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Lancaster, Neil Patrick James. "Common sense leadership". Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2011. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19939/.
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The purpose of this thesis is to explore in what way might the concept of common sense inform leadership action? The thesis takes as a starting point typical dictionary definitions of common sense and moves on to critically review related literature from, Delaney (2001), Gerber (2001), Lissack & Roos (2000), Rausch (2009), Zhao (2009) and gains an appreciation of the different aspects of common sense to understand how the implicit nature of common sense influences leadership actions within the context of a large family owned business. A description of Common Sense as something 'positive and desirable' (Fulton, 2006) whilst at that same time something taken for granted which offers the prospect of development according to Rausch (2009) and the possibility of an advanced form of Common Sense (Delaney, 2001) or Critical Common Sense (Watson, 2006) is also considered. The common sense literature is reviewed against the past theories of leadership and using Bryman's (2006) leadership framework the interconnecting elements of both strands of literature are pulled together to form a model of common sense leadership incorporating: trait, style, contingency, and new leadership. The model of common sense leadership integrates common sense with people management, the character and competence of the leader and the new leadership aspects of transformation, vision, and charisma. The research is undertaken predominantly using semi structured interviews and building on an 'interpretative and subjective' general analytical inductive methodology, it contributes to both theory and management practice by making more explicit an aspect of leadership often overlooked - a common sense approach.
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Nuti, Milena. "Ethnoscience : examining common sense". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1383224/.
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In this thesis I trace ideas about naturalistic inquiry into commonsense understanding through Chomsky's work. I argue that the resulting picture significantly illuminates both the nature of `common sense' and existing interdisciplinary debates surrounding it. Specifically, I claim that progress in investigating the nature of humans' commonsense understanding of psychology (folk psychology) has been hampered by the same kind of methodological dualism which for so long haunted scientific accounts of language. Following Chomsky, I discuss in general how a rationalist inquiry into cognitive domains other than language could proceed by positing `learning theories' for organisms in given domains, LT (0, D), and attempting to characterize their interaction with experience and the resulting knowledge structures. I further consider how the Language Faculty and a Science Forming Faculty might contribute to our introspective awareness of the understanding of the world delivered to us by core commonsense principles. In particular, taking into account methodological insights gained from the study of language, I put forward a view of a Psychology Faculty and I adapt some ideas from Grice (1975) as a first step towards a positive proposal. Evidence from current developmental and ethological research is presented in support of my position. I thus draw out substantial similarities both between the study of language and the study of commonsense psychology, and between the objects of study in each case. By defusing possible philosophical objections to the comparison, I articulate a detailed defence of my claims.
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Amilon, Mattias. "Chatbot with common-sense database". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-166745.
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In 1950 Alan Turing introduced the famous “Turing test” which tests if a machine can be as intelligent as a human by testing if it can communicate with a person in a “human” way. Inspired by this test, numerous so called chatbots, in the form of computer programs, that manage a written dialogue have been created. A so called commonsensedatabase consists of data that most humans would know andconsider as common knowledge, something that computers generally do not know very muchabout. This report describes the process of an attempt to implement a simple chatbot using the common-sense database ConceptNet. The behaviour, or the human-likeness, of this chatbot was then compared to that of the classic chatbot ELIZA and the 2008 Loebner prize winning chatbot Elbot, through a series of user tests. The results indicate that using a common-sense database for a chatbot shows some promisefor further investigation.
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Gregoric, Pavel. "Aristotle on the common sense". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273207.
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Woywood, Brett G. "Xeriscaping: A Common Sense Solution". University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/554323.
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Carranza, Maxera Maria. "Making sense of common sense : female sterilisation in Costa Rica". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619857.
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Rode, Benjamin Paul. "Making sense of common sense : learning, fallibilism, and automated reasoning /". Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3004366.
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Comim, Flavio Vasconcellos. "Common sense economics : essays on the role of common sense in the history of economic thought". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624180.
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Blechman, Max. "Rousseau : the politics of common sense". Thesis, Kingston University, 2013. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/28230/.
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In his First Discourse, Rousseau begins a radical critique of modern civilization in the name of a "revolution to bring human beings back to common sense." This dissertation proposes to use Rousseau's notion of common sense heuristically, to outline its main philosophical premises and its organization of moral and political critique. The common sense Rousseau defines as the well-ruled usage of the senses that instructs us about the nature of things is read as the natural law of judgment whose historical contradiction grounds human morality (in the reinstatement of common sense by conscience) and politics (in a people's self-appropriation of the general will at the foundation of society). In the literature on Rousseau there are few attempts to argue both a) that Rousseau's philosophy constitutes a coherent system and b) that the unity of this system is structured by a fundamental concept. By contrast to those who bring the system to light via a postulate-say, the doctrine of "the natural goodness of man" - I think the unity of the system through the major modalities of the power that establishes it. The occluded power of judgment named common sense organizes the architectonic structure of Rousseau's system, and its practical clarification is the real bridge of nature and society. Rousseau's key innovation in the fields of morality and politics is, I argue, here: in his original determination of the imperative relation between natural and human history, and in the new definition of man as "political animal" that results from it.
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Albersmeyer-Bingen, Helga. "Common sense : ein Beitrag zur Wissensoziologie /". Berlin : [BRD] : Duncker und Humblot, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34931942r.
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Németh, Bongers Diane Ella. "Le bon sens dans l’organisation". Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100070/document.
