Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Complex societal problems”
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DeTombe, Dorien J. "Methodology for Handling Complex Societal Problems". Bulletin of Sociological Methodology/Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique 68, nr 1 (październik 2000): 51–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/075910630006800121.
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DeTombe, Dorien J. "Methodology for handling complex societal problems". European Journal of Operational Research 128, nr 2 (styczeń 2001): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-2217(00)00065-5.
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DeTombe, Dorien J. "Complex Societal Problems in Operational Research". European Journal of Operational Research 140, nr 2 (lipiec 2002): 232–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-2217(02)00066-8.
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DeTombe, Dorien J. "Compram, a method for handling complex societal problems". European Journal of Operational Research 128, nr 2 (styczeń 2001): 266–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-2217(00)00070-9.
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DeTombe, Dorien. "Societal problems more complex than presumed: The Compram methodology". Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 26, nr 3 (24.05.2017): 303–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11518-017-5334-8.
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Costa Junior, Jairo da, Jan Carel Diehl i Fernando Secomandi. "Educating for a systems design approach to complex societal problems". Journal of Engineering Design 29, nr 3 (7.02.2018): 65–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09544828.2018.1436162.
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Mochmann, Ingvill, i Dorien DeTombe. "The COMPRAM Methodology and Complex Societal Problems-an Analysis of the Case of Children Born of War". Organizacija 43, nr 3 (1.05.2010): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10051-010-0012-3.
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The COMPRAM Methodology and Complex Societal Problems-an Analysis of the Case of Children Born of WarDuring and after wars children are born where the father is a member of an occupation or peacekeeping force and the mother a local citizen. Securing the human rights of children born of war is often highly complex and involves researchers and practitioners from different disciplines. The Compram methodology on handling complex societal problems will be applied to analyse whether the methodology is suitable on this group of war-affected children. The Compram methodology is a multi disciplined, multi level, multi actor methodology based on the theory of societal complexity. The methodology gives guidelines to handle real life complex societal problems.
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Liebl, F. "The anatomy of complex societal problems and its implications for OR". Journal of the Operational Research Society 53, nr 2 (luty 2002): 161–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2601293.
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DeTombe, Dorien J. "Introduction to the field of methodology for handling complex societal problems". European Journal of Operational Research 128, nr 2 (styczeń 2001): 231–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-2217(00)00066-7.
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Bammer, Gabriele. "Should science communication become part of a discipline of integration and implementation sciences (i2S)?" Journal of Science Communication 19, nr 04 (1.09.2020): C04. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.19040304.
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Science communication is essential for inter- and trans-disciplinary research on complex societal and environmental problems. Two aspects are explored as examples: 1) helping teams understand the systemic nature of such problems and 2) helping collaborations run effectively. Integration and implementation sciences (i2S) is a new discipline that addresses such aspects of dealing with complex problems that, notably, are not covered by existing disciplines. By becoming part of i2S, science communication will be linked with other communities of practice, resulting in an overall improvement in the ability of research to effectively contribute to tackling complex societal and environmental problems.
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Waddell, Steve. "Societal Change Systems". Journal of Applied Behavioral Science 52, nr 4 (21.09.2016): 422–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021886316666374.
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Problems referred to as wicked, messy, complex, and meta-level, by their very nature, require involving multiple and diverse organizations. Issues such as climate change, poverty, sustainable agriculture, and health care involve many hundreds of organizations at a national level; at a global level this easily increases to many thousands. Emerging their collective power into an effective force represents an enormous organizing challenge. Drawing from complexity and global networking knowledge, and building on the concept of “innovation system,” this article develops the concept of “societal change system” as a framework to support addressing the organizing challenge. This arose through analysis of global change initiatives aiming to integrate sustainability concerns into the production of electricity, which included a meeting of leaders of such change initiatives. The activities produced recommendations for greatly enhancing change efforts with pragmatic steps to develop the societal change system in which they are embedded.
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Carvalho, Hamilton Coimbra, i Jose Afonso Mazzon. "Embracing complex social problems". Journal of Social Marketing 10, nr 1 (18.09.2019): 54–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsocm-03-2019-0049.
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Purpose This paper aims to expose the inadequacy of social marketing to tackle complex social problems, while proposing an expansion in the discipline’ conceptual repertoire. The goal is to incorporate complexity tools, in particular from the system dynamics field, and the promotion of mindware within a true transdisciplinary paradigm. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses literature review to support the proposed theoretical development. It also presents a short case study. Findings Most problems that plague our modern societies have a distinctive complex nature that is not amenable to traditional social marketing interventions. Social marketing has simplified the problem of bringing about societal change by thinking that upstream social actors can be influenced in the same way as downstream individuals. This paper shows that this is not the case while proposing a framework to close this gap. Research limitations/implications The proposed framework is a theoretical one. It depends on further refinements and actual application to wicked problems. Practical implications Complex social problems – or wicked problems – remain widespread in modern societies. Moreover, they are getting worse over time. The paper presents a proposal to redefine the limits of the social marketing discipline so it can be more useful to tackle such problems. Practical approaches such as measuring the success of mindware in the marketplace of ideas are implied in the proposed framework. Social implications The increase in complexity of social problems has not been accompanied by an evolution in the discipline of social marketing. The lack of proper conceptual tools has prevented the discipline from contributing to tackling these problems effectively. Some interventions may actually worsen the underlying problems, as illustrated in the paper. Originality/value This paper identifies two major gaps associated with the social marketing discipline, in particular the lack of complexity and systems thinking and the forsaking of ideas (mindware) as a legitimate goal of the discipline. This realization corroborates the claim that boundaries among disciplines are often artificial, hindering the proper understanding of complex social problems. In turn, only the use of adequate conceptual lenses makes it possible to devise interventions and programs that tackle actual causes (instead of symptoms) of complex social problems.
