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Barrette, Mathieu. "Méthode de comparaison statistique des performances d'algorithmes évolutionnaires". Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2008. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/156/1/BARRETTE_Mathieu.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaIzygon, Michel. "Évaluation des performances annuelles de la centrale solaire THEMIS : comparaison des performances de différentes centrales solaires". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ECAP0051.
Pełny tekst źródłaIzygon, Michel. "Evaluation des performances annuelles de la centrale solaire THEMIS comparaison des performances de différentes centrales solaires /". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37606111r.
Pełny tekst źródłaGayat, Étienne. "Comparaison des performances de deux thérapeutiques en l'absence d'essai clinique randomisé". Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077226.
Pełny tekst źródłaRandomized controlled trial is considered the gold standard for evaluating the effectiveness of a treatment, whether a drug, medical device or a strategy supported. On the contrary, observational studies would examine only the association between exposure and become a subject without being able to establish a causal link between exposure and the future. Methods of data analysis have been proposed in order to estimate the causal effect of exposure based on observational data, from these propensity scores are a method commonly used in the medical literature. In the first part of this work, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of observational studies to estimate the effect of treatment. We will present in the second part an overview of the use of propensity scores, especially in the literature of anesthesiology and intensive care. In the third part, we present a study on the performance of propensity score methods for estimating the effect of treatment in the context of survival data. In the fourth section, we report the results of a study focusing on the best way to take into account the cluster effect in the application of propensity score methods in multicentre data. This work resulted from numerical simulations and two real examples show that the optimal way to take into account a possible cluster effect , when matching on the propensity score , one would estimate the propensity score for the entire cohort and perform matching within each center. Finally, throughout this thesis, different applications work involving propensity score methods were conducted. A summary of this work is given at the end of this manuscript
SARAIVA, SILVA IVAN. "Evaluation des performances au niveau systeme d'une architecture simd appliquee a la comparaison de sequences genetiques". Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066461.
Pełny tekst źródłaBENSAAD, ZOUAOUI. "Contribution a la comparaison des performances des technologies si et gaas pour les circuits logiques". Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066403.
Pełny tekst źródłaBoukerram, Abdallah. "Morphologie mathematique et architectures paralleles en traitement d'images : implantation d'algorithmes, etude et comparaison de performances". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR13106.
Pełny tekst źródłaSerra, Marion. "Comparaison des performances de plusieurs antigènes pour un nouveau sérodiagnostic de l'infection par "Helicobacter pylori"". Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P196.
Pełny tekst źródłaFernandez, Sophie. "Comparaison des performances électriques d’un onduleur triphasé deux niveaux à commandes directes et indirectes connecté au réseau". Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10093.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe standards connections requirements of the decentralized generating sources to the French electricity network impose on conversion system to take into account the quality of the electric magnitudes in the converter output. Their efficiency is also a requirement leading given the powers brought into play. The challenge is to assess and improve the quality / efficiency compromise of these conversion systems by their PWM control strategy. To answer to these requirements, three phase hysteresis strategies (direct control), applied on a two- levels inverter structure have been developed to ensure a similar behavior of the three line currents. Controls on the line currents together with the fictitious polygonal currents were implemented. These two types of control are based on the same rules and simple modulation criteria to be implanted simply on real-time systems and can then be extended to converter structures fully controlled more complex. Most of these controls showed harmonic families in the produced voltage spectrum, reflecting a natural regularity in the produced switching of these direct controls. In this work, the width of the hysteresis band was considered fixed, but this parameter setting could be exploited in order to play also on the performance. Electrical and energy performances of these new direct control was evaluated and some proved better on these two criteria than the bibliographic direct controls
SOLIVERES, JEAN-MICHEL. "Comparaison des performances de quatre methodes de determination de la resistance aux beta-lactamines chez streptococcus pneumoniae". Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1M069.
Pełny tekst źródłaBernard, Erwan. "Comparaison théorique et expérimentale des performances après traitement de l'imagerie active et de l'IR2 dans des conditions dégradées". Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ESAE0027/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThermal imaging cameras are widely used in military contexts for their day and night vision capabilities andtheir observation range; there are based on passive infrared sensors (e.g. MWIR or LWIR range). Under badweather conditions or when the target is partially hidden (e.g. foliage, military camouflage) they will be more andmore complemented by active imaging systems, a key technology to perform target identification at long ranges.The 2D flash imaging technique is based on a high powered pulsed laser source that illuminates the entire sceneand a fast gated camera as the imaging system. Both technologies are well experienced under clear meteorologicalconditions; current models such as TRM4 (themal imaging) and PERFIMA (active imaging) codes are able topredict accurately the systems performances. However, under bad weather conditions such as rain, haze or snow,these models are not relevant. This study introduces new models to complete TRM4 and PERFIMA codesperformances predictions under bad weather conditions for both active and infrared imaging systems. We pointout rain effects on controlled physical parameters (extinction, transmission, spatial resolution, thermalbackground, turbulence). Then we develop physical models to describe their intrinsic characteristics and theirimpact on the imaging system performances. Finally, we approximate these models to have a “first order” modeleasy to deploy into TRM4 and PERFIMA already use for industrial applications. This theoretical work is validatedon real active and infrared data, as systems range
CARA, RIBAS TOZZA AGNES. "Detection auditive de signaux sous-marins dans du bruit et comparaison avec les performances du systeme sonar passif". Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX22071.
