Rozprawy doktorskie: „Commercial business model”

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Sodeinde, Taiwo Oluseyi. "The development of a harmonised business model for South Africa and the SADC sub-region". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15190.

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Business rescue regime has led to dramatic improvement in ailing organizations across the globe in recent years. This work critically examines current South African business rescue option in the context of her role in the SADC sub-region. A robust model, taking into consideration, the legal, socio-cultural, political and economic diversity of SADC members is proposed. It is believed that the model can serve as a template for other regions in the continent.

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Berdal, Simon R. B. "Peculiarities of the Commercial Open Source business model : Case study of SugarCRM". Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for industriell økonomi og teknologiledelse, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-23485.

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This thesis investigates the so-called “single-vendor” commercial open source business model, as exemplified by SugarCRM. Within the conceptual framework of Actor-Network Theory, the case study is informed by three interrelated research questions. The first relates to the different stakeholders and their incentives for participation. The second concerns the strategies applied by the owning entity to meet these stakeholders’ expectations and needs, whilst at the same time safeguarding its own shareholders’ interests. Following, the last takes on friction points that could undermine the viability of SugarCRM’s business model, and corresponding strategies by the firm to avoid them.

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Wright, John Beric. "A computer software model for the assessment of commercial property loans". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49683.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The development of computer software is a complex and laborious task, further complicated by the fact that copyright legislation is vague, at best. If the software is being developed for commercial exploitation then speed to market is essential and, even then, there is little to prevent skilled competitors from copying or even cloning the model. During the course of the year 2000 a team of developers, c ompr t s tn g Phillip Munday, Chris Vietri and the writer, not only managed to develop and prototype a complex loan evaluation software model, but have carried it through to the initial stages of a phased implementation and are presently involved in negotiations to sell the intellectual property rights (IPR) to a firm which specialises in the marketing of software to the banking industry internationally. It is virtually impossible for a single person to develop a model of this nature as it requires a comprehensive skills asset, including broad-based financial knowledge, specialised banking skills as well as a sound knowledge of information systems architecture, not to mention software p rogramming skills. The implementation and subsequent sale of the model further required comprehensive project management skills as well as the human resources understanding required for the substantial change management involved. Each of these 3 parties brought not only their particular exp ert i se to the table, but also a holistic view of the final shap e and form of the model. As is the case with projects of this magnitude numerous difficulties were encountered. These were, however, all overcome, via a series of iterations, and the model was introduced to the business on schedule. The implementation itself was fraught with difficulty, but the combination of a phased approach, together with comprehensive training and support, has led to the acceptance of the model by business users. There remain some technical difficulties which require to be resolved, particularly the disappointing performance of the model over a wide area network and also its integration with existing systems, but the model itself has exceeded expectations. It is simple to use, allows for a comprehensive and focused loan assessment and offers the ability to perform sophisticated sensitivity analysis in a fraction of a second. The model is now in its final shape and has been formally named Version 1.0, yet a great deal of work remains. We, as a bank, are not ideally suited to become purveyors of software and need to expedite the transfer of the IPR to a neutral party, to avoid local banks who might wish to purchase it from viewing our involvement with suspicion. Once this has been done, and the final phase of implementation concluded in March 2001, we will be able to move on to the exciting task of creating derivatives of the model, aimed at meeting the needs of other elements of the industry.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die ontwikkeling van rekenaar-sagteware is 'n lang en intensiewe proses. Hierdie proses word voorts bemoeilik deur onvoldoende en ongetoetsde patentreg-wetgewing. Wanneer die doel van sagtewareontwikkeling winsbejag is, is leweringspoed na gebruikers van die uiterste belang aangesien menige mededinger die vermoë het om 'n model na te boots en te verbeter. Gedurende die afgelope jaar het 'n ontwikkelingspan bestaande uit Phillip Munday, Chris Vietri en die skrywer 'n werksmodel van 'n gesofistikeerde, krediet-evalueri ng sagteware modelontwikkel. Nie net is hierdie model deurgevoer tot 'n gefasseerde, interne implementering nie; dit is nou vêr genoeg ontwikkel om die intellektuele eiendomsreg te verkoop aan 'n groep wat toegespits is op die bemarking van bankgerigte sagteware op 'n wêreldwye basis. Dit is bykans onmoontlik vir een persoon om 'n soortgelyke model te ontwikkel weens die omvattende finansiëIe - en bankpraktyk kennis wat vereis word. Verdere vereistes is 'n deeglike kennis van sagteware argitektuur en programmering. Die implimentering en verkoop van die program vereis ook wye kundigheid op die gebiede van projekbestuur en vernuwingsbestuur weens die potensiële strukturele veranderinge in 'n nuwe gebruiker. Elkeen van die 3 partye het benewens sy eie kundigheid ook 'n oorsigtige bydrae gelewer tot die finale model. Soos met elke projek van hierdie omvang was daar groot struikelblokke. Die uitdagings is oorkom deur menige probeerslae en die model is betyds aan die besigheid bekendgestel. Die implimentering was moeiliker as verwag maar deur 'n gefasseerde proses en omvattende opleiding en ondersteuning is aanvaarding deur gebruikers verseker. Daar is enkele, onopgelosde tegniese probleme soos die swak werkverrigting oor 'n wye' area-netwerk en die moeilike integrasie met bestaande stelsels. Desnieteenstaande het die model die meeste verwagtinge oortref. Dit is maklik om te gebruik, dit verseker deeglike krediet-evaluering en dit skep die geleentheid om veelvuldige sensitiwiteitsanalises tegelykertyd te doen. Die modeI is nou in sy finale weergawe en is bekend as " Version 1.0 " maar dit vereis nog heelwat skaafwerk. As 'n bank is ons nie geskik om sagteware te voorsien nie en daarom moet die verkoop van die intellektuele eiendomsreg na 'n tussenparty bespoedig word. Dit sal verhoed dat ons bank se betrokkenheid met agterdog deur plaaslike banke bejeën word. Wanneer dit bewerkstellig is en die finale implimenteringsfase is voltooi teen Maart 2001, kan ons beweeg na die opwindende taak om afgeleide modelle te ontwikkel wat sal voldoen aan wyer sektor-behoeftes.

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Hua, Dong. "Nordea Bank versus Industrial and Commercial Bank of China : A comparison of internet banking adopting". Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Business and Economic Studies, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-6514.

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Banking can be viewed as one of the most traditional and sophisticated sectors in the economy and business markets. However, over the past decades, developments in technology has been changing dramatically the way that retail banks conduct their business and this change has also been accelerated due to the introduction and evolution of internet banking. The aim of this thesis is to get a better understanding about what factors are important to have impact on the internet banking implementing.

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Mosola, Moeketsi Emmanuel. "The business of sport : towards a viable commercial model for the management of professional football in Africa". Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/62652.

