Artykuły w czasopismach: „Common effluent treatment plant”

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Ramteke, Pramod W., S. Awasthi, T. Srinath i Babu Joseph. "Efficiency assessment of Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) treating tannery effluents". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 169, nr 1-4 (3.09.2009): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-1156-6.

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Tyagi, V. K., A. K. Chopra, N. C. Durgapal i A. A. Kazmi. "Bioassay evaluation of toxicity reduction in common effluent treatment plant". Journal of Applied and Natural Science 1, nr 1 (1.06.2009): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v1i1.23.

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This paper investigates the utility and validity of bioassay toxicity testing using Daphnia magna straus as test organism for monitoring the common effluent treatment plant (CETP) receiving both industrial as well as domestic effluent. The average daphnia toxicity (Gd) at inlet, after primary settling tank (PST), secondary settling tank (SST) and tertiary treatment unit were reported as Gd-16, Gd-12, Gd-4 and Gd-1 respectively. However, a cumulative percentage removal in toxicity after PST, SST and tertiary treatment units was observed as 25%, 75% and 100%, respectively, during entire study period. It showed that a complete removal in daphnia toxicity (Gd) i.e.100% had been achieved only after tertiary treatment unit involving Dual Media Filters followed by activated carbon filters. Further attempts have been made to establish the relationship between key wastewater constituents i.e. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Suspended Solids (SS) with respects to daphnia toxicity (Gd). It was observed that COD and SS show a statistically significant correlation (r2) with daphnia toxicity (Gd) i.e. 0.89 and 0.81, respectively. Thus COD and SS can serve as a regulatory tool in lieu of an explicit toxicity standard (to check and improve the operational status of wastewatertreatment plants in time).

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Mathur, Nupur, Pradeep Bhatnagar, Krishna Mohan, Prakash Bakre, Pankaj Nagar i Mahendra Bijarnia. "Mutagenicity evaluation of industrial sludge from common effluent treatment plant". Chemosphere 67, nr 6 (kwiecień 2007): 1229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.10.073.

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Padalkar, Ashwini V., i Rakesh Kumar. "Common effluent treatment plant (CETP): Reliability analysis and performance evaluation". Water Science and Engineering 11, nr 3 (lipiec 2018): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wse.2018.10.002.

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., Ketan A. Salunke. "PERFORMANCE STATUS OF COMMON EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT AT DOMBIVALI CETP". International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 03, nr 21 (25.06.2014): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2014.0321012.

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Raj, Abhay, Sharad Kumar, Izharul Haq i Mahadeo Kumar. "Detection of Tannery Effluents Induced DNA Damage in Mung Bean by Use of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers". ISRN Biotechnology 2014 (11.03.2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/727623.

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Common effluent treatment plant (CETP) is employed for treatment of tannery effluent. However, the performance of CETP for reducing the genotoxic substances from the raw effluent is not known. In this study, phytotoxic and genotoxic effects of tannery effluents were investigated in mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). For this purpose, untreated and treated tannery effluents were collected from CETP Unnao (UP), India. Seeds of mung bean were grown in soil irrigated with various concentrations of tannery effluents (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) for 15 days. Inhibition of seed germination was 90% by 25% untreated effluent and 75% treated effluent, compared to the control. Plant growth was inhibited by 51% and 41% when irrigated with untreated and treated effluents at 25% concentration. RAPD technique was used to evaluate the genotoxic effect of tannery effluents (untreated and treated) irrigation on the mung bean. The RAPD profiles obtained showed that both untreated and treated were having genotoxic effects on mung bean plants. This was discernible with appearance/disappearance of bands in the treatments compared with control plants. A total of 87 RAPD bands were obtained using eight primers and 42 (48%) of these showed polymorphism. Irrigating plants with untreated effluent caused 12 new bands to appear and 18 to disappear. Treated effluent caused 8 new bands and the loss of 15 bands. The genetic distances shown on the dendrogram revealed that control plants and those irrigated with treated effluent were clustered in one group (joined at distance of 0.28), whereas those irrigated with untreated effluent were separated in another cluster at larger distance (joined at distance of 0.42). This indicates that treated effluent is less genotoxic than the untreated. Nei’s genetic similarity indices calculated between the treatments and the control plants showed that the control and the plants irrigated with treated tannery effluent had a similarity index of 0.75, the control and plants irrigated with untreated 0.65, and between the treatments 0.68. We conclude that both untreated and treated effluents contain genotoxic substances that caused DNA damage to mung beans. CETP Unnao removes some, but not all, genotoxic substances from tannery effluent. Consequently, use of both untreated and treated wastewater for irrigation poses health hazard to human and the environment.

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Zerva, Ioanna, Nikolaos Remmas, Ifigeneia Kagalou, Paraschos Melidis, Marina Ariantsi, Georgios Sylaios i Spyridon Ntougias. "Effect of Chlorination on Microbiological Quality of Effluent of a Full-Scale Wastewater Treatment Plant". Life 11, nr 1 (19.01.2021): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11010068.

