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Munger, Michael C. "Allocation of Desirable Committee Assignments: Extended Queues versus Committee Expansion". American Journal of Political Science 32, nr 2 (maj 1988): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2111126.
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Blatch-Jones, Amanda Jane, Cherish Boxall, Emmanuel Asante i Katie Meadmore. "Exploring virtual funding committee practices in the allocation of National Institute for Health and Care Research funding: A netnographic study". F1000Research 13 (23.04.2024): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.145582.1.
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Background Funding committees, comprising members with a range of knowledge, skills, and experience, are considered integral to the decision-making process of funding organisations for recommending or allocating research funding. However, there is limited research investigating the decision-making processes, the role of members and their social interactions during funding committee meetings conducted both virtually and face-to-face. Methods Using a mixed-methods design and following netnography principles, the study observed nine National Institute for Health and Care Research programmes funding committee meetings conducted virtually during October 2020 to December 2021; complemented by interviews with committee chairs and members (18 interviews) and NIHR staff (12 interviews); an online survey (50 responses); and documentary analysis. Personal reflections through immersive journals also formed part of the analysis. Results Three main themes were identified from the observations, interviews, and online survey: efficiency of virtual committee meetings (importance of preparation, and the role of formality, process, and structure); understanding the effect of virtual committee meetings on well-being (effects of fatigue and apprehension, and the importance of work life balance); understanding social interactions and engagement (levels of engagement, contribution and inclusivity, awareness of unconscious bias and the value of social networking). Conclusions Examining the decision-making practices of one funding organisation across several research programmes, across multiple committee meetings over one year has generated new insights around funding committee practices that previous studies have not been able to explore or investigate. Overall, it was observed that fair and transparent funding recommendations and outcomes can be achieved through virtual funding committees. However, whilst virtual funding committees have many benefits and opportunities, such as the potential to increase membership diversity and inclusivity, and be more environmentally sustainable, more evidence is needed to evaluate their effectiveness, with particular focus on issues of fatigue, engagement, and committee cohesion, especially when new committee members join.
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Blatch-Jones, Amanda Jane, Cherish Boxall, Emmanuel Asante i Katie Meadmore. "Exploring virtual funding committee practices in the allocation of National Institute for Health and Care Research funding: A netnographic study". F1000Research 13 (9.07.2024): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.145582.2.
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Background Funding committees, comprising members with a range of knowledge, skills, and experience, are considered integral to the decision-making process of funding organisations for recommending or allocating research funding. However, there is limited research investigating the decision-making processes, the role of members and their social interactions during funding committee meetings conducted both virtually and face-to-face. Methods Using a mixed-methods design and following netnography principles, the study observed nine National Institute for Health and Care Research programmes funding committee meetings conducted virtually during October 2020 to December 2021; complemented by interviews with committee chairs and members (18 interviews) and NIHR staff (12 interviews); an online survey (50 responses); and documentary analysis. Personal reflections through immersive journals also formed part of the analysis. Results Three main themes were identified from the observations, interviews, and online survey: efficiency of virtual committee meetings (importance of preparation, and the role of formality, process, and structure); understanding the effect of virtual committee meetings on well-being (effects of fatigue and apprehension, and the importance of work life balance); understanding social interactions and engagement (levels of engagement, contribution and inclusivity, awareness of unconscious bias and the value of social networking). Conclusions Examining the decision-making practices of one funding organisation across several research programmes, across multiple committee meetings over one year has generated new insights around funding committee practices that previous studies have not been able to explore or investigate. Overall, it was observed that fair and transparent funding recommendations and outcomes can be achieved through virtual funding committees. However, whilst virtual funding committees have many benefits and opportunities, such as the potential to increase membership diversity and inclusivity, and be more environmentally sustainable, more evidence is needed to evaluate their effectiveness, with particular focus on issues of fatigue, engagement, and committee cohesion, especially when new committee members join.
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Ghozali, Muhammad, i Eka Ariskawanti. "Peran Supporting Agency Komite Sekolah dalam Pembiayaan Pendidikan". ISLAMIKA 4, nr 3 (21.07.2022): 504–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36088/islamika.v4i3.1913.
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Weak allocation and procurement of funds in educational institutions, affects the educational process. The reason is that the budget is the main means of supporting and carrying out activities in education. The school committee is an organizational body that is held to support solutions, provide considerations, and complete the results of coordination through its role in communicating the institution by providing a positive image to the community and partners. One of the committee's roles as a supporting agency is to support procurement activities and the allocation of school budgets. The research approach used is descriptive qualitative, which then uses interview and observation data analysis techniques. The purpose of the study focused on social conditions in the role of the school committee's supporting agency in financing education. Research that has been carried out at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Swasta Al-Ittihadiyah Al-Islamiyah (MIS AIAI) identified the following results: 1) the role of mobilizing the education financing budget with good management functions, 2) the committee carries out monitoring and evaluation to determine the level of effectiveness of the implementation of activities carried out, 3) Monitoring and evaluation is carried out by the committee (MIS AIAI) by holding committee meetings between the community and the school, and 4) The role in organizing the education budget is also pursued through visits to people who are in the capable category to support the education process.
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Hu, Zhenhua, Shanshan Jin, Ziyue Hu i Degen Lin. "Research on Attention Allocation of Land Policy System Reform: A Comparative Analysis Based on Central No. 1 Documents of China". Sustainability 14, nr 23 (23.11.2022): 15553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315553.
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Dealing with relationships on farmland is one of the most important issues in China. Since its reform and opening up, the policies of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) on “agriculture, rural areas, and farmers” have been embodied in the Central No. 1 document. The documents, which represent the purpose of China, reveal the strategic direction and development ideas of the state. Based on Central No. 1 documents published by the Central Committee of the CPC, and using the attention theory from psychology, we proposed PAI and PAD indicators to express the Central Committee of the CPC’s concern and direction on agriculture, and then measured the change in attention allocation of the Central Committee of the CPC’s land policy, as well as what is “new” in the land policy system. Results showed that: First, the attention allocation of the Central Committee of the CPC’s land policy (PAI) shows a wave-like upward trend from 3.9% to 5%, and has gone through the stage of contracting management to benefit people’s livelihoods and liberate productivity, the stage of allocating land resource elements under scientific use control, and the stage of expanding power and enabling capacity to promote the modernization of land management. Second, the policy attention direction (PAD) has experienced a process from the early focus on the release of land factor productivity to the optimal allocation of land factor resources and then to the modernization of land management. Third, the scope of attention allocation is gradually expanding, especially for the construction of ecological civilization and promotion of the modernization of land management. To be specific, it is necessary to reasonably arrange the overall planning of China’s land policy system based on the actual situation, and to clarify and optimize the development direction and the proportion of attention allocation in its subdivision fields. The intention to be the first to push forward the implementation of the relevant policies and pilot issues of land governance modernization will become the new trend of the future research. Based on the actual situation, we should continue to emancipate prevailing perceptions and combine the focus of rural land reform to inject vitality into rural development and into the development of the whole economy and society.
