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Devier, Marie-Hélène. "Étude intégrée sur l'impact des différentes classes de contaminants (composés organostanniques, métaux, HAP, PCB) sur les moules : bioaccumulation et réponses biochimiques". Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12262.
Pełny tekst źródłaAit-Helal, Warda. "Les composés organiques gazeux en périphérie de deux mégapoles, Paris et Los Angeles : sources, variabilité et impact sur l'aérosol organique secondaire". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10173.
Pełny tekst źródłaSecondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) impacts air quality and climate change. However, its ambient concentrations are still underestimated. A large discrepancy has been observed between estimations and observations of SOA in urban areas as well as in remote areas, since the sources and the nature of the SOA precursors, the Gaseous Organic Compounds (GOCs), and the SOA formation mechanisms remain unclear. The studies presented here aim (1) to characterize the GOCs, including important SOA precursors, in urban area by studying their determinants and their sources, and (2) to study the GOCs impact on the SOA formation in urban area. To answer these objectives, we studied GOCs measured at suburban sites of Paris and Los Angeles megacities, as part of the MEGAPOLI (summer 2009 and winter 2010) and CalNex (spring 2010) programs, respectively. From the study of the organic fractions of the particulate- and the gas-phases with air quality indicators and meteorological data, (1) we identified the GOCs determinants, (2) we identified their sources and quantified their relative contribution to the GOCs emissions according to the season, by implementing the source receptor model PMF, and (3) we estimated the impact of the GOCs on the SOA formation. In summer and in winter, the GOCs measured in Paris are strongly associated with the “remote” and “OVOCs” source profiles. The highest contributions to the emissions of GOCs measured in Los Angeles are associated to the anthropogenic source profiles. As for the SOA formation, these studies highlighted for the first time the importance of the Intermediate Volatility Organic Compounds (I-VOCs) in the SOA formation from their measurements in Paris
Blanchard, Olivier. "Exposition aux composés organiques semi-volatils reprotoxiques et neurotoxiques dans l'habitat". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S088/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaSemivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) include a large number of chemicals compounds used as active substances or additives in building materials and in many consumer products. SVOCs are ubiquitous in indoor environments and frequently detected in settled dust and indoor air. This work has investigated indoor concentrations of 57 target compounds in 30 French dwellings and measurements were used to test an equilibrium model to predict their partitioning in indoor compartments. The results showed a strong ubiquity of SVOCs in French dwellings. The highest concentrations were measured for phthalates and to a lesser extent for bisphenol A, synthetic musks, some pesticides and PAHs. These results confirm the interest to assess human exposure to SVOCs in the French dwellings. The work on the predictive model showed that octanol/air partitioning coefficient (Koa) is a good predictor to estimate SVOC concentrations in a large number of buildings. However, some limits were identified and a better estimation of the parameters used in these models is required
Putranto, Agus Martono Hadi. "Récupération et séparation des acides citrique, lactique et malique à partir d'effluents aqueux de l'industrie de la canne à sucre par extaction liquide-liquide". Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT007C.
Pełny tekst źródłaGaimoz, Cécile. "Caractérisation expérimentale des sources de composés organiques volatils dans deux mégapoles contrastées : Paris et Pékin". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS0040.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work aims at characterizing Volatile Organic Compounds VOC sources and variability in two contrasted megacities (Paris and Beijing). This study based on an important experimental work, which includes instrumental optimization and participation in two intensive fields campaigns performed in May-June 2007 in Paris and in August 2007 in Beijing. Following qualitative analysis of the data sets and using a receptor model based on the PMF method, seven and ten sources of VOC were extracted for Paris and Beijing respectively. Traffic emissions are major VOC local/regional sources contributing to 54% and 35% of emissions in Paris and Beijing respectively. However, continental or regional emissions are also playing a significant role in the measured concentrations and so in the strength of VOC sources at sites receptors. Thus Paris is highly influenced by emissions from north-eastern Europe under anticyclonic condition, and Beijing by regional emissions from the Hebei province, in the south-east sector. Finally, identified sources and their contributions are compared to emission inventory data. For Paris, these results show significant differences with the local emission inventory, and suggest an overestimation of solvent emissions in the inventory
Chottier, Claire. "Composés Organiques Volatils du Silicium et sulfure d'hydrogène - Analyse - Traitement - Impact sur la valorisation des biogaz". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00715818.
Pełny tekst źródłaStriolo, Philippe. "Oxydation d'effluents organiques aqueux par le peroxyde d'hydrogène à haute température : procédé WPO". Toulouse, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAT0006.
Pełny tekst źródłaFournier, Agnès. "Transfert de Polluants Organiques Persistants (POP) vers l’œuf de poule : influence des caracteristiques des polluants et du statut physiologique de l’animal". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL031N.