Pełny tekst źródłaLe, Hénaff Benjamin. "Comparaisons entre groupes, anonymat, et performances cognitives : expérimentations dans les environnements numériques et en coprésence". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN20020/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this thesis is to study how group identification may lead to better cognitive performance, based on social identity theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1986). This theory states that the social identity of individuals is partly based on comparison of their group with another group. The search for a positive social identity should drive individuals to act on behalf of their own group, putting them in an advantageous position compared to another group. The SIDE Model (Social Identity model of Deindividuation Effects, Reicher, Spears & Postmes, 1995) extends this theory by postulating that anonymity could facilitate the transition from personal to social identity, which is reinforced in the process. Our study was organized along three lines of research. The first two examined how anonymity and intergroup comparison affects performance on computer quizzes and statistics exercises in a web-based learning environment. The third studied the effects of anonymity and intergroup comparison on the generation of creative ideas in the presence of others. Consistent with the SIDE Model, we found that intergroup comparison under anonymity conditions activated group members’ social identity, leading to better performance on cognitive tasks. We also found that individual differences, such as prior knowledge, may moderate the effects of the SIDE model. The practical and theoretical implications of these results are discussed, and future research directions are suggested
YAZBEK, KHALED. "Transistors a effet de champ a heterojonction a grille submicrometrique : modelisation des performances limites et comparaison avec les mesures". Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112206.
Pełny tekst źródłaPATAULT, JOEL. "Comparaison des performances des systemes multiplexes en longueurs d'ondes et de la transmission soliton monocanale dans les fibres optiques". Rennes 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REN10036.
Pełny tekst źródłaBordeau, Camille. "Développement d’un dispositif de substitution sensorielle vision-vers-audition : étude des performances de localisation et comparaison de schémas d’encodage". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. https://nuxeo.u-bourgogne.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/32b91892-b42f-4d42-bf10-0ad744828698.
Pełny tekst źródłaVisual-to-auditory sensory substitution devices convert visual information into soundscapes for the purpose of allowing the perception of the environment with the auditory modality when the visual modality is impaired. They constitute a promising solution for improving the autonomy of visually impaired people when traveling on foot. The main objective of this thesis work was to determine an encoding scheme for sensory substitution allowing 3-dimensional spatial perception by proposing familiarization and evaluation protocols in virtual environments with different complexities. The first aim was to determine whether the reproduction of acoustic cues for auditory spatial perception was more effective than the use of acoustic cues involved in audio-visual interactions. The first study demonstrated that the modulation of pitch in the encoding scheme could partly compensate for the perceptual limits of spatialization for the dimension of elevation. The second study showed that the modification of the sound envelope could partly compensate for the compressed perception of distance. The second objective was to determine to what extent the determined encoding scheme preserved spatial perception abilities in a complex environment where several objects were present. The third study demonstrated that the segregation capabilities of a complex visual scene through the soundscape depend on the specific spectral signature of the objects composing it when pitch modulation is used as an acoustic cue in the encoding scheme. The work of this thesis has practical implications for the improvement of substitution devices concerning, on the one hand, the possibility of compensating spatial perceptual limits with non-spatial acoustic cues in the encoding scheme, and on the other hand, the need to reduce the amount of auditory information to preserve the segregation abilities of the soundscape. The familiarization and evaluation protocols in a virtual environment having been developed to be adapted to the visually impaired population, the work of this thesis highlights the potential of virtual environments to precisely evaluate the abilities to use sensory substitution devices in a secure context
Thouin, Emmanuelle. "L’étude de performances d’une nouvelle technique d’imagerie flash laser : l’imagerie flash laser mosaïque". Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ESAE0017/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaFlash active imaging can be used for surveillance or target identification at long range and Iow visibility conditions. Its principle is based on the illumination of a scene With a pulsed laser which is then backscattered to the sensor. The signal to noise ratio and contrast of the object over the background are increased in comparison With passive imaging. Even though, range and field of view (FOV) are limited for a given laser power. The new active imaging system presented here aims at vercoming this limitation. It acquires the entire scene With a high-speed scanning laser illumination focused on a limited region, whereas at each scan the full frame active image is acquired. The whole image is then reconstructed by mosaicking Il these successive images. A evaluation of the performance of this system is conducted by using a direct physical model of his so-called « mosaic active imaging ». This End to End model, realistic in terms of turbulence effects (scintillation, beam andering.. gives us a sequence of images a synthetic scenes. After describing this model, the reconstruction method will be described. It is based on a total-variation minimization scheme. Finally, the performances of this new concept are ompared to those of a conventional flash active camera by using usual metrics (Johnston's criteria, SNR, ...). For va rious mean laser powers, we quantify the gains expected in terms of range and field of view of this new concept
Roudet, James. "Analyse et comparaison des divers modes de conversion statique CC-CC : modes de commutation et sûreté de fonctionnement, performances CEM". Grenoble INPG, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPG0139.