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Si le bon sens est fréquemment invoqué au cœur des préoccupations organisationnelles, il n’existe pas de théorie du bon sens en sciences de gestion. Nous avons, grâce aux travaux de Bourdieu (1980), exploré le bon sens comme un concept dyadique, comprenant deux dimensions, le sens commun et le sens pratique. Diverses perspectives dépendant de l’importance relative qui est accordée à chacune de ses deux dimensions, montrent que le bon sens est multiple. Il est une dynamique qui articule ensemble le sens commun, attaché au jugement, et le sens pratique, attaché à la réflexivité. Afin de comprendre les mécanismes fondamentaux du bon sens dans l’organisation, nous avons conduit une étude en trois phases, inductive, longitudinale, d’un cas paradigmatique.La dynamique du bon sens dans l’organisation résulte de la combinaison et de l’interaction entre la constitution du jugement et la culture de la réflexivité. Nos travaux montrent que le bon sens repose sur une l’alternance entre différents états, ouvert, fermé, en cours d’ouverture et en cours de fermeture, favorisant ainsi une « respiration » entre la constitution d’un jugement avec une culture de la réflexivité. Le bon sens peut être pleinement un outil de gestion, à condition d’être prévu et reconnu, pour une vie organisationnelle qui n’est jamais totalement accomplieWhile common sense is frequently cited as a core organizational concern, there is no common-sense theory in management science. Thanks to the work of Bourdieu (1980), we have explored common sense as a dyadic concept, comprising two dimensions, common sense and practical sense. Various perspectives depending on the relative importance given to each of its two dimensions show that common sense is multiple. It is a dynamic which articulates together common sense, attached to judgment, and practical sense, attached to reflexivity.To understand the fundamental mechanisms of common sense in organization, we conducted a three-phase, inductive, longitudinal study of a paradigmatic case.The dynamics of common sense in organization results from the combination and interaction between the constitution of judgment and the culture of reflexivity. Our work shows that common sense is based on an alternation between different states, open, closed, opening and closing, thus promoting a "breathing" between the constitution of a judgment and a culture of reflexivity. Common sense can be fully a management tool, provided it is planned and recognized, for an organizational life that is never fully accomplished
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Herdagdelen, Amac. "Collecting Common Sense from text and People". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368276.
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In order to display human-like intelligence, advanced computational systems should have access to the vast network of generic facts about the world that humans possess and that is known as commonsense knowledge (books have pages, grocery has a price, ...). Developers of AI applications have long been aware of this, and, for decades, they have invested in the laborious and expensive manual creation of commonsense knowledge repositories. An automated, high-throughput and low-noise method for commonsense collection still remains as the holy grail of AI.
Two relatively recent developments in computer science and computational linguistics that may provide an answer to the commonsense collection problem are text mining from large amounts of data, something that has become possible with the massive availability of text on the Web, and human computation, which is a workaround technique implemented by outsourcing the 'hard' sub-steps of a problem to people. Text mining has been very successful in extracting huge amounts of commonsense knowledge from data, but the extracted knowledge tends to be extremely noisy. Human computation is also a challenging problem because people can provide unreliable data and may lack motivation to solve problems on behalf of researchers and engineers. A clever, and recently popularized, technique to motivate people to contribute to such projects it to pose the problems as entertaining games and let people solve those problems while they play a game. This technique, commonly known as games-with-a-purpose approach, has proved a very powerful way of recruiting laypeople on the Web.
The focus of this thesis is to study methods to collect common sense from people via human computation and from text via text mining, and explore the opportunities in bringing these two types of methods together. The first contribution of my study is the introduction of a novel text miner trained on a set of known commonsense facts. The text miner is called BagPack and it is based on a vector-space representation of concept pairs, that also captures the relation between the pairs. BagPack harvests a large number of facts from Web-based corpora and these facts constitute a -- possibly noisy -- set of candidate facts.
The second contribution of the thesis is Concept Game, a game with a purpose which is a simple slot-machine game that presents the candidate facts -- that are mined by BagPack -- to the players. Players are asked to recognize the meaningful facts and discard the meaningless facts in order to score points. Thus, as a result, laypeople verify the candidate set and we obtain a refined, high-quality dataset of commonsense facts.
The evaluation of both systems suggests that text mining and human computation can work very efficiently in tandem. BagPack acts as an almost-endless source of candidate facts which are likely to be true, and Concept Game taps laypeople to verify these candidates. Using Web-based text as a source of commonsense knowledge has several advantages with respect to a purely human-computation system which relies on people as the source of information. Most importantly, we can tap domains that people do not talk about when they are directly asked. Also, relying on people just as a source of verification makes it possible to design fast-paced games with a low cognitive burden.
The third issue that I addressed in this thesis is the subjective and stereotypical knowledge which constitutes an important part of our commonsense repository. Regardless of whether one would like to keep such knowledge in an AI system, being able to identify the subjectivity and detect the stereotypical knowledge is an important problem. As a case study, I focused on stereotypical gender expectations about actions. For this purpose, I created a gold standard of actions (e.g., pay bill, become nurse) rated by human judges on whether they are masculine or feminine actions. After that, I extracted, combined, and evaluated two different types of data to predict the gold standard. The first type of data depends on the metadata provided by social media (in particular, the genders of users in a microblogging site like Twitter) and the second one depends on Web-corpus-based pronoun/name gender heuristics. The metadata about the Twitter users helps us to identify which actions are mentioned more frequently by which gender. The Web-corpus-based score helps us to identify which gender is more frequently reported to be carrying out a given action. The evaluation of both methods suggests that 1) it is possible to predict the human gold standard with considerable success, 2) the two methods capture different aspects of stereotypical knowledge, and 3) they work best when combined together.
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Herdagdelen, Amac. "Collecting Common Sense from text and People". Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2011. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/423/1/amac_herdagdelen_thesis.pdf.
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In order to display human-like intelligence, advanced computational systems should have access to the vast network of generic facts about the world that humans possess and that is known as commonsense knowledge (books have pages, grocery has a price, ...). Developers of AI applications have long been aware of this, and, for decades, they have invested in the laborious and expensive manual creation of commonsense knowledge repositories. An automated, high-throughput and low-noise method for commonsense collection still remains as the holy grail of AI.