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Ju, Hong, i Kaye Hewson. "HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT AND EVIDENCE-BASED POLICY MAKING: QUEENSLAND DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH EXPERIENCE". International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 30, nr 6 (grudzień 2014): 595–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462314000695.
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Background: Evidence-based policy making is increasingly used for better resource allocation. Queensland Department of Health has developed a new model to introduce innovative health technologies through a health technology assessment (HTA) program.Structure: A state-wide committee and several sub-committees at health service district level were established to oversee the HTA program and to monitor the uptake of technologies. The committees are supported by a multidisciplinary secretariat comprising staff with key HTA skills.Process: The process starts with HTA applications, which are then shortlisted according to prespecified criteria. A due diligence process adopting a rapid evidence assessment approach is used to evaluate the applications. Based on the assessment, recommendations are made using a deliberative decision-making process guided by well-recognized tools. With positive recommendation, a technology is piloted in constrained local setting before its system-wide diffusion.Outcome: The HTA program has assisted health administrators in prioritizing their health technology agendas. It has gained trust and wide support from policy makers and is increasingly used to support funding allocations, indicating the increasing awareness of and confidence in the program.Conclusions: The HTA program is a valuable process to assist evidence-based policy development and to guide better resource allocation.
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Mamadouh, Virginie, i Tapio Raunio. "The Committee System: Powers, Appointments and Report Allocation*". JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 41, nr 2 (kwiecień 2003): 333–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-5965.00425.
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Hausemer, Pierre. "Participation and Political Competition in Committee Report Allocation". European Union Politics 7, nr 4 (grudzień 2006): 505–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465116506069441.
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Pierce, Vickie E. "Board approves budget, Committee recommendations, delegate allocation formula". AORN Journal 52, nr 3 (wrzesień 1990): 504–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)69875-5.
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Patrão Neves, Maria do Céu. "Ethical health resources allocation: Why the distinction between ‘rationing’ and ‘rationalization’ matters". Revista de Bioética y Derecho, nr 50 (29.07.2020): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1344/rbd2020.50.32044.
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Allocation of health resources has an irreducible ethical dimension, thus cannot be decided only technically, but must be ethically weighed, what paradigmatic experiences of macro (Oregon Basic Health Services Act, 1989) and micro allocation (God’s Committee, 1962) have shown. Justice is required in the enunciation of prioritization criteria, and transparency in its application. In situations of aggravated resource scarcity, it is common to take ‘allocate’ and ‘rationing’ as synonyms or claim that ‘allocate’ is always ‘rationing’. Rejecting these positions, there is a distinction between 'allocating' (resource management) from 'rationing' (allocation of limited resources to a limited number of persons) and 'rationalizing' (optimization of available resources). These distinctions are ethically pertinent, showing how only 'rationalization' respects justice, transparency and human dignity.
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Urquhart, Bonnie, Craig Mitton i Stuart Peacock. "Introducing Priority Setting and Resource Allocation in Home and Community Care Programs". Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 13, nr 1_suppl (styczeń 2008): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/jhsrp.2007.007064.
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Objective To use evidence from research to identify and implement priority setting and resource allocation that incorporates both ethical practices and economic principles. Method Program budgeting and marginal analysis (PBMA) is based on two key economic principles: opportunity cost (i.e. doing one thing instead of another) and the margin (i.e. resource allocation should result in maximum benefit for available resources). An ethical framework for priority setting and resource allocation known as Accountability for Reasonableness (A4R) focuses on making sure that resource allocations are based on a fair decisionmaking process. It includes the following four conditions: publicity; relevance; appeals; and enforcement. More recent literature on the topic suggests that a fifth condition, that of empowerment, should be added to the Framework. The 2007-08 operating budget for Home and Community Care, excluding the residential sector, was developed using PBMA and incorporating the A4R conditions. Results Recommendations developed using PBMA were forwarded to the Executive Committee, approved and implemented for the 2007-08 fiscal year operating budget. In addition there were two projects approved for approximately $200,000. Conclusion PBMA is an improvement over previous practice. Managers of Home and Community Care are committed to using the process for the 2008-09 fiscal year operating budget and expanding its use to include mental health and addictions services. In addition, managers of public health prevention and promotion services are considering using the process.
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Verschuere, B., C. Autissier, A. D. Degryse, P. Gallix, B. Gottis, J. Laurent, M. Leinoe i I. Peyclit. "Ethics committee recommendations for laboratory animals in private research in France". Laboratory Animals 34, nr 3 (1.07.2000): 236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367700780384690.
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Complementary to existing legislation, non-public research companies in France have been working together voluntarily within an organization known as Grice (Interprofessional Working Group on Ethics Committees for Laboratory Animals/Groupe de Réflexion Interprofessionnel sur les Comités d'Ethique appliquée à l'animal de laboratoire) with the objective of creating institutional ethics committees in an effort to promote animal welfare and good scientific procedures. Each company's commitment to the creation of these committees has been expressed by signing the Charter. Each ethics committee is composed of at least three members, including one who is not a scientist; a veterinarian is highly desirable. The committee examines all procedures and protocols involving animals and hands down a favourable or unfavourable opinion, or requests improvements, especially concerning animal well-being. Consensual approval of the protocol is an essential requirement before the purchase or allocation of animals. The committee examines every aspect of laboratory animal housing and care, and inspects all temporary or permanent animal housing facilities. Grice will continue its efforts in relation with public research organizations as well as with groups and in other countries whose objectives are in line with its own.
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Knight, Brian. "Estimating the Value of Proposal Power". American Economic Review 95, nr 5 (1.11.2005): 1639–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/000282805775014290.
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This paper investigates the role of proposal power in the allocation of transportation projects across U.S. congressional districts in 1991 and 1998. The evidence supports the key qualitative prediction of legislative bargaining models: members with proposal power -- those sitting on the transportation authorization committee -- secure more project spending for their districts than do other representatives. Support for the quantitative restrictions on the value of proposal power is more mixed. I then empirically address several alternative models of legislative behavior, including partisan models, informational roles for committees, models with appropriations committees, and theories of committees as preference outliers.
