Artykuły w czasopismach: „Composite bonded joints”

1

Hart-Smith, L. J. "Bonded-bolted composite joints". Journal of Aircraft 22, nr 11 (listopad 1985): 993–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.45237.

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Ghoneam, S. M., A. A. Hamada i M. I. El-Elamy. "Experimental and Analytical Investigations of the Dynamic Analysis of Adhesively Bonded Joints for Composite Structures". Solid State Phenomena 147-149 (styczeń 2009): 663–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.147-149.663.

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Adhesively bonded joints are used extensively in various industries. Some imperfections like holes, thermal residual stresses occurring in the bolted, welded, riveted, and soldered joints don't take place in adhesively bonded joints. Hence, the main advantages of bonded joint are lightness, sealing, corrosion resistance, heat and sound isolation, damping, and quickly mounting facility which have been highly proved. This paper introduces an attempt to study the dynamic analysis of adhesively bonded joint for composite structures to investigate mainly the influences of lamina code number, bonded adhesive line configuration and boundary condition on the dynamic behavior of the test specimens containing composite assembly. The numerical based on the use of finite element model (FEM) modified by introducing unified mechanical properties are represented and applied to compute efficiently the Eigen-nature for composite bonded structures. The experimental tests are conducted to investigate such adhesive bonded joints using two different techniques. The first technique includes an ultrasonic technique in which the magnetostractive pulse echo delay-line for material characterization of composite material is used. The second technique is bassed on the use of the frequency response function method (FRF) applying the hammering method. The comparison between the numerical and experimental results proves that the suggested finite element models of the composite structural beams with bonded joints provide an efficient by accurate tool for the dynamic analysis of adhesive bonded joints. The damping capacity is inversely proportional to the stiffness of the bonded joint specimens. The type of the proportionality depends mainly on the bond line configuration type, lamina orientation, and boundary conditions. This in turn enables an accurate evaluation for selecting the proper characteristics of the specimens for controlling the present damping capacity and the proper resistance against deformation during the operating process. The present study provides an efficient non-destructive technique for the prediction of dynamic properties for an adhesive bonded joint for the studied composite structure systems. The coordination of the experimental and numerical techniques makes it possible to find an efficient tool for studying the dynamic performance of adhesively bonded joint for composite structures.

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Lokhande, Rupesh, Abhijeet Deshpande i Ashok Mache. "Taguchi Analysis of Bonded Single-Lap Joint in Hemp Fiber Composite". International Journal of Engineering Technology and Sciences 3, nr 1 (30.06.2016): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijets.5.2016.1.4.1043.

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The adhesively bonded joints in composite structures are widely used in aerospace and automobile fields. Hemp epoxy composites are better alternative due to its lower specific gravity and higher toughness. . The joining process is inevitable in the application of such composites. The mechanical behaviour of such joints depends on the strength of the composite, adhesive strength and adhesion phenomenon between substrate and adhesive. The influence of overlap length, adhesive layer thickness and cure temperature on the performance of adhesive joints investigated experimentally. The influence of these parameters on the static behaviour of the joint was studied using design of experiment approach. L9 orthogonal array was used for experimental design. It was found that cure temperature of adhesive predominantly governs joint behaviour followed by adhesive layer thickness and overlap length. To obtain joint strength in the working limits, an empirical relationship between governing parameters and response was developed. Through the analysis it was observed that optimum strength of bonded joint was obtained with overlap length of 25 mm, adhesive layer thickness of 0.5 mm and cure temperature of 500C.

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Liu, Longquan. "A study of the damage tolerance of composite-metal hybrid joints reinforced by multiple and penetrative thin pins". Composites and Advanced Materials 31 (styczeń 2022): 263498332211055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26349833221105523.

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The application of adhesive bonding technology in aircraft structures can reduce the total wight greatly, but the bonded joints are very sensitive to the possible manufacturing defects and damages during service operations, which makes them difficult to meet the damage tolerance requirements of the current transport airplane structures. In this study, the damage tolerance of composite-metal hybrid joints reinforced by multiple and penetrative thin pins was studied. The damage tolerance performance of the composite-metal joint is supposed to be enhanced by multiple through-the-thickness penetrative thin reinforcements in the bonding region, and the thin reinforcements were bonded together with both the composite and metallic joint plates. Both experimental tests and finite element simulations were conducted to investigate the effects of the through-the-thickness reinforcements on the damage tolerance performance of the joints with and without pre-fabricated disbond defects. Through the comparative analyses, it was found that the penetrative thin pins in the bonding region significantly improved the static load carrying capacity, the failure strain, the fracture energy, and the fatigue lives of the composite-metal bonded joints. Moreover, the reinforcements decreased the sensitivity of the bonded joints to the disbond defects in the bonding region. The damage tolerance performance of the composite-metal adhesively bonded joints was significantly increased by the through-the-thickness penetrative reinforcements and the enhancement mechanism was revealed by the combined analysis of test results and simulation results.

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ATMAKURI, Ayyappa, Arvydas PALEVICIUS, Madhusudan SIDDABATHULA i Giedrius JANUŠAS. "Failure Studies on Adhesive Bonded and Bolted Joints of Natural Fiber Composites". Mechanics 27, nr 5 (12.10.2021): 392–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j02.mech.28108.

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Composites with natural fibers as reinforcements are playing a vital role in recent developments. The present work deals with the fabrication of okra and empty fruit bunch banana fiber polyester matrix composites with varying reinforcement content (5%, 10%, and 15%). Composites were fabricated by using the hand layup technique. After the fabrication process, composites were then adhesively bonded and also joined with bolts. The main objective of this work is to analyse the failure studies on adhesive bonded and bolted joints of okra and empty fruit bunch banana composite specimens. The specimens were tested under tensile load, flexural creep studies, and SEM analysis. It has been observed that empty fruit bunch banana fiber composites exhibited better joint strength properties under tensile loading when compared to the okra fiber composites. To estimate the flexural creep behaviour, all the samples were tested at a constant load of 2.5kg and 5kg. The deflections obtained during regular time intervals (four months) were noted. The presence of internal defects and void content was observed by using the scanning electron microscope. The results showed that adhesive-bonded composites were exhibited less deflection compared to the bolted joints. The empty fruit banana fiber composites exhibited higher creep than okra fiber composites. Decreased creep with the increased fiber has been observed in both cases. SEM Adhesively bonded joints possessing better sustainability as compared to the bolted joints in both the fiber-reinforced composites.

