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1
Cools, Ronald, i Philip Rabinowitz. "Monomial cubature rules since “Stroud”: a compilation". Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 48, nr 3 (listopad 1993): 309–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-0427(93)90027-9.
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YIN, Ming-Hao, Ji-Gui SUN, Hai LIN i Xia WU. "Possibilistic Extension Rules for Reasoning and Knowledge Compilation". Journal of Software 21, nr 11 (28.01.2011): 2826–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1001.2010.03690.
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HOLZBAUR, CHRISTIAN, MARIA GARCIA DE LA BANDA, PETER J. STUCKEY i GREGORY J. DUCK. "Optimizing compilation of constraint handling rules in HAL". Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 5, nr 4-5 (lipiec 2005): 503–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068405002413.
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In this paper we discuss the optimizing compilation of Constraint Handling Rules (CHRs). CHRs are a multi-headed committed choice constraint language, commonly applied for writing incremental constraint solvers. CHRs are usually implemented as a language extension that compiles to the underlying language. In this paper we show how we can use different kinds of information in the compilation of CHRs to obtain access efficiency, and a better translation of the CHR rules into the underlying language, which in this case is HAL. The kinds of information used include the types, modes, determinism, functional dependencies and symmetries of the CHR constraints. We also show how to analyze CHR programs to determine this information about functional dependencies, symmetries and other kinds of information supporting optimizations.
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Rocha, André Dantas, Valter Vieira De Camargo i Paulo César Masiero. "Uso de Aspectos para Verificar Regras de Instanciação de Frameworks". Revista de Informática Teórica e Aplicada 11, nr 2 (20.12.2004): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/2175-2745.5979.
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Instantiation of frameworks is usually a time-consuming, error-prone process as there are specific rule types that must be followed to produce an application that meets its requirements. Some of these rules refer to framework specific implementation policies and cannot be verified in compilation time, such as nomenclature rules and default constructors. A relevant problem is that faults generated when these rules are not applied can only be detected later, during the system usage. A mechanism to enforce that certain rules for a persistency framework be strictly followed, is shown.
Keyword: AOP, frameworks, instantiation rules
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Cools, Ronald. "Monomial cubature rules since “Stroud”: a compilation — part 2". Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 112, nr 1-2 (listopad 1999): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-0427(99)00229-0.
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Kordela, Marzena. "Teoria prawa Zygmunta Ziembińskiego". Filozofia Publiczna i Edukacja Demokratyczna 4, nr 1 (15.07.2018): 230–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/fped.2015.4.1.12.
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Zygmunt Ziembiński was one of the most prominent theoreticians of law in Poland in the second half of the 20th century. He developed an original theory of law defined as a theory of legal phenomena, which covered both logical-linguistic as well as real aspects of law. The theory served as a base for the development of a unique so-called advanced normative conception of sources of law, one of the greatest achievements of theory of law in Poland. This conception encompasses all the indispensable elements of a coherent system of binding legal norms: 1) indication of a political justification (ideological assumptions) of the entire system of law; 2) pre judgment of law-making competence of government agencies; 3) determination of the status of custom and precedent; 4) compilation of a catalogue of permissible interpretation rules; 5) compilation of a catalogue of permissible inferential rules (permissible rules of legal inferences); 6) compilation of a catalogue of permissible collision rules.
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Cook, Kristin L., Sarah B. Bush i Karen Karp. "Clarifying Confusing Science Rules, Vocabulary & Diagrams". American Biology Teacher 78, nr 8 (1.10.2016): 676–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2016.78.8.676.
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While a wealth of research exists examining elementary teachers' and students' alternative conceptions about science and offering recommendations for teacher preparation to include an emphasis on supporting conceptual change, this article presents a useful compilation that serves as a go-to resource on some of the most common oversimplified rules, incomplete or misleading vocabulary, and confusing diagrams promulgated in science teaching that could lead to enduring student misconceptions.
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Pradana, Rizky Dwi. "KRITIK TERHADAP KOMPILASI HUKUM ISLAM MENGENAI STATUS AHLI WARIS KHUNTSA". Pamulang Law Review 1, nr 1 (15.07.2019): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32493/palrev.v1i1.2844.
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Abstract The study in this scientific work is actually aimed at the existence of a 26-year-old Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) against the inheritance of khuntsa where there are no clear rules regarding the inheritance of khuntsa. Even though we can find the inheritance discussion in classical fiqh books, there are various opinions to the differences of opinion of the jurists or priests regarding the sex status of khuntsa to the acquisition of inheritance that should have been received by the khuntsa. The question is isn't the classical fiqh books used as a reference in the KHI compilation process? This research shows that there is no rule in KHI regarding inheritance of khuntsa, this makes it possible for later the birth of legal certainty because of the various decisions in the Religious Court on the same case but not in classical fiqh books discussing khuntsa based on the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad. Keywords: Critics, Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), khuntsa
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Umam, Khairul. "Penyerapan Fiqh Madzhab Syafi’i dalam Penyusunan Kompilasi Hukum Islam". Journal de Jure 9, nr 2 (30.12.2017): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/j-fsh.v9i2.6991.
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<p>Islamic Law Compilation is still an interesting topic to study by Muslim scholars in Indonesia. The Islamic Law Compilation is a typical Indonesian jurisprudence used as reference for religious court judges. This article aims to identify the use of the Shafi'ite school on the rules of marriage in the Islamic Law Compilation. This article comes from normative research with a descriptive approach. The results of this study show that the influence of the Shafi'i school is more dominant in the Islamic Law Compilation. However, the compilers of the Islamic Law Compilations used the opinion of other schools. The articles relating to the requirements, pillars and procedures for implementing marriage are absorbed from the provisions of the Shafi'ite jurisprudence. Such as marital proposal, marriage guardian, ijab qabul, and dowry. the Islamic Law Compilation is not only collecting or adopting the classical jurisprudence of Islamic scholars, but it also provides a new provision that has not yet existed in the treasures of the previous Islamic jurisprudence.</p>Kompilasi Hukum Islam masih menjadi bahan menarik untuk dikaji oleh sarjana muslim di Indonesia. Kompilasi Hukum Islam merupakan fiqh khas Indonesia yang dijadikan rujukan bagi hakim pengadilan agama. Artikel ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi penggunaan mazhab Syafi’i pada aturan perkawinan dalam Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Artikel ini berasal dari penelitian normatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menujukkan bahwa Pengaruh mazhab Syafi’i lebih dominan dalam penyusunan Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Meskipun demikian, para perumus Kompilasi Hukum Islam menggunakan pendapat mazhab lain. Pasal-pasal yang berkaitan dengan syarat, rukun dan tata cara pelaksanaan perkawinan diserap dari ketentuan fiqh mazhab Syafi’i. Seperti peminangan, wali nikah, ijab qabul, mahar. Kompilasi Hukum Islam bukan hanya sekedar mengumpulkan atau mengadopsi pandagan ulama fiqh klasik. Akan tetapi memberikan ketentuan baru yang belum ada dalam khazanah fiqh terdahulu.
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Keller, Agathe. "The mathematical chapter of the Āryabhaṭīya : A compilation of oral mnemonic rules ?" Archives Internationales d'Histoire des Sciences 65, nr 175 (lipiec 2015): 573–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.arihs.5.112778.