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The evaluation of effluent wastewater quality mainly relies on the assessment of conventional bacterial indicators, such as fecal coliforms and enterococci; however, little is known about opportunistic pathogens, which can resist chlorination and may be transmitted in aquatic environments. In contrast to conventional microbiological methods, high-throughput molecular techniques can provide an accurate evaluation of effluent quality, although a limited number of studies have been performed in this direction. In this work, high-throughput amplicon sequencing was employed to assess the effectiveness of chlorination as a disinfection method for secondary effluents. Common inhabitants of the intestinal tract, such as Bacteroides, Arcobacter and Clostridium, and activated sludge denitrifiers capable of forming biofilms, such as Acidovorax, Pseudomonas and Thauera, were identified in the chlorinated effluent. Chloroflexi with dechlorination capability and the bacteria involved in enhanced biological phosphorus removal, i.e., Candidatus Accumulibacter and Candidatus Competibacter, were also found to resist chlorination. No detection of Escherichia indicates the lack of fecal coliform contamination. Mycobacterium spp. were absent in the chlorinated effluent, whereas toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genera Anabaena and Microcystis were identified in low abundances. Chlorination significantly affected the filamentous bacteria Nocardioides and Gordonia, whereas Zoogloea proliferated in the disinfected effluent. Moreover, perchlorate/chlorate- and organochlorine-reducing bacteria resisted chlorination.

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Padalkar, Ashwini V., i Rakesh Kumar. "Removal mechanisms of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from effluent of common effluent treatment plant (CETP)". Chemosphere 199 (maj 2018): 569–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.059.

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Kapley, Atya, Thierry De Baere i Hemant J. Purohit. "Eubacterial diversity of activated biomass from a common effluent treatment plant". Research in Microbiology 158, nr 6 (lipiec 2007): 494–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2007.04.004.

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Valkovszki, Noémi Júlia, Mihály Jancsó, Árpád Székely, Tímea Szalóki, Ildikó Kolozsvári i Ágnes Kun. "Influence of agricultural effluent irrigation on common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) and garden basil (Ocimum basilicum L.): preliminary results". Columella : Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences 9, nr 2 (30.12.2022): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18380/szie.colum.2022.9.2.71.

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The agricultural costs can be reduced with waste water application. The effect of water quality was tested on several parameters of purslane and basil. Four treatments were applied (Irr0: non-irrigated control; Irr1: effluent water from an intensive African catfish farm; Irr2: diluted effluent water with gypsum; Irr3: Körös-oxbow lake water as irrigated control). Completely random sampling was used, ten plants were measured per treatment. For basil the benefical effects of Irr3 irrigation were detected; there were significant differences among the treatments. The highest values of the parameters were in Irr3: plant height (47.96 cm), root length (23.22 cm), biomass (164 g plant-1, fresh floral shoot tip (85.56 g plant-1), fresh stem (78.44 g plant-1) and fresh root weight (9.38 g plant-1). At basil very strong positive correlation was evinced between the biomass, and fresh root weight (p=0.01; Pearson’s r=0.87). The significantly more yield was achieved by irrigation on basil. Irrigation with undiluted effluent water (Irr1: biomass: 124.50 g/plant) is similarly effective to increase yield, as in Irr3.

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RAJ D, SAMUEL SUMAN, N. SREEDHARA CHARY, V. HIMA BINDU, M. R. P. REDDY i Y. ANJANEYULU. "AEROBIC OXIDATION OF COMMON EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT WASTEWATERS AND SLUDGE CHARACTERIZATION STUDIES". International Journal of Environmental Studies 61, nr 1 (luty 2004): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0020723032000151428.

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Vyas, Monika, i Mukul Kulshrestha. "Artificial neural networks for forecasting wastewater parameters of a common effluent treatment plant". International Journal of Environment and Waste Management 24, nr 3 (2019): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijewm.2019.10024422.

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Vyas, Monika, i Mukul Kulshrestha. "Artificial neural networks for forecasting wastewater parameters of a common effluent treatment plant". International Journal of Environment and Waste Management 24, nr 3 (2019): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijewm.2019.103106.

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Pophali, Girish R., i Rita S. Dhodapkar. "An overview of sustainability of common effluent treatment plant for clusters of tanneries". Environment, Development and Sustainability 13, nr 3 (21.11.2010): 493–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-010-9272-6.

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Pandit, Priti Raj, Raghawendra Kumar, Dinesh Kumar, Zarna Patel, Labdhi Pandya, Manish Kumar i Chaitanya Joshi. "Deciphering the black box of microbial community of common effluent treatment plant through integrated metagenomics: Tackling industrial effluent". Journal of Environmental Management 289 (lipiec 2021): 112448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112448.

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Sumayya AR, Saranya R S, Sivagami srinivasan, Mohammed Rafiqkhan, Brindha PS, Mohammed sabeek M i Sangeetha S. "Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis of Brassica juncea (Mustard) and Silk dye-ing effluent’s impact on the spectral studies". International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, nr 2 (14.04.2019): 1266–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v10i2.419.

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The exclusive, low-cost nominal technology for the meagre entrepreneurs of Silk dyeing effluent has been planned and executed. Environmental pollutants exit like Silk dyeing effluent are destructive and needs a high-cost Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) to achieve Zero effluent discharge limits which are not reasonably priced for a low venture capitalist. The Green leafy vegetable Brassica juncea sowed seeds were treated in pot study with fresh water, raw Silk dyeing effluent and Biotreated effluent (with Pseudomonas fluorescens and Azospirillum sp. biofertilizers separately). After 45th days the GLV’s extracts Brassica juncea were grown in fresh water (BJN), in crude effluent (BJE) and in biotreated effluent (BJT) were subjected to UV, FTIR and HPLC analysis. Thus from the functional group studies by FT-IR, the alcohol, alkane, alkyl halide and amine groups were found in GLV irrespective of the treatments, even in crude effluent, the plants managed to synthesize these organic compounds. The isocyanide group was found only in B. juncea, grown in fresh water, which was unable to synthesize isocyanide group in plants grown in crude effluent and biotreated effluent. While the biotreated B. juncea methanolic extracts had shown two peaks of similar to the freshwater B.juncea methanolic extracts whereas the crude effluent had its effect in HPLC Analysis. So it clearly indicates that the effluent's effects have been encountered by the Pseudomonas fluorescens.

