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1
Harris, Bryan. "Fatigue of composite materials". Composites Science and Technology 49, nr 1 (styczeń 1993): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-3538(93)90026-d.
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Suryawan, I. Gede Putu Agus, NPG Suardana, IN Suprapta Winaya i IWB Suyasa. "The Hardness Analysis of Epoxy Composite Reinforced with Glass Fiber Compared to Nettle Fibers". International Journal of Engineering and Emerging Technology 5, nr 1 (27.07.2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ijeet.2020.v05.i01.p02.
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The purpose of this study is to compare the hardness of glass fiber reinforced composite materials with the hardness of netted fiber-reinforced composite materials. Glass fiber is a commercial fiber that has been used in various industries while nettle fiber is a natural fiber that is more environmentally friendly. Composite material has several advantages, namely the form that can be adjusted, high strength, lightweight and resistant to corrosion. Nettle plants are plants that have strong fibers in the bark. In this study, nettle composites were made with variations in the weight fractions of 10%, 15%, and 20%. Hardness testing used the Shore D Durometer. The results of the hardness value of glass fiber composites with weight fractions of 10%, 15%, and 20% are 82.4 Shore D, 84.5 Shore D, and 86.5 Shore D, show an increase in stable hardness because the glass fiber factor is already commercial, the fiber strength is evenly distributed. The hardness values of nettle fiber composites with fractions of 10%, 15%, and 20% are 81.6 Shore D, 85 Shore D, and 86.6 Shore D, the hardness value of each nettle composite increases with the addition of fiber weight fraction but is unstable due to the strength factor of each nettle single fiber uneven. Furthermore, with the right treatment, nettle fiber can replace glass fiber.
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Li, Ruizi, Yanping Zhou, Wenbin Li, Jixin Zhu i Wei Huang. "Structure Engineering in Biomass-Derived Carbon Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage". Research 2020 (29.04.2020): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2020/8685436.
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Biomass-derived carbon materials (B-d-CMs) are considered as a group of very promising electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage (EES) by virtue of their naturally diverse and intricate microarchitectures, extensive and low-cost source, environmental friendliness, and feasibility to be produced in a large scale. However, the practical application of raw B-d-CMs in EES is limited by their relatively rare storage sites and low diffusion kinetics. In recent years, various strategies from structural design to material composite manipulation have been explored to overcome these problems. In this review, a controllable design of B-d-CM structures boosting their storage sites and diffusion kinetics for EES devices including SIBs, Li-S batteries, and supercapacitors is systematically summarized from the aspects of effects of pseudographic structure, hierarchical pore structure, surface functional groups, and heteroatom doping of B-d-CMs, as well as the composite structure of B-d-CMs, aiming to provide guidance for further rational design of the B-d-CMs for high-performance EES devices. Besides, the contemporary challenges and perspectives on B-d-CMs and their composites are also proposed for further practical application of B-d-CMs for EES devices.
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Musanif, Imran, Jeditjah Papia, Adrian Maidangkay i Nelson Luppa. "Mechanical Properties of Coconut Fiber Hybrids and Non Hybrids Prepared Using Polyester Resin". International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology 08, nr 06 (2024): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47001/irjiet/2024.806002.
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The use and exploitation of natural fibers as reinforcement in composite materials continues to be developed with the aim of reducing the use of synthetic fibers which have an impact on the environmental problems. This research aims to experimentally study the fiber potential and coconut sticks for the manufacture of hybrid composite materials as one of the natural fiberbased composite materials that have performance for certain applications. The method used is the manufacture of hybrid composites by varying the volume of fiber and sticking with polyester resin matrices. While testing mechanical properties in succession refers to ASTM D 638, ASTM D 790, ASTM D 785 and ASTM D 256 testing standards for tensile strength testing, bending strength, hardness testing, and impact testing. The results obtained show that the most optimal mechanical properties occur in the composition of the 50% reinforcement volume fraction. Overall, the head stick as a reinforcing material on hybrid composites has not provided significant reinforcement due to the presence of a hard layer around the surface of the stick even though alkaline treatment has been carried out.
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Mech, Rafał, i Jerzy Kaleta. "Influence of Terfenol-D Powder Volume Fraction in Epoxy Matirx Composites on their Magnetomechanical Properies". Acta Mechanica et Automatica 11, nr 3 (1.09.2017): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ama-2017-0036.
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Abstract In this paper the investigations of magnetostriction as well as DC magnetic properties for composites doped with Terfenol-D particles are presented. All investigations were performed for the materials with 35%, 46% and 70% volume fraction of the Terfenol-D particles surrounded by epoxy matrix. Moreover, the bulk Terfenol-D alloy was tested. The obtained results show that the magnetization of the composite materials increases with increasing the volume fraction of Terfenol-D particles. Similar dependence as for magnetization was observed for the magnetostriction measurements. Although the magnetostriction of composite material is smaller than for solid Terfenol-D it is still tens of times bigger than in case of traditional magnetostrictive materials. Obtained results gives opportunity to use these materials for variety applications such as actuators and sensors.
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Newacheck, Scott, Anil Singh i George Youssef. "On the magnetoelectric performance of multiferroic particulate composite materials". Smart Materials and Structures 31, nr 1 (29.11.2021): 015022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ac383b.
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Abstract In the current work, quantitative analysis of magnetoelectric particulate composite material system explicated the main mechanisms responsible for the below-optimal performance of this class of materials. We considered compliant particulate composite materials, with constituents relevant to technological and scientific interest, leading to 0–3 Terfenol-D/PVDF–TrFE composite samples. To this objective, thick Terfenol-D/PVDF–TrFE films (10–15 µm) were fabricated and analyzed for chemical, mechanical, and magnetic properties to demonstrate their suitability for energy applications in harsh environmental conditions. The vigorous experimental characterization of the composite exemplified the multifunctional properties, quantifying the interrelationship between the composition and performance. We observed that the addition of magnetic particles to the electroactive copolymer matrix resulted in improvement in the mechanical and electrical properties since the particles acted as pinning sites, hindering the deformation of the chains and enhancing polarization. The effective modulus model was amended to account for the crystallization-induced change in material stiffness. We also measured and computed the magnetic particles motion to explicate the detrimental effect of mobility and migration on the overall magnetoelectric coupling performance of the composite. Thereby, we derived an analytical model based on the magnetic force due to the co-presence of alternating and constant magnetic fields, and the viscous drag force due to the viscoelastic properties of the electroactive copolymer matrix. We demonstrated that the mobility of the particles plays a crucial role in the short and long term performance of magnetoelectric coupling in multiferroic particulate composites, uncovering the underpinnings of the dichotomy in performance between experimentally measured and analytically predicted coupling coefficients, thus allowing for the proposal of new approaches to realize the scientific potential of magnetoelectric particulate composites in energy applications.
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Kohyama, Akira. "Advanced SiC/SiC Composite Materials for Fourth Generation Gas Cooled Fast Reactors". Key Engineering Materials 287 (czerwiec 2005): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.287.16.
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As one of the most important breakthrough in the field of SiC/SiC composite materials, the new process called Nano-powder Infiltration and Transient Eutectoid (NITE) Process has been developed. The outstanding total properties of the NITE SiC/SiC composites are presented. Then, the current efforts to make attractive GFR based on the NITE SiC/SiC composites and the technology R & D to make reactor components with the NITE SiC/SiC composites are provided together with our efforts on innovative reactor designs.
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Wan, Zhenkai, i Jialu Li. "ON-LINE TECHNIQUE FOR MEASURING THICKNESS FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL BRAIDED COMPOSITE MATERIAL PREFORMS". AUTEX Research Journal 5, nr 4 (1.12.2005): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2005-050407.