Pełny tekst źródłaLaying hens are likely to be exposed to a wide range of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) potentially present in their environment. In the context of securing poultry farming systems regarding POPs, our research has focused on identifying and grading factors likely to influence the transfer of ingested POPs to eggs. These factors are related to the nature of the ingested matrix (soil or feed), to the characteristics of the animal (laying rate, fatness) and to the properties of the molecule (lipophilicity, sensitivity to metabolism). Different scientific approaches have been implemented: in vivo experimentation and mathematical modeling. In the frame of in vivo experiments we have assessed the relative bioavailability of PCBs from one naturally contaminated soil. In addition, we have calculated parameters of the kinetics of transfer to eggs of molecules that had never been studied in laying hens, such as emerging molecules (for example a brominated flame retardant, HBCD), or PAHs. Our results point out the dominant impact of the molecule metabolism on the shape of its kinetics and on its rate of transfer to eggs.The developed dynamic mathematical model makes it possible to pilot variations with time of the size of the lipid compartments in the animal and of the frequency of laying. It was used to assess the influence of these animal characteristics on the transfer of POPs to eggs. Laying rate proportionally influences the contamination level of eggs and of animal tissues at steady state. Body fat dilutes absorbed POPs in absence of laying and significantly influences the rate of decontamination of tissues during depuration subsequent to an exposure period
Raffy, Gaëlle. "Exposition humaine aux composés organiques semi-volatils (COSV) en environnement intérieur par ingestion de poussières : évaluation de la bioaccessibilité orale des COSV". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1B053.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe quality of indoor environments is now a major public health concern. People spend nearly 90% of their time indoors where they are exposed to pollutants such as semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) suspected of adverse health effects. Dust ingestion is a significant route of exposure to some of these SVOCs, especially for children. To characterize this exposure, it is necessary to consider the oral bioaccessibility of SVOCs, defined as the fraction of pollutant released into the gastrointestinal tract and available for absorption. In this context, the objectives of this PhD thesis are to (i) develop and validate a simple method for measuring the oral bioaccessibility of SVOCs in indoor dust and (ii) produce bioaccessibility data for SVOCs of health interest This article-based thesis consists of three chapters: a scientific context, which presents the sources and toxicity of SVOCs, then describes their presence in school air and dust, before addressing the different routes of human exposure; a state of the art on the oral bioaccessibility of SVOCs in dust; and the proposal of a simplified method for measuring this bioaccessibility, its validation, and its application to first samples. This work concludes on a broader context than ingestion by establishing perspectives that also consider inhalation and dermal bioaccessibility, in order to characterize the overall exposure to COSV in indoor environments
Rabodonirina, Rondro Suzanah. "Contaminants organiques (HAP, Me-HAP, PCB) en environnement : étude de milieu naturel et de faisabilité de bioremédiation". Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10170/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe industrial revolution, technological change, population growth and urbanization have affected not only the economy and politics all around the world but also the environment. Various types of pollutants are generated and introduced permanently into the environment through industrial, agricultural and/or municipal discharges. These pollutants include the persistent organic pollutants or POPs which can develop dangerous effects to human health and the ecosystem. In addition, they are reported detected in all the environmental components including the atmosphere, water resources, soils, sediments and biota. Since the discovery of the insecticides DDT in human tissue, the fate and behavior of these type of hazardous pollutants have caught the interest of researchers. In this work, our target contaminants are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their methylated derivatives (Me-PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The first part of our study investigated the contamination level of theses POPs in the different compartments of the environment (water, suspended solid matters, sediment, soil). Their occurrence and distribution were evaluated in the dissolved, particulate and sedimentary phases of the freshwater system of the Scheldt basin in the border area between France and Belgium in FRB-RegionNPC "BIOFOZI" program. An ecotoxicological risk assessment was also carried out. The same investigations were also conducted in soil samples originating from northern France and from Madagascar. The second part of the present work concern a feasibility study of PAHs-contaminated soil bio-treatment (bioremediation)
Picon, Philippe. "Diagénèse précoce de la matière organique à l'interface eau-sédiment dans un environnement de marge continentale". Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX30044.
Pełny tekst źródłaIncubations of radioactive tracers and measurements of Sediment Community Oxygen Consumption (SCOC) were performed on the Gulf of Lions and Balearic continental margins (N-W Mediterranean Sea) by the use of autonomous benthic chambers, SCOC, measured along a coast-slope transecl in the Gulf of Lions is characterized by spatial and temporal variations which reflect the benthic response to organic matter (OM) inputs to the seafloor. The SCOC values presented in this study range from 0. 6 mmol 02 m- 2j-1 in the deep stations of the continental slope to 48. 1 mmol 02 m-2j-1 in the coastal area. Mineralization rates were calculated from SCOC indicating that a high percentage of the organic carbon (OC) which reaches the bottom is remineralized at the sediment-water interface: approximately 50% on the slope and 70% on the continental shelf. .
Nzoussi-Mbassani, Pierre. "Le Cénomano-Turonien de l'Atlantique Nord (bassin du Sénégal) : environnement de dépôt et évolution diagénétique : implications pétrolières". Orléans, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ORLE2045.
Pełny tekst źródłaWaked, Antoine. "Caractérisation des aérosols organiques à Beyrouth, Liban". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2012. http://theses.univ-paris-est.fr/intranet/2012/TH2012PEST1169_complete.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe chemical composition of PM2.5 includes both organic and inorganic compounds. Organic compounds, which constitute a significant fraction of the PM2.5 mass, can be emitted directly as primary aerosol from sources such as fossil-fuel combustion, biomass burning, and natural biogenic emissions, or formed in the atmosphere via chemical reactions leading to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. SOA, which account for 20 – 80 % of total organic aerosol, are currently a major source of uncertainty in air quality modeling. The identification and quantification of the chemical composition of the organic fraction of PM2.5 and its source apportionment are of great interest, especially in the Middle East region where data on organic aerosols are currently lacking. Lebanon, a small developing country in the Middle East region located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean basin represents a good example for characterizing organic aerosols in this region. To address this issue, the air quality in Beirut (the capital city of Lebanon) was investigated with a focus on organic aerosols. First, an air pollutant emission inventory was developed for Lebanon with a spatial resolution of 5 km x 5 km and for Beirut with a spatial resolution of 1 km x 1 km. The results obtained show that the road transport sector is the major contributor to carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and non-methane volatile organic compounds (VOC) emissions, whereas fossil fuel-fired power plants and large industrial plants are the major contributors to sulfur dioxide (SO2) and primary particulate matter (PM) emissions. Then, two intensive 15-day measurement campaigns were conducted at a semi-urban site located in a Beirut suburb to characterize air pollutant concentrations. The first measurement campaign took place in July 2011 and the second in February 2012. Measurements included PM2.5, organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) mass concentrations as well as a molecular characterization of organic aerosols. Using these data, a source apportionment of organic aerosols was conducted for summer and winter. In summer, biogenic precursors such as monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were the major source of OC due to intensive solar radiation and high ambient temperatures that promote biogenic VOC emissions and photo-oxidation reactions. In winter, biomass burning was the major source of organic aerosols because of the intensive use of wood burning for heating. Finally, air pollutant concentrations in Beirut were simulated for July 2011 with the Polyphemus/Polair3D chemical-transport model (CTM). The emission inventory mentioned above was used as input to the model. Meteorological simulations were conducted with the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) using different configurations and the configuration leading to the best agreement with the observations was used to drive the air quality simulations. The simulated air pollutant concentrations were compared to the measured concentrations collected during the summer measurement campaign. The results show that the model reproduces satisfactorily the concentrations of ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and the major components of PM2.5. The differences obtained between the modeled and measured air pollutants concentrations are due in part to uncertainties in input data. Future studies should address the reduction of uncertainties such as those of the emission inventory. In addition, measurement campaigns involving several sites are needed to better characterize air pollution in Beirut and provide a more complete database to evaluate simulated air pollutant concentrations
Capdeville, Marion-Justine. "Études des cycles biogéochimiques des contaminants organiques dits « émergents » dans les systèmes aquatiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14304.
