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Devier, Marie-Hélène. "Étude intégrée sur l'impact des différentes classes de contaminants (composés organostanniques, métaux, HAP, PCB) sur les moules : bioaccumulation et réponses biochimiques". Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12262.
Pełny tekst źródłaAmer, Ahmed Khalil Souliman. "L'influence des interactions physico-chimiques des Hydrocarbures Aromatiques Polycycliques (HAP) avec les constituants des sols sur leur mobilité et leur transfert dans l'environnement". Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN10010.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe study of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) mobility and transfers is of high interest for the risk assessment of contaminated soils and sites. Emitted from different sources, PAHs are mainly produced through human activities. But they can be classified in three main categories : biogenic PAHs, petrogenic PAHs, and pyrogenic PAHs. Due to their toxicological hazard, PAHs sometimes represent a risk for human health. There are many methods available in the litterature for predicting the water solubility of PAHs or their partitionning between water and organic substances. Some detailed studies in pharmaceutical sciences allow now to better estimate their thermodynamical properties from molecular structure data. Nevertheless, validated applications of theses results are limited to relatively simple systems compared to industrial soils ones. We have studied the PAHs mobility by solubilization and their transfer by diffusion in materials potentially contaminated by coal tar in the presence of diverse organic substances in the aqueous phase (toluene, phenol or AH) or in non aqueous phase liquids (tars ou natural H. S). We have developed a specific approach for PAHs in complex matrices. This development reaches the statement of a conceptual model in which thermodynamical equilibrium constraints between phases can be quantified and described with numerical models. An experimental approach targetted on the case of phenanthrene gives results which allow the discussion of model application for a better understanding of phenomena driving PAHs solubilization and diffusive transfer
Boulangé, Marine. "Mobilisation et transfert des composés aromatiques polycycliques (HAP et CAP polaires) dans les sols historiquement contaminés par des goudrons de houille : expérimentations au laboratoire et in situ". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0138.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn industrial countries, many sites have been diagnosed polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In addition to the regulated 16 US-EPA PAHs, other polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), especially polar PACs (oxygenated and nitrogenated) occur. They come from the same sources as PAHs but they may also be formed due to PAH degradation under biotic or abiotic processes (natural attenuation or remediation treatment). These PACs, more polar than the 16 US-EPA PAHs, are more soluble in water, resulting in a potentially increased mobility in soils and a higher risk for Humans and Environment. Thus, there is a need to increase our knowledge on polar PAC mobility in soils and their transfer to the groundwater. Combining laboratory and in situ works, this project aimed at identifying the mechanisms involved in the release and transfer mode of polar PACs in soils compared to the 16 US-EPA PAHs. Our works confirm a preferential release of polar PACs compared with PAHs. Polar PACs and low molecular weight PAHs (LMW-PAHs) are mainly released according to a coal tar dissolution mechanism (Raoult law). While satisfactory predictions are obtained for polar PAC release when the pollution is “fresh”, availability is a major parameter that needs to be taken into account for historical contamination impacted by aging. Indeed, whatever the leaching conditions (static-batch and dynamic-column), the PAC concentration in water is highly dependent on the availability level of the pollution. In addition, for a high level of PAC availability, the other parameters studied in the project (ionic strength and temperature) have a limited impact on the PAC release whereas at low availability level, these parameters can show a greater influence. Moreover, the PAC release in association with colloids seems limited for polar PACs but dominating for high molecular weight PAHs (HMW-PAHs), especially under low ionic strength conditions. Leaching tests performed on a lysimeter column (2 m3) filled with a contaminated soil in the 2/3 upper part and with a non-contaminated soil in the 1/3 lower part, both soils being sampled on a former coking plant site, confirm a release of PACs according to a coal tar dissolution mechanism although PAC concentrations are widely lower compared to those predicted by the Raoult law. Whatever the experimental scale studied (batch, laboratory or lysimeter column), a clear influence of the biological compartment has been evidenced. Once the PAHs and polar PACs are dissolved into water, they are highly biodegraded. No by-products - especially oxygenated PACs - were detected
Mazeas, Olivier. "Evaluation de l'exposition des organismes aux hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) dans le milieu marin par le dosage des métabolites de HAP". Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12945.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn order to study the health of a marine ecosystem and the toxic potential of a contamination such as the one related to the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), it is necessary, in addition to the determination of environmental contamination levels, to have access to the fraction aquatic organisms have been exposed to and to identify the toxic effects of the contaminants (toxic effects which can be related to biotransformation phenomena of contaminants). The exposure and contamination of aquatic organisms to PAHs have generally been evaluated by the quantification of bioaccumulated PAHs in tissues. However, this approach is open to criticism when taking into account the biotransformation capabilities of organisms such as vertebrates and the toxic properties of biotransformation products. In this way, the aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of PAH metabolites in order to study the exposure and contamination of organisms to PAHs in the marine environment. An analytical technique to quantify PAH metabolites in biological matrices has first been set up. Then, this analytical tool has been applied to the study of fish exposures to individual PAHs and to different petroleum products in controlled conditions which has allowed to get a better understanding of PAH biotransformation phenomena. Finally, field studies have been led, notably to study the Erika oil spill and the contamination of the Seine bay, demonstrating the applicability of the quantification of PAH metabolites to evaluate the exposure and the contamination of organisms to PAHs in natural environment and for pollution events of different nature
Dumas, Anne-Sophie. "Mécanismes moléculaires de tolérance des plantes aux xénobiotiques : application à la phytoremédiation des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAPs)". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01021385.