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Sport plays a big part in the lives and psyche of not only South Africans and the world's citizens, but also those of the corporate world. As the era of professional sports grows and gains a foothold in more and more sporting codes, so the amount of money that is being spent is growing as well. Humphreys and Ruseski (2009) recognise the challenges confronting economists in both defining and measuring the size and scope of the sport industry. According to Chalip (2006) the development of the recreation and sport management field requires two complementary streams: one that tests the relevance and application of theories derived from other disciplines, such as finance and economics, and one that is grounded in sport phenomena. Linking economic and financial theory to the context of the sport industry, and specifically professional football, to try and understand this most popular and universal of activities from a business perspective in Africa, is the basis for this study. Professional football clubs as an element of the South African sport industry depend largely on four main sources of revenue: sponsorships, gate revenue, television and broadcasting rights, and merchandising. The challenges these professional football clubs face include rising ticket prices; corporate sponsorship facing economic and regulatory concerns; broadcasters facing a great challenge in integrating social media into their offerings; and rising player costs and talent development with long lags before they pay off. As a result professional football clubs are increasingly finding it difficult to balance the needs of stakeholders and be commercially viable at the same time. It is this new reality reflected by the challenges mentioned above, that has caused many organised professional football clubs to look beyond the traditional financing concepts and strategies that have been used and to supplement them with innovative approaches. It is postulated in this research that professional football clubs in Africa are required to seek out scarce resources from a wide range of possible revenue sources and to use their knowledge of sport and financing skills to ensure that the scarce revenue sources are allocated in such a way as to yield optimum satisfaction for their fans and commercial profits for their club owners. Further, failure to do so by these professional football clubs in Africa has resulted in these clubs not being commercially viable and lagging behind Europe in so far as the commercialisation of professional football is concerned. The reality that South African and most African professional football clubs are not financially viable and thus do not yield healthy returns on investment for their owners, resulted in formulating two research questions to guide this study: 1. Why are African professional football clubs not commercially viable? 2. Can commercially relevant, practical, measurable and consistent variables from successful European professional football clubs be transferred to develop a viable business model for the effective management of professional football in Africa? This study followed a mixed-method design. The data collection also involved gathering both quantitative numeric information (three-year financial records of leagues and clubs in Europe and Africa) as well as qualitative text information (semi-structured interviews and professional football expert research document analysis). The procedure for both qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis was conducted rigorously. The study began with a detailed financial analysis of leagues and clubs in Europe and Africa in order to generalise results to a population and then focuses, in the second phase, on detailed qualitative, semi-structured interviews to collect detailed views from professional football experts. Why is the African professional football business model not commercially viable? From the collective results obtained it became clear that the answer to this important study question is both complex and multi-layered. Triangulation protocol was used determine reliability and consistency of the results.
Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Biokinetics, Sport and Leisure Sciences
DPhil
Unrestricted

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Cochrane, David Alan, i david cochrane@au ey com. "Maintaining Environmental Values in a Commercial Environment - a Framework for Commercial Development in Victoria's National Parks". RMIT University. Graduate School of Business, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080220.163331.

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This research has focussed on the development of a commercial business model (CBM) for providing tourism and support service based commercial activities in Victoria's national parks which also allowed for the protection of the parks natural values. National parks are vital if we as a nation are to retain our natural heritage - but the public sector land stewards of these important assets are facing increasing funding and user pressures. The result is a growing focus on the commercialisation of our national parks to provide services and generate the revenue required to maintain these assets. However, this has resulted in the exacerbation of a long existing conflict - these commercial operators are primarily focus on the achievement of a commercial return, while the land stewards' main responsibility is in the protection of the natural values of these assets. In completing this project an abductive research approach (using grounded theory) has been adopted. Specifically, the research activities undertaken included data collection via a number of techniques including stakeholder interviews, detailed examination of existing commercial arrangements, literature research on international approaches and models, development of a suggested commercial business model based on a synthesise of the research outcomes and, finally, obtaining user feedback. The use of the various data sources, and subsequent sourcing of user feedback facilitated the triangulation of the research results. The findings from this research challenge a number of the practices currently adopted in the structuring of commercial activities suggesting that these practices are inhibiting the quality of the service being provided to the national park visitor along with the level of protection being afforded to the parks natural values. The resulting CBM provides park managers with a framework for identification and structuring of commercial business activities, practical guidance on the actions required in the completion of a concession process and identification of a number of the relevant issues which need to be considered and addressed in establishing and managing a national park concession. The CBM has been developed specifically for application within Victoria's national parks (based on a public/private sector relationship). The output will also provide guidance on methods for embedding natural values on public/private sector relationships in other settings.

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Strydom, Jannie Daniel. "Share-milking as an alternative business model for the successful establishment of black commercial dairy farmers in South Africa". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60861.

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South African milk producers supply around 8.4 million litres of milk per day. The monetary value of this supply results in a contribution of approximately 6.7% to the gross value of agricultural production. In 2015 producer income was estimated at R14 900 million with an investment capital of around R32 500 million. In South Africa the dairy industry is the fourthlargest of all agricultural industries, creating approximately 20 000 sustainable job opportunities, excluding up and downstream opportunities (MPO, 2016). Both small and large businesses are affected by global trends that are the driving forces behind major changes in the dairy industry. Agri-businesses and farmers are exploring methods to change their strategies, business models and production systems to be able to sustain their competitiveness in the global market. Entry barriers to the global markets and local industry are capital intensive, costly and complex (OABS, 2014). In South Africa the tendency exists where the larger commercial dairy farms are expanding by incorporating smaller farming units. This tendency exists in most countries around the world. This trend will certainly increase the entry barriers for establishing black commercial dairy farmers, despite the pressure of transformation in South Africa. In fact, they would be at greater risk of business failure compared to their more established counterparts in the formal sector due to the lack of access to critical resources and relevant experience. Therefore, alternative business models should be evaluated and implemented to assist with the establishment of black commercial dairy farmers in South Africa. Kirsten and Sartorius (2002) referred to the formation of partnerships between small-scale farmers and thereby increasing their marketing power and enabling them to compete against large-scale farmers. These partnerships would allow the smaller farmers to enjoy the same benefits that their larger counterparts enjoy, as well as reduce managerial inputs required and transaction costs. Milk SA (2014) refers to various success stories of transformation in the primary dairy industry. All of these success stories are based on share-milking agreements, hence the research on how share-milking contributes to the successful establishment of black commercial dairy farmers. The availability of suitable land for dairy production where emerging farmers can be established is also becoming a major constraint. Suitable coastal land will become exhausted; therefore, there is a need for alternative models to establish emerging farmers. Both communal land and privately owned land are currently being used for share-milking projects. The primary dairy industry is not excluded from the proposal stating that all commercial farmers should cede 50% of their land to farmworkers; hence Agri SA's proposal and presentation to the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform (DRDLR). According to Agri SA (2015), proposals should: ● "comply with the Constitution of South Africa; ● give full recognition to economic and market actualities; ● not necessarily be dependent on state support; while ● utilising the potential of private-public partnerships as far as possible; ● adhere to the NDP framework" (Agri SA, 2015). Agri SA (2015) referred to the share-milking scheme at Reebok Rant as an alternative to the 50/50 proposal from Government.
Dissertation (MSc (Agric))--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development
MSc (Agric)
Unrestricted

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Aslan, Ercan. "A Cots-software Requirements Elicitation Method From Business Process Models". Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/260208/index.pdf.

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In this thesis, COTS-software requirements elicitation, which is an input for RFP in software intensive automation system&rsquo
s acquisition, is examined. Business Process Models are used for COTS-software requirements elicitation. A new method, namely CREB, is developed to meet the requirements of COTS-software. A software intensive system acquisition of a military organization is used to validate the method.

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Bhattacharya, Namrata. "A model to investigate the impact of flooding on the vulnerability of value of commercial properties". Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/550205.