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한진기 i 왕수진. "On the theoretical principles and rules of the compilation of Chinese dictionary". Journal of Study on Language and Culture of Korea and China ll, nr 15 (luty 2008): 171–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.16874/jslckc.2008..15.009.
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Wang, Zhan, John R. Talburt, Ningning Wu, Serhan Dagtas i Meredith Nahm Zozus. "A Rule-Based Data Quality Assessment System for Electronic Health Record Data". Applied Clinical Informatics 11, nr 04 (sierpień 2020): 622–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1715567.
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Abstract Objective Rule-based data quality assessment in health care facilities was explored through compilation, implementation, and evaluation of 63,397 data quality rules in a single-center case study to assess the ability of rules-based data quality assessment to identify data errors of importance to physicians and system owners. Methods We applied a design science framework to design, demonstrate, test, and evaluate a scalable framework with which data quality rules can be managed and used in health care facilities for data quality assessment and monitoring. Results We identified 63,397 rules partitioned into 28 logic templates. A total of 819,683 discrepancies were identified by 4.5% of the rules. Nine out of 11 participating clinical and operational leaders indicated that the rules identified data quality problems and articulated next steps that they wanted to take based on the reported information. Discussion The combined rule template and knowledge table approach makes governance and maintenance of otherwise large rule sets manageable. Identified challenges to rule-based data quality monitoring included the lack of curated and maintained knowledge sources relevant to data error detection and lack of organizational resources to support clinical and operational leaders with investigation and characterization of data errors and pursuit of corrective and preventative actions. Limitations of our study included implementation within a single center and dependence of the results on the implemented rule set. Conclusion This study demonstrates a scalable framework (up to 63,397 rules) with which data quality rules can be implemented and managed in health care facilities to identify data errors. The data quality problems identified at the implementation site were important enough to prompt action requests from clinical and operational leaders.
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Rábová, Ivana, i Michal Hodinka. "Business rules in knowledge management and in information systems – methodology of mining business rules and knowledge". Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 59, nr 4 (2011): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201159040267.
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Every organisation works according to principles which define business logic that controls all business processes. However, lot of basic rules of business logic are hidden in companies’ guidelines and directives, in informal techniques of experts, processes owners and specialists. The aim of all managers should be a replacement of this incoherent set of information by set of clear and unambiguous terms which describe the way the company is controlled from inside. This notion is a ground of control and administration of business knowledge.Contemporary practises in development of informational systems demand openness and availability to correspond to constant changes. With the complexity of information system grows the amount of work and its level of difficulty. The rules of business logic are transferred to application logic and implemented into a source code. Therefore, change of the business rule needs change of the code. This means compilation or replacement of the code. Adoption of this new approach would mean more effective possibilities in adjustment of the information systems to environment dynamics thanks to the change of the rules. The article deals with mining methods and subsequent structure of business rules for easier implementation into information system. Business rules base is at the same time business knowledge base which can serve for different purposes then development and use of information systems.
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Tessari, R. K., i M. A. de Carvalho. "Rules for Problem Solving: Qualitative Analysis and Compilation of Existing Inventive Heuristics of TRIZ". Applied Mechanics and Materials 741 (marzec 2015): 827–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.741.827.
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Heuristics are widely accepted and used as tools for inventive problem solving. A problem when using heuristics is that their number is relatively high and ever growing (469 heuristics were analyzed only in this research). This amount of heuristics makes it necessary for problem solvers to spend a significant amount of time in understanding them, finding the most suitable ones to their specific situations and using them. This article presents a first step towards decreasing this complexity. The main heuristics to solve inventive problems were synthesized into a single list, whose preparation involved the identification of heuristics in literature, followed by a qualitative analysis through a comparison process, resulting in a final list of 263 heuristics. The authors hope that this list can save problem solvers’ time and become a basis for a future, essential set of inventive problem solving heuristics.
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Zhang, Lei, i Hur-Li Lee. "The Role of Genre in the Bibliographic Universe". Advances in Classification Research Online 23, nr 1 (30.01.2013): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7152/acro.v23i1.14236.
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This paper examines the role of genre in organizing bibliographic information through three sets of modern cataloging rules spanning 171 years: Panizzi’s Rules for the Compilation of the Catalogue (91 Rules), Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules Second Edition 2002 Revision (AACR2r), and Resource Description and Access (RDA). Genre-related rules are identified on the basis of their inclusion of the keywords “genre(s)” and “form(s).” Then, the identified rules are analyzed from two aspects: the contexts in which these rules are addressed and four user tasks defined by the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR)—find, identify, select and obtain. Genre is found absent in 91 Rules and mostly addressed in the note area in AACR2r, while in RDA, genre acts as the primary distinguishing characteristic of work and can be implemented widely as additions to access points, as separate elements, or as both. In conclusion, the paper suggests that the genre concept has yet to be clearly defined and its significance fully articulated in cataloging as well as in the broader discipline of knowledge organization.
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Melnyk, Svitlana, Viktoriia Sikorska i Tetiana Luhova. "COMPLEX EDUCATIONAL E-DICTIONARY: COMPILATION METHODS, EXPEDIENCE AND USAGE SPECIFICITY". Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, nr 9(77) (30.01.2020): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2020-9(77)-11-15.
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The purpose of the article is to justify the necessity of making a comprehensive educational e-dictionary from a number of disciplines within a certain domain, to show its place in the educational space, to find out compilation principles and usage specifics in the educational process. It is noted that modernization of the modern Ukrainian higher education system requires the search for new approaches to the organization of educational activities that would contribute to the creation of a comprehensive perception of the subject field. It is shown that the formation of the integral outlook of the professional to-be at the educational process as well as developing his system approach to analysis of any phenomena of reality can facilitate the selection and structuring of material on the principles of differentiation and integration. Part of this problem is solved by a complex educational e-dictionary, which is made up of the key concepts of disciplines of a certain speciality (in a particular case, a journalism). The logic and topicality should become conceptual foundations of the electronic dictionary, which will be represented in the elements of its macrostructure (prefaces, rules of using the dictionary, term register, conceptual-terminological groups of terms, illustrations). On the basis of thorough theoretical and applied lexicographic works, a system of lexicographic macrocomponents is developed that characterize the general structure of the dictionary and the principles of presentation of materials in it, as well as a system of microparameters that determine the properties of the term-dominants of the vocabulary article. The value of our research is that it describes in detail the micro- and macro tructure of the complex educational electronic dictionary, solves the key problems associated with the selection of terminology units of the register, and also outlines the advantages of the electronic dictionary in comparison with its paper analogue. The results of the study will promote convergence of sciences and the introduction of integration methods into education for the formation of a comprehensive perception of the world among students and, in particular, for individual understanding through the personal «self» how crucial it is to overcome the contradictions between people and environment.
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Nastangin, Nastangin. "LARANGAN PERKAWINAN DALAM UUP NO 1 TAHUN 1974 DAN KHI PERSPEKTIF FILSAFAT HUKUM ISLAM". Mahakim: Journal of Islamic Family Law 4, nr 1 (9.01.2020): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30762/mh.v4i1.1697.