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Battisti, Davide, i Mario Picozzi. "Deciding the Criteria Is Not Enough: Moral Issues to Consider for a Fair Allocation of Scarce ICU Resources". Philosophies 7, nr 5 (24.08.2022): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/philosophies7050092.
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During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy, practitioners had to make tragic decisions regarding the allocation of scarce resources in the ICU. The Italian debate has paid a lot of attention to identifying the specific regulatory criteria for the allocation of resources in the ICU; in this paper, however, we argue that deciding such criteria is not enough for the implementation of fair and transparent allocative decisions. In this respect, we discuss three ethical issues: (a) in the Italian context, the treating physician, rather than a separate committee, was generally the one responsible for the allocation decision; (b) although many allocative guidelines have supported moral equivalence between withholding and withdrawing treatments, some health professionals have continued to consider it a morally problematic aspect; and (c) the health workers who have had to make the aforementioned decisions or even only worked in ICU during the pandemic often experienced moral distress. We conclude by arguing that, even if these problems are not directly related to the above-mentioned issues of distributive justice, they can nevertheless directly affect the quality and ethics of the implementation of allocative criteria, regardless of those chosen.
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HEITSHUSEN, VALERIE. "The Allocation of Federal Money to House Committee Members". American Politics Research 29, nr 1 (styczeń 2001): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532673x01029001006.
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Cook, Rachel J., Susie Jiing, Keren McCord, Adel Kardosh, Amber Diaz, Susan Lindemulder i Brandon M. Hayes-Lattin. "Establishing an oncology stewardship committee during the era of drug shortages." JCO Oncology Practice 19, nr 11_suppl (listopad 2023): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/op.2023.19.11_suppl.212.
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212 Background: Chemotherapy shortages are common, causing rationing when demand exceeds supply. Hospital systems and pharmacies are responsible for chemotherapy ordering - there is no national distribution system. There is risk for inequitable and/or unethical allocation of scarce resources. Prescribing providers are at risk when making individual allocation decisions and leave themselves exposed to medicolegal risk. Given the frequency of supply shortages of antineoplastic, biologic or cellular therapies, we identified a need to create a framework for management of limited supplies and prioritization of allocation decisions. Methods: To ensure a consistent and transparent approach, the Oncology Stewardship Committee (OSC) was established, compromised of multidisciplinary representatives (adult/pediatric physicians, pharmacists, social workers, nurses, and ethicists). The committee based its work on a framework of ethical values and guiding principles, including maximizing benefits (urgency of need, likelihood of benefit, availability of alternatives) and fairness (not upon patient demographics, ability to pay, or financial impact to the health system). A tiered plan for each therapy in shortage was created (table), starting with monitoring and escalating to mitigation through conservation, allocation through a vetted pathway with an appeal process, and up to randomization if all other options were exhausted. Results: The OSC was assembled, agreed upon principles and processes, and launched in 2022. An example for which management escalated to “Tier 3” was fludarabine. During active management of fludarabine, 238 eligible patients were considered, 158 met restriction criteria and 80 were assigned an alternative therapy. Conclusions: The formation of an institutional OSC allowed for improved transparency and equitable allocation of scarce resources. In future, this framework will be used for ongoing drug shortages in addition to management of non-formulary requests.[Table: see text]
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Sonin, K., i I. Khovanskaya. "A Political Economy Model of a Research University". Voprosy Ekonomiki, nr 7 (20.07.2009): 132–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2009-7-132-143.
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Hiring decisions are typically made by committees members of which have different capacity to estimate the quality of candidates. Organizational structure and voting rules in the committees determine the incentives and strategies of applicants; thus, construction of a modern university requires a political structure that provides committee members and applicants with optimal incentives. The existing political-economic model of informative voting typically lacks any degree of variance in the organizational structure, while political-economic models of organization typically assume a parsimonious information structure. In this paper, we propose a simple framework to analyze trade-offs in optimal subdivision of universities into departments and subdepartments, and allocation of political power.
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Barford, Paul, Maria Vlasiou i Lei Ying. "Message from the Technical Program Committee Chairs". ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review 51, nr 4 (22.02.2024): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3649477.3649480.
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It is with great pleasure that we present to you this publication, the proceedings of IFIP Performance 2023. This issue includes extended abstracts of all regular papers accepted at the conference and the full short papers. This year's program boasts a remarkable collection of contributions spanning various topics, including queuing theory, network calculus, fake post detection, data centres, resource allocation, and more.
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Cho, Byungjin, Konstantinos Koufos, Kalle Ruttik i Riku Jäntti. "Power Allocation in the TV White Space under Constraint on Secondary System Self-Interference". Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/245895.
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The Electronic Communication Committee (ECC) in Europe proposed a location-based transmission power allocation rule for secondary devices operating in the TV white space (TVWS). The further the secondary device is located from the TV cell border the higher transmission power level it can utilize. The Federal Communication Committee (FCC) in the US proposed a fixed transmission power allocation rule for all secondary transmitters. Both rules do not consider the secondary system’s self-interference while setting the transmission power levels. In this paper, we propose a power allocation scheme for a cellular secondary system. Unlike the ECC and the FCC proposals we do the power allocation by considering the self-interference. We define the power allocation scheme as an optimization problem. The sum cell border data rate of the secondary network is selected to be the optimization objective. We observe that the optimal transmission power levels become approximately constant over the secondary deployment area. The FCC rule captures the general trend for cellular deployment in the TVWS, since it suggests the use of constant power. However, the transmission power should not be set equal to 4 W but according to the allowable generated interference at the borders of the TV and secondary cells.
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Damane, Moeti. "Topic Classification of Central Bank Monetary Policy Statements: Evidence from Latent Dirichlet Allocation in Lesotho". Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Economics and Business 10, nr 1 (1.09.2022): 199–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auseb-2022-0012.
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Abstract This article develops a baseline on how to analyse the statements of monetary policy from Lesotho’s Central Bank using a method of topic classification that utilizes a machine learning algorithm known as Latent Dirichlet Allocation. To evaluate the changes in the policy distribution, the classification of topics is performed on a sample of policy statements spanning from February 2017 to January 2021. The three-topic Latent Dirichlet Allocation model extracted topics that remained prominent throughout the sample period and were most closely reflective of the functions of the Central Bank of Lesotho Monetary Policy Committee. The topics identified are: (i) International Monetary and Financial Market Conditions; (ii) Monetary Policy Committee and International Reserves; (iii) Regional and International Economic Policy Conditions. The three-topic Latent Dirichlet Allocation model was determined as the most appropriate model through which a consistent analysis of topic evolution in Central Bank of Lesotho Monetary Policy Statements can be performed.