Pełny tekst źródłaPharmaceutical substances belong to the group of emerging contaminants due to their recent interest in environmental studies in comparison with pollutants who have been studied for a longer time like pesticides. They correspond to the active ingredient of drugs and by this mean are responsible for their pharmacological properties. Consequently they are biologically active molecules that can act on living organisms present in impacted ecosystems. The origin of pharmaceuticals in the environment is variable but the main sources are related to their use in human and veterinary medicine. Once consumed, pharmaceutical substances are excreted in urine or feces and are found in wastewater (human consumption) or animal manure (veterinary consumption). In the first case, they can be discharged directly in the environment, or indirectly, with treated wastewater or sludge from sewage treatment plants (SWTP). In the second case, they directly reach the environment when animals are bred on grassland or indirectly when livestock wastes are spread on agricultural soils as fertilizer. This PhD work has been focused on the study of the origin and fate of pharmaceutical substances in these 2 cases. Thus according to consumption data, occurrence in the environment reported in previous studies, toxicity and ecotoxicity data, originality and availability of reference standard compounds, 32 then 78 molecules belonging to 5 different therapeutic classes (antibiotics, antineoplastics, beta-blockers, anti-HIV, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE 5 inhibitors)) were studied in 2 continuums : i) hospital wastewater effluents – raw and treated wastewater – surface water, and ii) raw and treated wastewater – surface water – ground water. Based on the same selection criteria, the fate of 7 antibiotics was studied in pig manure in simple manure storage facilities (storage tank), in aerobic manure treatment facilities (treatment system like in small SWTP) and in mesocosms under controlled conditions. In order to achieve all these studies, analytical protocols implementing an extraction step by SPE (Solid Phase Extraction) or an ASE extraction (Accelerated Solvent Extraction) followed by a SPE purification and an analytical step by LC / MS / MS (liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry) have been developed. These protocols, by filling out quality criteria such as limits of detection and quantification compatible with environmental analysis (ng/l to dozen of ng/l), good linearity, precision, accuracy and performance, were used to analyze the dissolved phase of water samples and dissolved and solid phases of pig manure samples. The water samples analysis shows : i) beta-blockers, anti-HIV and antibiotic belonging to the families of macrolides, fluoroquinolones and sulfonamides are the most representative molecules of the environmental contamination from the classes studied; ii) SWTP releases are a major source of aquatic systems’ contamination; iii) wastewaters are more contaminated in winter than in summer; and iv) surface water are more contaminated in summer than in winter. The pig manure samples analysis shows : i) the levels of contamination of manure by antibiotics are high, from a few µg/l to mg/l; ii) the manure level of contamination is not related to the physiological stage of pigs; iii) the interest to store manure before spreading in order to reduce the antibiotics contamination is not highlighted; iv) oxytetracycline, tetracycline, tylosin and marbofloxacin are mainly present in the solid phase whereas sulfadiazine, lincomycin and monensin are mainly present in the liquid phase of manure; v) the separation of solid and liquid phases reduce manure contamination in aerobic treatment facilities; and vi) antibiotics degradation is mainly aerobic.Key words:
Strechie-Sliwinski, Claudia. "Enregistrement sédimentaire des changements environnementaux récents dans la zone Nord-Ouest de la Mer Noire". Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112178.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe purpose of this study is to investigate the processes and the recent environmental changes stored in the sediments from the North-Western part of the Black Sea in the last 30,000 years. We used sedimentary cores extracted from water depths ranging from 55 to 2100 m. In order to obtain information about the depositional environment and the chronology of the events, we used different methods: clay mineralogy analysis, sedimentology, environmental magnetism, organic matter characteristics and AMS radiocarbon chronology. Radiocarbon dating of the organic matter and fossil shells was used to obtain a precise chronology of the past events. It was difficult to correct the 14C data, because of the differences between the ages of organic matter and shells that varied significantly from one sample to another. This difficulty comes from the fact that the Black Sea basin contained in some periods oxygenated fresh water and in some periods stratified salty water. The correlation between the 14C data and the carbonate content allowed us to set up a chronology of the sediments. The clay mineralogy pointed out that the sediments containing smectite were carried into the basin mainly from the North and not from the South of the drainage basin, as previous studies indicated. The environmental magnetism study helped us to determine the significant variations in the oxygenation of the sediment and of the water column (i. E. , changes between oxygenated and anoxic conditions). The magnetism study together with the organic matter characteristics also indicates changes in the salinity of the water. Our study reveals the environmental changes that have occurred during the last 30,000 years
Gonzaga, Gomez Lais. "Échange de composés volatils biogéniques entre l'atmosphère et les cultures de blé, maïs et colza". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS319.