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Abstract This paper presents an automatic method that can measure the thickness of three-dimensional (3-D) braided composite preforms. The thickness of 3-D braided composite material preform is an important parameter of 3-D braided composites. With the development of 3-D braided composite technology, an automated measurement technology for thickness of braided composite preform has become an importantgoal. The objective of this paper is to present an automatic measuring system. The system we devised consisted of a computer, a proximity sensor, a pressure sensor, an analog-to-digital converter and pulse motor, etc. The measuring principle and results are discussed in the paper. The system was tested on both carbon and glass fibre preforms. We obtained very encouraging results. Experiments showed the pressure and eddy current resistance value are important parameters for measuring the thickness of 3-D braided composite material preforms. The measuring precision is higher when the pressure value ranges from 0.6kg/cm2 to 0.8kg/cm2 and the eddy current resistance is 2kΩ for preforms made of carbon-fibre than of other substances.
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Yang, Hong, Wei Chen, Yang Xia i Gao Lin Xiang. "Analysis on Magnetoelectric Effect of Terfenol-D/PMNT/Terfenol-D Laminate Magnetoelectric Composite Material". Advanced Materials Research 741 (sierpień 2013): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.741.18.
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In this paper, based on the constitutive equations of piezoelectric effect and piezomagnetic effect, a 1-3 model of laminate magnetoelectricity composite materials is established. By combining material mechanical kinematic equations and circuit state equations, magnetical-mechanical-electrical equivalent circuit of laminate magnetoelectric composite materials is raised and magneto-electricity switch effect is analyzed. Upon these, a new kind of laminate magnetoelectricity composite material, Terfenol-D/PMNT/Terfenol-D, is put forward. Taking 1-3 model as an example, with the help of MATLAB, we simulate and calculate the magnetoelectric response of this new material. Through calculation, a conclusion is drawn that this new materials magnetoelectricity switch coefficient is higher than that of Terfenol-D/PZT/Terfenol-D. This theoretical basis will put this new material in a good position in magnetoelectric materials preparation.
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Hu, Xiaomei, Lei Zhao i Wenlong Li. "Petri Net-Based R&D Process Modeling and Optimization for Composite Materials". Journal of Applied Mathematics 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/306704.
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Considering the current R&D process for new composite materials involves some complex details, such as formula design, specimen/sample production, materials/sample test, assessment, materials/sample feedback from customers, and mass production, the workflow model of Petri net-based R&D process for new composite materials’ is proposed. By analyzing the time property of the whole Petri net, the optimized model for new composite materials R&D workflow is further proposed. By analyzing the experiment data and application in some materials R&D enterprise, it is demonstrated that the workflow optimization model shortens the period of R&D on new materials for 15%, definitely improving the R&D efficiency. This indicates the feasibility and availability of the model.
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Abou-Taleb, Hemdan A., Walaa El-Qaleoby, Amira Gad El-Aela i Aly H. El-Shiekh. "MANUFACTURING 3-D BRAIDED COMPOSITE TRUSSES". AUTEX Research Journal 7, nr 3 (1.09.2007): 180–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2007-070304.
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Abstract A design methodology for the production of complex shapes through near net shape manufacturing is presented. The data was obtained by using a 3-D circular braiding machine that was designed and constructed by Prof. Dr. Aly El-Shiekh. Production of a braided truss shows the procedures required for producing right-angled and contoured parts, as well as the feasibility of producing such parts. The FRPC (Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composites) truss reinforcement system was designed to simulate the conventional iron truss reinforcement system typically used in a concrete bridge deck. A technical comparison of FRPC (Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composites) truss and steel truss is carried out with respect to weight, cost, compression and bending strength. Experimental results are presented to show how the nominal stresses (compression and bending) of 3-D braided composite trusses depend on truss height, truss width and truss angle, i.e. the number of working layers, number of yarns per each layer, braiding pattern and number of beats per cycle. It is shown that accurate mathematical models could be developed from the laboratory data to predict the compression and bending stresses of the truss from the basic braiding machine settings by using factorial design. The excellent fit of the predicted values with the measured values confirms that the mathematical models developed can be used to make accurate prediction of the compression and bending stresses from a knowledge of the truss specifications.
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Ishartono, Bayu, Suyanta Suyanta i Indriana Kartini. "Effect of Zeolite to Clay Ratios on the Formation of Zeolite-Clay-White Cement Composite Cylinder as an Encapsulant of Urea Fertilizer". Key Engineering Materials 884 (maj 2021): 196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.884.196.
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Zeolite-clay-white cement composite cylinders have been prepared for the encapsulant of urea powder. The composites were made by mixing natural zeolite, clay, and white cement at certain ratios using a home-made cylinder mold. All processes were done at room temperature. The composites were characterized using infrared (IR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Mechanical properties of the composites were evaluated through compressive strength and water absorption capacity test. The infrared spectra showed functional groups at 3448 and 1636 cm–1, indicating the presence of calcium silicate hydrate as the main product of hydration and pozzolanic reactions in the composite. The XRD patterns also confirmed the presence of calcium silicate hydrate as tobermorite (d = 3.34, 3.22, 2.75, and 2.28 Å) and jennite (d = 4.50 Å). Increasing the natural zeolite ratio in the composite decreased the compressive strength but increased water absorption capacity. The composite cylinders are envisaged as the encapsulant of urea powder and act as a slow-release fertilizer.
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Saptaji, Kushendarsyah, Dindamilenia Choirunnisa Hardiyasanti, Muchammad Fachrizal Ali, Raffy Frandito i Tiara Kusuma Dewi. "Potential Applications of Hydroxyapatite-Mineralized-Collagen Composites as Bone Structure Regeneration: a Review". JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND APPLIED ENGINEERING 5, nr 1 (16.03.2022): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31328/jsae.v5i1.3577.
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The composites materials are known for their flexibility due to the combinations of two or three different materials and manipulation of their compositions. The advantage offered by composite materials make it suitable for biomedical applications especially to be used for implants. There are three types of composites biocompatible materials namely Metal Matrix Composite (MMC), Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC) and Polymer Matrix Composite (PMC). In order to produce the biocompatible composite materials, various manufacturing processes can be performed. The manufacturing processes of MMCs are stir casting and powder metallurgy; the typical manufacturing process for CMCs is powder metallurgy; and 3-D printing by synthesizing and cross-linking the networks is used for fabricating PMCs. One of the promising biocompatible composites is Hydroxyapatite Mineralized Collagen (HMC). The HMC is used to create bone scaffold in bone regeneration process. The suggested manufacturing process for HMC is hybrid process which collaborate Additive Manufacturing and CNC Machining. In this paper, the HMC is reviewed especially related with its properties, fabrication method, and existed experimentation. In addition, the three types of biocompatible composites are also discussed on the applications and its manufacturing processes.
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Tajul Arifin, Ahmad Mubarak, Shahrum Abdullah, Rozli Zulkifli i Dzuraidah Abd Wahab. "A Study on Characteristic of Polymer Matrix Composites Using Experimental and Statistical Approach". Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (sierpień 2013): 683–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.683.
