Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Comparisons

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Comparisons”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 11 marca 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Comparisons"

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Kalro, Arti D., Bharadhwaj Sivakumaran i Rahul R. Marathe. "The ad format-strategy effect on comparative advertising effectiveness". European Journal of Marketing 51, nr 1 (13.02.2017): 99–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-11-2015-0764.

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Purpose Extant research on comparative advertising has focused only on “market leader” comparisons (a brand targeting the market leader), whereas in the marketplace, “multi-brand” comparisons are more prevalent (Kalro et al., 2010). Moreover, most research focuses on direct comparisons only. Hence, this research aims to investigate the interplay between comparison ad strategy (“market leader”/“multi-brand” comparisons) and comparison ad format (direct/indirect comparisons) on the effectiveness of comparative advertising. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses four 2 × 2 fully crossed factorial designs (comparison ad format: direct vs indirect and comparison ad strategy: market leader vs multi brand) with established and new brands in two categories: powdered detergents and smart phones. All studies were conducted in metropolitan cities of India. Findings By and large, the experiments indicated that direct (indirect) comparisons lowered (heightened) perceived manipulative intent and enhanced (reduced) attitude-toward-the-ad for multi-brand (market leader) comparisons. Practical implications Findings suggest that when advertisers use comparative advertising, they may use direct ads when using multi-brand comparisons and use indirect ones when using market leader comparisons. It could also be argued that when advertisers use multi-brand comparisons because of fragmentation in the marketplace, they may directly compare against these multiple brands. When advertisers need to compare against a market leader, they may do so indirectly. Originality/value This research is among the first to investigate multi-brand comparisons that are widely used in the industry and that too in the context of both direct and indirect comparison formats.
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DÜNDAR, Mahire Armağan, i Fırat TUFAN. "Sosyal Ağ Sitelerinde Sosyal Karşılaştırma Davranışı: Instagram- Twitter Karşılaştırması". Yeni Medya Dergisi 2022, nr 12 (30.06.2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.55609/yenimedya.1051044.

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The purpose of this study is to examine social comparison behavior on social networking sites (SNS). Quantitative research method based on the closed-ended questionnaire technique was used in the study in which social comparison behavior was examined on image-based SNS, Instagram and text-based SNS, Twitter. Findings show that; individuals make social comparisons more in physical environments than on SNS. The level of social comparison is higher on Instagram compared to Twitter. Individuals are more frequently engaged in upward comparisons than downward comparisons on both Instagram and Twitter. Wealth is the domain in which individuals make comparisons the most on Instagram while the prominent comparison domain on Twitter is success. Inspiration is an emotion experienced most by individuals towards upward comparisons, whereas sympathy is the most experienced emotion by individuals towards downward comparisons on both Instagram and Twitter. There is no relation between social comparison level and frequency of SNS use.
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Pollak, Robert A. "Welfare comparisons and situation comparisons". Journal of Econometrics 50, nr 1-2 (październik 1991): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(91)90088-u.

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McCarthy, Peter A., Thomas Meyer, Mitja D. Back i Nexhmedin Morina. "How we compare: A new approach to assess aspects of the comparison process for appearance-based standards and their associations with individual differences in wellbeing and personality measures". PLOS ONE 18, nr 1 (11.01.2023): e0280072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280072.

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We introduce a novel approach to assess habitual comparison processes, while distinguishing between different types of comparison standards. Several comparison theories (e.g., social) suggest that self-evaluations use different standards to inform self-perception and are associated with wellbeing and personality. We developed the Comparison Standards Scale for Appearance (CSS-A) to examine self-reported engagement with social, temporal, criteria-based, dimensional, and counterfactual comparisons for upward and downward standards in relation to appearance. The scale was completed by three hundred participants online alongside measures of appearance schemas, social comparison evaluations, depression, anxiety, stress, self-esteem, physical self-concept, narcissism, and perfectionism. The CSS-A was found to reliably assess individual differences in upward and downward comparison frequency and affective impact for multiple comparison standards. In line with theory, CSS-A upward comparisons were more frequent than downward comparisons and coincided with negative (versus positive) affective impact. Comparison intensity (i.e., comparison frequency × discrepancy) predicted negative and positive affective impact for upward and downward comparisons, respectively. This relationship was partially mediated by appearance concern for upward comparisons (a composite of appearance schemas and physical self-concept), yet moderated by negativity for downward comparisons (a composite of depression, anxiety, stress, and self-esteem). We offer a framework for measuring the comparison process that warrants further research on underlying comparison processes, for which the CSS(-A) and experience sampling methods should serve as useful tools.
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Lin, Chien-Huang, i Chia-Ching Tsai. "COMPARISON CONDITIONS, COMPARISON PATTERNS AND MODELS OF COMPARATIVE BEHAVIOR". Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 35, nr 6 (1.01.2007): 761–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2007.35.6.761.

