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von, Keyserlingk Erik. "Electromagnetic Compatibility Scanner". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-285568.
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With the increasing amount of wireless devices in use today. All from Bluetooth headphonesto smart fridges, which communicates wirelessly to a server or phone. The needfor the radio frequency spectrum to be free from disturbances is necessarily. There aretoday regulations stating how much a device is allowed to transmit into the radio frequencyspectrum, this is to prevent and control disturbances from electronics whichdoes not intend to transmit into the radio frequency domain. In this report a setupis proposed to conduct near eld scanning of planar surfaces such as PCBs. This tolocate if a trace of component is transmitting or if the transmitted energy is higherthan allowed. This report includes verication of self made probes through tests andsimulation as well as comparison with commercially available probes. As well as evaluationof a robotic arm for use as the probe mover and the evaluating of a softwaredened radio with amplier.Antalet trådlösa enheter som tillkommer idag ökar stadigt. Allt från bluetooth hörlurartill smarta kylskåp som kommunicerar trådlöst med en server, telefon eller liknande. Detta innebär att radio-spektrumet behöver vara fri från störningar. Idag finns det bestämmelser som säger hur mycket en elektonisk produkt är tillåten att sända ut i radio-spektrumet, både för kommunikation och oavsiktligt transmittering. Detta är för att kontrollera och förebygga utsända störningar från från elektronik som kan störa kommunikation och vetenskapliga mätningar. I denna rapport utvärderas ett system som kan skanna ett område för dess närfält, både det magnetiska och elektriska fält. Ett sådant område är typiskt en PCB eller annan elektronisk konstruktion. Detta för att kunna lokalisera komponenter eller ledningar som radierar energi . Denna rapport beskriver tillverkning av närfältsprober med simulering och verifikation jämfört med kommersiella prober av test över ett tillverkat testkort. Utöver det utvärderas en robot arm som används för att flytta en probe över det område av intresse samt utvärderingav en software defined radiotillsammans med en förstärkare.
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Toma, Lucian Adrian. "Compatibilités fonctionnelles des systèmes mécaniques déformables=Functional Compatibility of the Flexible Mechanical Systems". Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0010.
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La conception des systèmes mécaniques nécessite une prévision fine du comportement mécanique. En particulier, la proposition d'une architecture de machine doit être qualifiée par une détermination des mobilités et des hyperstatismes. Dans ce travail, on propose une méthodologie d'analyse des mobilités et des hyperstatismes, développée pour l’étude des mécanismes 3D multi-boucles. L'analyse des hyperstatismes menée sur la base d'une décomposition topologique, alors que les mobilités sont déterminées à partir d'une analyse globale du système, conditions réelles telles que déformabilité au système, jeux dans liaisons, sont prises en compte. Les déplacements sont obtenus avec des outils de calcul par éléments finis (ASSYM, SPIRO). Une analyse fonctionnelle du système mécanique étudiée est alors menée avec le lo giciel MOBI écrit sur la base de la méthodologie précédente. Les systèmes mécaniques sont ainsi analysés par des logiciels de calcul spécialisés, qui échangent leurs données et résultats dans le contexte d'une conception intégrée. Des études de fonctionnement de systèmes mécaniques industriels ont été menées. Les résultats numériques ainsi trouvés caractérisent la fonctionnalité du système mécanique dans les conditions réelles de travail. Des verifications expérimentales ont confirmé la méthodologie proposéeThe design of mechanical systems needs a fine definition of the mechanical behaviour. Particularly, the proposal of a machine architecture must be qualified by the determination of redundant constraints and mobility. In this work, we propose a methodology of mobility and redundant constraint analysis, developed from the study of spaced multiple close loops mechanisms. The analysis of the redundant constraints is develop on the basis of a topological decomposition of the mechanism, while motilities are determined from a global anal' sis of the s stem. Real conditions like the system flexibility and the clearances of joints are taken into account. Displacements are obtained with calculation tools based on the finite element method (ASSYM, SPIRO). A functional ~ analysis of the mechanical system is developed with the software MOBI, developed from the methodology presented before. Mechanical systems are thus analyzed by specialized software that exchange their data and results in the context of an integrated conception. Studies of industrial systems have been made. The numerical results founded, characterize the functionality of the mechanical system in actual working conditions. Experimental verifications have confirmed this methodology
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Kull, Andreas. "Compatibility issues with BIM". Thesis, KTH, Byggvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-98791.
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With the growing demand and use of BIM modeling, there’s also a growing number of competitors. Since every provider of BIM software has their own specific functions and file formats, there is no standard common platform and compatibility issues occur when projects are transferred between each other. Focus for this thesis is this gap and what can be done from preventing the gap to expand even more, this will be done by having a look at the most promising solutions that exists today. If a way to prevent this from happening is discovered, this will be documented in the report and if possible, a program will be developed that can be used by anyone in order for the programs to communicate with each other in a better way.
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Steffert, Beverley. "Personality and marital compatibility". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295721.
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Bowers, Roderick W. J. "Ocular compatibility of hydrogels". Thesis, Aston University, 1985. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/11732/.
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KODERA, Toshiki. "Software Compatibility Alters Entry Deterrence". 名古屋大学大学院経済学研究科, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/8596.
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Carlson, Rosalie J. "Voter Compatibility In Interval Societies". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/hmc_theses/50.
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In an interval society, voters are represented by intervals on the real line, corresponding to their approval sets on a linear political spectrum. I imagine the society to be a representative democracy, and ask how to choose members of the society as representatives. Following work in mathematical psychology by Coombs and others, I develop a measure of the compatibility (political similarity) of two voters. I use this measure to determine the popularity of each voter as a candidate. I then establish local “agreeability” conditions and attempt to find a lower bound for the popularity of the best candidate. Other results about certain special societies are also obtained
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van, der Nest Magrieta Aletta. "Mycelial compatibility in Amylostereum areolatum". Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79195.
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Grabbe, Jeremy W. "Cross-task Compatibility and Aging". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1201548686.