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This paper focuses on the characteristic study of polymer matrix composites using a statistical approach, in terms of difference experimental and reflected to difference stacking sequence and orientation of composite lamination. Composite material, have an excellent characteristic and behavior, but with a difference application and materials used, it have a difference phenomenon occurred before the composite structure are collapsed. Therefore, in order to understand the characteristic of polymer matrix composites, it needs to investigate the phenomenon that influences the structure of composite lamination before failures. In this research, polymer matrix composites are produced using difference material and stacking sequence of lamination. The matrix used is thermoset epoxy and polyester resin with chopped strand mat (CSM) and woven roving (WR) as reinforcement materials. It has been produced using hand lay-up technique. The experimental work is carried out using the tension and flexural test accordance to ASTM-D3039 and D-D790 standard. By using a statistical approach, it can clearly show the differential between materials used with a characteristic of composite materials. It is noted, based on this investigation it also showed difference phenomenon failures and damage structure of polymer matrix composites with difference type of experimental.
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Rahiminia, Mohammad Amin, Masoud Latifi i Mojtaba Sadighi. "Elastic behavior of composites reinforced by 3D printed tubular lattice braid textures". Rapid Prototyping Journal 26, nr 7 (3.07.2020): 1277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-12-2019-0326.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to introduce an innovative transversal tubular braid texture and to study the elastic behavior of its 3 D printed structure comparatively to 3 D printed longitudinal tubular braid texture (maypole) to be used as reinforcement. Design/methodology/approach Regarding the lack of proper machines for the production of the proposed texture, the structure of samples was produced as a tubular lattice braid texture using a 3 D printer with the fused deposition modeling method subsequent to simulation by Rhinoceros software. The produced specimens were composited by polyurethane resin. The composite samples were evaluated by the split disk mechanical test to obtain their hoop stress. The structures of the reinforced composites were theoretically analyzed by ANSYS software. Findings The results of the mechanical test and theoretical analysis showed that the composites reinforced with transversal tubular lattice braid have higher strength compared to the composites reinforced with longitudinal ones. This assured that the composite reinforced by transversal tubular lattice braid is reliable to be used as high-performance tube for different applications. Originality/value Further work is carried out to produce the innovated complex structure continuously by a specially designed machine and fibrous materials to reinforce tubular composites in an industrial continual process to be applied for high-pressure fluids flows.
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Autuori, Giuseppina, Federico Cluni, Vittorio Gusella i Patrizia Pucci. "Mathematical models for nonlocal elastic composite materials". Advances in Nonlinear Analysis 6, nr 4 (1.11.2017): 355–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/anona-2016-0186.
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AbstractIn this paper we derive and solve nonlocal elasticity a model describing the elastic behavior of composite materials, involving the fractional Laplacian operator. In dimension one we consider in (($\mathcal{D}$)) the case of a nonlocal elastic rod restrained at the ends, and we completely solve the problem showing the existence of a unique weak solution and providing natural sufficient conditions under which this solution is actually a classical solution of the problem. For the model (($\mathcal{D}$)) we also perform numerical simulations and a parametric analysis, in order to highlight the response of the rod, in terms of displacements and strains, according to different values of the mechanical characteristics of the material. The main novelty of this approach is the extension of the central difference method by the numerical estimate of the fractional Laplacian operator through a finite-difference quadrature technique. For higher dimensions {N\geq 2} we study more general problems for which the existence of weak solutions is proved via variational methods. The obtained results provide an original contribute in the knowledge of composite materials with properties of nonlocal elasticity.
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Шешин, Evgeniy Sheshin, Денисова i Lyubov Denisova. "RADIATION MODIFYING OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS IN CASE OF GAMMA IRRADIATION". Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 1, nr 12 (11.11.2016): 170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/22802.
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In work researches of mechanisms of radiation oxidation of polymeric composites on the basis of the lead of polystyrene (PS-SS) and polyethylene (PE-SS) filled silikanaty are conducted. In case of gamma irradiation of the filled polymeric composite to growth of an integrated dose there is an increase both concentration of radicals, and content of products of destruction. Depending on an integrated dose and type a polymeric composite also nature of accumulating of radicals changes. So for PS-SS to D = 600 кГр the alkil of R-radical to peroxide of RO2-constitutes the share relation R-/RO2-=2,50 whereas in case of an identical dose increases in PE-SS for RO2 radical (R/RO2=0,83). In case of the maximum concentration of radicals in a reaktoplasts the relation of R/RO2-even more decreases - to 0,67. It is established that in case of rather high values of capacity of a dose extreme value (at most) on dose dependence of change of concentration of macroradicals (R-and RO2-) in the researched composites won´t be shown. The nature of the arising macroradicals like R-and RO2-is closely connected as with kinetics of radical reactions in case of -radiation, and structural and mechanical, diffusive characteristics and type of a polymeric composite.
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Gao, Xingzhong, Amna Siddique, Baozhong Sun i Bohong Gu. "Effect of braiding angle on dynamic mechanical properties of 3-D braided rectangular composites under multiple impact compressions". Journal of Composite Materials 53, nr 13 (17.11.2018): 1827–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318812926.
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This paper reports dynamic mechanical behaviors of 3-D rectangular braided composite with different braiding angles under multi-pulse impact load. The composite materials were prepared with braided preforms which have braiding angles of 15 °, 26° and 37 °, respectively. Impact compression tests were conducted in split Hopkinson pressure bar. High-speed camera system was used to capture damage growth process and a meso-scale finite element model was established to investigate failure mechanisms. We found that the braiding angle has significant effects on damage development, failure mechanisms and ultimate damage morphogenesis. The braided composite with 15° braiding angle shows a linear elastic response at the initial stage of stress–strain curves until the peak load. After the peak load, the composite has brittle failure behaviors, while the composites with 26° and 37° braiding angles exhibit non-linear elastic response at the beginning stage of stress–strain curves and ductile failure mode after yielding points. The composites with different braiding angles demonstrated both distinguished damage development and final fracture morphology. In addition, load-bearing ratio of yarns in composite was also affected by braiding angles.
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Guggenbühl, Simon, Abdulmonem Alshihri, Nadin Al-Haj Husain i Mutlu Özcan. "Adhesion of Resin-Resin and Resin–Lithium Disilicate Ceramic: A Methodological Assessment". Materials 14, nr 14 (11.07.2021): 3870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14143870.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate four test methods on the adhesion of resin composite to resin composite, and resin composite to glass ceramic. Resin composite specimens (N = 180, Quadrant Universal LC) were obtained and distributed randomly to test the adhesion of resin composite material and to ceramic materials (IPS e.max CAD) using one of the four following tests: (a) Macroshear SBT: (n = 30), (b) macrotensile TBT: (n = 30), (c) microshear µSBT: (n = 30) and (d) microtensile µTBT test (n = 6, composite-composite:216 sticks, ceramic-composite:216 sticks). Bonded specimens were stored for 24 h at 23 °C. Bond strength values were measured using a universal testing machine (1 mm/min), and failure types were analysed after debonding. Data were analysed using Univariate and Tukey’s, Bonneferroni post hoc test (α = 0.05). Two-parameter Weibull modulus, scale (m), and shape (0) were calculated. Test method and substrate type significantly affected the bond strength results, as well as their interaction term (p < 0.05). Resin composite to resin composite adhesion using SBT (24.4 ± 5)a, TBT (16.1 ± 4.4)b and µSBT (20.6 ± 7.4)a,b test methods presented significantly lower mean bond values (MPa), compared to µTBT (36.7 ± 8.9)b (p < 0.05). When testing adhesion of glass ceramics to resin composite, µSBT (6.6 ± 1)B showed the lowest and µTBT (24.8 ± 7)C,D the highest test values (MPa) (SBT (14.6 ± 5)A,D and TBT (19.9 ± 5)A,B) (p < 0.05). Resin composite adhesion to ceramic vs. resin composite did show significant difference for the test methods SBT and µTBT (resin composite (24.4 ± 5; 36.7 ± 9 MPa) vs. glass ceramic (14.6 ± 5; 25 ± 7 MPa)) (p > 0.05). Among substrate–test combinations, Weibull distribution presented the highest shape values for ceramic–resin in µSBT (7.6) and resin–resin in µSBT (5.7). Cohesive failures in resin–resin bond were most frequently observed in SBT (87%), followed by TBT (50%) and µSBT (50%), while mixed failures occurred mostly in ceramic–resin bonds in the SBT (100%), TBT (90%), and µSBT (90%) test types. According to Weibull modulus, failure types, and bond strength, µTBT tests might be more reliable for testing resin-based composites adhesion to resin, while µSBT might be more suitable for adhesion testing of resin-based composites to ceramic materials.
