil to improve the soil organic matter content and fertility. The experiment to investigate the effects of mineral and organic base fertilizer on soil organic matter, nutrient content, aggregate stability and the fungi isolates was conducted in Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria. Experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block Design with five treatments replicated thrice. The treatments were; control, Urea, NPK 15 15 15, Compost and Compost – mineral fertilizer. Compost and compost – mineral fertilizer rates was 10 and 4 tonnes / hectares (t ha-1) respectively. Maize was used as test crop. The soil at the experimental site was low in nutrients however, the application of compost and compost – mineral fertilizer significantly (p < 0.05) improved the organic matter content, soil nutrient status and aggregate stability compared to mineral fertilizer. The fungi isolates was higher in compost and compost – mineral fertilizer. The application of compost and compost – mineral fertilizer increased the soil pH to near neutral and reduces acidity. The application of compost – mineral fertilizer had multiple benefits in improving organic matter content, the chemical and physical and biological properties of the soil. In conclusion, compost – mineral fertilizer had significant improvement on the soil nutrients and aggregate stability compared to other treatments, therefore compost – mineral fertilizer can be effective in the sustainability of the soil fertility.

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Nguyen, Thanh Dam, Canh Viet Nguyen, Thi Vi Phung, Manh Huy Nguyen, Thi Thao Ta, Hong Anh Duong, Jean-Luc Vasel i Pham Hung Viet. "Design, development and evaluation of novel equipment for compost stability tests". Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 62, nr 1 (23.02.2024): 112–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/19223.

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Compost stability is a significant quality indicator that needs to be determined before using compost as an organic fertiliser. In this work, a novel device for assessing compost stability based on the oxygen consumption (OC) method was successfully developed. The design of this prototype was created to effectively solve inherent limitations observed in commercially available equipment functioning on the same concept (Oxitop devices). The performance of the device was evaluated in the laboratory to determine the OC of two different types of compost samples (food waste and green compost). The data indicated that the device worked stably and accurately during the test. Between the two types of samples, the compost based on food waste had higher AT4 and OCmax values but with lower K values. According to the EU regulations, both types of samples were considered stable.

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Helgason, Bobbi L., Francis J. Larney i H. Henry Janzen. "Estimating carbon retention in soils amended with composted beef cattle manure". Canadian Journal of Soil Science 85, nr 1 (1.02.2005): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s04-049.

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Composted cattle manure is often used as a soil amendment to replenish nutrient pools and to supply a source of stable C. Compost composition affects the availability of nutrients and the stability of C following the addition of compost to soil. We investigated C mineralization in a loamy sand and a loam soil amended with nine composts, two fresh manures and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) hay at a target rate of 10 mg total C g-1 soil. Soils were incubated at 25°C for 168 d. There was a significant interaction between amendment and soil type on C mineralization but generally, the effect of soil texture on amendment decomposition was small. The composts were very dissimilar in composition and resulted in substantial differences in the amount of C retained in the soils (2-39% C added evolved as CO2). Total C evolved during the incubation period could be predicted from the NH4-N content and the NH4-N/NO3-N ratio of the composted manures (R2 = 0.91–0.93). Estimation of the C retained in soils amended with compost as a function of simple chemical properties of the compost provides an important tool for evaluating the effectiveness of compost as a soil amendment, helping to calculate net retention of C. Key words: Compost, mineralization, soil carbon, amendment

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Phooi, Chooi Lin, Elisa Azura Azman i Roslan Ismail. "Enzymatic Activities of Bok Choy (Brassica rapa subsp. Chinensis) Grown Soil with the Amendment of Sandwich Compost". International Journal of Agronomy 2022 (12.09.2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7311957.

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Soil enzymes ensure our food security, yet they are vulnerable to abiotic stresses. Solving the global issues of food waste by amending the Sandwich compost can be a great solution to ensure food security. Food waste Sandwich compost substrate (as soil amendment) and leachate (as seed priming solution and liquid fertilizer) were used to grow Bok Choy for 4 growing cycles, where soil pH, cation exchangeable capacity, moisture content, aggregate stability, and enzyme activity were determined. The Sandwich compost substrate amendment increased soil pH close to neutral and CEC up to 1.5-fold. Anaerobic Sandwich compost substrate-amended soil reduced soil catalase activity. Still, it steadily increased during the growing cycle. The Sandwich compost substrate amendment soil sustained the aggregate stability for 4 growing cycles. On the flip side, aggregate stability without the Sandwich compost substrate amended soil declined from the growing cycle to the next growing cycle. All variables were positively correlated except catalase activity. Henceforward, Sandwich compost substrate is recommended to improve soil quality in the aspects of pH, CEC urease activity, and dehydrogenase activity.

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Nguyen, Thanh Dam, Canh Viet Nguyen, Thi Vi Phung, Thi Thao Ta, Hong Anh Duong, Jean-Luc Vasel i Hung Viet Pham. "Study on development of a device for assessment compost stability based on the determination of oxygen consumption using pressure measurement". Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam 63, nr 11 (24.11.2021): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31276/vjst.63(11db).70-74.