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Lauder, David Maxwell. "Electromagnetic compatibility in wireline communications". Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/16518.
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This document is a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of Hertfordshire for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Part Time) in 'EMC in Wire-line Communications' in the School of Electronic, Communication and Electrical Engineering at the University of Hertfordshire. It describes a programme of research into the modelling and measurement of radio frequency interference emissions from various communication networks including Power Line (Tele)communications (PLC/PLT) and Digital Subscriber Line (DSL). An introduction and literature review are followed by the results of practical measurements on installed networks. These measurements include antenna gain and Longitudinal Conversion Loss (LCL). Power line communication networks, splitterless DSL and home phoneline networks in buildings are studied and modelled and the models are compared with the measured results. Improved EMC test methods are also described, in particular the modelling and design of four types of portable antennas for use in radiated EMC measurements with improved sensitivity at frequencies up to 30 MHz. The first type is a set of three manually tuned loop antennas covering 100 kHz - 30 MHz. The second is a set of three loop antennas that cover a similar frequency range but with remote tuning via an optical fibre link, under the control of software which also controls an EMC measuring receiver. The third type is a larger (1.6 m diameter) tuned loop covering 1.75 - 10 MHz that allows the measuring system noise floor to be below the typical atmospheric noise floor. The fourth type is an electrically short dipole covering 10 - 30 MHz with improved matching. The protection requirements for various types of radio communication services are analysed and are compared with emission levels from various types of wireline communication network. A review of existing applicable EMC standards and standards under development is also presented.
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Lodén, Jennie. "Radar Transparency and Paint Compatibility". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-212982.
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This study focus on trying to understand what factors regarding bumper materials and coatings affect the radar transparency at 77 GHz. Dielectric spectroscopy was done at 25 unique samples, consisting of various plastic substrates, primers, basecoats and clearcoats with the Free-spaced method in the 60-90 GHz region. The plastic substrate consisted of Polypropylene-blend with different fillers such as talc, carbon black and metal flakes. The basecoats analyzed were 2 solid factory coatings (one black and one white), 5 factory coating containing different effect pigments such as metal flakes, Xiralic, and Mica, 1 factory PVD coating and 2 aftermarket basecoats. All samples were provided by a Volvo Cars’ supplier, however, some samples were repainted with the aftermarket coatings. The complex permittivites were calculated for each PP-blend and coating from the curve fitting of the measured S-parameters from the Free-spaced method. Material analysis such as thickness measurements of the plastic substrate and coatings, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, TGA and DSC were done at all plastic substrates. The plastic substrates and the coating were also observed in optical microscope and in SEM. The calculated permittivities were compared with the results from the material analysis and correlations between increased metal content in the basecoat and higher real permittivity were found. Some relationship between the size of the metal flakes and the radar transparency could also be observed. Further, correlations between higher real permittivity with higher concentration of talc and carbon black were detected. MATLAB was used to provide an example for optimization of the plastic thickness for a given basecoat in order to have minimal reflection at 77 GHz.
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Van, der Nest Magrieta Aletta. "Mycelial compatibility in Amylostereum areolatum". Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30848.
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Kui, Zhiqing. "On the Construction of Multiresolution Analysis Compatible with General Subdivisions". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECDM0002/document.
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Les schémas de subdivision sont largement utilisés pour la génération rapide de courbes ou de surfaces. Des développements récents ont produit des schémas variés, en particulier non-linéaires, non-interpolants ou non-homogènes.Pour pouvoir être utilisés en compression, analyse ou contrôle de données, ces schémas de subdivision doivent être incorporés dans une analyse multiresolution qui, imitant les analyses en ondelettes, fournit une décomposition multi-échelle d'un signal, d'une courbe ou d'une surface. Les ingrédients nécessaires à la définition d'une analyse multiresolution associée à un schéma de subdivision sont des schémas de décimation et de détails. Leur construction est facile quand le schéma de multiresolution est interpolant.Cette thèse est consacrée à la construction de schémas de décimation et de détails compatibles avec un schéma de subdivision le plus général possible. Nous commençons par une construction générique dans le cas d'opérateurs homogènes (mais pas interpolants) puis nous généralisons à des situations non-homogènes et non-linéaires. Nous construisons ainsi des analyses multiresolutions compatibles avec de nombreux schémas récemment développés. L'analyse des performances des analyses ainsi construitesest effectuée. Nous présentons des applications numériques en compression d'imagesSubdivision schemes are widely used for rapid curve or surface generation. Recent developments have produced various schemes, in particular non-linear, non-interpolatory or non-uniform.To be used in compression, analysis or control of data, subdivision schemes should be incorporated in a multiresolution analysis that, mimicking wavelet analyses, provides a multi-scale decomposition of a signal, a curve, or a surface. The ingredients needed to define a multiresolution analysis associated with a subdivision scheme are decimation scheme and detail operators. Their construction is straightforward when the multiresolution scheme is interpolatory.This thesis is devoted to the construction of decimation schemes and detail operators compatible with general subdivision schemes. We start with a generic construction in the uniform (but not interpolatory) case and then generalize to non-uniform and non-linear situations. Applying these results, we build multiresolution analyses that are compatible with many recently developed schemes. Analysis of the performances of the constructed analyses is carried out. We present numerical applications in image compression
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Monotti, Mario Nicola. "Reinforced concrete slabs - compatibility limit design /". [Zürich], 2004. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=15615.
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Nemani, Srinivasa Sankar Carlisle W. Homer. "Investigation of EtherYatri's compatibility with IPV6". Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Summer/Theses/NEMANI_SRINIVASA_48.pdf.
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Huang, Kuan Hsiang Nick, i 黃冠翔. "Electromagnetic compatibility modeling for integrated circuits". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206335.
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The integrated circuit (IC) packaging electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)/signal integrity (SI)/power integrity (PI) problems have been broadly attested. But IC packaging electromagnetic interference (EMI) was seldom addressed. Because the electromagnetic emission from IC packagings becomes more critical as the data rate of digital system continues increasing. Its working mechanism and modeling technology are very important.