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Ramezani, Farin, Beatriz D. Simões, Ricardo J. C. Carbas, Eduardo A. S. Marques i Lucas F. M. da Silva. "Developments in Laminate Modification of Adhesively Bonded Composite Joints". Materials 16, nr 2 (6.01.2023): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16020568.

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The use of carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials is increasing in many different industries, such as those operating in the aviation, marine, and automotive sectors. In these applications, composite parts are often joined with other composite or metallic parts, where adhesive bonding plays a key role. Unlike conventional joining methods, adhesive bonding does not add weight or require the drilling of holes, both of which are major sources of stress concentration. The performance of a composite joint is dependent on multiple factors and can be improved by modifying the adhesive layer or the composite layup of the adherend. Moreover, joint geometry, surface preparation, and the manufacturing methods used for production are also important factors. The present work reviews recent developments on the design and manufacture of adhesively bonded joints with composite substrates, with particular interest in adherend modification techniques. The effects of stacking sequence, use of thin-plies, composite metal laminates and its specific surface preparations, and the use of toughened surface layers in the composite adherends are described for adhesively bonded CFRP structures.

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Kim, Won Seock, i Jung Ju Lee. "Interfacial Fracture Analysis of Adhesive-Bonded Joints". Advanced Materials Research 33-37 (marzec 2008): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.33-37.327.

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The failure in an adhesive-bonded structure starts at the interface, and the interfacial fracture is of interest whenever adhesion between different materials is concerned. One of primary factors limiting the application of adhesive-bonded joints to structural design is the lack of a good evaluation tool for adhesion strength to predict the load-bearing capacity of boned joints. The adhesion strength of composite/steel bonding has been evaluated using interfacial fracture mechanics characterization. The energy release rate of a composite/steel interfacial crack was compared with the fracture toughness of the interface, which was measured from bi-material end notched flexure (ENF) specimens, to predict the failure loads of bi-material lap joints. Fracture toughness, IIc G , was regarded as a property of the interface rather than a property of the adhesive. The results show that interfacial fracture mechanics characterization of adhesion strength can be a practical engineering tool for predicting the load-bearing capacities of adhesive-bonded joints.

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Qin, Tian Liang, Li Bin Zhao i Hai Huang. "Damage Investigation and Design of Woven Composite Bonded Joint". Key Engineering Materials 417-418 (październik 2009): 861–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.417-418.861.

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Non-plane joints, such as T-joints, L-joints and  shaped joint can bring enormous potential benefits from the reduction of the fastener and the part count, which lead to the dramatic decrease of assemble cost and primary structural weight in composite structures. To understand the mechanistic character of the  joint, a 3-D finite element analysis model is established by means of software ABAQUS. The stresses on ply level and the predictions on the damage onset of 3-D woven composite π joint under tensile load are obtained. Numerical results agree well with empirical data. The effects of structural geometry parameters, such as support length, support thickness and radius of the corner, are also discussed. Results illustrated that increasing the thickness of L preform or filler radius can improve the strength of woven composite π joint effectively.

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Asgari Mehrabadi, Farhad. "Experimental and Numerical Failure Analysis of Adhesive Composite Joints". International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/925340.

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In the first section of this work, a suitable data reduction scheme is developed to measure the adhesive joints strain energy release rate under pure mode-I loading, and in the second section, three types of adhesive hybrid lap-joints, that is, Aluminum-GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic), GFRP-GFRP, and Steel-GFRP were employed in the determination of adhesive hybrid joints strengths and failures that occur at these assemblies under tension loading. To achieve the aims, Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) was used to evaluate the fracture state under the mode-I loading (opening mode) and also hybrid lap-joint was employed to investigate the failure load and strength of bonded joints. The finite-element study was carried out to understand the stress intensity factors in DCB test to account fracture toughness using J-integral method as a useful tool for predicting crack failures. In the case of hybrid lap-joint tests, a numerical modeling was also performed to determine the adhesive stress distribution and stress concentrations in the side of lap-joint. Results are discussed in terms of their relationship with adhesively bonded joints and thus can be used to develop appropriate approaches aimed at using adhesive bonding and extending the lives of adhesively bonded repairs for aerospace structures.

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Nagayya, M. K. Venkatesh, N. Nithesh Bhaskar i B. K. Venkatesha. "Strength analysis of carbon fiber reinforced polymer and titanium alloy for axisymmetric lap joint". Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels 69, nr 12A (28.04.2022): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2021/30142.

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Many industries such as oil, gas, aerospace, and automotive, use axisymmetric adhesively bonded single lap joints. Different materials are frequently mated using axisymmetric lap joints. When composite adherents delaminate, the stress circulation inside the adhesive layer significantly influenced. As a result, the importance of considering adhesive layer stresses in the presence of considerable delamination is investigated in this paper. To understand stress analysis and examine adhesive bond strength at static loading conditions, the model created using finite element analysis with cohesive zone modelling. A complete parametric study carried using simple finite element code in ABAQUS, the axisymmetric single lap joins adhesively bonded joints prepared with different material adherents. Analysis carried on the influence of numerous factors such as the distribution stress inside the adhesive joints. In this connection, mating of carbon reinforced polymer composite to titanium alloy adherends discussed thoroughly. The results show that depending on the position of the delamination, the presence of a throughout-the-thickness delamination affects the structural response of both single lap and axisymmetric adhesively bonded joints by varying overlap length. The presence of a delamination reduced adhesive peel and shear stresses significantly in both joint configurations.

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Akhavan-Safar, Alireza, Ghasem Eisaabadi Bozchaloei, Shahin Jalali, Reza Beygi, Majid R. Ayatollahi i Lucas F. M. da Silva. "Impact Fatigue Life of Adhesively Bonded Composite-Steel Joints Enhanced with the Bi-Adhesive Technique". Materials 16, nr 1 (2.01.2023): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16010419.

