Artykuły w czasopismach: „Composite Polymer Electrolytes”

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He, Binlang, Shenglin Kang, Xuetong Zhao, Jiexin Zhang, Xilin Wang, Yang Yang, Lijun Yang i Ruijin Liao. "Cold Sintering of Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12/PEO Composite Solid Electrolytes". Molecules 27, nr 19 (10.10.2022): 6756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196756.

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Ceramic/polymer composite solid electrolytes integrate the high ionic conductivity of in ceramics and the flexibility of organic polymers. In practice, ceramic/polymer composite solid electrolytes are generally made into thin films rather than sintered into bulk due to processing temperature limitations. In this work, Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO)/polyethylene-oxide (PEO) electrolyte containing bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) as the lithium salt was successfully fabricated into bulk pellets via the cold sintering process (CSP). Using CSP, above 80% dense composite electrolyte pellets were obtained, and a high Li-ion conductivity of 2.4 × 10−4 S cm–1 was achieved at room temperature. This work focuses on the conductivity contributions and microstructural development within the CSP process of composite solid electrolytes. Cold sintering provides an approach for bridging the gap in processing temperatures of ceramics and polymers, thereby enabling high-performance composites for electrochemical systems.

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Wang, Bo. "Polymer-Mineral Composite Solid Electrolytes". MRS Advances 4, nr 49 (2019): 2659–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2019.317.

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ABSTRACTPolymer-mineral composite solid electrolytes have been prepared by hot pressing using lithium ion-exchanged bentonite (LIEB) and mineral derived LATSP (Li1.2Al0.1Ti1.9Si0.1P2.9O12) NASICON materials as solid electrolyte fillers in the polyethylene oxide (PEO) polymer containing LiTFSI salt. The mineral based solid electrolyte fillers not only increase ionic conductivity but also improve thermal stability. The highest ionic conductivities in the PEO-LIEB and PEO-LATSP composites were found to be 9.4×10-5 and 3.1×10-4 S·cm-1 at 40°C, respectively. The flexible, thermal stable and mechanical sturdy polymer-mineral composite solid electrolyte films can be used in the all-solid-state batteries.

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Ambika, C., G. Hirankumar, S. Thanikaikarasan, K. K. Lee, E. Valenzuela i P. J. Sebastian. "Influence of TiO2 as Filler on the Discharge Characteristics of a Proton Battery". Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 18, nr 4 (20.11.2015): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v18i4.351.

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Different concentrations of TiO2 dispersed nano-composite proton conducting polymer electrolyte membranes were prepared using solution casting technique. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic analysis was carried out to determine the vibrational investigations about the prepared membranes. Variation of conductivity due to the incorporation of TiO2 in polymer blend electrolyte was analyzed using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and the value of maximum conductivity is 2.8×10-5 Scm-1 for 1mol% of TiO2 dispersed in polymer electrolytes. Wagner polarization technique has been used to determine the value of charge transport number of the composite polymer electrolytes. The electrochemical stability window of the nano-composite polymer electrolyte was analyzed using Linear Sweep Voltammetry. Fabrication of Proton battery is carried out with configuration of Zn+ZnSO4.7H2O+AC ǁ Polymer electrolyte ǁ MnO2+AC. Discharge characteristics were investigated for polymer blend electrolytes and 1mol% TiO2 dispersed nano-composite polymer electrolytes at constant current drain of 10μA. There is evidence of enhanced performance for proton battery which was constructed using 1mol% TiO2 dispersed nano-composite polymer electrolytes compared to the blend polymer electrolytes.

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Hoang Huy, Vo Pham, Seongjoon So i Jaehyun Hur. "Inorganic Fillers in Composite Gel Polymer Electrolytes for High-Performance Lithium and Non-Lithium Polymer Batteries". Nanomaterials 11, nr 3 (1.03.2021): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11030614.

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Among the various types of polymer electrolytes, gel polymer electrolytes have been considered as promising electrolytes for high-performance lithium and non-lithium batteries. The introduction of inorganic fillers into the polymer-salt system of gel polymer electrolytes has emerged as an effective strategy to achieve high ionic conductivity and excellent interfacial contact with the electrode. In this review, the detailed roles of inorganic fillers in composite gel polymer electrolytes are presented based on their physical and electrochemical properties in lithium and non-lithium polymer batteries. First, we summarize the historical developments of gel polymer electrolytes. Then, a list of detailed fillers applied in gel polymer electrolytes is presented. Possible mechanisms of conductivity enhancement by the addition of inorganic fillers are discussed for each inorganic filler. Subsequently, inorganic filler/polymer composite electrolytes studied for use in various battery systems, including Li-, Na-, Mg-, and Zn-ion batteries, are discussed. Finally, the future perspectives and requirements of the current composite gel polymer electrolyte technologies are highlighted.

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K.P.Radha, K. P. Radha, i S. Selvasekarapandian S. Selvasekarapandian. "Characterisation of PVA: NH4F: ZRO2 Composite Polymer Electrolytes". International Journal of Scientific Research 1, nr 5 (1.06.2012): 118–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/oct2012/43.

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Somsongkul, Voranuch, Surassawatee Jamikorn, Atchana Wongchaisuwat, San H. Thang i Marisa Arunchaiya. "Efficiency and Stability Enhancement of Quasi-Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on PEO Composite Polymer Blend Electrolytes". Advanced Materials Research 1131 (grudzień 2015): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1131.186.

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The composite polymer electrolyte consisting of poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO), KI, I2 and TiO2 was blended with low molecular weight poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) and (PEG-MA)-Ru. The SEM images of these blended PEO electrolytes showed better dispersion of materials and the electrochemical impedance spectroscopic study showed an increase in conductivity compared to that of composite PEO electrolyte. These results were consistent with enhanced efficiency of DSSCs using these blended PEO electrolytes. The energy conversion efficiencies of DSSCs using composite PEO-PEG, PEO-(PEG-MA)-Ru and PEO-PEG-(PEG-MA)-Ru polymer blend electrolytes were 5.47, 5.05 and 5.28, respectively compared to 4.99 of DSSC using composite PEO electrolyte. The long-term storage of unsealed DSSCs at room temperature for 93 days demonstrated that the cell efficiency gradually decreased to 0.49-1.88%. DSSCs assembled with composite polymer blend electrolyte showed a slower decrease than that of DSSC using composite PEO electrolyte. It was found that the composite PEO-PEG-(PEG-MA)-Ru polymer blend electrolyte of 1.0:0.1:0.1 weight ratio gave the best improvement in stability of DSSCs.

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Sahore, Ritu, Beth L. Armstrong, Changhao Liu i Xi Chen. "A Three-Dimensionally Interconnected Composite Polymer Electrolyte for Solid-State Batteries". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, nr 4 (9.10.2022): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-024378mtgabs.