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Rules for marriage restrictions are regulated in the Number Marriage Act. 1 of 1974 from Article 8-10 and also regulated in the Compilation of Islamic Law in Article 39, namely the prohibition forever and Article 40-44, namely a temporary ban. The broad outline, the contents of the rules on the marriage restrictions are same, namely the prohibition of marriage with idolaters, marrying a woman who is still in the iddah period, marrying a stepmother, due to blood relations, intercession, stepchildren who are adherent with their mother, collecting two woman (muhrim). The purpose of this paper is to find out about the nature of the rules of marriage prohibition using the Philosophy approach of Islamic Law by explaining the nature and wisdom of its formal object. The conclusion of this paper is that there are rules for marriage restrictions to provide benefits to the community and someone who wants to get married because of the existence of these rules that not everyone can be married. This research is library research (Library Research) by analyzing various sources of laws relating to the prohibition of marriage. This research is also qualitative research. According to Satori, qualitative research is descriptive because it describes an object, phenomenon, or social setting that is translated into a narrative text. In line with the opinions of Surjono and Abdurahman, Dyah Ochtorina Susanti and A’an Efendi assert that doctrinal law research is systematic research on the rule of law regulate in certain areas of law, analyzing the relationship between one rule and another, explaining the difficult parts to be understood from a certain rule of law, it may even include predictions of the development of a certain rule of law in the future.
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Zuhroh, Diana. "KONSEP AHLI WARIS DAN AHLI WARIS PENGGANTI: Studi Putusan Hakim Pengadilan Agama". Al-Ahkam 27, nr 1 (9.06.2017): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2017.27.1.1051.
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<p class="IABSSS">There is a fundamental difference between the rules in Islamic inheritance jurisprudence with the rules of inheritance in the Compilation of Islamic Law. Islamic inheritance jurisprudence rules, on one hand, give inheritance rights to those who are still alive at the time of the testator died. On the other hand, the rules of inheritance in the Compilation of Islamic Law, as defined in Article 171 (c), give inheritance rights to the person who died earlier than the testator, as an attempt to legitimize "substitute heirs" under Article 185 paragraph (1). This difference was not known by the judges in the Religious Courts that have implemented the Compilation of Islamic Law as one source of their substantive laws. This study revealed that in its decision on the case of inheritance proved that the Judges concerned unconsciously, others with skepticism, citing the aforementioned article as one aspect of their legal considerations in determining the beneficiary status of the applicants/plaintiffs, even if the applicant/plaintiff was is "a direct heir" of the testator. Consequently, the resulting verdict is not supported by proper legal considerations.</p><p class="IABSSS" align="center">[]</p>Ada perbedaan yang mendasar antara aturan waris dalam Ilmu Faraid dengan aturan waris dalam Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Aturan waris Ilmu Faraid memberikan hak waris kepada orang yang masih hidup di saat pewaris meninggal dunia. Sebaliknya, aturan waris Kompilasi Hukum Islam, sebagaimana ditetapkan dalam Pasal 171 huruf (c), memberikan hak waris kepada orang yang meninggal dunia lebih dahulu daripada si pewaris, sebagai upaya melegitimasi “ahli waris pengganti” yang diatur dalam Pasal 185 ayat (1). Perbedaan ini telah luput dari pengamatan para Hakim di lingkungan Peradilan Agama yang telah lama menerapkan Kompilasi Hukum Islam sebagai salah satu sumber hukum materiilnya. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa dalam sejumlah putusan waris tampak majelis Hakim yang menangani perkara waris tanpa sadar, sebagian lainnya dengan keraguan, mengutip pasal tersebut sebagai salah satu aspek pertimbangan hukum mereka dalam menetapkan status keahliwarisan para pemohon/ penggugat, sekalipun para pemohon/penggugat itu adalah “ahli waris langsung” dari si pewaris. Akibatnya, diktum putusan yang dilahirkan tidak didukung oleh pertimbangan hukum yang benar.
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BERNARD, THOMAS A. M., CLEMENS GRELCK i CHRIS R. JESSHOPE. "ON THE COMPILATION OF A LANGUAGE FOR GENERAL CONCURRENT TARGET ARCHITECTURES". Parallel Processing Letters 20, nr 01 (marzec 2010): 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129626410000053.
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The challenge of programming many-core architectures efficiently and effectively requires models and methods to co-design chip architectures and their software tool chain, using an approach that is both vertical and general. In this paper, we present compilation schemes for a general model of concurrency captured in a parallel language designed for system-level programming and as a target for higher level compilers. We also expose the challenges of integrating these transformation rules into a sequential-oriented compiler. Moreover, we discuss resource mapping inherent to those challenges. Our aim has been to reuse as much of the existing sequential compiler technology as possible in order to harness decades of prior research in compiling sequential languages.
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Muwahid, Fahmi, i Riyan Ramdhani. "BATASAN WAKTU PERKAWINAN DALAM PERKARA ISBAT NIKAH PADA SIDANG KELILING DI PENGADILAN AGAMA CIANJUR". Al-Ahwal Al-Syakhsiyyah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Peradilan Islam 1, nr 1 (2.09.2020): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/as.v1i1.7800.
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Isbat nikah is one of the products of the Religious Court in the form of the determination of the marriage of a husband and wife that has been carried out in accordance with Islamic provisions. However, in the Cianjur Religious Court there are special rules regarding circuit courts in marital isbat cases, namely the year of marriage for the maximum marriage isbat in 2010, above 2010 must be registered at the Cianjur Religious Court office. This study departs from a rule that has been enacted but there are no additional rules regarding the time limit of marriage in marriage isbat cases in a circuit court. As stated in Perma No 1 of 2015 which only regulates the mechanism of the implementation of an integrated isbat trial. While the rule of law remains based on existing rules. It is stated in Article 11 paragraph (9) which states: The hearing in the Integrated Service is conducted in accordance with the procedural law and the applicable provisions. By using the descriptive analysis method, the research is first, the background of the marital time limit in marriage isbat cases which are settled in a circuit court in the Cianjur Religious Court. Second, the process of conducting a trial around isbat nikah with a time limit in the Cianjur Religious Court is no different from the process of conducting a trial around a isbat nikah case. The three rules made by the chairman of the Religious Court do not contradict the rules that already exist in the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) or in the request No. 1 of 2015 concerning Integrated Service Mechanisms.
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Handayani, Noor, i Akhmad Khisni. "Juridical Implementation of Distribution Assets for the Inheritance to Adopted by Islamic Law Compilation". Jurnal Akta 6, nr 4 (10.02.2020): 763. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/akta.v6i4.7578.
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The purpose of this study was to: 1) analyze the position adopted child's inheritance rights in Islamic Law Compilation (KHI). 2) to analyze the implementation of the division of property as inheritance to an adopted child Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI). 3) Analyze the legal consequences of the implementation of the division of property as inheritance to an adopted child Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI).This study was prepared using the type of normative juridical research, the research focused on reviewing the application of the rules or norms of positive law. This study uses the approach of legislation (statute approach) And the approach of the case (case approach). The data collection was obtained by interview and literature. Analysis of data using qualitative descriptive.The research results are: 1) Position Adopted in the Compilation of Islamic Law that adopted children may not be recognized to be the basis and cause of inherited, because the basic principle in Islamic inheritance law is their blood relations / nasab / descent. So as the solution according to Islamic law compilation is by jalam Award "was borrowed" on condition should not be more than 1/3 (one third). 2) The division of property as inheritance to an adopted child Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) must meet two requirements that are required to accept the will not the beneficiary, the person who died both the grandfather and the grandmother has not provided to the child that must be made a will, the amount with other roads, such as grants for example, and if he has less than the sum was borrowed, then it should enhanced the will. 3) The role of the Notary in deed was borrowed for a foster child is doing what desired heir and explain all that heir to all the heirs, it is intended to provide clarity and legal certainty for all heirs of things execution of wills which heir to all his heirs.Keywords: Inheritance, Adopted, Compilation of Islamic Law.