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The conditions that cause subjects to make comparisons and the comparison patterns that influence the results of comparisons were investigated. People make social or temporal-past or temporal-future comparisons when facing a condition of decision. The impact of self-esteem on the choices of comparison patterns was also investigated. Unlike past research, three comparison patterns were investigated and three comparative models that lead to self-perception and affects are proposed.
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Bylsma, Wayne H., i Brenda Major. "Social Comparisons and Contentment". Psychology of Women Quarterly 18, nr 2 (czerwiec 1994): 241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1994.tb00453.x.

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This study explored the role of social comparison processes in fostering contentment among those who are objectively disadvantaged. We focus on how comparisons can produce gender differences in personal entitlement, perceptions of one's own performance, and pay satisfaction. We hypothesized that individuals would base judgments of entitlement, performance, and pay satisfaction more on comparisons with ingroup (same-sex) than outgroup (cross-sex) others, even when both types of comparison information were equally available, unavoidable, and made clear the disadvantaged status of the ingroup. As predicted, the amount students felt they were entitled to be paid, how well they thought they had performed (women only), and how satisfied they were with their pay were all influenced more by same-sex than cross-sex comparison information. The implications of these results for the tolerance of injustice among disadvantaged groups are discussed.
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Miarka, Bianca, Fabrício B. D. Vecchio, Suzi Camey i John A. Amtmann. "Comparisons". Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 30, nr 7 (lipiec 2016): 1975–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000001287.

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King, Robert. "Comparisons". Missouri Review 25, nr 2 (2002): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mis.2002.0140.

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Tosun, Leman Pinar, Ahu Öztürk i Gamze Özdemir. "Mother to mother: Mothers’ social comparison-based emotions on social networking sites". Europe’s Journal of Psychology 16, nr 4 (27.11.2020): 602–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v16i4.2159.

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Social networking sites (SNSs) are platforms where people make social comparisons very frequently, and because of those comparisons, they have the potential for evoking a wide range of emotions. According to typology of social comparison-based emotions, the emotions felt after social comparisons may vary according to the direction of comparison (upward vs. downward) as well as the internal process that triggered by those comparisons (assimilation vs. contrast). The current study aims to examine the mothers' emotions they felt after social comparisons they make with other mothers on the SNSs, and search out the usefulness of using the typology of social comparison-based emotions in examining those emotions. For this purpose, an online survey was conducted on 42 mothers between the ages of 20 and 48, who have been a member of SNSs for at least six months. Mothers responses to two open-ended questions; one is about the emotions they feel after upward comparisons, and the other is about the ones that they felt after downward comparison they made with other mothers on SNSs, were examined through thematic analyses. The results pointed out that the emotion classification offered in Smith’s theory might be useful in examining the social comparisons on SNSs made by mothers, with the addition of some new categories. Specifically, it was found that some mothers feel doubts about the credibility of information in other mothers’ posts, and some others denied they are emotionally influenced by social comparisons. Another interesting finding was that mothers reported to feel assimilative and contrastive emotions simultaneously.
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Foley, Sharon, Hang-yue Ngo i Raymond Loi. "Antecedents and consequences of upward and downward social comparisons". International Journal of Organizational Analysis 24, nr 1 (14.03.2016): 145–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-02-2014-0743.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to extend and test a theory of uncertainty and directional social comparisons. Prior studies have posited that uncertainty leads to increased upward and downward social comparisons. The authors ' view is that uncertainty affects upward and downward comparisons differentially. They test their theory in the Chinese workplace, and focus specifically on employees’ comparisons of career progress. Workplace consequences of social comparisons are also investigated. Design/methodology/approach – The authors achieve their objectives by collecting data from respondents in China that measure uncertainty, directional social comparisons, organizational commitment and job satisfaction. They use a longitudinal design to assess causality. Findings – This paper found that perceived organizational support, an antecedent that lowers uncertainty in the workplace, is related to upward social comparison, whereas psychological entitlement, an uncertainty-raising antecedent, is related to downward social comparison. Upward social comparison positively affected organizational commitment, whereas downward social comparison positively impacted job satisfaction. Research limitations/implications – The data collection relied on self-reports and hence the findings may be adversely affected by common method bias. Another limitation involves the generalizability of results, given that the respondents were drawn from three large firms in China. Originality/value – This paper indicates that directional social comparison processes serve as an important mechanism for understanding how employees’ work attitudes are developed. It also demonstrates the applicability of social comparison theory to the study of organizational behavior in China.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Comparisons"

