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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Complexe SWItch"
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Rahman, Rahnuma, i Supriyo Bandyopadhyay. "The Cost of Energy-Efficiency in Digital Hardware: The Trade-Off between Energy Dissipation, Energy–Delay Product and Reliability in Electronic, Magnetic and Optical Binary Switches". Applied Sciences 11, nr 12 (17.06.2021): 5590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125590.
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Binary switches, which are the primitive units of all digital computing and information processing hardware, are usually benchmarked on the basis of their ‘energy–delay product’, which is the product of the energy dissipated in completing the switching action and the time it takes to complete that action. The lower the energy–delay product, the better the switch (supposedly). This approach ignores the fact that lower energy dissipation and faster switching usually come at the cost of poorer reliability (i.e., a higher switching error rate) and hence the energy–delay product alone cannot be a good metric for benchmarking switches. Here, we show the trade-off between energy dissipation, energy–delay product and error–probability for an electronic switch (a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor), a magnetic switch (a magnetic tunnel junction switched with spin transfer torque) and an optical switch (bistable non-linear mirror). As expected, reducing energy dissipation and/or energy–delay product generally results in increased switching error probability and reduced reliability.
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Gohil, S. "POS0626 MONEY MATTERS: ASSESSING THE VALUE OF THE ADALIMUMAB BIOSIMILAR SWITCH FOR RHEUMATOLOGY PATIENTS". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (19.05.2021): 551.2–551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2566.
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Background:The adalimumab biosimilar switch plan, actioned 2018-19 was one of the most complex of all biologic switches across several specialties. Non-medical switches are considered to ensure the best value medicines are prescribed for patients in line with NICE Technology Appraisals.Objectives:This 2 year follow up review explores the value of the switch for Rheumatology (R) patients in comparison to two other major specialisms; Dermatology (R) and Gastroenterology (G).Methods:403 homecare (HC) patients had been identified as eligible for switch to a citrate containing biosimilar (R;189, G;176, D;38) between April-December 2019. 35 hospital FP10 patients receiving the citrate-free originator biologic were also identified for switch to the citrate containing biosimilar and prescription processing via HC (R; 24, G; 9, D;2). Biosimilar switch information was communicated via patient letters/clinic reviews. FP10 patients also received remote pharmacist telephone support, as part of a PDSA (Plan, Do, Study, Act) quality improvement pilot. Data in regard to switch refusal, treatment cessation, withheld treatment and patient satisfaction ratings for pharmacist phonecalls (1 = unsatisfactory, 5=very satisfied) was documented.Results:235/403 HC patients successfully switched (R;99, G;107, D;29). 64/403 HC patients switched back to the originator (R;47, G;12; D;5). Of the 64 switch back HC patients; 52% = reported lack of efficacy; 27% = injection site pain and 21% = various other factors such as blepharitis, insomnia and hair loss. 38/403 HC patients refused the switch and remained on the originator biologic (R;11, G;27, D;0). 31/403 HC patients switched to an alternative biologic (R;19, G;9, D;3). 32/403 HC patients stopped treatment (R;13, G;19, D;0). Treatment was withheld for 3/403 HC patients (R;0, G;2, D;1). 100% of FP10 patients switched to HC. 31/35 FP10 patients switched to the biosimilar (R; 22, G; 7, D; 2). 3/31 patients switched back to the originator due to lack of efficacy or side effects. 4 patients refused the switch to biosimilar (R;3, G;1, D;0). 89% of patients were very satisfied with the pharmacist telephone support.Conclusion:In summary, 58% of all eligible HC patients switched in comparison to 89% of FP10 patients who received pharmacist telephone support; total cost saving following HC and FP10 switch = £270,000. Rheumatology demonstrated the least success in HC switching (52%) and the highest HC switch back figure (25%). Injection site pain and subjective lack of efficacy appear to be the main reasons for ongoing switch backs. The PDSA project demonstrates that a thorough pharmacist assessment of patient concerns in rationalising the use of a biologic agent versus biosimilar can be valuable for patients. Further cost effective adalimumab biosimilars have recently been launched. This seminal review emphasises the ongoing need for robust critical appraisals of biosimilars, with consideration for both clinical and cost effective parameters, before establishing their placement in treatment pathways.Acknowledgements:Mark Easter, UHCW and Interim Integrated Care System Chief Pharmacist, Hardeep Bagga, Deputy Chief Pharmacist, UHCW Pharmacy Homecare Team and UHCW Specialist Rheumatology, Gastroenterology and Dermatology Clinical Teams.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Gadzhanova, Svetla, Elizabeth E. Roughead i Lisa G. Pont. "Antidepressant switching patterns in the elderly". International Psychogeriatrics 30, nr 9 (30.01.2018): 1365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610217002964.
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ABSTRACTBackground:Switching between antidepressants is complex due to potential adverse outcomes such as serotonin syndrome and antidepressant discontinuation syndrome, yet switching is often required due to non-response to initial treatment. This study aimed to examine the patterns and extent of antidepressant switching in a cohort of older adults in long-term residential care.Methods:A cohort study of medication supply data from 6011 aged care residents in 60 long-term care facilities was conducted. Incident antidepressant users were followed for 12 months and their patterns of antidepressant use determined. The type of switching from and to different antidepressant classes was determined according to National and International recommendations for antidepressant switching.Results:In total, 11% (n = 44) of the residents were initiated on an antidepressant medication (n = 402) switched to a different antidepressant agent within 12 months. Residents commenced on a SNRI or TCA were most likely to switch antidepressants (17% in each group). Almost half of the switches (n = 21, 48% of all switches) were not implemented according to guideline recommendations. Direct switch and taper followed by wash out and switch, accounted for all of the inappropriate switching (29% and 71%, respectfully), with half occurring to mirtazapine (N = 7) or from mirtazapine (N = 3).Conclusions:Over one in 10 long-term aged care residents who commence an antidepressant will switch to a different antidepressant within 12 months. Current antidepressant switching practices in long-term residential aged care may be increasing the risk of harm associated with antidepressant switching, with around half of all switches not following current guideline recommendations.
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Barabanova, E. A., K. A. Vytovtov, V. M. Vishnevsky i V. S. Podlazov. "The method for constructing fault-tolerant photonic switches for high-performance computing systems". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2091, nr 1 (1.11.2021): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2091/1/012032.
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Abstract In this paper the new type of fault-tolerant non-blocking photonic switch is presented for the first time. The proposed switch architecture is based on quasi-complete graph topology which use provides non-blocking and fault-tolerant switching process. The new two-stage switch architecture uses the stage of dual photonic switches and pairs of photonic demultiplexers and multiplexers which have been described in detail by authors in their previous works. Depending on the number of different backup connections, the two types of fault-tolerant pho-tonic switches are considered in this paper: single-channel fault-tolerant photonic switch and dual-channel fault-tolerant photonic switch. The mathematical expressions for calculating the switching and fiber complexities of these two types of fault-tolerant photonic switches are also presented here for the first time. The numerical calculations shown that the increasing the reliability of the fault-tolerant photonic switches twice leads to an increasing their switching complexity in 1.4 times and fiber complexity in 1.8 times.
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Zhen, Qihui, i Qingyun Di. "Soft-Switching Technology of Three-Phase Six-Switch PFC Rectifier". Energies 13, nr 19 (2.10.2020): 5130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13195130.
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An active clamp, three-phase, six-switch power factor correction rectifier with a one-cycle controller is proposed, which can effectively suppress the reverse recovery of the reverse parallel diode of the bridge arm switch and reduce the reverse recovery loss. The main switches and auxiliary switch are both zero-voltage switches. It works in a fixed switching frequency and low power stress during the switching period. The specific working process and control circuit are analyzed in detail, and the model simulation is carried out. The experimental platform of a 2.5 KW prototype, with a complete test and verification of the soft switch technology proposed in this paper, was set up in the laboratory.
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Harrell, Morgan, Daniel Fabbri i Mia Levy. "Analysis of Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy in Practice From Electronic Health Record Data of Patients With Breast Cancer". JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics, nr 1 (listopad 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/cci.16.00044.