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High energy density of solid-state batteries requires a thin solid electrolyte separator layer (<30 μm), that can sustain high currents and is easily processable. Polymer-ceramic composite electrolytes can potentially fulfill these requirements by combining the advantages of each type. Ceramic electrolytes have high room-temperature ionic conductivity, transference number of one, and mechanical strength to suppress lithium dendrites, whereas polymer electrolytes are easily processable and can form conformable interfaces with the electrodes. High interfacial-impedance between polymer and ceramic electrolytes make the composites with dispersed ceramic particles less attractive.1 A composite electrolyte architecture where a three-dimensionally interconnected porous ceramic is filled with polymer electrolyte, previously reported by our group, can avoid the interfacial impedance issue, although for thin composite membranes, the interfacial impedance between ceramic framework and excess polymer layer on top/bottom surface will still dominate the overall impedance.2 Here we will present fabrication and electrochemical evaluation of ~150 μm thick composite electrolytes with the above-described 3D-interconnected ceramic architecture. The 3-D framework is obtained by partially sintering Ohara ceramic particle tapes obtained via tape casting, which are filled with curable polymer electrolyte precursors. To obtain a thin (5 μm), uniform polymer electrolyte layer on both surfaces, spray coating was employed. The resulting composite membrane exhibited good dendritic resistance in symmetric cell cycling, improved transference number compared to the polymer electrolytes. We also found significantly improved flexibility of the composite electrolytes with plasticization, however, at the cost of reduction in ionic conductivity due to damage to the ceramic network caused by plasticizer-induced swelling of the cross-linked polymer electrolyte. This research was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy for the Vehicle Technologies Office’s Advanced Battery Materials Research Program (Tien Duong, Program Manager). This abstract has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy (DOE). The US government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the US government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for US government purposes. DOE will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan). References Chen, X. C.; Liu, X.; Samuthira Pandian, A.; Lou, K.; Delnick, F. M.; Dudney, N. J., Determining and Minimizing Resistance for Ion Transport at the Polymer/Ceramic Electrolyte Interface. ACS Energy Letters 2019, 4 (5), 1080-1085. Palmer, M. J.; Kalnaus, S.; Dixit, M. B.; Westover, A. S.; Hatzell, K. B.; Dudney, N. J.; Chen, X. C., A three-dimensional interconnected polymer/ceramic composite as a thin film solid electrolyte. Energy Storage Materials 2020, 26, 242-249.

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Capuano, F., F. Croce i B. Scrosati. "Composite Polymer Electrolytes". Journal of The Electrochemical Society 138, nr 7 (1.07.1991): 1918–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2085900.

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Mallikarjun, A., i J. Siva Kumar. "Thermal and Optical Properties of NiO nano doped in PVDF-HFP: Mg(ClO4)2 Nano Composite Solid Polymer Electrolytes". Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 39, nr 3 (30.06.2023): 755–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/390327.

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NiO doped nano composite solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) composed of PVDF-HFP (poly (vinylidene Fluoride hexafluoropropylene)): Mg(ClO4)2 with different weight concentration of NiO nanofillers synthesized by solution cast technique. NiO incorporated nano composite polymer electrolytes are characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy to find direct and indirect band gaps. The thermal stability and structural changes of the nano composite polymer electrolytes is studied by DSC and noticed that PSN12 sample having optimum change. The changes in band gap values maybe due to greater number of Ni and Mg atoms from NiO and Mg(ClO4)2 salt are coordinating by donating electrons to F atom of the PVDF-HFP polymer. From the optical absorption measurements, the found values direct and indirect band gap was low, and these values are 3.8252 eV and 1.6885 eV respectively for the polymer electrolyte sample PSN12 where weight ratio of NiO is12% nanofiller incorporated PVDF-HFP: Mg(ClO4)2 polymer electrolyte.

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Katcharava, Zviadi, Anja Marinow, Rajesh Bhandary i Wolfgang H. Binder. "3D Printable Composite Polymer Electrolytes: Influence of SiO2 Nanoparticles on 3D-Printability". Nanomaterials 12, nr 11 (29.05.2022): 1859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12111859.

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We here demonstrate the preparation of composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) for Li-ion batteries, applicable for 3D printing process via fused deposition modeling. The prepared composites consist of modified poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) and SiO2-based nanofillers. PEG was successfully end group modified yielding telechelic PEG containing either ureidopyrimidone (UPy) or barbiturate moieties, capable to form supramolecular networks via hydrogen bonds, thus introducing self-healing to the electrolyte system. Silica nanoparticles (NPs) were used as a filler for further adjustment of mechanical properties of the electrolyte to enable 3D-printability. The surface functionalization of the NPs with either ionic liquid (IL) or hydrophobic alkyl chains is expected to lead to an improved dispersion of the NPs within the polymer matrix. Composites with different content of NPs (5%, 10%, 15%) and LiTFSI salt (EO/Li+ = 5, 10, 20) were analyzed via rheology for a better understanding of 3D printability, and via Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS) for checking their ionic conductivity. The composite electrolyte PEG 1500 UPy2/LiTFSI (EO:Li 5:1) mixed with 15% NP-IL was successfully 3D printed, revealing its suitability for application as printable composite electrolytes.

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Vijayakumar, G., S. N. Karthick i A. Subramania. "A New Class of P(VdF-HFP)-CeO2-LiClO4-Based Composite Microporous Membrane Electrolytes for Li-Ion Batteries". International Journal of Electrochemistry 2011 (2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/926383.

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Composite microporous membranes based on Poly (vinylidene fluoride–co-hexafluoro propylene) P(VdF-co-HFP)-CeO2were prepared by phase inversion and preferential polymer dissolution process. It was then immersed in 1M LiClO4-EC/DMC (v/v=1:1) electrolyte solution to obtain their corresponding composite microporous membrane electrolytes. For comparison, composite membrane electrolytes were also prepared by conventional phase inversion method. The surface morphology of composite membranes obtained by both methods was examined by FE-SEM analysis, and their thermal behaviour was investigated by DSC analysis. It was observed that the preferential polymer dissolution composite membrane electrolytes (PDCMEs) had better properties, such as higher porosity, electrolyte uptake (216 wt%), ionic conductivity (3.84 mS⋅cm−1) and good electrochemical stability (4.9 V), than the phase inversion composite membrane electrolytes (PICMEs). As a result, a cell fabricated with PDCME in between mesocarbon microbead (MCMB) anode and LiCoO2cathode had better cycling performance than a cell fabricated with PICME.