Pełny tekst źródłaVignet, Caroline. "Altération de la physiologie des poissons exposés à des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) : comportement et reproduction". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LAROS003/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) which are found in complex mixtures in the environment including aquatic ecosystems. They adsorb on particles, accumulate in sediment and in the first link of the food web. The aim of this study was to measure long term effects of PAHs contamination on a vertebrate model : the zebrafish. In a first study, embryos were exposed on natural sediment spiked with 3 individual PAH (phenanthrene, pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene) during the first four days of their development. In a second study, to evaluate the consequences of long-term chronic exposure to PAHs, zebrafish were exposed, from their first meal (5 days post fertilisation) until they became reproducing adults, to diets spiked with three PAHs fractions at environmentally relevant concentrations (0.3X, 1X and 3X; with the 1X concentration being in the range of 4.6-6.7 μg.g-1 for total quantified PAHs). The fractions used were representative of PAHs of pyrolytic (PY) origin or of two different oils of differing compositions (a heavy fuel (HO) and a light crude oil (LO)). Long term effects on growth, survival, reproduction and behavior were evaluated at different ages. Effects were observed at molecule, tissue, organ and individual scales. In general, for contaminated fish, growth was reduced, larval survival decreased in HO, and reproduction was strongly impaired at hormonal, tissue and phenotypic levels, and behavioral responses were lethargic or hyperactive depending on fractions and stages. Sediment exposure still revealed visible effects when fish were 6 month old. These results hereby showed significant late effects, especially in behavioral responses after an early exposure, including in larvae issued from contaminated fish. In spiked diets contaminated fish, we observed a gradation of effects. Combining all functions, we established of hierarchy in toxicity in the studied fractions: PY < LO ≈ HO. Finally, our results gathered at a multiscale from molecule, to tissue and individuals, indicate that PAH mixtures of different compositions, representative of situations encountered in the wild, can promote lethal and sublethal effects which are likely to be detrimental for fish survival and recruitment into future generations
Rabodonirina, Rondro Suzanah. "Contaminants organiques (HAP, Me-HAP, PCB) en environnement : étude de milieu naturel et de faisabilité de bioremédiation". Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10170/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe industrial revolution, technological change, population growth and urbanization have affected not only the economy and politics all around the world but also the environment. Various types of pollutants are generated and introduced permanently into the environment through industrial, agricultural and/or municipal discharges. These pollutants include the persistent organic pollutants or POPs which can develop dangerous effects to human health and the ecosystem. In addition, they are reported detected in all the environmental components including the atmosphere, water resources, soils, sediments and biota. Since the discovery of the insecticides DDT in human tissue, the fate and behavior of these type of hazardous pollutants have caught the interest of researchers. In this work, our target contaminants are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their methylated derivatives (Me-PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The first part of our study investigated the contamination level of theses POPs in the different compartments of the environment (water, suspended solid matters, sediment, soil). Their occurrence and distribution were evaluated in the dissolved, particulate and sedimentary phases of the freshwater system of the Scheldt basin in the border area between France and Belgium in FRB-RegionNPC "BIOFOZI" program. An ecotoxicological risk assessment was also carried out. The same investigations were also conducted in soil samples originating from northern France and from Madagascar. The second part of the present work concern a feasibility study of PAHs-contaminated soil bio-treatment (bioremediation)
Benhabib, Karim. "Transport dans les sols de cokerie de HAP issus de particules de goudron de houille". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INPL024N.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoke production processes caused the incorporation of coal tars (NAPL or particle) into soils, these coal tars contain high amount of PAH. The aim of the present work was the investigation of the dynamics of the source term, nainely coal tar particles, as weIl as the transport of PAH through aged contaminated soils. Ln this goal, soil and coal tar samples were collected from brown field of an ancient coking plant. They were characterised by the analytical techniques of organic geochemistry (GC-MS, IR microspectroscopy). PAH transfer from coal tar particles into water was investigated by mean of closed loop laboratory column experiments. Results were interpreted by an equilibrium partitioning model and a mass transfer model. These models enabled us to compute a partitioning constant as weIl as effective diffusivities at various particle sizes and temperatures. PAH release and transport through contaminated soil was studied by laboratory column experiments, followed by phase separation of the collected fractions (ultrafiltration and ultracentrifugation). This method enabled us to show that PAH concentrations in the aqueous phase were most often higher than their aqueous solubility, and that the transport of a major fraction was facilitated by colloids and/or high molecular weight macromolecules. The com- parison between the data obtained by organic analysis showed analogy between the PAH spectra in the different phases. FinaIly, the potentiality of reactive tracers to measure global parameters (organic carbon fraction foc and sorbant organic phase/water interface are a) was tested. Conversely to phenol, toluene tracing enabled us to measure foc whereas sodium octylbenzenesulfonate did not allow the measurement of the interface area. As a conclusion, this research brought new results on the source term dynamics and PAH transport through contaminated soil from a former coking plant in aqueous and colloidal phases, that are the basis of a conceptual model and a first point to upscaling at the pilot and field scales
Boulangé, Marine. "Mobilisation et transfert des composés aromatiques polycycliques (HAP et CAP polaires) dans les sols historiquement contaminés par des goudrons de houille : expérimentations au laboratoire et in situ". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0138/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn industrial countries, many sites have been diagnosed polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In addition to the regulated 16 US-EPA PAHs, other polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), especially polar PACs (oxygenated and nitrogenated) occur. They come from the same sources as PAHs but they may also be formed due to PAH degradation under biotic or abiotic processes (natural attenuation or remediation treatment). These PACs, more polar than the 16 US-EPA PAHs, are more soluble in water, resulting in a potentially increased mobility in soils and a higher risk for Humans and Environment. Thus, there is a need to increase our knowledge on polar PAC mobility in soils and their transfer to the groundwater. Combining laboratory and in situ works, this project aimed at identifying the mechanisms involved in the release and transfer mode of polar PACs in soils compared to the 16 US-EPA PAHs. Our works confirm a preferential release of polar PACs compared with PAHs. Polar PACs and low molecular weight PAHs (LMW-PAHs) are mainly released according to a coal tar dissolution mechanism (Raoult law). While satisfactory predictions are obtained for polar PAC release when the pollution is “fresh”, availability is a major parameter that needs to be taken into account for historical contamination impacted by aging. Indeed, whatever the leaching conditions (static-batch and dynamic-column), the PAC concentration in water is highly dependent on the availability level of the pollution. In addition, for a high level of PAC availability, the other parameters studied in the project (ionic strength and temperature) have a limited impact on the PAC release whereas at low availability level, these parameters can show a greater influence. Moreover, the PAC release in association with colloids seems limited for polar PACs but dominating for high molecular weight PAHs (HMW-PAHs), especially under low ionic strength conditions. Leaching tests performed on a lysimeter column (2 m3) filled with a contaminated soil in the 2/3 upper part and with a non-contaminated soil in the 1/3 lower part, both soils being sampled on a former coking plant site, confirm a release of PACs according to a coal tar dissolution mechanism although PAC concentrations are widely lower compared to those predicted by the Raoult law. Whatever the experimental scale studied (batch, laboratory or lysimeter column), a clear influence of the biological compartment has been evidenced. Once the PAHs and polar PACs are dissolved into water, they are highly biodegraded. No by-products - especially oxygenated PACs - were detected