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One of the most common loading conditions that bonded joints experience in service is repeated impact. Despite the destructive effects of impact fatigue, the behavior of metal-composite bonded joints subjected to repeated impact loads has rarely been studied in the literature. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to pay attention to this phenomenon on the one hand and to find solutions to improve the impact fatigue life of bonded composite metal components on the other hand. Accordingly, in this study, the use of the bi-adhesive technique is proposed to improve the durability of composite-metal single-lap joints (SLJs) under impact fatigue loading conditions. J-N (energy-life) method is also used to analyze the experimental data obtained. Accordingly, in the present study, the impact fatigue behavior of single adhesive metal to composite joints was analyzed experimentally based on the J-N method and also numerically using the finite element method (FEM). By using two adhesives along a single overlap, the impact fatigue life of joints between dissimilar composite and metal joints was also analyzed experimentally. The results show that the double adhesives technique can significantly improve the impact fatigue life of the tested joints. It was also found that the optimum length ratio of the adhesives (the length covered by the ductile adhesive relative to the total overlap size) is a function of the stiffness of the joint and is more pronounced for less stiff bonded joints. A linear elastic numerical analysis was also conducted to evaluate the stress state along the bloodline of the bonded joints. Results show that the compressive peel stress made at the boundary of the two adhesives can be a possible reason behind the different results observed.

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Roy, A., J. L. Gacougnolle, J. Petit i D. Gamby. "Fatigue Damage of Composite/Composite Adhesively Bonded Joints". Advanced Composites Letters 2, nr 4 (lipiec 1993): 096369359300200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369359300200402.

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In this experimental study, the fatigue damage of glass-polyester composite/composite adhesively bonded joints is investigated. The study shows that the damage consists of a main crack appearing in a stress concentration zone in the adherends which then grows in the laminate first layer in a mixed mode propagation stage to the final stage leading to the ultimate failure.

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de Queiroz, HFM, MD Banea i DKK Cavalcanti. "Experimental analysis of adhesively bonded joints in synthetic- and natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites". Journal of Composite Materials 54, nr 9 (23.09.2019): 1245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319876979.

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The application of adhesively bonded joints in automotive industry has increased significantly in recent years mainly because of the potential for lighter weight vehicles, fuel savings and reduced emissions. The use of composites in making automotive body components to achieve a reduced vehicle mass has also continuously increased. Natural fibre composites have recently attracted a great deal of attention by the automotive industry due to their many attractive benefits (e.g. high strength-to-weight ratio, sustainable characteristics and low cost). However, the literature on natural fibre-reinforced polymer composite adhesive joints is scarce and needs further investigation. The main objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the mechanical performance of adhesively bonded joints made of synthetic- and natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites. Similar and dissimilar single lap joints bonded with a modern tough structural adhesive used in the automotive industry, as well as the epoxy resin AR260 (the same resin used in composite fabrication) were tested. It was found that the average failure loads varied significantly with adhesive material strength and adherend stiffness. Furthermore, it was also observed that failure mode has a significant effect in failure load. The jute-based natural fibre composites joints, both hybrid and purely natural, were superior in strength compared to the sisal-based natural composites joints.

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Ashcroft, Ian A., S. Erpolat i J. Tyrer. "Damage Assessment in Bonded Composite Joints". Key Engineering Materials 245-246 (lipiec 2003): 501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.245-246.501.

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Parashar, Avinash, i Pierre Mertiny. "Adhesively bonded composite tubular joints: Review". International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives 38 (październik 2012): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2012.05.004.

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Al-Ramahi, Nawres J., Roberts Joffe i Janis Varna. "Numerical stress analysis in adhesively bonded joints under thermo-mechanical loading". Advances in Mechanical Engineering 12, nr 10 (październik 2020): 168781402095507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814020955072.

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The objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of residual thermal stresses, arising after assembling a single-lap joint at elevated temperature, on the inelastic thermo-mechanical stress state in the adhesive layer. The numerical analysis (FEM) employing linear and non-linear material models, with geometrical nonlinearity accounted for, is carried out. Simulating the mechanical response, the calculated thermal stresses are assigned as initial conditions to polymeric, composite and metallic joint members to reflect the loading sequence where the mechanical strain is applied to cooled-down structure. It is shown that the sequence of application matters and simulations with simultaneous application of temperature and strain give different result. Two scenarios for adhesive joints with composites are studied: joining by adhesive curing of already cured composite parts (two-step process) and curing the adhesive and the composite simultaneously in one-step (co-curing). Results show that while in-plane stresses in the adhesive are higher, the peaks of out-of-plane shear stress and peel stress (most responsible for the joint failure) at the end of the overlap are reduced due to thermal effects. In joints containing composite parts, the one-step joining scenario is more favorable than the two-step. The ply stacking sequence in the composite has significant effect on stress concentrations as well as on the plateau value of the shear stress in the adhesive.

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Smith, Mark, i Parsaoran Hutapea. "Surface Engineering for Adhesively Bonded Metal-Composite Joints". Journal of Ship Production 23, nr 02 (1.05.2007): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.2007.23.2.72.

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Recently, many nations along with private shipbuilders have begun developing large maritime vessels using composite materials structurally. Concurrently, the US Navy has a need for research on bonded metal-composite joints. For these reasons, a literature review was conducted to establish a fundamental knowledge base of adhesive bonding and failure theories along with surface cleaning and engineering processes that would be valuable for metal-composite joint designs. It is believed that by understanding bonding and failure fundamentals, optimal surface characteristics can be targeted. Furthermore, by knowing the available cleaning and surface engineering processes, in conjunction with understanding their resulting surface topographies and compositions, creative and novel joints can be designed. This report provides the results of the literature review performed, which serves as a platform for future research aimed at optimizing bonded joints for use in naval applications.

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Biscaia, Hugo, João Cardoso i Carlos Chastre. "A Finite Element Based Analysis of Double Strap Bonded Joints with CFRP and Aluminium". Key Engineering Materials 754 (wrzesień 2017): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.754.237.