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Hallinan, Daniel T., Irune Villaluenga i Nitash P. Balsara. "Polymer and composite electrolytes". MRS Bulletin 43, nr 10 (październik 2018): 759–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2018.212.

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Kumar, Binod, i Lawrence G. Scanlon. "Polymer-ceramic composite electrolytes". Journal of Power Sources 52, nr 2 (grudzień 1994): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7753(94)02147-3.

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Cheng, Jun, Hongqiang Zhang, Deping Li, Yuanyuan Li, Zhen Zeng, Fengjun Ji, Youri Wei i in. "Agglomeration-Free and Air-Inert Garnet for Upgrading PEO/Garnet Composite Solid State Electrolyte". Batteries 8, nr 10 (23.09.2022): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries8100141.

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Due to the intrinsically high ionic conductivity and good interfacial stability towards lithium, garnet-type solid electrolytes are usually introduced into polymer electrolytes as fillers to prepare polymer/garnet composite electrolytes, which can improve the ionic conductivity and enhance the mechanical strength to suppress Li dendrites. However, the surface Li2CO3 and/or LiOH passive layers which form when garnet is exposed to the air greatly reduce the enhancement effect of garnet on the composite electrolyte. Furthermore, compared with micro-size particles, nano-size garnet fillers exhibit a better effect on enhancing the performance of composite solid electrolytes. Nevertheless, inferior organic/inorganic interphase compatibility and high specific surface energy of nanofillers inevitably cause agglomeration, which severely hinders the effect of nanoparticles for promoting composite solid electrolytes. Herein, a cost-effective amphipathic 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane coupling agent is introduced to modify garnet fillers, which effectively expands the air stability of garnet and greatly improves the dispersion of garnet fillers in the polymer matrix. The well-dispersed garnet filler/polymer interface is intimate through the bridging effect of the silane coupling agent, resulting in boosted ionic conductivity (0.72 × 10−4 S/cm at room temperature) of the composite electrolyte, enhanced stability against lithium dendrites (critical current density > 0.5 mA/cm2), and prolonged cycling life of LFP/Li full cells.

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Ranque, Pierre, Jakub Zagórski, Grazia Accardo, Ander Orue Mendizabal, Juan Miguel López del Amo, Nicola Boaretto, Maria Martinez-Ibañez i in. "Enhancing the Performance of Ceramic-Rich Polymer Composite Electrolytes Using Polymer Grafted LLZO". Inorganics 10, nr 6 (13.06.2022): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics10060081.

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Solid-state batteries are the holy grail for the next generation of automotive batteries. The development of solid-state batteries requires efficient electrolytes to improve the performance of the cells in terms of ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability, interfacial compatibility, and so on. These requirements call for the combined properties of ceramic and polymer electrolytes, making ceramic-rich polymer electrolytes a promising solution to be developed. Aligned with this aim, we have shown a surface modification of Ga substituted Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO), to be an essential strategy for the preparation of ceramic-rich electrolytes. Ceramic-rich polymer membranes with surface-modified LLZO show marked improvements in the performance, in terms of electrolyte physical and electrochemical properties, as well as coulombic efficiency, interfacial compatibility, and cyclability of solid-state cells.

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Srivastava, Sandeep, i Pradeep K. Varshney. "Conductivity and structural studies of PVA based mixed-ion composite polymer electrolytes". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, nr 2 (1.06.2018): 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.12423.

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The solid membranes having different ratios of poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium perchlorate (NaClO4) and lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) were prepared using solution casting technique. The mixed-ion composite polymer electrolytes were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and conductivity measurement investigations. The XRD study confirms the amorphous nature of the mixed-ion composite polymer electrolytes. FTIR analysis has been used to characterize the structure of polymer which confirms the polymer and salt complex formation. The temperature dependent nature of ionic conductivity of the mixed-ion composite polymer electrolytes was determined by using conductivity meter (EC-035WP ERMA Inc, made in Japan). The ionic conductivity of the electrolyte was found in the range of 10-3 - 10-4 S/cm at room temperature.

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Liang, Xinghua, Dongxue Huang, Linxiao Lan, Guanhua Yang i Jianling Huang. "Enhancement of the Electrochemical Performances of Composite Solid-State Electrolytes by Doping with Graphene". Nanomaterials 12, nr 18 (16.09.2022): 3216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12183216.

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With high safety and good flexibility, polymer-based composite solid electrolytes are considered to be promising electrolytes and are widely investigated in solid lithium batteries. However, the low conductivity and high interfacial impedance of polymer-based solid electrolytes hinder their industrial applications. Herein, a composite solid-state electrolyte containing graphene (PVDF-LATP-LiClO4-Graphene) with structurally stable and good electrochemical performance is explored and enables excellent electrochemical properties for lithium-ion batteries. The ionic conductivity of the composite electrolyte membrane containing 5 wt% graphene reaches 2.00 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 25 °C, which is higher than that of the composite electrolyte membrane without graphene (2.67 × 10−4 S cm−1). The electrochemical window of the composite electrolyte membrane containing 5 wt% graphene reaches 4.6 V, and its Li+ transference numbers reach 0.84. Assembling this electrolyte into the battery, the LFP/PVDF-LATP-LiClO4-Graphene /Li battery has a specific discharge capacity of 107 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C, and the capacity retention rate was 91.58% after 100 cycles, higher than that of the LiFePO4/PVDF-LATP-LiClO4/Li (LFP/PLL/Li) battery, being 94 mAh g−1 and 89.36%, respectively. This work provides a feasible solution for the potential application of composite solid electrolytes.

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K Manjula, K. Manjula, i V. John Reddy. "Na+ Ion Conducting Nano-Composite Solid Polymer Electrolyte – Application to Electrochemical Cell". Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 38, nr 5 (31.10.2022): 1204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/380515.

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Various concentrations of Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MCNT) fillers dispersed PVDF- HFP: NaClO4 nanocomposite polymer electrolytes (NPE) were prepared by solution casting technique. The dispersion of MCNT nano fillers raised the accessibility of more ions for attaining the highest conductivity. Electrical conductivity, Ohmic resistance (RΩ), Polarisation resistanace (Rp), and Warburg impedance (W) were studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), which revealed ion transport mechanics in the polymer electrolytes. The best ionic conductivity is found to be 8.46 × 10-3 Scm-1 for the 7 wt.% dispersed MCNT Nanocomposite Solid Polymer electrolyte among all polymer electrolyte samples. Electrochemical cell was made by PVDF-HFP:NaClO4 : MCNT polymer electrolyte and exhibited 1.95 V open circuit voltage and 2.5 mA short circuit current, respectively.