Pełny tekst źródłaVolatile Organic Compounds (VOC) play a key role in atmospheric chemistry influencing climate and air quality. Vegetation is the main source of VOC, accounting for 90% of biogenic emissions (BVOC). Agricultural crops in Europe are estimated to contribute 27% of total BVOC emissions but remain poorly studied. In this work, we study the exchange of BVOC by wheat, rapeseed and maize, the main agricultural species in France in terms of cultivated area. The fluxes were measured in the field at the plant level with dynamic automated chambers coupled to a PTR-Qi-Tof-MS spectrometer. Fluxes of up to 997 compounds could be measured with this highly sensitive instrument. Chapter 1 presents a review of BVOC emission mechanisms, flux measurement methods, experimental results on BVOC exchanges in agricultural systems, and mathematical models of emissions. Chapter 2 describes the measurement site and the experimental setup. Chapter 3 presents BVOC fluxes measured during one week for each species. Emissions were dominated by methanol (55-85% of total emissions) followed by acetone and acetaldehyde. The 10 most emitted compounds excluding methanol accounted for more than 50% of total emissions and the 100 most emitted compounds accounted for more than 90%. The measured fluxes showed little intra-species variation but large inter-species variations with total net fluxes of 0.11±0.02 µg_BVOC g_DW^(-1) h^(-1) for maize, 1.5±0.7 µg_COVB g_MS^(-1) h^(-1) for wheat, and 9.1±2.4 µg_COVB g_MS^(-1) h^(-1) for rapeseed. Finally, standard emission factors for isoprene and monoterpenes were evaluated for each species, constituting the first known estimates for rapeseed. Chapter 4 examines the influence of developmental stages, and particularly of senescence, on BVOC emissions from wheat. We report a doubling of total emissions during senescence compared to maturation, with, in particular, an increase in the contribution of acetaldehyde (1.6% of total emissions during maturation and 9.7% during senescence) and acetic acid (0.7% during maturation and 2.7% during senescence). In Chapter 5 the main parameters of the MEGAN 2.1 model are estimated for the three species and the fluxes of six main compounds measured for rapeseed at the plant level by the dynamic chambers are compared with measurements by Eddy Covariance at the ecosystem level in order to evaluate the representativeness of chamber measurement. This work shows the heterogeneity of BVOC exchanges by agricultural plants and the data generated should contribute to the improvement of emission models
Iqbal, Muhammad. "Impact de l'occupation des sols agricoles contaminés sur la disponibilité des éléments trace : Mise en évidence du role des matières organiques dans le cas de cultures annuelles et cultures pérennes à vocation énergétique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0020.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe changes in land use of contaminated agricultural soils are susceptible to modify their trace metal availabilities by changing the quality and quantity of soil organic matter. But the role of soil organic matter in the determinism of trace metal availabilities in contaminated soils is not well known. The objective of the present study was to assess the role of soil organic matter in determinism of trace metal availabilities and their dynamics in contaminated soils varying in their texture and nature of pollution. A strategy of studying Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd availabilities of two sites with different texture and origin of pollution was adopted and the role of organic matter was assessed through; 1) sampling the soils of two parcels at each site with two different land uses i.e. under annual crop and under perennial energy crop miscanthus, 2) changing the soil organic matter of these soils through in vitro soil incubations. A combined approach of chemical metal extractions and metal localization study in different soil size fractions was used. The results of the trace metal availabilities of the soil under miscanthus compared to annual crop soil showed that the influence of changes in organic matter through land use was different at both sites. In the silty clayed soil, the availability of Cu and Pb which are the metals known to be preferentially bound to organic matter was decreased with an increase in their localization in soil finer fractions. In the site with organic matter rich sandy soils the availability of metals which are known to be bound to soil mineral phases i.e. Zn and Cd was changed without a change in their localization. The results of laboratory incubation experiments revealed that the mineralization of soil organic matter affects the trace metal availability in two ways. Cu and Zn availabilities are changed in all soils whatever the texture while Pb and Cd availabilities changed only in sandy soils. This difference of the change of metal availabilities in both cases of organic matter variations i.e. between the soil samples under different land use and in the samples of laboratory incubations can be explained by the fact that the changes in organic matter were not similar in both cases. Our work on the metal enriched particulate organic matter (POM) fractions, the most labile organic matter fractions showed that POM act as source and sink of the metals in our conditions and POM associated copper is bioavailable in liquid medium but its bioavailability is less than the metal added as salt solution. These results, increasing the understanding of the role of soil organic matter in the determinism of trace metal availability in different textured soils, are discussed
Emeville, Elise. "Polluants Organochlorés et Risque de Survenue du Cancer de la Prostate. Interactions Gène-Environnement". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1B016/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaProstate cancer (PCa) is the most frequent type of cancer in Western countries. Advanced age, ethno-geographic origin and the presence of a family history of CaP are the main clearly established risk factors. The effects of exposure to synthetic chemicals with hormonal properties, also called endocrine disruptors (EDCs), on PCa are also are suspected. The main objective of this thesis is to evaluate the relationships between plasma concentration of persistent organochlorine pollutants with hormonal properties, such as DDE (the main metabolite of DDT) and PCBs as well polymorphisms of selected genes involved in xenobiotic (GSTM1, GSTT1) and estrogens (CYP17, CYP19, CYP1B1, COMT, UGT1A1) metabolism, and the occurrence of PCa or its recurrence after treatment with radical prostatectomy. This project is based on data obtained from the population-based case-control study (KARUPROSTATE) in Guadeloupe and from cases treated by radical prostatectomy
Merhabi, Fatmé. "Contamination par les polluants organiques persistants et émergents une étude de cas : la rivière Kadicha". Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG080.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe river contamination with persistent and emerging organic pollutants has raised an increasing concern about their impact on exposed ecosystems. Small Mediterranean coastal rivers have great and fast variations of hydrological flow along the year and can rapidly bring to the mediterranean sea the contamination occurring in the coastal area, especially where population density is high. The Kadicha river basin in Northern Lebanon is an illustrative example of multiple pressures encountered in the Mediterranean basin: it is a small coastal river affected by disorganized and rapid urbanization, a population growth and a chronic default of wastewater collection and treatment. In this context, various contaminants, witness of different anthropic activities were selected and analyzed within the Kadicha river basin.The main objective of this thesis was to determine the impact of anthropogenic activities on the Kadicha River watershed through the study of the contamination with persistent and emerging organic pollutants. Then, the potential environmental risk associated with their presence was assessed. Among emerging contaminants, several compounds having different physico-chemical properties were selected: personal care products (ultraviolet absorbents, musks), insecticides, biocides and surfactants (alkylphenols) and pharmaceutical products. Thus 41 hydrophobic compounds and 23 hydrophilic compounds were studied in sediments and water respectively. The environmental matrices were collected during two sampling campaigns corresponding to wet and dry seasons along sites impacted by urban, rural and mixture land uses (residential and agricultural zones).The results indicate : i) a detection of the totality of persistant organic pollutants and personal care products, insecticides, biocides and surfactants and 6 pharmaceuticals were detected, ii) a higher contamination (in terms of concentrations and diversity of molecules) in urban than in rural zones, iii) a selection of potential markers of urbanization (permethrin, galaxolide and UV-326) iv) an environmental risk for several compounds (ofloxacine (pharmaceutical), low molecular weight PAHs and polychlorinated biphenyls) was identified and v) a higher potential risk associated with the presence of persistent organic pollutants.These results can be considered a knowledge base on anthropogenic pressures and levels of contamination with persistent and emerging organic pollutants in the Kadicha river watershed. The data acquired as well as the potential environmental risks associated with the presence of certain molecules in the Kadicha river watershed lead to propose these molecules as a part of future monitoring programs for anthropized rivers in the Mediterranean basin
Merhaby, Dima. "Caractérisation de la pollution organique et inorganique dans les sédiments portuaires du Liban". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10144.