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The bonding between two different materials or between same materials is a quite popular method. Unlike fastener joints, it avoids undesirable stress concentrations and doesn't demand an intrusive application to ensure the good performance of the joint. However, depending on the configuration of the adhesively bonded joint, its performance responds differently and the choice (if possible to make) on the best configuration, i.e. the configuration that originates the highest strength and/or stiffness, may be hard to make. Within this context, several configurations of aluminium-to-aluminium bonded joints unstrengthened and strengthened with fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) were modelled using a commercial finite element code. The linearity and nonlinearity of the FRP composite and the aluminium were considered, respectively, and the adhesively bonded joints were subjected to a regular displacement that intended to simulate a tensioning load. Also, the nonlinearities of the interfaces were considered in the form of nonlinear cohesive adhesive laws. The fracture Modes I and II were defined trough a bond-slip relation with a bi-linear shape and the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion is used for the coupling of the cohesive adhesive laws of the interface when the debonding process of the bonded joint configuration implies the interaction between both fracture modes, i.e. the joint is under a mixed-mode (Mode I+II) situation. The results are presented and discussed and the configurations of the bonded joints are all compared through bond stress distributions and load-slip responses. The study herein presented is, therefore, a contribution to the analysis of the structural integrity of bonded joints between FRP composites and aluminium substrates, helping also on the choice of the most adequate bonded joint configuration and corresponding reinforcement to be used and applied in practice.

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Kim, Won Seok, i Jung Ju Lee. "Fracture Mechanics Characterization of Composite/Metal Interfaces of Bonded Joints". Key Engineering Materials 334-335 (marzec 2007): 361–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.334-335.361.

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Adhesive bonding between different materials has been widely used for a large variety of applications, such as in the aircraft, automotive, and many other civil engineering structures. Adhesive-bonded joints as load bearing components have the potential to save significant weight and cost over conventional riveted or bolted joints. For the last ten years a major problem in adhesive technology has been the difficulty in predicting the accurate load bearing capacity of a joint. This difficulty comes from the fact that the stress distribution in the adhesive joint is very complex and singular stress field exists at the bi-material corner. And for bonded joints, the failure usually occurs at the adhesive/adherend interface. Therefore another difficulty comes from the complex interfacial failure analysis due to the formation of chemical bonds, whose strengths are difficult to measure. Many studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of bond thickness, material properties of adhesives and adherends, and geometric shape of bi-material corner tip to the fracture behavior of bonded joints. In this paper, we analyze the stress fields at the interface corner of composite/steel(anisotropic/isotropic) double lap joint to predict failure by using stress intensity based fracture criterion. And analytical results are compared with experimental results of co-cured lap joints under tensile load condition. Micro-structural features, hardness characteristics, and fracture toughness determinations of the interfaces are also conducted.

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Tanary, S., Y. M. Haddad, A. Fahr i S. Lee. "Nondestructive Evaluation of Adhesively Bonded Joints in Graphite/Epoxy Composites Using Acousto-Ultrasonics". Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 114, nr 3 (1.08.1992): 344–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2929050.

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This paper is concerned with the use of the acousto-ultrasonic technique to evaluate nondestructively the mechanical performance of composite bonded joints. In this context, acousto-ultrasonic measurements followed by destructive shear tests were performed on single lap joint specimens made from graphite/epoxy adherends joined with FM 300 film adhesive. The results indicate a good correlation between acousto-ultransonic wave propagation characteristics and the shear strength of the bonded joints under different testing conditions. These correlations suggest that an estimation of the joint strength can be made by using acousto-ultrasonics provided that the measurement system is calibrated for variations of the material and geometry of the specimen.

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Wang, Di, Liyuan Qu, Tianyuanye Wang, Fei Zhan, Guangchao Du, Lin Zhao, Haibo Wang i Zongyu Chang. "Study on Effects of Geometric Parameters on Tensile Strength of Hybrid Bonded-Rived Joint of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Plates". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2566, nr 1 (1.08.2023): 012039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2566/1/012039.

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Abstract Hybrid bonded-rived joint combines bonding and riveting and has become one of the most important connection forms in composite materials. This paper investigates and analyzes the influence of geometric parameters of CFRP hybrid bonded-rived joints on load-bearing strength. The finite element method is used to analyze the strength of the hybrid bonded/riveted joint between carbon fiber composite and metal under tensile load. The different ratios of the hybrid joint’s e/D, w/D, and w/e are analyzed. It is shown that e/D and w/D significantly impact damage loads and failure mode of the hybrid bonded/riveted joint. The increase of e/D will change the joint from shear-out to net tension failure, and the effect of w/D is opposite to that of e/D. Under the same bonding area, different w/e impacts the damage load of the joint, and the larger w/e makes the joint have a larger failure load, and the stiffness of the joint is also large.

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Lamanna, Giuseppe, Raffaele Sepe i A. Pozzi. "Tensile Testing of Hybrid Composite Joints". Applied Mechanics and Materials 575 (czerwiec 2014): 452–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.575.452.

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In the present paper, results of experimental tests carried out on hybrid (bonded/bolted) and adhesive composite single-lap joints are showed. The laminate adherends were made by unidirectional carbon fiber/epoxy with symmetric stacking sequence. In particular, the tests were carried out to evaluate strength and failure mode of the different joints. These joints were subjected to quasi-static tensile displacement and tests were conducted using a universal testing machine. The maximum tension load that the specimen can bear is determined and the failure process is correlated to the lay-up of the composite and joint type.

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Chen, Boyan, Xianfen Li, Hanlin Cui, Peng Hua, Yuanting Chen, Cheng Wang, Yucheng Wu i Wei Zhou. "Investigation of tungsten/MA956 steel diffusion bonding with an Nb/Ni composite interlayer". International Journal of Modern Physics B 34, nr 12 (10.05.2020): 2050123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979220501234.