In this thesis, EM emission behaviors of IC packaging are systematically studied for the first time. It was never seen from other literatures. The fundamental principles and properties of electromagnetic radiations caused by heat sinks, vias, traces, and pin maps in IC packaging structures are carefully investigated and modeled. Both theoretical analysis based on first principles and simulated results based on numerical full wave solvers are provided to find out critical impact factors to IC packaging EMI. This work establishes basic modeling components for comprehensive radiation studies. It directly benefits fundamental understandings and guideline development for the optimization of the packaging EMI reduction. Some measurement results are also included to support concluded characterizations and analysis. A summary for IC packaging EMI design rules is discussed in details to conclude the derived design guidelines.
Second, a novel data pattern based electromagnetic superposition method is developed to model the IC packaging electromagnetic emission. It employs the equivalence principle to obtain the electromagnetic field response over a broad spectrum. Then it uses the linear property of the passive parasitic system to superimpose the contribution of different signals on the packaging. As a result, with certain pre-calculations, it is convenient to compute the electromagnetic emission efficiently from different signals with various signal pattern combinations, which benefits identifying the worst case scenario. The proposed method can be implemented between different tools for specific purposes. In addition, data reconstruction can be evaluated through the phase shift, and it benefits identifying the EMI of any pulse bit pattern. This work offers great convenience for the post-processing, and allows the flexibility of real digital pulse signals. It provides a basic modeling framework for comprehensive radiation studies for IC packaging and PCB EMI reductions.
Third, the performance of IC interconnects has been stretched tremendously in recently years by high speed IC systems. Their EM emission and SI modelings have to consider the existence of I/O active devices, such as buffers and drivers. The I/O model is difficult to obtain due to the IP protection and limited information. We proposed to use the X-parameter to model the IC interconnect system. Based on the PHD formalism, X-parameter models provide an accurate frequency-domain method under large-signal operating points to characterize their nonlinear behaviors. Starting from modeling the CMOS inverter, the whole link modeling primarily based on X-parameter for the pulse digital signals was presented. I/O modeling can also be investigated by the proposed new method to understand the impedance effects at high speed serial links. It is the first complete examination of the X-parameter to IC interconnect SI analysis. The nonlinear I/O property represented by IBIS models is also investigated to model its impact to IC packaging EMI. Statistical analysis is proposed to provide insightful results on random bit patterns.published_or_final_version
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Espiritu, Rita V. "Local area network (LAN) compatibility issues". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/28335.
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Law, Eugene, Ronald Kingery i Dave Cramer. "INVESTIGATION OF TELEMETRY AND GPS COMPATIBILITY". International Foundation for Telemetering, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608279.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 23-26, 2000 / Town & Country Hotel and Conference Center, San Diego, CaliforniaSeveral test programs have reported degraded Global Positioning System (GPS) performance when L-band (1435-1535 MHz) telemetry is used while other test programs have had acceptable GPS performance with L-band telemetry. Most test programs seem to have minimal problems with S-band telemetry interfering with GPS performance if a bandpass filter is used between the GPS antenna and the low noise amplifier (LNA). This paper will present measured data on GPS performance with L- and S-band telemetry and explain what must be done to minimize interference to GPS. The paper will present both GPS signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) values as well as measured spectra from telemetry transmitters. System design guidelines for compatible operation will be presented.
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Otteson, Carolyn. "Evolution and Complexity of Compatibility Systems". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1243359525.
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Sobhi, Neda Angela, i Dolf Grande. "Comprehending Organizations Cultural Compatibility as a Success Factor in Alliance Formation : Five Case Studies on Cultural Compatibility". Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Marketing and Logistics, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18536.
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Problem: To compete effectively in today’s global market, organizations are eager to expand their operations abroad. Entering a partnership accounts as a preferred way of doing this. In order to be allowed to participate in many important markets, corporations must recognize the influence of cultural orientations other than their own. In many cases it appears that this is however neglected, considering that up to two out of three partnerships ends in dissolution. Causes related to the cultural aspect of a relationship are often mentioned to form the root of the problem. We noticed that a vast number of studies have focused on how culture affects single organizations, fewer studies however focused on how partnerships are affected by cultural aspects. And even fewer studies have tried to decipher the role that cultural compatibility has prior to entering a partnership. More so, throughout our extensive literature review, we have noticed that there has not been obtained a comprehensive understanding of what cultural compatibility entails. Purpose: The intentions of our research are twofold: first, we have theoretically derived a framework that allows a comprehensive understanding of cultural compatibility as well as its influence on alliance performance, and second, we have explored how this theoretically derived framework is reflected in practice. Method: To achieve the purpose of this study we completed a qualitative, exploratory research including five case studies and five interviews/consults. The case studies were well selected based on requirements such as industry significance and the implication of a high level of cultural diversity. Conclusions: The major conclusion to our research indicates that cultural compatibility is not necessarily a requirement prior to entering a relationship, but unveils to be moreover a foundation that partnering firms should strive for in the early stages of their coalition. Additionally, we have obtained many valuable insights, yet utmost we have experienced that the subject is extremely complex, and that further research on the topic as well as the framework is indispensable to further justify our findings.
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Heine, Wolf-Dietrich. "An ecological consideration of stimulus response compatibility /". Münster ; New York : Waxmann, 1994. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=006716535&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Monroe, Hunter K. "Mix-and-match compatibility and asymmetric costs". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ad9e7169-f426-4f71-aada-429735a84dee.