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Organic fertilizer or compost is an essential product in the current trend of high-tech agricultural development. Compost stability is not only an important quality parameter but can also be used to monitor the efficiency of the composting process. This study developed a device to evaluate the stability of compost based on the oxygen consumption method using the principle of pressure measurement. This homemade device has improved design, overcoming existing weaknesses in commercial equipment with the same operating principle. In which, the compost sample is put in the containers placed in the middle of the bottle while the produced CO2 is absorbed by the KOH solution at the bottom. The device is capable of working independently with the data recorded on the microSD card without connecting to a computer. The device is operationally tested in the laboratory to assess the oxygen consumption of two actual compost samples. The results showed that these samples both meet the EU’s regulations on compost stability with oxygen consumption in 4 days (AT4) less than 10.0 mg O2/g compost.

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Hoitink, H. A. J., i A. G. Stone. "Factors Affecting Suppressiveness of Composts to Plant Diseases". HortScience 30, nr 4 (lipiec 1995): 749F—749. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.749f.

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Many factors affect the potential for composts to provide biological control of diseases caused by soilborne plant pathogens. Heat exposure during composting kills or inactivates pathogens and weed seeds if the process is monitored properly. Unfortunately, most beneficial microorganisms also are killed by this heat treatment. Conditions must be provided after peak heating that enhance natural recolonization of composts by biocontrol agents. The raw feedstock, the environment in which the compost is produced, as well as conditions during curing and utilization, determine the potential for recolonization by this microflora and the induction of disease suppression. Controlled inoculation of compost with biocontrol agents has proved necessary to induce consistent levels of suppression on a commercial scale. Compost stability is another important factor. Immature composts serve as food for pathogens and increase disease even when biocontrol agents are present. On the other hand, excessively stabilized organic amendments, such as highly decomposed peats, do not support the activity of biocontrol agents and disease therefore develops. Finally, salinity, C to N ratio, and other factors affect suppressiveness. Each of these factors will be discussed.

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Hoitink, H. A. J., i A. G. Stone. "Factors Affecting Suppressiveness of Composts to Plant Diseases". HortScience 30, nr 4 (lipiec 1995): 749F—749. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.749.

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Many factors affect the potential for composts to provide biological control of diseases caused by soilborne plant pathogens. Heat exposure during composting kills or inactivates pathogens and weed seeds if the process is monitored properly. Unfortunately, most beneficial microorganisms also are killed by this heat treatment. Conditions must be provided after peak heating that enhance natural recolonization of composts by biocontrol agents. The raw feedstock, the environment in which the compost is produced, as well as conditions during curing and utilization, determine the potential for recolonization by this microflora and the induction of disease suppression. Controlled inoculation of compost with biocontrol agents has proved necessary to induce consistent levels of suppression on a commercial scale. Compost stability is another important factor. Immature composts serve as food for pathogens and increase disease even when biocontrol agents are present. On the other hand, excessively stabilized organic amendments, such as highly decomposed peats, do not support the activity of biocontrol agents and disease therefore develops. Finally, salinity, C to N ratio, and other factors affect suppressiveness. Each of these factors will be discussed.

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Hunyadi, Gergely, Györgyi Bíró i János Tamás. "Applicability of reflectance to determine compost maturity". Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, nr 46 (16.05.2012): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/46/2403.

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The utilisation of composts depends on their maturity and stability. A great part of the determination methods can be set in laboratory and needs complicated sample preparation. The aim of this paper was introduce an effective and fast method which based on the different reflectance of the different organic compounds.During our research we examined the degradation process of compost prisms based on sewage sludge, wood-clipping and straw with temperature and reflectance measurements.As a result, we came to the conclusion that the reflectance, measured at 645 nm or higher, is applicable to determine compost maturity if it is used with temperature measurements.

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Ujj, Apolka, Kinga Percsi, Andras Beres, Laszlo Aleksza, Fernanda Ramos Diaz, Csaba Gyuricza i Csaba Fogarassy. "Analysis of Quality of Backyard Compost and Its Potential Utilization as a Circular Bio-Waste Source". Applied Sciences 11, nr 10 (12.05.2021): 4392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11104392.

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The use and quality analysis of household compost have become very important issues in recent years due to the increasing interest in local food production and safe, self-produced food. The phenomenon was further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic quarantine period, which gave new impetus to the growth of small home gardens. However, the knowledge associated with making high-quality compost is often lacking in home gardeners. Therefore, the objective of this research was to find answers to the following questions: can the quality of backyard compost be considered safe in terms of toxicity and nutrient content? Can weed seed dispersion affect the usability of backyard compost? In general, can the circulation of organic matter be increased with the spread of home composting? In this study, 16 different house composts were analysed for stability, weed seed contamination, toxic elements, and nutrient content using analysis of variance. The results of the research showed that the quality properties of the composts (including their weed seed dispersion effect) were greatly influenced by the different techniques and raw materials used. The toxicity levels, as well as the content of macro and microelements, were within the parameters of safe-quality compost. The specific macronutrient (Ca, Mg) and micronutrient (Fe, Mn) contents of the tested composts have a similar and, in some cases, more favorable nutrient supply capacity in crop production than the frequently-used cow manure-based composts. With a plan of basic education on composting, there is potential to encourage farmyard composting.