Two relatively recent developments in computer science and computational linguistics that may provide an answer to the commonsense collection problem are text mining from large amounts of data, something that has become possible with the massive availability of text on the Web, and human computation, which is a workaround technique implemented by outsourcing the 'hard' sub-steps of a problem to people. Text mining has been very successful in extracting huge amounts of commonsense knowledge from data, but the extracted knowledge tends to be extremely noisy. Human computation is also a challenging problem because people can provide unreliable data and may lack motivation to solve problems on behalf of researchers and engineers. A clever, and recently popularized, technique to motivate people to contribute to such projects it to pose the problems as entertaining games and let people solve those problems while they play a game. This technique, commonly known as games-with-a-purpose approach, has proved a very powerful way of recruiting laypeople on the Web.
The focus of this thesis is to study methods to collect common sense from people via human computation and from text via text mining, and explore the opportunities in bringing these two types of methods together. The first contribution of my study is the introduction of a novel text miner trained on a set of known commonsense facts. The text miner is called BagPack and it is based on a vector-space representation of concept pairs, that also captures the relation between the pairs. BagPack harvests a large number of facts from Web-based corpora and these facts constitute a -- possibly noisy -- set of candidate facts.
The second contribution of the thesis is Concept Game, a game with a purpose which is a simple slot-machine game that presents the candidate facts -- that are mined by BagPack -- to the players. Players are asked to recognize the meaningful facts and discard the meaningless facts in order to score points. Thus, as a result, laypeople verify the candidate set and we obtain a refined, high-quality dataset of commonsense facts.
The evaluation of both systems suggests that text mining and human computation can work very efficiently in tandem. BagPack acts as an almost-endless source of candidate facts which are likely to be true, and Concept Game taps laypeople to verify these candidates. Using Web-based text as a source of commonsense knowledge has several advantages with respect to a purely human-computation system which relies on people as the source of information. Most importantly, we can tap domains that people do not talk about when they are directly asked. Also, relying on people just as a source of verification makes it possible to design fast-paced games with a low cognitive burden.
The third issue that I addressed in this thesis is the subjective and stereotypical knowledge which constitutes an important part of our commonsense repository. Regardless of whether one would like to keep such knowledge in an AI system, being able to identify the subjectivity and detect the stereotypical knowledge is an important problem. As a case study, I focused on stereotypical gender expectations about actions. For this purpose, I created a gold standard of actions (e.g., pay bill, become nurse) rated by human judges on whether they are masculine or feminine actions. After that, I extracted, combined, and evaluated two different types of data to predict the gold standard. The first type of data depends on the metadata provided by social media (in particular, the genders of users in a microblogging site like Twitter) and the second one depends on Web-corpus-based pronoun/name gender heuristics. The metadata about the Twitter users helps us to identify which actions are mentioned more frequently by which gender. The Web-corpus-based score helps us to identify which gender is more frequently reported to be carrying out a given action. The evaluation of both methods suggests that 1) it is possible to predict the human gold standard with considerable success, 2) the two methods capture different aspects of stereotypical knowledge, and 3) they work best when combined together.
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Asadi, Dena. "A New Sense to Common Sense : Context and Interdependence in Goodman and Nāgārjuna". Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Humanities and Informatics, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-5137.
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Some form of absolutism has generally been the majority view within philosophy and in other traditions, and it is common to take absolutism for granted without providing rational arguments or empirical evidence in support of it. However, such attitudes are not viable if we want to avoid dogmatism. In this paper, I question absolutism and the closely associated correspondence theory of truth through the writings of Goodman and Nāgārjuna. I first describe Goodman‟s philosophy with a focus on his works dealing with „worldmaking‟ and multiple true versions. Subsequently follows an outline of Nāgārjuna‟s philosophy, in which he intended to show that the notion of an essence, an inherently existent entity or relation, is incoherent and that essences would be incompatible with experience. I then reflect on the relation between absolutism and relativism, and propose that the philosophies of Goodman and Nāgārjuna make it possible to transcend both. The paper ends with a discussion on the notion of knowledge in the absence of absolute entities and essences. From the works of Goodman, Nāgārjuna, and Bohm, I put forward the idea that an aspiration for a greater good and fitting is more general than a desire for knowledge of entities, and that it is therefore important to be aware of the larger context in which any given entity appears so that it can be seen to what extent further inquiry and use of it can lead to a greater good and fitting.
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Kennett, Jeanette. "Agency and responsibility : a common-sense moral psychology /". Oxford [u.a.] : Clarendon Press, 2001. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0610/00060671-d.html.
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Jessop, Ralph. "Carlyle and the Scottish philosophy of common sense". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241049.
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Reay-Jones, Robert. "William empson and the common sense of theory". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2007. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/56175/.
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'As for teaching---I quite like talking to myself in public. The thing is to look at the blackboard or anyway not at the assembled frogs. They can read what you write on the board though they can't understand what you say. If you write steadily on the board and keep up a spoken patter, never waiting for signs of intelligence or making jokes, the hour gets through all right' (SL 40). Thus wrote William Empson from Japan in a letter to John Hayward in 1932. Empson's early experience as an English teacher in the Far East helped shape the formation of his ambivalent attitudes towards the varied audiences he felt himself compelled to address as a publicly-minded intellectual who always wrote in fear of the charges of elitism and solipsism. Yet there is a sense in which Empson was not always altogether able, nor perhaps even willing, to resist the trappings of solipsistic eccentricity. Aware of his own idiosyncratic critical vision, Empson struggled with the social and theoretical implications of the ultra-refined rationalising drive that motivated his analytical concentration on 'the words on the page'. And though as a critic with distinct and highly sophisticated philosophical inclinations, he was not averse to engaging in spirited controversy with contemporary academic theorists and philosophers, still he was also keen to foster a sense of common belonging with the 'ordinary tolerably informed reader', to cultivate a sense of pastoral intimacy with a broader, non-specialised community, the 'assembled frogs' in the classroom and beyond. The resulting tension in his work between the democratic, commonsensical impulse of a publicly-minded intellectual speaking for our common 'social experience' (a key Empson phrase), translating for the greatest possible number, and the unarticulated, elitist products of an idiosyncratic critical consciousness, is the central topic of this dissertation. Empson scholar-theorists have often dealt elliptically with this sturdy resistance to theory by stressing the man's 'common sense rationalism' (Christopher Norris), the 'reasonableness' (Paul Fry) of a 'reluctant metacritic' (John HafTenden) keen to resist the professionalization of Eng. Lit. in its varied 'bother-headed theoretical' forms. Yet both Empson's homespun rationalism and his resistance to theory are shot through with tensions similar to those which structure his difficult attempt to reconcile the conflicting voices of articulate populism and elitist marginality. The recent publication of Haffenden's two-volume biography (OUP 2005-2006) and of his edition of the Selected Letters (OUP 2006), as well as the forthcoming publication of a collection of essays edited by Matthew Bevis entitled Some Versions of Empson (OUP 2007), give Empson scholars and enthusiasts an opportunity to reflect on the ambiguities of Empson's theoretical and pedagogical legacy.