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Domalewska, Dorota. "Counteracting Threats to Societal Security at School". Safety & Defense 6, nr 1 (1.05.2020): 31–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37105/sd.63.
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As Poland is becoming a more attractive destination for immigrants, Polish schools need to develop relevant solutions that can assist the integration of immi-grant students into Polish society. The objective of this study is threefold. Firstly, the paper aims to discuss the role of schools in counteracting threats to societal security resulting from increased migration. Secondly, the study investigates im-migration policy and educational solutions in Poland. Finally, we evaluate educa-tional solutions implemented in schools to facilitate the integration of immigrant children, their safety, as well as discuss the difficulties and advantages resulting from the presence of foreign students in Polish schools. The study shows that schools play a special role in educating young people about societal values, personal safety and societal security. Educational solutions aiming at immigrant integration need to be investigated in the context of multidimensional legislation on immigra-tion. The findings of the quantitative analysis relate to the solutions adopted by Polish schools that assist the integration of foreign students. They also shed light on the problems and benefits of having heterogeneous classes. Most schools in Po-land offer foreign students a number of educational opportunities related to Polish language acquisition, academic performance (e.g. remedial lessons) and social inte-gration. Inability to speak Polish is the greatest problem at schools, which is the root cause of other complex problems, such as foreign students’ falling behind with schoolwork, slower pace of the lesson, and discipline problems.
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Jaser, Edward, Yazan Doofesh i Luminita Mihalachi. "Gaming Concepts for Tackling Societal Challenges: A Preliminary Survey and Analysis". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 12, nr 5 (30.01.2014): 3515–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v12i5.2923.
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Governments, and to a certain extent non-governmental organizations, around the world have to continuously deal with complex and dynamic societal challenges. One approach that has gained increasing popularity over the last two decades is the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) as a tool to enhance impact and deliver efficiency and effectiveness. Therefore, we have been witnessing wide spectrum of ICT interventions to address and inhibit challenging and complex societal problems. One area of ICT that has been attracting more attention recently is the use of games and gaming concepts for this purpose. In this paper, we provide analysis about major societal challenges that are shared internationally and analyse video games that are designed to address these challenges
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Jha, Srivardhini K., E. Richard Gold i Laurette Dubé. "Modular Interorganizational Network Governance: A Conceptual Framework for Addressing Complex Social Problems". Sustainability 13, nr 18 (15.09.2021): 10292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810292.
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We develop a conceptual governance framework to guide creating and managing a modular interorganizational network to address complex social problems. Drawing on theoretical foundations in modularity and interorganizational networks, we propose that modularizing complex social problems is a dialectic, emergent process that blends a convener-led network formation with a consultative problem definition and solution design. We also posit that social systems are imperfectly modular and need purposefully designed interface governance to integrate the modules. Finally, we advance how leveraging modularity may simultaneously advance the interests of participating actors and deliver societal value. Together, the propositions advance a governance framework for a modular, multi-actor adaptive system suited to tackle the scale, diversity, and dynamics of complex social problems.
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Schruijer, Sandra. "The Dynamics of Interorganizational Collaborative Relationships: Introduction". Administrative Sciences 10, nr 3 (11.08.2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci10030053.
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In all spheres of life, relationships among public and private organizations are built in order to deal with complex societal problems and to address economic challenges that cannot be dealt with by single organizations [...]
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Marien, Hans, Ruud Custers i Henk Aarts. "Studying Human Habits in Societal Context: Examining Support for a Basic Stimulus–Response Mechanism". Current Directions in Psychological Science 28, nr 6 (9.09.2019): 614–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721419868211.
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Human habits are considered to be an important root of societal problems. The significance of habits has been demonstrated for a variety of behaviors in different domains, such as work, transportation, health, and ecology, suggesting that habits have a pervasive impact on human life. Studying and changing habits in societal context requires a broad view of behavior, which poses a challenge for applying basic models to complex human habits. We address the conceptualization and operationalization of habits in the current literature and note that claims about the role of habits in societal context rarely agree with the basic definition of habits as goal-independent behavior. We consider future directions that are important for making progress in the study of habit change in societal context.
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Funke, Joachim. "It Requires More Than Intelligence to Solve Consequential World Problems". Journal of Intelligence 9, nr 3 (19.07.2021): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence9030038.
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What are consequential world problems? As “grand societal challenges”, one might define them as problems that affect a large number of people, perhaps even the entire planet, including problems such as climate change, distributive justice, world peace, world nutrition, clean air and clean water, access to education, and many more. The “Sustainable Development Goals”, compiled by the United Nations, represent a collection of such global problems. From my point of view, these problems can be seen as complex. Such complex problems are characterized by the complexity, connectivity, dynamics, intransparency, and polytely of their underlying systems. These attributes require special competencies for dealing with the uncertainties of the given domains, e.g., critical thinking. My position is that it is not IQ, but complex problem-solving competencies for dealing with complex and dynamic situations, that is important for handling consequential global problems. These problems require system competencies, i.e., competencies that go beyond analytical intelligence, and comprise systems understanding as well as systems control. Complex problem solving is more than analytic intelligence.