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Buhrmann, Oswald G. "The comparison conundrum, social and counterfactual comparisons". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0003/MQ42133.pdf.

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Dias, Sofia Duarte Siva. "Predictive comparisons". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275027.

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Hutchinson, Michael. "Inter-laboratory comparisons". Thesis, University of Surrey, 1999. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/842963/.

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A number of alloy bars were manufactured to some very precise specifications. Certain scientific institutions then performed chemical analyses and made several measurements of the content of some chemical elements of interest. The measurements made on each of the alloy bars can be considered a set of repeated measurements. Modelling techniques for repeated measurements are now well established. Many of these techniques are based on the multivariate normal distribution with some specified mean and covariance structure. Modelling of the covariance structure is necessary so that efficient and meaningful inferences may be made about the mean structure. For the example of repeated measurements made on an alloy bar, the set of measurements is assumed to follow a multivariate normal distribution with a mean mu and a covariance structure Sigma. The choice of mu and Sigma is explored. Experiments which produce sets of repeated measurements can quite often result in a large amount of data being collected. This means that the use of statistical techniques to fit the model to the data can become computationally demanding. The use of maximum likelihood estimation is considered. Several aspects of constructing computationally efficient algorithms to maximise the likelihood function of the data are addressed. When the proposed model has been fitted to the data the suitability of the model and its assumptions are investigated. A score test is constructed to assess the correctness of the proposed covariance structure. Normal plots of the standardised residuals are used to assess other possible defects in the model, such as an incorrect assumption of normally distributed data. The work which has been carried out was motivated specifically by experiments where the set of repeated measurements came from a chemical analysis of an alloy material. It is the percentage content of a number of chemical elements which is of interest and the choice of statistical models was made with this in mind. However, it is demonstrated how the statistical techniques and models for the analysis of the chemical data may be used to analyse repeated measurements which arise from other kinds of experiments.
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胡錦賢 i Kam-yin Wu. "A linguistic study of interrogation in Cantonese: comparisions [sic. comparisons] with English". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3120952X.

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Sjolander, Morne Rowan. "Time series models for paired comparisons". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012858.

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The method of paired comparisons is seen as a technique used to rank a set of objects with respect to an abstract or immeasurable property. To do this, the objects get to be compared two at a time. The results are input into a model, resulting in numbers known as weights being assigned to the objects. The weights are then used to rank the objects. The method of paired comparisons was first used for psychometric investigations. Various other applications of the method are also present, for example economic applications, and applications in sports statistics. This study involves taking paired comparison models and making them time-dependent. Not much research has been done in this area. Three new time series models for paired comparisons are created. Simulations are done to support the evidence obtained, and theoretical as well as practical examples are given to illustrate the results and to verify the efficiency of the new models. A literature study is given on the method of paired comparisons, as well as on the areas in which we apply our models. Our first two time series models for paired comparisons are the Linear-Trend Bradley- Terry Model and the Sinusoidal Bradley-Terry Model. We use the maximum likelihood approach to solve these models. We test our models using exact and randomly simulated data for various time periods and various numbers of objects. We adapt the Linear-Trend Bradley-Terry Model and received our third time series model for paired comparisons, the Log Linear-Trend Bradley-Terry Model. The daily maximum and minimum temperatures were received for Port Elizabeth, Uitenhage and Coega for 2005 until 2009. To evaluate the performance of the Linear-Trend Bradley-Terry Model and the Sinusoidal Bradley-Terry Model on estimating missing temperature data, we artificially remove observations of temperature from Coega’s temperature dataset for 2006 until 2008, and use various forms of these models to estimate the missing data points. The exchange rates for 2005 until 2008 between the following currencies: the Rand, Dollar, Euro, Pound and Yen, were obtained and various forms of our Log Linear-Trend Bradley-Terry Model are used to forecast the exchange rate for one day ahead for each month in 2006 until 2008. One of the features of this study is that we apply our time series models for paired comparisons to areas which comprise non-standard paired comparisons; and we want to encourage the use of the method of paired comparisons in a broader sense than what it is traditionally used for. The results of this study can be used in various other areas, like for example, in sports statistics, to rank the strength of sports players and predict their future scores; in Physics, to calculate weather risks of electricity generation, particularly risks related to nuclear power plants, and so forth, as well as in many other areas. It is hoped that this research will open the door to much more research in combining time series analysis with the method of paired comparisons.
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Lim, Yeongyu. "Cognitive diagnostic model comparisons". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53513.