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Flooding has the potential to have significant impact on the value of properties depending on the level of inherent vulnerability. Experts argue that it is not the actual risk but the perception of risk among property holders that influences vulnerability of value. The hypothesis that changing perception of flood risk could make property value vulnerable in the market is the main focus of the research. This dimension of research has received very low attention in commercial property literature. The existing knowledge base of flooding and property value reveals that focus has been largely associated with residential properties. Conceptual understanding of the extent and scale of the effect of flooding on the vulnerability of property value of commercial properties would be worthwhile for relevant stakeholders. The research methodology follows a quantitative approach with sequential application: of literature review, conceptual model generation, data collection from primary and secondary sources with remote questionnaire survey of selected study areas in the UK. The conceptual model was operationalised using analysis and interpretation of the collected data and finally cross validated with secondary data gained from commercial real estate experts . The strength of this research lies in the conceptualisation of the subject matter of property value in the context of flood vulnerability. This work provides innovative conceptual insight towards business vulnerability and vulnerability of value. The variables contributing towards vulnerability were hierarchically ranked using both collected data and deductive methods. The patterns of impact and recovery analysis emphasized that within the commercial sector indirect effects of flooding should be given equal importance with direct damages. The implication of perception on the vulnerability of property value showed a slightly different picture from business vulnerability in the chosen study areas when differentiated based on flood experience. In a nutshell the study reflected that the commercial property sector does not take flooding as one of their priorities. This is in part due to differential attitude towards risk of the population within the flood plain based on their knowledge and experience of flooding. The perception of stakeholders towards vulnerability of value can change with increasing magnitude and severity of floods and it is possible that the implications on market value of commercial properties will be visible in the future. Practitioners and researchers will find this study useful in developing an understanding of the vulnerability of commercial property value in the context of changing flood risk.

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Park, Ju Dong. "Impact of the Panama Canal Expansion in Global Supply Chain: Optimization Model for U.S. Container Shipment". Diss., North Dakota State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/24878.

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The transportation of containerized shipments will continue to be a topic of interest in the world because it is the primary method for shipping cargo globally. The primary objective of this study is to analyze the impact of the Panama Canal Expansion (PCE) on the trade flows of containerized shipments between the United States and its trade partners for US exports and imports. The results show that the Panama Canal Expansion would affect the trade flows of US imports and exports significantly. The major findings are as follows: (1) the PCE affects not only US domestic trade flows, but also international trade flows since inland transportation and ocean transportation are interactive, (2) delay cost and toll rate at the Panama Canal do not have a significant impact on trade volume and flows of US containerized shipments after the Panama Canal Expansion mainly because delay cost and toll rate at the canal account for a small portion of the total transportation costs after the PCE, (3) West Coast ports would experience negative effects and East Coast ports would experience positive effects from the PCE, while Gulf ports would experience no effects from the PCE, and (4) an optimal toll rate is inconclusive in this study because changes in toll rate at the canal account for a small portion of the total transportation costs and the PNC competes with shipments to/from Asia shipping to the US West.
Mountain Plains Consortium (MPC)
U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT)

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Budak, Mehmet, i Lukas Andersson. "Hur ska fastighetsägare bemöta hyresgästersframtida behov? : En studie avseende digitalisering och desspåverkan på kontorslokaler". Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-213838.

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Syftet med arbetet har varit att undersöka hur digitalisering påverkar olika företag och därmed upplysa Fastighets AB L E Lundberg om deras befintliga hyresgäster får förändrade beteenden inom verksamheten som på sikt kan leda till förändrade lokalbehov. Detta för att informera Fastighets AB L E Lundberg om de behöver se över affärsmodellen med långa avtalstider som kan bli ohållbart i framtiden. Studiens resultat bygger på svar från intervjupersoner som representerar de olika företagen som hyr kommersiella lokaler av Fastighets AB L E Lundberg. Totalt intervjuades nio företag, varav ett företag intervjuades över elektroniskt källa. Intervjuerna gick ut på att intervjupersonerna fick svara på en enkät som innehöll frågor om ”digitalisering” då – och nutid samt ”fastighet” då – och nutid. Resultatet visar att alla företag är medvetna om begreppet digitalisering och har ändrat någon del av verksamheten åt det digitala hållet. En del företag, beroende på verksamhet, har påverkats mer internt medan andra företag har påverkats mer externt mot kund och omvärld. Enligt resultatet kommer digitalisering att påverka företag i allt större utsträckning i framtiden och ställa högre krav på fastighetsägarens affärsmodell med långa kontraktstider.
The purpose of the study has been to investigate how digitalization affects different companies and thus inform Fastighets AB L E Lundberg if their existing tenants get changed behaviors within the business which in the long term can lead to changed facillity needs. This is to inform Fastighets AB L E Lundberg if they need to revise the business model with long contractual periods that may become unsustainable in the future. The study's results are based on responses from interviewees who represent the various companies that rent commercial premises by Fastighets AB L E Lundberg. A total of nine companies were interviewed, of which a company was interviewed via electronic source. The interviews suggested that the interviewees answer a questionnaire that contained questions about "digitalization" then - and presently as well as "real estate" then - and presently. The result shows that all companies are aware of the concept of digitalization and have changed some part of the business in the digital way. Some companies, depending on their business, have been affected more internally while other companies have been affected more externally to customers and environment. According to the result digitalization will affect companies to an increasing extent in the future and impose higher demands on the property owner's business model with long contract times.

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Warodell, Emelie, i Victor Lindholm. "Circular economy – the way to a more sustainable urban environment? A study of how conversion and a circular economic business model can benefit the aspects of sustainability". Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-190344.

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Today there is a global growing discourse regarding sustainability and the need for ecological responsibility. This in combination with the high level of shortage of accommodation on the market in Sweden and Stockholm, which is the geographically limitation of this study. One strategy to handle the shortage of accommodation and the high vacancy levels is property development through conversion where the change of use is in focus. This study is an exploratory study were the aim is to investigate how the existing property portfolio can be used to benefit the aspects of sustainability by conversion and a circular economic business model. There is also a goal to deepen the understanding of the incentives and market strategies in relation to conversion. The chosen method for this research is to use an abductive research method to ascertain the possibility for changes along projects’ life-time. Qualitative data have been collected with semistructured interviews as the main source where the respondents have been projects managers, and other essential actors, on a few selected companies as well as influential actors within the real estate sector. The three dimensions of sustainability, ecological, social and economic, have different influential roles depending on which explaining model that are studied. Also, there could be a ‘fourth dimension’ of sustainability, the cultural dimension, which widens the perspective. Further, the need for an environmental change have led to the birth of another economic model; circular economy. Here the traditional linear economic model is challenged with a model where recycling together with re-usage are in focus. Conversion is a strategy that is more frequently used now then for example 20 years ago, but the concept could have a larger role in today’s society. This could be seen as a circular economic approach for the construction, and/or real estate, industry, in which there have been investigations whether this new economic business model could have a bright future. Although, the actors on today’s market do believe that the traditional linear economic model is a better fit since it provides them with a larger profit in a shorter amount of time. Furthermore, the actors do believe that a circular economic business model is a good approach, but it is unfortunately not economically defendable in a large scale today. Since the market is full of uncertainties there are few actors that are willing to step into the world of conversion.
Diskussionen gällande hållbarhet och ett ekologiskt ansvar är idag ett stort globalt samtalsämne. Detta i kombination med den stora bostadsbristen som råder i Sverige och i Stockholm, för vilken är den geografiska avgränsningen i denna studie. En strategi för att lösa bostadsbristen och höga vakansnivåer är med hjälp av fastighetsutveckling genom konvertering där ändrande av användningsområde står i fokus. Denna studie är utforskande med syftet att undersöka hur det går att använda sig av det befintliga fastighetsbeståndet för att gynna hållbarhetsaspekterna med hjälp av konvertering och en cirkulärekonomisk affärsmodell. Målet är också att få en djupare förståelse för incitamenten och marknadsstrategier i relation till konvertering. Vi har valt att använda en abduktiv undersökningsmetod. Kvalitativ data har samlats genom semistrukturerade intervjuer som huvudkälla där respondenterna har varit projektledare, och andra viktiga aktörer, på diverse utvalda företag såväl som inflytelserika aktörer inom fastighetsbranschen. De tre hålbarhetsdimensionerna, ekologiska, sociala och ekonomiska, har olika inflytelserika roller beroende på vilken förklarande modell som studeras. Det skulle också kunna finnas en fjärde hållbarhetsdimension, den kulturella dimensionen, som breddar perspektivet. Vidare så har behovet för en miljömässig förändring lett till skapandet av en annan ekonomisk modell; cirkulärekonomi. Här utmanas den traditionella linjärekonomiska modellen av en modell där återvinning och återanvändning står i fokus. Konvertering är en strategi som allt mer frekvent används idag än för exempelvis 20 år sedan, men detta koncept skulle kunna ha en ännu större roll i dagens samhälle. Detta skulle kunna ses som ett cirkulärekonomiskt tillvägagångssätt för bygg- och/eller fastighetsbranschen där det funnits undersökningar gällande om denna nya ekonomiska affärsmodell skulle kunna ha en ljus framtid till mötes. Dock tror dagens aktörer på marknaden att den traditionella linjärekonomiska modellen passar dem bättre då den är mer ekonomiskt lönsam på en kortare tid. Vidare tycker dessa aktörer att den cirkulärekonomiska affärsmodellen är ett bra tillvägagångssätt men att den tyvärr inte är ekonomiskt försvarbar i en större utsträckning idag. Eftersom marknaden är full av osäkerhet finns det enbart få aktörer som är villiga att ta klivet in i konverteringsvärlden.