Laurent, Fabien. "Impact de l'oxydation chimique et de la refonctionnalisation sur des paramètres physico-chimiques et biologiques de terres contaminées au HAP". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0033.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn order to clean up polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contaminated soils, various techniques have been developed during the last decades, but their impact on soil functions was rarely considered. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of chemical oxidation treatments on different physico-chemical and biological parameters of PAH contaminated soil and to propose solutions to improve the biological functioning of oxidized soil. Various laboratory and field experiments have shown that the efficiency of chemical oxidation reactions (Fenton reaction and activated persulfate) on PAH concentrations depended on pollutant availability and soil physico-chemical properties. Besides, intense acidification processes have been observed on uncarbonated soil with a strong impact on soil physico-chemical and biological parameters. Moreover, this alteration was higher with activated persulfate treatment, leading to the loss of trace metals in water percolation. In the strongly acidified soil, the input of materials, suitable for pH increase, resulted in the restoration of biological activities and soil capacity to support vegetation. The association of chemical oxidation treatment and restoration techniques could present a good mean for soil rehabilitation. Finally, an index, which aimed to represent soil conditions based on the weight given to different parameters, was proposed and was used to evaluate changes induced by oxidation treatments and restoration techniques
Madi, Belkacem. "Contribution à l'étude des méthodes de traitement des sols pollués par des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) : application de la désorption thermique et de l'extraction par solvant". Compiègne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006COMP1658.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe thesis is a contribution for the methodology to be applied for the treatment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminated soils. The aspects covered are the soil bulk handling, analysis for monitoring the cleanup, the treatability study, the conduct of laboratory testing ant the mathematical modeling of the treatment
Cailleaud, Kévin. "Utilisation du copépode Eurytemora affinis pour étudier l'écodynamique et les effets biologiques des principaux composants organiques (PCB, HAP, Alkylphénols. . . ) en estuaire de Seine". Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13265.
Pełny tekst źródłaIoannidou, Despoina. "Characterization of environmental inequalities due to Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in France : developing environmental data processing methods to spatialize exposure indicators for PAH substances". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1176.
Pełny tekst źródłaReducing environmental exposure inequalities has become a major focus of public health efforts in France, as evidenced by the French action plans for health and the environment. The aim of this thesis is to develop an integrated approach to characterize environmental inequalities and evaluate the spatialized exposure to PAH in France.The data produced as part of the monitoring quality networks of environmental media reflect the actual contamination of the environment and the overall exposure of the populations. However they do not always provide an adequate spatial resolution to characterize environmental exposures as they are usually not assembled for this specific purpose. Statistical methods are employed to process input databases (environmental concentrations in water, air and soil) in the objective of characterizing the exposure. A multimedia model interfaced with a GIS, allows the integration of environmental variables in order to yield exposure doses related to ingestion of food, water and soil as well as atmospheric contaminants' inhalation.The methodology was applied to three Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon substances, (benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[ghi]perylene and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene), in France. The results obtained, allowed to map exposure indicators and to identify areas of overexposure and characterize environmental determinants. In the context of exposure characterization, the direct spatialization of available data from environmental measurement datasets poses a certain number of methodological questions which lead to uncertainties related to the sampling and the spatial and temporal representativeness of data. These could be reduced by acquiring additional data or by constructing predictive variables for the spatial and temporal phenomena considered.Data processing algorithms and calculation of exposure carried out in this work, will be integrated in the French coordinated integrated environment and health platform-PLAINE in order to be applied on other pollutants and prioritize preventative actions
Laurent, Fabien. "Impact de l'oxydation chimique et de la refonctionnalisation sur des paramètres physico-chimiques et biologiques de terres contaminées au HAP". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0033/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn order to clean up polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contaminated soils, various techniques have been developed during the last decades, but their impact on soil functions was rarely considered. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of chemical oxidation treatments on different physico-chemical and biological parameters of PAH contaminated soil and to propose solutions to improve the biological functioning of oxidized soil. Various laboratory and field experiments have shown that the efficiency of chemical oxidation reactions (Fenton reaction and activated persulfate) on PAH concentrations depended on pollutant availability and soil physico-chemical properties. Besides, intense acidification processes have been observed on uncarbonated soil with a strong impact on soil physico-chemical and biological parameters. Moreover, this alteration was higher with activated persulfate treatment, leading to the loss of trace metals in water percolation. In the strongly acidified soil, the input of materials, suitable for pH increase, resulted in the restoration of biological activities and soil capacity to support vegetation. The association of chemical oxidation treatment and restoration techniques could present a good mean for soil rehabilitation. Finally, an index, which aimed to represent soil conditions based on the weight given to different parameters, was proposed and was used to evaluate changes induced by oxidation treatments and restoration techniques
Perraudin, Emilie. "Réactivité des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) adsorbés sur des particules modèles d'intérêt atmosphérique : mesures cinétiques, développements analytiques et analyse des produits d'oxydation". Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12919.