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Wang, Wei Min. "Discussion on the Effect Factors of the Conductivity Performance of PEO-Based Polymer Electrolyte". Advanced Materials Research 571 (wrzesień 2012): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.571.22.

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Polymer electrolytes since the 1970s, the PV Wright, PEO polymers and inorganic salts can form complexes with high ionic conductivity. Thereafter, on a global scale, set off a craze of the theory with solid polymer electrolyte materials research and technology development, a lot of research work has been in the field to start and made great achievements in the preparation and study of different substrate materials composite polymer electrolytes, the most promising as lithium solid electrolyte materials. The polymer matrix itself large to have a high degree of crystallinity, this is very unfavorable to ion transport, therefore, to try to expand the ion transport required for the amorphous region and increase the migration of the polymer chain, and the electrolyte conductivity the rate is not only related with the polymer matrix, but also by the factors of the salt type and concentration of organic plasticizer and nano inorganic filler types and add methods.

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Rajasudha, G., V. Narayanan i A. Stephen. "Effect of Iron Oxide on Ionic Conductivity of Polyindole Based Composite Polymer Electrolytes". Advanced Materials Research 584 (październik 2012): 536–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.584.536.

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Composite polymer electrolytes (CPE) have recently received a great attention due to their potential application in solid state batteries. A novel polyindole based Fe2O3 dispersed CPE containing lithium perchlorate has been prepared by sol-gel method. The crystallinity, morphology and ionic conductivity of composite polymer electrolyte were examined by XRD, scanning electron microscopy, and impedance spectroscopy, respectively. The XRD data reveals that the intensity of the Fe2O3 has decreased when the concentration of the polymer is increased in the composite. This composite polymer electrolyte showed a linear relationship between the ionic conductivity and the reciprocal of the temperature, indicative of the system decoupled from the segmental motion of the polymer. Thus Polyindole-Iron oxide composite polymer electrolyte is a potential candidate for lithium ion electrolyte batteries. The complex impedance data for this has been analyzed in different formalisms such as permittivity (ε) and electric modulus (M). The value of ε' for CPE decreases with frequency, which is a normal dielectric behavior in polymer nanocomposite.

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Bostwick, Joshua E., Curt J. Zanelotti, Deyang Yu, Nicholas F. Pietra, Teague A. Williams, Louis A. Madsen i Ralph H. Colby. "Ionic interactions control the modulus and mechanical properties of molecular ionic composite electrolytes". Journal of Materials Chemistry C 10, nr 3 (2022): 947–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tc04119c.

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Six molecular ionic composite electrolyte films were produced by combining a rigid-rod polyelectrolyte and various ionic liquids. These electrolytes exhibit both higher modulus and room temperature ionic conductivity than other polymer-based electrolytes.

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Boyano, Iker, Aroa R. Mainar, J. Alberto Blázquez, Andriy Kvasha, Miguel Bengoechea, Iratxe de Meatza, Susana García-Martín, Alejandro Varez, Jesus Sanz i Flaviano García-Alvarado. "Reduction of Grain Boundary Resistance of La0.5Li0.5TiO3 by the Addition of Organic Polymers". Nanomaterials 11, nr 1 (29.12.2020): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11010061.

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The organic solvents that are widely used as electrolytes in lithium ion batteries present safety challenges due to their volatile and flammable nature. The replacement of liquid organic electrolytes by non-volatile and intrinsically safe ceramic solid electrolytes is an effective approach to address the safety issue. However, the high total resistance (bulk and grain boundary) of such compounds, especially at low temperatures, makes those solid electrolyte systems unpractical for many applications where high power and low temperature performance are required. The addition of small quantities of a polymer is an efficient and low cost approach to reduce the grain boundary resistance of inorganic solid electrolytes. Therefore, in this work, we study the ionic conductivity of different composites based on non-sintered lithium lanthanum titanium oxide (La0.5Li0.5TiO3) as inorganic ceramic material and organic polymers with different characteristics, added in low percentage (<15 wt.%). The proposed cheap composite solid electrolytes double the ionic conductivity of the less cost-effective sintered La0.5Li0.5TiO3.

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Jurkane, Aleksandra, i Sergejs Gaidukov. "On PEO-Based MWCNT and Graphene Composite Electrolyte Structure". Key Engineering Materials 762 (luty 2018): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.762.209.

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Novel and highly effective polyethylene oxide (PEO) based composite electrolytes were prepared by combining the graphene nanoplatelets (GR) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) for the application as solid polymer electrolyte. MWCNT and GR were used as reinforcing filler and as electrical conductivity enhancement agent. Dispersions in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) of MWCNT and GR within the PEO matrix were prepared. DMF are featured by high electron-pair donor number and low hydrogen-bonding parameters, therefore DMF is considered a standard for liquid-phase exfoliation of MWCNT and GR. In our study, the MWCNT and GR solutions were tip sonicated using an ultrasonic processor, operated at 80% amplitude. A pulse-mode (cycle of 0.5 s) sonication was used because of the system relaxation role for the off phase, allowing a higher cavitation intensity and lower heat generation to be reached. Subsequent heat pressing was applied to obtain thin solid PEO composite electrolytes. Analyses of the experimental and theoretical density of prepared solid PEO composite electrolytes are calculated and discussed. GR and MWCNT functionalization effect on void content of polymer composites is evaluated. FTIR analysis was carried out to further investigate the effect of fillers content. The SEM results showed that surface of electrolyte film became rougher after the addition of MWCNT and GR. It is concluded, that the higher is filler fraction, the lower is void content and greater is composite density.

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Sabrina, Qolby, Hilwa Kamilah, Christin Rina Ratri, Titik Lestariningsih i Sitti Ahmiatri Saptari. "Properties of Bacterial Cellulose/Polyvinyl Composite Membrane for Polymer Electrolyte Li ion Battery". Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research 12, nr 1 (26.04.2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2023.012.01.663.

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High ionic conductivity and porous properties of material play important role as a solid polymer electrolyte in Li ion battery application. In this study, a bacterial cellulose (BC)- based polymer was modified with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Blending the polymer host is one more approach to work on the morphology pore and electrochemical properties of polymer electrolytes. The slurry of BC is rich of fibers that contribute to forming of the pore template for solid electrolyte membrane. Polyvinyl act as material to creating pore and increases the polymer segmental ion lithium mobility. Pore morphology of BC-PVA and -PVP composite membrane homogeneously distributed by SEM observations. The presence of many pores makes the tensile strength of the BC PVA membrane lower. For solid electrolytes purposes, it does not affect battery performance but has a greater possibility for battery lifetime. The presence of pores contributes to the absorption of electrolytes membranes. In addition, enhancement of the conductivity upon addition of salt is correlated to the enhancement of pores from solid polymer electrolyte. The conductivity of BC-PVA composite is reported 8.7 x 10-5 Scm-1 , and this ion conductivity is slightly higher than conductivity in BC-PVP 8.4 x 10-7 Scm-1 at room temperature. In the future, BC-PVA can be applied for solid electrolyte membranes material based on cellulose.