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Aubertin, Marie-Liesse, Cyril Girardin, Sabine Houot, Cécile Nobile, David Houben, Sarah Bena, Yann Le Brech i Cornelia Rumpel. "Biochar-Compost Interactions as Affected by Weathering: Effects on Biological Stability and Plant Growth". Agronomy 11, nr 2 (13.02.2021): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020336.

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Biochar addition to compost is of growing interest as soil amendment. However, little is known about the evolution of material properties of biochar-compost mixtures and their effect on plants after exposure to physical weathering. This study aimed to investigate the physico-chemical characteristics of fresh and weathered biochar-compost mixtures, their biological stability and their effect on ryegrass growth. To this end, we used the contrasting stable isotope signatures of biochar and compost to follow their behavior in biochar-compost mixtures subjected to artificial weathering during 1-year of incubation. We assessed their impact on ryegrass growth during a 4-week greenhouse pot experiment. Weathering treatment resulted in strong leaching of labile compounds. However, biochar-compost interactions led to reduced mass loss and fixed carbon retention during weathering of mixtures. Moreover, weathering increased carbon mineralization of biochar-compost mixtures, probably due to the protection of labile compounds from compost within biochar structure, as well as leaching of labile biochar compounds inhibiting microbial activity. After soil application, weathered mixtures could have positive effects on biomass production. We conclude that biochar-compost interactions on soil microbial activity and plant growth are evolving after physical weathering depending on biochar production conditions.

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Saraiva, Talyta Carine da Silva, Sabrina Hermelindo Ventura, Eudemio Sousa Brito Junior, Sandra Mara Barbosa Rocha, Romario Martins Costa, Arthur Prudencio de Araujo Pereira, Ricardo Silva De Sousa, Jay Prakash Verma, Paul J. Van den Brink i Ademir Sergio Ferreira Araujo. "Temporal Stability of Soil Microbial Properties in Responses to Long-Term Application of Compost Obtained from Tannery Sludge". Sustainability 14, nr 24 (14.12.2022): 16736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416736.

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Successive applications of compost obtained from tannery sludge affected the soil microbial biomass and activity. However, the effect of this practice on the temporal stability of soil microbial properties is not known. This study evaluated the temporal stability of microbial biomass, respiration, and enzymes activities in soil with successive applications of compost obtained from tannery sludge. Soil samples (0–10 cm depth) were collected from sites with successive application of compost at the lowest (2.5 ton/ha) and highest (20 ton/ha) rates, including the control (0 ton/ha). Soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN), respiration, dehydrogenase, and urease activities were evaluated at 0, 30-, 60-, 90-, and 150-days post-application. The soil microbial properties varied as per treatments and sampling time. The principal response curve showed higher variation of soil microbial properties in the treatment having highest rate of compost. This analysis showed dehydrogenase, urease, and MBC as the most responsive parameters. The temporal stability of soil microbial parameters showed highest values at the lowest rate of compost. This study showed that the successive application of compost contributed to a decrease in variation and increase in temporal stability of soil microbial properties at the lowest rate.

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Avnimelech, Yoram, Moshe Bruner, Itai Ezrony, Roy Sela i Malka Kochba. "Stability Indexes For Municipal Solid Waste Compost". Compost Science & Utilization 4, nr 2 (marzec 1996): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1065657x.1996.10701825.

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Mashaqbeh, Othman Al, i Robert G. McLaughlan. "Hydraulics stability of compost-based filtration media". International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management 10, nr 1 (2009): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijetm.2009.021577.

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Puyuelo, Belén, Joseba S. Arizmendiarrieta, Ignacio Irigoyen i Ramón Plana. "Quality assessment of composts officially registered as organic fertilisers in Spain". Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 17, nr 1 (15.04.2019): e1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2019171-13853.

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Composting of organic wastes is a management strategy linked to circular economy models through the transformation of these wastes into an organic product, compost, which can be used as fertiliser, soil amendment or growing media. However, the concept of ‘compost quality’ is not enough defined to take a technical decision about which is its best use or application. In the last decade, different guidelines and regulations about organic fertilisers have been developed. For instance, in Spain the Fertilisers Regulation categorises compost under five kinds according to the raw materials used - organic amendment compost (OaC), manure compost (MaC), green compost (GrC), vermicompost (VC), ‘alperujo’ compost (AlC) -, and under three quality levels (A, B or C) depending exclusively on the heavy metals content. This work analyses the national database of all composts (307) marketed in Spain, considering the analytical parameters declared, with the objective of proposing a methodology to define a global quality index. For this assessment, two indicators are employed: a fertility indicator, related to the nutrients content, and a clean indicator, related to the heavy metals content. Results show an average compost formulation 2.5:2.5:2.5 (N:P2O5:K2O). MaC and OaC present the highest fertility indicator, whereas VC the lowest. Regarding the clean indicator, GrC, MaC and VC are cleaner than OaC. In the future, this new quality assessment should be completed by including other indicators related to physical and biological characteristic (e.g. porosity, stability/maturity, phytotoxicity) that could determine the most proper use of compost.