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Purpose Adjuvant endocrine therapy is a long-term drug therapy prescribed to prevent recurrence of hormone receptor–positive breast cancer. Data on adjuvant endocrine therapy are reported though clinical trials, which may differ from treatment practice and outcomes in the general population of patients with breast cancer. With secondary use of electronic health record (EHR) data, we summarize adjuvant endocrine treatment practice and outcomes in real-world settings. Methods We analyzed treatment data derived from EHR data on 1,587 patients with stage I to III breast cancer at a National Cancer Institute–designated comprehensive cancer center to learn the frequencies of real-world adjuvant endocrine drug switches and discontinuation and to explore the potential cause for drug switches and discontinuation from medical records. We measured rates of drug use, drug switches, early drug discontinuation, adverse events, recurrence, and death. We also measured adverse events and change in menopause status as potential causes for drug switch and discontinuation. Results Within the study population, approximately 49% of patients were lost to follow-up or did not complete adjuvant treatment through 5 years. Fifty-two percent of patients switched to a different endocrine therapy drug during their treatment. We found that age is correlated with drug switches and that adverse events are correlated with drug switches and discontinuation. We also found that patients who switched to an alternative endocrine therapy during treatment were more likely to complete 5 years of treatment. Conclusion This study describes long-term adjuvant endocrine treatment in real-world settings and demonstrates the ability to leverage longitudinal EHR data to characterize oral medication treatment patterns in patients with cancer.
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Painchaud, M., S. Singh i R. M. Penner. "A147 SIMILAR OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS SWITCHED TO INFLIXIMAB BIOSIMILARS COMPARED TO THOSE REMAINING ON REMICADE IN A BRITISH COLUMBIA INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE PRACTICE". Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology 5, Supplement_1 (21.02.2022): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwab049.146.
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Abstract Background In 2019 the Canadian province of British Columbia (BC) launched an initiative to switch inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients on the infliximab originator, Remicade, to biosimilars Inflectra or Renflexis. Evidence shows that such switches can be made without compromising efficacy or safety of treatment. Aims We examined results in a large IBD practice, with the hypothesis that patients required to switch to a biosimilar would have similar remission rates to those who remained on Remicade. Methods A total of 113 patients were included in this retrospective chart study. 80 of these were switched to biosimilars and were compared with 33 who remained on Remicade based on availability of private or compassionate coverage. Individual patient timelines were created, the start set as when the mandated switch was discussed. Data was collected retrospectively for 6 months. Outcomes included remission status, occurrence of flares, adverse events, hospitalizations, and necessity of dosage or drug change. Results Pre-switch, 49 of the 113 patients were in complete remission on Remicade (43.4%). 27% of the Remicade patients and 28.8% of the biosimilar patients remained in complete remission throughout follow up (p=0.87). Of the patients who began the study in complete remission, similar numbers of patients in the Remicade and biosimilar groups experienced flares (11.1% vs 27.5%; p=0.3); adverse events (33.3% vs 25%; p=0.61) and hospitalizations (0% vs 5.0%; p=0.49) respectively. 6.1% of patients beginning the trial in complete remission required a change in medication after the switch, all of which were in the biosimilar group (0% vs 7.5%; p=0.39). Among all 113 patients in the study, there was a numerical difference between the Remicade group and biosimilar group of patients who required a change in medication to another biologic. While clinically important, this was not statistically significant (0% vs 8.8%; p=0.08). Other clinical outcomes were similar between Remicade and biosimilar patients in the full group of 113 patients. Conclusions IBD patients remaining on Remicade or switching to biosimilars demonstrated similar patient outcomes after a 6-month period. Funding Agencies None
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Szurek, P., J. Petrini i W. Dunnick. "Complete nucleotide sequence of the murine gamma 3 switch region and analysis of switch recombination sites in two gamma 3-expressing hybridomas." Journal of Immunology 135, nr 1 (1.07.1985): 620–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.135.1.620.
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Abstract The heavy chain isotype switch is mediated by a DNA rearrangement between a donor switch region (usually mu) and a recipient switch region (gamma, epsilon, or alpha). Switch regions lie upstream of the appropriate heavy chain constant region gene and are composed of simple sequences repeated in tandem. It is not known to what extent the tandemly repeated sequences are important to the heavy chain switch recombination, and to what extent other features of switch region sequences might contribute to the switch process. We studied switches to the gamma 3 isotype by sequencing the entire gamma 3 switch region. This switch region is composed of forty-four 49 base pair units repeated in tandem. These repeated units share modest homology with the mu switch region repeated elements. Evolution of the gamma 3 switch region seems to involve insertions and deletions of the 49mer elements. We also molecularly cloned rearranged switch regions from two gamma 3-expressing hybridomas and determined the DNA sequences at the mu-gamma 3 recombination sites. We located these switch recombination sites within the germ-line gamma 3 switch region, as well as switch recombination sites from two myelomas. All four sites are found in the 5' one-third of the gamma 3 switch region. We discuss some additional trends in the sequence data near these four recombination sites.
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Benavides-Córdoba, Santiago, Anamaría Romero-Carvajal, Nicolas Muñoz-Galeano, Juan Bernardo Cano-Quintero i Jesús María López-Lezama. "Deduction and Application of the Average Switch Model in Power Electronic Devices for Simulation Time Reduction". Ingeniería 29, nr 1 (17.01.2024): e21303. http://dx.doi.org/10.14483/23448393.21303.
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Context: Time is a crucial issue in the simulation of power electronics (PE) devices, even more when these elements are integrated into microgrids.Method: This paper deals with the deduction of the average switch model for PE devices with the purpose of reducing simulation times. For doing this, the average model is only applied over the power switches of PE devices, not being applied over the complete topology as traditionally done. The proposed average model switch permits eliminating the ripple of voltage and currents but keeping the transient of the signals. The average model switch is derived for Boost and Buck converter switches and then generalized to power inverter switches. The proposed approach is validated using OpenModelica software.Results: A system featuring a battery, a DC/DC converter, and an inverter connected to the power grid was simulated. A comparison was performed between a simulation that considers the power switches and a simulation that uses the proposed average model switch, the time simulation was reduced up to 99.788 %, which validates the proposed approach.Conclusions: The proposed average switch model significantly reduces simulation times. This method offers a promising way to streamline power electronics device simulations, particularly in the context of microgrids and other applications where time efficiency is critical.
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Su, Yinsheng, Qian Ma, Haicheng Yao, Lei Shao i Shujun Yao. "Research on simultaneous switch and multiple switch processing methods". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2728, nr 1 (1.03.2024): 012055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2728/1/012055.
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Abstract In the simulation of complex power electronic equipment containing multiple power electronic switches, it is often encountered that the same switch occurs several times in one step, or there are multiple switch actions in one step, that is, multiple switches. When the switching event occurs between two moments, because the voltage value can only be updated at the end of the simulation step, there is a cumulative error in the current obtained by the integration. In traditional electromagnetic transient simulation, the interpolation algorithm and its deformation are commonly used to solve this problem. However, due to the complexity of the conventional interpolation algorithm, it will seriously affect the efficiency in large-scale power grid simulation, and can only be applied to offline simulation, which cannot meet the needs of real-time simulation. In this paper, a method is presented to deal with synchronous switches and multiple switches, which can reliably solve the problem of synchronous switches and multiple switches encountered in real-time simulation of complex power electronic systems.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Complexe SWItch"
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Thomas-Claudepierre, Anne-Sophie. "The cohesin and mediator complexes control immunoglobulin class switch recombination". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ112/document.