Pełny tekst źródłaLebanon coastal zone (LCZ) which extends over 220 km along the Eastern Mediterranean Sea is a typical case of most coastal areas of the developing countries in the Mediterranean region, where the combination of a wide range of anthropogenic activities are contributing to water pollution and environmental degradation, by the direct and indirect release of a large number of pollutants into the sea via atmospheric and river inputs. Amongst the numerous environmental concerns we are facing, the marine environment is one of the top priorities that must be addressed. Due to its ecological importance, the evaluation of coastal sediment quality constitutes an important area of research to give a clear picture of water pollution status. Much attention was paid of some priority pollutants such as persistent organic pollutant (POPs) and heavy metals as known to be toxic, persistent and bio-accumulative, carcinogenic and mutagenic. There is an urgent need to survey the levels of these pollutants in sediments due to the great lack of information in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea in general and particularly in Lebanese coastal zone which render our study very important and useful regionally and locally by local authority and policy makers during coastal zone management. The semi-enclosed basins such as ports and bays are very vulnerable ecosystem where build-up greatly amount of these pollutants in sediments. This why we focus on our studies of the assessment of ports sediment quality of some possible hotspots where the re-suspension and oxidation of anoxic sediment occur frequently. A special attention was taken to Tripoli harbour which is the second Port of Lebanon due to its location near some reserved island. The pollution levels of LCZ by these pollutants are assigned as moderate to high. An emergency proposal plan was prepared for Tripoli Harbour, this will assists harbour authority to response for all fire and oil spill accidents as a first step for a durable development inside this promising harbor
Briant, Régis. "Modélisation multi échelles de l'impact du trafic routier sur la qualité de l'air". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1115.
Pełny tekst źródłaRoadway traffic contributes to atmospheric pollution near roads, with pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particles (PM) along with some volatile organic compounds (VOC), as well as at larger spatial scales (urban and regional background pollution) with pollutants formed in the atmosphere such as ozone (O3) and the secondary fraction of PM. Because of interactions between local and background pollutants, it is desirable to combine into a single computational tool, regional and local scale models. This multi-scale modeling method has been widely used to simulate the impact of chimney emissions (point sources) with a sub-grid treatment of plume or puff models instead within a 3-dimensional Eulerian model. However, such a method is not applicable to a road network because of the prohibitive computations associated with the line source discretization into a set of point sources. Thus, a new multi-scale modeling method was developed, which treats the plumes emitted from line sources as sub-grid components of an Eulerian model. First, an improved formulation of a Gaussian plume model for line sources was developed. This new model was then subject to a detailed evaluation with near roadway measurements along with other Gaussian models. The incorporation of the Gaussian plume model into an Eulerian model (Polair3D) was implemented as part of the modeling platform Polyphemus. The performance (computational effectiveness and precision) of the new multi-scale model (Plume-in-Grid) was evaluated and compared to those of a stand-alone Gaussian and Eulerian models. The multi-scale model treats nitrogen oxide (NOx) chemistry along with major VOC. The multi-scale treatment has an important effect on the concentration of some pollutants in terms of local and urban background pollution
Navarrete, Fuentes Paola Jeannette. "Adhésifs naturels à base de tannin, tannin/lignine et lignine/gluten pour la fabrication de panneaux de bois". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10089.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis study deals with some researches carried out about the use of various natural materials as a source of raw material for the manufacturing of green adhesives for the industry of panel. In this context, work consisted in:(i) Evaluation of the potential of various tannins coming from barks wastes and development of adhesives containing tannins and various hardeners.(ii) Evaluation of the lignin potential from various origins and development of adhesives containing tannin from mimosa and lignin.(iii) Development of adhesives containing tannin and gluten protein.(iv) Evaluation of formaldehyde and other volatile organic compounds (VOC) from particleboards manufactures with the natural adhesives previously developed.Thermomechanical analyses, spectroscopy CP-MAS 13C NRM, matrix- assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectroscometry (MALDI-TOF) and gelling time techniques were performed for evaluation and characterization of these adhesives. Internal bond test for the evaluation of adhesives mechanical resistance according to the standard EN-312 were also carried out.Concerning formaldehyde and other VOC emissions from panels with green adhesives, the recourse to standardized techniques which are gas chromatography associated with a mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were privileged
Rojo, Carolina. "Impact environnemental des aérosols formés dans les panaches d'avions : modélisation et application à l'utilisation de carburants alternatifs". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00829919.