Pełny tekst źródłaDontot, Léo. "Propriétés structurales et spectroscopiques des agrégats d'hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques". Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/4526/.
Pełny tekst źródłaModeling of neutral or cationic molecular clusters remains a challenge in ab initio approaches as soon as the molecules involved are large or when their number exceed several units. We develop, in this thesis, a mixed method based on the combination of the DFTB method, an approximation of the Density Functional Theory (DFT), with a Configuration Interaction (CI). This method (DFTB-CI) provides an original and efficient approach to obtain a correct description of the charge resonance within cationic clusters. The application to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons clusters is of interest in various fields such as physics and chemistry of the interstellar medium, chemistry of the atmosphere and also combustion processes. This work has enabled the description of structural properties of the ground state of neutral and cationic clusters of pyrene and coronene containing up to ten molecules. A multi-method strategy has been implemented in order to efficient search for the most stable structures with the global exploration algorithm "Parallel Tempering Monte Carlo". In addition to the structural properties, we have determined the quantities characterizing the stability of these clusters (binding and dissociation energies) as well as their electronic properties such as the dependency of the ionization potentials on the size in good agreement with experimental results. Finally, we propose an extension to the DFTB-CI model in order to compute the excited states of molecular clusters. The results on dimers are found in good agreement with ab initio calculations. An application to small cationic clusters of benzene and pyrene presents the determination of their electronic absorption spectra
Saas, Philippe. "Mécanisme d'action de l'immunotoxicité induite par les hydrocarbures polycycliques aromatiques". Metz, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1997/Saas.Philippe.SMZ9736.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are ubiquitus environmental contaminants know to be carcinogenic as well as immunosuppressive. Using as PAH the synthetic compound 7. 12-dimetthylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) that is well characterised for its immunotoxicity in mice, we study DMBA interaction with T lymphocyte activation focusing mainly on calcium homeostasis. DMBA induces an increase in intracellular calcium (Ca2+ic) in murine T lymphocytes and also human T lymphocytes. This Ca2+ic elevation is detected early in murine T cells whereas this augmentation is observed later in human T cells. In murine T lymphocytes, DMBA induced calcium elevation follows tyrosine kinase activation and inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate production. This leads to calcium depletion of the endoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, DMBA also blocks extracellular calcium entry. Thus, reduction of calcium mobilisation by DMBA is responsible to altered T cell proliferation in response to mitogens. In the second part of this study, we have defined the structural requirements for suppression of murine T lymphocyte activation by DMBA using two benz(a)anthracene monomethylated derivatives, 7-methylbenz(a)anthracene (7MBA) and 12-methylbenz(a)anthracene (12MBA). We show that DMBA is the more active for suppressing T cell activation. Like its two derivatives, DMBA inhibits molecular events that lead to G0 toG1 transition of the cell cycle (il-2 production, high affinity il-2 receptor expression). However, only DMBA interferes with G1 to S transition by inhibiting il-2 dependent proliferation. The methyl in position 12 is necessary to modify calcium homeostasis in murine T lymphocytes, since 12 MBA acts in the same way as DMBA unlike 7MBA which does not increase Ca2+ic. Finally, immunosuppression of human peripheral blood lymphocytes and murine splenocytes is compared following DMBA in vitro exposure. NK cytotoxicity, T cell proliferation, cytotoxic T lymphocyte induction and function are affected by DMBA whatever the origin of the cells (human or murine) despite a different mechanism of DMBA with calcium homeostasis in murine and human cells
Besnier, Marie-Annick. "Les hydrocarbures polycycliques aromatiques dans les viandes et lespoissons fumés". Nantes, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NANT405P.
Pełny tekst źródłaGrova, Nathalie. "Transfert et métabolisme des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques chez le ruminant laitier". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPL086N.
Pełny tekst źródłaPolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are lipophilic, persistant and ubiquitous compounds in the environment. Exposed fodder becomes a PAHs route for lactating ruminants. A first experiment was aimed to evaluate the influence of feeding system on PAHs levels in cows' milk. The results showed that grass generals a more important PAHs exposition than maize fodder. A second experiment was focused on PAHs transfer from feed to milk in controlled conditions. Among the 16 PAHs of the US-EPA list, only light compounds with less than 5 aromatic rings were detected in milk. Their transfer levels decreased from 30 % to 1 %
Quelven, Emmanuelle. "Mise au point d'un dosage immuno-enzymatique des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques". Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30122.