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Pecorini, Isabella, Eleonora Peruzzi, Elena Albini, Serena Doni, Cristina Macci, Grazia Masciandaro i Renato Iannelli. "Evaluation of MSW Compost and Digestate Mixtures for a Circular Economy Application". Sustainability 12, nr 7 (10.04.2020): 3042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12073042.

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In order to obtain a product with agronomic characteristics and biological stability consistent with the EU fertilizer decree for the market of EU fertilising products three different mixtures obtained from sludge digestate from municipal wastewater treatment plant, fresh compost and mature compost have been studied and characterized. For the experimental activity, the raw samples and three mixing ones were collected for the analytical characterization. The biological stability was then assessed for all samples using different stability criteria such as Specific Oxygen Uptake Rate, Rottegrad self-heating factor, Residual biogas potential. Specific enzymatic tests provided information about the status of nutrient cycles (C, P and S) and to overall microbial activity. Physical (bulk density, particle density, air capacity and water content), nutritional (C, N, P, K, Mg, and Ca) and toxicological properties (seedling growth tests on Lepidum sativum L., Cucumis sativus L., Lolium perenne L.) were also evaluated in order to assess the feasibility of agronomic use of the digestate-based mixtures. All the digestate-based mixtures responded to the main characteristics of compost quality requirements proposed in national and international regulations. The evidence found in this study highlighted that the strategy of mixing of sludge digestates with the composts allowed to mitigate the environmental risk posed by each starting material and to valorize their nutrient content.

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Hasan, K. M. M., G. Sarkar, M. Alamgir, Q. H. Bari i G. Haedrich. "Study on the quality and stability of compost through a Demo Compost Plant". Waste Management 32, nr 11 (listopad 2012): 2046–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2012.05.039.

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Royer, Ana Caroline, Tomás de Figueiredo, Felícia Fonseca, Marcos Lado i Zulimar Hernández. "Short-Term Effects of Olive-Pomace-Based Conditioners on Soil Aggregation Stability". Agronomy 14, nr 1 (19.12.2023): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14010005.

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Mediterranean agriculture asks for sustainable strategies to prevent actual soil organic matter decline rates. Composting agri-food by-products for application in farmland, besides contributing to a circular economy at regional or local scales, may improve soil resistance to physical degradation. Aggregate stability (AS) is a crucial property for building up such resistance. Olive pomace is an abundant by-product of the olive oil industry that may be valorized through composting. This study aimed to assess the influence on AS of olive-pomace-based composts (OPC) applied to a sandy loam Leptosol and a clay loam Fluvisol. To assess the effects of compost characteristics on AS, three OPCs resulting from different olive pomace proportions in the composting raw material (44, 31, and 25% by volume) were applied to aggregate samples in three doses (10, 20, and 40 t.ha−1, plus control) with fine and coarse grain sizes. Controlled laboratory conditions subjected samples to daily wetting-drying cycles during a 30-day experiment. AS was measured by wet sieving. OPC application significantly increased AS in the Leptosol amended with fine (+15% vs. control) and coarse (+19%) grain-size compost. In well-aggregated Fluvisol, amendment induced a significant increase in AS only in the compost coarse grain size (+12%). The application dose significantly affected AS, with 10 t.ha−1 being the best-performing dose. OPC applications in weakly aggregated soils are seemingly an encouraging soil management practice for improving soil resistance to physical degradation and reducing soil organic matter decline rates in Mediterranean farmland.

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Novotná, Jaroslava, i Barbora Badalíková. "The Soil Structure Changes under Varying Compost Dosage". Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo) 64, nr 4 (1.12.2018): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/agri-2018-0015.

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Abstract The influence of different application of grape marc compost on the soil structure and the water stability of soil aggregate were studied in the course of four-year experiment. The trial was carried out in a Velké Bílovice vineyard in the Czech Republic. The altitude of the locality is about 200 m above sea level, the long-term average annual precipitation is 550 mm, the long-term average annual temperature is 9.5°C. The soil is Haplic Chernozem, loamy textured. Three variants were established: Variant 1 - control, no compost, Variant 2-30 t of compost per ha, Variant 3-60 t of compost per ha. The compost from pomace, poultry droppings, mown grass and straw was made in an EWA aerobic fermentor in an intensive and controlled process in an enclosed space and shallow ploughed (0-0.15 m) into the soil every year after harvest. The results of the experiment were statistically processed by multifactorial analysis of variance and then by Tukey’s test of simple contrasts. The highest values of structural coefficient and water stability of soil aggregate were found in the variant with the highest dosage of compost. It was found that the application of grape pomace compost to the soil had a positive effect both on the soil structure and the water stability of soil aggregates.