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Riera, Pedro, i Francisco Cantú. "Determinants of legislative committee membership in proportional representation systems". Party Politics 24, nr 5 (23.09.2016): 524–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354068816668678.
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This article explores the determinants of the allocation of parliamentary posts to specific legislators. Using an original data set of biographical information and committee assignments for almost 10,000 legislators in five non-presidential democracies (i.e. Finland, Luxembourg, Norway, Portugal, and Spain), we provide evidence that distributive posts are more likely to be allocated to electorally vulnerable members of parliament, mainly under candidate-centered electoral rules. We also show that posts in high-policy committees are usually assigned to prominent legislators within the parties. Contrary to what one could expect based on the literature on candidates’ incentives to cultivate a personal vote, we find that the effect of district magnitude on the distribution of legislative posts does not depend on the type of list.
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Papalexopoulos, Theodore, James Alcorn, Dimitris Bertsimas, Rebecca Goff, Darren Stewart i Nikolaos Trichakis. "Applying Analytics to Design Lung Transplant Allocation Policy". INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics 53, nr 5 (wrzesień 2023): 350–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/inte.2023.0036.
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In 2019, the United Network for Sharing (UNOS), which has been operating the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) in the United States since 1984, was seeking to design a new national lung transplant allocation policy. The goal was to develop a point system that would prioritize candidates on the waiting list in a way that would yield more efficient and equitable outcomes. Our joint Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)/UNOS team joined forces with the OPTN Lung Transplantation Committee in these policy design efforts. We discuss how our team applied a novel analytical framework, which was developed at MIT and utilizes optimization, regression, and simulation techniques, to illuminate salient trade-offs among outcomes and guide the choice of how to weigh different point attributes in the allocation formula. The committee selected for the allocation formula weights that were highlighted in the team’s analysis. The team’s proposal was implemented as the national lung allocation policy on March 9, 2023 across the United States. History: This paper has been accepted for the INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics Special Issue—2022 Daniel H. Wagner Prize for Excellence in the Practice of Advanced Analytics and Operations Research.
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Lynd-Stevenson, Robert M., Stuart Byrne, Sue Dolman, Michael Harrison i Brian Williams. "Development and evaluation of an allocation committee to distribute community placements on an equitable basis between universities: Our experience with the University Placement Allocation Committee". Clinical Psychologist 11, nr 2 (lipiec 2007): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13284200701484699.
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Babcock, Linda, Maria P. Recalde, Lise Vesterlund i Laurie Weingart. "Gender Differences in Accepting and Receiving Requests for Tasks with Low Promotability". American Economic Review 107, nr 3 (1.03.2017): 714–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20141734.
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Gender differences in task allocations may sustain vertical gender segregation in labor markets. We examine the allocation of a task that everyone prefers be completed by someone else (writing a report, serving on a committee, etc.) and find evidence that women, more than men, volunteer, are asked to volunteer, and accept requests to volunteer for such tasks. Beliefs that women, more than men, say yes to tasks with low promotability appear as an important driver of these differences. If women hold tasks that are less promotable than those held by men, then women will progress more slowly in organizations. (JEL I23, J16, J44, J71, M12, M51)
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Baekgaard, Martin. "Within-party Allocation of Committee Seats: Evidence from Danish Local Elections". Scandinavian Political Studies 37, nr 4 (14.05.2014): 385–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9477.12026.
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Celkevicius, Roberto, i Rosaria F. S. M. Russo. "An integrated model for allocation and leveling of human resources in IT projects". International Journal of Managing Projects in Business 11, nr 2 (8.05.2018): 234–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmpb-09-2016-0074.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose an integrated model for allocation and leveling of human resources in IT projects. Design/methodology/approach A single case study was conducted in a large company of IT outsourcing services, which were assessed the management of 14 projects. The survey was conducted through interviews with project managers, and digital files and internal documents of the organization related to these projects. Findings In the analysis, it was identified that the critical path is not identified in all projects, and even when this happens, resources are not allocated in the first tasks in that path. A committee controls the allocation of resources with the assessment of skills, but there is no control of all resource constraints. Research limitations/implications The main limiting factors for this study are: use of data of one company in the IT industry, making it difficult to generalize the model for other sectors companies; it was noted during interviews that the project managers interviewed do not always know in detail all the company’s processes for allocation and resource leveling, due to the large number of processes and different management activities of these professionals. Practical implications A model and actions for this implementation was proposed, such as training for the use of the technique of critical path; allocation and leveling done simultaneously; decisions of the management committee based on information of availability, key skills, holidays, days off of human resources; development of a software tool that integrates this information, generating graphical interfaces that are not provided by project management software with the use of an allocation factor. Social implications The characteristics of the proposed model, as well as the use of the allocation factor, can help managers to validate their allocation models and leveling of human resources in an integrated manner. Originality/value The study explains that the granularity of analysis of resource allocation increases by decomposition of the duration of each activity in fixed time segments. It is suggested to use the mathematical concept of the allocation factor (Fa).
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Belov, S. I. "Ivanovo-Voznesensk War Industry Committee in 1915–1917: Problems and Achievements". Modern History of Russia 13, nr 2 (2023): 291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2023.202.
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The article examines the activities of the Ivanovo-Voznesensk military-industrial committee in 1915– 1917. Close attention to the object of study is determined by the fact that Ivanovo-Voznesensk was the center of the largest textile region in Russia, and the local military-industrial committee united enterprises with a total number of more than 30 thousand workers. On the basis of the analysis of the archival documents of the committee, the author comes to the conclusion that the sole direction of its activity was the supply of the army with military equipment: the production of grenade and shell cases, and the production of asphyxiant gas. For this, special enterprises (shell and phosgene plants) were founded, generously financed by the members of the Committee. They regularly carried out deliveries for the military department. On the other hand, the local textile enterprises, which fulfilled large defense orders for the supply of fabrics, found themselves outside the sphere of influence of the military-industrial committee. All factories received orders and reported on them independently. Based on this, the thesis is confirmed that the military-industrial committees were not monopolists in the distribution of military orders. Even the attempts of local manufacturers, with the help of the military-industrial committee, to ensure the allocation of additional labor, raw materials, fuel and equipment were not very successful. As a result, no more than 40 % of the capacities of the Ivanovo-Voznesensk textile industry were mobilized for “defense production”. In addition, there is absolutely no trace of the role of the local military-industrial committee in the political organization of the bourgeoisie in Ivanovo-Voznesensk. This can be attributed to the fact that, on the one hand, the committee solved mainly economic problems, and, on the other hand — that the local bourgeoisie had other economic and political organizations that had operated long before the committee was created.