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Okorie, Chijioke Ifeoma. "Open and freemium music business models in Africa - copyright and competition consequences". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28396.

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This thesis considers how South Africa and Nigeria can apply copyright and competition laws to regulate the open and freemium music business model that involves the use of copyright-protected music content to generate revenue from advertising. To enhance their competitiveness and escape copyright infringement liability, the firms that deploy the business model impose contractual terms to explain their use of protected content and direct the actions of platform users. Using case law from the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), the thesis argues that although these terms result in free and wider distribution of copyright content, some aspects of their implementation may be unaligned with the regulatory framework. The thesis finds that these misalignments exist because the non-payment of royalties to copyright owners and their exclusion from revenue-sharing arrangements may adversely affect their viability of copyright owners as small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) while their inclusion necessitates the imposition of restrictions that may prevent innovative uses of copyright products. Further, the thesis finds that the misalignments are caused by legal uncertainties regarding the exclusive rights of the copyright holders and the scope of their limitations and exceptions, as well as unavailability of competition law enforcement criteria that protect the economic freedom of SMEs including copyright owners. Because of the copyright covering the music content and its use in the economic activity of advertising, which is regulated by competition law, the thesis argues for aligning the business model with the regulatory frameworks. Further, the thesis argues that by ratifying international copyright treaties in ways that provide exclusive rights limited by compulsory licensing, and by amending and enforcing competition law to recognise unconscionable conduct as xiv anticompetitive, copyright and competition laws may be used to regulate the open and freemium music business model. By adopting a South African and Nigerian perspective and proposing competition law solutions, this study aims at filling a gap in the academic literature, which does not appear so far to have attempted a pro-Africa assessment of the business model and/or considered the complementary role of competition law in copyright-related industries in specific jurisdictions.

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Kavaliauskas, Aurimas. "Komercinės paskirties pastatų ūkio valdymo efektyvumo didinimas taikant Jungtinės Karalystės patirtį". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130117_160453-40715.

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Baigiamajame magistro darbe nagrinėjamos Lietuvos komercinės paskirties pastatų ūkio valdymo efektyvumo didinimo galimybės taikant Jungtinės Karalystės patirtį. Atlikta bendroji nagrinėjamų šalių nekilnojamojo turto sąvokos analizė ir komercinės paskirties nekilnojamojo turto klasifikavimo palyginimas. Apžvelgta abiejų šalių bendroji ekonominė šalies situacija ir jos prognozės, kurios daro tiesioginę įtaką šalių komercinės paskirties pastatų ūkio valdymo sektoriams. Išanalizuota pastatų ūkio valdymo kaip naujos verslo sferos atsiradimo kilmė, raida ir samprata globaliu lygmeniu, Europoje ir atskirai Lietuvoje. Išnagrinėtas šiuolaikinis pastatų ūkio valdymo sektorius Lietuvoje ir Jungtinėje Karalystėje, apžvelgta kitų Europos šalių šio sektoriaus situacija ir plėtros tendencijos. Baigiamajame darbe atlikta SSGG analizė pastatų ūkio valdymo sektoriaus situacijai Lietuvoje ir Jungtinėje Karalystėje nustatyti, taip pat išsiaiškinti perspektyvas. Atlikus situacijos tyrimą buvo pasiūlytas Jungtinėje Karalystėje plačiai taikomas Endsley situacijos suvokimo (SS) modelis, kurį praktiškai būtų galima integruoti į Lietuvos komercinės paskirties pastatų ūkio valdymo rinką. Šis modelis veikia sprendimų paramos sistemų principu ir gali būti realizuojamas naudojant sprendimų paramos kompiuterinius programinius paketus. Siūlomas modelis Lietuvos pastatų ūkio valdytojams gali pagerinti jų įmonių veiklos efektyvumą. Baigiamojo magistro darbo pabaigoje pateikiamos autoriaus išvados ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
The thesis examines Lithuanian commercial facilities management efficiency opportunities through the United Kingdom experience. Done common in the countries of real estate analysis of the concept and commercial real estate classification comparison. An overview of the two countries the economic situation of the country and its forecasts, which have a direct impact on the countries of commercial facility management sectors. The impact of facilities management as a new business area appearance of the origin, evolution and the concept of a global level, European and Lithuania. Examination of contemporary facilities management sector in Lithuania and the United Kingdom, other European countries, an overview of the sector situation and trends. This work includes a SWOT analysis of the facilities management sector, the situation in Lithuania and the United Kingdom to determine and ascertain prospects. After an investigation of the situation have been offered in the UK is widely used Endsley situational awareness (SA) model, which in practice can be integrated into the Lithuanian commercial facilities management market. This model is based decision support systems in principle and can be realized using the decision support computer software packages. The proposed model Lithuania facility managers can improve their business performance. Of this master thesis ends with the author's conclusions and recommendations. The paper consists of six parts: an introduction, four chapters (three... [to full text]

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He, Jianyi. "THE COMMERCIAL IMPACT ON BUSINESS MODELS OF MEDICAL IMAGING SOLUTIONS THROUGH DATA-ANALYTICAL METHODOLOGIES". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1620233525109266.

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Arellano, Edwin U. "Modelo integral en la enseñanza de redacción comercial en Español". Connect to resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/1632.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2008.
Title from screen (viewed on July 7, 2008). Department of World Languages and Cultures, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Kimmaree Murday, Nancy Newton, Marta García García. Includes vitae. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-70).

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Kumar, Niraj. "A genetic algorithm based approach for air cargo loading problem". Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38576818.

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Ellenfors, Erik, i Hedvig Waller. "Increased profitability by offering more flexibility? : Flexible workspace from the perspective of a commercial real estate owner". Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-230974.