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Wiskandar, Wiskandar, i Ajidirman Ajidirman. "Effect of biochar and Tithonia compost on physical properties of post-coal mining soil". Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management 11, nr 3 (1.04.2024): 5829–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2024.113.5929.

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Biochar and Tithonia compost are alternative materials used to ameliorate soil properties. The application of these two types of ameliorants in ex-coal mining areas aims to improve the physical properties of the soil and its effect on soybean growth and yield. The research was designed in the form of a polybag experiment conducted in a greenhouse. The soil used for this research was taken from the surface layer of ex-coal mining pits. The treatment levels tested consisted of three biochars and four Tithonia composts. Each treatment level was 0, 5, and 10 t biochar ha-1 and 0, 5, 10, and 15 t Tithonia compost ha-1. The research units were arranged in a completely randomized design. The results showed that applying 10 t biochar ha-1 and 15 t Tithonia compost ha-1 decreased soil bulk density, increased total pore space, aggregate stability, and soil water content capacity, and improved soybean growth and yield. The soil physical properties and soybean improvement were not significantly different from those due to the application of 5 t Tithonia compost ha-1.

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Oueld Lhaj, Majda, Rachid Moussadek, Latifa Mouhir, Meriem Mdarhri Alaoui, Hatim Sanad, Oumaima Iben Halima i Abdelmjid Zouahri. "Assessing the Evolution of Stability and Maturity in Co-Composting Sheep Manure with Green Waste Using Physico-Chemical and Biological Properties and Statistical Analyses: A Case Study of Botanique Garden in Rabat, Morocco". Agronomy 14, nr 7 (19.07.2024): 1573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14071573.

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Organic waste utilization stands as a pivotal approach to ecological and economic sustainability. This study aimed to assess the stability, maturity, and evolution of co-composts comprising various blends of green waste (GW) and sheep manure (SM). Employing a diverse array of physico-chemical and biological parameters, we investigated the co-composting process over 120 days. Three types of garden waste (mixture of green waste (MGW), fallen leaves (FL), and grass cutting (GC)) were utilized. The results revealed significant compost transformation, evident by odor and insect absence and a shift to dark brown coloration, indicating maturation. The compost C2, derived from FL, exhibited superior soil amendment potential. Significantly, it exhibited a pH level of 6.80, an EC of 2.45 mS/cm, and an OM content of 55%, along with a C/N ratio of 16.15. Analysis of the macronutrients revealed values of 1.98% for TN, 3.22% for TP, and 0.61% for K. Crucially, the compost showed no phytotoxic effects and boasted a high GI of 94.20% and a low respiration rate of 4.02 mg/50 g, indicating its stability and appropriateness for agricultural application. Our findings underscore compost’s potential as an eco-friendly soil amendment, offering valuable insights for sustainable agricultural management and supporting the circular economy.

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Wichuk, Kristine M., i Daryl McCartney. "Compost stability and maturity evaluation — a literature review". Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science 8, nr 5 (listopad 2013): 601–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jees.2013.0063.

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Iannotti, D. A., T. Pang, B. L. Toth, D. L. Elwell, H. M. Keener i H. A. J. Hoitink. "A Quantitative Respirometric Method for Monitoring Compost Stability". Compost Science & Utilization 1, nr 3 (czerwiec 1993): 52–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1065657x.1993.10757890.

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Paletski, William T., i James C. Young. "Stability Measurement of Biosolids Compost by Aerobic Respirometry". Compost Science & Utilization 3, nr 2 (marzec 1995): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1065657x.1995.10701778.

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Li, H. F., T. Imai, M. Ukita, M. Sekine i T. Higuchi. "Compost Stability Assessment Using a Secondary Metabolite: Geosmin". Environmental Technology 25, nr 11 (listopad 2004): 1305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593332508618374.

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Lasaridi, Katia E., i Ed I. Stentiford. "A simple respirometric technique for assessing compost stability". Water Research 32, nr 12 (grudzień 1998): 3717–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1354(98)00143-2.

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Khan, Mohammad Ashik Iqbal, Kihachi Ueno, Sakae Horimoto, Fuminori Komai, Takashi Someya, Koichi Inoue, Kinji Tanaka i Yoshitaka Ono. "CIELAB color variables as indicators of compost stability". Waste Management 29, nr 12 (grudzień 2009): 2969–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2009.06.021.

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Wu, L., i L. Q. Ma. "Relationship between Compost Stability and Extractable Organic Carbon". Journal of Environmental Quality 31, nr 4 (lipiec 2002): 1323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2002.1323.

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Reinikainen, O., i M. Herranen. "DIFFERENT METHODS FOR MEASURING COMPOST STABILITY AND MATURITY". Acta Horticulturae, nr 549 (marzec 2001): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2001.549.10.