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Kaleta, Jerzy, Daniel Lewandowski, Rafał Mech i Paweł Gąsior. "Magnetomechanical Properties of Terfenol-D Powder Composites". Solid State Phenomena 154 (kwiecień 2009): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.154.35.
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In this work the methodology of determining mechanical and magnetomechanical properties (mainly magnetostriction) of original composite material on epoxy resin matrix and powdered Giant Magnetostrictive Material (Terfenol-D) has been presented. Researches were carried out in order to differentiate properties of the GMM composite with two different volume fraction of Terfenol-D powder (35% and 45%) in comparison with bulk Terfenol-D. Results show that composites magnetostriction highly depends on volume fraction of Terfenol-D powder, and it is few times lower than in monolithic material. Moreover a possible ways of application were indicated.
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Stepanova, Mariia, Ilia Averianov, Mikhail Serdobintsev, Iosif Gofman, Natalya Blum, Natalya Semenova, Yuliya Nashchekina i in. "PGlu-Modified Nanocrystalline Cellulose Improves Mechanical Properties, Biocompatibility, and Mineralization of Polyester-Based Composites". Materials 12, nr 20 (21.10.2019): 3435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12203435.
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The development of biocompatible composite materials is in high demand in many fields such as biomedicine, bioengineering, and biotechnology. In this study, two series of poly (D,L-lactide) and poly (ε-caprolactone)-based films filled with neat and modified with poly (glutamic acid) (PGlu) nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) were prepared. An analysis of scanning electron and atomic force microscopies’ results shows that the modification of NCC with poly (glutamic acid) favored the better distribution of the nanofiller in the polymer matrix. Investigating the ability of the developed materials to attract and retain calcium ions led to the conclusion that composites containing NCC modified with PGlu induced better mineralization from model solutions than composites containing neat NCC. Moreover, compared to unmodified NCC, functionalization with PGlu improved the mechanical properties of composite films. The subcutaneous implantation of these composite materials into the backs of rats and the further histological investigation of neighboring tissues revealed the better biocompatibility of polyester materials filled with NCC–PGlu.
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Lin, Sui, Xichen Yu i Wieliang Dai. "Finite Element Analysis of Thermal Stress at the Interface in Plastic/Brittle Multi-Layer Composite Materials". Journal of Mechanical Design 112, nr 1 (1.03.1990): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2912571.
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The thermal stress of a multi-layer composite of plastic/brittle material was studied by the finite element method. High stress is found to be located on the interfaces between the plastic and the brittle material. 1-D and 2-D approaches for the determination of the temperature distributions in the multi-layer composite were examined. The 1-D approach gives an approximate 80 percent of error in temperature and a maximum of 20 percent of error in thermal stress in comparison with the 2-D approach. This suggests that, for a plastic/brittle composite, a 2-D approach for the determination of the temperature distribution should be taken in order to ensure the validity in the determination of both the temperature and stress distributions.
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Bambalaza, Sonwabo E., Buhle S. Xakalashe, Yolindi Coetsee, Pieter G. van Zyl, Xoliswa L. Dyosiba, Nicholas M. Musyoka i Joalet D. Steenkamp. "Co-Carbonization of Discard Coal with Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate towards the Preparation of Metallurgical Coke". Materials 16, nr 7 (30.03.2023): 2782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16072782.
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Waste plastics such as polyethylene terephthalate (w-PET) and stockpiled discard coal (d-coal) pose a global environmental threat as they are disposed of in large quantities as solid waste into landfills and are particularly hazardous due to spontaneous combustion of d-coal that produces greenhouse gases (GHG) and the non-biodegradability of w-PET plastic products. This study reports on the development of a composite material, prepared from w-PET and d-coal, with physical and chemical properties similar to that of metallurgical coke. The w-PET/d-coal composite was synthesized via a co-carbonization process at 700 °C under a constant flow of nitrogen gas. Proximate analysis results showed that a carbonized w-PET/d-coal composite could attain up to 35% improvement in fixed carbon content compared to its d-coal counterpart, such that an initial fixed carbon content of 14–75% in carbonized discard coal could be improved to 49–86% in carbonized w-PET/d-coal composites. The results clearly demonstrate the role of d-coal ash on the degree of thermo-catalytic conversion of w-PET to solid carbon, showing that the yield of carbon derived from w-PET (i.e., c-PET) was proportional to the ash content of d-coal. Furthermore, the chemical and physical characterization of the composition and structure of the c-PET/d-coal composite showed evidence of mainly graphitized carbon and a post-carbonization caking ability similar to that of metallurgical coke. The results obtained in this study show potential for the use of waste raw materials, w-PET and d-coal, towards the development of an eco-friendly reductant with comparable chemical and physical properties to metallurgical coke.
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Bensaid, S., D. Trichet i J. Fouladgar. "3-D Simulation of induction heating of anisotropic composite materials". IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 41, nr 5 (maj 2005): 1568–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2005.845047.
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Manisaran, N., G. Santhan, C. M. Meenakshi i A. Krishnamoorthy. "A Comparative Study on the Effect of Hygrothermal Exposure over the Mechanical Strength of Glass Fiber and Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composites". Asian Journal of Chemistry 31, nr 3 (2019): 687–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.21790.
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A composite material is a combination of two or more different materials and it plays a vital role in a wide range of applications. In automotive and mechanical industries the demand for lighter weight components is increasing day by day. Glass and flax reinforced composites have superior properties such a high tensile strength at any weather conditions. As the composite materials are used in many applications and exposed to harsh environment, the water molecules from the environment may induced in to the material then reinforcements may be affected and which causes damage to the interface bonding. In this work the effect of hygrothermal environment on hybrid fiber reinforced composites are studied, two types of composite laminates are prepared one is glass fiber reinforced composite (GFRC) and the other is glass and flax fiber reinforced hybrid composite (HFRC). Tensile test samples are cut from the laminates prepared as per ASTM D 638 standard and the tensile strength values before and after hygrothermal exposure are identified and compared from the result it is presumed that hybrid materials are showing better resistance towards hygrothermal behaviour compare to mono glass fiber composites.
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Ni’mah, Lailan, M. Rizka Akbari, Ferdi Akhmad Khan i M. Afief Ma’ruf. "Manufacture of fiber composite materials musa acuminate l. prepared by the randomized position with polymer matrix resin". MATEC Web of Conferences 154 (2018): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815401006.