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Halvoník, Dominik, i Jozef Kapusta. "Framework for e-Learning Materials Optimization". International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 15, nr 11 (12.06.2020): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i11.12721.
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Creating educational materials (activities, e-books etc.) in each e-learning course can be divided into 2 main parts. The first can be defined as a compilation of ideas and information that we want to pass on to the student. This section of building e-learning materials process is very abstract and correct selection of what we want to teach the students is highly delicate and depends on teacher’s skills and didactic principles. The second phase is also important but it can be formalized. Main aim of this paper is to define and confirms a set of formal rules compiled into framework which can be used as a tool for building e-learning materials. We assume that the rules presented in this paper can be used for each e-learning platform. To confirm validity of defined rules we integrated these rules into module on LMS Moodle and part of this paper is proposed experiment carried out on the same platform
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Santoso, Dri, i Muhamad Nasrudin. "POLYGAMY IN INDONESIA AND ITS RELEVANCE TO THE PROTECTION OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC LAW PHILOSOPHY". AKADEMIKA: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam 26, nr 1 (30.06.2021): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.32332/akademika.v26i1.2406.
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This article discusses the regulation of polygamy in Law No. 1 of 1974 and its derivative rules, as well as the Compilation of Islamic Law with an analysis of Islamic legal philosophy/maqashid al-shari’ah. This research is based on the legitimacy of polygamy as stated in Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, article 3, paragraph 2. Polygamy also has rules that require the husband to obtain formal permission from the wife through a court process. Why do the Marriage Regulations regulate this? This research is based on a qualitative descriptive literature review. The method of analysis employed was content analysis, which involved creating an inventory of Indonesian family law norms and analyzing them using the maqashid al-shari’ah theory. This study finds that the regulation of polygamy in Indonesia is carried out to protect women's rights and children's rights. Furthermore, the rule aims to build a happy, peaceful, and prosperous family in the long run (sakinah, mawaddah, wa rahmah). This is in accordance with maqashid al-shari’ah, particularly in terms of soul preservation and descendent preservation.
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Kızılkaya, Necmettin. "An Outline of the Historical Evolution of Qawā‘id Literature in Islamic Law". American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 28, nr 1 (1.01.2011): 76–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajiss.v28i1.347.
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The legal rules of each legal system reflect their own nature and primary characteristics in both quantity and quality. Since they comprise the main structure of the system, the study of these rules, therefore, gives an idea about the mechanism of the system as a whole. An investigation of the principles behind these legal rules, which represent dominant features of several rules is a further step and gives an opportunity to understand the common points of the particular cases. These principles have different essences and historical backgrounds in every legal surrounding. The settled principles of Islamic law (al-qawā‘id al-fiqhiyyah) which reflect the general characteristics of rules, were used in legal corpuses from the early ages and developed at a later stage as an independent subgenre in Islamic law. Not only the four Sunni schools of law, but also Shi‘i jurists have made a considerable contribution to the development of the literature in the course of time. In the Muslim world, there are several academic works on the subject such as critical editions, theoretical studies of the genre, and the investigations and applications of certain qawā‘id in legal corpuses. Nevertheless, this significant subject of Islamic law has so far found little attention among the Western academia. This paper, aims to make a small contribution to this significant component of Islamic law. It is concentrating on al-qawā‘id alfiqhiyyah, not al-qawā‘id al-usūliyyah (hermeneutic principles). After dealing with the concept of qawā‘id and its importance in Islamic law, the paper presents a historical overview of the development of qawā‘id literature in four Sunni schools of law. The evolution of the genre is examined in three periods: the formative period second/eighth–fourth/tenth centuries), the self-contained compilation period (fourth/tenth–tenth/sixteenth centuries), and the post-compilation period (tenth/sixteenth– thirteenth/nineteenth centuries).The paper concludes with a list of traditional and modern qawā‘id works.
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Kızılkaya, Necmettin. "An Outline of the Historical Evolution of Qawā‘id Literature in Islamic Law". American Journal of Islam and Society 28, nr 1 (1.01.2011): 76–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v28i1.347.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The legal rules of each legal system reflect their own nature and primary characteristics in both quantity and quality. Since they comprise the main structure of the system, the study of these rules, therefore, gives an idea about the mechanism of the system as a whole. An investigation of the principles behind these legal rules, which represent dominant features of several rules is a further step and gives an opportunity to understand the common points of the particular cases. These principles have different essences and historical backgrounds in every legal surrounding. The settled principles of Islamic law (al-qawā‘id al-fiqhiyyah) which reflect the general characteristics of rules, were used in legal corpuses from the early ages and developed at a later stage as an independent subgenre in Islamic law. Not only the four Sunni schools of law, but also Shi‘i jurists have made a considerable contribution to the development of the literature in the course of time. In the Muslim world, there are several academic works on the subject such as critical editions, theoretical studies of the genre, and the investigations and applications of certain qawā‘id in legal corpuses. Nevertheless, this significant subject of Islamic law has so far found little attention among the Western academia. This paper, aims to make a small contribution to this significant component of Islamic law. It is concentrating on al-qawā‘id alfiqhiyyah, not al-qawā‘id al-usūliyyah (hermeneutic principles). After dealing with the concept of qawā‘id and its importance in Islamic law, the paper presents a historical overview of the development of qawā‘id literature in four Sunni schools of law. The evolution of the genre is examined in three periods: the formative period second/eighth–fourth/tenth centuries), the self-contained compilation period (fourth/tenth–tenth/sixteenth centuries), and the post-compilation period (tenth/sixteenth– thirteenth/nineteenth centuries).The paper concludes with a list of traditional and modern qawā‘id works.
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Muhajir, Muhajir. "STUDI ANALISIS PUTUSAN PENGADILAN AGAMA JAKARTA SELATAN NO. 1751/P/1989 TENTANG PERKAWINAN MELALUI TELEPON". Al-Qadha 5, nr 1 (1.07.2019): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32505/qadha.v5i1.956.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The legal basis of marriage law in Indonesia Constitution No. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage and Compilation of Islamic law which is a reduction of Islamic rules regarding marriage, divorce, representation and inheritance originating from classical Islamic jurisprudence literature from various schools which are summarized and adapted to the needs of the people of Indonesia. The two legal bases regarding the marriage are expected to be a legal basis for the Indonesian people who will carry out the marriage. But in the practice of implementing marriage in the community, many new things appear that are ijtihad because there are no rules specifically set out to regulate such matters such as marriage through telephone.
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Somawinata, Yusuf. "PELAKSANAAN HUKUM KEWARISAN ISLAM DI PENGADILAN AGAMA BANTEN". ALQALAM 30, nr 1 (30.04.2013): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.32678/alqalam.v30i1.1417.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This article aims at describing the obseroance of wasiat wajibah (compulsory bequeathment) in the Islamic court of Banten, analyzing the provision of the substitute heir and adopted children in the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI). In addition, the ideal laws to manage the innheritance rules in Indonesia. This article is library research by using doctrinal approach and using case study and survey methods. The data was, then, analyzed by using analytical descriptive and analytical correlative methods. The result showed that the observance of wasiat wajibah in the Islamic court of Banten employed by judges is by using the Mawali Hazairin’s Doctrine. The criteria of the adoption of substitute heir and adopted children in the KHI is the attempts of Ulama and many judgees junst in giving legal justice and certainty to the society.