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Lors des réponses immunitaires, les lymphocytes B diversifient leur répertoire par l’hypermutation somatique (HMS) et la commutation isotypique (CI). Ces deux mécanismes sont dépendant de l’activité de « activation-induced cytidine deaminase » (AID), une enzyme qui déamine les cytosines de l’ADN en uraciles générant des mésappariements qui sont processés différemment dans le cas de l’HMS et de la CI. Au cours de la CI, le locus de la chaîne lourde des immunoglobulines subit un changement de conformation qui rapproche les promoteurs, les enhancers et les régions de switch afin de permettre la recombinaison des régions de switch. Cependant, les mécanismes moléculaires sous-jacents n’ont pas encore été identifié. Dans le but de comprendre les mécanismes de régulation d’AID, nous avons réalisé un criblage protéomique et identifié CTCF ainsi que les complexes médiateur et cohésine qui constituent des facteurs préalablement impliqués dans les interactions longues distances. Au cours de ce travail de thèse, nous avons montré que le complexe médiateur est requis pour la transcription de la région de switch acceptrice, pour l’interaction de cette dernière avec l’enhancer Eµ et pour le recrutement d’AID au locus des IgH. D’un autre côté, nous avons montré que le complexe cohésine est impliqué dans la réparation des cassures induites par AID et qu’il pourrait être impliqué dans la recombinaison des régions de switchDuring immune responses, B cells diversify their repertoire through somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR). Both of these mechanisms are dependent on the activity of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), an enzyme that deaminates cytosines into uracils generating mismatches that are differentially processed to result in SHM and CSR. During CSR, the Ig heavy chain (IgH) locus undergoes dynamic three-dimensional structural changes in which promoters, enhancers and switch regions are brought into close proximity. Nevertheless, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. To gain insight into the molecular mechanism responsible for AID regulation during CSR, we performed a proteomic screen for AID partners and identified CTCF, cohesin and mediator complexes, which are factors previously implicated in long-range interactions. We showed that during CSR, the mediator complex is required for acceptor switch region transcription, long-range interaction between the enhancer and the acceptor switch region and AID recruitment to the IgH locus whereas the cohesin complex is required for proper AID-induced breaks repair and might favor switch regions synapsis
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Dalloul, Iman. "Switch Canonique en Cis ou Trans et Recombinaisons Suicides du Locus IgH". Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0049.
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L'activation des cellules B est connue pour s’accompagner de remodelages des gènes d’immunoglobulines qui permettent la maturation d'affinité des régions variables d'Ig par hypermutation somatique SHM et la commutation de classe CSR. Ces deux processus sont sous le contrôle de la région régulatrice 3’ (3’RR) du locus IgH. Pendant la CSR, le locus IgH subit des changements tridimensionnels mettant les régions switch ciblés par AID à proximité de la région 3’RR afin de faciliter la recombinaison. La sous-unité MED1 du complexe Médiateur favorise cette interaction à longue distance avec la 3’RR mais elle intervient aussi dans la transcription germinale qui précède la CSR afin de faciliter l’activité d’AID. Comme récemment démontré chez la souris, la région 3’RR peut aussi être ciblée par des recombinaison médiée par AID, mais contrairement à la CSR, ce type de recombinaison qui joint la région Sμ et la 3’RR et qui s’appelle recombinaison suicide du locus IgH ou LSR entraîne une délétion complète de l’ensemble des gènes constants conduisant à la mort des cellules B par la perte de l’expression du BCR. Nous montrons maintenant que la LSR médiée par AID se produit aussi dans les cellules B humaines activées avec les deux régions 3’RR (3’RR1 en aval de Cα1 et 3’RR2 en aval de Cα2) et qui peut toucher l’allèle fonctionnel mais elle peut aussi être biallélique marqué par une quasi-absence de ce type de recombinaison dans les plasmocytes de la moelle mais aussi dans les cellules B mémoires quiescents du sang et qui peut par contre être réinduite à haut niveau lorsque les cellules B mémoires sont réactivées. Toutes nos conditions de stimulation utilisées in-vitro induit la LSR, sans permettre de discerner comment se fait « le choix » entre la CSR et la LSR. Nos résultats montrent par contre que la sous-unité MED1 semble influencer la transcription de la 3’RR et la recombinaison LSR chez la souris. L’inactivation conditionnelle de MED1 influence l’accessibilité transcriptionnelle et donc les recombinaisons sans affecter les marques épigénétiques du locus IgH. Cette étude de MED1 a aussi révélé que l’ensemble des processus stimulés par l’IgH 3’RR sont « Médiateur-dépendants » (SHM, CSR sans distinction de la cis et la trans-CSR, expression augmentée du locus dans les plasmocytes…), comme semble l’être également le processus de choix des segments variables au cours des réarrangements VHDJHB-cell activation is accompanied by remodeling of immunoglobulin genes resulting in affinity maturation of Ig variable regions by somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR). These two processes are under the control of the 3' regulatory region (3’RR) of the IgH locus. During CSR, the IgH locus undergoes three dimensional changes bringing the AID-targeted switch regions near the 3'RR region to facilitate recombination. The MED1 subunit of the Mediator complex promotes this long-distance interaction with the 3'RR, but it is also implicated in germinal transcription preceding CSR in order to facilitate AID activity. As recently demonstrated in mice, the 3'RR region can also be targeted by AID-mediated recombination, but unlike CSR, this type of recombination joining the Sμ region and 3'RR (called Locus Suicide Recombination or LSR) results in a complete deletion of all the constant genes leading to B-cell death by loss of B Cell Receptor expression. We now show that AID-mediated LSR also occurs in activated human B cells with the two 3'RR (3'RR1downstream of Cα1 and 3'RR2 downstream of Cα2) and affects the functional allele. It can also be bi-allelic marked by the absence of this type of recombination in plasma cells of the bone marrow but also in quiescent blood memory B cells. LSR occurs at high level when the memory B cells are reactivated. All in-vitro stimulations induce LSR, without identifying conditions favoring either CSR and the LSR. Our results also show that the MED1 subunit appears to influence 3’ RR transcription and LSR in mice. Conditional inactivation of MED1 influences transcriptional accessibility and therefore recombination without affecting epigenetic markers of the IgH locus. This study also revealed that all the processes controlled by the 3'RR are "mediator -dependent" (SHM, CSR without distinction between Cis and Trans -CSR, increased expression of the IgH locus in the plasma cells ...), as well as the choice of varia ble segments during VDJH rearrangements
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Schiavo, Ebe. "Molecular mechanisms controlling immunoglobulin class switch recombination". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ084/document.
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Lors des réponses immunitaires, le répertoire des lymphocytes B est diversifié par l’hypermutation somatique (HMS) et la commutation isotypique (CI), dépendant d’«activation-induced cytidine deaminase» (AID), qui introduit des lésions dans les gènes Ig. Une déficience d’AID cause un défaut d’HMS et de CI; par contre, une délétion du domaine C-terminal d’AID cause un défaut spécifique de la CI, suggérant que ce domaine interagit avec des facteurs spécifiques de la CI. Pour identifier ces facteurs, nous avons étudié une immunodéficience présentant un défaut de la CI non lié à la carence d’AID ni à un défaut d’HMS. De plus, les cassures de l’ADN ne sont pas détectées au niveau des gènes Ig suggérant qu’AID n’est pas correctement ciblée dans ces loci. Nous avons identifié et analysé des candidats : Spt6, les cohésines et le complexe Smc5/6. Dans les cellules B activées, AID interagit avec Spt6, Spt5, l’ARN polymérase II et le complexe PAF. Par contre, les cohésines pourraient réguler la structure du locus IgH lors de la CI et la voie de réparation des cassures de l’ADN générées pendant la CI. Ces résultats contribuent à une meilleure compréhension des étapes de la CIDuring immune responses, B cell repertoire is diversified through somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR). SHM and CSR require activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), which induces DNA damage. While AID deficiency abrogates SHM and CSR, C-terminal truncations impair CSR without affecting SHM and it has been proposed that AID C-terminal domain associates with CSR-specific factor(s). In order to identify these factors, we studied a human CSR-specific immunodeficiency, characterized by normal SHM and AID expression. B cells from these patients do not display DSBs at switch (S) regions, suggesting that they might lack an AID-binding factor(s) required to target AID to S regions during CSR. Through a multi- approach strategy, we identified and analyzed candidate factors, including Spt6, the cohesin complex and the Smc5/6 complex. We show that, in B cells poised to undergo CSR, AID is in a complex with Spt6, Spt5, the RNA polymerase II and the PAF complex while cohesins might regulate the 3D structure of the IgH locus and the pathway of DSBs repair at the Ig S regions. Our work thus contributes to a better understanding of the CSR reaction
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Simonetti, Fabrizio. "Study of the mechanisms of sexual differentiation in the fission yeast S. pombe". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS081/document.