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Ackermann, Nicole, i Bengü Kavadarli. "Civic argumentation in the economic domain: Examining upper high school students’ arguments on socio-economic problems in a performance test by applying a domain-specific analytical framework". Citizenship, Social and Economics Education 21, nr 1 (14.12.2021): 22–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20471734211050283.
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Civic argumentation refers to societal problems that may affect various scientific disciplines. Societal problems are complex and their possible solutions controversial. Making informed and reasoned decisions on these problems requires domain-specific content knowledge and domain-specific argumentation skills. This study addresses argumentation on societal problems in the economic domain. It examines 159 high school students’ written arguments on two socio-economic problems in a performance test by applying a domain-specific analytical framework with quality criteria for argument structure and content and by using qualitative content analysis, cluster analysis and variance analysis. Our findings show that students’ argument structure did not substantially vary between the two test tasks, but their argument content did. Students tended to generate arguments with justifications that supported their own position, but seldom with justifications that qualified it. Of all arguments, a quarter were fully accurate, about half referred to scientific concepts and half included multiple perspectives. We identified three distinctive argument profiles regarding structure and content of argument quality. Moreover, the argument profile is a distinctive factor for students’ content knowledge. Our study gives insights into students’ written argumentation skills and content knowledge on socio-economic problems and offers a promising analytical framework for future research in this domain.
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Callahan, Daniel, Ruud Ter Meulen i Eva Topinková. "Introduction: Special Issue on Resource Allocation and Societal Responses to Old Age". Ageing and Society 15, nr 2 (czerwiec 1995): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x00002348.
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There is a special feature of the health and welfare problems of the elderly population that sets them off from the other domestic problems of the developed countries of the world. They combine two difficult elements, complex enough when taken alone but much more so when combined. There is, on the one hand, the economic problem of finding ways to make adequate provision for the needs of the old, barely met with full adequacy in any country and full of greater threats in the future. There is also, on the other hand, the extraordinary delicacy needed to conduct serious public debate on the issues. At a time when many countries still struggle against a pervasive ageism, trying to open up new possibilities for elderly people and to foster new attitudes, it is exceedingly painful to contemplate further economic constraints, even rationing, to meet the impending economic problems.
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Freeman, Gordon R. "Kinetics of nonhomogeneous processes in human society: Unethical behaviour and societal chaos". Canadian Journal of Physics 68, nr 9 (1.09.1990): 794–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p90-116.
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Human society is a structured system and processes that occur within it are nonhomogeneous. The methods of studying the kinetics of nonhomogeneous processes assist the definition and analysis of societal problems and the determination of ways to decrease them. The concepts of stochastics and deterministic chaos apply. The greatly increased incidence of cheating on university exams during the last two decades is a symptom of the widespread increase of ethics problems throughout North American society. While causes of the problem are many and complex, the largest single cause appears to be the decay of traditional (stable) families as the basic unit of society. Families in which both parents have jobs outside the home have relatively low stability, and they do not provide adequate nurture for the children. Inadequately nurtured children have a high probability of developing into unethical or unmotivated adults. Inadequately nurtured children also have a relatively high tendency to use drugs and to be sexually irresponsible. Policies are suggested that would reduce societal problems and have large economic benefits.
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Addy, Nii, i Laurette Dubé. "Addressing Complex Societal Problems: Enabling Multiple Dimensions of Proximity to Sustain Partnerships for Collective Impact in Quebec". Sustainability 10, nr 4 (27.03.2018): 980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10040980.
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Newman, Leah C. "Macroergonomics and Diversity: Education, Healthcare and the Workforce". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, nr 15 (wrzesień 2002): 1374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204601512.
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In the 21st century, we find societies and communities still plagued by poor education, inadequate healthcare, as well as a lack of job opportunities. Macroergonomics provides a systems approach to solving complex problems. Furthermore, macroergonomics methods can be used to apply interventions to education, healthcare and workforce systems problems in an effort to increase the effectiveness of societal activities, improve the quality of life, enhance human dignity and develop human capabilities.
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Boik, John C. "Science-Driven Societal Transformation, Part I: Worldview". Sustainability 12, nr 17 (24.08.2020): 6881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12176881.
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Humanity faces serious social and environmental problems, including climate change and biodiversity loss. Increasingly, scientists, global policy experts, and the general public conclude that incremental approaches to reduce risk are insufficient and transformative change is needed across all sectors of society. However, the meaning of transformation is still unsettled in the literature, as is the proper role of science in fostering it. This paper is the first in a three-part series that adds to the discussion by proposing a novel science-driven research-and-development program aimed at societal transformation. More than a proposal, it offers a perspective and conceptual framework from which societal transformation might be approached. As part of this, it advances a formal mechanics with which to model and understand self-organizing societies of individuals. While acknowledging the necessity of reform to existing societal systems (e.g., governance, economic, and financial systems), the focus of the series is on transformation understood as systems change or systems migration—the de novo development of and migration to new societal systems. The series provides definitions, aims, reasoning, worldview, and a theory of change, and discusses fitness metrics and design principles for new systems. This first paper proposes a worldview, built using ideas from evolutionary biology, complex systems science, cognitive sciences, and information theory, which is intended to serve as the foundation for the R&D program. Subsequent papers in the series build on the worldview to address fitness metrics, system design, and other topics.