Pełny tekst źródłaBuco, Stéphanie. "Métrologie de la contamination des sols par les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques". Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX30098.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are proven to be major pollutants because of their mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. These compounds raised up many "on-site" or laboratory methods developments. The in situ methods are used for a rapid screening of contaminated soils and can be completed by laboratory analyses to give more accuracy. The aim of this study was to develop new methods with the minimization of the "on-site" and laboratory methods drawbacks which are respectively low accuracy, cost and analysis time. It appears from our laboratory study that the Curie-point pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Cpp-GC/MS) is an efficient alternative method for the PAHs determination. We obtained similar results compared to classical methods, with short operating time and without solvent consumption. The in situ methodology is based on a "on-site" extractor, developed during this work and UV spectrophotometric measurements (Pastel-UV). This methodology has proved to be a fast, quantitative and qualitative screening of contaminated soils by PAHs. The results show that our "on-site" extractor is more efficient than the usual "hand shaking" methods. A correlation was established between laboratory and "on-site" results to near to real PAHs concentration
Verrhiest, Ghislaine. "Toxicité de sédiments d'eau douce contaminés par des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAPs)". Chambéry, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CHAMS018.
Pełny tekst źródłaMeudec, Anna. "Exposition au fioul lourd chez Salicornia fragilis Ball et Tutin : contamination chimique par les HAPs et réponses biologiques de la plante". Brest, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BRES2008.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoastal vegetations are directly exposed to accidental marine pollution by oil hydrocarbons. The impact of such pollution on vegetation differs according to the type of exposure and to the physico-chemical properties of pollutant. Short-term physical effects of heavy fuel oil on plants were described but its long-term chemical effects on plant physiology remain unknown. Salicornia fragilis Ball and Tutin, edible plant located on the interdidal zone with the edge enters the slikke and the schorre, is artificially exposed to n°6 heavy fuel oil or either by polluted sediments, or by the coating of the aerial parts. The effects of petroleum on glasswort are various and plant responses directly PAHs from fuel oil involves the contamination of plant tissues inducing a chemical toxicity in addition to the known physical effects of oil. Thus, the exposure of glasswort to fuel oil generates stress, which is expressed by the reductions of growth and leaded to the disturbances in cellular physiology and metabolism of the plants. In spite of these, the plants are able to resist about the pollutant thanks to fast cellular responses and the establishment of enzymatic systems of detoxification such as the glutathione-S-transferase for metabolisation of PAHs and the superoxide dismutase in response to an oxidative stress. Metabolites of PAHs are thus detected in glasswort tissues contaminated by PAHs after their culture in artificially polluted sediments
Miet, Killian. "Etude expérimentale de la dégradation hétérogène des Composés Aromatiques Polycycliques (CAP) d'intérêt troposphérique". Phd thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00424794.
Pełny tekst źródłaGuilloteau, Angélique. "Etude multiphasique de polluants organiques aromatiques : répartition des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques dans les suies et formation d’aérosols dans l'ozonolyse du catéchol". Orléans, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ORLE2065.
Pełny tekst źródłaDavach, de Thèze Jean-François. "Vapoconversion catalytique sélective de produits aromatiques en présence de composés soufrés". Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO10521.
Pełny tekst źródłaDauvergne, Guillaume. "Hydrocarbures polycycliques aromatiques et chiralité : synthèse et modélisation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/220114_DAUVERGNE_514pegpm797ly207jyhru699kmoiq_TH.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this manuscript, we describe how we have developed the chemistry of aryne atropisomers with an ortho reactive triple bond to the stereogenic axis. These reaction intermediates are easily generated in situ and react in enantiospecific manners, and allow the synthesis of novel atropisomers. In particular, we describe the generation and applications of a synthetic equivalent of a BINOL-derived bis(aryne) atropisomer, as well as the semi-experimental measurement of the reaction barrier of such arynes in the presence of a standard arynophile. At the end of the manuscript, we describe our efforts to develop a synthetic approach to two regioisomers triple helices
Beaulieu, Juliette. "Composés naphténiques et naphténoaromatiques des gazoles et émissions de particules : étude des schémas de formation de particules en fonction de la nature des composés naphténiques et naphténoaromatiques des gazoles". Orléans, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ORLE2044.
Pełny tekst źródłaGoulay, Fabien. "Etudes de réactions d'hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques par la méthode CRESU". Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10061.
Pełny tekst źródłaJouannin, Frédéric. "Etude de la mobilité des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) contenus dans un sol industriel pollué". Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2004ISAL0036/these.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this work was to study the mobility of PAH contained in a polluted industrial soil. After having established the physical and chemical features of the soil, the various lixiviation tests have revealed that both dissolved and particulate pollutants were concerned by the mobility of PAH. In spite of a heavy pollution of the soil, the release of dissolved PAH is limited particularly when the temperature during lixiviation is about 15°C. On the opposite, the release is quite significant when the particulate part is taken into account. The study revealed that the release of the dissolved part is regular, even with time whereas is temporary. It occurs when ionic strength of the leaching is low enough and it ends when there is no more particulate PAH in the soil
Jacob, Véronique. "Etude de la dégradation d'hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques légers en présence d'aérosols de natures diverses : modélisation sur le naphtalène". Grenoble 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE10112.
Pełny tekst źródłaDelorme, Marion. "Réactions de cycloaddition métallocatalysées : réactivité des γ-alkylidènebuténolides et γ-alkylidènebutyrolactames". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0530.
Pełny tekst źródła[2+2+2] cycloaddition reaction is one of the most efficient and the most elegant tool to rapidly acces aromatic or heteroaromatic polycyclic compounds as well as cyclohexa-1,3-diene derivatives. In this work, the aim was to carry out [2+2+2] cycloaddition reactions using transition metal complexes on specific enediyne type system containing γ-alkylidenebutenolid core. The objective of the use of this kind of system was to synthetise spirocyclic compound. This moeity can be found in naturel or synthetic products with bioligicals activities. First this system has been used in an intermolecular way then in an intramolecular version. Various tests have demonstrated a versatile reactivity by obtaining various and unexpected compounds depending on the nature of the metal complexe used. In the intermolecular version, it is possible to use different alternatives by using either a cobalt catalyst. In the intramolecular version, via the use of cobalt complex, unexpected tetracyclic cobalt (III) complexes were obtained from γ-alkylidenebutenolides. The use of γ-alkylidenebutyrolactams allowed the synthesis of spirocyclic cobalt complexes
Delorme, Marion. "Réactions de cycloaddition métallocatalysées : réactivité des γ-alkylidènebuténolides et γ-alkylidènebutyrolactames". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0530.