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Sokoloski, Aaron M. "A common-sense reasoning system for mechanical engineering". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32921.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-64).
This thesis describes the Mechnet system, which was created to test an implementation of analogy-based reasoning about mechanical engineering, focusing on tools and machines that would be found in a shop. Mechnet uses common-sense data about how these things are used and what they are made of, and attempts to judge which objects are similar to each other. The goal was to make "sensible" analogies about things, in that they make sense to a human who has experience in this area. Results show some reasonable analogies for many tools and machines entered, but non-sensical analogies in several instances. The problems which cause these non-sensical analogies are discussed and analyzed. Recommendations are made for improvement; and further research into other kinds of common-sense reasoning.
by Aaron M. Sokoloski.
S.B.
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Kovacic, Kathy Jeanne. "Using common-sense knowledge for computer menu planning". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1058283745.
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Munoz, Ricardo A. (Ricardo Alberto). "Using Normal Deduction Graphs in Common Sense Reasoning". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277922/.
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This investigation proposes a powerful formalization of common sense knowledge based on function-free normal deduction graphs (NDGs) which form a powerful tool for deriving Horn and non-Horn clauses without functions. Such formalization allows common sense reasoning since it has the ability to handle not only negative but also incomplete information.
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Krishna, Nakul. "The morality of common sense : problems from Sidgwick". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f2ac036e-115d-4e02-b5a8-cd6ab40f0800.
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Much modern moral philosophy has conceived of its interpretative and critical aims in relation to an entity it sometimes terms 'common-sense morality'. The term was influentially used in something like its canonical sense by Henry Sidgwick in his classic work The Methods of Ethics (1874). Sidgwick conceived of common-sense morality as a more-or-less determinate body of current moral opinion, and traced his ('doxastic') conception through Kant back to Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics and the practice of Plato's Socrates before him. The Introduction to this thesis traces the influence of Sidgwick's conception both on subsequent (mis)understandings of Socratic practice as well as on the practice of moral philosophy in the twentieth century. The first essay offers a challenge to Sidgwick's understanding of Socratic practice. I argue that Socrates' questioning of his interlocutors, far from revealing some determinate body of pre-existing beliefs, is in fact a demonstration of the dynamic and partially indeterminate quality of common-sense morality. The value for the interlocutor of engaging in such conversation with Socrates consisted primarily in its forcing him to adopt what I term a deliberative stance with respect to his own practice and dispositions, asking himself not 'what is it that I believe?' but rather, 'what am I to believe?' This understanding of Socratic practice gives us a way of reconciling the often puzzling combination of conservative and radical elements in Plato's dialogues. The second essay is a discussion of the reception of Sidgwick's conception of ethics in twentieth-century Oxford, a hegemonic centre of Anglophone philosophy. This recent tradition consists both of figures who accepted Sidgwick's picture of moral philosophy's aims and those who rejected it. Of the critics, I am centrally concerned with Bernard Williams, whose life's work, I argue, can be fruitfully understood as the elaboration of a heterodox understanding of Socratic practice, opposed to Sidgwick's. Ethics, on this conception, is a project directed at the emancipation of our moral experience from the many distortions to which it is vulnerable. Williams's writings in moral philosophy, disparate and not entirely systematic, are unified by these emancipatory aims, aims they share with strains of psychoanalysis except in that they do not scorn philosophical argument as a tool of emancipation: in this respect among others, I claim, they are fundamentally Socratic.
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FERREIRA, SERGIO LUIS SUDSILOWSKY. "BETWEEN REASON AND COMMON SENSE: A MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SPACE IN MODERN ARCHITECTURE, THROUGH THE COMMOM SENSE DISCOURSE, THE RESIDENTS DISCOURSE". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2003. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=4451@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROElaborado dentro de um programa muito bem definido, o projeto na Arquitetura Moderna tem como uma de suas premissas não só edificar, mas também organizar móveis e objetos nos espaços, pretendendo ensinar como morar, ou seja, doutrinar os usuários sobre a forma correta de utilizar a máquina de morar. O Conjunto Residencial Marquês de São Vicente, prédio situado na Gávea, Zona Sul do Rio de Janeiro, foi pensado pelo arquiteto Affonso Eduardo Reidy dessa forma e construído com a certeza de que atenderia a esse programa, a certeza dos idealistas. Partindo de tal constatação, realizamos uma série de visitas aos apartamentos e entrevistas com os moradores deste prédio, com objetivo de proceder a uma análise morfológica das configurações espaciais feitas por eles a fim de construirmos o discurso do senso comum para, em seguida, relacioná-lo ao projeto original, o discurso da racionalidade. Ou seja, procuramos conhecer o outro lado da história, i. e., saber como os outros - nesse caso os moradores - construíram esse espaço no seu imaginário.
Conceived within the scope of a very well defined intellectual movement, the project, in modern architecture, aimed not only to build, but also to organize furniture and objects in living spaces. They intended to teach how to live, to indoctrinate the users about the correct way of using the living machine. The Marquês de São Vicente condominium, located in Gávea borough, Rio de Janeiro, was developed in this way by the architect Affonso Eduardo Reidy and built with the conviction that it would accomplish that program, as the idealists conceived of it. Starting with this premise, we visited many apartments in the complex and interviewed the residents of one of the buildings so as to develop a morphologic analysis of the existing configuration thet had been done by them, tho know the common sense discourse, so that it could be related with the original project and, afterwards, with the discourse of reason. In other words, we tried to know the other side of history, i.e., to learn how the others - the residents - built that room in their own imaginary.