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Cinti, MD, Sandro K., A. R. Barnosky, DO, MPH, S. E. Gay, MD, S. D. Goold, MD, M. Lozon, MD, K. Kim, MD, P. Rodgers, MD i in. "Pandemic influenza: The ethics of scarce resource allocation and the need for a hospital Scarce Resource Allocation Committee". Journal of Emergency Management 8, nr 4 (1.05.2010): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2010.0024.
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Pocherevin, E. V. "Provincial Budget and Agronomic Assistance in the Tomsk Province in the Late XIX – Early XX Centuries". Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 24, nr 5 (7.11.2022): 585–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2022-24-5-585-592.
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The article presents the history of planning, discussion, and approval of the Tomsk provincial budgets by the central departments in the early XX century. The analysis included documents on preparation and adoption of three-year estimates and revealed a high degree of interest in agrarian transformations, both on the part of the local population and the provincial administration. The appropriations approved and implemented in practice included the allocation of funds for dairy experts and experimental farms. However, the budgets drafted by the provincial administration faced significant restrictions from the central departments as a result of the poor legislative grounds. While planning the draft budget for 1915–1917, the Tomsk provincial agronomist put forward a large-scale project for agricultural development, which included a big experimental station. The proposals were discussed by the local committees and received a mixed assessment, e.g., the Biysk committee supported the plan, but the Zmeinogorsk committee was very skeptical about it. Despite the considerable preparatory work, the central department reduced the final version of the provincial budget by 53%.
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Evans, Matt. "Analysing Payoff Salience in Coalition Allocation: Ministers, Deputy Ministers and Committee Chairs". Government and Opposition 55, nr 3 (29.11.2018): 490–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2018.39.
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AbstractResearch during the past six decades has found that parties joining coalition governments receive payoffs, in the form of government posts, in proportion to their coalition share. These findings, however, do not indicate which coalition partners receive payoffs that will most enable them to influence their preferred policies. This article joins recent qualitative analyses of coalition allocation and examines payoffs in terms of the salience of positions relative to the policy goals of the parties receiving them. The single-country study of eight Israeli governments from 1992 to 2015 integrates quantitative and qualitative analyses of coalition payoffs. This article contributes to coalition allocation research by expanding the scope of coalition payoffs to include junior ministers and committee chairs, and by distinguishing payoff outcomes for different party families. The results show an edge for formateur parties in obtaining policy-salient ministerial payoffs and an advantage to non-formateurs for policy-salient deputy (junior) minister positions.
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RODRIGUES, MATHEUS PIMENTEL, i ANDRE CURY MAIALY. "MEASURING DEFAULT RISK FOR A PORTFOLIO OF EQUITIES". International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 22, nr 01 (luty 2019): 1950012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024919500122.
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This work evaluates some changes proposed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision in regulating capital allocation in the trading book for equities following a company default. In the last decade, the committee designed some measures to account for the risk of a company default that the ten-day value-at-risk measure does not capture. The first and more conservative measure designed to capture the effect of defaults was the incremental risk charge. With time, this measure evolved into the default risk charge. We use a Merton model to compute the probability of default and compare this probability to simulated asset returns in order to compute the one-year value-at-risk and capture the risk of a company default. The analysis compares portfolios of Ibovespa companies and S&P 500 companies. Additionally, we propose a method to account for the correlation in the companies and compare the effects of the standard method of capital allocation to those of our models.
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Pukelsheim, Friedrich. "Zusammensetzung des Europäischen Parlaments und degressive Repräsentation". integration 47, nr 2 (2024): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0720-5120-2024-2-163.
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To date, there is no set procedure for the allocation of seats in the European Parliament. On a meeting of the Committee on Constitutional Affairs (AFCO) in February 2024, the establishment of a permanent system was addressed based on three proposals: the Power Compromise, the FPS Technique, and the Proportional Completion. This note reviews the criteria of Union law that must be observed and sketches the three proposals. As for the 2024–2029 parliament, the Power Compromise and the FPS Technique would generate allocations that are almost identical with the ad hoc composition decreed by the European Council in September 2023. The system of Proportional Completion allows for the introduction of transnational lists and thus would call for a comprehensive amendment of the European Electoral Act.
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Mahurkar, Arnav. "Distributive Politics of Medical Commodities: An Overview of Transaction Costs and State-Center Relations During India’s Second Wave". Health Economics and Management Review 2, nr 3 (2021): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/hem.2021.3-08.
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Using a transaction costs approach, this paper attempts to understand the allocation of medical oxygen during India’s second wave. In this background, it argues for transparency in allocative decision making of health related commodities. Through process tracing methodology, it focuses on the case of the oxygen crisis in Delhi at a time when different governments within India’s federal set-up accused each other of mismanagement of this commodity. The sequence of events in the case are traced to understand the grounds of allocative decisions during this emergency. Understanding the issue of allocation of medical resources becomes important as matters of life and death are often policitized. In this case, it appears that certain questionable decisions were made by both the Central government and the state government at the peak of the country’s second wave. However, the lack of availability of good quality data even hindered the judicial committee from reaching a conclusive opinion. As a result, this paper recommends the usage of Information Communication Technology tools for sharing health related information in real time. With ICT tools, the costs of exchanges made between Central and State governments could be lowered, which could in turn result in fairer or more optimal decisions. This paper argues that within India’s federal structure, if information costs are too high, factors other than efficiency and fairness can affect allocation of resources. It concludes by recommending the creation of centralized health supply data exchange can help increase allocative efficiencies. This study uses a process tracing method to answer its research question. Process tracing refers to an in-depth empirical analysis of causal processes in a real case. Through a standardized process of data acquisition and transmission with ICT tools, transaction costs made in exchanges between central and state governments could be lowered. By automating collection and transmission processes through tamper-proof devices, the integrity of the local level data will be maintained, and transaction costs will be lowered further. As a consequence, economic efficiency and fairness would underpin the allocation of the critical medical commodity.
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Ulya, Arikatul, Edi Waluyo i Petra Kristi Mulyani. "Implementation of Strengthening Governance of Cultural and Citizenship Literacy in Gunungpati State Kindergarten, Semarang City". International Journal of Research and Review 10, nr 10 (21.10.2023): 299–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20231037.