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Villalba, Luisa, Jorge Paolini i Carlos Rocha. "Some biological parameters in the evaluation of the stability and maturity of two compost". Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad del Zulia 38, nr 1 (17.12.2020): 06–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v38.n1.01.

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Composting represents an alternative for the use of organic waste by transforming it into an organic amendment that improves the structure and fertility of soils. As it is a microbiological process, the objective was to analyze some biological parameters in the evaluation of the stability and maturity of two compost. Two compost was made with waste generated at the Simón Bolívar University one obtained from organic waste generated in the dining room and the other from plant remains from the pruning of the gardens. The parameters evaluated were temperature and microbial count, expressed as colony-forming units per gram of compost for yeast, and for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria (in turn classifying the bacteria by the Gram staining method), as well as the germination index determined by the phytotoxicity test. The results obtained allowed us to conclude that: the temperature of the compost pile is a good indicator of the evolution of the composting process, as it is closely associated with biological activity indicating the stages of the process, in the compost analyzed, the counting of microorganisms allowed to evaluate them as stable, the bacterial classification by Gram staining, represented a good indicator of the successions that occur in the composting process and was useful to help the classification of the bacteria present; the phytotoxicity test corroborated the degree of maturity and stability of the studied compost.

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Józefowska, Agnieszka, Karolina Woźnica, Justyna Sokołowska, Agata Sochan, Tomasz Zaleski, Magdalena Ryżak i Andrzej Bieganowski. "Stability of Aggregates Made by Earthworms in Soils with Organic Additives". Agronomy 11, nr 3 (25.02.2021): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030421.

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Earthworm activity is a key factor in creating soil aggregates, but introduced organic matter and abiotic factors are also equally important. The purpose of this study was to investigate the stability of aggregates made by earthworms in soils with organic additives. Additionally, the two aggregate stability measurement methods were compared: (i) the wet-sieve method and (ii) the laser diffraction method. A six-month container experiment containing sixteen treatments and controls were made. Each treatment included one of four types of soil texture: sand, loam, silty loam and clay, and one of four additives: straw, peat, compost and compost with added microorganisms. To each treatment, six earthworms were added, two each of species commonly occurring in Polish soils: Dendrodrilus rubidus, Aporrectodea caliginosa and A. rosea. This study confirmed that earthworm activity was the factor favoring aggregate formation. In terms of the investigated organic additives, the efficiency of aggregate creation was as follows: compost with active bacteria, compost, peat and straw. Nevertheless, earthworms alone, without the addition of an organic additive, did not form permanent aggregates. The wet sieving and laser diffractometry methods of measuring aggregate stability were comparable for silty, clayey and loamy soils.

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Jakusné Sári, Sz, i E. Forró. "Relationships between humification and productivity in peat-based and peat-free growing media". Horticultural Science 35, No. 2 (24.06.2008): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/638-hortsci.

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Peat-based and peat-free (compost) materials were tested in a vegetable forcing experiment with Danubia green pepper (<I>Capsicum annuum</I> L.). Stability and quality of humic substances and the turnover of different nitrogen forms was determined in the studied media during the vegetation period. The main objective was to find how the degree of humification might influence the productivity of a crop under greenhouse conditions. The highest humus stability and humus stability coefficient values were detected in the green waste compost. Among different peat media, the low-moor peat was more humificated than the mixture of low-moor and high-moor peat. When the medium is more humificated it has a larger mobile nitrogen reserve. However, the structure stability decreases with the increasing humification. The mixture of two types of peat had the most favourable effect on nitrogen supply and the yield of pepper was the highest when grown on this medium. The nitrogen supplying ability of the examined compost was excellent but its structure stability deteriorated during the growing season.

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Zubkova, Tatyana V., i Dmitry V. Vinogradov. "Influence of spent mushroom compost on crop productivity". RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries 18, nr 1 (30.03.2023): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2023-18-1-20-30.

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As development of mushroom industry in Russia is growing, and the amount of spent mushroom composts is increasing, they are actively used as organomineral fertilizers for agricultural crops. Therefore, from the rather large problem of storing waste composts, these fertilizers began to be in great demand in the agricultural industry. Organic fertilizers are characterized by a high percentage of nutrients. They are able to improve physical properties of soil by increasing aggregative stability and reducing soil density. Organic fertilizers improve biological and biochemical properties of soil, and positively affect the development of soil microbial community. In the experiments, the content of nutrients in fresh compost and compost after one year of storage averaged: ash content - 8.0 and 74.1 %; organic matter - 66.3 and 25.9 %; NPK (%) - 0.50, 0.63, 0.44 and 0.45, 0.51, 0.39, respectively, under a favorable soil acidity (pH 8.0-7.3). In studies carried out on dark grey forest soils of the Ryazan region, the maximum productivity of agricultural crops was noted in variants with application of half-ripened compost: the yield of spring wheat was 2.82 t/ha (+ 0.23 t/ha compared to the control); spring barley - 3.21 t/ha (+0.17); spring rapeseed - 1.77 t/ha (+0.24); potato cv. Vympel - 27.91 (+ 4.41); potato cv. Kolobok - 11.21 t/ha (+1.63); pea - 2.10 t/ha (+0.21). The high efficiency of spent mushroom composts as fertilizers for increasing yields of spring barley and wheat, spring rapeseed, potatoes and peas was confirmed.