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This study aims to examine flexible workspaces from the perspective of a real estate owner. The research questions include how flexible workspaces will develop in Stockholm, how well the provision of flexible workspaces fit into the business model for real estate companies and how they can accommodate solutions on flexibility in their portfolio. The method used consists of two parts, firstly a case study performed on the London based real estate company British Land who have developed a concept for flexible workspace called Storey. The second part consisted of eleven interviews with representatives from real estate companies in Stockholm. By combining these two parts, a sound basis for mapping the success factors for how to extend a business model by offering flexible workspaces along with an appreciation of its future development could be made. The findings include the real estate companies’ perception that increased levels of flexibility will be a common sight in the real estate landscape in the future. There are however several different approaches on which strategy to choose in order to offer concepts for flexibility in an office portfolio, all depending on the organisational structure and business model for the individual real estate company. The contribution of this study is therefore that real estate companies can gain a number of benefits by offering flexibility in their portfolio.
Studien ämnar till att undersöka koncept för flexibla arbetsplatser ur ett fastighetsägarperspektiv. Forskningsfrågorna behandlar hur väl det passar en fastighetsägares affärsmodell att tillhandahålla olika koncept för flexibla arbetsplatser och kontor i sin fastighetsportfölj och hur de i sådana fall skall gå till väga, samt hur utvecklingen av detta arbetssätt kommer att emottas på Stockholms-marknaden. Undersökningens metod består av två delar. Först har en fallstudie utförts på det Londonbaserade fastighetsbolaget British Land som själva utvecklat ett koncept för flexibla arbetsplatser, kallat Storey. Därefter har elva intervjuer med representanter från fastighetsbolag i Stockholm genomförts. Detta har skapat ett solitt fundament för att kartlägga de framgångsfaktorer som ligger till grund för hur en fastighetsägare kan utöka sin affärsmodell för att erbjuda flexibla arbetsytor. Resultaten pekar på att flexibla arbetsplatser kommer att fortsätta att växa på Stockholms-marknaden och bli ett vanligare arbetssätt för både små och stora företag. Det finns sedan ett antal strategier en fastighetsägare kan välja för att erbjuda sådana koncept i sitt fastighetsbestånd, vilket är beroende på organisationsstrukturen och affärsmodellen i det enskilda fastighetsbolaget. Forskningsbidraget i studien är bland annat att det finns en mängd fördelar som en fastighetsägare kan dra nytta av genom att tillhandahålla koncept för ökad flexibilitet i sin fastighetsportfölj.

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Forzelius, Anna, i Maria Skogeryd. "Kan Lean Healthcare vara den bit som saknas i den svenska sjukvårdens pussel? : En studie av kommersiella modeller i svensk sjukvård". Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-12131.

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Bakgrund

Svensk sjukvård har idag bland de bästa behandlingsresultaten i Europa, men trots det förs diskussionen om sjukvården ofta i negativa ordalag. I ett försök att förbättra synen på verksamheten och bli mer effektiva har sjukvården i Sverige ofta använt sig av kommersiella

modeller, modellerna har dock behövt anpassas för att fungera i sjukvårdens miljö. En av de senaste kommersiella modellerna som nu införs i den svenska sjukvården är Lean Healthcare,som är sjukvårdens version av Toyotas produktionsfilosofi Lean Production. En stor del av

tidigare forskning på området har behandlat Lean Production men lite finns att tillgå som handlar om Lean Healthcare. Den här studien är ett bidrag till att utöka kunskapen om Lean Healthcare i Sverige.

Syfte

Syftet med den här studien är att beskriva hur Lean-filosofin fungerar i den svenska sjukvården samt att göra en jämförelse mellan Lean Production och andra kommersiella modeller som tidigare har införts i den svenska sjukvården.

Genomförande

Med hjälp av intervjuer på tre svenska sjukvårdsenheter har en fallstudie med fokus på Lean Production och Lean Healthcare genomförts.

Resultat

Resultatet av studien visar att Lean Healthcare, i likhet med tidigare modeller, har krävt anpassningar för att fungera i sjukvårdens kontext. Det har bland annat visat sig i att de undersökta enheterna endast har infört vissa delar av filosofin.

Background

Swedish healthcare has today among the best treatment results in Europe, despite that the discussion about healthcare in Sweden is often pursued in negative terms. In an attempt to enhance the opinion about the organization and try to become more efficient, Swedish

healthcare has often used commercial models, however, the models has needed adjustments to function in the healthcare environment. One of the latest models that now are implemented in Swedish healthcare is Lean Healthcare which is the healthcare version of Toyota´s production

philosophy Lean Production. Much of the previous research has focused on Lean Production but little is to be found about Lean Healthcare. This study is a contribution to extend the knowledge about Lean Healthcare in Sweden.

Aim

The aim with this study is to describe how the Lean philosophy functions in Swedish healthcare and to compare Lean Production with other commercial models that earlier have been implemented in Swedish healthcare.

Completion

Through interviews on three healthcare units in Sweden a case study has been conducted with focus on Lean Production and Lean Healthcare.

Findings

The findings of this study show that Lean Healthcare, in resemblance with earlier commercial models, has needed adjustments to function in the healthcare context. It has also shown that the examined units only have implemented some of the parts of the philosophy.

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Jimenez, Schiattino Juan Francisco, Jurado Guillermo Favio Rosado, Lozano Sandra Paola Saavedra, Ortiz Orlando Martín Villa i Pérez Gabriela Harumi Umezawa. "Plan de negocios para la introducción de un nuevo modelo de servicio de laboratorio digital de confección de prótesis dentales". Master's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653239.

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La presente investigación evalúa la viabilidad de un nuevo servicio de laboratorio dental digital con tecnología 3D para el diseño y confección de prótesis dentales como propuesta para reducir los dolores actuales de los clientes, en este caso odontólogos y técnicos dentales; brindando asesoría y soporte técnico a lo largo del proceso.  Los servicios existentes en el mercado actual ofrecen un producto trabajado bajo un procedimiento artesanal que, al involucrar varios pasos, más de un actor dentro del proceso y varios mini procesos manuales tanto en la fase preparatoria (clínica) y técnica; está expuesto a errores y lleva a los actores a tiempos de trabajo prolongados. Por lo mismo, la calidad de una prótesis trabajada bajo un proceso artesanal, es decir, el ajuste y precisión, color exacto y estética; muchas veces se ve afectada ocasionando a los clientes (odontólogos) una mala experiencia y el retraso por el reproceso que suele darse y a los usuarios finales (pacientes) una mala experiencia con la prótesis adquirida y la no satisfacción con el resultado final.   Este servicio trabajado bajo proceso artesanal actualmente es ofrecido en su mayoría por técnicos dentales de manera particular y en muchos casos, informal. Actualmente no existe una empresa que brinde un servicio integral en el que las impresiones sean trabajadas de manera digital o que brinde un respaldo y seguridad.  Para validar la idea de negocio se realizó una encuesta cuantitativa y entrevistas a profundidad y según el análisis de los resultados, se concluye que el desarrollo del laboratorio digital DentalTec, es viable. La fuente primaria estuvo conformada por más de 50 odontólogos de Lima Metropolitana. Con ello se evidenció que la propuesta de valor es atractiva para el público objetivo, al ofrecer mejores indicadores relevantes para ellos: menor tiempo, mayor ajuste y mejor estética.  La propuesta de valor del laboratorio digital DentalTec está centrada en la impresión digital que ofrecerá como parte de todos los servicios. Se reemplaza el proceso tradicional artesanal, eliminando así reprocesos, errores humanos y largos tiempos de atención. Permitiendo a su vez a nuestros clientes, poder contar con un servicio de confianza que cumplirá con las fechas pactadas, con prótesis dentales de calidad y un mayor número de clientes atendidos en una menor cantidad de citas programadas.  Finalmente, respecto al análisis financiero y a la proyección de ventas, en el escenario optimista se espera llegar a una cobertura del 2% del mercado en el primer año y a más del 10% en el quinto año, se logra un TIR del 159.4% cuando el COK de la empresa es 11%. Además, el VAN sería de S/.10,589,582 soles. De igual manera, en el escenario pesimista, se lograría un TIR superior al COK. Datos que nos llevan a apostar por este proyecto.
This research evaluates the feasibility of a new digital dental laboratory service with 3D technology for the design and manufacture of dental prostheses as a proposal to reduce the pain of current clients, in this case dentists and dental technicians; providing advice and technical support throughout all process. The services in the current market offer a product with an artisan procedure that involve several steps and more than one actor in the process. Therefore, the quality of a prosthesis worked under an artisan process it is affected with a wrong fit and precision, exact color and aesthetics. Clients (dentists) and users (patients) are not being satisfied with the final result. This service under the artisan process is currently offered mostly by dental technicians in an informal way. Currently there is no company that provides a service in which prints are worked digitally and provides security of a good result. To validate the business idea, we work with quantitative survey and interviews. Based on the analysis of the results, the development of DentalTec digital laboratory is viable. The quantitative survey was made in more than 50 dentists from Lima. This evidenced that DentalTec services are attractive to the target audience, offering better relevant indicators for them as less time, better fit and aesthetics. The value proposal of the DentalTec digital laboratory is focused on digital printing with personalized services. The traditional artisan process is replaced, and it will eliminate reprocessing, human errors and long times. At the same time, clients will have a trustworthy service with deadlines, with quality dental prostheses and an important number of clients attended in less appointments. Finally, regarding the financial analysis and the sales projection, in the optimistic scenario it is expected to reach a coverage of 2% of the market in the first year and more than 10% in the fifth year, an IRR of 159.4% is achieved when the company's opportunity cost is 11%. In addition, the NPV would be S /. 10,589,582 soles. In the same way, in the pessimistic scenario, an IRR higher than the opportunity cost would be achieved. Data that leads us to bet on this project.
Trabajo de investigación