Pełny tekst źródłaPlace, Anne-Laure de. "Pouvoir motivationnel des sois possibles et régulation des performances : le rôle de l’équilibre et de l’élaboration". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN20002/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this thesis is to study the motivational power of possible selves (PS) and their influence on performance. We will first introduce the concept of PS, suggested by Markus and Nurius (1986), as well as the methods used to measure or manipulate these future-oriented elements of the selfconcept, and existing literature on the variables which may modulate the motivational impact of PS will be presented. Our study is then organized within two programs of research, each one aiming to experimentally investigate an element of PS whose potential influence has not yet received much empirical support. The first four studies seek to highlight the motivational value of balanced PS, the association of a positive and a negative self in the same domain. Despite various attempts to operationalise balanced PS, through the use of an open-ended questionnaire, mental imagery or a daily diary, these studies fail to demonstrate the benefit of this concept and lead to question its very relevance. The last four studies examine the influence of the degree of elaboration of the PS.They aim to separate several confounding variables: the level of detail of a PS, its emotional charge, associated strategies and its level of specificity. Even though some of the results will need to be further explored, an interesting parallel with the research on autobiographical memory is highlighted regarding the effects of specificity. Finally, the limits and applied perspectives of this research are discussed
Déry, Alexandre. "Comparaison à l'échelle réelle des performances d'un filtre conventionnel et d'un filtre au charbon activé en grains précédés d'une inter-ozonation". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29515/29515.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaA water quality monitoring was conducted on two full scale granular filters of the biggest water treatment plant of Québec City. One of the filters contains anthracite and sand layers, while the other contains granular activated carbon (GAC) and sand layers. Both filters, which are preceded by an inter-ozonation step, were operated in the same conditions during the study which happened during the second year of operation of these filters. The qualities of raw water, settled water, ozonated water and filtered water were monitored for 32 weeks, from May to December 2011, two times in a filtration cycle every two weeks. Globally, the GAC filter exhibited better organic matter removal performances but a lower turbidity removal performance than the anthracite filter. This allows a potential reduction in chlorine consumption for the GAC filter but this economy is shadowed by the very high cost of this filter media.
Moersidik, Setyo Sarwanto. "Traitement des eaux usées par lagunage à haut rendement : gestion de l'écosystème et comparaison des performances épuratoires avec un lagunage traditionnel". Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON13504.
Pełny tekst źródłaAziz, Usama. "Détection des défauts des éoliennes basée sur la courbe de puissance : Comparaison critique des performances et proposition d'une approche multi-turbines". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03066125.
Pełny tekst źródłaSince wind turbines are electricity generators, the electrical power produced by a machine is a relevant variable for monitoring and detecting possible faults. In the framework of this thesis, an in-depth literature review was first performed on fault detection methods for wind turbines using the electrical power produced. It showed that, although many methods have been proposed in the literature, it is very difficult to compare their performance in an objective way due to the lack of reference data, allowing to implement and evaluate all these methods on the basis of the same data.To address this problem, as a first step, a new realistic simulation approach has been proposed in this thesis. It allows to create simulated data streams, coupling the power output, wind speed and temperature, in normal conditions and in fault situations, in an infinite way. The defects that can be simulated are those that impact the shape of the power curve. The simulated data are generated from real data recorded on several French wind farms, located on different geographical sites. In a second step, a method for evaluating the performance of fault detection methods using the power produced has been proposed.This new simulation method was implemented on 4 different fault situations affecting the power curve, using data from 5 geographically remote wind farms. A total of 1875 years of 10-minute SCADA data was generated and used to compare the detection performance of 3 fault detection methods proposed in the literature. This allowed a rigorous comparison of their performance.In the second part of this research, the proposed simulation method was extended to a multi-turbine configuration. Indeed, several multi-turbine strategies have been published in the literature, with the objective of reducing the impact of environmental conditions on the performance of fault detection methods using temperature as a variable. In order to evaluate the performance gain that a multi-turbine strategy could bring, a hybrid mono-multi-turbine implementation of fault detection methods based on the power curve was first proposed. Then, the simulation framework proposed to evaluate mono-turbine methods was extended to multi-turbine approaches and a numerical experimental analysis of the performance of this hybrid mono-multi-turbine implementation was performed
Gasquet, Valentine. "Epuration d’H2S du biogaz à partir de résidus de traitement thermique bruts et formulés : Comparaison des performances et compréhension des mécanismes d’adsorption". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI106.