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This thesis analyzes how the ability of consumers to buy components of a system from different firms affects prices, profit margins, RandD effort, and welfare. It also examines firms' incentives to make their products compatible, that is, to allow consumers to mix-and-match different brands of components into systems. Chapter 1 reviews the economic literature on product compatibility with motivating material drawn from the personal computer industry. Three strands of the literature study compatibility using definitions based on the ability of consumers to mix- and-match components, to capture externalities arising from networks, and to switch brands costlessly. The mix-and-match literature has found that compatibility raises prices compared with those under incompatibility in a variety of settings. In practice, however, compatible computers appear to be less expensive than incompatible computers, and computer buyers have promoted standardization. Chapter 2 develops models of mix-and-match compatibility which make predictions that are the opposite of the literature's. If many Bertrand competitors draw their component costs, qualities, or characteristics from independent random distributions, then expected prices and profit margins are lower under compatibility than under incompatibility, while expected consumer surplus is higher. In addition, the chapter examines the incentives of firms to form coalitions around competing standards. It is found that a subset of firms may become compatible with each other to attract customers away from other firms, creating excess incentives for firms to become compatible from the perspective of industry profits. However, compatibility raises welfare if it is costless and components are homogeneous, because incompatibility is a restriction on the technology for combining components into systems. Chapter 3 shows that shifting from incompatibility to compatibility has an ambiguous impact on RandD effort to reduce costs. In an industry with sufficiently many firms that faces elastic demand, compatibility lowers prices and raises output, and therefore leads to greater RandD incentives. If effort lowers costs without changing the shape of the cost distribution function, compatibility induces firms to choose RandD effort levels that are closer together than under incompatibility. Chapter 4 relaxes the assumption that consumers combine components in fixed proportions. With variable coefficients, compatibility does not necessarily raise the profits of duopolists. For instance, compatibility prevents a dominant firm from setting the price of either component above its competitor's cost. On the other hand, when two "mirror-image" firms each have the lowest cost in one component and demand is symmetric across components, the firms prefer compatibility, as they did in the fixed coefficients case. When sufficiently many firms draw their costs from discrete random distributions, this ambiguity disappears, and expected profits are higher under incom- patibility. Variable coefficients also allow analysis of quantity competition, by eliminating the problem of unmatched components when there are asymmetric quantity choices. In this case, firms with mirror-image costs prefer compatibility to incompatibility because they can specialize in their low-cost component. However, when each firm has the same cost across components, firms are indifferent between the two regimes.
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Al-Nahidh, S. I. "Host-endophyte compatibility in mycorrhizal crop plants". Thesis, University of Leeds, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354035.
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Brodeßer, Monika. "Chemical compatibility of thermoplastic umbilical hose liners". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401510.
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Iturri, Florencia. "Testosterone Reactivity is Moderated by Relationship Compatibility". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2014. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/honors_theses/54.
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Testosterone levels change in response to a variety of social situations including, sexual and challenge situations. Yet, little is known about the role of testosterone dynamics in in young adults in romantic relationships. Furthermore, the effect of compatibility of the relationship dyad on testosterone reactivity in response to social-challenge is unknown. Prior studies suggest that attachment levels may predict testosterone responsivity during stressors such as social challenge.
What is missing from the literature is whether testosterone response to social-challenge is specifically modified within the confines of an attachment relationship, such as within romantic couples. I measured salivary testosterone in healthy romantically involved young adult couples in response to a examined romantic couples during a standardized laboratory stressor in the SPIT lab. Testosterone was measured repeatedly from saliva in both members of each dyad and assayed using an enzymeimmunoassay. Participants completed questionnaires measuring perceived relationship commitment, support, satisfaction, and passion. This was collectively described as relationship compatibility. I revealed that participants in romantic relationships showed significant testosterone response to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Testosterone levels of the participant were moderated by testosterone levels of the supporter during the socialchallenge, such that the supporter’s response was coupled with their partner’s testosterone response to stress. When the couples reported high-compatibility, their testosterone profiles were more coupled than for couples reporting low-compatibility. Findings fit within the challenge hypothesis and extend it in interesting ways. Testosterone may help an individual confront a challenge, and, more interestingly, testosterone may help a couple confront a challenge together.
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Yamashita, Marcelo Correa. "Service versioning and compatibility at feature level". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/78867.
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A evolução de serviços requer estratégicas para lidar adequadamente com a gerência de versões resultantes das alterações ocorridas durante o ciclo de vida do serviço. Normalmente, uma versão de serviço é exposta como um documento que descreve a funcionalidade do serviço, orientando desenvolvedores clientes sobre os detalhes de acesso ao serviço. No entanto, não existe um padrão para o tratamento de versões dos documentos que descrevem o serviço. Isso implica na dificuldade de identificação e localização de alterações, bem como na medição do seu impacto, especialmente em uma perspectiva mais granular. A compatibilidade aborda um estilo mais elegante de evolução de serviços, considerando os efeitos provenientes das alterações nas aplicações cliente. Ela define um conjunto de alterações permissivas, as quais não afetem a integração externa com o serviço. Entretanto, provedores não conseguem garantir que as alterações necessárias ao serviço estarão no conjunto de alterações compatíveis. Além disso, o conceito de compatibilidade é muitas vezes aplicado sobre a descrição do serviço como um todo, o que pode não ser representativo do uso real do serviço por uma aplicação cliente em particular. Assim, é de responsabilidade dos desenvolvedores clientes avaliar a extensão das alterações no serviço a fim de medir o impacto no seu cenário em particular. Esse processo pode ser difícil e propenso a erros sem o uso de mecanismos de identificação de mudanças. Este trabalho aborda a evolução do serviço de maneira mais granular, o que chamamos de nível de feature. Desse modo, nós propomos um modelo de controle de versões e um algoritmo de compatibilidade a nível de feature, que permite a identificação e qualificação do impacto das alterações, assim como a avaliação da compatibilidade das mudanças neste nível de feature. Este trabalho também apresenta um experimento com base em um serviço real, que explora o modelo de controle de versões para avaliar a extensão das mudanças implícitas e explícitas e sua avaliação de compatibilidade.Service evolution requires sound strategies to appropriately manage versions resulting from changes during service lifecycle. Typically, a service version is exposed as a description document that describes the service functionality, guiding client developers on the details for accessing the service. However, there is no standard for handling the versioning of service descriptions, which implies on difficulties on identifying and tracing changes as well as measuring their impact, particularly in a finer grain perspective. Compatibility addresses the graceful evolution of services by considering the effects of changes on client applications. It defines a set of permissible change cases that do not disrupt the service external integration. However, providers cannot always guarantee that the necessary changes yield compatible service descriptions. Moreover, the concept of compatibility is often applied to the entire service description, which can not be representative of the actual use of the service by a particular client application. So, it is the client’s developers responsibility to assess the extent of the change and their impact in their particular usage scenario, which can be hard and error-prone without proper change identification mechanisms. This work addresses service evolution in a finer grain manner, which we refer to as feature level. Hence, we propose a versioning model and a compatibility algorithm at feature level, which allows the identification and qualification of changes impact points, their ripple effect, as well as the assessment of changes’ compatibility in this finer grain of features. This work also reports an experiment based on a real service, which explores the versioning model to assess the scope of implicit and explicit changes and their compatibility assessment.