Key Words: Islamic Inheritance Law, Compilation of Islamic Law, Islamic court of Banten
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Streiter, Oliver, i Leonid L. Iomdin. "Learning Lessons from Bilingual Corpora: Benefits for Machine Translation". International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 5, nr 2 (31.12.2000): 199–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.5.2.06str.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The research described in this paper is rooted in the endeavors to combine the advantages of corpus-based and rule-based MT approaches in order to improve the performance of MT systems—most importantly, the quality of translation. The authors review the ongoing activities in the field and present a case study, which shows how translation knowledge can be drawn from parallel corpora and compiled into the lexicon of a rule-based MT system. These data are obtained with the help of three procedures: (1) identification of hence unknown one-word translations, (2) statistical rating of the known one-word translations, and (3) extraction of new translations of multiword expressions (MWEs) followed by compilation steps which create new rules for the MT engine. As a result, the lexicon is enriched with translation equivalents attested for different subject domains, which facilitates the tuning of the MT system to a specific subject domain and improves the quality and adequacy of translation.
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CHEREVKO, Iryna. "ACHIEVEMENTS OF UKRAINIAN DIALECTAL PHRASEOGRAPHY OF THE 21st CENTURY". Ukraine: Cultural Heritage, National Identity, Statehood 31 (2018): 240–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/ukr.2018-31-240-250.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The article provides a review of Ukrainian dialectal phraseological dictionaries of the 21st century that represent three dialects from the Ukrainian dialectal continuum, the best dictionaries being selected among them. Basic principles and rules of dictionary compilation are also examined. Special attention is paid to the importance of fixing and describing dialectal fixed combinations collected from different territories of Ukraine that show the richness and diversity of Ukrainian phraseology, the spatial prevalence of linguistic units, and variations of component-dialectisms. Keywords dialectal phraseography, dialectal phraseological dictionary, phraseological unit, functioning of phraseological units.
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Mabruroh, Mabruroh. "at-Tahlil Ghair at-Taqobul Litahlil al-Akhtha'". Arabiyatuna : Jurnal Bahasa Arab 3, nr 1 (14.05.2019): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.29240/jba.v3i1.755.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In learning Arabic, each student will experience difficulties in the learning process. The difficulties faced by these students will affect the process of acquiring and absorbing the knowledge channeled by the instructor. Some of the effects of these difficulties are the existence of errors in understanding the rules of writing letters (Imla '), the rules of compilation of sentences (Nahwu), the process of word formation and so forth. To overcome errors in language acquisition in learning Arabic, the theory of contrastive analysis and error analysis in learning Arabic was born. Contrative analysis aims to predict the difficulties students will face in the learning process. While error analysis aims to understand the nature of errors that occur. However, in fact error analysis is the result of reflection from contrastive analysis and complementary to one another in realizing effective Arabic learning.
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Suriansyah, Eka. "Merombak Struktur, Membentuk Kultur (Studi Pemikiran Siti Musdah Mulia)". Jurnal Studi Agama dan Masyarakat 13, nr 2 (31.12.2017): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.23971/jsam.v13i2.693.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
<p>Law is a structure in society that can lead to the formation of a culture. The formation of culture is closely related to the legal system existing in society. Similarly, marriage culture that occurs in society is the result of the formation of a legal structure. In Indonesia, the legal structure of marriage is based on the Marriage Act No. 1 year 1974 and Presidential Instruction No. 1 year 1991 on the Compilation of Islamic Law. These two legal products are controlling the pattern of marriage rules in Indonesia. As time goes by, both products require refinement because of the emergence of the existing of various cases. For example, unregistered marriage that is considered by some people to be the legality of affair where it is due to lack of firmness in the mechanism of marriage recording. Responding to this phenomenon, Musdah Mulia, as an academician, tried to formulate Counter Legal Draft of Compilation of Islamic Law as a form of participating in solving community problems which gradually became a negative culture for the nation.</p>
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Khosyi’ah, Siah. "Keadilan Distributif atas Pembagian Harta Bersama dalam Perkawinan bagi Keluarga Muslim di Indonesia". Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam 11, nr 1 (22.02.2018): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v11i1.1266.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The division of marital joint property after the breakup of marriage, whether dropping out of marriage due to divorce or due to death, is a new thing in Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh). This is because the concept of mutual treasure is not known in the books of classical Islamic jurisprudence of Muslim scholars of the schools at their times, in which their work are always made as referral in the legal cases up to the present days. In Indonesia, the distribution of common property is regulated in the Compilation of Islamic Laws Articles 96 and 97, which stipulate the rules of distribution of joint property for married couples whose married are off as a result of divorce or death. Article 97 of the Compilation of Islamic Law actually provides an overview of the flexibility of the distribution of common marital property, including in certain cases because the article is regulating (regelen) rather than forcing (dwigen), so that the division is not absolutely divided equally between husband and wife, and casuistically the provisions of that article may be disregarded.
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Zamir, Eyal. "Market Overt in the Sale of Goods: Israeli Law in a Comparative Perspective". Israel Law Review 24, nr 1 (1990): 82–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700009791.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Market overt deals with the conflict between thebona fidepurchaser of a chattel and the person whose rights in the property are injured by the sale. Schematically there are three people involved in this situation: the original owner, the seller and the purchaser. The most simple illustration is the case in which A steals goods belonging to B and sells them to C, who does not know of their origin. On the common assumption that A disappears or is insolvent (and even on the assumption that his whereabouts are known and it is possible to file a claim against him) the question arises, who is entitled to the goods, B or C, and who must bear the loss. In the absence of special circumstances, one is unable to say which of the two has a more “just” claim to title — both have an absolutely valid claim. The layman and the legalist are confounded by this situation, and are without even a clear intuition of whom to favour.The large variety of solutions to this dilemma offered by different legal systems is testimony to this conundrum. As in other questions, the Israeli legislature did not adopt a solution drafted by any particular foreign system, but drafted an original and independent rule. Elements of this rule are similar to the constituent elements in comparative rules in other systems, but the compilation of all these constituents is unique and different from all other rules.
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Favereau, Marie. "How the Mamluk Sultan Addressed the Golden Horde’s Khan. The Form of Letters and Rules for Their Compilation". Golden Horde Review 6, nr 1 (29.03.2018): 41–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2018-6-1.41-84.
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Che Hassan, Nor Syamimi Iliani, Nor Hairunnisa Mohammad Nor, Wan Nuur Fazliza Wan Zakaria i Rohazlyn Rosly. "Atomic Grammar: A Learning Source of ESL Error Identification and Correction". International Journal of Modern Languages And Applied Linguistics 4, nr 3 (14.10.2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/ijmal.v4i3.10601.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Error analysis is deemed a fundamental component in language teaching which helps language learners to identify, understand and eventually correct language errors on their own. Atomic Grammar is created as a source of learning English language grammar based on error identification. The website which is accessible via personal computers and smartphones stores a compilation of the common errors made by ESL learners in their compositions followed by detailed explanation which include reasons and rules that formulate the correct use of the parts of speech that have been corrected. Atomic Grammar offers benefits to both language learners and teachers at all levels of education.