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Walkowiak, Mariusz, Monika Osińska, Teofil Jesionowski i Katarzyna Siwińska-Stefańska. "Synthesis and characterization of a new hybrid TiO2/SiO2 filler for lithium conducting gel electrolytes". Open Chemistry 8, nr 6 (1.12.2010): 1311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-010-0110-3.

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AbstractThis paper describes the synthesis and properties of a new type of ceramic fillers for composite polymer gel electrolytes. Hybrid TiO2-SiO2 ceramic powders have been obtained by co-precipitation from titanium(IV) sulfate solution using sodium silicate as the precipitating agent. The resulting submicron-size powders have been applied as fillers for composite polymer gel electrolytes for Li-ion batteries based on poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF/HFP) copolymeric membranes. The powders, dry membranes and gel electrolytes have been examined structurally and electrochemically, showing favorable properties in terms of electrolyte uptake and electrochemical characteristics in Li-ion cells.

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Wang, Wei Min. "Preparation and Characterization of Composite Polymer Electrolyte". Advanced Materials Research 571 (wrzesień 2012): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.571.17.

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Composite polymer electrolyte materials are widely used in the electrochromic glass, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and other fields, all solid-state electrolyte to overcome the problems of the conventional liquid electrolyte rheology, chemical stability and security, applications and rangewill continue to expand. The room temperature conductivity of composite electrolytes should be improved, the need to conduct groundbreaking research in the preparation process of the composite electrolyte materials, structure and properties, there are many problems. The composite polymer electrolyte materials has become an intersection of many disciplines including materials science, chemistry, physics, and the content may lead to the field of new energy materials, in particular, is a new technological revolution in the field of battery materials, which study of the problem will continue and in-depth.

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27

Ganesan, SV, M. Selvamurugan, M. Thamima, S. Karuppuchamy i KK Mothilal. "Study of the Thermal Stability and Ionic Conductivity of Polystyrene-Co-Acrylonitrile Based Composite Solid Polymer Electrolytes Incorporated with different Lithium Salts". Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 8, S1-May (15.05.2021): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v8is1-may.4514.

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In the present study, a series of poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN) polymer electrolytes and SAN- poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polymer blend electrolytes were prepared with different lithium salts using a solvent casting technique. TG & DSC studies were carried out to investigate the thermal stability of the polymer blend electrolytes. Ionic conductivities of these electrolytes were measured by AC impedance spectroscopy. Results for conductivity studies have shown that the polymer with SAN/PVA complex with 5 % LiBr exhibits the highest conductivity of 8.7 × 10−5 S/cm at 70°C. The temperature dependence of the polymer electrolyte films obeys Arrhenius relation.

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Jean-Fulcrand, Annelise, Eun Ju Jeon, Schahrous Karimpour i Georg Garnweitner. "Cross-Linked Solid Polymer-Based Catholyte for Solid-State Lithium-Sulfur Batteries". Batteries 9, nr 7 (23.06.2023): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries9070341.

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All-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries (ASSLSBs) are a promising next-generation battery technology. They exhibit high energy density, while mitigating intrinsic problems such as polysulfide shuttling and lithium dendrite growth that are common to liquid electrolyte-based batteries. Among the various types of solid electrolytes, solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) are attractive due to their superior flexibility and high safety. In this work, cross-linkable polymers composed of pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PETEA) and tri(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether (PEG), are incorporated into sulfur–carbon composite cathodes to serve a dual function as both a binder and electrolyte, as a so-called catholyte. The influence of key parameters, including the sulfur–carbon ratio, catholyte content, and ionic conductivity of the electrolyte within the cathode on the electrochemical performance, was investigated. Notably, the sulfur composite cathode containing 30 wt% of the PETEA-PEG copolymer catholyte achieved a high initial discharge capacity of 1236 mAh gS−1 at a C-rate of 0.1 and 80 °C.

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Quartarone, E. "PEO-based composite polymer electrolytes". Solid State Ionics 110, nr 1-2 (1.07.1998): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2738(98)00114-3.

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KASKHEDIKAR, N., J. PAULSDORF, M. BURJANADZE, Y. KARATAS, B. ROLING i H. WIEMHOFER. "Polyphosphazene based composite polymer electrolytes". Solid State Ionics 177, nr 26-32 (31.10.2006): 2699–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2006.05.003.

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CAPUANO, F., F. CROCE i B. SCROSATI. "ChemInform Abstract: Composite Polymer Electrolytes". ChemInform 22, nr 40 (22.08.2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199140013.

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Jurkane, Aleksandra, i Sergejs Gaidukov. "Effect of Low-Content of Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes on Dielectric Properties of Polyethylene Oxide Solid Composite Electrolyte". Key Engineering Materials 721 (grudzień 2016): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.721.18.

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Preparation of polymeric nano-composites with finely controlled structure, especially, at nano-scale, is still one of the most perspective modification ways of the properties of polymeric composites. Paper actuality is based on growing need for non-combustible and safe battery electrolytes, which operate portable electronic devices. Polyethylene oxide solid composite electrolytes containing lithium triflate, multiwall carbon nanotubes and graphene by solution casting and hot-pressing method were prepared. Dielectric spectroscopy, surface resistivity measurements were performed to evaluate nanoparticles influence on the dielectric characteristics of the electrolyte material. Observed enhancement of dielectric conductivity is connected to the addition of the Li+ ions and incorporation of the electrically conductive nanoparticles to the polymer electrolyte

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He, Zizhou, i Ling Fei. "PEGDA with Metal-Organic Frameworks As Composite Electrolyte for All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, nr 1 (7.07.2022): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-011124mtgabs.

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The widely use of volatile and flammable traditional organic carbonate-based electrolytes in high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is prone to cause safety hazards. Solid-state polymer electrolytes (SPE) have been developed to address the safety issues due to their numerous advantages, such as solvent-free, low flammability, wide electrochemical stability window, and good thermal and mechanical stability. However, the polymer tends to recrystallize at room temperature leading to insufficient ionic conductivity. Organic-matter-based fillers (e.g., metal-organic frameworks, covalent−organic frameworks, and lithiophilic polymers) have been found to increase the ionic conductivity of SPEs effectively by decreasing the crystallinity of polymer, synchronously to improve the mechanical property, thermal stability, and interfacial compatibility. Porous zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) has been used as fillers in this study. The ZIF-8 are integrated with the PEGDA matrix in this study, showing enhanced electrochemical and mechanical properties. Such performance enhancement is due to the composite solid-state electrolyte inherited the advantages of both polymer and fillers. The fillers not only inhibited the recrystallization of the polymer but also prevent the dendrite growth of the Li. The polymeric PEGDA enhanced the contact interface between the electrolyte and electrodes. Therefore, PEGDA-based SPEs with ZIF-8 is of great promise for all-solid-state lithium metal batteries.