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Howdyshell, James Robert. "Strain Compatibility Analysis in Slope Stability Modeling". The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1269113810.
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Zhu, Boyuan. "The Electromagnetic Compatibility Problems of Integrated Circuits". Thesis, Griffith University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365527.
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With the constant speed of growth in semiconductor technology, integrated
circuit (IC) has taken a considerable position in an electronic system. The
integrated circuit is working in a low supply voltage with high operation
frequency. The internal complexity and chip density are also increased
dramatically. Modern microelectronic technology in wafer fabrication
easily allows component densities to exceed one million transistors per
die. So far, integrated circuits are suering from various and complicated
electromagnetic environments. Being the heart of an electronic system,
stability and reliability of the integrated circuit are of the most important
requirement along with the techniques development. The demands of high
electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) performance for integrated circuits are
therefore broadly spread among semiconductor manufacturers and product
users.
Traditionally, EMC for IC is only considered at the post-design stage.
Once built, it is only then that equipment is tested to see whether or
not it conforms to the relevant standards. This can prove very expensive
in terms of time, cost, and the potential need for retrot modications.
Simulating a piece of equipment is potentially much faster and cheaper than
taking a prototype or existing piece of equipment to a test-house. More
importantly, it allows the engineer to \look into" the equipment and see
where currents and elds are largest; this is almost impossible with physical
testing. Recently, computational electromagnetics (CEM) technique has
moved from pure mathematical analysis into design in engineering practice.
It can provide a much easier, faster and more economical solution of
prediction in EMC characteristics than conventional methods. Thus, EMC
computer modelling and simulation of IC is going to play an important role
in scientic research and industrial applications.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Engineering
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
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Grajek, Michał. "Network effects, compatibility, and adoption of standards". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15205.
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Diese Dissertation stellt ein strukturelles ökonometrisches Modell der Nachfrage mit direkten Netzwerkeffekten vor. Der strukturelle Ansatz ermöglicht es, den Umfang von Netzwerkeffekten and Netwerkkompatibilität zu identifizieren. Nach unserem Wissen ist es das erste Modell, das diese Identifikation im Falle von direkten Netzwerkeffekten ermöglicht. Gleichzeitig ist es der erste Versuch, den Umfang von Netzwerkkompatibilität mit ökonometrischen Methoden zu bestimmen. Das Modell wird dann angewandt, um die Nachfrage von Mobilfunkdienstleistungen, als auch den Zusammenhang zwischen ISO 9000 Normierung und internationalem Handel zu untersuchen. Die Schätzungsergebnisse führen zu interessanten wirtschaftspolitischen Folgerungen.This thesis introduces a structural econometric model of demand exhibiting direct network effects. The structural approach we follow allows us to identify the extent of network effects and compatibility between competing networks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first model that facilitates the identification in the case of direct network effects. At the same time, it is the first attempt to assess the degree of compatibility in an econometric framework. The model is then applied to investigate demand for mobile telecommunications service and the link between adoptions of ISO 9000 standard and international trade. The estimation results allow us to formulate some interesting policy conclusions.
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Imani, Shabnam, i Elnaz Farzaneh. "Electromagnetic Compatibility Requirements for Medical Device Certification". Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-13705.
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Until approximately 50 years ago, wireless electronics was confined to military purposes. With the advancement of technology, consumer electronics found widespread applications in almost every aspect of our lives and numerous devices were developed using electromagnetic waves to transfer different types of data. In light of such advancements, the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) evolved from a military concept to regulate the radio frequency requirements of the battlefield equipment to a mature and essential part in manufacturing and employing electronic devices. Medical devices were no exception and largely benefited from the ease of connectivity and mobility provided by usage of wireless electronics. Due to the sensitive nature of medical devices and extreme consequences of their malfunction, EMC grew to a centric issue in design and production of such devices. This work examines the electromagnetic compatibility of a wearable biomedical measurement system used for the assessment of mental stress of combatants in real time. This system was developed as a part of the ARTEC project and supported by the Spanish Ministry of Defense through the Future Combatant program [1]. We focus on the EMC of the electrocardiogram of the system and aim to identify its EMC requirements of this system while assessing it against various standards and protocols. Throughout this study, we elucidate the fundamentals of electromagnetic compatibility with specific attention to medical devices. Furthermore, we present our results after conducting several EMC tests to measure the compatibility of the electrocardiogram device using the Intertek guidelines. The emission test was performed while essential counter measures such as appropriate shielding and anti-interference filters had been applied.
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Marklund, Mikael. "Cross-functional product information process in a de-centralized organization". Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för management, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1150.