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Chez la levure fissipare S. pombe, certains gènes méiotiques sont exprimés de façon constitutive pendant la croissance végétative. Cependant, pour empêcher le déclenchement prématuré de la méiose, la cellule a mis en place un système de dégradation sélective des ARN messagers correspondant. La protéine de liaison à l’ARN Mmi1, de la famille YTH, reconnaît des répétitions de motifs spécifiques (UNAAAC) au sein des transcrits et dirige ces derniers vers la dégradation par l’exosome nucléaire. Lors de l’entrée en méiose, Mmi1 est séquestré par un complexe ribonucléoprotéique comprenant la protéine de méiose Mei2 et l’ARN noncodant meiRNA, ce qui permet aux ARNm méiotiques d’être exportés et traduits. Au cours de ma thèse, je me suis intéressé au rôle de Mmi1 dans la dégradation des transcrits méiotiques pendant la croissance végétative. En accord avec des études récentes, nos travaux montrent que Mmi1 interagit étroitement avec le complexe Ccr4-Not de déadenylation des ARNm. Cette interaction est fonctionnelle car Ccr4-Not est requis pour la dégradation des ARNs méiotiques. De façon surprenante, cependant, l’activité de déadénylation n’est pas requise. Nos analyses génétiques et biochimiques suggèrent que la sous-unité E3 ubiquitin ligase Mot2 de Ccr4-Not ubiquitine un pool de l’inhibiteur de Mmi1, la protéine Mei2, pour faciliter sa dégradation par le protéasome. Cette voie de régulation permet de maintenir la fonction de Mmi1 et donc la répression des ARNm méiotiques dans les cellules mitotiques. Ainsi, Mmi1 a une double fonction: cibler les ARNm méiotiques vers la dégradation par l’exosome nucléaire, et recruter Ccr4-Not pour ubiquitiner et dégrader son propre inhibiteur Mei2. Ces résultats mettent également en avant un nouveau rôle pour la sous-unité E3 ligase du complexe Ccr4-Not dans le contrôle de la différenciation sexuelle. Des expériences supplémentaires indiquent que le domaine YTH de liaison à l’ARN de Mmi1, mais pas l’ARN noncodant meiRNA, est requis pour la dégradation de Mei2. De façon importante, nos données révèlent aussi que le domaine YTH de Mmi1 a un rôle clé dans l’interaction avec Mei2. Ceci suggère fortement que le domaine YTH agit comme un module bifonctionnel, permettant la liaison non seulement aux ARNs méiotiques mais aussi aux protéines comme Mei2. Nous discutons ces résultats dans le contexte de la littérature actuelle et proposons un nouveau modèle du contrôle de la différenciation sexuelle par le système Mmi1-Mei2In the fission yeast S. pombe, several meiotic mRNAs are constitutively expressed during the mitotic cell cycle. In order to avoid untimely entry into meiosis, cells have adopted a degradation system that selectively eliminates the corresponding mRNAs. The YTH family RNA-binding protein Mmi1 recognizes specific sequence motifs within these transcripts (UNAAAC) and allows their targeting to the nuclear exosome for degradation. Upon entry into meiosis, Mmi1 is sequestered in a ribonucleoprotein complex, composed by the meiotic protein Mei2 and the non-coding RNA meiRNA, allowing meiotic mRNAs to be exported and translated. During my PhD studies, I focused my interest on the role of Mmi1 in the degradation of meiotic transcripts during vegetative growth. In accord with recent studies, our results show that Mmi1 stably interacts with the mRNA deadenylation complex Ccr4-Not. This interaction has a functional relevance since Ccr4-Not is involved in the degradation of meiotic mRNAs. Surprisingly, however, the deadenylation activity is not required. Our genetic and biochemical analyses indicate that the E3 ubiquitin ligase Mot2, subunit of the Ccr4-Not complex, ubiquitinate a pool of the inhibitor of Mmi1, the Mei2 protein, to favor its degradation by the proteasome. This regulatory mechanism ensures the maintenance of Mmi1 in a functional state, leading to the persistent repression of meiotic mRNAs in mitotic cells. Thus, Mmi1 has a dual role: in nuclear mRNA surveillance, by targeting meiotic transcripts for degradation by the exosome, and in protein degradation, by recruiting Ccr4-Not to its own inhibitor Mei2. These results have also revealed a novel role for the ubiquitin ligase activity of the Ccr4-Not subunit Mot2 in the control of sexual differentiation in fission yeast. Our supplemental results indicate that the YTH RNA-binding domain of Mmi1, but not the non-coding RNA meiRNA, is required for the degradation of Mei2. Remarkably, our results also revealed that the YTH domain of Mmi1 has a key role in the interaction with Mei2. This strongly suggests that the YTH domain acts as a bifunctional module, allowing the binding not only to meiotic RNAs but also to proteins, such as Mei2. We discuss these results within the context of the current literature and we propose a novel model for the control of sexual differentiation by the Mmi1-Mei2 system
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Lamiable, Olivier. "Identification et caractérisation des partenaires protéiques de DSP1 chez Drosophila melanogaster". Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00558801.
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Chez les eucaryotes pluricellulaires, la différenciation des cellules repose en partie sur l'activation oula répression des gènes. Les profils d'expression génique mis en place vont perdurer d'une générationcellulaire à l'autre. Ce phénomène met en jeu des mécanismes épigénétiques qui remodèlentlocalement la structure de la chromatine. Chez Drosophila melanogaster, les protéines des groupesPolycomb (PcG) et Trithorax (TrxG) participent au maintien du profil d'expression des gènes au coursdu développement. Les protéines PcG maintiennent les gènes réprimés tandis que les protéines TrxGmaintiennent les gènes activés. Une troisième classe de protéines nommée Enhancers of Trithoraxand Polycomb (ETP) module l'activité des PcG et TrxG. Dorsal Switch Protein 1 (DSP1) est uneprotéine HMGB (High Mobility Group B) classée comme une ETP. Par tamisage moléculaire, nousavions montré que la protéine DSP1 était présente au sein de complexes de poids moléculaire de 100kDa à 1 MDa. Le travail de thèse présenté ici a pour but d'identifier les partenaires de la protéineDSP1 dans l'embryon et de mieux connaître les propriétés biochimiques de DSP1. Premièrement, j'aimis en place puis effectué l'immunopurification des complexes contenant DSP1 dans des extraitsprotéiques embryonnaires. Cette approche nous a permis d'identifier 23 partenaires putatifs de laprotéine DSP1. Parmi ces protéines, nous avons identifié la protéine Rm62 qui est une ARN hélicaseà boîte DEAD. Les relations biologiques entre DSP1 et Rm62 ont été précisées. Deuxièmement, j'aidéterminé, par une approche biochimique, de nouvelles caractéristiques physico-chimiques de laprotéine DSP1.
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Bretones, Santamarina Jorge. "Integrated multiomic analysis, synthetic lethality inference and network pharmacology to identify SWI/SNF subunit-specific pathway alterations and targetable vulnerabilities". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASL049.