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Reddy, V. Madhusudhana, N. Kundana i T. Sreekanth. "Investigation of XRD and Transport Properties of (PEO+KNO3+Nano Al2O3) Composite Polymer Electrolyte". Material Science Research India 15, nr 1 (20.04.2018): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/msri/150103.

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(PEO+KNO3+Nano Al2O3) based Composite Polymer Electrolytes (CPE) has been prepared by using solution casting technique. In this technique, Poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) and KNO3salt were dissolved separately in methanol and they were mixed together. Nano alumina (Al2O3) (particle size ~10nm) was doped to mixed solution and stirred for 24hrs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique has been obtained to determine complexation of salt and polymer in composite polymer electrolytes. Ionic and electronic transference numbers of these composite polymer electrolytes has been calculated by using Wagner’s polarization technique. The DC Conductivity of these composite polymer electrolytes has been evaluated in the temperature range of 303-373 K.

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35

Lu, Xiaochuan. "Highly Conductive PEO-Based Polymer Composite Electrolyte for Na Battery Applications". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, nr 4 (9.10.2022): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-024510mtgabs.

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State-of-the-art Li- or Na-ion batteries typically use organic solvents in the electrolytes, which might cause serious safety issues. Replacing the liquid electrolytes with nonflammable, dense solid-state electrolytes can potentially solve this problem. Among all types of solid electrolytes, PEO-based polymer electrolytes (PBPEs) have attracted great attentions due to their excellent flexibility, chemical stability, and easiness for processing. In this talk, we will present our recent progress in development of flexible, Na-ion conducting PBPEs. In particular, we tried to incorporate various amounts of ionic liquid (i.e., PY14FSI) into PEO + NaFSI electrolytes that can increase the amount of amorphous phase in the polymer and thus achieve higher ionic conduction. It was found that the highest conductivity was achieved with the composition of P(EO)20NaFSI + 2.4PY14FSI (2 x 10-3 and 3 x 10-4 S cm-1 at 60oC and RT with a Na+ transference number of ~0.1). We further verified the performance of the electrolyte with a composition of P(EO)20NaFSI + 1.6PY14FSI in symmetric and full cells. The critical current density of the electrolyte in Na symmetric cells was as high as 0.5 mA/cm2 at 60oC and the cells also showed an excellent stability during ~700 cycles at a current density of 0.1 mA/cm2. A full cell with Na3V2(PO4)3 as the cathode showed an initial capacity of 100 mAh/g-1 and a Coulombic Efficiency of ~94%. All of these demonstrated a PBPE with excellent chemical, mechanical, and electrochemical performance and properties for Na battery application. Figure 1

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36

Huang, Hong, Jeremy Lee i Michael Rottmayer. "Thermal, Mechanical, and Electrical Characteristics of the Lithiated PEO/LAGP Composite Electrolytes". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, nr 2 (7.07.2022): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-012311mtgabs.

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Lithium-ion batteries utilizing solid-state electrolytes have potential to alleviate safety issues, prolong discharge/charge cycle life, reduce packaging volume, and enable flexible design. Polymer-ceramic composite electrolytes are more attractive and recognized because the combination can remedy and/or transcend individual constituent’ properties. We have fabricated a series of free-standing composite electrolyte membranes consisting of Li1.4Al0.4Ge1.6(PO4)3 (LAGP), polyethylene oxide (PEO), and two different lithium-salts, i.e. LiBF4 and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI). It is determined that the type of lithium salt can prevail the ceramic LAGP loadings on altering the thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of the composite electrolytes. In this paper, we will present the results and discuss the differences in the aspects of melting transition, mechanical reinforcement, and ionic conduction resulting from the two different lithium salts together with the content of LAGP ceramic fillers in the lithiated PEO/LAGP composite electrolytes. The changes in these three aspects can be ascribed to the different interactions between the polymer matrix and lithium salt in the composite setting.

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37

Abels, Gideon, Ingo Bardenhagen, Julian Schwenzel i Frederieke Langer. "Thermal Stability of Polyethylene Oxide Electrolytes in Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide Based Composite Cathodes". Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, nr 2 (1.02.2022): 020560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac534c.

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Thermal runaways induced by parasitic reactions are one of the greatest intrinsic risks for lithium-ion batteries. Therefore, the thermal stability of the electrolyte in contact with electrode materials is of utmost importance for safe battery usage. While solid state electrolytes are said to be safer than liquid ones, appropriate data about their thermal stability is nearly completely missing in literature. To fill this gap, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry coupled with mass spectrometry was used to analyze the thermal decomposition of composite cathodes in an argon atmosphere. The samples consisted of different polymer electrolytes mixed with lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC622). The results show that all examined solid electrolytes are stable up to 300 °C. Above this temperature, decomposition progress depends on the lithium salt. The cathode active material also reacts with the polymer electrolytes at high temperatures. Due to this, the energy output during decomposition increases with regard to the polymer fraction. Such knowledge is fundamental for the practical use of solid polymer electrolytes.

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38

Wang, Wei Min. "Study on All Solid-State Composite Polymer Electrolyte". Advanced Materials Research 571 (wrzesień 2012): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.571.13.

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So far, there has been a large number of high conductivity of solid materials to replace the liquid electrolyte. All solid-state composite polymer electrolyte materials have not yet fully realized industrial production, but many areas are moving in the direction of practical development. With the deepening of the study, the ionic conductivity mechanism and constantly improve, but the ionic conductivity of composite electrolytes should be improved, need to conduct groundbreaking research in the preparation process, structure and properties of the composite electrolyte materials have many problems. The composite polymer electrolyte materials has become an intersection of many disciplines including materials science, chemistry, physics, and the content may lead to the field of new energy materials, in particular, is a new technological revolution in the field of battery materials, which study of the problem will continue and in-depth.

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Tan, Xinjie, Yongmin Wu, Weiping Tang, Shufeng Song, Jianyao Yao, Zhaoyin Wen, Li Lu, Serguei V. Savilov, Ning Hu i Janina Molenda. "Preparation of Nanocomposite Polymer Electrolyte via In Situ Synthesis of SiO2 Nanoparticles in PEO". Nanomaterials 10, nr 1 (16.01.2020): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10010157.