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Composite is a system composed by mixing two or more different materials, in the form and composition of materials that do not dissolve each other. In general, the composite material is a material that has some properties that may not be owned by each component. This study aims to determine the effect of immersion banana fiber in NaOH solution, the composition ratio of the difference between the banana fiber to resin used and find the resistance of composite products produced against the pressure test and tensile test. This study begins with taking fiber banana followed by delignification process to remove lignin in the raw material, then molding composites made with a composition that has been set. The resulting composite will be tested durability to perform pressure tests (ASTM D 695) and a tensile test (ASTM D 638). To test tap on the position of the randomized to the concentration of NaOH 0%, 3%, 5% and 7% respectively, each for 53.716 N/mm 2, 43.184 N/mm 2, 81.724 N/mm 2 and 30.032 N/mm 2. For tensile test on an randomized position with NaOH concentration of 0%, 3%, 5% and 7% respectively, each for 21.519 M.Pa, 18.359 M.Pa, 31.033 M.Pa and 21.064 M.Pa.
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Kim, Cheol, i Sung Hwan Lee. "Complex 3-D Behaviors of Composite Cylinders with 3-D Shape Memory Alloy Actuators". International Journal of Modern Physics B 17, nr 08n09 (10.04.2003): 1851–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979203019770.
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Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are often used in smart materials and structures as the active components. Their ability to provide a high force and large displacement has been useful in many applications, including devices for damage control, active structural acoustic control, dynamic tuning, and shape control. In this paper, the radial displacement control of an externally pressurized elliptic composite cylinder where the SMA strip actuators are bonded on its in and outer surface is investigated numerically. The elliptic composite cylinder with SMAs was designed and analyzed to determine the feasibility of such a system for the removal of stiffeners from externally pressurized stiffened composite stuctures. SMAs start to transform from the martensitic into the austenitic state upon actuation through resistive heating, simultaneously recover the prestrain, and thus cause the composite cylinder to expand in the radial direction. The externally pressurized composite cylinder with the SMA actuators was analyzed using the 3-D finite element method.
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Shih, Yeng Fong, Wan Ling Tsai i Saprini Hamdiani. "An Environmentally Friendly Recycled-Polyethylene Composite Reinforced by Diatomaceous Earth and Wood Fiber". Key Engineering Materials 889 (16.06.2021): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.889.15.
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This study aims to develop a new wood-plastic composite (WPC) material from recycled thermoplasctics. The recycled low-density polyethylene (rLDPE) and high-density polyethylene (rHDPE) were used as matrix, whereas the diatomaceous earth waste (D) and wood fiber (WF) as filler. Recycled-LDPE and rHDPE were recovered and pelletized by a plastic recycling process. The 10-30wt.% diatomaceous earth waste was heat-treated at 200°C to remove impurities. The diatomaceous earth, maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAPE), CaCO3, slip agent, antioxidants and WF were then mixed at 160°C, for 10 minutes, at stirring speed 50 rpm to produce wood-plastic composite material. The mechanical strength and thermal properties of the composites were investigated. The composite containing D and rLDPE results in an increase the hardness of the material which is higher than that of the virgin-LDPE. The tensile and impact strengths of the composite material prepared by rLDPE and D were higher than those of the rHDPE composite material. It is found that LDPE has excellent fluidity, which is helpful for subsequent processing. In addition, the diatomaceous earth waste can be used to reduce the cost of the raw material, and the product has both effects of environmental protection and marketability.
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Chen, Lei, Yao Wang, Tianhong Luo, Yongkang Zou i Zhongjie Wan. "The Study of Magnetoimpedance Effect for Magnetoelectric Laminate Composites with Different Magnetostrictive Layers". Materials 14, nr 21 (25.10.2021): 6397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14216397.
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The rectangular magnetoelectric (ME) composites of Metglas/PZT and Terfenol-D/PZT are prepared, and the effects of a magnetostrictive layer’s material characteristics on the magnetoimpedance of ME composite are discussed and experimentally investigated. The theoretical analyses show that the impedance is not only dependent on Young’s modulus and the magnetostrictive strain of magnetostrictive material but is also influenced by its relative permeability. Compared with Terfenol-D, Metglas possesses significantly higher magnetic permeability and larger magnetostrictive strain at quite low Hdc due to the small saturation field, resulting in the larger magnetoimpedance ratio. The experimental results demonstrate that the maximum magnetoimpedance ratios (i.e., ΔZ/Z) of Metglas/PZT composite are about 605.24% and 239.98% at the antiresonance and resonance, respectively. Specifically, the maximum ΔZ/Z of Metglas/PZT is 8.6 times as high as that of Terfenol-D/PZT at the antiresonance. Such results provide the fundamental guidance in the design and fabrication of novel multifunction devices based on the magnetoimpedance effect of ME composites.
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Henry Widya Prasetya, Dadang Sanjaya Atmaja i Ilham Satrio Utomo. "Pengaruh Susunan Laminasi Serat Gelas Terhadap Kekuatan Tarik Komposit Untuk Bodi Lori Inspeksi". V-MAC (Virtual of Mechanical Engineering Article) 5, nr 2 (25.11.2020): 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36526/v-mac.v5i2.1061.
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Composite material is a type of new, engineered material consisting of two or more materials where the properties of each material differ from one another both in chemical and physical properties and remain separate in the final material. Composite materials have many advantages, one of which is lighter weight and corrosion resistance. In this study, composites made from glass fiber were carried out with variations in the arrangement of laminates, in order to select the material which was then applied to the manufacture of the inspection lorry body. Composites were made using the hand lay-up method. Tensile test specimens made according to ASTM D-638. The results of the tensile test show that the highest tensile strength of glass fiber composite material for the inspection lorry body is 5.45 MPa and the lowest tensile strength is 4.62 MPa.
Keyword: composite, glass fiber, tensile test, inspection lorry
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Djafar, Z., N. Azis i Z. Djafar. "Ramie Fiber Woven Composite: The Effect of Number of Layers of Woven Fibers on the Thrust Force in the Drilling Process". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2739, nr 1 (1.04.2024): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2739/1/012033.
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Abstract Composite material is a combination of two or more materials to obtain better properties and capabilities of the constituent materials. Applications for the use of composites can now be found in industrial equipment to household appliances. To produce these products required machining process. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the number of layers of woven fiber and the diameter of the drill bit on the thrust of the ramie woven fiber composite in the machining process. The research method was based on ASTM D 5766/D 5766M-02 (Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength Open Hole Laminated Polymer Matrix Composites), the method of making composite material specimens using the hand lay-up method, and the drilling process was carried out with various machining parameters such as composite thickness with variations of 3 layers, 4 layers, 5 layers, and without layers (0 layers). The maximum thrust value obtained was 153.54 ± 3.3 N, with 5 layers of hemp fiber reinforcement, the highest feed rate was 0.15 mm/rev, and the lowest spindle speed was 88 rpm, while the minimum thrust value was 29.52. ± 3.12 N with 0 layers of ramie fiber reinforcement, and the lowest feed rate is 0.05 mm/rev with the highest spindle speed of 1500 rpm.
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Xiaoyu, Jiang, i Kong Xiangan. "Computer Simulation of 3-D Random Distribution of Short Fibers in Metal Matrix Composite Materials". Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 121, nr 3 (1.07.1999): 386–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2812391.
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In this paper, the microstructure of “Saffil”-Al2O3 short fiber reinforced Al-Mg5.5 metal matrix composite material is simulated by computer. In the simulation it is taken into account of that the lengths, diameters, orientations, and locations of short fibers, etc. For the 3-D randomly distributed short fibers in composite materials, the typical distributions of short fiber microstructures on different planes are obtained for different short fiber volume fractions. The microstructural effects of average fiber length, diameter and their standard deviations on the overall strength of metal matrix composite materials are analyzed. From the short fiber microstructural distribution in metal matrix composite materials, the short fiber diameter coefficient ξd and short fiber length coefficient ξ1 are obtained for different standard deviations σd and σl, respectively. The short fiber orientation coefficient ξa is obtained, also. The results of these coefficients may be useful to the manufacture and use of short fiber reinforced composite materials. Considering these coefficients ξa ξd and ξl, the improved formula is given for the direct calculation of overall strength of short fibers reinforced composite materials. The improved formula may reflect the microstructural characteristics of short fibers reinforced composite materials.