Pełny tekst źródła[2+2+2] cycloaddition reaction is one of the most efficient and the most elegant tool to rapidly acces aromatic or heteroaromatic polycyclic compounds as well as cyclohexa-1,3-diene derivatives. In this work, the aim was to carry out [2+2+2] cycloaddition reactions using transition metal complexes on specific enediyne type system containing γ-alkylidenebutenolid core. The objective of the use of this kind of system was to synthetise spirocyclic compound. This moeity can be found in naturel or synthetic products with bioligicals activities. First this system has been used in an intermolecular way then in an intramolecular version. Various tests have demonstrated a versatile reactivity by obtaining various and unexpected compounds depending on the nature of the metal complexe used. In the intermolecular version, it is possible to use different alternatives by using either a cobalt catalyst. In the intramolecular version, via the use of cobalt complex, unexpected tetracyclic cobalt (III) complexes were obtained from γ-alkylidenebutenolides. The use of γ-alkylidenebutyrolactams allowed the synthesis of spirocyclic cobalt complexes
Ioannidou, Despoina. "Characterization of environmental inequalities due to Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in France : developing environmental data processing methods to spatialize exposure indicators for PAH substances". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1176/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaReducing environmental exposure inequalities has become a major focus of public health efforts in France, as evidenced by the French action plans for health and the environment. The aim of this thesis is to develop an integrated approach to characterize environmental inequalities and evaluate the spatialized exposure to PAH in France.The data produced as part of the monitoring quality networks of environmental media reflect the actual contamination of the environment and the overall exposure of the populations. However they do not always provide an adequate spatial resolution to characterize environmental exposures as they are usually not assembled for this specific purpose. Statistical methods are employed to process input databases (environmental concentrations in water, air and soil) in the objective of characterizing the exposure. A multimedia model interfaced with a GIS, allows the integration of environmental variables in order to yield exposure doses related to ingestion of food, water and soil as well as atmospheric contaminants' inhalation.The methodology was applied to three Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon substances, (benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[ghi]perylene and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene), in France. The results obtained, allowed to map exposure indicators and to identify areas of overexposure and characterize environmental determinants. In the context of exposure characterization, the direct spatialization of available data from environmental measurement datasets poses a certain number of methodological questions which lead to uncertainties related to the sampling and the spatial and temporal representativeness of data. These could be reduced by acquiring additional data or by constructing predictive variables for the spatial and temporal phenomena considered.Data processing algorithms and calculation of exposure carried out in this work, will be integrated in the French coordinated integrated environment and health platform-PLAINE in order to be applied on other pollutants and prioritize preventative actions
Kolasa, Élise. "Modulation des effets œstrogéniques et cytokiniques de contaminants environnementaux (hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques)". Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S144.
Pełny tekst źródłaPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) such as benzanthracene (BZA) are widespread environmental contaminants, exerting carcinogenic effects and endocrines disruptions. Humans are commonly exposed to these pollutants through food and tobacco smoke. The toxic effects of PAH are likely to be modulated by the cellular microenvironment, which includes – in physiological situation – hormones, cytokines, but also other toxic pollutants that humans are potentially exposed to. However, these modulations of PAH's phenotypic effects remain insufficiently characterized, and were therefore studied during this thesis. First, our work shows that the estrogenic effects of BZA are strongly modulated by the activation of the non-genomic signaling pathway protein kinase C (PKC) – however the nature of the modulation depends on targets. Second, we have demonstrated that the cytokinic microenvironment – in particular tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) – induces, in combination with BZA, the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a cytokinine that can promote tumor progression. This regulation involves the hydrocarbon receptor and the transcription factor NF-κB. In conclusion, our results indicate that the toxic effects of PAH should be assessed in fucntion of exposure conditions, in particular with a potential co-exposure to contaminants that activate PKC, or pathophysiological context, notably inflammatory conditions
Marie-Rose, Stéphane Charlery. "Utilisation des zéolithes comme filtre catalytique des polluants organiques persistants". Poitiers, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009POIT2331.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis study deals with the catalytic oxidation of 1-methylnaphtalene (1. MN) a modele molecule of polycyclics aromatics hydrocarbons (PAHs) over USHY faujasite zeolite doped or not with platinium. The aim of this study was the use of the USHY zeolite as catalytic filter for the destruction of persistant organic pollutants (POPs) fromm incineration processes. In a first time we evaluated the potential of the USHY zeolite for the destruction of 1-MN alone into carbon dioxide and water, then in the presence of 1. 2-dichlorobenzene, a precursor of dioxin and finally in the presence of a complex mixture of HCI, NO, SO2 and NH3
Verdun, Francis. "Analyses des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques in situ et étude de l'ionisation en phase solide avec effets de résonance par microsonde laser lamma". Metz, 1985. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1985/Verdun.Francis.SMZ8507.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaNguyen, Mai Lan. "Etude de réactions d'hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques adsorbés sur les suies avec les oxydants atmosphériques O3, NO2 et OH". Orléans, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ORLE2044.