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This research is motivated by the importance of cultural and citizenship literacy (LBK) in PAUD institutions in Ulya's research (2023) especially in the dimensions of strengthening governance. This study aims to determine the implementation of LBK in PAUD Institutions in Gunungpati District and to determine the implementation of strengthening governance in Gunungpati State Kindergarten (TK N) Semarang City. This research uses a qualitative approach with secondary data study methods and case studies. The subjects in this research were educators at TK Negeri Gunungpati. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews, documents and triangulation. The data analysis technique uses analysis before, during using the Miles and Huberman model, and after in the field. The results showed that PAUD institutions in Gunungpati District had implemented LBK well with a percentage of 77% and TK Negeri Gunungpati had also implemented LBK from the dimension of time allocation or schedule; budget allocation; forming a school literacy team; school policy making; and strengthening the role of the school committee. Even though supervisors have not been involved in the school literacy team and the school committee has not collaborated with outside parties to support activities related to LBK. The limitations of this research are that this research is only limited to the implementation of the dimensions of strengthening cultural and citizenship literacy governance which is only carried out in Gunungpati N Kindergarten using participating educators. It is better if further research can look at the implementation of LBK governance from the school principal, supervisors, school committees, as well as students and within the scope of other schools, families and communities. Keywords: Implementation; Strengthening Governance; Cultural and Citizenship Literacy; Kindergarten
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Wei, Zhu, Wang Xinling i Li Haolan. "The Impact of the Reform of Factor Market-oriented Allocation on Grid Companies and Related Suggestions". E3S Web of Conferences 245 (2021): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124501013.
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On April 9, 2020, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued “Opinions on Building a More Complete System and Mechanism for Market-oriented Allocation of Factors” (hereinafter referred to as the Opinions), which made an important deployment to promote the five production factors to achieve a higher level of market-oriented allocation. As the key link of power allocation, Grid Companies are directly related to the economic and social development of the whole country. This paper analyzes the main contents of the opinions in detail, studies the impact of the opinions on power network planning and construction, labor employment, capital operation, technological innovation, the development of emerging industries of Grid Companies, and puts forward targeted suggestions to provide theoretical support for the development of Grid Companies.
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Ayre, Julie, Erin Cvejic, Carissa Bonner, Robin M. Turner, Stephen D. Walter i Kirsten J. McCaffery. "Accounting for health literacy and intervention preferences when reducing unhealthy snacking: protocol for an online randomised controlled trial". BMJ Open 9, nr 5 (maj 2019): e028544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028544.
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IntroductionHealth literacy describes the cognitive and social skills that individuals use to access, understand and act on health information. Health literacy interventions typically take the ‘universal precautions approach’ where all consumers are presented with simplified materials. Although this approach can improve knowledge and comprehension, its impact on complex behaviours is less clear. Systematic reviews also suggest that health literacy interventions underuse volitional strategies (such as planning) that play an important role in behaviour change. A recent study found volitional strategies may need to be tailored to the participant’s health literacy. The current study aims to replicate these findings in a sample of people who have diabetes and/or are overweight or obese as measured by body mass index, and to investigate the most effective method of allocating an action plan to a participant to reduce unhealthy snacking.Methods and analysisWe plan to recruit approximately 2400 participants at baseline. Participants will receive one of two alternative online action plans intended to reduce unhealthy snacking (‘standard’ action plan or ‘literacy-sensitive’ action plan). Participants will be randomised to a method of allocation to an action plan: (1) random allocation; (2) allocation by health literacy screening tool or (3) allocation by participant selection. Primary outcome is self-reported serves of unhealthy snacks during the previous month. Multiple linear regression will evaluate the impact of health literacy on intervention effectiveness. The analysis will also identify independent contributions of each action plan, method of allocation, health literacy and participant selections on unhealthy snacking at 4-week follow-up.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the University of Sydney Human Research Ethics Committee (2017/793). Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed international journals, conferences and updates with collaborating public health bodies (Diabetes New South Wales (NSW) & Australian Capital Territory (ACT), and Western Sydney Local Health District).Trial registration numberACTRN12618001409268; Pre-results.
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Grigoreva, Oxana Vladimirovna, i Nikita Olegovich Plyusnin. "Denmark: portfolio allocation in the government and parliament in the sphere of foreign policy". Contemporary Europe, nr 5 (15.12.2023): 84–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0201708323050078.
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The growing number of coalition governments in European states, many of which are minority governments, raises questions about how they form and function. The case of Denmark, where such governments have long become a part of political everyday life, helps to identify the main specific features of foreign policy portfolio allocation in the cabinet and the Danish parliament, since the Kingdom is one of the most successful examples of cooperation between the government and parliament in the field of foreign policy and defence. The article analyses the mechanisms and factors for the foreign policy portfolio allocation in 2001-2023, taking into account successive "blue" and "red" party blocs. Various theories of coalition formation and portfolio allocation in coalition governments are used to explain the distinguishing features of such allocation at a particular historical stage. In addition, general features of the development of the Danish political system at the present stage, the main trends and prospects for this development are considered. The authors conclude that when allocating portfolios in the government, preference is given to "junior" coalition partners, while in parliament - to "senior" ones; the opinion of the Danish People's Party is taken into account by coalition partners without the Party’s inclusion in the government; the choice is given in favour of popular and authoritative politicians constituting the foreign policy elite of Denmark over the past three decades; the functioning of the Foreign Policy Committee provides some kind of balance of power in the Danish Parliament on foreign and defence policy. It is also found out that the strategies for coalition formation and foreign policy portfolio allocation do not significantly differ between the "blue" and "red" party blocs, but follow the same logic aimed at maintaining the stability of the minority government’s position.
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Islam, Shafiqul, Khondker Mohammad Zobair, Cordia Chu, James C. R. Smart i Md Samsul Alam. "Do Political Economy Factors Influence Funding Allocations for Disaster Risk Reduction?" Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, nr 2 (20.02.2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14020085.
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Considering the importance of political economy in implementing Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR), this research investigates the significance of political economy in the distribution of DRR funding in Bangladesh. The study analysed data from self-reported surveys from 133 members of the sub-district level disaster management committee and government officials working with DRR. Employing the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method, we find that political economy factors explain 68% of the variance in funding allocations. We also show that four categories of political economy factors—power and authority, interest and incentives, institutions, and values and ideas—are significantly influential over the distribution of DRR funding across subdistricts of Bangladesh. Our findings offer important policy implications to reduce the potential risks surrounding political economy influences in fund allocation and advance climate finance literature.