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Senthil Kumar, S., Gundluru Mahammad Wahab, Lekkala Yuva Srinivas, Aumalasetty Jaswanth i Guddeti Rama Thulasi Reddy. "Developments in 3D Printable Composite Material". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2054, nr 1 (1.10.2021): 012073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2054/1/012073.
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Abstract The generic printing materials based on the filament with the proper unique properties In recent years 3-D technology has become one of mostly used prototype methods for various applications. 3-d printing technology was now adopted in many areas of research and development sectors these technology was increasing the demand of improvement and this properties of verifying and by blending the materials exhibited using varies properties to for manufacturing high performance composites. In day-to-day-life composites have already utilized as a wide range of applications which included in manufacturing of the biomedical components, mechanical components and electrical. The 3-D printed composites were manufactured till the ability range of manufacturing complex-shapes and the geo-metrical shapes in the low cost production and the advantages in the prototypes this review causes all the recent developments, reports and properties of developing the 3-D printable materials have been modifies either by the nano-particles, fibres and other polymers in the field of mechanical and electrical sectors.
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Sabarinathan, P., VE Annamalai, K. Rajkumar i K. Vishal. "Effects of recovered brown alumina filler loading on mechanical, hygrothermal and thermal properties of glass fiber–reinforced epoxy polymer composite". Polymers and Polymer Composites 29, nr 9_suppl (23.09.2021): S1092—S1102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09673911211046780.
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This study investigates the efficiency of recovered brown alumina (RBA) particles filled in epoxy glass-fiber composites. The RBA particles were obtained from grinding wheel rejects with the help of the mechanical crushing process. Recovered particles finer than 120 grit were used as particulate filler for composite preparation. Composites were processed through a hand-layup technique by varying RBA filler loading percentages (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt.%) in a glass fiber–reinforced epoxy matrix. Physical, mechanical, water absorption, and thermal properties of the composites were tested experimentally. By suitable addition of RBA, it is possible to tailor the shore-D hardness, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and maximum degradation temperature. The 20%-filled RBA composite shows the maximum flexural strength of 382 MPa, and the shore-D hardness value was 85. The fracture surface shows a failure mechanism dominated by matrix cracking and debonding of fiber/particles from the interface. Hygrothermal testing of the RBA20-filled composite reveals 9% and 4% reduction in tensile and flexural properties. The thermal stability of the glass fiber–reinforced composite improves as the filler percentage increases. Maximum thermal stability of 435°C was observed in 20%-filled RBA polymer composite.
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Chethan, G., K. C. Sunil, Mahagundappa R. Maddani i Y. Narayana. "A Study on Shore D Hardness of Areca Husk Fibre Reinforced Polyester Resin Composite: Impact of Fibre Maturity". Materials Science Forum 1111 (22.12.2023): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-inpop0.
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Areca husk fibre is an agro-waste natural fibre that can be used in reinforced resin composites due to its low density, low cost and higher mechanical strength. Hard composites have applications in the packing industry and automobile industries. Over the years, researchers have been trying to develop lightweight, cheaper and efficient materials for them in daily life. In the present study, the Shore-D hardness level of chemically surface-modified unripe and ripe Areca Husk Fiber (AHF) reinforced polyester resin composites have been investigated. The unripe and ripe AHF are chemically treated through mercerization, potassium permanganate treatment, benzoylation, acrylation and acetylation methodologies to change their fibre-matrix bonding ability. The composites of chemically treated unripe and ripe AHF-reinforced polyester resin composites are fabricated, polyester resin as matrix material and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKPO) as a hardener. The Shore-D analysis was carried out to study the hardness properties of the composites. In conclusion, The acrylation treated AHF polyester resin composite shows a better harness among the other chemically treatments. Although, the fibre maturity of AHF increases the composite hardness except for benzoylation and acetylation chemical treatments. AHF-reinforced polyester resins can be used as hard materials in various applications such as automobile sectors, the packaging industry and more.
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Guo, Jian-Min, Li-Ying Gong i Yan Liu. "Characteristic analysis of carbon nanotube thread embedded into three-dimensional braided composite under bending load". Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 24, nr 5 (26.09.2017): 791–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2015-0447.
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AbstractIn this paper, we introduce an embedded method of carbon nanotube threads (CNTs) in three-dimensional (3-D) braided composite material preform. We investigate the strain sensing properties of CNTs embedded into 3-D braided composites using three-point bend test under different loads. The resistance change rate properties of CNTs in composites under tensile and compressive loading are analyzed in detail. Experimental results show that in the three-point bending process, the resistance of CNTs exponentially increases with the increase of strain until the specimen loading to fracture. Moreover, the residual resistance of CNTs has been observed after unloading. Our experiments have shown that structure health status of 3-D braided composites can be sensed and monitored in real-time using CNTs sensor under bending load. This study provides an experimental basis to lay the foundation for the structural health monitoring system construction of 3-D braided composites.
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Dong, Wei Gou, i Hai Ling Song. "Transverse Impact and Tensile Behavior of the Three-Dimensional Woven Fabric Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites". Advanced Materials Research 129-131 (sierpień 2010): 1238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.129-131.1238.
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Two forms of perform were prepared by a Glass fiber/Polypropylene fiber commingled yarn. One was a three-dimensional woven fabric with an angle-interlock structure, and another was a two-dimensional plain woven fabric laminate. The three-dimensional woven fabric reinforced thermoplastic composites(3-DWRC) and two-dimensional woven fabric reinforced thermoplastic composites(2-DWRC) were fabricated by hot-press process. The Impact and tensile performances of both 3-DWRC and 2-DWRC were examined. Compared to the 2-DWRC, the 3-DWRC have better impact properties, the energy required to initiate cracks, the threshold force of the first oscillation and maximum load increased by 41.90%, 54.41%, 38.75% respectively under the low-energy impact conditions. The tensile tests shown that the 3-DWRC presented batter fracture toughness than the 2-DWRC. The use of thermoplastic composites is growing rapidly because of their excellent properties, a high toughness and damage tolerance, short processing cycles, and the ability to be reprocessed. But thermoplastic materials usually have a difficulty to impregnate between reinforcing fibers, due to high melt polymer viscosity. It is a technology innovation that the commingled yarns composed of reinforced fibers and thermoplastic fibers are used as prepreg for thermoplastic composite materials. Because thermoplastic fiber and reinforced fiber are closely combined, which reduces distances of resin’s infiltration, this can effectively overcome the difficulties of resin’s impregnation. The commingled yarns can be woven and knitted, and can facilitate the processing of complex structural composites. Three-dimensional fabrics reinforced composites are ideal materials with excellent integrity because it is linked with yarns between layers. Its shearing strength between layers, damage tolerance and reliability are better than the two-dimensional fabric laminated composites. At present, the researches of thermoplastic materials with two-dimensional fabric reinforced structure made from commingled yarns are much more, such as manufacturing technology, material properties ,effects of process conditions on properties, relationship between structures and properties, and so on [1-8]. However, only a few studies appear in literature on the structure-property relationships of three-dimensional fabric reinforced thermoplastic composite materials made of commingled yarns [9-10]. Byun, Hyung Joon et al. [9] undertook the impact test and the tensile test on 3-D woven thermoplastic composite materials and 2-D plain woven laminate which is made by CF/PEEK mixed yarn. Dong Weiguo and Huang Gu[10] studied the porosity, tensile and bending properties on 3-D woven thermoplastic composites which make from core-spun yarn containing glass fibers and polypropylene fibers. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact behavior of and tensile properties of 3-D woven fabric thermoplastic composites made by a GF/PP commingled yarns. Attempts was made to identify the damage mode of the 3-D woven fabric thermoplastic composites under the low energy impact and tensile conditions.