Pełny tekst źródłaBiogas is a renewable, local, non-intermittent energy which can be used in different ways. Before its valorization, it is necessary to clean this gas, notably to remove hydrogen sulfide (H2S). This component can be removed by adsorption on noble materials such as activated carbon (AC). In order to reduce the waste disposal and participate to circular economy while reducing the cleaning costs, the use of thermal treatment residues (TTR), close to traditional adsorbents, receives more and more attention to remove H2S from biogas. First, an analytical method was developed in order to quantify the amount of sulfur present in different materials with TGA-DSC under air and nitrogen atmosphere. The amount of organic matter in the material and its porosity affect elemental sulfur oxidation when experiments were carried out with air and also its vaporization. Organic matter vulcanization was also observed, leading to the formation of longer and more complex carbon chains. During this thesis, three types of TTR were used for the removal of H2S from a landfill biogas: biomass ash (BA), biochar (BCH) and incinerated sewage sludge (ISS). It was found that two of them are not sufficiently efficient as themselves for H2S removal. Final adsorption capacities of BCH and ISS were quite low and these materials never adsorbed the total amount of H2S entering in the reactor. On the contrary, BA was a good adsorbent with a final adsorption capacity of 175 mgH2S/gDM. The materials characterization let us understand the adsorption mechanisms leading to H2S removal. For all the materials, at the beginning of the experiment, the conditions are favorable to H2S chimisorption into elemental sulfur. However, while BA and ISS have a buffering capacity leading to the basicity of the solid, BCH begin acid. Then, non-selective physisorption takes place with this TRR. ISS adsorption was limited by its too low porosity and BCH by the absence of catalyst minerals and its too low density. Comparison of removal performances of TTR also highlights the influence of humidity on adsorption efficiency for ISS as well as the effect of gas flow on experimental adsorption test. With the adsorption efficiency comparison between the different TTR, it seems interesting to associate materials with different characteristics in order to try to obtain more efficient adsorbents and consequently find a valorization way for all the TTR. Adsorption experiments with a synthetic biogas were first performed in order to assess the potential of various formulations. A strong synergy was observed with the formulation with ISS and 10-30 % of AC. The encouraging results obtained with the synthetic biogas were confirmed with an experiment using a landfill biogas and a larger reactor. ISS itself was indeed a bad adsorbent but the addition of AC provides enough porosity to efficiently adsorb H2S
Azgui, Samira. "Comparaison des performances catalytiques entre un réacteur à lit fixe et un réacteur à lit fluidisé : application à la réduction des oxydes d'azote". Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMP1036.
Pełny tekst źródłaSaab, Elias. "Comparaison des performances catalytiques des systèmes oxydes de Ce, Al et Mn dans l'oxydation totale des particules carbonées et le vaporeformage du méthanol". Littoral, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DUNK0180.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe carbonaceous particles are one of the sources of the air pollution. Their collection is done by particulate filters followed by their elimination by catalytic or thermal ways. Another possibility for the reduction of the air pollution will be to change towards sources of clean energy to replace fossil energies. To this end, catalysts containing cerium, aluminum and manganese were studied in the combustion of the carbon black like in the reaction of steam reforming of methanol in order to produce hydrogen for fuel cells. Concerning the combustion of the carbon black, two types of contacts between the carbon particles and the catalyst were studied. The weak contact and the strong contact. The carbon black is characterized by the presence of intrinsic paramagnetic centres which are sensitive to oxygen in air. The formation of new species ascribable to localised paramagnetic spins with the interface of catalyst-NC, is highlighted following the strong contact between the two solids. Under these conditions, the ceria and contrary to alumina, is powerful in the reaction of combustion of the carbon black. Catalysts xMn/Ce and xMn/Al (x can change from 10-4 to 1) were prepared and activated at 600°C. The manganese addition improves the catalytic reactivity of these solids in the combustion of carbon black. The increase in the manganese content returns the oxidation of the possible carbon black at temperatures close to those obtained in a muffler. The catalysts present primarily the Mn2O3 phase at their surface with more marked presence of Mn(II) species in the case of alumina compared to the ceria. The setting in contact of the carbon black with the manganese deposited on the ceria causes the reduction of the manganese species and contributes to the reactivity of these solids. The low reactivity of the Mn/Al catalysts was explained by the strong stability of the manganese species being on alumina. All these catalysts are completely selective for the formation of CO2. The catalytic performances of these solids used in the reaction of steam reforming of methanol for the production of the hydrogen gas, remain below those obtained for transition metal oxide bases catalysts (Cr, Co, Ni, Mo,. . . ) considered as the current state of art in this field. Nevertheless, catalysts containing copper impregnated on a binary system ceria-alumina, show themselves very powerful and promising for the production of H2 supplying the fuel cells
BROCH, JEAN-FRANCOIS. "Conception d'amplificateurs de puissance large bande uhf a base de mesfet en carbure de silicium. Comparaison des performances avec la technologie si - ldmos". Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA112389.
Pełny tekst źródłaMuhindo, Gyenano Rugishi. "Modélisation des fluctuations macroéconomiques et comparaison des performances de modèles dynamiques d'équilibre général estimés : une approche par l'estimation bayésienne et les modèles à facteurs". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24801/24801.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaRugishi, Muhindo G. "Modélisation des fluctuations macroéconomiques et comparaison des performances de modèles dynamiques d'équilibre général estimés : une approche par l'estimation bayésienne et les modèles à facteurs". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19318.
Pełny tekst źródłaDapoigny, Richard. "Etude d'un algorithme de filtrage récursif appliqué à l'homogénéisation d'images : implantation sur différentes structures parallèles et comparaison des performances : proposition d'une structure temps réel". Grenoble INPG, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPG0017.
Pełny tekst źródłaMostafa, Tarek. "L'Anatomie des Inégalités dans les Performances Scolaires : Une Analyse Internationale de la Stratification". Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00405687.