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Bufon, Milan. "Cross-Border Policies and Spatial and Social Integration: Between Challenges and Problems". European Spatial Research and Policy 18, nr 2 (30.11.2011): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10105-011-0011-2.
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The article is discussing both challenges and problems that emerge from an intensified cross-border integration, particularly in Europe, which is creating a sort of ‘cross-border regionalism’ that might be sought as a new constituent part of a complex, multi-level system of governance incorporating not only national, but also local/regional agents. Cross-border regionalism is thus not only a system of government, but also a system of ‘grass-rooted’ social and spatial (re)integration of borderlands. This process is closely related to the question of changing territoriality, preserving on the one hand the regional control and on the other hand re-acting societal and territorial co-dependence.
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Jacoby, Alexis JP, i Kristel Van Ael. "BRINGING SYSTEMIC DESIGN IN THE EDUCATIONAL PRACTICE: THE CASE OF GENDER EQUALITY IN AN ACADEMIC CONTEXT". Proceedings of the Design Society 1 (27.07.2021): 581–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.58.
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AbstractThe field of design practice and design education is reaching out to address problems that cannot be solved by introducing a single product or service. Complex societal problems such as gender inequality cannot be solved using a traditional problem-solving oriented design approach. The specific characteristics of these problems require new ways of dealing with the dynamics, scale and complexity of the problem.Systemic design is a design approach integrating systems thinking in combination with more traditional design methodologies, addressing complex and systemic problems. This paper reports a systemic design approach in an educational context for the case of academic gender inequality. We show the way the problem was addressed and how design students were invited to take a systemic perspective, provide integrated interventions and take first steps in providing instruments for implementation. We conclude with the learnings from this case study, both on the process and the results.
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BREUER, HENNING, i FLORIAN LÜDEKE-FREUND. "VALUES-BASED NETWORK AND BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION". International Journal of Innovation Management 21, nr 03 (24.03.2017): 1750028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919617500281.
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Innovation management falls short in solving urgent societal problems, if it neglects the power of networks and the values of their constituent actors. Even though network and business model innovation have been acknowledged as innovation categories in their own right, their problem-solving potential remains unexplored. In this article, we argue that purposeful innovation requires considering the shared values of those engaging in innovation processes, where values are understood as subjective notions of the desirable. Values-based innovation can motivate the development of new networks and business models that address complex societal problems, such as the unsustainability of current forms of energy supply. We present a theoretical framework and facilitation methods for values-based network and business model innovation. Both have been applied in an exemplary workshop on regional energy networks in Germany. Reflecting upon the lessons learned from theory and practice, we conclude that crucial starting points for systemic sustainability innovations can be found in values-based networks and business models.
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Gonda, Vladimir. "Selected problems and roles of innovation development in the Slovak Republic". RUDN Journal of Economics 26, nr 4 (15.12.2018): 662–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2018-26-4-662-673.
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In the current conditions of globalization, the importance of innovation is growing. Innovation is a key to sustainable growth, a tool to increase the competitiveness of companies, regions, states and integration groups, a means to address societal challenges. The European Union pays great attention to innovation efforts - f.e. through the group-wide strategies of competitiveness such as the Lisbon strategy and the Europe 2020 strategy. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the fulfillment of the Europe 2020 national goals for Slovakia in the field of smart growth, to analyze selected issues of innovative development in Slovakia and to propose possible measures for its improvement. As the subject matter is extremely complex and multitangular, the paper discusses only selected issues and questions.
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Andrášik, Ladislav. "Ergodic Axiom: The Ontological Mistakes in Economics". Creative and Knowledge Society 5, nr 1 (1.07.2015): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cks-2015-0005.
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Abstract There are several ontological and consequently also methodological mistakes in contemporary mainstream economics. Among them, the so-called ergodic axiom is play significant role. It is understandable that the real economy elaborated as formalized mental model looks like dynamic system on first sight. However, that is right only of dynamical systems in mathematical formalism. Economy that is in our understanding societal and/or collective economy is complex evolving organism. If we imagine such organism in the form of dynamical system that is as clear mathematical formalism, we are losing their crucial authentic character. The significant irredeemable attribute of societal economy is lying in his complex evolving network process character created by large population of people with different decision-making and complex realizing among them. Going from these imaginations the two entities in a question that is dynamical system with their ergodicity and societal economic organism as complex evolving network are qualitative very different ones. That is the reason why we cannot accede with endeavours to draw on living economy straitjacket of ergodic axiom. To articulate that cause by other words ergodic dynamical systems are applicable for physical and partly for chemical entities and only scarcely are fit for living organisms. On the other hand however, as clear method the ergodic dynamical system have good applying for didactical approaches in economics where helping in better understanding some types of complexities in dynamics. The purpose of that essay is to discuss problems around usability of ergodic dynamical system theory and methods in economics in the age of advanced ICT knowledge based society.
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De Choudhury, Munmun, i Emre Kiciman. "Integrating Artificial and Human Intelligence in Complex, Sensitive Problem Domains: Experiences from Mental Health". AI Magazine 39, nr 3 (28.09.2018): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v39i3.2815.
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This article presents a position highlighting the importance of combining artificial intelligence (AI) approaches with natural intelligence, in other words, involvement of humans. To do so, we specifically focus on problems of societal significance, stemming from complex, sensitive domains. We first discuss our prior work across a series of projects surrounding social media and mental health, and identify major themes wherein augmentation of AI systems and techniques with human feedback has been and can be fruitful and meaningful. We then conclude by noting the implications, in terms of opportunities as well as challenges, that can be drawn from our position, both relating to the specific domain of mental health, and those for AI researchers and practitioners.