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Liebrecht, Tanya. "Common sense : the logic of racism and political correctness /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arl717.pdf.
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Wilkie, S. "Common sense and metaphysics in the philosophy of perception". Thesis, Swansea University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.636600.
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The fundamental and unargued assumption of the philosophy of perception is that there is such a thing as perception: where it appears explicitly, it is in the guise of common sense. Thus, it appears to corroborate the even more fundamental assumption that philosophy is an inquiry into ordinary questions, and, therefore, begins with concepts or ways of thinking which are non-philosophical. This thesis contrasts that theory with the arguments practised by philosophers of perception. Arguments which move from what you do believe to what you should believe are most effectively undermined by denying their premisses: the most pressing reasons for unmasking the technical language of philosophy is the need to ascertain whether you really do believe the things that philosophers say you do. I deal with those ideas, such as 'the senses' and 'seeing', which are used to slip to both 'perception' and the pretence that this is an ordinary idea. These belong to a tradition of thinking which makes the assumptions familiar, often even outwith philosophy. It is therefore imperative to distinguish the ordinary use to which such expressions are put from the ways in which philosophers employ them. The same applies to the very particular examples chosen to persuade us that, in some cases at least, we already carefully distinguish 'perception' from 'judgement'. The modern causal theory of perception is challenged because there is no ordinary notion of perception for it to elaborate. I argue that there is no real difference between the ideas of 'visual experience' and 'sense-data', and show that the distinction between 'objects' and 'experience' is not practical but theoretical, resting upon philosophical assumptions. Finally, I examine the imaginary examples of hallucination used to introduce the causal theory: were they real examples, there would still be no compulsion to understand them in the way these philosophers do.
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Watt, Stuart Neil Kennaway. "Seeing things as people : anthropomorphism and common-sense psychology". Thesis, Open University, 1997. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57722/.
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This thesis is about common-sense psychology and its role in cognitive science. Put simply, the argument is that common-sense psychology is important because it offers clues to some complex problems in cognitive science, and because common-sense psychology has significant effects on our intuitions, both in science and on an everyday level. The thesis develops a theory of anthropomorphism in common-sense psychology. Anthropomorphism, the natural human tendency to ascribe human characteristics (and especially human mental characteristics) to things that aren't human, is an important theme in the thesis. Anthropomorphism reveals an endemic anthropocentricity that deeply influences our thinking about other minds. The thesis then constructs a descriptive model of anthropomorphism in common-sense psychology, and uses it to analyse two studies of the ascription of mental states. The first, Baron- Cohen et al. 's (1985) false belief test, shows how cognitive modelling can be used to compare different theories of common-sense psychology. The second study, Searle's (1980) `Chinese Room', shows 'that this same model can reproduce the patterns of scientific intuitions taken to systems which pass the Turing test (Turing, 1950), suggesting that it is best seen as a common-sense test for a mind, not a scientific one. Finally, the thesis argues that scientific theories involving the ascription of mentality through a model or a metaphor are partly dependent on each individual scientist's common-sense psychology. To conclude, this thesis develops an interdisciplinary study of common-sense psychology and shows that its effects are more wide ranging than is commonly thought. This means that it affects science more than might be expected, but that careful study can help us to become mindful of these effects. Within this new framework, a proper understanding of common-sense psychology could lay important new foundations for the future of cognitive science.
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Isla, Damián Alberto 1977. "The virtual hippocampus : spatial common sense for synthetic creatures". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/86803.
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Thesis (M.Eng. and S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (p. 175-181).
by Damián Alberto Isla.
M.Eng.and S.B.
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Pino, Simona. "The politics of branding : iRobot, branding and common sense". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/82187/.
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This thesis investigates the branding and marketing practices of the iRobot Corporation, an American military firm that produces both domestic and military robots with the same brand, and emphasises its military character when advertising its civilian products. Based on the assumption that the branding strategy is counterintuitive and controversial, this thesis offers an explanation by considering the practice within the broader historical context, thus providing an insight into the changing role and place of military firms within contemporary American capitalism. The argument is that the firm has developed its brand by constructing a narrative based on certain features of common sense, a notion developed by Gramsci to refer to a set of widely established and uncritically accepted ideas, present in contemporary American society. The main elements emerging from the empirical analysis of iRobot’s narrative, carried out by focusing on the language and imagery employed on the part of the firm are: 1] a conflation of the military and civilian spheres; 2] the security-enhancing character of the firm’s warfare robots; 3] the depiction of these robots uniquely in defensive terms. The thesis shows how these three elements are consistent with ideas that are widely established at the societal level: an increasingly indistinct separation of the military and civilian spheres, a long-standing casualty aversion, and a confused understanding of the notions of defence and offence since 9/11, respectively. In turn, the consistency between the firm’s narrative and US common sense stands in the way of a critical appraisal of the ideological character of the firm’s strategy and the implications linked to it. These are the diffusion of martial ideas across American society, which has a negative impact on the functioning of democracy, and the reinforcement of militaristic approaches to foreign policy, which has repercussions at the level of the international order.
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Dahlström, Lars. "Post-apartheid teacher education reform in Namibia : the struggle between common sense and good sense". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Pedagogiska institutionen, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-18065.