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Hakim, Besim S. "Julian of Ascalon's Treatise of Construction and Design Rules from Sixth-Century Palestine". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 60, nr 1 (1.03.2001): 4–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/991676.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This is a study of a treatise by Julian of Ascalon, an architect and a native of the Byzantine Palestinian coastal city of Ascalon and a contemporary of the Byzantine emperor Justinian I (A. D. 483-565; reigned 527-565). There is some consensus that the treatise was written during the years 531-533, when the codification of Roman law that resulted in the influential Corpus Juris Civilis was undertaken upon Justinian's order. Julian's treatise is a compilation of construction and design rules that address the prevention of nuisances and potential damages to proximate neighbors resulting from building activities associated with change and growth in the built environment. The influence of the treatise endured intermittently for almost 1,400 years, first in Constantinople, then in the eastern territories of the Byzantine empire, and later in some Slavic countries; in Greece it survived well into the twentieth century. This is the first study to analyze the rationale and technical aspects of the prescriptions and design rules in Julian's important work.
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Al-ʽUmari, Fatimah Muhammad Amin, i Majdi Haji Ibrahim. "مبادئ تأصيل السماع في كتاب سيبويه / Principle of Establishing Listening in Sibawayh’s Book". مجلة الدراسات اللغوية والأدبية (Journal of Linguistic and Literary Studies) 9, nr 3 (3.10.2018): 114–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/jlls.v9i3.649.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
ملخص البحث:
لَئنْ كان السماع الركيزة الثانية بعد القياس في بناء نظرية النحو العربي، فإنه أساس القياس والمركب الأساسي في إرساء دعائمه، فالركائز التي انطلق منها النحاة في وضع القاعدة النحوية القياسية من جمع المادة اللغوية ووضع القواعد العامة لضبط أصول الجمع اعتمدت بشكل رئيس على السماع. من هذا المنطلق، فإن هذ البحث يهدف إلى تتبع ضوابط مبدأ السماع وتلَمُّس الأطر العامة التي اعتمد عليها سيبويه في بناء أصول نظرية النحو العربي والقواعد؛ وذلك من خلال دراسة متن كتاب سيبويه وتحليله لاستخلاص النتائج واستخبار النصوص في البحث عن أصول السّماع في الكتاب. وسيعتمد البحث في ذلك على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي مستعيناً بأمهات كتب النحو وما يستدعيه البحث من مراجع تناولت الموضوع أو أطرافاً منه. توصل البحث إلى نتائج مهمة، وهي: أن سيبويه كان عالماً بشؤون العربيّة متمكناً من أبوابها مستوعباً النّحو والصرف ودقائق أمور اللغة؛ إذ اتبع منهجاً علميّاً واضحاً في استقراء المادّة اللغوية من خلال السّماع أثناء تصنيف كتابه، وجرى على القواعد العامّة التي كانت متّبعة آنذاك في البحث والتّقصّي، وأنه أصّل لمبادئ السّماع من خلال اتّباع قواعد عامة تضبط أصول الجمع والاستقراء من ناحية الزمان والمكان والمأخوذ عنه والمأخوذ به من الشواهد النحوية.
الكلمات المفتاحية: السماع-ضوابط السماع-نظرية النحو العربي-كتاب سيبويه-الشاهد النحوي.
Abstract
Listening is the second method after analogy in the construction of Arabic grammatical theory. It’s the basis for analogy and the foundation to support its pillars. The cornerstones that were used by the grammarians to establish the grammatical rule for analogy such as the compilation of language material and establishing the general rules to regulate the fundamentals of compilation was significantly dependent on listening. On this note, this study aims to look into the regulations of listening and touches the general frameworks used by Subawayh in constructing the foundations of Arabic grammatical theory and its foundations. This is through studying the content of his book and analyzing it to arrive at some observations from the texts related to the foundations of listening in his book. The study is descriptive and analytical utilizing primary references in Arabic grammar and other references that refer to the topics fully or partially. The study concludes with some significant findings: Sibawayh was knowledgeable in Arabic in all of its topics even in the details of the language. He followed a clear knowledge method in extrapolating the language materials through listening while compiling his book. Investigating and inquiring at that era are among the general rules; he managed to establish rules for listening by following the general rules that regulate the fundamentals of compilation and extrapolation from the time and place aspects in addition to the excerpts from the grammatical evidences.
Keywords: Listening, rules for listening, Arabic grammatical Rules, Sibawayh’s book, Language evidence.
Abstrak
Mendengar ialah cara kedua selepas qiyas di dalam pembentukan teori tatabahasa Arab. Ia adalah asas kepada qiyas dan juga dasar yang menyokong rukun-rukunnya. Asas-asas yang telah digunakan oleh para cendiakawan tatabahasa untuk menetapkan peraturan tatabahasa untuk qiyas seperti pengumpulan bahan bahasa dan menetapkan peraturan umum untuk mengawal asas-asas kepada usaha pengumpulan bahan tersebut adalah amat bergantung sekali kepada cara mendengar. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peraturan-peraturan mendengar dan membicarakan kerangkan umum yang digunakan oleh Sibawayh dalam membina asas teori tatabahasa Arab. Ini dilaksanakan melalui kajian kandungan buku beliau and menganalisanya untuk menggarap beberapa kersimpulan daripa teks tersebut yang berkenaan dengan asas-asas cara mendengar di dalam buku beliau. Kajian ini adalah secara deskriptif and analitikal yang menggunakan rujukan utama di dalam tatabahasa Arab dan sumber-sumber lain yang samada secara sebahagiannya atau sepenuhnya menyentuh topik tersebut. Beberapa rumusan kajian yang terpenting ialah: Sibawayh merupakan seorang yang amat berpengetahuan dalam bahasa Arab dalam kesemua topiknya hatta dalam perkara terperinci bahasa tersebut. Beliau menggunakan metod pengetahuan yang amat jelas dalam menkaji bahan-bahan bahasa yang beliau dapatkan secara mendengar dalam buku beliau. Mengkaji dan mendapatkan pengesahan di era tersebut adalah merupakan di antara peraturan pengetahun yang umum; beliau berjaya untuk meletakkan peraturan untuk mendengar dengan mengikuti peraturan-peraturan umum yang mengawal syarat pengumpulan dan pengkajian bahan dasi sudut masa dan tempat di samping petikan-petikan yang menjadi bukti kepada sesuatu kes tatabahasa.
Kata kunci: Mendengar, peraturan mendengar, Peraturan Tatabahasa Arab, Buku Sibawayh, Hujah rujukan Bahasa.