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Cognitive diagnostic assessment (CDA) is a new theoretical framework that is designed to integrate cognitive psychology into measurement theories. The main purpose of CDA is to provide examinees with diagnostic information while traditional psychometric approaches focus on how latent variables are accurately measured. Many cognitive diagnostic models (CDM) have been developed for CDA. Three cognitive diagnostic models- namely the rule space method (RSM), the high-order deterministic inputs, noisy ‘and’ gate (HO-DINA) model, and the multidimensional latent trait model for diagnosis (MLTM-D) model were compared using simulated data and empirical data. For the simulation study, three methods of data generation are proposed. Each method was designed based on one of the three models. A total of 12 conditions was involved in the simulation study: 2 item designs X 2 level of test X 3 methods of data generation. The diagnostic results were compared by level of test difficulty, level of ability estimates, and level of dimensionality. The effect of number of attributes on accurate classification was also investigated. For the empirical study, a mathematics test data was used and the diagnostic results were compared.
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Neugebauer, Josephine [Verfasser], i Kai [Akademischer Betreuer] Sassenberg. "When social comparisons are (dys-)functional : The influence of social comparisons, knowledge awareness, and comparison motivation in collaborative learning / Josephine Neugebauer ; Betreuer: Kai Sassenberg". Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1165309505/34.

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Sjölander, Morné Rowan. "SL-model for paired comparisons". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/605.

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The method of paired comparisons can be found all the way back to 1860, where Fechner made the first publication in this method, using it for his psychometric investigations [4]. Thurstone formalised the method by providing a mathematical background to it [9-11] and in 1927 the method’s birth took place with his psychometric publications, one being “a law of comparative judgment” [12-14]. The law of comparative judgment is a set of equations relating the proportion of times any stimulus k is judged greater on a given attribute than any other stimulus j to the scales and discriminal dispersions of the two stimuli on the psychological continuum. The amount of research done for discrete models of paired comparisons is not a lot. This study develops a new discrete model, the SL-model for paired comparisons. Paired comparisons data processing in which objects have an upper limit to their scores was also not yet developed, and making such a model is one of the aims of this report. The SLmodel is thus developed in this context; however, the model easily generalises to not necessarily having an upper limit on scores.
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Coker, Audra Lee. "PET/CT shielding design comparisons". Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5836.

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The objective of this project was to compare two different methods of calculating dose through lead-shielded walls in the PET/CT suite at Scott & White Hospital in Temple, Texas. The ultimate goal was to see which of the two methods agreed with the actual physical measurements. Minimizing shielding needed in future suite designs would result in a possible reduction of structural as well as financial burden. Formulas and attenuation coefficients following the basic January 2006 AAPM guidelines were used to calculate unattenuated radiation through existing lead walls. The computer code MCNPX was used to simulate the leaded walls of the PET/CT suite and provide another set of results. These two sets of results were compared to doses gathered from OSL badges placed around the suite for a period of two months. For this type of problem, MCNPX proved to provide results that were inconsistent and unreliable. It was concluded that the traditional computational methods are the most reliable for designing shielding in a PET/CT suite.
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Nosenzo, Daniele. "Social preferences and social comparisons". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11362/.