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Composite polymer electrolytes provide an emerging solution for new battery development by replacing liquid electrolytes, which are commonly complexes of polyethylene oxide (PEO) with ceramic fillers. However, the agglomeration of fillers and weak interaction restrict their conductivities. By contrast with the prevailing methods of blending preformed ceramic fillers within the polymer matrix, here we proposed an in situ synthesis method of SiO2 nanoparticles in the PEO matrix. In this case, robust chemical interactions between SiO2 nanoparticles, lithium salt and PEO chains were induced by the in situ non-hydrolytic sol gel process. The in situ synthesized nanocomposite polymer electrolyte delivered an impressive ionic conductivity of ~1.1 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 30 °C, which is two orders of magnitude higher than that of the preformed synthesized composite polymer electrolyte. In addition, an extended electrochemical window of up to 5 V vs. Li/Li+ was achieved. The Li/nanocomposite polymer electrolyte/Li symmetric cell demonstrated a stable long-term cycling performance of over 700 h at 0.01–0.1 mA cm−2 without short circuiting. The all-solid-state battery consisting of the nanocomposite polymer electrolyte, Li metal and LiFePO4 provides a discharge capacity of 123.5 mAh g−1, a Coulombic efficiency above 99% and a good capacity retention of 70% after 100 cycles.

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40

Tang, Xiaoli, Qi Cao, Xianyou Wang, Xiuxiang Peng i Juan Zeng. "Study of the effect of a novel high-performance gel polymer electrolyte based on thermoplastic polyurethane/poly(vinylidene fluoride)/polystyrene and formed using an electrospinning technique". RSC Advances 5, nr 72 (2015): 58655–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra08493h.

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Nanofibrous membranes based on poly(vinylidene fluoride) doped with thermoplastic polyurethane and polystyrene are prepared using an electrospinning technique and composite gel polymer electrolytes are obtained after activation in liquid electrolyte.

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41

Aji, M. P., Rahmawati, Masturi, S. Bijaksana, Khairurrijal i M. Abdullah. "Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Polymer Electrolyte (PVA:LiOH) Containing In Situ Dispersed Fe3O4 Nanoparticles". ISRN Materials Science 2012 (29.02.2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/795613.

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Nanocomposite magnetic polymer electrolytes based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) complexed with lithium hydroxide (LiOH) and containing magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were prepared using an in situ method, in which the nanoparticles were grown in the host polymer electrolyte. Ion carriers were formed during nanoparticle growth from the previously added LiOH precursor. If a high concentration of LiOH was added, the remaining unreacted LiOH was distributed in the form of an amorphous complex around the Fe3O4 nanoparticles, thus preventing agglomeration of the nanoparticles by the host polymer. By addition of Fe3O4 the composite polymer electrolytes improved the ionic conductivity, resulting in a maximum conductivity of 1.81×10-3 S⋅cm-1. The magnetic properties of the polymer electrolyte were investigated through magnetic susceptibility studies, and the material was predominantly ferromagnetic.

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42

Chavan, Kanchan, Pallab Barai, Hong-Keun Kim i Venkat Srinivasan. "Decoding the Ceramics Influence in the Composite Electrolytes". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, nr 4 (9.10.2022): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-024494mtgabs.

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As Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs) becomes an essential part of the everyday life, fireproof electrolytes have become an important component of the next generation battery design without compromising the performance of the battery. Composite electrolytes (CEs), consist of polymer electrolytes with highly conducting ceramic particles are promising candidates to substitute currently commercialized LIBs with liquid electrolytes. So far, experiments with CEs have discovered positive and negative effect on the overall conductivity of the CEs in the presence of ceramic particles.1–4 Therefore, exists the conflict weather the CEs are the solution to overcome the disadvantages of all-liquid and all-solid electrolytes. In this work, a 2-Dimensional CE with a uniform ceramic particle size distribution is studied via continuum modeling. we analyze the effect of interface between polymer and ceramic particle on the overall conductivity and transference number of the CEs to guide experimentalist to fabricate these interfaces carefully. It is concluded that the interplay between ohmic resistance and polymer conductivity at the polymer and ceramic particle interfaces can explain the conflicts observed in the literature. The Ohmic resistance at the interface is a critical parameter that determines whether ceramic particles enhance the overall conductivity or not. Finally, CEs does meet the criteria of the conductivity and transference number requirement in order to use in the EVs.5 References: (1) Cheng, S. H.-S.; He, K.-Q.; Liu, Y.; Zha, J.-W.; Kamruzzaman, M.; Ma, R. L.-W.; Dang, Z.-M.; Li, R. K. Y.; Chung, C. Y. Electrochemical Performance of All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries Using Inorganic Lithium Garnets Particulate Reinforced PEO/LiClO4 Electrolyte. Electrochimica Acta 2017, 253, 430–438. (2) Zagórski, J.; López del Amo, J. M.; Cordill, M. J.; Aguesse, F.; Buannic, L.; Llordés, A. Garnet–Polymer Composite Electrolytes: New Insights on Local Li-Ion Dynamics and Electrodeposition Stability with Li Metal Anodes. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2019, 2 (3), 1734–1746. (3) Bonilla, M. R.; García Daza, F. A.; Ranque, P.; Aguesse, F.; Carrasco, J.; Akhmatskaya, E. Unveiling Interfacial Li-Ion Dynamics in Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 /PEO(LiTFSI) Composite Polymer-Ceramic Solid Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 13 (26), 30653–30667. (4) Choi, J.-H.; Lee, C.-H.; Yu, J.-H.; Doh, C.-H.; Lee, S.-M. Enhancement of Ionic Conductivity of Composite Membranes for All-Solid-State Lithium Rechargeable Batteries Incorporating Tetragonal Li7La3Zr2O12 into a Polyethylene Oxide Matrix. J. Power Sources 2015, 274, 458–463. (5) Kim, H.-K.; Srinivasan, V. Status and Targets for Polymer-Based Solid-State Batteries for Electric Vehicle Applications. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2020, 167 (13), 130520.

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Abraham, K. M., V. R. Koch i T. J. Blakley. "Inorganic-Organic Composite Solid Polymer Electrolytes". Journal of The Electrochemical Society 147, nr 4 (2000): 1251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.1393345.

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Marcinek, M., G. Z. Żukowska i W. Wieczorek. "Model composite polymer electrolytes containing triphenylborane". Electrochimica Acta 50, nr 19 (czerwiec 2005): 3934–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2005.02.045.

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Croce, F., F. Capuano, A. Selvaggi, B. Scrosati i G. Scibona. "The lithium polymer electrolyte battery IV. Use of composite electrolytes". Journal of Power Sources 32, nr 4 (październik 1990): 381–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7753(90)87006-d.