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Nesterenko, S., Y. Radzinska, O. Afanasyev i I. Kondratyuk. "METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF COMPILATION OF LAND MANAGEMENT DOCUMENTATION FOR LAND ALLOCATION". Municipal economy of cities 6, nr 159 (27.11.2020): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-6-159-125-129.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The purpose of the article is to study the existing approaches to the development of land management documentation and the development of methodological aspects of compiling land management documentation for land allocation. The paper analyzes modern approaches to the preparation of land management documentation for land allocation in Ukraine. The directions and schemes of formation of land management documentation on land allocation taking into account previous experience are determined. The presented differences in the methods of developing such projects complicate the implementation of the tasks. The difficulty arises due to the lack of a procedure for the development of land management projects for the allocation of land, the obsolescence of norms, standards and rules, the contradiction between some regulations. The current regulations on land allocation and the formation of land management schemes are analyzed. Methodical recommendations for compiling land management documentation for land allocation, taking into account modern standards and requirements, regulatory and technical regulations, etc. have been developed. The project of establishment (change) of borders of administrative-territorial formations is developed in cases of creation of new, association, distribution, accession, increase or decrease in the area of existing administrative-territorial formations. Currently, the process of creating new, unifying, distributing administrative-territorial entities takes place mainly at the level or within the administrative districts, within which the boundaries of village (settlement) councils and settlements are created or changed. The territory of each administrative-territorial entity has its own boundaries - conditional lines that separate it from other territories. They are established and changed on the basis of land management projects developed by state and other land management organizations in accordance with the feasibility studies of their development, master plans of settlements. The provisions developed in the article will increase the efficiency of land use through the proposed more effective scheme for the formation of accounting and reporting digital documentation.
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Lassu, Péter, i Tibor Pálóczi. "Digital by Nature: The Cephalopods and the Algorithms". Periodica Polytechnica Architecture 49, nr 1 (25.05.2018): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppar.11828.
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This Abstract presents the realisation of the experimental wooden structure, known as “Ammoniterasz” - (Ammonites+Terrace). During the making of this structure, the authors tried to analyse the practical usage of algorithmic design and the generative method. In the generative design, the 3D shape of the real structure is made using an algorithm with predefined editing rules. With an algorithm, it is possible to carry out a real-time structural analysis, together with different kinds of optimisation calculations and production methods. The compilation of the algorithm is created either with scripts or with a 3D graphic surface, which results in a flow chart, by another name, a visual script. Unlike the traditional shaping methods, with generative design, the result is not a static one, but a process which can offer countless options for the pre-defined design (geometric) program. To use a biological analogy: in this way, the designer is creating the rules of a growing process.
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SALEH, AMR HANY, i TOM SCHRIJVERS. "Efficient algebraic effect handlers for Prolog". Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 16, nr 5-6 (wrzesień 2016): 884–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147106841600034x.
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AbstractRecent work has provided delimited control for Prolog to dynamically manipulate the program control-flow, and to implement a wide range of control-flow and dataflow effects on top of. Unfortunately, delimited control is a rather primitive language feature that is not easy to use.As a remedy, this work introduces algebraic effect handlers for Prolog, as a high-level and structured way of defining new side-effects in a modular fashion. We illustrate the expressive power of the feature and provide an implementation by means of elaboration into the delimited control primitives.The latter add a non-negligible performance overhead when used extensively. To address this issue, we present an optimised compilation approach that combines partial evaluation with dedicated rewrite rules. The rewrite rules are driven by a lightweight effect inference that analyses what effect operations may be called by a goal. We illustrate the effectiveness of this approach on a range of benchmarks.
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Pędzich, Paweł. "From cartography of the Universe to molecular cartography – the use of map projections". Polish Cartographical Review 47, nr 4 (1.12.2015): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pcr-2015-0014.
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Abstract Map projections are very important in the compilation of various types of maps and spatial databases. Geographical information systems provide their users with the significant opportunities in the choice of map projections, coordinate systems, their definitions and transitions between them. The role of map projection can be considered depending on an objective, for which a map has to be used, user of this map and a form of its publication. The Internet, mobile devices and GIS caused that the map projections are used for two main purposes: data visualization and performing of calculations and analyses. The role of map projections is still important, despite the changes occurring in cartography. The rules for the applications of map projections developed over the centuries are still valid. However, the new rules resulting from the new functions of map projections are also created. The aim of this article, that is the author’s overview of map projections, is to illustrate the broad spectrum of applications for the map projections.
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Kusmayanti, Hazar, Efa Laela Fakhriah i Bambang Daru Nugroho. "THE SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES REGARDING DIVISION OF JOINT PROPERTY AFTER A DIVORCE IN THE CENTRAL ACEH REGENCY". Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura 21, nr 2 (19.08.2021): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/jiif.v21i2.6599.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This resarch reviews disputes revolving around the division of joint property after a divorce in the Central Aceh Regency using the methods; discussion with family, discussion by involving the customary institution Sarak Opat, and filing a claim to the Takengon Syar’iyah Tribunal. In general, division of joint property in the Central Aceh Regency is done by discussion through the customary institution Sarak Opat. The division of joint property after a divorce in the Central Aceh Regency that is done through discussion takes into account which household the child grew up in and how much money that household makes. Although this is not in accordance with the provisions of Indonesia’s Marriage Law and the Islamic Law Compilation, it may be in accordance with Article 37 of Indonesia’s Marriage Law and that this would not violate the rules within Islamic Law nor Customary Law, since in its core within Islamic Law and Customary Law there are specific rules regarding percentage of division of joint property following a divorce
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Najeeb, Syed Faiq. "Trading in Islam: Shari‟ah Rules and Contemporary Applications in Islamic Financial Transactions". Journal of Emerging Economies and Islamic Research 2, nr 2 (31.05.2014): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jeeir.v2i2.9624.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This paper attempts to comprehensively highlight the various Islamic laws and guidelines which govern contracts of exchange involving selling of goods and trading of debts. Muslim jurists have extensively researched, reasoned and deliberated over centuries in order to compile a comprehensive framework of principles Muslims are required to adhere to when engaging in selling of goods and trading of debts. This compilation is based on the rulings derived from the Quran and Sunnah and other secondary sources of Islamic law. The paper introduces the readers to various categories of exchange contracts and examines the elements which may render them valid or void along with details on the general conditions and prohibitions in Islam when it comes to trading. More importantly, the paper discusses the contemporary applications of these contracts in the modern Islamic financial industry and apprises the readers of the current Shari‟ah issues and challenges being faced by the Islamic financial institutions. The paper also highlights critical issues which the Islamic financial industry needs to overcome to sustain its tremendous growth along with a few recommendations for the industry to improve its practices in future.
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Siregar, Suenta Karina, Utary Maharani Barus, Yezrizawati i Idha Aprilyana Sembiring. "Property toward Husband Doesn't Provide Children and Wife in the Overview of the Compilation of Islamic Law". Randwick International of Social Science Journal 2, nr 3 (31.07.2021): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.47175/rissj.v2i3.263.
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The study was conducted to find out Compilation of Islamic Law governing the distribution of joint property, the application of the principle of partnership and the legal considerations of judges in the Supreme Court Decision of the Republic of Indonesia on Case Number 266K/AG/2010 in terms of the Compilation of Islamic Law against husband doesn’t provide for his children and his wife. This research uses normative juridical research methods that use secondary data consisting of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials with descriptive analysis and data collection tools are carried out by library research supported by data obtained through field research at Bantul Religious Courts. The results of this research is known that the regulation regarding the distribution of joint property to husbands who do not provide for their children and wives is not detailed in the Compilation of Islamic Law. This partnership causes the position of husband and wife to be the same in some respects, in other respects to be different, the husband becomes the head of the family, the wife becomes the head in charge of household regulation, each has a role, position, rights, obligations, and responsibilities, all of which complement and perfect each other, every role has rights and every position has obligations, whoever has more obligations or who bears greater obligations, he is the one who has more rights than the others. The judge to resolve the conflict must be able to resolve it objectively based on the applicable law, determine the facts in the trial including the relevant facts and the choice of which legal rules will be used as the basis for resolving the case.