Pełny tekst źródłaAbdelhay, Arwa. "Développement d'un bioréacteur biphasique pour la dégradation du phénanthrène par Mycobacterium 6PY1 sp". Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0121.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe overall objective outlined in the work of this thesis is to evaluate the potential of a two-phase partitioning bioreactor TPPB supplemented with an aeration system equipped with static mixers, for the biodegradation of phenanthrene (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon model). Preliminary steps were devoted to the physiological adaptation of the Mycobacterium sp. 6PY1 in sole subtrate system and to the optimisation of the operating conditions. The fundamental results gained in these preliminary steps were applied to phenanthrene degradation in the TPPB combined with the aeration system involving static mixers. It was found that this system is efficient for complete phenanthrene degradation. Furthermore, integrating static mixers in the indicated system enhances both the biodegradation rate by 15% and the biomass production by 21%
Botta, Céline. "Génotoxicité de la lumière visible (400-800 nm) et son rôle dans la photoactivation intracellulaire des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques". Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX22951.
Pełny tekst źródłaPoulain, Mathieu. "Structure et dynamique du carbone organique dans les milieux aqueux : relations sédiment-eau". Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2338.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this study was to characterize organic matter from water and sediment phases of two kind of ponds: natural ponds and water retention ponds. This characterization has been made at molecular level with the study of four biomarkers and at macromolecular level with the study of humic substances. Analytical methods in two or three steps (SPE, derivatization and GC/MS analysis) have been developed for biomarkers study. Biomarkers distributions have enabled to determine free molecules origins. Humic substances from water are more aromatic than those coming from sediment. All these humic substances are composed of polysaccharide, protein and aromatic structures. With the study of humic substances we can only distinguish each kind of pond whereas with the study of biomarkers we can differentiate each pond individually
Corgie, Stéphane. "Biodégradation des Hydrocarbures Aromatiques Polycycliques, sélection et dynamique des populations bactériennes dans la rhizosphère en fonction de la distance aux racines". Nancy 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN10011.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe biodegradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) is mainly performed by microorganisms that can use these compounds as sole source of carbon and energy. Such capacity has been amply studied to use and optimise microbial activity for remediation of contaminated soils The use of plants has been suggested to increase and accelerate biodegradation rate by improving microbial activity. However, biodegradation mechanisms still remain poorly described as the interactions between plant, pollutant and rhizosphere microflora are often complex. A simplified compartmented device was developed to study rhizospheric processes, especially biodegradation of PAH, as a function of distance to roots, where root exudates and/or PAH were the only carbon sources for microbial growth. The development and use of biomolecular techniques (nucleic acid isolation, PCR, RT-PCR, TGGE, hybridization with a degradation gene specific probe) permitted to follow the structure of bacterial communitities. Gradients of phenanthrene biodegradation were observed as a function of distance to roots, in parallel to spatial and temporal variations in bacterial community structure. These bacterial communities, as well as PAH biodegradation rate, also depended on the aromaticity of PAH and were modified by the symbiosis between plant and an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus
Le, Gren Isabelle. "Les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques dans les huiles minérales : extraction, dosage et pouvoir mutagène". Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10528.
Pełny tekst źródłaEom, Ig-Chum. "Ecotoxicité d'un sol de cokerie contaminé par des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP)". Metz, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2006/Eom.Ig_Chun.SMZ0608.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaA cokery soil polluted by PAHs was assessed for its toxicity and genotoxicity to soil and aquatic organisms. Total mean 16 PAH concentration was determined to 2634 241 mg/kg d. W. The heavy metals were in the range of the respective regional reference values. The effective concentration (EC) values based on concentration-response relationships were calculated. Toxicity of water extracts in chronic bioassays (algal growth and reproduction of C. Dubia) was high compared to acute toxicity (bacterial luminescence and daphnid viability). The Ames and Mutatox tests indicated mutagenicity of water extracts, while no response was found with the Umu test showing lower sensitivity. Germination of the tested plant species was not affected, contrary to plant growth. Fresh biomass was a more sensitive parameter than dry biomass. The results of terrestrial toxicity showed that toxic effect of contaminated soil was high, when survival and reproduction of collembola, reproduction of earthworm and survival of juvenile earthworm were measured. Different concentrations of the contaminated soil mixed with the artificial ISO or loamy natural soil were tested to determine influence of the control soil on toxicity. There was a significant trend that toxicity of contaminated soil was lower in the natural soil tested than in ISO, when reproduction of collembola and earthworm was studied. The transfer of PAHs from contaminated soil to biota (earthworm and plant) was inferior to 1, indicating no major problem in trophic chains. The earthworm bioaccumulation of high- molecular-weight PAHs with 5-6 aromatic rings was higher than the one of low-molecular-weight PAHs with 3-4 aromatic rings
Cottin, Nathalie. "Traitement par biofiltres d'organochlorés et d'hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques : application aux eaux de nappes et de ruissellements". Chambéry, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CHAMS026.