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Keryan, Tigran, Andreas Muhar, Tamara Mitrofanenko, Ashot Khoetsyan i Verena Radinger-Peer. "Towards Implementing Transdisciplinarity in Post-Soviet Academic Systems: An Investigation of the Societal Role of Universities in Armenia". Sustainability 12, nr 20 (21.10.2020): 8721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208721.
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The concept of transdisciplinarity (TD) has been introduced to find solutions for complex sustainability challenges via knowledge co-production by scientists and societal actors. The understanding of the societal role of universities is a critical factor when implementing transdisciplinarity in the academic systems of Post-Soviet countries, given their historic development. Using Armenia as a case, we adopted a qualitative research approach by analyzing legal documents, conducting semi-structured expert interviews and focus group discussions with a range of stakeholders. We identified discrepancies of expectations between stakeholders as challenges for a joint understanding of the societal role of universities, as well as differently perceived competences and motivations, which can lead to trust deficits. The results are discussed according to four main features of transdisciplinarity: focusing on real-life problems, transcending and integrating disciplinary paradigms, ensuring participatory research and teaching, and searching for unity of knowledge beyond disciplines. Findings show that no formal obstacles exist for implementing transdisciplinarity in two Armenian universities and that the societal understanding of the role of universities could be expanded. Yet, while society is in principle ready for collaboration, the initiative is expected to come from academia. A particular responsibility will lie with teachers from the younger generation to become key-agents for change.
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Cangià, Flavia, i Camilla Pagani. "Youths, Cultural Diversity, and Complex Thinking^". Open Psychology Journal 7, nr 1 (13.06.2014): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874350101407010020.
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Most people support the idea that we live in a complex society and that complex evaluations and strategies are needed in order to effectively address most societal problems. However, little attention is generally paid to the degree of presence of complex thinking in youths’ attitudes towards the most significant issues that characterize contemporary human societies. This paper presents a preliminary analysis of the relationship between youths’ “complex thinking” and their evaluations of and attitudes towards one of these issues, namely cultural diversity. It examines some excerpts from anonymous open-ended essays on “multiculturalism” in Italy, recently written by pupils aged 14-18. The paper indicates that youths’ low levels of complex thinking are often expressed through a prejudiced and basically negative representation of a multicultural society, and through a scarce awareness and a simplistic description of their personal and others’ emotions related to this representation. It also indicates that high levels of complex thinking usually characterize youths’ positive relationship with and thoughtful understanding of cultural diversity. The paper underlines the importance of fostering the development of high levels of complex thinking at the educational level, so as to strengthen youths’ capability of building a more autonomous and complex outlook on their relationship with cultural diversity, and with diversity in general.
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Richards, Janet C. "Capturing the Processes of Our Transformative Learning in a Transdisciplinary Research Course". LEARNing Landscapes 9, nr 1 (1.09.2015): 197–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.36510/learnland.v9i1.753.
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Transdisciplinary scholarship has experienced a renaissance in higher education. Yet, little research has captured transformations in students’ viewpoints as they collaborate in transdisciplinary courses to consider solutions to complex societal problems. In this narrative inquiry, I chronicled my doctoral students’ perspectives and my thinking in a Transdisciplinary Research class in which students attempted to unravel the social justice dilemma of escalating economic disparities between rich and poor citizens in the United States. I believe knowledge is socially constructed. Therefore, student collaboration and sharing of their reflective stances were integral to the curriculum.
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Tortell, Philippe D. "Earth 2020: Science, society, and sustainability in the Anthropocene". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, nr 16 (20.04.2020): 8683–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2001919117.
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April 22, 2020, marks the 50th anniversary of Earth Day and the birth of the modern environmental movement. As we look back over the past half century, we can gain significant insights into the evolving human imprint on Earth’s biophysical systems, and the role of science and scientists in driving societal transitions toward greater sustainability. Science is a foundation for such transitions, but it is not enough. Rather, it is through wide collaborations across fields, including law, economics, and politics, and through direct engagement with civil society, that science can illuminate a better path forward. This is illustrated through a number of case studies highlighting the role of scientists in leading positive societal change, often in the face of strong oppositional forces. The past five decades reveal significant triumphs of environmental protection, but also notable failures, which have led to the continuing deterioration of Earth’s natural systems. Today, more than ever, these historical lessons loom large as we face increasingly complex and pernicious environmental problems.
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Kyllonen, Patrick C. "Inequality, Education, Workforce Preparedness, and Complex Problem Solving". Journal of Intelligence 6, nr 3 (16.07.2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence6030033.
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Economic inequality has been described as the defining challenge of our time, responsible for a host of potential negative societal and individual outcomes including reduced opportunity, decreased health and life expectancy, and the destabilization of democracy. Education has been proposed as the “great equalizer” that has and can continue to play a role in reducing inequality. One means by which education does so is through the development of complex problem solving skills in students, skills used to solve novel, ill-defined problems in complex, real-world settings. These are highly valued in the workforce and will likely continue to be so in the future workforce. Their importance is evident in results from employer surveys, as well as by their inclusion in large scale international and domestic comparative assessments. In this paper, I review various definitions of complex problem solving and approaches for measuring it, along with findings from PISA 2003, 2012, and 2015. I also discuss prospects for teaching, assessing, and reporting on it, and discuss the emerging importance of collaborative problem solving. Developing and monitoring complex problem solving skills, broadly defined, is a critical challenge in preparing students for the future workforce, and in overcoming the negative effects of inequality and the diminishment of individual opportunity.