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De nos jours, la communauté scientifique s'accorde sur la nécessité de diagnostics et de thérapies personnalisés pour les patients atteints de cancer, conçus par des études translationnelles combinant approches expérimentales et statistiques. Les défis actuels incluent la validation de modèles expérimentaux précliniques et leur profilage multi-omiques, ainsi que la conception de méthodes bioinformatiques et mathématiques dédiées pour identifier les combinaisons de médicaments optimales pour chaque patient.Cette thèse a visé à concevoir de telles approches statistiques pour analyser différents types de données à grande échelle et les intégrer afin d'identifier les vulnérabilités ciblables des lignées cancéreuses. Nous nous sommes focalisés sur les altérations du complexe de remodelage de la chromatine SWI/SNF, muté dans ~20 % des cancers, pour lesquels aucune thérapie efficace n'est disponible. Nous avons utilisé un panel de lignées cellulaires isogéniques HAP1 mutées pour les sous-unités du complexe SWI/SNF ou d'autres enzymes épigénétiques, pour lesquelles des données de transcriptomique, protéomique et de criblage de médicaments étaient disponibles.Nous avons travaillé sur quatre axes méthodologiques. Premièrement, nous avons conçu une méthodologie optimisée d'enrichissement pour détecter les voies de régulation différentiellement activées entre mutants et type sauvage. Ensuite, nous avons croisé les résultats des criblages de médicaments et les bases d'interaction gène-médicament, pour inférer des voies de régulation ciblables spécifiquement chez les lignées mutantes. Ensuite, la validation de ces cibles potentielles a été réalisée à l'aide d'une nouvelle méthode détectant la létalité synthétique à partir de données transcriptomiques et CRISPR de lignées cancéreuses indépendantes du projet DepMap. Enfin, en vue de l'optimisation de thérapies multi-agents, nous avons conçu une première représentation digitale des voies de régulation ciblables pour les tumeurs mutées SMARCA4, en construisant un réseau dirigé d'interaction protéine-protéine reliant les cibles inférées des analyses multi-omiques HAP1 et CRISPR DepMap. Nous avons utilisé la base de données OmniPath pour récupérer les interactions protéiques directes et ajouté les protéines liant celles présentes dans le réseau avec l'algorithme Neko.Ces développements méthodologiques ont été appliqués aux ensembles de données disponibles pour le panel HAP1. En utilisant notre méthodologie d'enrichissement optimisée, nous avons identifié le Métabolisme des protéines comme la catégorie de voies de régulation la plus fréquemment dérégulée dans les lignées SWI/SNF-KO. Ensuite, l'analyse de criblage de médicaments a révélé des médicaments cytotoxiques et épigénétiques ciblant sélectivement les mutants SWI/SNF, notamment les inhibiteurs de CBP/EP300 ou de la respiration mitochondriale, également identifiés comme létaux synthétiques par notre analyse CRISPR DepMap. Ces résultats ont été validés dans deux modèles expérimentaux isogéniques indépendants. L'analyse CRISPR DepMap a également été utilisée pour identifier des interactions létales synthétiques dans le glioblastome, qui se sont révélées pertinentes pour des lignées cellulaires dérivées de patients et sont en cours de validation.En résumé, nous avons développé des méthodes computationnelles pour intégrer des données d'expression multi-omiques avec des criblages de médicaments et des tests CRISPR, et identifié de nouvelles vulnérabilités chez les mutants SWI/SNF, qui ont été validées expérimentalement. Cette étude était limitée à l'identification de monothérapies efficaces. Pour l'avenir, nous proposons de concevoir des modèles mathématiques représentant les réseaux de protéines ciblables à l'aide d'équations différentielles et de les utiliser dans des procédures d'optimisation numérique et d'apprentissage automatique pour étudier les cibles médicamenteuses concomitantes et personnaliser les combinaisons de médicamentsNowadays the cancer community agrees on the need for patient-tailored diagnostics and therapies, which calls for the design of translational studies combining experimental and statistical approaches. Current challenges include the validation of preclinical experimental models and their multi-omics profiling, along with the design of dedicated bioinformatics and mathematical pipelines (i.e. dimension reduction, multi-omics integration, mechanism-based digital twins) for identifying patient-specific optimal drug combinations.To address these challenges, we designed bioinformatics and statistical approaches to analyze various large-scale data types and integrate them to identify targetable vulnerabilities in cancer cell lines. We developed our pipeline in the context of alterations of the SWItch Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex. SWI/SNF mutations occur in ~20% of all cancers, but such malignancies still lack efficient therapies. We leveraged a panel of HAP1 isogenic cell lines mutated for SWI/SNF subunits or other epigenetic enzymes for which transcriptomics, proteomics and drug screening data were available.We worked on four methodological axes, the first one being the design of an optimized pathway enrichment pipeline to detect pathways differentially activated in the mutants against the wild-type. We developed a pruning algorithm to reduce gene and pathway redundancy in the Reactome database and improve the interpretability of the results. We evidenced the bad performance of first-generation enrichment methods and proposed to combine the topology-based method ROntoTools with pre-ranked GSEA to increase enrichment performance .Secondly, we analyzed drug screens, processed drug-gene interaction databases to obtain genes and pathways targeted by effective drugs and integrated them with proteomics enrichment results to infer targetable vulnerabilities selectively harming mutant cell lines. The validation of potential targets was achieved using a novel method detecting synthetic lethality from transcriptomics and CRISPR data of independent cancer cell lines in DepMap, run for each studied epigenetic enzyme. Finally, to further inform multi-agent therapy optimization, we designed a first digital representation of targetable pathways for SMARCA4-mutated tumors by building a directed protein-protein interaction network connecting targets inferred from multi-omics HAP1 and DepMap CRISPR analyses. We used the OmniPath database to retrieve direct protein interactions and added the connecting neighboring genes with the Neko algorithm.These methodological developments were applied to the HAP1 panel datasets. Using our optimized enrichment pipeline, we identified Metabolism of proteins as the most frequently dysregulated pathway category in SWI/SNF-KO lines. Next, the drug screening analysis revealed cytotoxic and epigenetic drugs selectively targeting SWI/SNF mutants, including CBP/EP300 or mitochondrial respiration inhibitors, also identified as synthetic lethal by our Depmap CRISPR analysis. Importantly, we validated these findings in two independent isogenic cancer-relevant experimental models. The Depmap CRISPR analysis was also used in a separate project to identify synthetic lethal interactions in glioblastoma, which proved relevant for patient-derived cell lines and are being validated in dedicated drug screens.To sum up, we developed computational methods to integrate multi-omics expression data with drug screening and CRISPR assays and identified new vulnerabilities in SWI/SNF mutants which were experimentally revalidated. This study was limited to the identification of effective single agents. As a future direction, we propose to design mathematical models representing targetable protein networks using differential equations and their use in numerical optimization and machine learning procedures as a key tool to investigate concomitant druggable targets and personalize drug combinations
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Black, Joshua Cranston. "A catalytic switch in p300 regulates preinitiation complex assembly". Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1782063051&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Desjardins, Pierre. "Novel mononuclear ruthenium bisphenylcyanamide complexes, precursors to a molecular switch". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ32430.pdf.
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Gaudot, Léa. "Mécanismes de réparation de l'ADN et de maintien de la stabilité génomique lors de la diversification des immunoglobulines". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ112.
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L’enzyme Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) initie la diversification des immunoglobulines (Ig) par l’induction de dommages à l’ADN. Alors que les lésions induites aux gènes des Ig sont cruciales pour l’établissement de réponses immunes hautement spécifiques et adaptées, ce même type de lésions provoquées ailleurs dans le génome contribue à la transformation cellulaire et à l’apparition de cancer. Les mécanismes impliqués dans la protection de l’intégrité génomique des cellules B restent à définir. D’une part, nous avons développé une approche de protéomique locus-unique en couplant une technique d’identification de protéine par biotinylation de proximité avec l’outil d’édition du génome CRISPR/Cas9. Cette technique innovante, dont nous avons fait la preuve de principe pour des loci abondants, pourra être utilisée pour identifier le protéome des différentes cibles génomiques d’AID. D’autre part, nous avons caractérisé le rôle de Parp3, Parp9 et Med1, identifiées comme partenaires d’AID, éclairant ainsi les mécanismes qui contrôlent l’activité d’AID et la réparation des lésions induites par AID lors de la diversification des IgActivation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) initiates immunoglobulin (Ig) diversification by inducing DNA damage. While on-target lesions are crucial for mounting highly specific and adaptive immune responses, off-target lesions contribute to malignant cell transformation. Despite its implications, the events following AID recruitment that enforce genome integrity in B cells remain poorly defined. It is not understood why multiple non-Ig loci bound by AID are not mutated or why AID-induced DNA lesions may lead to mutations or DNA breaks. To address this question, we developed a single-locus proteomic approach coupling proximity-dependent protein identification and genome editing (CRISPR/Cas9) to identify and compare the proteins recruited at individual genomic loci bound by AID. We performed the proof of principle of this innovative tool by identifying the proteome of abundant genomic loci. On the other hand, we functionally characterized Parp3, Parp9 and Med1, identified as AID partners, revealing novel mechanisms that tightly control AID activity and DNA repair during Ig diversification
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McKinley, Andrew W. "Photophysics of light switch ruthenium complexes and their interactions with DNA". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492080.