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Pandey, Bharat Chandra, i Sangita Gupta. "Review: Wastewater Treatment in Different Industries". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, nr 8 (31.08.2022): 563–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46245.

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Abstract: Wastewater treatment is a process used to remove contaminants from wastewater and convert it into an effluent that can be returned to the water cycle. Once returned to the water cycle, the effluent creates an acceptable impact on the environment or is reused for various purposes (called water reclamation). The treatment process takes place in a wastewater treatment plant. There are several kinds of wastewater which are treated at the appropriate type of wastewater treatment plant. For domestic wastewater (also called municipal wastewater or sewage), the treatment plant is called a sewage treatment plant. For industrial wastewater, treatment either takes place in a separate industrial wastewater treatment plant, or in a sewage treatment plant (usually after some form of pre-treatment). Further types of wastewater treatment plants include agricultural wastewater treatment plants and leachate treatment plants. Processes commonly used in wastewater treatment include phase separation (such as sedimentation), biological and chemical processes (such as oxidation) or polishing. The main by-product from wastewater treatment plants is a type of sludge which is usually treated in the same or another wastewater treatment plant. Biogas can be another by-product if anaerobic treatment processes are used. Treated wastewater can be reused as reclaimed water. The main purpose of wastewater treatment is for the treated wastewater to be able to be disposed or reused safely. However, before it is treated, the options for disposal or reuse must be considered so the correct treatment process is used on the wastewater. Performance ofstate owned sewage treatment plants, for treating municipal waste water, and common effluent treatment plants, for treating effluent from small scale industries, is also not complying with prescribed standards. Thus, effluent from the treatment plants, often, not suitable for household purpose and reuse of the waste water is mostly restricted to agricultural and industrial purposes. The development of innovative technologies for treatment of wastewaters from various industries isa matter of alarming concern for us. Although many research papers have been reported on wastewater pollution control studies, but a very few research work is carried out for treatment of wastewater of steel industries, especially in reference to development ofdesign of industrial effluent Treatment Plants (ETP)system. Another beneficial aspect of this research work will be recycling, reuse of water and sludge from steel industry The whole technologies for treating industrial wastewater can be divided into four categories: - Chemical, Physical, Biological and mathematical approaches.

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Priya, Kuppusamy, Tasneem Abbasi i V. Murugaiyan. "Modeling the performance of a tannery common effluent treatment plant using artificial neural networks". DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 122 (2018): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2018.22669.

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la Cour Jansen, Jes, Bodil Mose Pedersen i Erik Moldt. "Evaluation of Small Wastewater Treatment Plants in the County of Århus – Denmark". Water Science and Technology 28, nr 10 (1.11.1993): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0201.

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Influent and effluent data from about 120 small wastewater treatment plants (100 - 2000 PE) have been collected and processed. Seven different types of plants are represented. The effluent quality and the treatment efficiency have been evaluated. The most common type of plant is mechanical/biological treatment plants. Some of them are nitrifying and some are also extended for chemical precipitation of phosphorus. Constructed wetlands and biological sandfilters are also represented among the small wastewater treatment plants.

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Malviya, V., P. Shrivastava, A. Yadav, R. Malviya, M. K. Dwivedi i N. Jain. "Equilibrium, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies of Malachite Green Dye Removal using Activated Sludge from Common Effluent Treatment Plant". Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 26, nr 4 (25.03.2022): 124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/2604rjce124134.

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Disposal of industrial effluents containing synthetic dyes causes a potential hazard to the land and environment and therefore dyes need to be removed before disposal. In the present study, combined effluent treatment plant (CETP) sludge was activated at 200° C for 1 hour and used as an adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from wastewater. The adsorbent was characterized by XRF, SEM, XRD and FTIR. Batch studies were carried out under various experimental conditions by varying contact time, dye concentration, adsorption dose, pH and temperature to assess the potentiality of activated sludge for the removal of malachite green dye from wastewater. The results revealed that the removal of malachite green dye was strongly pH dependent and maximum dye removal was observed at equilibrium pH of 8.0. Optimum adsorbent dose and contact time were found to be 10 g/l and 180 minutes respectively. Thermodynamic studies showed the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the adsorption. Adsorption data have also been correlated with different isotherm models. Hence activated sludge can be used as an effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from wastewater. It could be considered as good replacement of commercially available adsorbent like zeolites, activated carbon etc. due to its significant low cost and high sorption efficiency.

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Pathe, P. P., M. Suresh Kumar, Kharwade i S. N. Kaul. "Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CEPT) for Wastewater Management from a Cluster of Small Scale Tanneries". Environmental Technology 25, nr 5 (maj 2004): 555–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593332608618562c.

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Patel, Nital, Jayesh Ruparelia i Jayesh Barve. "Prediction of total suspended solids present in effluent of primary clarifier of industrial common effluent treatment plant: Mechanistic and fuzzy approach". Journal of Water Process Engineering 34 (kwiecień 2020): 101146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101146.

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Surayya, Teki, Gudivada Rajendra Prasad, Arigela Srinivasa Rao, Jetti Srinivasa Ravisankar, Matcha Johar Khrisna i Indukuri Satyanarayana Raju. "Identification of Eco-friendly Practices in the Industries of EGREE Region for Sustainable Development, Andhra Pradesh, India". International Journal of Agricultural Sciences 4, nr 1 (8.03.2021): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/ijasc.4.1.33-42.2020.