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de Moor, Aldo. "Smart cities". ACM SIGCAS Computers and Society 49, nr 3 (22.01.2021): 16–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3447913.3447923.
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Smart cities - which municipal authority does not want them? The complex societal issues - "wicked problems" - of the 21st century really are made concrete at the city level. Whereas politicians in The Hague, Brussels or Washington can endlessly discuss thorny issues like, say climate change, traffic congestion or their own Wars on Drugs, municipal decision makers need to get their act together now. How are we going to heat our buildings in winter and cool them in summer? How can we make city traffic flow more smoothly while emitting less pollution? How can we prevent social disruption due to drug trafficking in the hoods?
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CAO, L. B., i R. W. DAI. "AGENT-ORIENTED METASYNTHETIC ENGINEERING FOR DECISION MAKING". International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 02, nr 02 (czerwiec 2003): 197–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622003000598.
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Decision making plays a more and more important role in present society, especially in dealing with open complex giant systems, such as macroeconomic decision making. A feasible and effective approach for dealing with the increasingly remarkable decision making problems, in particular open complex giant systems, is to construct a Hall for Workshop of Metasynthetic Engineering (HWME), which is essentially an open giant intelligent decision support system in itself. On the other hand, the emergent agent technology is proposed and popularized as a new computing paradigm for building complex software systems. In this paper, we first briefly introduce the principle of metasynthetic engineering and the HWME in terms of decision support, and propose the network-based hierarchical model of an HWME. Furthermore, we discusse the design idea of agent-oriented metasynthetic engineering for decision support systems. We discuss the design scheme, the framework and the working mechanism of an HWME based on intelligent agents in Java which took the macroeconomic decision making as an instance. In addition, we further examine the fundamental problem of designing agent-oriented open giant intelligent decision support systems. The suitability and challenges of the present agent-oriented abstractions for open giant intelligent systems are further analyzed. Then, we propose the concept of societal abstraction for agent-oriented open giant intelligent systems, which is based on the following hypothesis: a unified mechanism — societal interactions, organizational schemes and component patterns, and multi-agent society. Our preliminary study reveals that the agent-oriented metasynthetic engineering is valid and powerful for decision making of open complex giant systems.
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Øllgaard Bentzen, Tina. "Co-creating governance: Potentials and challenges". Politica 53, nr 3 (6.09.2021): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/politica.v53i3.130505.
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Co-creation is on the rise in Danish municipalities as a strategy for solving societal problems as well as problems related to governance in the public sector. In this article, a theoretical framework for co-creating governance is developed and used to analyze potentials and challenges in co-creating a pedagogical supervision system in Roskilde Municipality. The results show that co-creating governance strengthens ownership of supervision solutions, employees’ motivation to work with supervision as well as a perception of supervision as more supportive of task quality and efficiency. However, the results also show that co-creating governance systems demands substantial resources and requires facilitation and support throughout the chain of command. In addition, concerns about accountability and risks of de-coupling relevant actors may arise in the complex co-creation processes.
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Allegri, Massimo, Massimiliano Sacchelli, Dino Sgavicchia, Vincenzo Manna, Fabio Cappabianca, Gabriele Mezzetti, Tommaso Laddomada, Roberto Citarella i Michele Incerti. "Simultaneous multidisciplinary care pathway for back pain: a new approach for a first-level comprehensive evaluation and treatment to guarantee adequate pain relief and recovery". AboutOpen 8, nr 1 (1.07.2021): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33393/ao.2021.2225.
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Low back pain continues to be a major clinical challenge with high direct and indirect societal costs. It is a complex disease with complex pathophysiology both for acute and chronic low back pain.
Although there is consistent evidence about multidisciplinary treatment of low back pain, several different approaches and techniques are proposed, with different results often conflicting among them. In fact, even though the multidisciplinary approach is widely accepted, it is generally applied in different steps involving only one health care providing for each approach. This approach not only does not guarantee a real multidisciplinary vision of this disease but also lacks evaluation of the dynamic changes of the disease according to real patients’ needs.
In our hospital setting we have developed a “simultaneous multidisciplinary care” of low back pain patients in order to overcome these problems and to satisfy all patients’ needs by evaluating and treating all problems causing and related to low back pain. Starting from the existing literature we propose our approach as a new pathway to treat low back patients with a simultaneous multidisciplinary approach.
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Faehnrich, Birte, i Alexander Ruser. "‘Operator, please’ — Connecting truth and power at the science-policy interface". Journal of Science Communication 18, nr 03 (14.06.2019): E. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.18030501.
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Today, science and politics are in a complex status of reciprocal dependency. Politics is dependent on scientific expertise in order to adequately address highly complex social problems, and science is fundamentally dependent on public funding and on political regulation. Taken together, the diverse interactions, interrelations and interdependencies of science and politics create a heterogenous and complex patchwork — namely, the science-policy interface. The societal relevance for phenomena such as scientific policy advice, science governance or (politically fostered) science communication have been amplified by the developments of digitalisation and now call for new approaches to clarify the ambiguous relationships within the science-policy interface. This special issue aims to provide a platform for researchers to address communication at the intersection of science and politics from different angles. The research presented in the special issue, thus, aims to reduce the contingency of science-policy communication in its various dimensions and looks to spur further investigations into the science-policy interface.