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Lima, Maria das Graças de. "Por um novo modelo de gestão das relações de trabalho para empresas recuperadas por trabalhadores: processos de formação integral e continuada". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20069.

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Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-05-08T11:32:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria das Graças de Lima.pdf: 2064400 bytes, checksum: 98e77edd3b5bd6d7f53bf1379b0c7da0 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-08T11:32:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria das Graças de Lima.pdf: 2064400 bytes, checksum: 98e77edd3b5bd6d7f53bf1379b0c7da0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-24
Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
This Research characterized as a case study and the subject of its investigation is the work relationship of two Empresas Recuperadas por Trabalhadores — ERTs (companies recuperated by workers): UNIFORJA E CONES. These companies were born from the bankruptcy of capitalist firms and became cooperatives that work under self-management system. The investigation and analysis aimed to understand to which extent these ERTs, after 20 years of existence, were or were not able to remain faithful to the self-management system. The investigation also tried to identify contradictions and ambiguities in the ERTs daily routines, as well as possibilities to overcome these contradictions, once the ERTs are embedded in the capitalist market, subdued by production logic and capital reproduction. The central point of this investigation is based on the principle of self-management as a radicality in the practice of direct democracy that seeks the meaning of its generalization in society as mean and end of the worker´s struggle against capitalism. What we found was the reproduction of capitalist work relationships mixed with a few innovations generated by attempts to remain faithful to the self-management principles. However, self-management is stumbling due to strongly hierarchical power relationships based on an egalitarian relation of duties and rights that does not promote equality of conditions and knowledge, does not develop new leadership, and does not form the workers’ critical conscience – not even the conscience of their condition as workers. Therefore, we can talk about a class division between the ERTs worker-partners based on income inequality, differentiated knowledge levels, the leaders’ ideological formation and work social division, all of which producing alienation. Our analysis corroborated our initial suspicion that, by using the same structures and models of production organization and work management, the ERTs put at risk the self-management practices. Our conclusions point towards the creation of a new model of production organization and work management based on the principles of self-management, democracy and equality, with the authentic participation of workers in every process of planning and organization of production and management, and aiming at overcoming alienated work. Based on the analysis of the objective and subjective conditions we found in the ERTs we researched and considering its ambiguities and contradictions generated by continuities and discontinuities in the processes of production organization and work management, we understand that the object of a new model of work relationships management is the effective participation of the workers in the work management, and the objective is to overcome the alienated work. Therefore, we finish by presenting a proposal to develop a New Model of Work Relationships Management, grounded in two axes: the development of Processes of Integral and Continuous Formation for the worker-partners and the creation of (or participation in) Networks of Solidarity
Esta pesquisa caracterizada como um estudo de caso, teve como objeto de investigação, as relações de trabalho em Empresas Recuperadas por Trabalhadores (ERTs): UNIFORJA E CONES. Estas são empresas que nasceram a partir da falência de empresas capitalistas e se tornaram cooperativas que funcionam sob o regime de autogestão. A investigação e análise procuraram compreender em que medida estas ERTs, depois de quase 20 anos de existência, conseguiram se manter fiéis ou não ao sistema de autogestão, buscando identificar em suas práticas cotidianas contradições e ambiguidades, e possibilidades de superação dessas contradições, já que estão inseridas que estão no mercado capitalista, subjugadas à lógica de produção e reprodução do capital. O ponto central da investigação se assenta no princípio da autogestão como radicalidade na prática da democracia direta que busca o sentido de sua generalização na sociedade, como meio e fim da luta dos trabalhadores contra o capitalismo. O que encontramos foi a reprodução das relações de trabalho do sistema capitalista, mescladas com algumas poucas inovações promovidas pela tentativa de se ser fiel aos princípios da autogestão. Contudo, a autogestão aparece cambaleante devido as relações de poder hierarquizadas, baseada na relação igualitária de direitos e deveres, sem, no entanto, ser capaz de promover a igualdade de condições, sem equiparação de saberes, sem formar novas lideranças e sem formação da consciência crítica dos trabalhadores, nem sequer sobre sua condição de trabalhadores. Nesta medida podemos falar em uma divisão de classes entre os (as) sócios (as) trabalhadores (as) das ERTs a partir das desigualdades nas retiradas, do desnível de conhecimentos, da formação ideológica dos líderes e da divisão social do trabalho que permanece produzindo alienação. Enfim a análise corroborou nossa suspeita inicial de que ao utilizar as mesmas estruturas e formas de organização da produção e gestão do trabalho, as ERTs colocam em risco a prática da autogestão. Assim, concluímos que é mister a criação de um novo modelo de organização da produção e gestão do trabalho, a partir dos princípios autogestionários de democracia e igualdade, com a participação autentica dos trabalhadores em todos os processos de planejamento, organização da produção e da gestão, tendo como objetivo a superação do trabalho alienado. Tomando como base a análise das condições objetivas e subjetivas que encontramos nas ERTs pesquisadas, considerando suas ambiguidades e contradições geradas pelas continuidades e descontinuidades nos processos de organização da produção e gestão do trabalho, compreendemos que o objeto de um novo modelo de gestão das relações de trabalho é a efetiva participação dos trabalhadores na gestão do trabalho, e o objetivo é a superação do trabalho alienado. Assim concluímos com a apresentação de uma proposta para o desenvolvimento de um Modelo de Gestão das Relações de Trabalho, ancorados a partir de dois eixos de atuação: O desenvolvimento de Processos de Formação Integral e Continuada para todos (as) sócios (as) trabalhadores (as); e a criação e/ou a participação em Redes Solidárias

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Tolonen, A. (Arto). "Product portfolio management over horizontal and vertical portfolios". Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2016. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526212678.