Pełny tekst źródłaDutaur, Laure. "Caractérisation des sources biogéniques des composés organiques volatils contribuant à la pollution photochimique dans le bassin méditerranéen". Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT024G.
Pełny tekst źródłaJuarez, Sabrina. "Régulations biotiques et abiotiques de la décomposition des matières organiques des sols". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-01049725.
Pełny tekst źródłaRojo, Escude-Cofiner Carolina. "Impact environnemental des aérosols formés dans les panaches d'avions : modélisation et application à l'utilisation de carburants alternatifs". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAF047/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaAircraft emit important amounts of particulate and gaseous matter in the atmosphere contributing on the one hand to local air pollution and on the other hand to the atmospheric radiative forcing and to climate change. Introducing alternative fuels in aviation can be considered as a viable option to reducing the impact of aviation, being economically and environmentally sustainable. These selected biofuels tend to have lower aromatic and sulphur contents inducing a simultaneous reduction in sulphuric acid and soot emissions. However modifying the nature and composition of the fuel used can entail unexpected consequences. It is therefore essential to study and determine the evolution of aerosols in the aircraft plume. To manage this task, a microphysical trajectory box, previously tested with standard kerosene, has been developed. After an assessment concerning the typical emissions from the combustion of biofuels in aviation, simulations have been undertaken in order to predict aerosol evolution. Several microphysical processes have been revised such as droplet homogeneous freezing or the behaviour of organic compounds
Louis, Yoann. "Mise au point d'une systématique de caractérisation des interactions Matière Organique Naturelle Dissoute (MOND) – Contaminants métalliques". Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00410142.
Pełny tekst źródłaPochat-Bohatier, Céline. "Fermentation acétique : optimisation et étude des émissions de composés organiques volatils". Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20169.
Pełny tekst źródłaBessonneau, Vincent. "Étude de la variabilité spatio-temporelle de la contamination de différents environnements intérieurs par les composés organiques volatils". Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S138.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe degradation of the indoor air quality can lead to numerous health ranging from headaches to respiratory disorders such as asthma. In our modern lifestyle, we spend approximately 90 % of our time indoors, where we are exposed to many polluants. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), with more than hundred substances detected, represent a large part of the contamination. In addition, indoor environments contain multiple sources that lead to a heterogeneous contamination. This thesis work proposed a new approach for the classification of emissions, based on their spatial and temporal variability. The implementation of this approach in different indoor environments (homes, swimming-pools, hospitals) led to the development of sampling strategies, which could be used for monitoring programs, the assessment of concentrations levels of few VOCs, and the assessment of the main determinants of the contamination
Barreteau, Donatien. "Le développement d'un modèle de simulation prédictif des émissions des matériaux dans l'habitacle pour optimiser le bien-être à bord". Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU3033.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe thesis is the result of a partnership between the C2MA (IMT Mines Alès) laboratory and Renault, a car manufacturer, as part of a Cifre contract. The awareness of air quality pollution spread among all indoor or outdoor environments. In Asia, strict regulations about vehicle interior air quality have been released to answer this social realisation. The car manufacturers must fulfil these requirements to be able to market their products in these countries (mainly in China). In these circumstances, Renault decided to improve the way they consider the vehicle interior air quality during the design of the vehicles. The thesis work concerns the modelling of vehicle interior air quality because of the technical obligations and the digitalisation. Different research question came up to follow this objective. First of all, the emission of passenger compartment’s materials has been characterised to understand what Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) are responsible of the degradation of air quality inside a car and what are the sources. Then, a new characterisation approach of emission has been developed allowing to get a better toughness and representativeness of the results. These studies showed the significance of environmental conditions on the emission ofmaterials that had been studied in the scientific literature. The study of the impact of these environmental factors on the material’s emission was the next step and two different research axes has been explored: the study and development of the modelling available in the literature and the establishment of experimental factors leading to a mastered extrapolation of the characterisation of material’s emission to vehicle interior air quality. Finally, a first methodology has been proposed and applied to simplified systems showing the consistency of the developed process
Fournier, Kevin. "Construction d'indicateurs de toxicites cumulees : cas des composes organiques semi volatils dans les environnements interieurs". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1B019/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaSemi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) are widely present in indoor environments and are suspected to be repro- or neurotoxic but little is known on the health impact on SVOC mixtures. The objective of this work is to derive cumulative toxicity indicators for SVOCs detected in French dwellings in carrying forward a cumulative health risk assessment. SVOCs were grouped according to their repro- and neurotoxic common modes of action (i.e. decrease in serum testosterone concentrations, decrease in neuronal viability). Benchmark doses (BMDs) were then estimated by modeling dose-response relationships from scientific literature (Hill models, PROAST, RIVM). Comparable BMDs were estimated only for 6 of the 19 reprotoxic SVOCs which are responsible to 10 or 50% decrease in testosterone in adult male rats orally exposed. Estimated relative potency factors (RPFs) from BMDs are similar according to the response level (from 1600 for the B(a)P to 0.1 for the BBP), excepted for bisphenol A moving from 7E+6 to 180. For in vitro neuronal death, BMDs were estimated for 13 neurotoxic SVOCs using data from different cell lines and species. BMDs equivalent to a 10% of response range from 0.07 (PCB-153) to 95 µM (diazinon). The originality of this work is the grouping of compounds from different chemical families which we are really exposed to. BMDs estimation from published data was possible but many methodological limitations lead us to put forward recommendations especially on the standardization of experimental protocols and the availability of results in adapted format for dose-response relationship modeling
Ait-Helal, Warda. "Les composés organiques gazeux en périphérie de deux mégapoles, Paris et Los Angeles : sources, variabilité et impact sur l'aérosol organique secondaire". Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10173/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaSecondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) impacts air quality and climate change. However, its ambient concentrations are still underestimated. A large discrepancy has been observed between estimations and observations of SOA in urban areas as well as in remote areas, since the sources and the nature of the SOA precursors, the Gaseous Organic Compounds (GOCs), and the SOA formation mechanisms remain unclear. The studies presented here aim (1) to characterize the GOCs, including important SOA precursors, in urban area by studying their determinants and their sources, and (2) to study the GOCs impact on the SOA formation in urban area. To answer these objectives, we studied GOCs measured at suburban sites of Paris and Los Angeles megacities, as part of the MEGAPOLI (summer 2009 and winter 2010) and CalNex (spring 2010) programs, respectively. From the study of the organic fractions of the particulate- and the gas-phases with air quality indicators and meteorological data, (1) we identified the GOCs determinants, (2) we identified their sources and quantified their relative contribution to the GOCs emissions according to the season, by implementing the source receptor model PMF, and (3) we estimated the impact of the GOCs on the SOA formation. In summer and in winter, the GOCs measured in Paris are strongly associated with the “remote” and “OVOCs” source profiles. The highest contributions to the emissions of GOCs measured in Los Angeles are associated to the anthropogenic source profiles. As for the SOA formation, these studies highlighted for the first time the importance of the Intermediate Volatility Organic Compounds (I-VOCs) in the SOA formation from their measurements in Paris
Cornille, Alain. "Pollution photochimique de la troposphère : mise au point d'une méthode de prélèvement et d'analyse des composés organiques volatils". Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL10164.