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This thesis is about teacher education reform. It is a narrative of attempted change in the area of teacher education in post-apartheid Namibia. The inquiry is based on critical and participatory perspectives. The analytical tools include concepts like hegemony and counter-hegemony, common sense and good sense. The historical and contextual analyses attend to the broad global layers of influence on a newly born African nation state, the prevailing common sense of financial and technical assistance agencies, and the modern school as it has landed in Namibia and elsewhere in Africa. It gives an overview of the historical deposits into the common sense about schooling and education in Namibia, including visions and practices of the liberation movement before independence. The teacher education reform is also placed within the international context of preferential views on teacher education. The struggle over the preferential right of interpretation is described and analysed on three major levels: the policy level of an imperative reform framework, the level of the contested programme imprints, and on institutional level where attempts were made to create reform agency. The teacher education reform was part of the post-apartheid policy that signalled an egalitarian society for all. The analyses give at hand that the reform was neither a defeat nor a victory. The combined effects of historical and parallel engravings affected the reform process and created a transposed reform out of the intellectual war of position over the preferential right of interpretation. The transposed reform had traits of both the hegemonic imprints and the counter-hegemonic reform policy and operated within a constraining and ahistorical political context. A future revival of the reform policy includes a critical literacy of pedagogy and a pedagogy of hope.digitalisering@umu
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Godina, Rosemarie. "Common-sense editing of a crux and female's unruly speech". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq30792.pdf.
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Hounslow, William Eric. "A possible-worlds approach to the formalisation of #common sense'". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359237.
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Annis, R. J. "Is Thomas Reid's common sense philosopy compatible with religious belief". Thesis, University of Exeter, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370635.
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Dervos, Dimitris A., i Anita Sundaram Coleman. "A Common Sense Approach to Defining Data, Information, and Metadata". Ergon-Verlag, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105530.
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This is a presentation (~25 slides) made at ISKO 2006 in Vienna based on the paper (same title) published in the Proceedings of the Ninth International ISKO 2006 Conference, Vienna, Edited by Swertz, C. Berlin: Ergon, 2006.
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Bradanini, Davide. "Common sense and 'national emergency': neoliberal hegemony in 1990s Italy". Thesis, IMT Alti Studi Lucca, 2012. http://e-theses.imtlucca.it/94/1/Bradanini_phdthesis.pdf.
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The object of this analysis is the moment of consensus that was achieved in the Italian political economy in the 1990s, which allowed the élite to implement 'neoliberal' reforms of industrial relations, pensions, labour market, as well as austerity measures. In contrast to previous work on these issues, I apply a neo-Gramscian theoretical approach that is able to overcome the limitations of an institutionalist paradigm without at the same time taking refuge in a form of determinism. The notion of 'common sense' is fruitfully applied to the Italian case: through a 'common sense' analysis of interviews with representatives of social forces and parties, I show that the genesis of consensus can be both described and explained. A second - related - aim of the research is to explore the '"common sense' underpinnings of the Left's ideological transformation in 1990s Italy. The main finding of the research is that the shared 'common sense' assumption among the social actors was that Italy suffers from economic vulnerability and thus unilateral sacrifices (including - crucially - wage moderation) on the part of labour are necessary in order to adapt the national political economy to 'the international'.
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Stern, Rebecca H. "Not Just Common Sense: Principled Sensemaking and Implementation of the Common Core at Two Middle Schools". Thesis, Boston College, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:106723.
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Thesis advisor: Marilyn Cochran-SmithAcross the nation, most states are implementing a new set of standards- and accountability-based reforms: the Common Core State Standards and their accompanying assessments. Unfortunately, the perspectives of school-based educators are largely missing from policy and implementation decisions about the Common Core. To address some of the gaps in previous research, the purpose of this dissertation—a comparative case study of two middle schools on the East Coast of the United States—was to describe and analyze school-based educators’ perceptions of and responses to the Common Core and the Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium (SBAC) Exam. Data analysis revealed that educators in the two schools generally worked from an inquiry stance on teaching, learning, and schooling (Cochran-Smith & Lytle, 2009) in that they collectively and critically analyzed the intentions of educational policy and practice based in part on their beliefs about student-centered, constructivist teaching and learning. Consistent with this perspective, they made sense of the Common Core and SBAC based on the degree of alignment they perceived between their own educational values and beliefs, on the one hand, and the values and beliefs that animated the policies, on the other hand, which I conceptualized as “principled sensemaking.” How the educators actually implemented the Common Core and SBAC was the result of the intersection of their principled sensemaking of these standards-based reforms and the degree of agency they had over policy implementation. I termed this type of response to policy “principled implementation.” Four types of principled implementation were identified: principled adoption, principled neglect, principled compliance, and principled resistance. New understandings of school-based educators’ unique, critical, and nuanced perceptions of the Common Core and SBAC and how they believe the Common Core and SBAC influence teaching and learning have the capacity to inform decisions about the future of the Common Core in schools, and contributes to a broader understanding of how school-based educators take up and respond to standards- and accountability-based reforms
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2016
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Teacher Education, Special Education, Curriculum and Instruction
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Fang, Xuan, i 方璇. "Commonsense and nonsense, a cultural-philosophical adventure in Alice's wonderland". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43223989.
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Nehring, Robert. "Kritik des Common Sense gesunder Menschenverstand, reflektierende Urteilskraft und Gemeinsinn - der Sensus communis bei Kant". Berlin Duncker & Humblot, 2008. http://d-nb.info/999631934/04.
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Nohr, Rolf F. "The naturalization of knowledge : games between common sense and specialized knowledge". Universität Potsdam, 2010. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4274/.
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Reflecting on how and with what kind of consequences something artificial, something manufactured becomes naturalized in video games will be the central issue of this text. It deals with the question of how the video game hides its artificiality in terms of technique. In a certain sense this retrieves one of the fundamental questions of modernity and industrialization: How does the manufacturing of our environment become a naturalized, self-evident and indubitable process?
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Taylor, Gerald G. "Perception and common sense : a study of twentieth-century direct realism". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/26989.