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Fakhrudi, Yoga Ahdiat, Kholis Nur Faidzin i Rahayu Mekar Bisono. "Effect of Composite Composition on Mechanical Properties of Banana Fiber Composites with Epoxy Matrix for Functional Materials". International Journal of Science, Engineering and Information Technology 6, nr 2 (31.07.2022): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/ijseit.v6i2.15804.
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Technological developments and the influence of globalization have an impact on increasing the need for the amount of material for industry. The many disadvantages of metal materials due to their large mass, difficult manufacturing processes, corrosive properties, and high production costs have resulted in reduced use of metal materials in various products. Nowadays, there are many replacement materials with mechanical properties that can resemble metal materials such as composites. The role of composites is very important in the development of today's industrial world. This study wanted to determine the effect of the composite composition of rias banana fiber and teak sawdust with epoxy resin on the mechanical properties of the composite. The results showed that the comparison of the composition of the composite using rias banana fiber and teak sawdust with an epoxy matrix had an effect on the mechanical properties. Increasing the percentage of resin composition increases the value of the surface hardness of the composite. The highest level of Rockwell hardness with a value of 117 HRB in sample D and the lowest 109 HRB in sample A. While the highest max strength value was produced by sample C with a composition of teak sawdust: rias banana fiber: epoxy is 20% : 40% : 40 %. The conclusion of this research is the more resin composition will increase the composite hardness test value.
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Iqbal, Ubaid, Haiqa Shabir i Sania Iqbal. "Comparison of the Flexural Strength of Four Core Built up Materials". Annals of International Medical and Dental Research 9, nr 1 (luty 2023): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.53339/aimdr.2023.9.1.4.
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The aim of this study is to compare the flexural strength of 4 commonly used core build up materials in clinics. Four core built up materials, a cermet cement (ketac silver), a light cure composite, conventional silver amalgam (control group) and zirconomer (zirconia reinforced GIC) were used and were divided into Group A, B and C and D respectively. The root canal of 90 extracted mandibular molars with similar anatomy and morphology were selected. Highest flexural strength was shown by Group A followed by group C, group B and then group D.
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Wang, Shao Kai, Min Li, Yi Zhuo Gu, Zuo Guang Zhang i Bo Ming Wu. "Mechanical Reinforcement of Three-Dimensional Spacer Fabric Composites". Materials Science Forum 654-656 (czerwiec 2010): 2604–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.2604.
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Three-dimensional (3-D) spacer fabric composite is a novel lightweight sandwich structure, the reinforcement of which is integrally woven with two facesheets connected by continuous fibers (named piles) in the core. Usually the 3-D spacer fabric composite without extra reinforcement is called mono-spacer fabric composite, which provides outstanding facesheet / core debonding resistance. However, its mechanical properties cannot meet the demand of structure application because of the thin facesheet and low load-bearing capacity of high piles. Hence, two reinforcement methods were developed by laminating additional weaves at the facesheet and filling foam materials in the core to strengthen the facesheet and piles, respectively. This paper aims to investigate the influences of reinforcement methods on the mechanical behaviors and damage modes of 3-D spacer fabric composites under flatwise compressive, shear, edgewise compressive and three-point bending loads, by comparing with mono-spacer fabric composites. The results indicate that additional weaves reinforcement can enhance edgewise compressive and flexural properties effectively. Foam filling is one of the best options to improve the flatwise compressive and shear properties, and especially, there are synergistic effects between piles and foam under flatwise compressive load. Besides, the failure modes of reinforced and mono-spacer fabric composites are different.
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Lee, Jin-Woo, Kwangin Kim, Sher Bahadar Khan, Patrick Han, Jongchul Seo, Wonbong Jang i Haksoo Han. "Synthesis, Characterization, and Thermal and Proton Conductivity Evaluation of 2,5-Polybenzimidazole Composite Membranes". Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/460232.
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In this contribution, composite membranes (CM-D and CM-S) of 2,5-polybenzimidazole (PBI) were synthesized by adding inorganic heteropoly acids (IHA-D and IHA-S). IHA-D and IHA-S were synthesized by condensation reaction of silicotungstic acid with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in the absence and presence of mesoporous silica (SiO2), respectively. The synthesized composites were structurally and morphologically characterized and further investigated the functional relationships between the materials structure and proton conductivity. The proton conductivity as well as thermal stability was found to be higher for composite membranes which suggest that both properties are highly contingent on mesoporous silica. The composite membrane with mesoporous silica shows high thermal properties and proton conductivity. IHA-D shows proton conductivity of almost1.48×10-1 Scm−1while IHA-S exhibited2.06×10-1 Scm−1in nonhumidity imposing condition (150°C) which is higher than pure PBI. Thus introduction of inorganic heteropoly acid to PBI is functionally preferable as it results in increase of ion conductivity of PBI and can be better candidates for high temperature PEMFC.
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Venkateswaran, K., M. Kamaraj i K. Prasad Rao. "D-16 INFLUENCE OF Fe_3Al INTERMETALLIC PARTICLES ON WEAR BEHAVIOR OF PM Fe-BASED COMPOSITE MATERIALS(Session: Wear)". Proceedings of the Asian Symposium on Materials and Processing 2006 (2006): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeasmp.2006.85.
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Essaket, Soukaina, Mohamed Idiri, Adil Eddiai Eddiai, Dounia El Fadlaoui, Brahim Boubeker i Fatima Ezahra Ihfa. "Numerical Simulation of Magnetoelectric Composite for Power Supply of Small Biomedical Devices". International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology 10, nr 3 (4.08.2023): 3115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15379/ijmst.v10i3.3029.
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This paper introduces a comparative numerical modeling and simulation study of a smart composite material combining piezoelectric ceramics Terfenol-D/GFRP/PZT-5H and Terfenol-D/PZT-5H. The remarkable combination of high output voltage coefficients and substantial power output positions this composite as an ideal candidate for energy transduction applications, particularly in wireless power devices within the field of biomedical applications. Additionally, we explored the potential of PZT-5A to evaluate the feasibility of modeling both piezoelectric and magnetostrictive self-sensing responses under the influence of applied stress. This numerical investigation was complemented by a series of mechanical tests aimed at characterizing the piezoelectric and magnetostrictive responses, as well as the material's mechanical strength.The results obtained demonstrate the successful accomplishment of active vibration control through the development of a smart self-sensing composite material. This composite harnesses the piezoelectric properties of PZT-5A ceramics and the magnetostrictive properties of Terfenol-D. The remarkable combination of a high output voltage coefficient and substantial power output positions this composite as an exceptional candidate for energy transduction applications, particularly in the realm of biomedical devices requiring wireless power. Specifically, Terfenol-D/GFRP/PZT-5H composite materials show promise for enhancing wireless powering solutions in biomedical applications
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Erdoğdu, Yusuf Eren, Engin Eren Korkmaz i Şemsettin Temiz. "Effect of graphene nanoplatelet filling on mechanical properties of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites". Materials Testing 63, nr 4 (1.04.2021): 322–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mt-2020-0046.