Pełny tekst źródłaDelaval, Marine. "Améliorer la réussite en statistiques des étudiants en psychologie : influence du feedback de comparaison sociale ou temporelle délivré dans un environnement numérique". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN20035/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this thesis is to find ways of improving psychology students’ statistics performance, by examining the influence of social or temporal comparison feedback delivered in a web-based training environment. This aim is based on three observations. Firstly, immediate feedback has been shown as a central characteristic of web-based learning environments for statistics, but studies rarely interrogate which kind of feedback is delivered. Secondly, studies generally focus on taskoriented feedback rather than on psychosocial processes such as social and temporalcomparison. Thirdly, these two comparisons have rarely been examined at the same time, a fortiori in web-based training environments. The research program is divided in two sets of studies. The first three studies examine theinfluence of social or temporal comparison feedback on statistics performance. In the last two studies, interventions in class were implemented to encourage students to use the web-based training environments. Overall, results do not show a robust effect of comparison feedbacks but confirm the crucial influence of procrastination and initial knowledge on students’ performance. The implications are discussed considering thenaturalistic nature of this research
Charih, Fouad. "Comparaisons théorique et expérimentale de machines à aimants permanents pour la traction de véhicules électriques". Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA2023/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe thesis is part of the TRAX project. It deals with development of electric motors used for traction of small urban electric vehicles. The key characteristics of an electric machine for traction application are the torque, efficiency, reliability, size and flux-weakening. The permanents magnets electric machines meet these requirements. That’s why this thesis takes interest in the performances of permanents magnets machines by proposing a comparative study. A study of patents for electrical machines in automotive applications is realized. A description of the latest advances in electrical motors, mainly in permanent magnet structures, is provided. We started to model a first machine with a simplified analytical method based on the resolution of Maxwell's equations in 2D. This method is compared with a numerical method. Three new machines are defined from the first one by changing the configuration of the rotor. The comparison of four structures with permanent magnets is realized by numerical models. No load and load performances, as well as the calculation of inductances in the direct and quadrature axis, are evaluated. The theoretical results are compared with experimental tests
Abe, Caio Felippe. "Comparative study on the performance of photovoltaic modules and their sensitivity to external parameters based on an experimental analysis". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Corte, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024CORT0002.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this thesis, four photovoltaic (PV) technologies were experimentally compared, aiming to quantify the impact of the external parameters on PV performance. Two of the technologies studied are quite common in the market: polycrystalline (p-Si) and monocrystalline (m-Si). The third technology, bifacial, allows the conversion of the solar radiation reaching the back face of the modules, providing a yield gain. Modules with multi-junction cells under concentration (HCPV) were also included in the analysis. They use a larger solar spectrum range and lenses to concentrate the beam radiation thanks to a 2-axis tracker constantly following the Sun. The PV modules were tested and had their ratings experimentally determined using modeling approaches developed in this thesis. All modules were assembled on the PV tracker to provide the same operating conditions, and the measurement campaign was carried out for 12 months. The experimental records, at one-minute timestep, were checked for synchronicity, interpolated, and aggregated. Several filtering approaches were discussed and applied to provide an adequate balance between noise removal and data retention. The PV arrays were then studied concerning their particularities, starting with the identification of the most influencing operating parameters, in order of relevance, and their impact on the output power. Then, the effect of the operating temperature was assessed, and the actual temperature coefficients for the DC power were determined. Finally, a sensitivity analysis targeting the DC power relative to the operating parameters was performed based on filters and mathematical models developed for each PV array. Special attention was given to the bifacial array since this technology is very promising due to its interesting cost-benefit relation; novel methods to determine the effective irradiance and the bifacial gain were also developed. Two different methods were applied to characterize the PV modules. It was found that their actual performance is not as good as reported on the datasheets. The m-Si array was the least sensitive to the operating temperature, followed by the p-Si and bifacial modules. In turn, the HCPV devices were the most impaired by the temperature, air mass, and humidity. The wind speed influence was small for the HCPV modules; the arrays most benefited by the wind were the p-Si and m-Si. The bifacial array presented the greatest final yield (with a bifacial gain of 6.2 %), followed by m-Si and p-Si. In turn, the HCPV array presented the poorest yield, mainly due to their responsiveness only to the beam irradiance and the high temperature coefficient for the DC power
Morville, Stéphane. "Analyse d'HAPs, Phénols et nitrophénols dans l'atmosphère : Evaluation de la contamination des deux phases atmosphériques (gaz et particules). Comparaison entre zones urbaines, péri-urbaine et rurale". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR13225.
Pełny tekst źródłaDeslandes, Guillaume Dailly Eric. "Comparaison de méthodes de dosage des médicaments immunosuppresseurs (ciclosporine, tacrolimus, sirolimus et évérolimus) sur sang total chromatographie liquide haute performance couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en tandem versus immunodosage /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=46861.
Pełny tekst źródłaSTRICKER, ANNE-EMMANUELLE. "Application de la modelisation a l'etude du traitement de l'azote par boues activees en aeration prolongee : comparaison des performances en temps sec et en temps de pluie". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR13163.
Pełny tekst źródłaHuet, Freddy. "Partenariat public-privé et performances. Théories et applications au secteur de l'approvisionnement d'eau potable en France". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00148810.
Pełny tekst źródłaL'analyse de cette contradiction se situe au coeur de cette thèse. Prenant appui sur plusieurs tests économétriques menés à partir de données recueillies sur le secteur de l'eau en France, ce travail montre que les réserves émises par la théorie économique sont en partie justifiées. Cependant, il est également mis en évidence certaines solutions pour améliorer les performances des PPP. Par exemple, la concurrence entre modes organisationnels se présente comme une alternative crédible au manque de concurrence entre opérateurs dans le secteur de l'eau. D'autres types d'inefficacités couramment attribuées aux PPP trouvent des solutions pratiques.