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This thesis is a critical examination of the direct realist theory of perception. A common-sense analysis of perception is defended against arguments which are widely believed to rule out the direct realist's notion of a direct contact with external physical reality. I argue that a common-sense version of direct realism can adequately account for hallucinations, perceptual relativity, perceptual illusions, severe time-lags and the causal processes involved in perception. The views of prominent, twentieth-century direct realists are critically examined with the intention of identifying constraints on any plausible direct realist theory of perception. I maintain that there are representationalist tensions in the work of leading, twentieth-century direct realists, and that a principal source of these representationalist tensions is their adherence to the common element thesis, the notion that hallucinations and genuine perceptions are the very same experience. Appealing to recent cognitive science experiments on the imagination, I defend a disjunctivist analysis of experience, one which holds that hallucinations and genuine perceptions involve fundamentally different experience-types, rather than sharing a common, world-independent experience. The analysis which emerges is non-epistemic in its denial that perceptual experiences are essentially cognitive. A non-intentional and non-propositional species of perceptual representational content is proposed, one which recognises qualia of perceptual experience. Recent attempts by direct realists to apply Russellian acquaintance to the direct perception of external physical reality are rejected as inconsistent with the central ideas in Russellian acquaintance. Traditional Humean difficulties about the elusiveness of the self in introspection, and the question how we could know we perceive if we are never actually acquainted with the self, are addressed by appeal to Russell's largely overlooked notion of learning to be acquainted with objects.
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Hobbs, Ryan. "Wonder, common sense, and idealism in the work of G.K. Chesterton". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2006. http://www.tren.com.
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Modi, Ashutosh [Verfasser], i Ivan [Akademischer Betreuer] Titov. "Modeling common sense knowledge via scripts / Ashutosh Modi ; Betreuer: Ivan Titov". Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1137206276/34.
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Vasilionytė, Ieva. "The possibility of a moral theory compatible with common-sense morality". Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140701_110356-86907.
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The dissertation explores the question of the possibility of a moral theory compatible with common sense morality. Common sense morality is limited to its two fundamental features, or suppositions: moral judgements are truth apt and practical, i.e. they are at the same time in some sense objectively right or wrong and necessarily action guiding. In contemporary philosophy, the two fundamental features of common sense morality seem to be incompatible: only descriptions can have truth values, but descriptions are not prescriptions, or, to put it otherwise, from the way the things are, it does not follow straightforwardly how the things should be. However, analyses of the methodological, ontological, epistemological and semantic possibilities of moral theories enable a positive answer: a moral theory which embodies the two fundamental features of common-sense morality is possible, only if it makes coherence its constitutive value and uses the approach of rationalist internalism. In this research, the main controversies and distinctions of contemporary meta ethics (moral realism/anti realism, motivational internalism/externalism) are discussed and an account of rationalist internalism is explicated and enforced.Disertacijoje nagrinėjama su sveiko proto morale suderinamos moralės teorijos galimybė. Sveiko proto moralė apribojama dviem pamatinėm prielaidom, arba savybėm: moraliniai sprendiniai turi teisingumo reikšmes ir yra praktinio pobūdžio, t.y. jie yra kažkuria prasme objektyviai teisingi arba klaidingi ir būtinai kreipia mūsų veiksmus. Šiandienėje filosofijoje šios dvi pamatinės sveiko proto moralės savybės atrodo esančios nesuderinamos: juk teisingumo reikšmes gali turėti tik deskripcijos, o deskripcijos nėra preskripcijos, arba iš to, kaip yra, tiesiogiai neseka tai, kaip turėtų būti. Vis dėlto nagrinėjant metodologines, ontologines, epistemologines bei semantines moralės teorijų galimybes, disertacijoje į pagrindinį klausimą atsakoma teigiamai: abi pamatines sveiko proto moralės savybes įkūnijanti moralės teorija yra galima, tik jei ji padaro koherentiškumą savo konstituojančia vertybe ir naudoja racionalistinio internalizmo prieigą. Darbe aptariamos pagrindinės šiandienės metaetikos kontroversijos bei skirtys (moralinis realizmas/antirealizmas, motyvacinis internalizmas/eksternalizmas), išskleidžiama bei papildoma racionalistinio internalizmo teorija.
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Speer, Robert (Robert H. ). "Learning common sense knowledge from user interaction and principal component analysis". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45643.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2007.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-110).
In this thesis, I present a system for reasoning with common sense knowledge in multiple natural languages, as part of the Open Mind Common Sense project. The knowledge that Open Mind collects from volunteer contributors is represented as a semantic network called ConceptNet. Using principal component analysis on the graph structure of ConceptNet yields AnalogySpace, a vector space representation of common sense knowledge. This representation reveals large-scale patterns in the data, while smoothing over noise, and predicts new knowledge that the database should contain. The inferred knowledge, which a user survey shows is often correct, is used as part of a feedback loop that shows contributors what the system is learning and guides them to contribute useful new knowledge.
by Robert Speer.
M.Eng.
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Lunsing, Wim. "Beyond common sense : negotiating constructions of sexuality and gender in Japan". Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.481226.
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This thesis is concerned with lifestyles in Japan that have hitherto remained largely unreported. The main research categories are gay men, lesbian women, single men and women, and feminist men and women. In addition attention is given to transvestites, transsexuals and hermaphrodites. The main aim of the thesis is to provide an ethnography of the lives of the various categories, which is a new angle from which to view Japanese society. The research methods consist of participant observation and indepth open-ended free attitude interviews. Participant observation in this case includes all aspects of people's life: personal relationships and reading what people from the categories say they read. In addition I developed experiential research, i.e. experiencing what informants may experience. The major question from which the research started out is that of how people whose feelings, ideas or lifestyles do not agree with heterosexual marriage cope with life in a society in which everyone is expected to marry. In this sense the research goes a step beyond what much of anthropology does: establishing what are more or less standard lifestyles in a particular culture. After discussing the position of marriage in Japanese society in chapter three, including political and legal aspects, this thesis discusses how people of the various research categories may try to fit in with the idea that one should marry by entering marriage and the problems this may give in chapter four. In chapter five alternative lifestyles are discussed and in six ways of dealing with an outside world that has little understanding ~ people with alternative lifestyles, feelings, or ideas. In chapter seven ways in which the various categories are regarded and relate to each other, especially the relations between gender and sexuality and discourses of sex and sexual activites are investigated, as well as debates within and between individual and circles consisting of people from the various categories. In conclusion four themes, that played a role in the background throughout the ethnographic body of the thesis, are drawn together: 1) space, gender and sexuality, 2) constructions of homosexuality, .3) selves, and 4) changes: developments that took place while the research was conducted and have continued since.