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Changes in big companies resulting in new organizational structures and cost cutting are pushing more and more of the knowledge and information handling to sub-units in a multi-national structure. For big knowledge-intensive companies that act in the global market place, internal information handling is becoming a challenge. The study and reflections are based on experiences from Ericsson, a knowledge-intensive global telecommunication company. This company delivers complex cross-functional products (solutions) and has a decentralized organization. It faces the cost of managing distributed product information and the challenge to gather relevant information in the sales departments. One can easily characterize the company’s complex and unique product offerings as having multiple dependencies. The solutions are composed by building blocks, i.e. different sub products, delivered by different product units. The different sub products suffer from limitations in how they can be combined into solutions. This study addresses the information gaps in a decentralized organization regarding this specific issue. It focuses on identifying vital information without driving cost and requiring organizational changes. Stakeholder identification was done from a value chain perspective. The type of information that would give the most profitable solutions was identified during group sessions and individual interviews. An asymmetric compatibility matrix (ACM) was developed to fit the purpose of keeping low maintenance cost and without requiring organizational changes. The ACM was applied and process maturity improvements were evaluated with the use of the Process Enterprise and Maturity Model. The Ericsson specific study shows that the use of an ACM for product compatibility information makes it possible to define information responsibility that is sustainable over time. Thereby the maintenance cost for this information can be brought down to a minimum. Furthermore, the study shows that the effort of gathering information for the sales organizations to provide customer solutions can be reduced by the use of an ACM offering generic compatibility information. Users of the ACM would be able to re-use its information and focus on customer specific sales and deployment issues rather than re-do what others already have done. Cost of sales as well as business risks would thereby likely decrease, affecting the bottom line positively. Furthermore new business opportunities are assumed to be addressed better since relevant generic information is made available up front. Other positive expected benefits are prevention of network malfunctions and increased customer satisfaction. From this study it can be concluded that an ACM can be a powerful tool for gathering cross-functional product information in large decentralized organizations at a low cost, without any organizational changes, and with a high process maturity. Further research would be needed if one would consider validating the general applicability of the ACM in other processes.
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Gatliff, Jason R. "TERRORISM AND JUST WAR TRADITION: ISSUES OF COMPATIBILITY". Connect to this title online, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1150154815.
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Thomas, Gareth, i gareth e. thomas@hotmail com. "Compatibility and structural interaction in passenger vehicle collisions". RMIT University. Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20070122.125652.
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This research contributes to the existing body of knowledge relating to crash compatibility (the minimisation of injury risk faced by all participants involved in a collision in traffic). The research focuses on the topic of structural interaction in collisions involving passenger vehicles, a phenomenon describing the efficiency of energy dissipation within existing deformation-zones of a passenger vehicle during a collision. A new definition for structural interaction was developed and several metrics to evaluate structural interaction and compatibility in car-to-car collisions were proposed, based on the commonly known Equivalent Energy Speed (EES) metric. The new EES metrics describe equivalent closing velocities for a given collision based on the energy dissipated within the front-ends (EESFF) and the entire structure (EESVV) of both vehicles involved in a head-on collision. These metrics form the basis of the new knowledge generated by this research. Additionally, a new method was developed to measure the amount of energy dissipated through structural deformation in a collision, based on accelerometer readings. This method was applied to several experimental and simulationbased car-to-car collisions and the validity of the method was proven. Based on the energy dissipation which occurred in the car-to-car collisions analysed, the degree of compatibility reached and the level of structural interaction which occurred in each collision was evaluated by applying the newly developed EESFF and EESVV metrics. Thie research also investigates the assessment of vehicles' structures in a standardized procedure with a view to improving structural interaction in the real-world. Several fixed barrier crash tests have been proposed in different configurations and with different assessment criteria. All assessments aim to evaluate the geometrical characteristics of the front-ends of passenger vehicles. A set of factors required from a compatilibility assessment focused on assessing vehicle geometry were identified. The proposed compatibility assessment procedures were evaluated based on their ability to predict the potential for structural interaction offered by passenger vehicles.
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Entsuah, Jojo. "Compatibility of grouted rock with acid mine drainage". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0005/MQ30665.pdf.
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Metcalfe, Mike. "Group compatibility and budget preparation : an empirical study /". Title page, contents and preface only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm588.pdf.
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Michalczyk, Lukasz. "Sexual selection and reproductive compatibility in Tribolium castaneum". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492959.
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VIEIRA, ROBSON DOMINGOS. "FREQUENCY PLANNING OPTIMIZATION USING ISOLATION AND COMPATIBILITY MATRICES". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2001. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=1965@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORUm algoritmo de alocação de freqüência eficiente deve considerar aspectos de propagação e detalhes de equipamento de modo a minimizar a relação a sinal interferência, e conseqüentemente, aumentar a eficiência do espectro. Essa dissertação tem o objetivo de propor uma melhor solução para alocação de freqüência nas rede TDMA e GSM, levando em consideração os aspectos citados. A abordagem utilizada é diferente das técnicas de alocação de freqüências usuais, que são baseadas na distância de reuso. O algoritmo proposto utiliza uma matriz que representa os aspectos de propagação (matriz de isolação) e uma matriz que representa os detalhes do equipamento (matriz de compatibilidade). A matriz de isolação mostra a relação sinal interferência que cada célula tem com as outras. Um estudo de como coletar os dados (seleção da rota no interior do setor) e de como trabalhar com os dados coletados foram realizados, objetivando-se ter matriz que melhor caracterizasse a rede utilizada. A matriz de compatibilidade mostra a distância em freqüência no qual se devem alocar os canais em uma mesma célula, células adjacentes e células co-sites. Os valores de espaçamento entre freqüências, sugeridos nesta dissertação, são valores práticos e dependem das técnicas utilizadas no planejamento e do equipamento utilizado em questão. O problema de alocação foi modelado com um problema inteiro. Uma heurística (divide and conquer) foi utilizada para particionar a rede em menores partes, em que o algoritmo branch and bound foi implementado. O algoritmo foi testado em duas redes com sessenta e trezentos e quarenta e oito setores respectivamente. As redes foram construída levando em consideração os dados topográficos e morfológicos da cidade de Brasília.