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This study has been conceived with the basic objective to investigate the role played by industries in the East Godavari River Estuarine Ecosystem (EGREE) region to reduce the level of industrial pollution and other eco-friendly initiatives taken for eco-friendly and sustainable development. Effluent treatment systems prevalent in the majority of the studied industries are in working conditions. 57% of industries' effluent treatment plants are working conditions, 29% of the industries are using landing filling methods for disposal of agro-based waste. There is a strong common understanding among the EGREE region industries to lower the CO2 footprint by substituting coal consumption with bio-fuel. In some companies like ITC, biofuel consumption is 80%, and the remaining 20% is Coal. Government and policymakers have to make provision for industrial waste disposal, especially for small and medium enterprises (SME). Waste transporting cost is high for SME. Effluent treatment plant (ETP) and sewage treatment plant (STP) conditions to be verified by the pollution control board periodically

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Dos Santos, Larissa Macedo, Marcelo Luiz Simões, Célia Regina Montes, Adolpho Jose Melfi i Ladislau Martin-Neto. "VIABILIDADE DO EMPREGO DE ÁCIDO FLUORÍDRICO 10% PARA A REMOÇÃO DE ÍONS PARAMAGNÉTICOS EM AMOSTRAS DE SOLOS E SUAS RESPECTIVAS FRAÇÕES FÍSICAS". Eclética Química Journal 35, nr 3 (17.01.2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26850/1678-4618eqj.v35.3.2010.p55-60.

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Treated sewage effluent utilization for irrigation represents an antique, popularand attractive alternative to the common disposal of effluent to watercourses and includes three main purposes: effluent complementary treatment, water and nutrient source to the soil-plant system. However, because in Brazil no experiences in wastewater recycling exists consequently few scientific studies were carried out despite the importance of the subject. The present study aimed to evaluate by chemical and spectroscopy techniques the soil organic matter from soils irrigated with treated sewage effluent. Five treatments were evaluated: TSI (control) - irrigation with potable water and addition of the nitrogen as mineral fertilizer; T100, T125, T150 and T200 - irrigation with treated sewage sludge effluent and addition of the nitrogen as mineral fertilizer. The results obtained shown changes in the carbon contend and humification degree for the soils irrigated with treated sewage sludge effluent due to the increase activity of the decomposition of organic matter, stimulated by the increase of water in the soil.

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Li, Aimin, Guochen Zheng, Ning Chen, Weiyi Xu, Yuzhi Li, Fei Shen, Shuo Wang, Guangli Cao i Ji Li. "Occurrence Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Organophosphorus Compounds in a Wastewater Treatment Plant and Upstream Enterprises". Water 14, nr 23 (3.12.2022): 3942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14233942.

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Organophosphorus compounds have toxic effects on organisms and the ecosystem. Therefore, it is vital to monitor and control the effluent organophosphorus levels of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This study analyzed the composition and concentration of organophosphorus compounds from the upstream enterprises of a WWTP and conducted ecological risk and toxicity assessments using ECOSAR (ecological structure activity relationship model), T.E.S.T (Toxicity Estimation Software Tool), and risk quotient (RQ) methods. A total of 14 organic phosphorus pollutants were detected in the effluent of the upstream enterprises and WWTP. The concentration of influent total organic phosphorus from the WWTP was 39.5 mg/L, and the effluent total organic phosphorus was merely 0.301 mg/L, indicating that good phosphorus removal was achieved in the WWTP. According to the acute and chronic toxicity analysis, the ECOSAR ecotoxicity assessment showed that 11 kinds of organophosphorus compounds were hazardous to fish, daphnia, and algae in different degrees. Among them, triphenyl phosphine (TPP) had a 96 hr LC50 of 1.00 mg/L for fish and is a substance with high acute toxicity. T.E.S.T evaluates the acute toxicity of each organophosphorus component and the bioconcentration factor (BCF). The evaluation results showed that the LC50 of TPP and octicizer were 0.39 and 0.098 mg/L, respectively, and the concentrations of these two organophosphorus compounds from the effluent of an environmental protection enterprise were as high as 30.4 mg/L and 0.735 mg/L, which exceeded the acute toxicity values and has led to serious hazards to aquatic organisms. The BCF values of each organophosphorus component in the upstream enterprises and the effluent of the WWTP were less than 2000, implying that there was no bioaccumulation effect on aquatic organisms. The developmental toxicity assessment demonstrated that there were nine types of organophosphorus compounds belonging to developmental toxicants, that the presence of developmental toxicants was found in the effluent of each upstream enterprise, and that triethyl phosphate (TEP) was the most common organophosphorus compound. Comparing the RQ of the effluent from various enterprises, it was found that the effluent from the environmental protection enterprise presented the highest degree of environmental hazard, mainly due to the higher toxicity of TEP and octicizer.

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Frostell, Björn, Bengt Boman, Mats Ek, Björn Palvall, Marie Berglund i Anders Lindström. "Influence of Bleaching Conditions and Membrane Filtration on Pilot Scale Biological Treatment of Kraft Mill Bleach Plant Effluent". Water Science and Technology 29, nr 5-6 (1.03.1994): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0711.