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Chapter 1 introduces the thesis providing an overview of the common themes and methods underlying this research. Chapter 2 reports an experiment that examines the characteristics of effective leaders in a leader-follower voluntary contributions game. We focus on two factors: leaders’ cooperativeness and their beliefs about followers’cooperativeness. We find that groups perform best when led by cooperatively inclined leaders, partly because they are intrinsically motivated to contribute more than non-cooperative leaders, partly because they are more optimistic about followers’ cooperativeness. Chapter 3 reports an experiment comparing sequential and simultaneous contributions to a public good in a quasi-linear two-person setting. As predicted, we find that overall provision may be lower under sequential than simultaneous contributions. However, we also find that the distribution of contributions is more equitable than predicted when the first-mover is predicted to free-ride, but not when the second-mover is predicted to free-ride. These results can be explained by second-movers’ willingness to punish free-riders, and unwillingness to reward first-movers who contribute. Chapter 4 investigates the impact of social comparisons on reciprocal relationships. Using a three-person gift- exchange game we study how employees’ reciprocity towards an employer is affected by pay comparison information (information about what co-workers earn) and effort comparison information (information about how co-workers perform). We find that pay comparison information does not affect reciprocity, while effort comparison information can influence reciprocal relationships in important ways. Chapter 5 also examines the impact of pay comparisons on effort behaviour. We compare effort in a treatment where co-workers’ wages are secret with effort in two ‘public wages’ treatments differing in whether co-workers’ wages are chosen by an employer, or are fixed exogenously by the experimenter. We find that pay comparisons are detrimental for effort, particularly when coworkers’ wages are exogenous. Chapter 6 summarises the findings of this research and concludes.
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Książki na temat "Comparisons"

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Bartl, Almuth. Comparisons. Hauppauge, NY: Barron's, 2000.

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Reforming China: International comparisions [i.e. comparisons] and reference. Singapore: Enrich Professional Pub., 2011.

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Klockars, Alan, i Gilbert Sax. Multiple Comparisons. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320 United States of America: SAGE Publications, Inc., 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412985185.

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Hsu, Jason C. Multiple Comparisons. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7180-7.

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Historical comparisons. Washington, D.C: American Historical Association, 2007.

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Klockars, Alan J. Multiple comparisons. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, 1986.

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Nebraska. Dept. of Economic Development., red. State comparisons. Lincoln, Neb. (P.O. Box 94666, Lincoln 68509): Nebraska Dept. of Economic Development, 1988.

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Christopher, Nobes, i Coopers & Lybrand Deloitte., red. Accounting comparisons. [Croydon]: Coopers & Lybrand Deloitte, 1991.

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Christopher, Nobes, i Coopers & Lybrand (Firm), red. Accounting comparisons. London: Coopers & Lybrand, 1993.

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Ghosh, Jyoti. Accounting comparisons. Croydon: Coopers & Lybrand Deloitte, 1992.

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Części książek na temat "Comparisons"

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Hsu, Jason C. "Introduction to simultaneous statistical inference". W Multiple Comparisons, 1–23. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7180-7_1.

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Hsu, Jason C. "Classification of multiple comparison methods". W Multiple Comparisons, 24–42. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7180-7_2.

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Hsu, Jason C. "Multiple comparisons with a control". W Multiple Comparisons, 43–80. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7180-7_3.

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Hsu, Jason C. "Multiple comparisons with the best". W Multiple Comparisons, 81–118. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7180-7_4.

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Hsu, Jason C. "All-pairwise comparisons". W Multiple Comparisons, 119–74. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7180-7_5.

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Hsu, Jason C. "Abuses and misconceptions in multiple comparisons". W Multiple Comparisons, 175–80. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7180-7_6.

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Hsu, Jason C. "Multiple comparisons in the general linear model". W Multiple Comparisons, 181–226. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7180-7_7.

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Kundert, Kenneth S., Jacob K. White i Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli. "Comparisons". W Steady-State Methods for Simulating Analog and Microwave Circuits, 187–95. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2081-5_8.

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Wallwork, Adrian. "Comparisons". W Top 50 Grammar Mistakes, 37–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70984-0_16.

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Williams, Brian. "Comparisons". W Biostatistics, 94–122. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6906-4_7.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Comparisons"

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Stoppe, Jannis, i Björn Gottfried. "Skeleton comparisons". W the 11th ACM symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2034691.2034712.

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Liebmann, Frank. "Treatment of Temperature Data for Comparison in Interlaboratory Comparisons". W NCSL International Workshop & Symposium. NCSL International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2019.09.