Ainsi, le risque de sous-investissement de l'opérateur en fin de contrat, mis en évidence par des tests économétriques, peut être surmonté de diverses manières, l'une d'elle consistant pour l'autorité publique à prendre à sa charge les investissements spécifiques de fin de contrat.
Enfin, ce travail montre à l'aide d'un modèle théorique, que la collusion entre les candidats lors de l'attribution du contrat de PPP peut, dans certains cas, être déstabilisée en combinant la mise aux enchères du service avec, ex-post, une politique de concurrence par comparaison.
MERROUCHE, SMAIN. "Ejecteur tubulaire gaz-liquide : comparaison des methodes chimique et physique pour la determination des surfaces d'echange. etude de l'influence des parametres geometriques, operatoires et physico-chimiques sur les performances". Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066235.
Pełny tekst źródłaGarnier, Robin. "Systèmes alternatifs de gestion des eaux pluviales : Contribution à l’analyse de performances conjointes en matière d’hydrologie quantitative et de piégeage de micropolluants. Comparaison systèmes à la source – système centralisé". Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI002.
Pełny tekst źródłaStormwater management is a major issue for municipalities, be it regarding the increasing of runoff water because of the developpment of impervious urban areas (flooding risks), as well as the pollutant contamination limitation and removal in accord with the European Water Framework Directive (Directive 2000/60/EC) requirements. .. Since a few decades, municipalities implements and encourage the use of stormwater control measures (SCM) to regulate waterflows by infiltration either on large scale (via separative sewers and detention/infiltration basins) or on smaller plots directly at the source of runoff (source control systems such as swales, trenches, porous pavement…). A furnished litterature exists regarding stormwater quality on usual pollutants (TSS, COD, nutrients…), metals and PAHs. These last two are recognized as caracteristic of stormwater pollution and many studies highlighted their removal by differents types of SCMs. However, few or no studies focuses on a wider range of ;icropollutants such as pesticides, alkylphenols of brominated flame retardants. This study aim to contribute to the research field through the qualitative caracterization in situ of stormwater from two different type of SCMs (centralized and source control) on 59 micropollutant. Four different sites were chosen in oder to conduct the sampling at the outlet of i) a centralized detention basin (semi urban area, stormwater sewers), and three source control systems managing parking lots: ii) a porous pavement with reservoir structure, iii) an infiltration trench and iv) and vegetalized infiltration swale. Analysis were conducted on 59 micropollutants from five differents families (metals, PAHs, pesticides, alkylphenols and PBDEs) for about a dozen of rain events. Flows for more than 100 rain events were studied via metrology and sampling installations specially developed to measure the wide range of flows at the outlet of the source control systems.The study shows that metals and PAHs are the most particulate and the most quantified micropollutants in stormwater. They are also the ones that are treated the best, particularly by the source control systems which infiltration appears more efficient than the settling from the detention basin. Other micropollutant families show a more random speciation and are more likely to be removed by the trench and the swale than by the other systems. Globally, source control systems appear more efficient regarding micropollutant removal than the centralized basin thanks to their filtration, but the swale and the trench still stand out because of their great water retention increasing drastically their efficiency regarding total loads of micropollutants evacuated in receiving bodies
FRADON, BEATRICE. "Modelisation numerique de l'etat de la mer : comparaison des performances et des limites d'un modele de deuxieme generation et d'un modele de troisieme generation dans le cadre de l'experience semaphore". Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA077213.
Pełny tekst źródłaHuguet, Pascal. "Catégorisations, insertions sociales et performances cognitives : approche expérimentale". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CLF20035.
Pełny tekst źródłaA review of the main dealing with "social facilitation" (zajonc 1965) and "social loafing" (latane, williams & harkins, 1979) reveal that explanatory systems supposed to give one an account of the influence of others' presence on individual performances are based on an "extrinsic conception" of the relationships existing between social dimension and human function. This conception, which attributes to the social dimension an, therefore, to the others' presence, the status of an external source of variation, is examined, this has to be referred to recent studies (monteil, 1988,1991) which attest that previous social insertions, and, son individual social histoiry, play an important part in the cognitive management of current social conditions of learning. Theses studies, which allow us to envision a participation of the social dimension to the elaboration of cognitive machanisms and processes, also invite us to explore what could be the effects of experimental mobilization of categorizations and social merberships on individual cognitive performances. The findings of our 4 studies confirmed our expectations. They lead one to take into account the subject's categorizations and memberships as well as their condition of activation or mobilization in order to show the influence exerted by others over individual performances. As prevously displayed by montell, our results resist to expanatory systems used in the framework of facilitation and social loefing. Finally, these results permit us to consider individual cognitive productions as being partly ruled by activation or mobilization, in specific social insertions, of values or norms internalized by the subject during his history. Thus, this work emphasizes the legitimacy of a socio-cognitive orientation aiming at articulating social dynamics and cognitive dynamics
Max, Sylvain. "Les effets des réputations d'infériorité intellectuelle sur les performances académiques : une menace de l'identité". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00473478.