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Diffusion bonding is an effective method for joining dissimilar materials. In this study, dissimilar metals of MA956 steel and tungsten (W) were diffusion bonded with Ni/Nb composite interlayer. The experiments were carried out at [Formula: see text], 20 MPa for 20 min in vacuum by spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the bonded joints were evaluated. SEM images and the results of elementary composition indicate that no intermetallics formed at Ni/MA956 steel and Nb/W interfaces, but [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] formed at the Nb/Ni interface. Compared with the directly bonded joint between W and MA956 steel, the average shear strength of the joint with Nb/Ni composite interlayer significantly increased to 270 MPa. Although the result of joint residual stresses simulation shows that the maximum residual stress was near the W substrate, the joints with composite interlayer in shear experiments fractured at Nb/Ni interface. The hardness changes along joint interfaces indicate the formation of intermetallic compounds and solid solution phases in the diffusion layers.

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Romilly, D. P., i R. J. Clark. "Elastic analysis of hybrid bonded joints and bonded composite repairs". Composite Structures 82, nr 4 (luty 2008): 563–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2007.02.007.

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Farrow, I. R., K. Potter, A. Fisher i M. Kelly. "Impact of Adhesively Bonded Composite Joints with Edge Effect". Advanced Composites Letters 9, nr 6 (listopad 2000): 096369350000900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369350000900603.

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A pilot project has been carried out to investigate the effect of impact on single-lap bonded composite joints based on AS4-8552 laminates and Cybond BR4535A adhesive. Low velocity impacts at an energy level sufficient to cause barely visible impact damage, were conducted on single lap joint specimens at different joint positions. Impact caused delaminations in the upper and lower laminates and localised through-thickness cracking in the adhesive. Residual tensile joint strengths of the impacted joint specimens with near-edge damage were reduced to approximately 50% of the un-impacted value. Failure surface inspections revealed localised through-thickness adhesive shear cracking as a governor of the original impact delamination pattern in the laminates and laminate delamination as the cause of ultimate tensile failure.

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USLU UYSAL, Mine. "The Effect of Nano Graphene Reinforcement on Pin and Adhesively Bonded Sandwich Composite Structures". Eurasia Proceedings of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics 22 (30.08.2023): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.55549/epstem.1350621.

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The subject of joining composite parts in important issue in a wide range of engineering applications. Currently mechanically-fastened and adhesively bonded joints are the two established and accepted techniques of joining used in aerospace industry for assembling composite structures. More effective adhesively bonded joints can be achieved by increasing the chemical properties of the adhesive. In this paper, nano graphene particles were added adhesive in various proportions (0.5%wt., 1%wt. and 1.5%wt.) to increase the mechanical strength of the pin and adhesively bonded (hybrid, bolted/bonded) sandwich composite structures. The mechanical properties of the newly produced nano graphene added adhesives were determined experimentally. Sandwich composite structure hybrid models with holes were created using finite elements method. The two dimensional plane strain and three dimensional analyses have been carried out. Effect of the nano graphene reinforced and hybrid structures to the all displacements were discussed on tensile property of the sandwich structures. The sensitivity of mechanical response to the compressibility of the adhesive material has been demonstrated. Numerical analysis of nano graphene reinforced hybrid joints show their strength life is longer than corresponding adhesively bonded/bolted joints Furthermore, hybrid joints can modify the tension–compression area distribution at the side of the bolt hole, thus making composite material participate more in the load bearing. This is reflected in the increased bolt hole strain and better structural performance.

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Lees, J. M., i G. Makarov. "Mechanical/bonded joints for advanced composite structures". Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures and Buildings 157, nr 1 (styczeń 2004): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/stbu.2004.157.1.91.

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Park, Miller. "Modeling and Analysis of Composite Bonded Joints". American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering 2, nr 1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20170201.11.

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Ritter, George W., David R. Speth i Yu Ping Yang. "Qualifications of Adhesives for Marine Composite-to-Steel Bonded Applications". Journal of Ship Production 25, nr 04 (1.11.2009): 198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.2009.25.4.198.

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This paper describes a straightforward method for the design and certification of adhesively bonded composite to steel joints for the marine industry. Normally, certification is based on documented service at sea. Since these joints have not been previously deployed at sea, no data on their performance exist. Using an integrated combination of mechanical property evaluation and finite element modeling, the load- bearing capacity of a joint can be compared with the anticipated seaway loads. Calculated factors of safety for the sandwich design used here show that the joint has adequate strength to maintain structural integrity even after severe environmental exposure.

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Akrami, Roya, Shahwaiz Anjum, Sakineh Fotouhi, Joel Boaretto, Felipe Vannucchi de Camargo i Mohamad Fotouhi. "Investigating the Effect of Interface Morphology in Adhesively Bonded Composite Wavy-Lap Joints". Journal of Composites Science 5, nr 1 (17.01.2021): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs5010032.

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Joints and interfaces are one of the key aspects of the design and production of composite structures. This paper investigates the effect of adhesive–adherend interface morphology on the mechanical behavior of wavy-lap joints with the aim to improve the mechanical performance. Intentional deviation from a flat joint plane was introduced in different bond angles (0°, 60°, 90° and 120°) and the joints were subjected to a quasi-static tensile load. Comparisons were made regarding the mechanical behavior of the conventional flat joint and the wavy joints. The visible failure modes that occurred within each of the joint configurations was also highlighted and explained. Load vs. displacement graphs were produced and compared, as well as the failure modes discussed both visually and qualitatively. It was observed that distinct interface morphologies result in variation in the load–displacement curve and damage types. The wavy-lap joints experience a considerably higher displacement due to the additional bending in the joint area, and the initial damage starts occurring at a higher displacement. However, the load level had its maximum value for the single-lap joints. Our findings provide insight for the development of different interface morphology angle variation to optimize the joints behavior, which is widely observed in some biological systems to improve their performance.

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Lis, Adrian, Hiroaki Tatsumi, Tomoki Matsuda, Tomokazu Sano, Yoshihiro Kashiba i Akio Hirose. "Novel solder-mesh interconnection design for power module applications". Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2018, HiTEC (1.05.2018): 000057–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4491-2018-hiten-000057.