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46

Gribkova, Oxana L., i Alexander A. Nekrasov. "Spectroelectrochemistry of Electroactive Polymer Composite Materials". Polymers 14, nr 15 (5.08.2022): 3201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14153201.

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In this review, we have summarized the main advantages of the method of spectroelectrochemistry as applied to recent studies on electrosynthesis and redox processes of electroactive polymer composite materials, which have found wide application in designing organic optoelectronic devices, batteries and sensors. These polymer composites include electroactive polymer complexes with large unmovable dopant anions such as polymer electrolytes, organic dyes, cyclodextrins, poly(β-hydroxyethers), as well as polymer-inorganic nanocomposites. The spectroelectrochemical methods reviewed include in situ electron absorption, Raman, infrared and electron spin resonance spectroscopies.

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47

Zhan, Hui, Mengjun Wu, Rui Wang, Shuohao Wu, Hao Li, Tian Tian i Haolin Tang. "Excellent Performances of Composite Polymer Electrolytes with Porous Vinyl-Functionalized SiO2 Nanoparticles for Lithium Metal Batteries". Polymers 13, nr 15 (27.07.2021): 2468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13152468.

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Composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) incorporate the advantages of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) and inorganic solid electrolytes (ISEs), which have shown huge potential in the application of safe lithium-metal batteries (LMBs). Effectively avoiding the agglomeration of inorganic fillers in the polymer matrix during the organic–inorganic mixing process is very important for the properties of the composite electrolyte. Herein, a partial cross-linked PEO-based CPE was prepared by porous vinyl-functionalized silicon (p-V-SiO2) nanoparticles as fillers and poly (ethylene glycol diacrylate) (PEGDA) as cross-linkers. By combining the mechanical rigidity of ceramic fillers and the flexibility of PEO, the as-made electrolyte membranes had excellent mechanical properties. The big special surface area and pore volume of nanoparticles inhibited PEO recrystallization and promoted the dissolution of lithium salt. Chemical bonding improved the interfacial compatibility between organic and inorganic materials and facilitated the homogenization of lithium-ion flow. As a result, the symmetric Li|CPE|Li cells could operate stably over 450 h without a short circuit. All solid Li|LiFePO4 batteries were constructed with this composite electrolyte and showed excellent rate and cycling performances. The first discharge-specific capacity of the assembled battery was 155.1 mA h g−1, and the capacity retention was 91% after operating for 300 cycles at 0.5 C. These results demonstrated that the chemical grafting of porous inorganic materials and cross-linking polymerization can greatly improve the properties of CPEs.

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Shaheer Akhtar, M., Ui Yeon Kim, Dae Jin Choi i O. Bong Yang. "Effect of Electron Beam Irradiation on the Properties of Polyethylene Oxide–TiO₂ Composite Electrolyte for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells". Materials Science Forum 658 (lipiec 2010): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.658.161.

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The e-beam irradiation technique was found to be a new efficient method to improve and control the morphological and electrochemical properties of composite electrolytes of polyethylene oxide (PEO) and TiO2 for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). PEO was irradiated by electron beam (e-beam) with energy source 2 MeV from 60 to 240 kGy doses at the dose rate of 15 kGy/min. The transition and amorphous phases of PEO were significantly increased upon the e-beam irradiation. Optimum e-beam irradiation was 60kGy in terms of degree of cross linking and amorphicity for the efficient ion conduction electrolytes. However, the properties of polymer and composite electrolytes were deteriorated after irradiation of > 60 kGy. The prepared composites with PEO/60kGy and TiO2 (PEO/60kGy-TiO2) showed significantly improved morphological and ionic conductivity properties of electrolyte for DSSC. DSSC fabricated with PEO/60kGy-TiO2 showed drastically increased conversion efficiency of 4.52% as compared to DSSC fabricated with bare PEO (conversion efficiency = 1.9%).

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Zhang, L. X., Y. Z. Li, L. W. Shi, R. J. Yao, S. S. Xia, Y. Wang i Y. P. Yang. "Electrospun Polyethylene Oxide (PEO)-Based Composite polymeric nanofiber electrolyte for Li-Metal Battery". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2353, nr 1 (1.10.2022): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2353/1/012004.

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Abstract Composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) based on polyethylene oxide (PEO) offer manufacturing feasibility and outstanding mechanical flexibility. However, the low ionic conductivity of the CPEs at room temperature, as well as the poor mechanical properties, have hindered their commercialization. In this work, Solid-state electrolytes based on polyethylene oxide (PEO) with and without fumed SiO2 (FS) nanoparticles are prepared by electrostatic spinning process. The as-spun PEO hybrid nanofiber electrolyte with 6.85 wt% FS has a relatively high lithium ion conductivity and electrochemical stability, which is 4.8 × 10-4 S/cm and up to 5.2 V vs. Li+/Li, respectively. Furthermore, it also shows a higher tensile strength (2.03 MPa) with % elongation at break (561.8). Due to the superior electrochemical and mechanical properties, it is promising as high-safety and all-solid-state polymer electrolyte for advanced Li-metal battery.

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Shu, Kewei, Jiazhen Zhou, Xiaojing Wu, Xuan Liu, Liyu Sun, Yu Wang, Siyu Tian i in. "A PVDF/g−C3N4-Based Composite Polymer Electrolytes for Sodium-Ion Battery". Polymers 15, nr 9 (24.04.2023): 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15092006.

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As one of the most promising candidates for all-solid-state sodium-ion batteries and sodium-metal batteries, polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) and amorphous hexafluoropropylene (HFP) copolymerized polymer solid electrolytes still suffer from a relatively low room temperature ionic conductivity. To modify the properties of PVDF-HEP copolymer electrolytes, we introduce the graphitic C3N4 (g−C3N4) nanosheets as a novel nanofiller to form g−C3N4 composite solid polymer electrolytes (CSPEs). The analysis shows that the g−C3N4 filler can not only modify the structure in g−C3N4CSPEs by reducing the crystallinity, compared to the PVDF−HFP solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs), but also promote a further dissociation with the sodium salt through interaction between the surface atoms of the g−C3N4 and the sodium salt. As a result, enhanced electrical properties such as ionic conductivity, Na+ transference number, mechanical properties and thermal stability of the composite electrolyte can be observed. In particular, a low Na deposition/dissolution overpotential of about 100 mV at a current density of 1 mA cm−2 was found after 160 cycles with the incorporation of g−C3N4. By applying the g−C3N4 CSPEs in the sodium-metal battery with Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode, the coin cell battery exhibits a lower polarization voltage at 90 mV, and a stable reversible capacity of 93 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 1 C.

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