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A kraft mill bleach plant effluent was treated in a pilot station with a common pretreatment stage and three parallel biological treatment plants. The possibility to membrane filter the E-stage effluent before biological treatment was provided. In the first pilot plant, three 0.7 m3 anaerobic fixed film reactors were followed by an activated sludge plant with two 0.7 m3 aerobic tanks in series. The second plant comprised a 10 m3 anaerobic hybrid reactor followed by a 2.5 m3 activated sludge plant. The third line was a 4.5 m3 activated sludge plant. All three plants were connected on-line to the bleach plant in a kraft mill. During the study, the bleaching conditions were changed from 75% substitution of chlorine for chlorine dioxide to 100% chlorine dioxide bleaching. In the comparisons, a total hydraulic retention time of 12 hours was used in all the three systems. The influent temperature was kept at 37-38°C. Biomass concentrations were 1.5-4 kg TSS/m3 in the aerobic parts. The concentration of fixed biomass was estimated to be 10-20 kg/m3 in the anaerobic reactors after the experiments. The change in bleaching conditions decreased the discharge of AOX more than 50% and had a positive effect on the biological treatability of the bleach plant effluent. The transformation of organic and chloroorganic material increased, a more stable operation could be obtained and the quality of the sludge improved. Except for chlorate, there were no major differences in treatment efficiency between the three systems studied. Anaerobic pretreatment resulted in a somewhat higher AOX removal and a somewhat better tolerance to shock loads, especially with chlorine used in bleaching. Membrane filtration of the E-stage effluent gave a significant contribution to the overall treatment result with 75% chlorine dioxide (D) in the first bleaching stage, but contributed only marginally with 100% D.

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Bharagava, Ram Naresh, i Sandhya Mishra. "Hexavalent chromium reduction potential of Cellulosimicrobium sp. isolated from common effluent treatment plant of tannery industries". Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 147 (styczeń 2018): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.08.040.

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Shanmugasundaram, S., i D. V. S. Murthy. "Performance evaluation of the common effluent treatment plant for tanneries at Pammal – Pallavaram Tamil Nadu (India)". Bioprocess Engineering 23, nr 5 (22.11.2000): 431–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004499900128.

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Sorger, George J., i James S. Quinn. "Tetracycline-resistant coliforms in the effluent of the main sewage treatment plant in Hamilton, Ontario — do they have a common ancestral strain?" Canadian Journal of Microbiology 56, nr 7 (lipiec 2010): 558–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w10-041.

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Sewage, a major source of bacterial contamination of the environment, can be an important health hazard. The presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in sewage can exacerbate this problem. The sources of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in sewage are, for this reason, worth identifying and addressing. The bacterial flora in the effluent of the Woodward Avenue Wastewater Treatment Plant (WAWTP) in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, contains many antibiotic-resistant coliforms. Here we ask, are the antibiotic resistance genes in the coliforms in the effluent of WAWTP descended from a recent common ancestor strain? If so, the source could be identified and eliminated. If, on the other hand, the antibiotic resistance genes in the bacterial flora of the WAWTP have more than one origin, identification and elimination of the source(s) could be difficult. There was considerable diversity of antibiotic resistance patterns and antibiotic resistance genes among the effluent and influent coliform isolates of the WAWTP, suggesting multiple genetic ancestry. The patterns of horizontal transmissibility and sequence differences in the genes tetA and tetE among these coliform isolates also suggest that they have no one predominant ancestral strain. Using the same logic, the evidence presented here is not compatible with a single ancestral origin of the antibiotic resistance genes in the isolates described herein.

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Chan, Alison, Hamidreza Salsali i Ed McBean. "Nutrient removal (nitrogen and phosphorous) in secondary effluent from a wastewater treatment plant by microalgae". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 41, nr 2 (luty 2014): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2013-0405.

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Microalgae as a feasible option to remove nutrients (phosphorous and nitrogen) from domestic wastewater treatment plant discharge is demonstrated. Laboratory-scale experiments are described, characterizing nutrient removal of total phosphorous and ammonia by three cultured microalgae strains: Chlorella vulgaris, Spirulina maxima, and mixed cultures of naturally growing algae found in wastewater from the Collingwood Wastewater Treatment Plant in Ontario, Canada containing Synechocystis sp. (dominant), Chlorella sp. (common), and a few cells of Scenedesmus sp. Removal of phosphates strongly positively relates to solution pH. Volatilization of ammonia due to increase in pH is not a dominant contributor to overall removal efficiency. Total phosphorous removal rates reached 95.8% and 90.4% for untreated and autoclaved secondary effluent, respectively. Ammonia removal rates reached 94.6% and 86.2% for untreated and autoclaved secondary effluent, respectively. These results demonstrate that use of microalgae represents a sustainable approach to improve removal efficiencies of nutrients in wastewater treatment.

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Chattaraj, Sananda, Hemant J. Purohit, Abhinav Sharma, Niti B. Jadeja i Datta Madamwar. "Treatment of Common Effluent Treatment Plant Wastewater in a Sequential Anoxic–Oxic Batch Reactor by Developed Bacterial Consortium VN11". Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 179, nr 3 (29.02.2016): 514–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-016-2010-2.

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Ferraciolli, Luana Morena Rodrigues Vitor Dias, Danielle De Bem Luiz i Liliana Pena Naval. "Potential for reuse of effluent from fish-processing industries". Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 12, nr 5 (23.08.2017): 730. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2045.