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The luminescent DNA probe [Ru(phen)2dppz]2+, ruthenium (bis-1,10-phenanthroline di-pyrido-[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine), was the first tris-bidentate ruthenium complex to be shown unequivocally to intercalate DNA, which it achieves via insertion of the extended dipyridophenazine (dppz) ligand. The complex is non-luminescent in aqueous solution but emits strongly in organic solvents, micelles and DNA, with a quantum yield that depends on polarity, H-bonding, and protic ability of the medium. Studies of complexes with methylated dppz derivatives in a range of solvents have shown that a number of solvent factors influence the luminescent switching behaviour, the most intriguing of which is the implication of hydrogen bond formation between the dppz ligand and solvent molecules.
Książki na temat "Complexe SWItch"
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Nishikawa, Michihiro. Photofunctionalization of Molecular Switch Based on Pyrimidine Ring Rotation in Copper Complexes. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54625-2.
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1962-, Edwards James, red. The all-new switch book: The complete guide to LAN switching technology. Wyd. 2. Indianapolis, IN: Wiley Pub., 2008.
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Bokhari, Shahid H. Multiphase complete exchange on a circuit switched hypercube. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1991.
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Holzhey, Christoph F. E., red. Multistable Figures. Vienna: Turia + Kant, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.37050/ci-08.
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Multistable figures offer an intriguing model for arbitrating conflicting positions. Moving back and forth between the different aspects under which something can be seen, one recognizes that mutually contradictory descriptions can be equally valid and that disputes over the correct account can be resolved without dissolving differences or establishing a higher synthesis. Yet, the experience of a gestalt switch also offers a model for radical conversions and revolutions – that is, for irreversible leaps to incommensurable alternatives foiling ideals of rational choice while providing the possibility and necessity of decision. Accentuating the temporal dimensions of multistable figures, this multidisciplinary volume illuminates the critical potentials and limits of multistability as a complex figure of thought.
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Switch: The Complete Catullus. Carcanet Press, Limited, 2023.
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Gill, Melanie. Bound to Switch - the Complete Collection. Independently Published, 2017.
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Thorne, Sara, i Sarah Bowater. Transposition complexes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198759959.003.0013.
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Transposition complexes refer to hearts in which there is a reversal in the relationship between the ventricles and great arteries, i.e. there is ventriculoarterial discordance. Thus, the right ventricle gives rise to the aorta and supports the systemic circulation, whilst the left ventricle becomes the subpulmonary ventricle. There are two types of transposition: complete transposition of the great arteries (TGA) and congenitally corrected TGA. This chapter discusses complete TGA, including interarterial repair (Mustard or Senning operation), arterial switch operation, and Rastelli operation. It also covers congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA), including atrioventricular (AV) and ventriculoarterial (VA) discordance.
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Gamer, Master. Nintendo Switch The Complete Unofficial User Guide: Getting Started, Setup, Using your Switch, Games, & Much More! Gamer Guides LLC, 2019.
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Seifert, Rich. Switch Book: The Complete Guide to LAN Switching Technology. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2008.
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Liu, Qingli. Switched-capacitor complex filters. 1986.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Complexe SWItch"
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Tock, Christian, Julien Frey i Jean Pierre Sauvage. "Transition Metal-Complexed Catenanes and Rotaxanes as Molecular Machine Prototypes". W Molecular Switches, 97–119. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527634408.ch4.
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Kobayashi, Yoichi, i Jiro Abe. "Photochromism of Pentaarylbiimidazoles and Phenoxyl-Imidazolyl Radical Complexes". W Photon-Working Switches, 153–67. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56544-4_7.
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Hammond, Jeremy. "Switch-reference antecedence and subordination in Whitesands (Oceanic)". W Information Structure and Reference Tracking in Complex Sentences, 263–90. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.105.09ham.
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Halač, Armin. "Space Switches". W A Complete Guide to Character Rigging for Games Using Blender, 253–56. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003263166-30.
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Guerchais, Véronique, Julien Boixel i Hubert Le Bozec. "Linear and Nonlinear Optical Molecular Switches Based on Photochromic Metal Complexes". W Photon-Working Switches, 363–84. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56544-4_18.
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Overall, Simon E. "Clause chaining, switch reference and nominalisations in Aguaruna (Jivaroan)". W Information Structure and Reference Tracking in Complex Sentences, 309–40. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.105.11ove.
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Buchanan, W. J. "Network design, switches and vLANs". W The Complete Handbook of the Internet, 391–407. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-306-48331-8_16.
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Azuma, Shun-ichi, Tomomi Takegami i Yoshito Hirata. "Control of Unstabilizable Switched Systems". W Analysis and Control of Complex Dynamical Systems, 161–69. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55013-6_12.
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Guo, Lei. "On Stabilization of Switched Linear Systems". W Control and Modeling of Complex Systems, 199–211. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0023-9_13.
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Ma, Dan, i Georgi M. Dimirovski. "Passivity-Based Switching Rule and Control Law Co-design of Networked Switched Systems with Feedback Delays". W Complex Systems, 119–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28860-4_6.
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Luo, Yujie, Thomas Christensen i Ognjen Ilic. "Tunable Nanophotonic Materials for Multispectral Reconfigurability". W Novel Optical Materials and Applications, NoTh1D.2. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/noma.2024.noth1d.2.
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We show that active metasurface networks can accurately emulate and switch between complex spectral profiles, such as those of gases. This multispectral reconfigurability applies to coupled networks in active materials, including 2D or phase-change materials.
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Wei, Zequn, Jianing Yu, Jintong Ren, Wei Duan i Dexin Wu. "Progressive Simulated Annealing Algorithm for the Pipeline Allocation Problem of Protocol Independent Switch Architecture Chips". W 2024 6th International Conference on Data-driven Optimization of Complex Systems (DOCS), 243–49. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/docs63458.2024.10704552.
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Nightingale, J. L., J. S. Vrhel i T. E. Salac. "Low-Voltage, Polarization-Independent Optical Switch in Ti-Indiffused Lithium Niobate". W Integrated and Guided Wave Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/igwo.1989.maa3.
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Polarization-independent optical switches are attractive in fiber optic instrumentation and telecommunication systems because of their compatibility with conventional optical fiber. Several different types of polarization-independent switches have been proposed and demonstrated [1-3]. In general, these switches have had high switching voltages, complex electrode structures, or demanding fabrication tolerances. We report on a new type of polarization-independent switch, using the balanced-bridge switch concept. This switch employs a simple electrode structure, has a low switching voltage, and is inherently polarization insensitive. Using this concept, we have demonstrated polarization-independent switching at optical wavelengths of 830 and 1150 nm.
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Xu, Kebin, Haiying Xu, Yang Yuan, Youlong Yu, Yuhuan Xu i Deri Zhu. "Real time associative holographic memory with liquid crystal electrooptical switches". W OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1989.tht29.
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The optical implementations of associative memory based on various thresholding and feedback schemes have been demonstrated recently.1,2 We here show a real time parallel optical associative memory system implemented with a KNSBN:Co crystal as recording medium and liquid crystal electrooptic switched as a reflective thresholding device to provide binary thresholding response. In our experiment, two original images, HIT and XXY, are stored in KNSBN:Co crystal at the Fourier plane through interfering with angular multiplexed reference beams. When the system is addressed by a half of one of the stored objects, the detecting beam split from its autocorrelation beam is higher than the thresholding power of 14.7 µW of the liquid crystal electrooptic switch, but the detecting power of its cross-correlation beam is lower than the thresholding power. The autocorrelation peak corresponding to the partial input switches the liquid crystal electrooptic switch into the transmissive state. Switching the liquid crystal electrooptic switch allows the counterpropagating beam to read out the hologram and a complete image is reconstructed. Thus, the no iteration system demonstrates the ability to retrieve the correct memory element without crosstalk.
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McAdams, L. R., A. M. Gerrish, R. F. Kalman i J. W. Goodman. "Optical Crossbar Switch with Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers". W Photonics in Switching. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ps.1993.pmd2.1.