Pełny tekst źródłaTechnologies for decontamination of water have been developed. In this respect, biological processes are an attractive alternative to conventional physico-chemical treatments, expansive and power consuming. The biofilter based on the principle of concentrating the pollutants on a support so that they can be used as a source of carbon and energy by the microorganisms can be considered as a process particularly interesting. It this context, the treatment performance of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (HAP) and chlorinated benzene contaminated water were studied in laboratory by natural biofiltration media (peat, compost, organic matter or pozzolana), in relation with constructed wetlands installed on an industrial site. The influence of bioaugmentation and the presence of plants (Phragmites australis) were also investigated, as well as the toxicity of effluent. Mass balance has been realized to assess the fate of pollutants in these systems with the knowledge of adsorption, volatilisation, lixiviation and degradation. This work provides a first assessment of the behaviour of pollutants in these systems. Several elements of optimization have been proposed to better understand this process for a use on industrial site
Gateuille, David. "Rémanence et transferts des Hydrocarbures Aromatiques Polycycliques dans le bassin amont de la Seine". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066730.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis deals with the processes of transfer and the persistence of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the upstream part of the Seine River basin. A set of more than 830 samples (atmospheric fallout, soil, suspended solids [SS] and surface water) were collected during an entire hydrological year. Chemical analyses and measurements of radionuclide activities were combined to allow the use of sediment fingerprinting methods. The results showed the presence of significant stocks of PAHs in soils compared to the quantities involved in the current transfers of those compounds. This suggested the persistence of a legacy contamination due to the industrial history of the basin. Atmospheric fallout is responsible for the ubiquitous contamination of the environment, whereas high concentrations of PAHs are locally measured in areas exposed to a strong anthropogenic pressure. A sharp increase in concentrations was observed between soil and SS highlighting the impact of erosion processes in the transfer of PAHs. In this context, contamination of SS is higher in catchments where topsoil erosion dominates compared to river bank erosion. In addition, soil erosion processes result in the PAH enrichment of eroded particles compared to the soil they originate from. Finally, our results show that the PAH contamination acts in two timescales. On the one hand, current anthropogenic releases would be responsible for the bulk of contamination of the aquatic environment. On the other hand, soils are likely to act as secondary sources of PAHs to rivers for the next several decades
Auvray, Isabelle. "Biodégradabilité - stabilité des matières organiques des sédiments de rivières : caractérisation et dynamique des fractions extractibles et des nutriments et polluants associés". Nancy 1, 2007. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2007_0135_AUVRAY.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaRiver sediments of Moselle catchment area (Moselle, Madon and Fensch) have been studied to improve the knowledge about this compartment of major interest for environmental questions (drinking water, transfer of pollutants and nutriments. . . ). The studies were focused on organic matter which represents a major reactive pool. The characterization of 15 sediments by measurements of abiotic parameters (physical, chemical and physico-chemical) allows proposing a first typology related to human activities. Some sedimentation sites were defined, accumulating fine particles rich in organic matter and associated to anthropic modifications of the river bed (dam, channel, pollution). By studying the organic matter biodegradation, criteria of bioavailability could be defined on one hand, and evolution of extractable fraction of organic matter based on their physico-chemical properties (water soluble, lipidic, acid soluble, alkaline soluble) was assessed on the other hand in two selected sediments, polluted and unpolluted. Depending on the type of sediment and the conditions of incubation (aerobic vs. Anaerobic), models of evolution of the organic fractions are observed either qualitatively and quantitatively. Specific or not microbial communities were numbered from field and laboratory experiments in relation with the presence of two model substrates: cellulose and phenanthrene
Geffard, Olivier. "Toxicité potentielle des sédiments marins et estuariens contaminés : évaluation chimique et biologique, biodisponibilité des contaminants sédimentaires". Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12437.
Pełny tekst źródłaUseli, Bacchitta Francesca. "Photophysique des molécules polycycliques aromatiques hydrogénées d'intérêt interstellaire avec l'expérience PIRENEA". Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/865/.
Pełny tekst źródłaOne of the interesting discoveries of infrared astronomy is the ubiquitous presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in interstellar and circumstellar environments. These macromolecules play a key role in the physics and chemistry of the interstellar medium (ISM). However, despite a lot of observational, laboratory and modelling studies, no definite identification of individual species has been possible yet. The identification process requires both an understanding of the nature of these large carbon molecules, which is driven by their formation and further evolution under the action of UV photodissociation and chemistry, and the search for specific spectroscopic fingerprints. These subjects are experimentally approached in this work,taking advantage of the PIRENEA set-up dedicated to astrochemistry. In the first part of this thesis a study of the photodissociation cascade of several medium-sized PAHs isolated in the ion trap of PIRENEA is performed. The aim of this study is to provide information on both destruction of PAHs by UV radiation and formation channels of small hydrocarbons and carbon clusters through destruction of a larger precursor. An inventory of the formed species is made and the main fragmentation patterns are identified. The second part of the thesis focuses on the visible spectroscopy of different PAH cations and dehydrogenated derivatives. Multiphoton dissociation spectroscopy is performed to measure the electronic spectra of these species. The experimental results are interpreted with the help of theoretical spectra calculated in the frame of the time-dependent density functional theory and laboratory data obtained in rare-gas matrices. The photophysics of the laser-irradiated ions is also modelled to derive, for some of the studied species, the absorption cross-sections of the measured electronic transitions. The purpose of this second study is to obtain gas-phase spectroscopic data on different ionised PAHs and derivatives, that can be useful for the pre-selection of the most promising candidates for some of the diffuse interstellar bands, a set of absorption bands observed in the ISM since almost a century but still unidentified
Varlet, Vincent. "Caractérisation des composés volatils responsables des qualités odorantes du saumon fumé (Salmo salar) et évaluation des contaminants du fumage (Hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques)". Nantes, 2007. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=7db0b9f7-e1e3-4824-a079-31228676d467.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe works described in this manuscript aim to characterise the volatile compounds responsible for the odorant qualities of smoked salmon and to evaluate the chemical smoking contaminants occurence. The organoleptic evaluation required a methodological development of simultaneous characterisation of the overall odour and odorant volatile compounds of smoked salmon. Therefore overall odour was assessed by sensory analysis and the characterisation of odorant volatile compounds required the optimisation of a representative and quantitative extraction method of the smoked salmon aroma and an analysis method by gas chromatography coupled to olfactometry and mass spectrometry. This double characterisation allowed to identify the main odorant volatile compounds and to study their influence on the overall odorant perception of smoked salmon. The sanitary evaluation required a methodological development for the determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, contaminants of smoking process, by means of gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The methods used were validated by their ability to discriminate smoked salmons processed by four industrial smoking techniques leading to products with differences for sensory qualities, aroma and PAH profiles