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The most common problems in the fish processing industry relate to high water consumption and the generation of effluents with concentrated organic loads. Given that reuse can represent an alternative for sustainable development, this study sought to assess the potential for recycling effluents produced in a fish-processing plant. In order to do so, the final industrial effluent was analyzed using the American Public Health Association (APHA) standard effluent-analysis method (2005). In addition, the study assessed treatments which produce effluents meeting the requirements prescribed by different countries' regulations for reuse and recycling. The results found that effluents with smaller organic loads, such as those from health barriers and monoblock washing, can be treated in order to remove nutrients and solids so that they can be subsequently reused. For effluents produced by the washing and gutting cylinders, it is recommended that large fragments of solid waste be removed beforehand. Effluents can in this way attain a quality compatible with industrial reuse. This study further highlights the possibility of treating effluents so as comply with drinking water standards. This would potentially allow them to be used within the actual fish-processing procedure; in such a case, a revision of standards and measures for controlling use should be considered to prevent microbiological damage to products and risks to handlers and final consumers.

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Bhattacharya, P., S. Majumdar, S. Bandyopadhyay i S. Ghosh. "Recycling of tannery effluent from common effluent treatment plant using ceramic membrane based filtration process: A closed loop approach using pilot scale study". Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy 35, nr 1 (14.07.2015): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ep.12200.

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Fu, Yu Yun, i Jin Duo Shi. "EDI Technology Application and Exploration in the Power Plant Boiler Feed Water Preparation Areas". Applied Mechanics and Materials 737 (marzec 2015): 285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.737.285.

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EDI water treatment technology currently in power plant boiler feed water preparation systems more and more common. The main reason is due to the EDI water treatment technology has obvious advantages in terms of environmental protection. However, during operation to ensure that the equipment is running well and boiler water effluent quality to meet the requirements, but also the factors affecting the operation of enough attention. Through the analysis of the actual operation characteristics of EDI case of water treatment technology and application notes were simply described.

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Kumar, B. N. Skanda. "Development of Controlled Low-Strength Materials using Class –F Flyash and Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) Sludge". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology V, nr XI (13.11.2017): 238–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2017.11036.

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Parker, D., R. Appleton, J. Bratby i H. Melcer. "North American performance experience with anoxic and anaerobic selectors for activated sludge bulking control". Water Science and Technology 50, nr 7 (1.10.2004): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0463.

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Obtaining reliably high compaction characteristics and low SVI values has enormous economic consequences on activated sludge plant design and operation. Now that use of selectors has become more common for achieving low SVI values, the assessment of the full-scale performance characteristics of activated sludge plants incorporating selectors has high value for the design and operation of future plants. Treatment plant effluent quality is seldom analyzed solely on an average basis and the impact peak events have on effluent quality must be considered in design and operation. Descriptive statistics should also be used to assess selector performance, so that the influence of infrequently occurring values on plant design and operation can be assessed. The performance of 21 activated sludge plants incorporating selectors was evaluated. All the selector plants for which post installation data were available showed that the operating SVI values were significantly improved. One plant studied in detail showed that final effluent quality was significantly better after the selector installation. As a group, activated sludge plants with anaerobic selectors outperform those with anoxic selectors. Dissolved oxygen control is just as important in activated sludge plants with selectors as in conventional activated sludge plants.

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Heidari, Mohsen, Maryam Kazemipour, Bijan Bina, Afshin Ebrahimi, Mehdi Ansari, Mohammad Ghasemian i Mohammad Mehdi Amin. "A Qualitative Survey of Five Antibiotics in a Water Treatment Plant in Central Plateau of Iran". Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/351528.

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Introduction. This study aimed to survey a total of five common human and veterinary antibiotics based on SPE-LC-MS-MS technology in a water treatment plant at central plateau of Iran. Also two sampling techniques, passive and grab samplings, were compared in the detection of selected antibiotics.Materials and Methods. In January to March 2012, grab and passive samples were taken from the influent and effluent of a water treatment plant. The samples were prepared using solid-phase extraction (SPE), and extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS).Results. The results showed that enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline, and tylosin were not detected in none of the samples. However, ampicillin was detected in the grab and passive samples taken from the influent (source water) of the plant, and ciprofloxacin was detected in passive samples taken from the influent and effluent (finished water) of the plant.Conclusion. The results imply that passive sampling is a better approach than grab sampling for the investigation of antibiotics in aquatic environments. The presence of ampicillin and ciprofloxacin in source water and finished water of the water treatment plant may lead to potential emergence of resistant bacteria that should be considered in future studies.

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Fox, Laurie J., J. Norman Grose, Bonnie L. Appleton i Stephen J. Donohue. "Evaluation of Treated Effluent as an Irrigation Source for Landscape Plants". Journal of Environmental Horticulture 23, nr 4 (1.12.2005): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-23.4.174.

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Abstract Treated effluent from the Hampton Roads Sanitation District (HRSD) Virginia Initiative Plant (VIP) was evaluated in 2000 and 2001 as an irrigation source for landscape plants. Landscape plants common to eastern Virginia were installed in raised beds and overhead irrigated at the rate of 2.5 cm (1 in) per week for five months. Aesthetic quality ratings, and soil and water analyses, were conducted monthly. Aesthetic quality ratings were lower on certain plants irrigated with treated effluent in both years of the study. Damage appeared to result from foliar contact by irrigation water high in dissolved salts. Soil tests showed salt accumulation in the planting soil. Damage that occurred on plants irrigated with treated effluent was species specific and included leaf burn, chlorosis, defoliation, stunting, and death. All symptoms were consistent with and typical of salt damage. Salt concentrations in this treated effluent were too high to allow use of this water as an overhead irrigation source for many landscape plants without further treatment or dilution. Irrigation with treated effluent should be based on landscape species composition, local climate conditions, and irrigation method.

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Al-Jandal, Noura, Abdulaziz AlKhubaizi, Talat Saeed i Mariam Hajeyah. "Potential Adsorption Affinity of Estrogens on LDPE and PET Microplastics Exposed to Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 23 (30.11.2022): 16027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316027.