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Abstract This study introduces a novel concept that uses composite structures of thin metallic meshes and Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu (SAC305) solder alloys to interconnect semiconductor chips to DBC substrates. The feasibility was proven by bonding Cu-to-Cu substrates. The averaged shear strength was measured as 44.1, 44.7 and 51.4 MPa for samples bonded with SAC305 (reference), Ni mesh/SAC305 and Cu mesh/SAC305 composites, respectively. The solder-mesh joints revealed a specific fracture behavior where crack propagation occurred partly within the solder and partly at the solder-mesh interface. Microstructural analyses confirmed that the metallic meshes were bonded by the formation of intermetallic compounds (IMC) while almost no (larger) defects were found. The solder-mesh concept was subsequently applied on Si-to-DBC assemblies. A very good resistance of Cu mesh/SAC305 composite joints against cyclic temperature between 80 and 200 °C was observed when the bonded area only reduced by 4.2 % after 8000 cycles. Thermal finite element (FE) simulations indicated that in particular Cu mesh/SAC305 composites can significantly reduce the thermal resistance of the interconnections which is equivalent to a better heat dissipation through the bonding layer. Thus, solder-mesh composite joints seem to be an attractive solution for high-temperature applications up to 200 °C.

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Pitta, Roure, Crespo i Rojas. "An Experimental and Numerical Study of Repairs on Composite Substrates with Composite and Aluminum Doublers Using Riveted, Bonded, and Hybrid Joints". Materials 12, nr 18 (14.09.2019): 2978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12182978.

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In this work, experimental and numerical analyses of repairs on carbon fiber reinforced epoxy (CFRE) substrates, with CFRE and aluminum alloy doublers typical of aircraft structures, are presented. The substrates have a bridge gap of 12.7 mm (simulated crack), repaired with twin doublers joined with riveted, adhesive bonded, and hybrid joints. The performance of the repairs using different doubler materials and joining techniques are compared under static loading. The experimental results show that riveted joints have the lowest strength, while adhesive bonded joints have the highest strength, irrespective of the doubler material. Finite element analysis (FEA) of the studied joints is also performed using commercial FEA tool Abaqus. In the FEA model, point-based fasteners are used for the rivets, and a cohesive zone contact model is used to simulate the adhesive bond. The FEA results indicate that the riveted joints have higher tensile stresses on the metal doublers compared to the composite doublers. As per the failure modes, interestingly, for hybrid joints using composite doublers, the doublers fail due to net-section failure, while, for hybrid joints using metal doublers, it is the composite substrate that fails due to net-section failure. This suggests vulnerability of the composite structures to mechanical fastener holes. Lastly, the Autodesk Helius composite tool is used for prediction of first-ply failure and ply load distribution, and for progressive failure analysis of the composite substrate.

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USLU UYSAL, Mine. "Investigation of Design Parameters in Tensile Loads of the Diamond Joints in Composite Structures with a Finite Element Approach". Eurasia Proceedings of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics 22 (30.08.2023): 353–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.55549/epstem.1351007.

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Adhesively bonded joining in composite structures is carried out using mechanical or adhesive techniques with commonly single or double lap. In laminated structure elements joined in this way, damage generally occurs at the upper layer. That is loading capacity goes down due to the fact that the axial width goes up. In this paper, mechanical joints with joint lock in the shape of diamond are offered to replace adhesively bonded butt joints. E-glass/vinyl ester composite laminates was used as the plate material in the system, the diamond material in the middle was composite, aluminum and steel and Loctite Hysol 9464 was used as the adhesive material. Finite element models were performed in different values of the ratio of the end height of diamond to the height of the specimen (c/height), the ratio of the upper height of diamond to the end height of diamond (a/c) and the ratio of the half-length of diamond to the height of specimen (b/height). Using these dimension values, the effects of the joint geometry parameters are evaluated. Diamond joints model was analyzed by using finite elements method and obtained stresses values. These stresses values were examined and the appropriate design parameters for the diamond lock were decided. Before damage occurs in a composite structure, damage to the diamond lock is seen, and with this important observation, the life of composite structures can be extended by repairing the diamond lock.

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Chłopek, Sylwester, i Grzegorz Michta. "Strength Analysis of Dissimilar Adhesive-Bonded Joints". Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa, nr 2 (kwiecień 2022): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17729/ebis.2022.2/2.

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The article discusses aspects related to material surface engineering and the strength of adhesive-bonded joints as well as presents results concerning the surface wetting angle and the free surface energy of steel S335, aluminium alloy AW7075 (T6) and the CFRP composite material in relation to three surface treatment conditions. The authors emphasize that surface preparation is of key importance as regards the obtainment of potentially high-strength joints. The article also discusses results concerning the roughness of the surface of the steel and the aluminium alloy in relation to various grades of abrasive paper granularity. The final part of the article presents test results concerning the shear strength of dissimilar adhesive-bonded joints (i.e. steel S335 – CFRP composite and aluminium alloy AW 7075 (T6) – CFRP composite) and discusses related images of ruptured joints.

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Poudel, Anish, i Tsuchin P. Chu. "Assessment of Composite Aluminum Adhesive Joints Using Digital Image Correlation". Materials Evaluation 80, nr 11 (1.11.2022): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32548/2022.me-04281.

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Traditional nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods present significant challenges to detecting and characterizing kissing or weak bonds in adhesively bonded structures. These kissing or weak bonds also cannot transmit shear stresses or handle complex loading modes and, if not detected, can present a significant threat to the structural integrity of the components or systems. This paper demonstrates the digital image correlation (DIC) technique for evaluating adhesively bonded dissimilar materials joints subjected to kissing or weak bonds. The study employed four adhesively bonded carbon fiber reinforced plastics and aluminum (CFRP-Al) lap-shear test coupons with varied bond quality (i.e., with no contamination and three simulated kissing bond defects). The novelty of the approach presented in this paper was that this technique could detect and demonstrate changes in the normal strain (εyy) contour map of the contaminated specimens at relatively lower load levels. This load level corresponds to 15% of the failure load for the silicone and hydraulic oil contaminated sample and around 30% for the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) contaminated sample. In addition, higher compressive strains along the overlap edges were observed in the strain map for the single lap joints due to the higher peeling stresses of the adherend and the stress concentration at the edges of an adhesively bonded joint.