Pełny tekst źródłaHeymes, Frédéric. "Traitement d'air chargé en COV [composés organiques volatils] hydrophobes par un procédé hybride : Absorption-pervaporation". Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20032.
Pełny tekst źródłaOlivan-Waldhart, Ana-Cristina. "Mise au point de l'analyse des hydrocarbures volatils à l'état de traces. Applications : pollution et toxicologie". Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT039G.
Pełny tekst źródłaMarchand, Cyril. "Origine et devenir de la matière organique des sédiments de mangrove de Guyane française : précurseurs, environnements de dépôt, processus de décomposition et relation avec les métaux lourds". Orléans, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005908.
Pełny tekst źródłaPoulhet, Guillaume. "Développement et applications de capteurs passifs pour la mesure in situ des émissions de composés organiques volatils dans les environnements intérieurs". Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10168/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIndoor atmospheres are rich in volatile organic compounds (VOC), with indoor concentrations 2 to 10 times higher than outdoor concentrations. Even though indoor pollution is a sanitary topical issue, the wide diversity of VOC sources and the lack of tools for the measurement in-situ of the emissions from materials make difficult the application of strategies of VOC concentration reduction.The main objectives of this thesis were to develop, to qualify and to use passive samplers into different type of buildings in order to demonstrate the potential of these cheap tools for (i) the measurement in-situ of VOC emissions and (ii) the evaluation of strategies of VOC concentration reduction. The first part of this work allowed the development and the qualification of three passives samplers for the measurement of the emissions of aldehydes (formaldehyde and acetaldehyde) and aromatic compounds (BTEX, styrene and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene). Analytical performances are adequate for a in-situ application. In a second part, the deployment of these samplers in accommodations and schools allowed to show the potential and limits of these tools for emissions sources diagnosis in indoor environments
Errecalde, Olivier. "Etude de la biotransformation d'organostanniques dans l'environnement, en milieu estuarien simulé et en cultures de souches pures de micro-organismes". Pau, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PAUU3003.
Pełny tekst źródłaDanatoiu, Cristina. "Étude des phénomènes d'adsorption et désorption de composes organiques volatils sur charbon actif : Application to the improvement of industrial atmospheres". Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAL0118.
Pełny tekst źródłaA study of the adsorption and desorption processes of organic volatile compounds on active charcoal vas performed, in order to improve the quality of the atmosphere in car painting places. This work was done with solvents that already exist in these atmospheres, particularly toluene, butanol, n-butyl-acetate, xylene and cyclohexanone, onto four active charcoals, two Romanian: RCAFS and AD3 commercialised by ROMCARBON and two french ones, AC35 and AC40, commercialised by CECA. Several analysis techniques were used: gas-chromatography, thermal analysis and mass spectrometry. The study takes into account the theoretical aspects of the retention processes of the solvents onto porous solids, at microscopical level, with the help of adsorption isotherms of the toluene on the charcoals. The breakthrough of the charcoals by the pure solvents was obtained, in order to determine the optimal conditions and the values of the constants that intervene in the modelisation of an adsorber. The desorption with hot air was also studied, aiming to the regeneration of the charcoals and in the same time the recuperation of the sol vents. The adsorption-desorption cycles permitted also the verification of the behaviour of the charcoals intime. Coupling thermogravimetrical analysis with mass spectrometry (DTG-DTP/SM) allowed to perform a programmed temperature study who retrieved the fabrication tar (naphthenic compound) in greater or smaller quantities, depending on the charcoal used. The desorption energies were also evaluated. The association of all the results made possible the calculation of the working of an adsorber provided with these active charcoals
Istamboulié, Georges. "Biocapteur associant l’acétylcholinestérase et la phosphotriesterase pour un contrôle environnemental des insecticides organophosphorés". Perpignan, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PERP1002.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work presents the development of enzymatic sensors for the sensitive and selective determination of two organophosphate (OPs) insecticides pointed out by European Community as priority pollutants of surface waters: chlorpyriphos (CPO) and chlorfenvinphos (CFV) (directive EC 2455/2001/E). The very high sensitivity of the sensors has been achieved by combining the use of a genetically-modified (GM) acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with an oriented immobilisation method based on His-Ni affinity on magnetic beads. The selectivity of the system has been obtained by using phosphotriestérase (PTE), an enzyme isolated from Pseudomonas diminuta, which has the capability of hydrolysing certain OPs. A bi-enzymatic sensor associating AChE and PTE has allowed the selective detection of CPO and CFV in simple solutions. The analysis of OPs mixtures has been then performed by using an artificial neural network incorporating three sensors, two mono-enzymatic (wild AChE or GM-AChE) and one bi-enzymatic (GM-AChE + PTE). This system has allowed the specific detection of the two OPs in a wide range of concentrations. A complementary study has shown that immobilizing PTE into a column integrated in a flow system allows the detoxification of surface waters contaminated by the two studied OPs. Finally, the last part of this work has been devoted to the study of a new potential mediator for thiocholine oxidation : PEDOT-PSS
Ritsema, Rob. "Développement des méthodes de couplage pour la spéciation de l'étain, de l'arsenic et du mercure dans l'environnement : application au contrôle des teneurs en composés organostanniques dans les eaux côtières néerlandaises". Pau, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PAUU3032.