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Microplastics (MPs) are among the most common pollutants in the environment. Because of their small size, availability, and similarity to natural foods, they are commonly ingested by marine organisms. They can cause health problems in living organisms due to their bioaccumulation potential. It is, therefore, unknown whether endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), in particular estrogens, are capable of adhering to the diverse types of MPs found in water. Two MP polymers (low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyethene terephthalate (PET)) that could pose a threat to fish were tested for estrogen adsorption. The adsorption capacity of MP pellets was studied for 30 days in the effluent and influent of a wastewater treatment-plant. A laboratory simulation was conducted to validate the field and laboratory findings. We found that the concentrations of five types of estrogen ((diethylstilbestrol (DES), estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2)) were higher in the influent than the effluent streams. LDPE and PET MPs exposed to influent water in the laboratory had higher estrogen levels than wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) pellets. The PET pellets showed the highest adsorption affinity to EE2, while the LDPE pellets showed the highest affinity to E2. As a result, this study provided baseline data to investigate the estrogen adsorption capacity in MPs.

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Sasidhar, K. B., R. Umaiyakunjaram, S. Yogeswari, K. Latha i P. Shanmugam. "Correlation between empirical formulae based stoichiometric and biochemical methane potential of sectorial wastewater from common tannery effluent treatment plant". Bioresource Technology Reports 16 (grudzień 2021): 100866. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biteb.2021.100866.

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Giang, Pham Thai, Viktoriia Burkina, Sidika Sakalli, Heike Schmidt-Posthaus, Martin Krøyer Rasmussen, Tomas Randak, Roman Grabic i in. "Effects of Multi-Component Mixtures from Sewage Treatment Plant Effluent on Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) under Fully Realistic Condition". Environmental Management 63, nr 4 (20.11.2017): 466–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-017-0964-7.

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Puccini, Monica, Maurizia Seggiani, Domenico Castiello i Sandra Vitolo. "Use of Tannery Sludge Ash as Filler in Waterproofing Membranes". Applied Mechanics and Materials 467 (grudzień 2013): 240–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.467.240.

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Tannery effluent treatment plant sludge is a by-product of leather-making industry in which chrome compounds are the most common used materials. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects and feasibility in the use of tannery sludge ash as a partial or totally replacement of usual mineral filler such as CaCO3in manufacture of waterproofing membranes. The effects of sludge ash on the morphology and mechanical properties of membranes were investigated. Leaching tests were carried out in order to guarantee that the fulfillment of filler function was done in respect with environmental criteria. The results in terms of performances and leaching tests indicate that tannery sludge ash could be used as total replacement of CaCO3for waterproofing membranes. This work has to be intended as the first step of a study whose final goal is to find an effective, industrially applicable, way to improve recycling capabilities of tannery effluent treatment plant sludge in systems like roofing and waterproofing membranes thus solving an economical and environmental problem.

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Nasuno, Eri, Yuto Abe, Ken-ichi Iimura, Masaki Ohno, Tetsuji Okuda, Wataru Nishijima i Norihiro Kato. "Isolation of Biofilm-Forming Bacteria from the Secondary Effluent of the Wastewater Treatment Plant and its Ability to Produce N-Acylhomoserine Lactone as Quorum Sensing Signal". Applied Mechanics and Materials 863 (luty 2017): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.863.135.

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Bacterial quorum sensing (QS) is one of the cell-to-cell communication systems. N-Acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) are the most common QS signals and responsible for biofilm formation in gram-negative bacteria. Inactivation of QS, also referred to as quorum quenching, has been regarded as a popular strategy to control membrane bioreactor (MBR) operations because biofouling in MBR wastewater treatment systems is often caused by biofilm formation. In the present study, 24 bacterial strains were isolated from the secondary effluent of a wastewater treatment plant and AHL productivity and biofilm formation were evaluated on 8 out of 24 isolates. The isolated 8 strains can produce AHLs that only possess a long (C8-C14) acyl side chain. The representative 3 strains were selected from these isolates based on the higher activity of biofilm formation. The AHL separation analysis with a thin layer chromatography clearly showed that N-octanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C8-HSL) and N-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL) existed in the secondary effluent sample, while no C6-HSL producing strain was isolated. C8-HSL was identified as the product of isolate No. 6. These results suggest that the secondary effluent probably contains various cell-to-cell signaling molecules derived not only from the inhabitants but also from the other microorganisms involved in the activated sludge for the biological pre-treatment. In this secondary effluent, AHL trapping techniques can be proposed as one of the acceptable strategies for the control of the QS systems because the remaining AHLs have relatively long acyl side chain and low concentrations.

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Fleckseder, H., L. Prendl i H. Meulenbroek. "The Staging of Large Wastewater Treatment Plants - A “Modular” Approach". Water Science and Technology 25, nr 4-5 (1.02.1992): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0482.

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The primary driving force for re-investments in wastewater treatment plants in Austria - and also other countries in Central Europe - is at present not an increase in load to treatment but a marked increase in effluent requirements to be fulfilled. (The re-investments necessary for sludge handling and treatment remain outside this paper.) Within a period of 20 years, the load specific requirements on aeration tank volume rose five- to tenfold, when Lv = 2.0 kg BOD5/(m3d) was the starting value, and roughly doubled for final clarifiers. In addition, the importance of the application and expansion of primary sedimentation decreased as well. This development over time in Central European countries as well as the need to utilize previous investments as long as possible - 35 to 60 years for civil works are common as periods of depreciation - indicate that investments in new plant at any location in the world have to consider the possible whole life cycle of a plant and that plant hydraulics becomes the “key hook” for expandability.