Pełny tekst źródłaHan, Liuyang. "Croissance et caractérisations complètes de structures ferroics artificielles à base de matériaux ferroélectrique et anti ferroélectrique : comparaison des performances en termes de coefficient de couplage magnétoélectrique et de l'accordabilité de la perméabilité". Thesis, Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UPHF0006.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe magnetoelectric (ME) coupling effect, a coexistence of electrical polarization and magnetization in multiferroic materials, has been widely investigated, both from a fundamental science perspective and an application point of view. Many researchers have devoted their efforts to realize electric field (E) control of magnetism, instead of a magnetic field (H), i.e., converse magnetoelectric (CME) coupling effect. The CME effect can be realized in ferromagnetic (FM)/ferroelectric (FE) composites with an elastic strain mediation, which enables the development of novel multiferroic devices such as information storage, microwave tuning, and multi-function electronic devices. FE materials have been intensively used in multiferroic composites to obtain a significant CME coupling effect. The FM/FE composites have achieved significant advancements because of the considerable E-induced strain in FE phases. The antiferroelectric (AFE) materials also undergo large deformation under the application of E, and large E-induced strain is generated. However, very few works have reported the CME coupling effect in AFE-based multiferroic composites. In our work, a series of ME heterostructures were investigated for the fundamental understanding of AFE-based multiferroic heterostructures and the differences in the performances of AFE- and FE-based multiferroic heterostructures. The AFE ceramic and FE ceramic, (Pb, La)(Zr, Sn, Ti)O₃ (PLZST) and Pb(Mg, Nb)O₃-Pb(Zr, Ti)O₃ (PMN-PZT), were prepared as substrates to deposit FM films. Then the NiMnGa (NMG) alloys, the ferrite Y₃Fe₅O₁₂ (YIG) film, and uniaxial [(TbCo₂)/(FeCo)]₂₀ (TCFC) films were used to couple with AFE and FE materials. The work first included a study of the strain-mediated CME coupling manipulation in NMG/PLZST/NMG heterostructure. The NMG/AFE heterostructures have been reported several times, but the E control of magnetization has never been reached. Here, the CME coupling effect in AFE-based heterostructure has been first revealed. The magnetization of NMG film changes rapidly at the switching fields of PLZST. At 0 Oe, the magnetization change of NMG film reaches the maximum (15%). Secondly, the ferrite YIG films deposited on PLZST and PMN-PZT ceramic substrates were studied. The CME coupling effect in YIG/PLZST and YIG/PMN-PZT was carried out, and the differences of CME performance in AFE- and FE-based ME heterostructure were revealed. The considerable E-induced strain in AFE substrate leads to maximum in-plane CME coefficient (αCME =11.6 × 10⁻⁸ s/m) at 0 Oe and a maximum of in-plane relative magnetic susceptibility change (∆χ/χ0 =33%) with a low magnetic field of 10 Oe in YIG/Pt/PLZST/Pt heterostructure. The maximum of in-plane αCME (18.15 × 10⁻⁸ s/m) is observed when H = 25 Oe. The part of work demonstrated the electric-field induced strain plays a crucial role in the CME coupling effect. The different strain evolutions of substrates favors the difference in the CME coupling effect of YIG/AFE and YIG/FE. Thirdly, we investigated the CME coupling effect of uniaxial TCFC films on PLZST and PMN-PZT substrates along different axes. A significant manipulation by E can be realized along the hard axis of TCFC film, and a reverse transition of M-E curves occurs. In TCFC/PLZST, the maximum of αCME is at 500 Oe with a value of 12.7×10⁻⁸ s/m. In TCFC/PMN-PZT, the maximum of αCME reaches 136.6 ×10⁻⁸ s/m with a bias H = 300 Oe. Along the easy axis and out-of-plane direction, the CME coupling effect has also been discussed. Finally, the YIG/AFE and YIG/FE heterostructures have been prepared in the full thin-film form to explore the CME coupling effect. The results indicate that a FM phase with a strong magnetic response along OOP direction is needed for Magnetic Force Measurement (MFM) to evaluate the ME performance of these structures
Rouatbi, Amina. "Entrepreneuriat féminin et performance : essai de comparaison France - Tunisie". Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIME001.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe role of entrepreneurship has been highlighted as leverage for many economies (see Schumpeter). In this sense, according to the OECD (2016) "Entrepreneurship is an important source of job creation and innovation". In addition, "entrepreneurship is seen as a key driver of economic recovery and employment growth" (OECD, 2012)However, the "economic" aspect of entrepreneurship seems to be less obvious for the case of women entrepreneurs. In 2013, self-employed women earned between 13% and 60% less than men in the OECD area (OECD, 2016). This finding concerning the gap in economic performance and the characteristics of firms created and managed by women entrepreners is consistent with academic research results. Reserchers concluded that women entrepreneurs create smaller and with lower-growth rate firms.In this thesis we opt for a research focused exclusively on women. Thus we emphasize the notion of corporate performance as seen and defined by those women entrepreneurs.The purpose of this research is to highlight a definition of performance given by women entrepreneurs. We aim to contribute to the literature by bringing new knowledge on performance and on women entrepreneurs. Indeed, the phenomenon called "underperformance" is questioned, and the performance of small firms is seen from another angle. Then, on a practical level, politics need to understand certain phenomena and behaviors. That would help them to put in place the necessary devices to better guide women enrepreneurs and especially to encourage them