Pełny tekst źródłaBarnier, Madeleine. "Hydrocarbures et acides gras présents dans les milieux marins "propres" : Méditerranée (site de Port-Cros), région subantarctique (îles Amsterdam et Saint Paul)". Aix-Marseille 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX30038.
Pełny tekst źródłaHenry, Jean-Yves. "Détection et caractérisation des pollutions du sous-sol par des composés organiques volatifs : Mise au point d'un analyseur de gaz telluriques par spectrométrie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier". Pau, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PAUU3009.
Pełny tekst źródłaCailleaud, Kévin. "Utilisation du copépode Eurytemora affinis pour étudier l'écodynamique et les effets biologiques des principaux composants organiques (PCB, HAP, Alkylphénols. . . ) en estuaire de Seine". Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13265.
Pełny tekst źródłaMadrigal, Monarrez Ismael. "Rétention de pesticides dans les sols des dispositifs tampon, enherbés et boisés : rôle des matières organiques". Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2004. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001214.
Pełny tekst źródłaAnton, Rukshala. "Etude et compréhension des mécanismes d’interaction de Composés Organiques Volatils (COV) par des couches polymères : application à la microdétection des polluants des environnements intérieurs". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CERG0644.
Pełny tekst źródłaConducting polymers can be used as active materials of sensing devices that find application in different areas, such as quality control of products in industries such as food and beverage, cosmetics and solvents, in the monitoring of air quality for environmental and safety purposes, and as an auxiliary tool in the diagnosis of diseases. In spite of this, as a general rule, the details of the prevailing interactions of the volatile compounds and the polymer are not well understood. For this reason, we have focused the work of this thesis on the characterization of the interactions between vapors of volatile organic compounds and thin films of conducting polymers. These films, that were the active components of the sensors, were prepared atop of different geometry of interdigitated electrodes via electropolymerization, where several preparation parameters (such as doping agents nature and concentrations, monomer nature, thermal annealing) were observed to assure an homogeneous growth of the polymeric film. Several characterizations such as electrochemical studies, AFM observations and UV-VIS-NIR spectra studies were used to obtain detailed information about the interaction mechanisms between VOC and conducting polymers. We have also measured the contact angle of water, formamide and diiodomethane deposited on the surface of the polymeric films to evaluate surface free energy (and its acid-base and dispersive components). The selectivity and sensitivity of the polymeric sensors when exposed to different volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have shown to be dependent not only of the properties of the analyzed VOC but also on the nature of the counter-ion used to dope the polypyrrole film. As a final conclusion, we can say that as a result of this work it becomes possible to optimize the design of an arrangement of sensors such that both a better sensitivity and a better selectivity sensitivity to a given chemical environment can be achieved
Berrandou, Takiy Eddine. "Gènes du métabolisme des xénobiotiques : rôle prédictif dans les niveaux de contamination biologique par les polluants environnementaux et implication dans le risque de cancer du sein. Analyse de l’étude CECILE". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS598.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe xenobiotic metabolism (XM) genes involved in the activation and elimination of environmental carcinogens may modulate breast cancer risk, but their effects in breast cancer have been little studied and are poorly understood. The objectives of the PhD were to study the role of XM genes in breast cancer on the one hand, and in the biological levels of suspected breast carcinogens on the other. The analyses were based on a population-based case-control study on breast cancer (CECILE study). We investigated the association of breast cancer (1) with NAT2 gene variants that determine the type of slow or rapid acetylator in each individual; (2) with polymorphisms of XM genes that were studied jointly at the gene and at the XM pathway level using a gene set method. In each of these approaches, interactions with tobacco consumption were studied. In a final section, we sought to identify polymorphisms of XM genes that predict blood concentrations of persistent organochlorine pollutants (p,p'-DDE and PCB153) among the controls of the CECILE study.The risk of breast cancer was increased in women with a NAT2 genetic profile of rapid acetylators compared to women with a profile of slow acetylators. Among slow acetylators, current smokers had an increased risk of breast cancer compared to non-smokers, indicating an interaction between tobacco smoking and NAT2 genotype. The gene set approach showed that polymorphisms at the level of some XM genes and at the level of the entire pathway were collectively associated with breast cancer. The association between breast cancer and all pathway XM polymorphisms was observed in female smokers, indicating a role for tobacco smoking in this association. Finally, we have shown that CYP2B6 gene was a determinant of blood levels of p,p'-DDE and PCB153. Our results highlight a role of XM genes in breast cancer that is explained by their function in the metabolism and elimination of environmental carcinogens
Arsac, Fabrice. "Dégradation photocatalytique de composés organiques volatils : étude de l'interface gaz-solide et de la phase gazeuse : application au traitement de l'air dans les environnements maîtrisés". Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10043.
Pełny tekst źródłaAndrianary, Juliana. "Etude de la contamination des denrées alimentaires par le relargage de produits organovolatils issus de l'emballage". Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30173.
Pełny tekst źródłaCarlier-Pinasseau, Catherine. "Spéciation des organoétains dans le réseau hydrologique en GC-FPD aprés éthylation par NaBEt4 : développement de la méthode analytique". Pau, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PAUU3017.
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