An efficient frequency assignment algorithm should consider both propagation conditions and equipment details, in order to minimize the carrier-to-interference ratio (C/I) and, as a result, to increase spectrum efficiency. This dissertation proposes a way to obtain a better solution for frequency assignment in TDMA and GSM networks, taking into account propagation conditions and equipment details. The proposed approach is different from usual frequency assignment techniques based on reuse distance. A frequency assignment algorithm proposed uses one matrix that represents the propagation features (isolation matrix) and another which represents the equipment details (compatibility matrix). The isolation matrix shows the signal to interference ratio between any two sectors in the whole network. A survey to define how to collect the data ( selection of the route inside the sector) and how to work with data collected was developed, aiming to obtain the best matrix representation of the network. The compatibility matrix shows the frequency distance between channels in the same sector, adjacent sector and co-site sectors. The frequency space values used in this matrix are practical values, which depend upon the technique used on the planning and on the utilized hardware. The frequency assignment was formulated as an integer problem. An heuristic (divide and conquer) was used to split the network into smaller parts where an exact algorithm branch and bound was implemented. The algorithm was tested on two networks with 60 and 348 sectors respectively. The networks were built having the topographical and morphological data from Brasilia city.
Un algoritmo eficiente de asignación de frecuencia debe considerar aspectos de propagación y detalles del equipo de modo tal que se minimize la relación señal-interferencia, y onsecuentemente, aumente la eficiencia del espectro. Esta disertación tiene como objetivo proponer una solución para la asignación de frecuencia en las redes TDMA y GSM, considerando los aspectos anteriormente citados. El enfoque utilizado difiere de las técnicas de asignación de frecuencias usuales, baseadas en la distancia de reuso. EL algoritmo propuesto utiliza una matriz que representa los aspectos de propagación (matriz de aislamiento) y una matriz que representa los detalles del equipo (matriz de compatibilidade). La matriz de aislamiento muestra la relación señal-interferencia que cada célula tiene con las otras. Se realiza un estudio de como recolectar los datos (selección de la ruta en el interior del sector) y de como trabajar con los datos recolectados, con el objetivo de obtener la matriz que mejor caracteriza la red utilizada. La matriz de compatibilidad muestra la distancia en frecuencia en la cual se deben alocar los canales en una misma célula, células adyacentes y células co-sites. Los valores de espacio entre frecuencias, sugeridos en esta disertación, son valores prácticos y dependen de las técnicas utilizadas en el planificación y del equipo utilizado. El problema de asignación fue modelado como un problema entero. Fue utilizada una heurística (divide and conquer) para particionar la red en menores partes, donde se implementó el algoritmo branch and bound. EL algoritmo fue probado en dos redes con sesenta y trezentos y quarenta y oito sectores respectivamente. Las redes fueron construidas considerando los datos topográficos y morfológicos de la ciudad de Brasilia.
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Preciado, Michael Patrick. "The compatibility of guidance control and reformed theology". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=235593.
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In this thesis, I ask whether reformed theology is compatible with guidance control. I conclude that they are compatible. The main areas of compatibility are fourfold. First, both deny the sourcehood condition. Second, both deny the alternative possibilities condition. Third, both are types of reasons-responsive theories. Finally, both have a similar subjectivist condition. This conclusion implies that the resources of guidance control can be constructively used, developed and applied by reformed theologians and philosophers. Guidance control can be applied to the debates on free will and moral responsibility as well as to ethics and other related fields.
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Scott, Niall William Richard. "The compatibility between Kantian ethics and evolutionary ethics". Thesis, Lancaster University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421641.
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Rohovský, Tomáš. "Detection of API and ABI Compatibility in Java". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-236358.
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Tato diplomová práce se zabývá API a ABI kompatibilitou Java knihoven. Jsou popsány typy kompatibility a analyzovány změny API, které vedou k zdrojové či binárni nekompatibilitě. Dále je provedena analýza existujících nástrojů, které provádějí zjišťování nekompatibility. Vhodný nástroj z předchozí analýzy je vybrán a rozšířen. Na základě rozšířeného nástroje je vytvořena serverová aplikace, která poskytuje informace o kompatibilitě sledovaných knihoven.
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PAEZ, OMAR ROLANDO. "PERFORMANCE TRACKING THROUGH THE WORK COMPATIBILITY VISUAL TOOL". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1085769444.
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Sobeih, Tarek Mohamed. "Work Compatibility and Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Construction Workers". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1151523114.
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Lundengård, Karl. "Generalized Vandermonde matrices and determinants in electromagnetic compatibility". Licentiate thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Utbildningsvetenskap och Matematik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-34864.
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Matrices whose rows (or columns) consists of monomials of sequential powers are called Vandermonde matrices and can be used to describe several useful concepts and have properties that can be helpful for solving many kinds of problems. In this thesis we will discuss this matrix and some of its properties as well as a generalization of it and how it can be applied to curve fitting discharge current for the purpose of ensuring electromagnetic compatibility. In the first chapter the basic theory for later chapters is introduced. This includes the Vandermonde matrix and some of its properties, history, applications and generalizations, interpolation and regression problems, optimal experiment design and modelling of electrostatic discharge currents with the purpose to ensure electromagnetic compatibility. The second chapter focuses on finding the extreme points for the determinant for the Vandermonde matrix on various surfaces including spheres, ellipsoids, cylinders and tori. The extreme points are analysed in three dimensions or more. The third chapter discusses fitting a particular model called the p-peaked Analytically Extended Function (AEF) to data taken either from a standard for electromagnetic compatibility or experimental measurements. More specifically the AEF will be fitted to discharge currents from the IEC 62305-1 and IEC 61000-4-2 standards for lightning protection and electrostatic discharge immunity as well as some experimentally measured data of similar phenomena.
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Liu, Yue. "Investigation on elastomer compatibility with alternative aviation fuels". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4829/.