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Shrestha, Sujata, Rajesh Kumar Rai, Pratik Bhattarai, Anup KC i Lokendra Adhikari. "Conservation Finance of Annapurna Conservation Area during COVID-19 Pandemic". Journal of Tourism & Adventure 6, nr 1 (19.09.2023): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jota.v6i1.58583.
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Annapurna Conservation Area is considered as the only self-financed protected area in Nepal. With the aim of investigating the impact caused by COVID-19 on income and expenditure of Annapurna Conservation Area and its conservation activities, the study gathered primary data by interviewing representatives from different committees related to tourism, youth, women, and local people. Similarly, audit reports from Conservation Area Management Committee offices and Annapurna Conservation Area headquarter office were taken as secondary data. The income reduced by 36 percent in the fiscal year 2076/77 as pandemic effects began and further plummeted by 96.5 percent after a complete lockdown and travel limitations in the following year. Consequently, expenses for thematic areas and budget allocation for different management committees significantly declined. As a result, the committees minimized but did not stop spending their budget on conservation initiatives. The study recommends diversifying the income sources of the conservation area through effective rangeland management, prioritization of forest-based enterprises, utilizing the available resources, and policy reform in tourism fee collection.
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Newdick, Christopher. "Resource Allocation in the National Health Service". American Journal of Law & Medicine 23, nr 2-3 (1997): 291–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s009885880001073x.
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In the United Kingdom, how does the National Health Service (NHS or the Service) respond to the pressures imposed on it by patients, doctors and the government? What techniques for distributing resources have been adopted for managing these pressures? Part I of this Article explains the administrative evolution of the NHS. Part II discusses the legal framework surrounding the allocation of resources throughout the different tiers of the NHS: (1) from the Secretary of State for Health to health authorities, (2) from health authorities to hospitals and general practitioners (GPs), and (3) from doctors to patients. Part III comments on the case for a standing committee to advise the government on matters of resource allocation within the NHS. It also considers the legal, political, and managerial contributions to the debate and, in particular, comments on the future of the traditional notion of clinical freedom.Section A describes the culture that developed within the NHS, Section B discusses the pressure for reform that developed during the 1980s, and Section C reviews the system of the “internal market” for health that was introduced in 1990.
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Puspita, Indah Lia, i Juni Awan. "Persistensi Laba, Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR), Mekanisme Corporate Governance (CG), Alokasi Pajak Antar Periode dan Kualitas Laba". Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Manajemen Malahayati 10, nr 1 (8.06.2021): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33024/jrm.v10i1.4849.
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This study aims to provide empirical evidence of the influence of the relationship between earnings persistence, dividend payout ratio (DPR), corporate governance mechanisms (consisting of the board of directors, board of commissioners and audit committee) and the allocation of inter-period taxes on the quality of earnings in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange in 2017-2019. The population in this study were 185 manufacturing companies listed on the IDX in 2017- 2019. The sample selection was done by using purposive sampling method, in order to obtain 132 research samples. The method used to analyze the data in this study is multiple linear regression with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program version 21. The results of the study indicate that earnings persistence (X1) has no significant effect on earnings quality, Dividend payout ratio (X2) has a significant effect on earnings quality, The board of directors (X3) has a significant effect on earnings quality, The board of commissioners (X4) has no significant effect on earnings quality, The audit committee (X5) has no significant effect on earnings quality, Inter-period tax allocation (X6) has no significant effect on earnings quality.
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Wu, Yonghong, i Daniel W. Williams. "The determinants of success in local earmarking: The case of new york city council discretionary expense grants". Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting & Financial Management 29, nr 3 (1.03.2017): 319–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbafm-29-03-2017-b002.
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AbstractThis paper examines the determinants of success in seeking local government earmarked funding. We compile data of the aggregate amounts of the New York City Council discretionary expense grants received or requested by each council district every year during 2011-2013. The statistical results show that the allocation of the expense grants are politically motivated with more earmark funds flowing to the districts council leaders and key committee chairpersons represent. Furthermore, constituents of key committee chairpersons are more successful in the earmarking process. Districts with larger African American population have lower success ratios possibly because they request significantly more earmarks. These empirical findings are consistent with anecdotal perceptions that earmarking is not substantially effective in meeting community need.
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Rosenberg-Yunger, Zahava R. S., i Ahmed M. Bayoumi. "EVALUATION CRITERIA OF PATIENT AND PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT IN RESOURCE ALLOCATION DECISIONS: A LITERATURE REVIEW AND QUALITATIVE STUDY". International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 33, nr 2 (2017): 270–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462317000307.
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Objectives: We developed specific evaluation criteria to assess patient and public involvement in resource allocation decisions in health care.Methods: We reviewed the literature from health and other sectors relevant to stakeholder involvement and conducted twenty-seven key informant interviews with stakeholders knowledgeable about patient and public involvement in Canadian drug resource allocation decisions. We used an inductive qualitative thematic approach to analyze the interviews with codes and categories developed directly from individuals’ interview transcripts.Results: Integrating respondents’ comments and the literature review, we identified nine evaluation criteria of patient and the public involvement in healthcare resource allocation decision making: clarity regarding rationale and roles of patient and public members, sufficient support, adequate representation of relevant views, fair decision-making processes, legitimacy of committee processes, adequate opportunity for participation, meaningful degree of participation, noticeable effect on decisions, and considerations of the efficiency of patient and public involvement.Conclusions: Our results will help to develop methods to evaluate patient and public involvement in healthcare decision making.
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ADAMS, DAVID P. "Wartime Bureaucracy and Penicillin Allocation: The Committee on Chemotherapeutic and Other Agents, 1942–44". Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 44, nr 2 (1989): 196–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/44.2.196.
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HEITSHUSEN, VALERIE. "The Allocation of Federal Money to House Committee Members: Distributive Theory and Policy Jurisdictions". American Politics Research 29, nr 1 (1.01.2001): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10.1177_1532673x01029001006.
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BAI, Lin, i Satoshi Nasu. "CCRC Common Facility Spatial Structure: A Study by Space Syntax". Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour Studies 2, nr 5 (24.10.2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v2i5.203.
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Spatial structure of 56 CCRCs(Continue Care Retirement Committee) which are mainly selected from AIA contest project are analyzed by using space syntax theory. Based on the result of common facility allocation and spatial centrality, three common facility allocation types and six route space integration models are defined. While the analysis shows the central allocation with route connected to a common facility being the highest integration place is the predominant spatial structure of common facility in US CCRCs, the combination of each common facility allocation type and route space integration models provide the fashion of common facility spatial structure in US CCRCs today.