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Abstract The main objective of this study is to clarify the current challenges and preconditions relating to product portfolio management (PPM) and widen the PPM framework over horizontal and vertical portfolios, including a related governance model, strategic performance management and the PPM process. This study analyses comprehensively the current PPM literature and the relevant practices of 10 case companies representing business areas such as hardware (HW), software (SW) and Services. This study approaches PPM from a more comprehensive viewpoint as all product life cycle phases and product structure levels are not covered well in this context by the earlier literature. The principal results of this study involve revealing the need for a new PPM governance model including strategic targets, KPIs and the PPM process according to vertical and horizontal portfolios. The created PPM framework clarifies the strategic role of PPM in cross-functional analysis and decision making for commercial and technical portfolios. The role and the impact of strategic PPM have been further enhanced by positioning the PPM process on the level of other business processes. The created PPM framework enhances the collaboration between business and engineering teams. The managerial implications include the potential preconditions of clarifying the dynamic and active role of PPM at the level of other business processes. The findings can aid business managers in understanding PPM as an entity that has a role in managing the entire product portfolio and its renewal based on strategic performance measures over horizontal and vertical portfolios according to cross-functional governance bodies. This highlights the criticality of managing all items both in commercial and technical portfolios. The role of other business processes should be highly operational by executing product development, marketing and sales, delivery and care activities according to PPM decisions. The primary role of PPM should be active management of the entire product portfolio over product life cycle phases and product structure levels, instead of merely focusing on new product development, to ensure product portfolio renewal
Tiivistelmä Tämä tutkimus selventää tuoteportfolion hallintaan liittyviä edellytyksiä ja haasteita, sekä laajentaa tuoteportfolion hallintamallia, suorituskyvyn johtamista ja prosessia horisontaalisesti ja vertikaalisesti. Tuoteportfolion hallintaa on lähestytty kattavasti analysoimalla nykyistä kirjallisuutta, sekä kymmenen kohdeyrityksen käytänteitä nykytila-analyysin keinoin. Kohdeyritykset edustavat useita liiketoiminta- ja tuotealueita kattaen laitteiston, ohjelmiston ja palvelut. Tämä tutkimus lähestyy tuoteportfolion hallintaa laajemmalta katsantokannalta kuin nykyinen kirjallisuus joka ei kata kaikkia tuotteen elinkaaren vaiheita ja tuoterakennetasoja. Tämän väitöstutkimuksen tärkeimmät tulokset liittyvät uuden tuoteportfolion hallintamallin tarpeellisuuden esille tuomiseen, sisältäen tuoteportfolion strategiset tavoitteet, suorituskykymittarit ja hallintaprosessin perustuen vertikaalisiin ja horisontaalisiin tuoteportfolioihin. Luotu viitekehys selkeyttää tuoteportfolion hallinnan strategista roolia organisaatiorajat ja liiketoimintaprosessit ylittävässä analyysissa ja päätöksenteossa liittyen kaupallisiin ja teknisiin tuoteportfolioihin. Strategisen tuoteportfolion hallinnan roolia ja merkitystä on erityisesti korostettu nostamalla tuoteportfolion hallintaprosessi muiden liiketoimintaprosessien tasolle. Tässä tutkimuksessa luotu tuoteportfolion hallinnan viitekehys vahvistaa yhteistyötä liiketoiminnanjohto- ja insinööritiimien välillä kaikilla organisaatiotasoilla. Työn kontribuutiot yritysjohdolle korostavat tuoteportfolion hallintaprosessin keskitettyä, dynaamista ja aktiivista roolia johtaa yrityksen kaupallisia ja teknisiä nimikkeitä horisontaalisesti ja vertikaalisesti kokonaisuutena perustuen strategisiin suorituskykymittareihin. Tuoteportfolion hallinta yli horisontaalisten ja vertikaalisten portfolioiden mahdollistaa tuoteportfolion uudistumisen yli kaikkien elinkaarivaiheiden ja tuoterakennetasojen. Muiden liiketoimintaprosessien roolin tulisi olla selkeästi operatiivinen toteuttaen tuotekehitykseen, markkinointiin, myyntiin, tilaamiseen, hankintaan, toimittamiseen ja huoltoon liittyviä tehtäviä perustuen strategisiin tuoteportfolion hallinnan tavoitteisiin ja suorituskykymittareihin

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Lindh, Petter. "Emerging Markets : a Case Study on Foreign Market Entry in Laos; MBA-thesis in marketing". Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Business Administration and Economics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-4445.

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Background

This thesis is conducted for Husqvarna AB with the aim to map the Laotian market for them in terms of market potential for forestry power equipment. In order to provide decision material for further action I was asked to give a description of the Laotian forestry sector; research potential harvesting volumes; analyze the competitive situation; describe the general business conditions in Laos; and provide some insight as to how Husqvarna can enter the Laotian market.

Method

The method I have used for collection of information is two-fold. The empirical data has mostly been derived via interviews with forestry officials and companies involved in forestry. The theoretical review and collection of secondary data has been performed by research of books, journals, reports, newspapers and online sources. The research methodology can accordingly be labelled "the actor approach" which methodology is based on understanding social entireties. An important element in this approach is a process referred to as the hermeneutic circle - a process in which new knowledge is continuously incorporated into the understanding and used as base for further research. An important part of the method is my personal experience of Laos, from which I consider myself being able to base some conclusions.

Theoretical Review

Foreign market entry can generally be made in four modes: Exporting, licensing, joint ventures, or sole ventures. Foreign market entry strategies may involve adapting the marketing strategy. It may also necessitate product adaption.

Market entry in developing countries will most likely mean being exposed to unfamiliar environments. The general business conditions might be very different from the home market and constitute higher levels of trade barriers and sociocultural distance may be difficult to deal with.

Case Study, Conclusions and Reflections

The highlights from these two chapters include:

Laos offers foreign investors to use any of the four market entry modes.
Doing business in Laos receives a low international rating, especially in terms of labor restrictions. It also has rather high trade barriers.
Laos is developing its commercial tree plantation sector and estimates suggest that the harvesting volumes will be increasing rapidly in the coming 10-15 years.
Importing and selling forestry power equipment is restricted. Laos does not yet have any authorized dealer for chainsaws. This provides for interesting opportunities.
The market is flooded with cheap, illegally imported, Chinese chainsaws, but it is questionable whether this actually constitutes any competition to Husqvarna, being a high quality brand. The Chinese chainsaws might however soon increase in terms of quality and be more competitive.
Obtaining an import and sales license for outdoor power products may be a rather lengthy procedure but once in place would mean being the first authorized dealer - which might be advantageous.

Recommendation

Due to Laos making efforts to increase the commercial tree plantation area, the harvesting volumes will increase rapidly the coming years. The sales potential for forestry equipment will hence increase in the years to come.

My recommendation to Husqvarna, if they have resources, is therefore to locate a dealer and enter the Laotian market. Plantations are however still mostly in the development phase. It is therefore doubtful that early entry is profitable enough to be motivated if there are other markets with higher potential that Husqvarna wants to enter.

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24

Pinel, Muriel. "L'introduction de la gestion du cycle de vie produit dans les entreprises de sous-traitance comme vecteur d'agilité opérationnelle et de maîtrise du produit". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00852852.

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Pour faire face à un environnement en perpétuelle évolution, les entreprises doivent changer et parfois en profondeur. Ces évolutions en principe voulues et contrôlées se font au moyen de projets dits " d'entreprise ". Parmi les buts qu'il s'agit d'atteindre par le biais de ces projets, deux buts majeurs sont identifiables : le développement de l'agilité opérationnelle et la maîtrise des produits. Dans ces travaux de thèse, nous nous focalisons sur le projet PLM (Product Lifecycle Management) et plus particulièrement sur la mise en oeuvre du système d'information nécessaire à la gestion du cycle de vie des produits : le système PLM. Ce système d'information coordonne tout ou partie des informations liées à la définition, à la réalisation, à l'usage et au retrait des produits. Après un état de l'art permettant de définir de façon précise les concepts liés à la gestion du cycle de vie des produits, une méthode est proposée pour définir le cahier des charges du système PLM. La définition de cette méthode montre la nécessité d'assurer la cohérence entre les différents modèles du système PLM d'une part et entre les différentes représentations du produit utilisées tout au long de son cycle de vie d'autre part. Un cadre de modélisation basé sur le paradigme systémique, sur le paradigme d'ambivalence et sur des concepts de métamodélisation est alors proposé. Ce cadre de modélisation apporte des éléments de réponse aux besoins de cohérence identifiés. Il supporte également l'adoption du raisonnement synergique indispensable au développement de l'agilité opérationnelle recherchée par l'entreprise. Une expérimentation est réalisée pour illustrer les concepts introduits dans notre cadre de modélisation.