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The introduction of synthetic fuels produced from various alternative approaches has led to the concern over their compatibility with elastomeric seals used in current aircraft engines. The aim of this research is to investigate into this compatibility issue of alternative aviation fuels with typical elastomeric sealing materials. Experimental methodologies employed were the stress relaxation test (under both isothermal and temperature cycling conditions) and the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. A wide range of valuable data was collected and detailed analysis was carried out using statistical method and the Hansen Solubility Parameters (HSPs). The outcome of this research establishes the fundamental stress relaxation characteristics of typical sealing materials in jet fuels produced via various sources. It demonstrates different impacts that individual fuel species may have on seals. A correlation has been found between the stress relaxation and the molecular structure changes of the O-rings. The HSP analysis suggests a good non-linear correlation between the equilibrium compression force and the RED number generated from the ‘triangle’ test data. It is proved that temperature is an influential factor in terms of the sealing performance of an O-ring. Generally, the stress relaxation process slows down (accelerates) as the temperature decreases (increases). At extremely low temperatures, seals become very inert and the relaxation process would stop. Temperature cycling tests show the relationship between seals’ ability to recovery from thermal contraction and the aromatic content in the fuel. Based on the knowledge gained here, recommendations have been given on the potential future work related to this topic.
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Wang, Xinhui. "Towards color compatibility in fashion using machine learning". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-257784.
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Fashion analyses, such as predicting trends and fashion recommendation, have been a hot topic. Color, as one of the dominant features of clothing, has great influence on people’s shopping behaviors. Understanding popular colors and color combinations are of high business value. In this thesis, we investigate compatible color combinations in fashion. We tackle this problem in two parts. First, we implement a semantic segmentation model of fashion images to segment different clothing items of daily photos. We employ Deeplab V2 trained on ModaNet dataset, reaching 0.64 mIoU and 0.96 accuracy in the test set. Our experimental results achieve the state-of-the-art performance comparing to other models proposed in this field. Second, we propose two color recommendation approaches, matrix factorization and item-to-item collaborative filtering, in order to study color combinations in fashion and possibly make recommendations based on the study outcomes. The item-to-item collaborative filtering model shows the compatibility between/among colors quantitatively and achieves high-quality color recommendations with a hit-rate of 0.49.Modeanalyser,som att förutse trender och mode, är ett hett område. Färg, som är en av de dominerande egenskaperna hos kläder,har stor inverkan på människors shoppingbeteenden. Att förstå populära färger och färgkombinationer är av högt aärsvärde. I denna avhandling undersöker vi kompatibla färgkombinationer inom mode. Vi tar itu med detta problem i två delar. Först genomför vi en semantisk segmenteringsmodell av modebilder för att segmentera olika klädselar av modebilder.Våra experimentella resultat visar att vår segmenteringsmodell når topp-prestanda och är mer generaliserbar jämfört med andra modeller som föreslås inom detta fält. Därför föreslår vi två färgrekommendationsmetoder; matrisfaktorisering och sammansatt ltrering mellan objekt och objekt. Detta i syfte att studera färgkombinationer inom mode och möjligengöra färgrekommendationer. Våra experiment visar kompatibilitet mellan färger kvantitativt och uppnår färgrekommendationer med en träffsäkerhet på 0.49.
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Williams, Louise Ann. "The Compatibility of Religious Exclusivism and Religious Pluralism". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/297796.
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What are we to make of the religious diversity present in our world? There are two main views in the face of such diversity. The religious exclusivist (RE) holds that the truth claims of only his or her tradition are the correct claims. Alternatively, the religious pluralist (RP) asserts that the truth claims of all traditions are correct in some sense. In this paper I explore several philosophical arguments in favor of each view including: Alvin Plantinga, William P. Alston, and John Hick. I argue that the distinction between the RE and the RP is actually based in different domains. The RE is posing a solution in the domain of the individual practitioner, while the religious pluralist is offering a solution in the global domain. These two views are distinguished by the distinct set of concerns defining each domain. The main concern defining the individual practitioner domain relates to the genuine belief of the practitioner, and the global domain defining concern is the problem of epistemic peers. Finally, I argue that it is possible to consistently be a RE in one domain and a RP in another, so long as the agent can successfully navigate the differences between domains.
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Wilson, Bejie DeAnn. "The evolution of compatibility". 2007. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/wilson%5Fbejie%5Fd%5F200712%5Fmhp.
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Pan, Shih-Kang, i 潘仕剛. "Bundling, Quality and Compatibility". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20724082822087350323.
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Wang, Ying-Jhu, i 王映築. "Preliminary analysis of sexuality compatibility". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97126851824710400712.
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Teng, Ya-Ju, i 鄧雅如. "Network Compatibility and Price Competition". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73510694121264033522.
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碩士淡江大學
國際企業學系碩士班
99
In this paper, there are duopoly firms on the market. The network sizes of two firms are asymmetric. Under the Compatibility that the market gave, two firms do price competition, firms achieve the optimal market share, the optimal price and profits. We use the method of Palma and Leruth (1996) to measure the size of network externalities. Consumers must choose one of two consumer products. And discuss if the compatibility between two products required to enhance. What will affect the market share , price and profit of firms? There are some different points that this study compared with previous literature：First, the compatibility between the product manufacturer is partial compatibility ; second, two firms are price competition.; third, the vertical difference between the products, meaning products are significant differences between the quality; fourth, consumer preferences are all different, that is, consumers like the product has a different degree. Based on the above conditions , we tried to achieve the optimal market share, optimal price and profit of two firms. And what will the firms do if the compatibility between them is required to enhance. In conclusion, we found when the compatibility of products between manufacturers are required to increase, it will cause the larger network firms to reduce their market share, lower prices and reduced profits. Compared to the larger network firm, the market share of smaller companies will increase, higher prices and thus increase profits. Because of this conclusion, we can determine that the larger the network will be unwilling to increase compatibility of manufacturers; smaller companies will find ways to improve compatibility level. Reasons for this result, we sorted out the two: first, the competitive effects :this make the price competition between manufacturers will become more intense; second, the network effect : it lead the smaller firms to increase its number of customers, then makes the other manufacturer’s market share decline. And then the consumer surplus will decrease, the original advantage fall away. The larger network company has to cut price to attract the customers.