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Aizenberg, Evgeni, i Jeroen van den Hoven. "Designing for human rights in AI". Big Data & Society 7, nr 2 (lipiec 2020): 205395172094956. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053951720949566.
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In the age of Big Data, companies and governments are increasingly using algorithms to inform hiring decisions, employee management, policing, credit scoring, insurance pricing, and many more aspects of our lives. Artificial intelligence (AI) systems can help us make evidence-driven, efficient decisions, but can also confront us with unjustified, discriminatory decisions wrongly assumed to be accurate because they are made automatically and quantitatively. It is becoming evident that these technological developments are consequential to people’s fundamental human rights. Despite increasing attention to these urgent challenges in recent years, technical solutions to these complex socio-ethical problems are often developed without empirical study of societal context and the critical input of societal stakeholders who are impacted by the technology. On the other hand, calls for more ethically and socially aware AI often fail to provide answers for how to proceed beyond stressing the importance of transparency, explainability, and fairness. Bridging these socio-technical gaps and the deep divide between abstract value language and design requirements is essential to facilitate nuanced, context-dependent design choices that will support moral and social values. In this paper, we bridge this divide through the framework of Design for Values, drawing on methodologies of Value Sensitive Design and Participatory Design to present a roadmap for proactively engaging societal stakeholders to translate fundamental human rights into context-dependent design requirements through a structured, inclusive, and transparent process.
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مناجد, زياد. "المسؤولية الجنائية عن جرائم التحرش الجنسي الإلكتروني". Al-Kitab Journal for Human Sciences 2, nr 3 (3.10.2020): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32441/kjhs.02.03.p7.
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New unfamiliar criminal patterns have recently appeared due to economic, societal and cultural transformations that have engulfed modern life. This style of crimes is manifested by cybercrimes which began to constitute a serious danger on individuals and their privacies. Modern technology has become a tool to violate law. It has been harnessed to make data loss, breach of ethics and decency or incitement to commit criminal acts. This invasive advancement of technology has significantly contributed to globalizing this novel criminal patterns, which give rise to complex problems in the absence of adequate criminal laws to counter such crimes and to accommodate this modern technology.
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Lopez, Shane J., i Jeana L. Magyar-Moe. "A Positive Psychology That Matters". Counseling Psychologist 34, nr 2 (marzec 2006): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000005284392.
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The Major Contribution intended to situate positive psychology in counseling psychology's past and future and in the complex world we live and work in today. The four reactions (Frazier, Lee,& Steger; Gerstein; Linley; Mollen, Ethington,& Ridley) provide new insights into how counseling psychology has and will contribute to the study of human strengths and positive outcomes. In this rejoinder, the authors attempt to build on their colleagues'ideas and call for socially significant strength-based research and practice. A “positive psychology that matters” will address societal problems and will potentially help people capitalize on their strengths and lead more satisfying and meaningful lives.
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Svensson, Eva. "Heritage and development outside the metropolis". Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 5, nr 1 (18.05.2015): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-07-2013-0029.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the contribution of heritage and participation to sustainable development in a postindustrial context. Special attention is paid to the problematic fields of attractiveness, growth and participation. New ways of working this field are called for. Design/methodology/approach – The study relies on retrospectiveparticipatory observation, citizen participation and document analysis. Findings – There is a complex relationship between experts and citizens/participants, and heritage and history are considered to be domains of experts. Therefore heritage projects have problems surviving the exodus of experts. Heritage is not perceived as asset for building new businesses by most citizens, but as values “out there”. Heritage may function as a meeting place, attracting different groups of people, but there are complex mechanisms of inclusion and exclusion. A model and a method are put forward for uniting experts and citizens, and driving the integration of heritage in other sectors of society to create innovative sustainability processes. Research limitations/implications – A single case study, taking place under special conditions. However, both the results and the context correspond well with similar studies. Practical implications – Furthering of integration of heritage management and antiquarian actions in other societal sectors. Social implications – More stable networks of citizens/stakeholders and antiquarians. Originality/value – A fairly large project involving a multitude of stakeholders and societal interests.
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DeWaters, Jan, Susan Powers i Felicity Bilow. "An Introductory Energy Course to Promote Broad Energy Education for Undergraduate Engineering Students". Sustainability 13, nr 17 (29.08.2021): 9693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179693.
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Engineering graduates must be prepared to support our world’s need for a clean and sustainable energy future. Complex problems related to energy and sustainability require engineers to consider the broad spectrum of interrelated consequences including human and environmental health, sociopolitical, and economic factors. Teaching engineering students about energy within a societal context, simultaneous with developing technical knowledge and skills, will better prepare them to solve real-world problems. Yet few energy courses that approach energy topics from a human-centered perspective exist within engineering programs. Engineering students enrolled in energy programs often take such courses as supplemental to their course of study. This paper presents an engineering course that approaches energy education from a socio-technical perspective, emphasizing the complex interactions of energy technologies with sustainability dimensions. Course content and learning activities are structured around learning outcomes that require students to gain technical knowledge as well as an understanding of broader energy-related impacts. The course attracts students from a variety of majors and grade levels. A mixed quantitative/qualitative assessment conducted from 2019–2021 indicates successful achievement of course learning outcomes. Students demonstrated significant gains in technical content knowledge as well as the ability to critically address complex sociotechnical issues related to current and future energy systems.