Keywords: CCRC, common facility, common space, space syntax.
eISSN 2514-751X © 2017 The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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Cook, Andrew, Elke Streit i Gill Davage. "OP21 Involving Clinical Experts In Prioritizing Topics For Health Technology Assessment: A Randomized Controlled Trial". International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 33, S1 (2017): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462317001234.
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INTRODUCTION:The National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment (NIHR HTA) Programme commissions research to inform health services in the United Kingdom. The program prioritises research ideas from literature, guidelines, patients, and clinicians, to decide which research should be funded. We get clinical input on these ideas through (i) committees of clinicians and patients and (ii) seeking written advice from multiple clinicians — a refereeing process. Chairs of our committees suggested that the material we sent to clinicians was too extensive and the method of response too burdensome. We set out to determine whether reducing the information provided or burden of response would improve the engagement of clinicians with our processes, and hence improve the quality of advice provided, and the research available to health services.METHODS:We undertook a factorial randomized controlled trial (University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine Ethics Committee #8192, Trial registration: ACTRN12614000167662). Each participant was randomized to receive one of two types of material to comment on, and one of two means to respond. In the first allocation participants were randomised in a 1:1 ratio between receiving a ‘vignette’ (a briefing paper of up to ten pages discussing possible research = usual practice), or a ‘commissioning brief’ (a single page summarising the proposed research). In the second allocation, the method of response was randomized, between a structured form and free text email.RESULTS:We randomized 460 clinical experts, and 356 (77.4 percent) responded. The responses were graded for quality on a scale of 0 to 4 (higher scores better). Non-response was scored as 0. Analysis using ANOVA gave results of a structured response scoring .34 points (Standard Deviation, SD .36) over a freeform response (p = .02); and the commissioning brief as .04 points over a vignette (p = .81).CONCLUSIONS:This was the first randomized trial to take place inside the secretariat of the HTA program. The difference in quality score between the brief and the vignette allocations was neither statistically nor practically important. The difference between the structured and freeform response was statistically significant, and sufficiently large to be important in practice. While the choice of material to share with clinicians seems unimportant we have shown that it is worth sending a structured response form to experts.
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Sushkov, Andrey, i Stepan P’yankov. "Why were Nikolai Voznesensky and Mikhail Rodionov sentenced to death? Economic aspects of the “Leningrad affair” (part 1)". OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2023, nr 12-1 (1.12.2023): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202312statyi22.
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The article considers the economic aspects of the “Leningrad affair" and analyzes such accusations against the defendants as unreasonably inflated requests from the Leningrad leadership to the Soviet government for the allocation of financial and material resources. In addition, the accusations of the chairman of the USSR's State Planning Committee Nikolai Voznesensky in patronizing the interests of the leaders of Leningrad, promoting their economic needs in the government.
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Meadmore, Katie, Kathryn Fackrell, Alejandra Recio-Saucedo, Abby Bull, Simon D. S. Fraser i Amanda Blatch-Jones. "Decision-making approaches used by UK and international health funding organisations for allocating research funds: A survey of current practice". PLOS ONE 15, nr 11 (5.11.2020): e0239757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239757.
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Innovations in decision-making practice for allocation of funds in health research are emerging; however, it is not clear to what extent these are used. This study aims to better understand current decision-making practices for the allocation of research funding from the perspective of UK and international health funders. An online survey (active March-April 2019) was distributed by email to UK and international health and health-related funding organisations (e.g., biomedical and social), and was publicised on social media. The survey collected information about decision-making approaches for research funding allocation, and covered assessment criteria, current and past practices, and considerations for improvements or future practice. A mixed methods analysis provided descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages of responses) and an inductive thematic framework of key experiences. Thirty-one responses were analysed, representing government-funded organisations and charities in the health sector from the UK, Europe and Australia. Four themes were extracted and provided a narrative framework. 1. The most reported decision-making approaches were external peer review, triage, and face-to-face committee meetings; 2. Key values underpinned decision-making processes. These included transparency and gaining perspectives from reviewers with different expertise (e.g., scientific, patient and public); 3. Cross-cutting challenges of the decision-making processes faced by funders included bias, burden and external limitations; 4. Evidence of variations and innovations from the most reported decision-making approaches, including proportionate peer review, number of decision-points, virtual committee meetings and sandpits (interactive workshop). Broadly similar decision-making processes were used by all funders in this survey. Findings indicated a preference for funders to adapt current decision-making processes rather than using more innovative approaches: however, there is a need for more flexibility in decision-making and support to applicants. Funders indicated the need for information and empirical evidence on innovations which would help to inform decision-making in research fund allocation.
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Chinchilla S, Marco Vinicio. "Debilidades y oportunidades de los Programas de Gestión Ambiental Institucional en el sector público de Costa Rica: la perspectiva de los funcionarios". UNED Research Journal 6, nr 2 (3.09.2014): 261–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22458/urj.v6i2.633.
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Environmental management in the Costa Rican public sector: weaknesses and opportunities for Institutional Environmental Management Programs: officials perspective. Costa Rican public institutions are required to implement Institutional Environmental Management Programs (IEMP) to mitigate negative environmental impacts from their work. Each institution must formalize an IEMP Committee. I identified IEMP implementation weaknesses and opportunities, from the perception of the people in charge of this work. The survey included: a) an assessment of environmental management at the institution; (b) feasibility of the implementation; (c) constraints and solutions; and e) training needs. The survey was applied to 190 officials in 95 institutions; 38.3% of respondents believed that the work in their institution was good, with differences appearing among institution categories (Kruskal Wallis, H=16.6, p=0.0001); the decentralized public institutional sector was perceived more favorably in this regard. Respondents pointed out that the most easily implemented actions were those that involved changes of attitude and lower budgetary investment. The main constraints were: a) institutional officials see environmental issues as secondary (or without importance); (b) the coordination of the IEMP tasks are assigned to people who do not have time to do it; c) insufficient budgetary allocation. The need for work on training and awareness raising of officials was identified, along with the allocation of more economic resources, greater support from institutional authorities and the strengthening of the institutional Committee on the IEMP (both in terms of availability of effective labor time, as well as having specialists in environmental management that guide the actions of the committee). On issues of training, the highest level of interest was found in the following: sustainable public procurement, development of energy diagnostics, and integral waste management.