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Simpson, Lewis David. "The relationships of common sense philosophy to Hawthorne, Poe, and Melville /". The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487325740720617.
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Ecker, Jordan P. "Thomas Paine's (Un)Common Sense and the Politics of Radical Disagreement". Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1494169402027553.
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Simmons, Lesly. "Common sense, social networks and the workplace the generational divide explored /". Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/501170920/viewonline.
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Gjiknuri, Damian. "Albania's counter-terrorism policy options : finding a strategy of common sense /". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Jun%5FGjiknuri.pdf.
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Shane, Elisabeth Ann. "Sex, crimes, and common sense: framing femininity from sensation to sexology". Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1901.
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My dissertation tracks the production of "common sense" about female sexuality and psychology in nineteenth-century sensational British literature. I move from the sensation novel's heyday, represented by Wilkie Collins's The Moonstone (1868) and Mary Elizabeth Braddon's Lady Audley's Secret (1862), through the fin-de-siècle Gothic literary revival with Bram Stoker's Dracula(1895), and conclude with a reading of the representation of aberrant female sexuality in the emergent science of nineteenth-century sexology. For Victorian readers, few things could have seemed further removed from sensation literature--from lurid crime novels to sordid news stories to sexualized science--than common sense. Yet, my project illustrates the role of sensational literature in provoking the dark millennial fantasies that passed as common sense and often animated theories of femininity expressed in late-Victorian science.
Common sense retains its rhetorical force through the assumption that its premises arise naturally and apply universally. But if we take a historical view, a troubling pattern emerges: common sense has often worked to preserve reactionary views of femininity. For example, in the nineteenth century, common sense led medical professionals to the belief that a woman's reproductive system left her constitutionally more susceptible to "hysteria."
define common sense as the product of the frequent iteration of a particular train of associative logic that results in the naturalization and legitimation of claims about reality, even if those claims are both sensationalized and arbitrary. The rhetorical force of common sense requires the perpetual obscuration of its origins. The elusive and frustrating quality of common sense as a cognitive category derives from its ability, in Stuart Hall's words, to "represent itself as the 'traditional wisdom or truth of the ages,'
[when] in fact, it is deeply a product of history, 'part of the historical process'" ("Gramsci's Relevance" 431). Hall describes this type of associative relationship between disparate figures often exemplified in the logic of common sense as "an articulation." What Hall refers to as an "articulation" might also be called, when viewed through the lens of literary theory, a "metonymic chain," wherein the literal term for one thing is applied to another with which it becomes linked, articulated. Both terms—articulation and metonymic chain—effectively describe the illusion of necessary correspondence in mere arbitrary association.
My translation of this cultural phenomenon into the framework of literary analysis allows for a precise description of the rhetorical transformations involved in conjuring common sense. With frequent iteration, metonymic association may appear to be based on some more substantial similarity—not circumstantial, but necessary; not the product of sensationalism, but the inevitable conclusion derived from and constituting common sense. Common sense regarding female sexuality has frequently been preserved through sensationalism; but paradoxically, sensationalism is often most effective when its characteristic paranoia seems somehow self-evidently justified, even rational. In other words, sensationalism works best to consolidate the paranoid patterns of associative logic informing the nineteenth-century figuration of femininity when it appears not to be working at all—when sensationalism takes on the weight of common sense.
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Akhtar, Aasim Sajjad. "The overdeveloping state : the politics of common sense in Pakistan, 1971-2007". Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497836.
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Hamza Alavi's groundbreaking study of the 'overdeveloped' post-colonial state represented the first major attempt in the Marxist tradition to capture the specificity of the post-colonial historical experience. Alavi's empirical focus was Pakistan, but sadly the majority of the literature dealing with the state in the Pakistani context has tended to engage with Alavi's theoretical formulation in a very descriptive manner. This thesis is an attempt to address this gap within the literature.
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Cochran, Patricia. ""Common sense" and legal judgment : community knowledge, political power and rhetorical practice". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45300.
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This dissertation is a critical, interdisciplinary assessment of “common sense.” More specifically, “common sense” is located in relation to practices of legal judgment that have the potential to address injustices occasioned by poverty and inequality. Taking methodological guidance from the work of Ludwig Wittgenstein, augmented by feminist theory, my goal is to construct a “perspicuous representation” of “common sense” in legal judgment.
I engage with the writings of three major thinkers who use the language of “common sense” to communicate their ideas: 18th century Scottish philosopher Thomas Reid, Italian Marxist political thinker and activist Antonio Gramsci, and political theorist Hannah Arendt. I place their writings in conversation with Canadian Supreme Court jurisprudence in which judges invoke the phrase “common sense,” including cases about the admissibility of expert evidence, the justification of breaches of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, and the definition of judicial impartiality. Special attention is paid to the case of Gosselin v. Quebec, in which the Court prominently relies on “common sense” to uphold the constitutionality of social assistance regulations that placed young adults in dire poverty.
The meaning and consequences of “common sense” in legal judgment are more complex than might be anticipated. Unreflective reliance on common sense poses a significant threat to the quality and legitimacy of legal judgment. Common sense is rhetorically powerful and can be self-justifying. Yet, when different aspects of common sense are explored with careful critical attention, its democratic, egalitarian and community-sustaining components are also brought to light. This is very important in cases involving poverty and social marginalization, where the invocation of “common sense” strikes at the heart of many issues raised by the three theorists, including the value of quotidian and non-expert knowledges, the boundaries of reasonable debate, the significance of political history and social relations of inequality, and the way common sense claims both reflect and create communities.
This dissertation offers some criteria to guide the use of common sense in practices of legal judgment, and generates new ways of thinking about and using common sense as a part of rigorously reflective and politically accountable legal judgment.