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Semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) have a number of attractive properties for use in photonic switches. SOAs offer nanosecond switching times, extinction ratios in excess of 40 dB, and small signal gains of approximately 15 dB. In addition they can be monolithically integrated, and thus can potentially be fabricated in volume and used in large switch matrices. Here we report on our recent demonstration of an 8×8 optical crossbar switch based upon discrete SOAs. Other authors [1-3] have reported on SOA-based optical switches at the device level. Our work focuses on the demonstration of the technology at the system level. This demonstration is a significant step towards the widespread use of SOA-based optical switches because it provides a testbed for exploring and identifying the relationships between device parameters and system performance requirements. A block diagram of the optical crossbar switch is shown in Figure 1. The switch is constructed in a modular fashion and consists of optical, digital, analog, and computer modules. Figure 2 shows two photographs of the completed optical crossbar switch.
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McAdams, L. R., A. M. Gerrish, R. F. Kalman i J. W. Goodman. "Optical Crossbar Switch with Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers". W Photonics in Switching. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ps.1993.sds116.
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Semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) have a number of attractive properties for use in photonic switches. SOAs offer nanosecond switching times, extinction ratios in excess of 40 dB, and small signal gains of approximately 15 dB. In addition they can be monolithically integrated, and thus can potentially be fabricated in volume and used in large switch matrices. Here we report on our recent demonstration of an 8×8 optical crossbar switch based upon discrete SOAs. Other authors [1-3] have reported on SOA-based optical switches at the device level. Our work focuses on the demonstration of the technology at the system level. This demonstration is a significant step towards the widespread use of SOA-based optical switches because it provides a testbed for exploring and identifying the relationships between device parameters and system performance requirements. A block diagram of the optical crossbar switch is shown in Figure 1. The switch is constructed in a modular fashion and consists of optical, digital, analog, and computer modules. Figure 2 shows a photograph of the completed optical crossbar switch.
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Mijatović, Vidoje, i Predrag Bajčetić. "REŠENJE ZA UNAPREĐENJE SISTEMA ZEMLJOSPOJNOG PREKIDAČA". W 36. Savetovanja CIGRE Srbija 2023 Fleksibilnost elektroenergetskog sistema. Srpski nacionalni komitet Međunarodnog saveta za velike električne mreže CIGRE Srbija, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/cigre36.0934m.
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In the area of the former "Elektrovojvodina", in transformer station 110/20 kV, the ground switch circuit break system was installed as a forced solution until the old low-oil circuit breakers, which have far exceeded their service life, are replaced. This system "extinguished" any transient earth fault by short-term grounding of the phase affected by the fault, without the need to disconnect the feeder on which the fault occurred. After the replacement of worn-out switches with new ones, this system continued to work because extremely high success rate in resolving transient faults, and absence of interruptions at the low voltage level. The main problem of this system that we have faced during exploitation is the jamming of the pole in the first version of the ground switch or the loss of vacuum in circuit breaker chamber, in the newer version of the ground switch. When these events occur, the entire electrical supply system to which the ground switch is connected fails. Detection of its failure is extremely complex. Namely, the ground switch, apparently, works correctly: he is still trying to solve the ground fault he himself caused. This problem was solved by connecting the ground switch system to the MV bus via a feeder cell that was used only for that purpose. That cell was fully equipped with a switch, disconnectors, current measuring transformers and a protective device. The main disadvantage of this solution is, beside the questionable economic justification, taking the place of a one feeder. In this paper, we present the solution implemented in TS 110/20 kV Apatin. Namely, we used the existing automation device and the existing cell of the ground switch, in which we added a fourth pole in serial with three poles, between the poles and the ground. This pole is permanently switched on and remotely controlled, and which, in the event of a fault, is set to disconnect the poles and grounding, blocks the automation and sends an alarm to the dispatch center that the ground switch is faulty. In this way, we prevented the outage of the power supply of large amount of consumers, reduced the failure diagnostics time to zero and increased the reliability of the power supply of all consumers supplied from the given transformer area.
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Putnam, Roger S., i J. Barry McManus. "Programmable holographic switching for VLSI Interconnect". W OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1986.wq3.
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We report the development of a demonstration optical interconnect module for VLSI using holograms and liquid crystal switches. The objective was a global switching module. The design is a solid optical system using compact liquid crystal polarizing switches integrated in a packed array of polarizing beam splitters which feed the individual holograms. The need is an N × N crossbar switch to reprogram efficient hardwired machines. However most of the possible interconnect patterns are thought to be unnecessary or essentially redundant in a highly parallel system and access to a small number of intelligently selected data patterns would approach the speed possible with an exhaustive crossbar switch. The holographic multiplexer can provide the needed set of complex data flow patterns, accomplishing updates with the addition of new holograms. The optical interconnect has N sources and N detectors giving a system complexity of order N. An electronic crossbar has N input and output lines but the number of switches grow as N-squared, which is expected to become a problem as N grows beyond 1000.
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Zhao, Jian, Yu Huang, Pengbo Liu, Qifei Fang i Renjing Gao. "Nonlinear Design Model for Multi-Threshold Accelerometer Utilizing Magnetic Induced Multistable Mechanisms". W ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85868.
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Different from traditional accelerometer, multi-threshold acceleration switch can be triggered to different working states by external accelerations without complex auxiliary circuits and controlling elements, which has great application potentials in aerospace, vehicle safety and consumer electronics. In this paper, a novel multi-threshold acceleration switch with anti-overloading function is designed and fabricated by incorporating both magnetic multi-stable structures and compliant cantilever contacts, which also can be used to distinguish specific acceleration pulse. To enhance the contact reliability, the magnetic compliant locking mechanism is introduced to prevent bouncing back phenomenon under overload acceleration. Considering the air-damping and multi-magnetic fields coupling effect, the dynamic design model is proposed for analyzing the nonlinear switch response. Then, threshold accelerations can be determined as ac1 = 3.78g, ac2 = 10.2g and ac3 = 6.95g in one direction while threshold accelerations in opposite direction are ac4 = 4.9g, ac5 = 8.47g and ac6 = 5.6g. The switch shows excellent threshold acceleration detection capability, and the inertial switch keeps open while the external acceleration is 0.2g less than the predefined threshold value. The experimental results show that the threshold acceleration with specific pulse width can be accurately identified, and the switch can bear strong overload acceleration comparing to traditional switches. Consequently, the proposed design method provides a new way for intelligent mechanical inertial sensors.
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Trezza, J. A., J. Powell, M. Morf i J. S. Harris. "Vertical Cavity X-Modulators". W Photonics in Switching. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ps.1995.pthd4.
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Recently, we have experimentally developed two types of ideal optoelectronic switches using Fabry-Perot vertical, III-V semiconductor structures. Zero chirp reflectivity modulators operate as pure optical amplitude switches;1 vertical cavity phase flip modulators (VCPPM) operate as pure optical phase switches.2 The later display large intensity output in both of the device’s states and switching occurrs by altering phase between 0° and 180°. In this work we describe a photon conserving, reversible intensity switch. In this device, known as an X-modulator, the incident power is either transmitted through or reflected from the device. Reversibility indicates that the device is designed so that the outputs for light incident from both the top and bottom of the structure are nearly identical. The device ideally does not modify total amplitude or phase, but merely routes incident photons. Thus the X-modulator provides the third of the three desirable optical modulators: amplitude modulator, phase modulator, direction modulator. By being both conservative and reversible, the device is uniquely capable of performing complex optical switching, routing, and logic.3 The device is essentially a vertical cavity, electro-optical realization of an X-gate (sometimes referred to as a Fredkin Gate) which is a primitive structure into which all logic functions can be decomposed. The first experimental device, when switched with an applied bias of 40V, modulates from (T ~ 60%, R~ 6%) to (T ~ 6%, R~ 60%). We will discuss individual device design including the optimization of the device parameter space: lower voltage, optical bandwidth, modulation ratio, insertion loss, and how to match these devices to electronics. In addition, theoretical and experimental results of stacked devices and the use of graded buffers to reduce electric field requirements will be explained as will issues such as device crosstalk in cross bar switches.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Complexe SWItch"
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Simmons, Justin. Complete and Exact Small Signal Analysis of DC-to-DC Switched Power Converters Under Various Operating Modes and Control Methods. Portland State University Library, styczeń 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.195.
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Balat, Jorge, Juan Esteban Carranza, Juan David Martin i Álvaro Riascos. El efecto de cambios en la regulación del mercado mayorista de electricidad en Colombia en un modelo estructural de subastas complejas. Banco de la República, październik 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1211.