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Carboni, M., i A. Bernasconi. "Acoustic emission-based monitoring of fatigue damage in CFRP-CFRP adhesively bonded joints". Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 64, nr 7 (1.07.2022): 393–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.2022.64.7.393.

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Adhesively bonded joints are being increasingly applied in modern structures. However, manufacturing defects and particularly harsh operative conditions may cause local debonding and catastrophic failures. Structural health monitoring (SHM) and non-destructive testing (NDT) procedures are then needed to evaluate the in-service structural integrity of adhesively bonded joints. In this research, an adhesively bonded single-lap joint, both adherends of which are manufactured using a carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite, is subjected to constant amplitude fatigue loading. During such a test, the integrity and damage condition of the joint is continuously monitored using acoustic emission (AE), while the test itself is periodically interrupted in order to apply micro-computed tomography (μCT) to the specimen, with the aim of investigating the real features of the developing fatigue damage. The results show that, after suitable elaboration and filtering by means of pattern recognition algorithms, acoustic emission-based monitoring allows for effective identification and characterisation of the development of fatigue damage in adhesively bonded joints.

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Ergun, Emin, i Ismail Gökkaya. "The Effect of the Boundary Conditions on the Impact Behaviors of Stitched Composite Lap Joints". Advanced Composites Letters 25, nr 1 (styczeń 2016): 096369351602500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369351602500101.

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In this study, transverse impact behaviors of stitch adhesively bonded composite lap joints having three different overlap lengths (20, 40 and 60 mm) at different energy levels are investigated. The effects of the boundary conditions (clamped-clamped and clamped-free) and three different span lengths (40, 60 and 80 mm) have been determined. The impacts energies are varied in a range from 5 J to 20 J. Vacuum assisted resin infusion method (VARIM) is used to manufacture composite plates. It is shown that the boundary conditions and span lengths affect considerably the impact responses of the stitch composites lap joints. The important impact characteristics of the composite lap joints are compared with each other and discussed. The observed damages of the composite lap joints are presented.

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Bhudolia, Somen K., Goram Gohel, Kah Fai Leong i Robert J. Barsotti. "Investigation on Ultrasonic Welding Attributes of Novel Carbon/Elium® Composites". Materials 13, nr 5 (3.03.2020): 1117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13051117.

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Joining large and complex polymer–matrix composite structures is becoming increasingly important in industries such as automobiles, aerospace, sports, wind turbines, and others. Ultrasonic welding is an ultra-fast joining process and also provides excellent joint quality as a cost-effective alternative to other joining processes. This research aims at investigating the welding characteristics of novel methyl methacrylate Elium®, a liquid thermoplastic resin. Elium® is the first of its kind of thermoplastic resin, which is curable at room temperature and is suitable for mass production processes. The welding characteristics of Elium® composites were investigated by optimizing the welding parameters with specially designed integrated energy directors (ED) and manufactured using the Resin transfer molding process. The results showed a 23% higher lap shear strength for ultrasonically welded composite joints when compared to the adhesively bonded joints. The optimized welding time for the ultrasonic welded joint was found to be 1.5 s whereas it was 10 min for the adhesively bonded joint. Fractographic analysis showed the significant plastic deformation and shear cusps formation on the fractured surface, which are typical characteristics for strong interfacial bonding.

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Nečasová, Barbora, Pavel Liška i Jiří Šlanhof. "Test of Adhesion and Shear Strength of Polyurethane Adhesives to Cement-Bonded Particleboard". Advanced Materials Research 1100 (kwiecień 2015): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1100.185.

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This research case was carried out to examine the possibility of usage of cement-bonded composite particleboards as a sheathing of a vented façade system with bonded joints. The potential of bonded joints in combination with composite cladding material was studied and described in more detail as well as verified through experimental measurements. For the purpose of tests spruce timber profiles were chosen for the load bearing substructure. Three types of industrial adhesives intended for structural bonding were selected. The article is focused on the preparation as well as on the subsequent experimental verification of the substructure bonding retention to the cladding and the determination of shear strength under tensile stress at a temperature of (20.0 ± 3) oC and a relative humidity of (55.0 ± 10) %. The test results proved the fact that bonded joints are more than suitable equivalent to the mechanical joints. Furthermore, the series of tests verified the suitability of use of the chosen adhesives in combination with cement-bonded particleboard.

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Khosravani, Mohammad Reza. "Influences of Defects on the Performance of Adhesively Bonded Sandwich Joints". Key Engineering Materials 789 (listopad 2018): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.789.45.

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Unique and desirable properties of composites, converted them to one of the favorablematerials in a wide range of applications. At present, various composites are utilized in aircraftinterior such as overhead bins, side walls, ceiling and bulkheads. Since adhesively bondedcomposite joints play crucial role in performance of various engineering components,manufacturing of the joints is an important issue. In the present work, an overview of compositesandwich joints is presented, and different types of defects on this component are outlined. Later,some techniques for detection of defects in the sandwich-structured composites are mentioned.Moreover, as a case study, strength and fracture of sandwich T-joints with and withoutmanufacturing defects are compared. The case study proved the role of manufacturing defects inunfavorable performance of the joints. Results of the case study indicated that it is necessary to usedifferent advanced techniques to investigate and assess performance of sandwich joints prior totheir utilization. Concerning to high applications of sandwich composite joints and limitations ofnondestructive tests, there is still a potential to provide a method or a technique which wouldestimate performance of the joints under different loading conditions.

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Prabhune, Shantanu C., i Ramesh Talreja. "Assessment of adhesively bonded joints subjected to surface damage by paint removal". Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 79, nr 4 (10.07.2007): 360–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00022660710758231.