Bonnel, Florent. "Bien-être psychologique au travail et performance des équipes : une équipe heureuse est-elle performante ?" Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20077/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn psychology, the concept of « well-being », a positive component of health (Keyes, 2003), has a long history of scientific investigation, positioning this concept at the crossroads of various issues: distinction between hedonist (Diener, 1999) and eudemonic (Ryff, 2014) conceptions, the presence of a specific psychological wellbeing at work (Dagenais-Desmarais, 2012), questionnaire assessment of individual and collective dimensions (Heutte, 2010), connection with team performance (Rousseau, Aubé & Savoie, 2006), multilevel approaches to health prevention at work (Martin 2015). We postulate that a questionnaire measuring simultaneously both one’s own personal well-being and that of one’s team, provides at the same time a reliable appreciation of these two dimensions and a reliable measurement of team effectiveness/performance. This can be achieved through a “double entry” questionnaire based on the « referent shift » method (Chan 1998). By clarifying the translation of psychological wellbeing at work from the individual to the group level, our research (embedded in CIFRE conventions) participates in preventing and accompanying health issues, through its original focus on working teams.Five studies involving 1101 active workers in corporate and French institution have shown that a process of social comparison does contribute to individual answers, with no impact on the psychometric quality of the of the measurement scales. This relationship individual/group, which juxtaposes affiliative vs differentiative needs (Codol, 1973, 1975a, 1975b, 1984; Brewer, 1991, 2007, 2012), helps operate a distancing between regards to one’s self and one’s team in the answers to the double entry questionnaire. These findings open the way to new analysis, based on forecasting team functioning. Moreover, this dissertation offers a new research perspectives into the multi-level measurement of health at work, and calls for complementary investigations on cognitive processes specific to the selected « matrix » method
Troudart, Jessy. "Analyse et comparaison des stratégies d’internationalisation des banques". Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40046/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaAre European banks’ cross-border strategies effective? This thesis analyzes the relationship between European banks’internationalization strategies and their performance. We investigate whether there are internationalization strategies that explain differences between European banks’ profits. We focus on three types of implementation strategies: at first, the installation of subsidiaries, then, alliances or partnerships with foreign companies and last but not least, cross-border mergers and acquisitions. Among foreign subsidiaries we distinguish those which carry the the group’s brand from those which carry a different name. This distinction allows us to analyze the results a bank can expect by keeping its company name while expanding overseas. Our results show that there are strategies that explain differences in profitability between institutions. Indeed, it appears that internationalization through subsidiaries with a brand perspective has a negative impact on performance. In addition, we also note that the implementation of cross-border partnerships in more than ten different sectors is not beneficial for the bank
Boissin, Romain. "La couverture des introductions en bourse par les analystes financiers : une comparaison internationale". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10011/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis explores the role of financial analysts' coverage on IPOs in an international context. We deal with the informational value of research coverage and the consequence on long run performance of newly public firms. We examine whether financial analyst recommendations allow alleviating the irrational investors' behaviour in the context of strong uncertainty. We expect that by reducing the information asymmetry, financial analyst recommendations help investors to define progressively the true value of the IPO. The thesis is organized in two main parts: the first part presents a survey of literature and define research hypothesis. The second part consists in an empirical validation of an international sample of IPOs (US, United Kingdom, Germany and France) over the 1991-2005 period. The results reveal that long run underperformance is much severe for orphans' IPOs (without financial recommendation) than non orphans' IPOs. The evidence suggests that analyst coverage is indeed important to issuing firm but the market do not fully incorporate the perceived value of this coverage. Further analysis reveals that this outperformance by non orphan stems from high coverage. We establish that analyst recommendations are significantly related to long run performance of IPOs. Hence, we corroborate the crucial role of financial analysts in producing and interpreting IPOs' financial releases
Dantas, de freitas Guilherme. "Développement d'une méthodologie de comparaison des stratégies de protection pour les reseaux DC". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT118.
Pełny tekst źródłaOne of the remaining challenges towards the safe and reliable operation of Multi terminal high voltage Direct Current (MTDC) grids is their protection. Several proposals on how to perform the fault clearing and grid restoration in a MTDC grid have been made in the last decades. The proposals found in literature are diverse, they cover a wide range of possible options for protection philosophy, components required and other aspects that can greatly impact performance and cost of the protection. Given the numerous possibilities to protect an MTDC grid, a methodology to evaluate and compare the best options is of utmost importance. The main objective of this thesis is to propose a comparison methodology that helps in the decision of the best protection strategy for a MTDC grid. The proposed methodology relies on two criteria to compare de strategies: performance and risk. Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are defined to measure the performance of the protection strategy. The risk calculated for a protection strategy is found using all failure modes identified for the strategy. The Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) is used in the risk assessment of the strategies. Once the performance and risk of strategies are available, their score is calculated. The score is a metric proposed in this thesis to rank the strategies. Three different protection strategies, implemented in a hybrid AC/DC grid have been chosen to illustrate the comparison methodology
Ros, Raymond. "Optimisation Continue Boîte Noire : Comparaison et Conception d'Algorithmes". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00595922.
Pełny tekst źródłaLefebvre, Dominique. "Réalisation d'une barrette de photoconducteurs sur arséniure de gallium : utilisation en spectrométrie optique et comparaison avec les détecteurs commerciaux". Valenciennes, 1989. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/76c0b3d8-afdc-464b-893c-543eb8d14874.
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