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Kapp, Marshall B. "Still Dying After All These Years: A Classical Library for Contemporary Controversies". Care Management Journals 10, nr 1 (marzec 2009): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1521-0987.10.1.14.
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A review and discussion of Death, Dying and the Ending of Life, edited by Margaret P. Battin, Leslie P. Francis, and Bruce M. Landesman. Ashgate Publishing, 2007. The many philosophical, ethical, legal, and social aspects of death and the dying process remain deeply controversial despite substantial and continuous public discussion and debate about them. Springing from an in-depth review of a newly-published compilation of some of the most seminal writings in this area, the author in this essay reflects on and systematically analyzes how the classical literature of the past millennium has set the intellectual stage and in many respects established the rules of engagement for modern discourse on end-of-life decisions and decision-making.
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Sovietov, Pyotr Nikolaevich. "Accelerating the Development of DSL Compilers for Specialized Processors". Proceedings of the Institute for System Programming of the RAS 32, nr 5 (2020): 35–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15514/ispras-2020-32(5)-3.
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Specialized processors programmable in domain-specific languages are increasingly used in modern computing systems. The compiler-in-the-loop approach, based on the joint development of a specialized processor and a compiler, is gaining popularity. At the same time, the traditional tools, like GCC and LLVM, are insufficient for the agile development of optimizing compilers that generate target code of an exotic, irregular architecture with static parallelism of operations. The article proposes methods from the field of program synthesis for the implementation of machine-dependent compilation phases. The phases are based on a reduction to SMT problem which allows to get rid of heuristic and approximate approaches, that requires complex software implementation of a compiler. In particular, a synthesis of machine-dependent optimization rules, instruction selection and instruction scheduling combined with register allocation are implemented with help of SMT solver. Practical applications of the developed methods and algorithms are illustrated by the example of a compiler for a specialized processor with an instruction set that accelerates the implementation of lightweight cryptography algorithms in the Internet of Things. The results of compilation and simulation of 8 cryptographic primitives for 3 variants of specialized processor (CISC-like, VLIW-like and a variant with delayed load instruction) show the vitality of the proposed approach.
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Ma, Xinmin. "China and the UNCLOS: Practices and Policies". Chinese Journal of Global Governance 5, nr 1 (15.03.2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23525207-12340036.
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Abstract The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS or the Convention) is one of the most important accomplishments in the development of international law in the twentieth century. As a comprehensive compilation of the modern law of the sea, the UNCLOS not only codifies numerous customary rules of law of the sea, but also progressively develops the treaty rules of law of the sea. Especially the three bodies established by the UNCLOS, namely the International Seabed Authority (ISA), the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) and the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS), have played an important role in facilitating the implementation of the UNCLOS and promoting stability and development of the international marine order. As a member of the big family of the States Parties to the UNCLOS, China has been faithfully fulfilling the obligations of the UNCLOS, fully engaged in the work of the three bodies and actively contributing its solutions and wisdom. In the process of implementing the UNCLOS, China has formed its own practices and policies.
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Schmalenbach, Kirsten. "Ideological Warfare against Cultural Property: UN Strategies and Dilemmas". Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law Online 19, nr 1 (30.05.2016): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757413-00190002.
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With iconic cultural heritage in Afghanistan, Mali, Libya, Iraq and Syria at the mercy of Jihadi extremists, the international community’s somewhat feverish compilation of emergency measures illustrates both the sense of urgency now felt, but also how unprepared the world was to be confronted with ideological warfare against the ‘culture of the heretics.’ The laws of armed conflict, and in its wake international criminal law, provide relatively clear cut proscriptive rules against ideologically motived cultural destruction, which cannot be said of peacetime rules on cultural heritage protection. But the threat of incurring international responsibility and punishment is seen as inconsequential when the perpetrators’ driving ideology distains external laws. On UN level, the Security Council has resorted to a global trade ban to target two birds with one stone: to dry-up is’s source of income through illicit trade in Iraqi and Syrian antiquities and to preserve artefacts by making illicit excavation and pillaging economically unattractive. Unfortunately the situation on the ground, with its many uncertainties regarding domestic implementation means the effectiveness of this measure is in abeyance.
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Nurhayati, Yati. "Penerapan SNI 03-7051-2004 (pemberian Tanda dan Pemasangan Lampu Halangan (Obstacle Lights) di Sekitar Bandara) di Bandara Juanda Surabaya". WARTA ARDHIA 37, nr 3 (30.09.2011): 276–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.25104/wa.v37i3.172.276-293.
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Assessment of the Implementation of SNI 03-7051-2004 (The Signs And Installation of Obstruction Lights (Obstacle Lights) vicinity at Airport) For Compulsory Standards at Juanda Airport in Surabaya is to know how the implementation of the provision of signs and installation of lights around the aviation operation Safety area at Juanda Airport Surabaya to support it has required the standards/rules established by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation flight operations in order to ensure aviation safety. Assessment method used quantitative method by decomposition (descriptive), exposure and a detailed explanation based on the compilation of primary data and secondary data that have been processed. The assessment result shows the application of SNI 03-7051-2004 (The Signs and Installation of Obstruction Lights of Airport vacinity at Juanda Airport) vacinit at Surabaya there are still some buildings that do not meet the rules set, there are some buildings should be installed (obstacle lights) to achieve optimum aviation safety. Among these buildings are of BTS Tower buildings and Mall City Of Tomorrow (Cito Mall) that located at the aviation operation area at Juanda airport.
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Anggraeny, Isdian, i Wardah Dinnar Rahmadanti. "The Legality Issue of the Financing Contract at the Sharia Rural Banks (BPRS) and the Solution in Sharia Agreement Law Perspective". Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) 9, nr 3 (19.11.2020): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jmhu.2020.v09.i03.p14.
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Sharia-based financing institutions are currently experiencing developments in the financial industry. Sharia financing provided by the BPRS is one of the ways that can be used by the community to meet their daily needs or manage their business. The use of financing certainly has the risk of default and execution of collateral which of course will be detrimental to the creditors (BPRS). Various financing problems are generally caused by the financing process that does not pay attention to legal provisions, especially sharia contract law and guarantee law. Taking the theme: "Issues on the Legality of the Financing Contract at BPRS and its solution in the Perspective of Agreement Law", this paper will examine two problems, namely: First, reviewing the validity of the Sharia financing contract at BPRS based on the Sharia Economic Law Compilation; and second, reviewing and finding the efforts that should be made by the BPRS so that the sharia financing contract meets the pillars and conditions of the contract in the Sharia Economic Law Compilation. This study uses a normative juridical research method with a statutory approach method, concepts, and cases. Through this method, the following findings were obtained: First, the problem of sharia financing in BPRS Syariah lies in the non-fulfillment of the Rukun and the terms of the sharia contract in some of its financing contracts which are dominated by carelessness in applying the legal principles of financing and SOPs that have been made. Second, the BPRS and its Customers must pay attention to and understand the elements of the fulfillment of the pillars and terms of the contract in the financing contract against the rules contained in the Sharia Economic Law Compilation.