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We investigate the effects of a change in the regulation of the spot market for electricity in Colombia that took place in 2009. Specifically, the regulation switched from an auction mechanism with simple bids to one with complex bids to allow generators to separately bid on variable and quasi-fixed components. This greater flexibility was introduced to reduce production inefficiencies that arise from non-convexities in the cost structures of thermal generators. In this paper, we estimate and compute a structural model to quantify the effects of this change on allocation efficiency along with the effects on the wholesale price of electricity in Colombia. Consistently with previous reduced form evidence, we show that the production efficiency increased under the new dispatch mechanism, but prices increased.
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Unzeta, Bruno Bueno, Jan de Boer, Ruben Delvaeye, Bertrand Deroisy, Marc Fontoynont, Daniel Neves Pimenta, Per Reinhold, Sophie Stoffer i Robert Weitlaner. Review of lighting and daylighting control systems. IEA SHC Task 61, luty 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task61-2021-0003.
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There is a large number of control systems proposed either by lighting manufacturers or motor manufacturers for shading systems. In addition there are many other solutions proposed by specific manufacturers of Building Management Systems (BMS) or manufacturers of components to be installed in luminaires and switches, as well as in the electric lighting architecture (transformers, gateways to the internet, sensors, etc.). For many consumers -i.e.-the installer, the facility manager, or the final user (building occupant) – this forms a complex and dynamic market environment with high frequent changes, every year or even every month or day. In this report we aim to provide some basic strategic information, showing the status of the supply at the time this report was written (2019-2021). Although the market develops very fast, there are principles of controls which are rather independent of the progress of technology.
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Osadchyi, Viacheslav, Hanna Varina, Evgeniy Prokofiev, Iryna Serdiuk i Svetlana Shevchenko. Use of AR/VR Technologies in the Development of Future Specialists' Stress Resistance: Experience of STEAM-Laboratory and Laboratory of Psychophysiological Research Cooperation. [б. в.], listopad 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4455.
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The scientific article deals with the analysis of peculiarities of the use of innovative AR/VR technologies in the process of developing future special- ists’ stress resistance. Based on the analysis of the introduction of AR/VR tech- nologies in the context of the implementation of a competency-based approach to higher education; modern studies on the impact of augmented reality on the emotional states and physiological features of a person in a stressful situation, the experience of cooperation of students and teachers at the Laboratory of Psy- chophysiological Research and STEAM-Laboratory has been described. Within the framework of the corresponding concept of cooperation, an integrative ap- proach to the process of personality’s stress resistance development has been designed and implemented. It is based on the complex combination of tradition- al psycho-diagnostic and training technologies with innovative AR/VR technol- ogies. According to the results it has been revealed that the implementation of a psycho-correction program with elements of AR technologies has promoted an increase of the level of personality’s emotional stability and stress resistance. The level of future specialists’ situational and personal anxiety has decreased; the level of insecurity, inferiority, anxiety about work, sensitivity to failures has also decreased; the level of flexibility of thinking and behavior, ability to switch from one type of activity to another one has increased; general level of person- ality’s adaptive abilities has also increased. The perspectives of further research include the analysis of the impact of AR/VR technologies on the future profes- sionals’ psychological characteristics in order to optimize the process of im- plementing a learner-centered approach into the system of higher education.
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Heinz, Kevin, Itamar Glazer, Moshe Coll, Amanda Chau i Andrew Chow. Use of multiple biological control agents for control of western flower thrips. United States Department of Agriculture, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7613875.bard.
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The western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is a serious widespread pest of vegetable and ornamental crops worldwide. Chemical control for Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on floriculture or vegetable crops can be difficult because this pest has developed resistance to many insecticides and also tends to hide within flowers, buds, and apical meristems. Predatory bugs, predatory mites, and entomopathogenic nematodes are commercially available in both the US and Israel for control of WFT. Predatory bugs, such as Orius species, can suppress high WFT densities but have limited ability to attack thrips within confined plant parts. Predatory mites can reach more confined habitats than predatory bugs, but kill primarily first-instar larvae of thrips. Entomopathogenic nematodes can directly kill or sterilize most thrips stages, but have limited mobility and are vulnerable to desiccation in certain parts of the crop canopy. However, simultaneous use of two or more agents may provide both effective and cost efficient control of WFT through complimentary predation and/or parasitism. The general goal of our project was to evaluate whether suppression of WFT could be enhanced by inundative or inoculative releases of Orius predators with either predatory mites or entomopathogenic nematodes. Whether pest suppression is best when single or multiple biological control agents are used, is an issue of importance to the practice of biological control. For our investigations in Texas, we used Orius insidiosus(Say), the predatory mite, Amblyseius degeneransBerlese, and the predatory mite, Amblyseius swirskii(Athias-Henriot). In Israel, the research focused on Orius laevigatus (Fieber) and the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema felpiae. Our specific objectives were to: (1) quantify the spatial distribution and population growth of WFT and WFT natural enemies on greenhouse roses (Texas) and peppers (Israel), (2) assess interspecific interactions among WFT natural enemies, (3) measure WFT population suppression resulting from single or multiple species releases. Revisions to our project after the first year were: (1) use of A. swirskiiin place of A. degeneransfor the majority of our predatory mite and Orius studies, (2) use of S. felpiaein place of Thripinema nicklewoodi for all of the nematode and Orius studies. We utilized laboratory experiments, greenhouse studies, field trials and mathematical modeling to achieve our objectives. In greenhouse trials, we found that concurrent releases of A.degeneranswith O. insidiosusdid not improve control of F. occidentalis on cut roses over releases of only O. insidiosus. Suppression of WFT by augmentative releases A. swirskiialone was superior to augmentative releases of O. insidiosusalone and similar to concurrent releases of both predator species on cut roses. In laboratory studies, we discovered that O. insidiosusis a generalist predator that ‘switches’ to the most abundant prey and will kill significant numbers of A. swirskiior A. degeneransif WFTbecome relatively less abundant. Our findings indicate that intraguild interactions between Orius and Amblyseius species could hinder suppression of thrips populations and combinations of these natural enemies may not enhance biological control on certain crops. Intraguild interactions between S. felpiaeand O. laevigatus were found to be more complex than those between O. insidiosusand predatory mites. In laboratory studies, we found that S. felpiaecould infect and kill either adult or immature O. laevigatus. Although adult O. laevigatus tended to avoid areas infested by S. felpiaein Petri dish arenas, they did not show preference between healthy WFT and WFT infected with S. felpiaein choice tests. In field cage trials, suppression of WFT on sweet-pepper was similar in treatments with only O. laevigatus or both O. laevigatus and S. felpiae. Distribution and numbers of O. laevigatus on pepper plants also did not differ between cages with or without S. felpiae. Low survivorship of S. felpiaeafter foliar applications to sweet-pepper may explain, in part, the absence of effects in the field trials. Finally, we were interested in how differential predation on different developmental stages of WFT (Orius feeding on WFT nymphs inhabiting foliage and flowers, nematodes that attack prepupae and pupae in the soil) affects community dynamics. To better understand these interactions, we constructed a model based on Lotka-Volterra predator-prey theory and our simulations showed that differential predation, where predators tend to concentrate on one WFT stage contribute to system stability and permanence while predators that tend to mix different WFT stages reduce system stability and permanence.
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Peru: Tell clients how to use their chosen method. Population Council, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh2000.1025.
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In 1998, the Peruvian Ministry of Health (MOH) issued quality of care norms to ensure that family planning providers respond to clients’ reproductive health care needs and goals. In mid-1999, the Population Council collaborated with the MOH on a study to determine whether length of counseling sessions affects amount of information provided. The study focused on 19 health centers in 10 urban areas. Six simulated clients (women posing as clients) made a total of 114 visits to the health centers during June–July 1999. Each client was trained to say that she wanted to switch from the rhythm method to a more effective method. After counseling, she chose the injectable Depo-Provera but stated that she wished to consult her husband before beginning use. To assess the quality of counseling, simulated clients completed a checklist after each visit, indicating what information had been given. This brief concludes that family planning providers in Peru need to focus more closely on giving clients relevant information on their chosen method and asking key questions to make the most effective use of the time available for client counseling.