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Dürrenmatt, David J., i Willi Gujer. "Automatic reactor model synthesis with genetic programming". Water Science and Technology 65, nr 4 (1.02.2012): 765–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.913.

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Successful modeling of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) processes requires an accurate description of the plant hydraulics. Common methods such as tracer experiments are difficult and costly and thus have limited applicability in practice; engineers are often forced to rely on their experience only. An implementation of grammar-based genetic programming with an encoding to represent hydraulic reactor models as program trees should fill this gap: The encoding enables the algorithm to construct arbitrary reactor models compatible with common software used for WWTP modeling by linking building blocks, such as continuous stirred-tank reactors. Discharge measurements and influent and effluent concentrations are the only required inputs. As shown in a synthetic example, the technique can be used to identify a set of reactor models that perform equally well. Instead of being guided by experience, the most suitable model can now be chosen by the engineer from the set. In a second example, temperature measurements at the influent and effluent of a primary clarifier are used to generate a reactor model. A virtual tracer experiment performed on the reactor model has good agreement with a tracer experiment performed on-site.

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Pathe, P. P., S. N. Kaul i T. Nandy. "Performance evaluation of a full scale common effluent treatment plant (cetp) for a cluster of small scale cotton textile units". International Journal of Environmental Studies 48, nr 2 (czerwiec 1995): 149–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207239508710984.

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Anjali, G., i P. C. Sabumon. "Unprecedented development of anammox in presence of organic carbon using seed biomass from a tannery Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP)". Bioresource Technology 153 (luty 2014): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.11.061.

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Almatouq, Abdullah, Mohd Elmuntasir Ahmed, Mishari Khajah i Rashed Al-Yaseen. "Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds Removal in Kuwait Wastewater Treatment Plants". International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 13, nr 6 (2022): 287–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijesd.2022.13.6.1406.

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This study presents the results of an analysis of the most common Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in wastewater samples from one of the largest wastewater treatment plants in Kuwait. Samples from four different locations (plant influent, aeration tank inlet, aeration tank, and plant effluent) were collected weekly and were analyzed for toluene, benzene, xylene, 1, 3, 5 trimethylbenzene, dichloromethane and chloroform. The results showed that all the selected VOCs were detected except benzene. The average concentrations of VOCs that entered the treatment plant were as follows: chloroform 0.22 ± 0.03 μg/mL, dichloromethane 0.18 ± 0.05 μg/mL, toluene 0.08 ± 0.01 μg/mL, O-Xylene 0.03 μg/mL, M-Xylene 0.01 μg/mL, P-Xylene 0.02 μg/ml, and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene 0.02 μg/mL. The concentration of VOCs during the treatment processes decreased for all the selected VOCs (treatment efficiency >98%), except chloroform, which has increased. The disinfection process in the treatment plant might have generated byproducts (such as chloroform) which could have increased chloroform concentration. In conclusion, all of the analyzed VOCs in this study were lower than the maximum level of VOCs in treated wastewater.

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Patterson, R. A. "Wastewater quality relationships with reuse options". Water Science and Technology 43, nr 10 (1.05.2001): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0605.

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The trend towards reuse of effluent for land application of domestic and industrial wastewater is driven by the need to maximise limited water resources and benefit from the plant nutrients available in the effluent. Of significant impact upon the value of the wastewater for reuse is its chemical properties as well as biochemical oxygen demand and suspended solids. While the sewage treatment plant is expected to treat all wastewater received to a minimum environmental standard, no efforts are given to reducing the chemical load derived from uses of chemicals in the domestic household. That the regulation of industry and commerce far exceeds those of the combined effects of thousands of household is remiss of environmental regulators. This paper examines the results of research into the more common sources of chemical additives to the wastewater stream. Twenty five potable water supplies are examined for their salt load, 20 liquid and 40 powder laundry detergents and five dishwashing products were used to simulate discharges to the sewer, measured for their phosphorus, salt and sodium concentrations. The results of the research indicate that choices in the products available for general use within the house can be made only where product labelling and consumer education is improved. Technical improvements in wastewater treatment are not the answer. The improvement in effluent quality will have significant beneficial effects upon land application areas and expand the range of reuse options available for commercial operations.

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Buta, Erzsebet, Ionuț Lucian Borșan, Mariana Omotă, Emil Bogdan Trif, Claudiu Ioan Bunea, Andrei Mocan, Florin Dumitru Bora, Sándor Rózsa i Alexandru Nicolescu. "Comparative Phytoremediation Potential of Eichhornia crassipes, Lemna minor, and Pistia stratiotes in Two Treatment Facilities in Cluj County, Romania". Horticulturae 9, nr 4 (19.04.2023): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9040503.

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Phytoremediation is an effective method used to control the accumulation of certain contaminants found in industrial or city wastewater. Among the species with high efficacy are Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth), Lemna minor (common duckweed), and Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce). In this study, the application of these species in the context of two municipal wastewater treatment facilities in Cluj County, Romania, is evaluated. To determine the efficacy of bioaccumulation, we measured the content of nitrogen species (ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrites, and nitrates), phosphorous, iron, and chromium before and after the addition of plant material to effluent and treated wastewater. The results showed that E. crassipes, L. minor, and P. stratiotes presented high phytoremediation yields for these common wastewater pollutants after one week of contact, with yields as high as 99–100% for ammoniacal nitrogen, 95% for phosphorous, 96% for iron, and 94% for chromium. However, the remediation capacity for nitrate and nitrite was less significant.

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