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Vus, Viktor V., Elena V. Syurina, Tanya Brückner, Evangelos C. Fradelos, Ioanna V. Papathanasiou, Liudmyla M. Omelchenko i Tetyana M. Vakulich. "YOUTH AND MENTAL HEALTH: LIFE SATISFACTION, WELLBEING, AND SOCIETAL PARTICIPATION IN THE CONTEXT OF A TRANSITIONING STATE". Wiadomości Lekarskie 74, nr 7 (2021): 1687–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202107123.
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The aim: Youth are important societal actors. This is especially relevant when considering countries in transition such as Ukraine. This study examines well-being and societal participation – both key signifiers of mental health – of youth in Ukraine. Materials and methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional survey with open and closed questions was utilized (n= 1562). Participants were asked to reflect on social concerns and to evaluate their well-being in different life spheres and their own mental health through activities such as interpersonal communication, self-perception and relaxation. Results: Students showed positive mental health through their daily activities, but mental health indicated by life satisfaction ranged according to activities, age, gender and environment. Willingness to volunteer and connection to life can be attributed to feelings of learned helplessness in the face of problems deemed too complex, and participation in volunteering was linked to positive mental health and feelings of empowerment. Conclusions: The study contributes to understanding the status of Ukrainian youth’s mental health and the ways in which mental health is expressed. The results of the research assist in identifying avenues to reduce the impact of social frustration, improve mental health of citizens of transitional countries, and encourage social stability.
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Alexander, Samuel, i Joshua Floyd. "The Political Economy of Deep Decarbonization: Tradable Energy Quotas for Energy Descent Futures". Energies 13, nr 17 (19.08.2020): 4304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174304.
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This paper reviews and analyses a decarbonization policy called the Tradable Energy Quotas (TEQs) system developed by David Fleming. The TEQs system involves rationing fossil fuel energy use for a nation on the basis of either a contracting carbon emission budget or scarce fuel availability, or both simultaneously, distributing budgets equitably amongst energy-users. Entitlements can be traded to incentivize demand reduction and to maximize efficient use of the limited entitlements. We situate this analysis in the context of Joseph Tainter’s theory about the development and collapse of complex societies. Tainter argues that societies become more socio-politically and technologically ‘complex’ as they solve the problems they face and that such complexification drives increased energy use. For a society to sustain itself, therefore, it must secure the energy needed to solve the range of societal problems that emerge. However, what if, as a result of deep decarbonization, there is less energy available in the future not more? We argue that TEQs offers a practical means of managing energy descent futures. The policy can facilitate controlled reduction of socio-political complexity via processes of ‘voluntary simplification’ (the result being ‘degrowth’ or controlled contraction at the scale of the physical economy).
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Chen, Bin, i Peng Zhang. "A meta-modeling framework in public health emergency management". SIMULATION 94, nr 5 (4.10.2017): 401–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549717733064.
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Epidemic transmission is a common type of public health emergency that is difficult to forecast and often causes substantial harm. Artificial societal models provide a novel approach to the study of public health problems. However, public health emergency management (PHEM) always involves multi-disciplinary and multi-hierarchical models that complicate the work of modeling. Models are also made more complex by the consideration of new requirements and interactions. Therefore, we propose a domain-specific methodology to guide the modeling process in PHEM. By analyzing domain characteristics and modeling requirements, a meta-modeling framework can be constructed, containing the basic elements with which to construct an artificial society to study epidemic transmission. In this paper, the designs of meta-models are discussed in detail, and domain models are implemented by code generation, which enables the support of large-scale, agent-based computational experiments on the KD-ACP platform. Case studies of Ebola are outlined, emergency scenarios are reconstructed based on pre-designed meta-models, and “scenario-response” experiments are presented. This study provides a valuable framework and methodology with which to study complex social problems in PHEM. The proposed method has been verified effectively and efficiently.
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Tomanovic, Smiljka. "Families and social capital in Serbia: Some issues in research and policy". Sociologija 50, nr 1 (2008): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc0801001t.
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Based on several recent studies on families and households in Serbia, the paper examines the heuristic and methodological validity of the concept of social capital as applied in studying families in post-socialist transformation. After discussing conceptual issues and problems related to social capital and study of contemporary families, the findings from the studies related to social capital are summarized. It is argued that in a post socialist society in transformation, such as Serbia, there are two sides to social capital, that consequences of strong "bonding" social capital are twofold, and that this has complex effects on different societal levels. In the concluding part, some methodological and policy issues that emerged from the evidence are pointed out.
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Lobo, Maria Stella de Castro, i Marcos Pereira Estellita Lins. "Epistemic dialog between health services and operations research". Pesquisa Operacional 30, nr 2 (sierpień 2010): 371–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-74382010000200007.
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The study proposes a dialogical approach between OR and Health Services Planning and Epidemiology based on the similarities of their own epistemological experiences, according to Habermas' Theory of Knowledge. As a field of application, healthcare services planning and epidemiology are characterized as Complex Societal Problems, requiring multidisciplinary and multi dimensional approaches. A review of the literature on OR efficiency healthcare services applications is made to confront the perspective of the OR analyst and that of the health manager. Finally, an agenda is proposed to enhance the interaction between the disciplines, by increasing actuality of the OR methods' findings, to guarantee that the results of health services research will really be put in practice by health policy decision makers.