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Karnchanawong, Somjai, Yaravee Najarut i Teerapong Sawangpanyangkura. "Effect of Adding Biomass Fly Ash to Co-Composting of Tree Pruning Waste and Cow Dung". Advanced Materials Research 931-932 (maj 2014): 635–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.931-932.635.

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The objective of this study was to determine the effect of adding biomass fly ash to co-composting of tree pruning waste and cow dung. Shredded tree pruning waste and cow dung were used as compost mix. Biomass fly ash was added to achieve the following proportions: 0% (control), 4%, 8% and 12% (wt/wt). The mixtures, turned once a week, were composted in 120-L perforated polyethylene bins for 150 days. The temperature in the middle of the waste layer in each bin was recorded daily, and averaged 32.1-33.3°C. Compost was taken randomly from each bin once a week during turning and its characteristics analysed. The pH of the compost mixes gradually increased from 6.96-8.41 to 8.51-8.95. The EC of the compost mixes increased from 0.69-0.88 dS/cm to 0.97-1.21 dS/cm. The C/N ratio of the compost mixes decreased continuously from around 30 to stability at 12.96-14.04. The volatile solids of the compost mixes decreased continuously from 79.8-87.8% to stability at 55.4-68.5%. The initial NH3-N and NO3-N in the compost mixes were 9.1-11.5 and 1.75-3.03 mg/kg, respectively. The NH3-N contents decreased to 5.41-7.31 mg/kg, while the NO3-N increased to 6.45-7.84 mg/kg. We investigated more than half of the organic portion of each compost mix. Adding fly ash up to 12% (wt/wt) did not affect the composting process or resulting compost, and there was no indication that its high pH increased ammonia volatilization during composting.

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Impraim, Robert, Anthony Weatherley, Trevor Coates, Deli Chen i Helen Suter. "Lignite Improved the Quality of Composted Manure and Mitigated Emissions of Ammonia and Greenhouse Gases during Forced Aeration Composting". Sustainability 12, nr 24 (16.12.2020): 10528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410528.

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Lignite amendment of livestock manure is considered a viable ammonia (NH3) emission mitigation technique. However, its impact on the subsequent composting of the manure has not been well studied. This work compared changes in biochemical parameters (e.g., organic matter loss and nitrogen (N) transformation) and also the emissions of NH3 and greenhouse gases (GHGs) between lignite-amended and unamended cattle manure during forced aeration composting. Amending manure with lignite did not alter the time to compost stability despite delaying the onset of the thermophilic temperatures. Lignite treatments retained N in the manure by suppressing NH3 loss by 35–54%, resulting in lignite-amended manure composts having 10–19% more total N than the unamended compost. Relative to manure only, lignites reduced GHG emissions over the composting period: nitrous oxide (N2O) (58–72%), carbon dioxide (CO2) (12–23%) and methane (CH4) (52–59%). Low levels of CH4 and N2O emissions were observed and this was attributed to the continuous forced aeration system used in the composting. Lignite addition also improved the germination index of the final compost: 90–113% compared to 71% for manure only. These findings suggest that lignite amendment of manure has the potential to improve the quality of the final compost whilst mitigating the environmental release of NH3 and GHGs.

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Ulfah, Nizar, Mieke Rochimi Setiawati i Rina Devnita. "EFFECT OF SEVERAL TYPES AND DOSES OF COMPOST FROM CELLULOLYTIC MICROBIAL DEGRADATION ON AGGREGATE STABILITY OF ULTISOLS SOIL". International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Bioresearch 08, nr 01 (2023): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35410/ijaeb.2023.5810.

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Ultisolss are one of the marginal soil types that dominate drylands in Indonesia. The main problem of Ultisolss is poor nutrient conditions and low physical properties. The productivity of this soil is low because it has low soil aggregate stability and also has poor biological and physical properties. Research on superior cellulotic microbes in termite nests used as a starter for the decomposition of agricultural waste and changes in the physical properties of Ultisols soil needs to be carried out to determine the effect of applying the type and dose of compost resulting from the degradation of cellulotic microbes to improve the physical properties of Ultisols soil. This experiment was conducted from July 2019 to September 2021 at Ciparanje Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Univesitas Padjadjaran. The method used was experiment with Randomized Block Design consisting of 9 treatments and repeated 3 times, namely straw compost 5 tons/ha, 10 tons/ha, 15 tons/ha; sugarcane bagasse compost 5 tons/ha, 10 tons/ha, 15 tons/ha; oil palm empty fruit bunch compost 5 tons/ha, 10 tons/ha, 15 tons/ha. Based on the research of compost degradation results by cellulotic microbes, rice straw compost 15 tons/ha can provide the best aggregate stability results.