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PurposeTo provide a basis for making assessment of the safety of adhesively bonded joints after they have been de‐painted by a dry abrasive method or a wet chemical method.Design/methodology/approachStress analysis by a finite element method has been conducted for metal/composite and composite/composite joints in a single lap configuration. The effects of degradation of composite and adhesive, separately or combined, on the stresses in the adhesive layer bonding the two components are studied. Effects of wet and dry conditions of de‐painting are included in the study. It is assumed that in the composite these conditions affect only the laminae close to the surface from which the paint coating is removed.FindingsThe locations and values of the maximum peel and shear stresses in the adhesive are determined for both joints under different assumed conditions of degradation caused by de‐painting.Research limitations/implicationsExperimental data indicating the extent of surface damage caused by de‐painting is not available.Originality/valueExtensive literature study did not show any investigation of composite surface damage and adhesive property degradation on integrity of adhesively bonded joints. Results reported here will be of use in assessing effects of de‐painting on the structural performance of adhesively bonded joints.

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Machado, JJM, EAS Marques i LFM da Silva. "Mechanical behaviour of adhesively bonded composite single lap joints under quasi-static and impact conditions with variation of temperature and overlap". Journal of Composite Materials 52, nr 26 (29.03.2018): 3621–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318766641.

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The use of adhesively bonded joints in structural components for the automotive industry has significantly increased over the last years, supported by the widespread integration of composite materials. This synergy allows vehicle manufacturers to offer a significant weight reduction of the vehicle allowing for fuel and emissions reduction and, at the same time, providing high mechanical strength. However, to ensure vehicle safety, the crashworthiness of these adhesive joints must be assessed, to evaluate if the structures can sustain large impact loads, transmitting the load and absorbing the energy, without damaging the joint. The novelty of this work is the study of the strain rate dependent behaviour of unidirectional composite adhesive joints bonded with a ductile epoxy crash resistant adhesive, subjected to low and high testing temperatures and using different overlap lengths. It was demonstrated that joints manufactured with this type of adhesive and composite substrates can exhibit excellent quasi-static and impact performance for the full range of temperatures tested. Increasing the overlap length, and independently of the testing temperature, it was observed an increase of energy absorbed for both quasi-static and impact loads, this is of considerable importance for the automotive industry, demonstrating that composite joints exhibit higher performance under impact.

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Ramezani, Farin, Ricardo J. C. Carbas, Eduardo A. S. Marques i Lucas F. M. da Silva. "Study of Hybrid Composite Joints with Thin-Ply-Reinforced Adherends". Materials 16, nr 11 (26.05.2023): 4002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16114002.

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It has been demonstrated that a possible solution to reducing delamination in a unidirectional composite laminate lies in the replacement of conventional carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer layers with optimized thin-ply layers, thus creating hybrid laminates. This leads to an increase in the transverse tensile strength of the hybrid composite laminate. This study investigates the performance of a hybrid composite laminate reinforced by thin plies used as adherends in bonded single lap joints. Two different composites with the commercial references Texipreg HS 160 T700 and NTPT-TP415 were used as the conventional composite and thin-ply material, respectively. Three configurations were considered in this study: two reference single lap joints with a conventional composite or thin ply used as the adherends and a hybrid single lap. The joints were quasi-statically loaded and recorded with a high-speed camera, allowing for the determination of damage initiation sites. Numerical models of the joints were also created, allowing for a better understanding of the underlying failure mechanisms and the identification of the damage initiation sites. The results show a significant increase in tensile strength for the hybrid joints compared to the conventional ones as a result of changes in the damage initiation sites and the level of delamination present in the joint.

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Bisagni, Chiara, Domenico Furfari i Marco Pacchione. "Experimental investigation of reinforced bonded joints for composite laminates". Journal of Composite Materials 52, nr 4 (9.05.2017): 431–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317708021.

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An experimental study has been carried out to investigate the behaviour of co-bonded carbon fibre reinforced plastics joints with a novel design incorporating a through the thickness local reinforcement. Different specimens were manufactured to investigate static and fatigue behaviour, as well as delamination size after impact and damage tolerance characteristics. The mechanical performances of the specimens with local reinforcement, consisting of the insertion of spiked thin metal sheets between co-bonded laminates, were compared with those ones obtained from specimens with purely co-bonded joints. This novel design demonstrated by tests that damage progression under cycling load results significantly delayed by the reinforcements. A significant number of experimental results were obtained that can be used to define preliminary design guidelines.

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Dobrzański, Przemysław, i Witold Oleksiak. "Design and Analysis Methods for Composite Bonded Joints". Transactions on Aerospace Research 2021, nr 1 (1.03.2021): 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tar-2021-0004.

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Abstract A literature review on existing design and analysis methods for composite adhesively bonded joints has been conducted. Methods that might form a basis for development of practical engineering methodology for adhesively bonded joints were selected and described. Starting from the simplest and the fastest analytical methods (closed-form solutions): average shear stress, shear lag model and adhesive beam model through more complex and more time consuming numerical methods supported by finite element analysis: global models, local models, cohesive zone models. Assumptions and applicability of each method was discussed. Simple and fast methods in order to be reliable have to include many conservative assumptions and therefore may lead to over-designed structure (weight penalty). Structural optimization and weight reduction require the usage of more complex and time consuming methods. Therefore, selection of adequate methods should always be balanced against strength, durability, costs and weight.

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Banea, M. D., i L. F. M. da Silva. "Adhesively bonded joints in composite materials: An overview". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 223, nr 1 (styczeń 2009): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/14644207jmda219.

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Tong, L., M. Kuruppu i D. Kelly. "Analysis of Adhesively Bonded Composite Double Lap Joints". Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 10, nr 1 (styczeń 1997): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089270579701000106.

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Derewońko, Agnieszka. "Prediction of the failure metal/composite bonded joints". Computational Materials Science 45, nr 3 (maj 2009): 735–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2008.07.018.

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Chamis, C. C., i P. L. N. Murthy. "Simplified Procedures for Designing Adhesively Bonded Composite Joints". Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 10, nr 1 (styczeń 1991): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073168449101000102.

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QUARESIMIN, M., i M. RICOTTA. "Life prediction of bonded joints in composite materials". International Journal of Fatigue 28, nr 10 (październik 2006): 1166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2006.02.005.

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