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Abstract In this study, the mechanical properties of plain woven jute-epoxy composite materials were investigated after filling graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) in different proportions. The time dependent changes in the viscosity and temperature of unfilled epoxy resin, with 0.5, 1 and 2 wt.-% graphene nanoplatelets filled epoxy resins were observed. Woven jute reinforced unfilled, 0.5 wt.-% GNPs filled and 1 wt.-% GNPs filled epoxy composite plates were produced by using vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) at the same waiting and processing times. Specimens were prepared and subjected to tensile and flexural tests according to ASTM D 3039 and ASTM D 790 standards, respectively. Images were taken and evaluated with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) in areas where tensile damage occurred. It was observed that the gap amount between the fiber and the matrix increased and the interface adhesion decreased as the fill amount increased in the composites produced. The testing results indicated that the tensile and flexural properties of composites decreased at 0.5 wt.-% and 1 wt.-% during the GNPs loading as compared to unfilled composites.
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Prabhu Stalin, J. R., I. Jenish i S. Indran. "Tribological Charecterization of Carbon Epoxy Composite Materials with Particulate Silane Treated SiC Fillers". Advanced Materials Research 984-985 (lipiec 2014): 331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.984-985.331.
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The polymeric matrix Composite Materials is widely used for automotive and aeronautical industry applications due to its superior properties. The tribological properties of the Carbon Epoxy Composites with 5% of silane treated SiC and 10% of silane treated SiC which were added separately and it has been investigated experimentally by the dry sliding wear test using the Pin-on-Disc type wear test rig. The main parameters Sliding Speed (S), Applied Load (L) and Sliding Distance (D) which were considered for the experimental investigation and evaluated the dry sliding wear characteristics of composites. Under increased levels of loads and sliding velocity conditions higher wear loss was noted. The coefficient of friction values from the result shown that the increased value with addition in load and also sliding velocity. It results was compared that the Carbon Epoxy Composites containing ST - SiC Fillers having lower Coefficient of Friction than plain Carbon Epoxy Composites. From the observations maximum wear resistance were found and discussed.
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Rojas-Díaz, R., Felipe García-Sánchez, Andrés Sáez i Chuan Zeng Zhang. "Fracture Analysis of Magnetoelectroelastic Composite Materials". Key Engineering Materials 348-349 (wrzesień 2007): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.348-349.69.
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This paper presents a crack analysis of linear magnetoelectroelastic materials subjected to static loading conditions. To this end, an efficient boundary element method (BEM) is developed. Unlike many previous investigations published in literature, two-dimensional (2-D) linear magnetoelectroelastic materials possessing fully coupled piezoelectric, piezomagnetic and magnetoelectric effects are considered in this paper. A combination of the displacement BEM and the traction BEM is used in the present formulation. The displacement BEM is applied for the external boundary of the cracked solid, while the traction BEM is used for the crack-faces. A regularization technique is implemented to compute the strongly singular and hypersingular boundary integrals in the BEM. The electric displacement intensity factor (EDIF), the magnetic induction intensity factor (MIIF), the stress intensity factors (SIF), the mechanical strain energy release rate (MSERR) and the total energy release rate (TERR) are evaluated directly from the computed nodal values at discontinuous quarter point elements placed next to the crack tip. The accuracy of the BEM is verified by analytical solutions known in literature. Results are presented for a branched crack in a bending specimen subjected to combined magnetic-electric-mechanical loading conditions.
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Filatovs, G. J., R. L. Sadler i Aly H. M. El-Shiekh. "Fracture Behavior of a 3-D Braid Graphite/Epoxy Composite". Journal of Composite Materials 28, nr 6 (kwiecień 1994): 526–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002199839402800603.
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An exploratory study of the fracture behavior and notch sensitivity of a 4-step, 3-D braid-reinforced graphite/epoxy composite has been made. Test methods based on the Mode I compact tension specimen were developed and lower bounds for the damage initiating force and the work of fracture were determined for certain notch-to-braid axis orientations. These values are higher than for laminate composites but showed severe anisotropy. Complementary in-situ and post-mortem optical and scanning electron microscopy were used to identify microstructural failure controlling features and to develop a volume-to-surface structural mapping strategy useful in accounting for some of the observed features of the failure process.
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Wang, Qing Yun, Wei Ping Shen i Ming Liang Ma. "Mean and Instantaneous Thermal Expansion of Uncoated and Ti Coated Diamond/Copper Composite Materials". Advanced Materials Research 702 (maj 2013): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.702.202.
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Heat sink materials not only should have higher thermal conductivity, but also have smaller difference of thermal expansion with cooled material. diamond/copper composites were made by the powder metallurgy method. Vacuum slowly vapor deposition technique was employed to deposit a titanium film on diamond particles before mixing with Cu powder in order to improve the bonding strength between Cu and diamond particles during sintering. The thermal expansion of diamond/Cu d composite was measured in the temperature range from 50 to 600 °C. The results show that the titanium film on diamond improves the interfacial bonding and reduces the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of Cu/diamond composites. The CTE of diamond/Cu composites decreases with increasing diamond volume fraction as the results of mixture rule and the intense restriction effect of diamond reinforcement on the copper matrix. The residual stresses and pores in the composites affect instantaneous thermal expansion of diamond/Cu composites.
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Rodrigues, Raphaela Farias, Suellen Scarcelli Senna, Ana Flávia Soares, Rafael Lia Mondelli, Paulo Silveira Francisconi i Ana Flávia Sanches Borges. "Marginal adaptation in proximal cavities restored with composites and other materials". Brazilian Dental Science 20, nr 4 (15.12.2017): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/bds.2017.v20i4.1441.
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<p><strong>Objective</strong>: To evaluate the marginal adaptation, in enamel (E) and dentin (D), of composite resin (CR) associated with flowable resin composite (flow), bulk fill flowable base (bulk) and resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) in slot cavities. <strong>Material and Methods</strong>: The study was conducted after approval (Protocol No. 21148413.4.0000.5417) from Ethics Committee. Forty extracted human molar teeth were randomly assigned in eight experimental groups: E-CR, E-BULK, E-FLOW, E-RMGIC, D-CR, D-BULK, D-FLOW, D-RMGIC. The occlusal surface was planned, two slot cavities with standard sizes (depth: 2.0 mm, height: 2.5 mm, width: 2.0 mm) were created on a machine for making cavities. The teeth were restored and after 24h subjected to 2000 cyclic loading and sectioned for analysis of marginal adaptation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The micrographs were analyzed with the Image J program to measure the size of marginal gaps. The data were transformed into percentages (%GAPS = LG ÷ LM × 100) and analyzed by 2-way ANOVA followed by the post hoc Tukey test (α=0.05). <strong>Results</strong>: There was a significant difference between different treatments (<em>p<0.01</em>). The groups E-RMGIC (<em>p=0.001</em>) and D-RMGIC (<em>p=0</em>) had the highest percentage of marginal gap. Others groups showed similar percentage of marginal gap <em>(p>0.05)</em>. <strong>Conclusions</strong>: It was concluded that restorations with flowable composite resin and bulk fill liners exhibit the same behavior, but the RMGIC liner increased marginal gap.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Composite resins; Dental marginal adaptation; Glass ionomer cements.</p>
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Shi Zhan, Chen Lai-Zhu, Tong Yong-Shuai, Zheng Zhi-Bin, Yang Shui-Yuan, Wang Cui-Ping i Liu Xing-Jun. "Phase drift of magnetoelectric effect in Terfenol-D/PZT composite materials". Acta Physica Sinica 62, nr 1 (2013): 017501. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.62.017501.
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