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Wilson, S. B., P. J. Stoffella i D. A. Graetz. "Evaluation of Compost as an Amendment to Commercial Mixes used for Container-grown Golden Shrimp Plant Production". HortTechnology 11, nr 1 (styczeń 2001): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.11.1.31.

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Growth of golden shrimp plant (Pachystachys lutea Nees.) transplants was evaluated in media containing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% compost derived from biosolids and yard trimmings. A commercial coir- or peat-based media was amended with compost. As compost composition in the peat or coir-based media increased from 0% to 100%, carbon/nitrogen ratios decreased; and media stability, nitrogen mobilization, pH, and electrical conductivity increased. Bulk density, particle density, air-filled porosity, container capacity, and total porosity increased as more compost was added to either peat- or coir-based media. Plants grown in media with high volumes of compost (75% or 100%) had less leaf area and lower shoot and root dry weight compared to the controls (no compost). Regardless of percentage of compost composition in either peat or coir-based media, all plants were considered marketable after 8 weeks.

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Prasad, Munoo, i Percy Foster. "Comprehensive Evaluation and Development of Irish Compost and Digestate Standards for Heavy Metals, Stability and Phytotoxicity". Environments 10, nr 10 (26.09.2023): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments10100166.

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Recent EU circular economy, bioeconomy policies and the New Green Deal promote the recycling of organic wastes into soil improvers and fertilisers, thereby reducing the use of mineral fertilisers. This has renewed interest in the use of compost and digestate as fertilisers. At the same time, the Russian invasion of Ukraine has strengthened the demand for sustainable domestic fertilisers to guarantee the security of supply. It is now more important than ever that quality standards in Ireland are fit for the purpose of aiding the sustainable local production of fertilisers. Quality standards for compost and digestate ensure and protect the environment. This study collated the results of the analysis of Irish compost and digestate samples and made comparisons of the Irish data to databases, reports and standards from other countries, including the EU Fertiliser Products Regulation 2019/1009. This paper, therefore, provides comprehensive information on heavy metal, stability and phytotoxicity standards from a number of European and other countries. In addition, it includes actual data on these parameters from Ireland and a few European countries. From this collation and comparison process, we propose to update the heavy metals and stability limits in the Irish compost standard (IS 441) and heavy metals and stability limits in a new digestate standard (whole, liquid and fibre). Our methodology and collated data can be used as templates for countries, especially in Europe, which have not developed their own standards. Having an updated compost quality standard supports the development of a circular economy while still respecting the precautionary principle of avoiding pollution when compost and digestate are used on the soil.

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Vehniwal, Sanjamveer S., Raphael Ofoe i Lord Abbey. "Concentration, Temperature and Storage duration Influence Chemical Stability of Compost Tea". Sustainable Agriculture Research 9, nr 3 (17.06.2020): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v9n3p87.

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Chemical stability is one of the key quality control criterion for complex degradable materials with an active microbial community like compost tea, but largely understudied. A laboratory study was performed to assess the chemical stability of varying concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 50 and 100%) of municipal solid waste (MSW) compost tea stored at different temperatures (4°, 10°, 22° and 35°C) and storage time (0, 13, 26 39 and 52 days). A 2-dimension principal component biplot confirmed close relationship amongst total dissolved solids (TDS), electric conductivity (EC) and salinity while pH was less related and turbidity was isolated. TDS in the MSW compost tea did not change at a storage temperature of 4oC or 10oC but was significantly (P<0.05) increased by 4.3% when the storage temperature was raised to 35oC. Also, TDS increased sharply from 93.25 mg/L on day 1 to 111.31 mg/L on day 26 after which it remained unchanged. EC increased by approximately 8% only when the MSW compost tea was stored at 35oC. The EC on the other hand increased by 19.4% from 131.28 µS/cm on day 1 when it peaked on day 26 and plateaued off to day 52. The change in pH was small and ranged from 7.44 to 7.67. Concentration had the strongest association with TDS, EC, salinity and turbidity and did not vary with storage time nor temperature. A multilinear regression (Y = αD + βC + γT + k) showed significant (P<0.05) coefficients for all the independent variables except the coefficients for temperature in the turbidity, salinity and pH regression models. In conclusion, the chemical stability of the MSW compost tea was dependent on the storage temperature and storage duration. Chemical stability was reached after 26 days of storage while cold storage at 4oC or 10oC reduced chemical alteration.

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Lasaridi, K. E., i E. I. Stentiford. "BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS FOR COMPOST STABILITY ASSESSMENT AND PROCESS EVALUATION". Acta Horticulturae, nr 469 (lipiec 1998): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1998.469.11.

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de Gannes, Vidya, Gaius Eudoxie i William J. Hickey. "Feedstock Carbon Influence on Compost Biochemical Stability and Maturity". Compost Science & Utilization 26, nr 1 (9.11.2017): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1065657x.2017.1362675.

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