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Inter laboratory comparisons and proficiency tests are used to validate the measurement capabilities of laboratories. These types of tests are done between laboratories with similar measurement capabilities. For laboratories complying with ISO/IEC 17025, this is one of the ways to meet the requirements for assuring the quality of calibration results. In inter laboratory comparisons, a test item (sometimes called an artifact) is measured at the participating laboratories. The measurements of each laboratory are compared. The most common way to compare these data is specified in ISO 17043. This is called a normal equivalence test. In this test, the participant laboratory's measurements are compared to the reference laboratory's measurements. Agreement is determined by comparing the difference between these measurements and dividing them by the root sum squared of both laboratories' expanded uncertainty. The mathematics of this is simple when both laboratories are using the same reference value for their measure and. In comparisons involving contact temperature sensors, this reference value may not be the same for a number of reasons. These reasons include: the traceable temperature of fixed points may not be exactly the same; one or both laboratories do comparison calibrations in stirred liquid baths where the reference temperature may vary slightly from the nominal calibration temperature; and the laboratories may not have a common set of temperatures in their standard process. In the cases mentioned above, guidance is needed to make comparisons for normal equivalence to address these situations. This paper speaks to the author's experience in addressing all three of these situations. It addresses the mathematical process needed to compare these measurements, so that normal equivalence may be determined. Along with the theoretical concepts, it gives practical examples of how these methods are employed.
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Hanson, John, M. Shrader i Craig Cruzen. "Ascent guidance comparisons". W Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-3568.

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Dalal, E. N., J. C. Handley, W. Wu i J. Wang. "Anchored paired comparisons". W Electronic Imaging 2008, redaktorzy Susan P. Farnand i Frans Gaykema. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.766363.

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Ohya, Takao. "Incomplete Pairwise Comparisons". W The International Symposium on the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Creative Decisions Foundation, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.13033/isahp.y2007.027.

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Heinzlreiter, Paul, Michael T. Krieger i Iris Leitner. "Hadoop-Based Genome Comparisons". W 2012 International Conference on Cloud and Green Computing (CGC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cgc.2012.83.

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Spencer, Roger, Ruth Sunderman i Evgueni Todorov. "FMC/TFM experimental comparisons". W 44TH ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLUME 37. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5031512.

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Aras, Efe, i Thomas A. Courtade. "Sharp Maximum-Entropy Comparisons". W 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isit45174.2021.9517779.

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Liu, Bing, Kaidi Zhao i Lan Yi. "Visualizing web site comparisons". W the eleventh international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/511446.511536.

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Wang, Qichen, i Ke Yi. "Conjunctive Queries with Comparisons". W SIGMOD/PODS '22: International Conference on Management of Data. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3514221.3517830.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Comparisons"

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Stanley, April Elisha, i Ellen McKinney. Comparison Matrix and Venn Diagram: Making Comparisons in Flat Patternmaking. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, listopad 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-1530.

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Niles, Kenneth, Joseph Jabour, Joshua Church i Timothy Garton. TradeAnalysis visualization comparisons. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), sierpień 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/33809.

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Coe, Richard, Karl Hughes, Phosiso Sola i Fergus Sinclair. Planned Comparisons Demystified. World Agroforestry Centre, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp17354.pdf.

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Lehmann, Bruce, i David Modest. Mutual Fund Performance Evaluation: A Comparison of Benchmarks and Benchmark Comparisons. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, październik 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w1721.

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Klasky, Marc Louis, Steven Charles Myers, Michael R. James i Douglas R. Mayo. MCNP and GADRAS Comparisons. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), kwiecień 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1248125.

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DeJong, Joel L., i Kris Kohl. Liquid Manure Analysis Comparisons. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-820.

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Thompson, Andrew A. Interval Scales From Paired Comparisons. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, maj 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada568737.

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Barro, Robert, i Jong-Wha Lee. International Comparisons of Educational Attainment. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, kwiecień 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4349.

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Rossi, Barbara, i Raffaella Giacomini. Model comparisons in unstable environments. Institute for Fiscal Studies, czerwiec 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/wp.cem.2012.1312.

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Biwer, B. M., J. J. Arnish, S. Y. Chen i S. Kamboj. RISKIND verification and benchmark comparisons. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), sierpień 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/542033.

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