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25

Selosse, Philippe. "Le régime juridique du produit de luxe". Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL20002/document.

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Le produit de luxe n’est pas un bien comme les autres. Ses qualités matérielles et immatérielles lui confèrent une valeur particulière qui oblige son producteur à le vendre dans un environnement commercial adapté. La règle de droit peut-elle considérer cette particularité économique ? Paradoxalement, la France est leader mondiale du marché des produits de luxe, mais nul n’est en mesure d’affirmer avec précision ce qu’est le luxe. Intégrer une notion aussi insaisissable au sein d’un raisonnement juridique semble difficile. Pourtant, les atteintes subies par les titulaires des droits du produit de luxe ont convaincu le juge européen de mettre en place des règles protectrices spéciales. Le but poursuivi est légitime. Il s’agit de protéger les investissements réalisés pour vendre et promouvoir le produit de luxe. Mais cette démarche légale s’appuie sur une méthode de qualification qui n’est pas satisfaisante. L’«aura», le «prestige» ou la «sensation» de luxe qui émanent du produit marqué, sont des critères trop subjectifs pour assurer l’application systématique et cohérente de règles protectrices. C’est pourquoi, outre la démonstration d’un corpus de règles applicables au produit de luxe, il convient d’analyser les fondements de sa reconnaissance par le droit positif, ainsi que l’instauration d’un régime unifié reposant sur des critères de définition précis, prenant en considération les qualités intrinsèques de ce bien particulier
The luxury product is not a product like any other. Its material and immaterial qualities confer a special value that requires its producer to sell it in a proper business environment. The rule of law can it consider this economic feature ? Paradoxically, France is world's leading luxury goods market, but no one is able to state precisely what is luxury. The law seems unsuited to integrate a concept as elusive as luxury. Yet, violations suffered by the owners of luxury product rights have convinced the European judge to set up special protective rules. The aim is legitimate. This is to protect the investments made to sell and promote luxury products. But this legal approach is based on a method of qualification which is not satisfactory. The "will", "prestige" or the "feel" of luxury emanating frombranded product, are too subjective criteria to ensure systematic and consistent implementation of protective rules. Therefore, in addition to the demonstration of a body of rules applicable to the luxury product, it should analyze the foundations of its recognition by positive law and the establishment of a unified system based on criteria precise definition, taking into account the intrinsic qualities of that particular property

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26

LIN, JIN-YI, i 林晋毅. "Research on the Commercial Business Model for Virtual Reality Shops". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/854z98.

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碩士
南臺科技大學
多媒體與電腦娛樂科學系
106
Virtual Reality is the emerging media for the moment. Its characteristics are the experience of leading the experience and the experience of entering the virtual reality. Different experiences can be experienced through the head-mounted virtual reality device. The media has been gradually commercialized in recent years , Commercialization is accompanied by different modes of promotion, making it easier for consumers to access the hardware devices. In recent years, VR Virtual Experience Museum has been an extension of the mode of promotion. Currently, the Virtual Reality Experience Center is an emerging business model. There is no big data for reference and as a basis. Therefore, there is no reference basis for setting up this storefront as criteria such as major consumer groups and attracting customers Consumption and so on, and there is no reference data available. At present, the virtual reality experience center in Taiwan is provided with different service contents. For the purpose of playing games, the situation is also experienced for the sake of movie viewing, and the service mode is not provided the same. When the industry intends to open a virtual reality experience museum, there is not much data to be based on, and this paper will be organized through questionnaires, all through Tainan Creative Park, B16-VR virtual reality experience shop to get the customer behavior Behavioral analysis of data, and then understand the customer experience museum, all of its behavior, used to better understand the needs of customers in order to facilitate the experience museum to adjust the mode of operation. Through field visits, we can watch the current virtual reality experience center in Taiwan and learn more about the differences between experience centers. We also understand the VR virtual reality experience centers, their geographic locations and their operating modes, and so on. Experience the difference between the museums, used to adjust the operating experience of the museum itself. By organizing the questionnaire data and interviewing the customers, we can make the VR virtual reality experience museum more complete with the necessary operational information, so as to make the customers more able to accept VR virtual reality by understanding the real ideas of customers and the opinions provided Reality, and to promote the virtual reality, make it more universal can be accepted by the majority of customers

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27

Huang, Dan, i 黄丹. "Study on Business Model of Sina Online Short Rent Commercial". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39634961832859894434.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
臺大-復旦EMBA境外專班
102
The purpose of this paper is to do research on the commercial model of online Short-Term Rentals and to analyze the feasibility of that model’s implementation. Major methodsadopted in this paper include Survey Methods, Case-Study Methods and Experience Summary Methods. Online Short-Term Rentals is a brand new commercial model rising in the United States and Europe. Basing on analysis on some implementations of advanced models at home and abroad as well as researches on some benchmarking companies, this paper studies China’s Short-Term Rentals’ situation, and discusses the strategic feasibility of applying online Short-Term Rentals to the real estate websites like Sina.com (SINA) and Ehousechina.com (EJ). But above all, the paper is about to provide a business feasibly program on online Short-Term Rentals to Sina.com. And this is of course coming up from further analysisof the advantages of SINA and EJ.

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28

Santos, Miguel Cortez Ferreira dos. "Solostocks: commercial business model assessment & Fit with customer needs". Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/20550.

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CEMS
This Business Project aimed at providing a better understanding of SoloStocks’ current customer as a driver for better monetization, growth and a sustainable long term positioning of the company in the market. Lack of professionalization of sellers and of a tailored value proposition were discovered to be the two main pain points of clients that were preventing satisfaction with the service provided. Moreover, different personas were identified using the platform in need for additional or distinctive features. Best practices of the market served as base for innovative recommendations on how to provide more value to the customers.

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29

"Research on Business Model of SMEs’ Financial Service for Commercial Banks". Doctoral diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.29878.

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abstract: The key chanllenge for Small and Micro Enterprises (SMEs) to get credit or loans is the fact that traditional financing business model in commercial banks cannot meet SMEs’ financial needs. Through extensive theoretical research, market analysis especially on SMEs’ behavioral characteristics and demands, serveral case studies on market-leading banks such as Wells Fargo and KASIKORN BANK, and the actual implementation experiences in China Minsheng Bank and Pingan Bank, this article proposes a new business model for servicing SMEs for commercial banks in China, which includes the principle and rationale of the business model, the technical foundation, business process and organizational structure, as well as the future transition of the model.
Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Business Administration 2015

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30

Caetano, Pedro Nuno Pinho. "AEROSPACE MEDICAL CENTER - AMC Commercial Space Tourism Business Model - Health Factors". Dissertação, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/124241.

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31

Caetano, Pedro Nuno Pinho. "AEROSPACE MEDICAL CENTER - AMC Commercial Space Tourism Business Model - Health Factors". Master's thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/124241.

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32

Mezhova, Anna. "Scribd case study : commercial viability of the e-book subscription business model". Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/20700.

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Modeled after media subscription giants Netflix and Spotify, Scribd is a subscription e-book service based in San Francisco, United States. Despite the highly evaluated potential of the business model, Scribd came across significant problems due to a combination of a pay-per-read payout model and all-you-can-read pricing model; these issues led to a few unpopular decisions such as reducing content selection and eventually changing the subscription terms. In presence of a powerful and prosperous competitor such as Amazon that has a direct analogue to Scribd, Amazon Kindle Unlimited, Scribd has to choose growth strategies that will allow it to add value to the product for current and potential customers. The two possible strategies discussed in this case study are an international expansion to Germany and a domestic market expansion through the premium segment. The case study provides relevant data to assess each strategy and gives background information about the company and the industry in order for students to analyze the case and decide on the most attractive strategy to follow.
Modelado como os gigantes de serviço de assinatura de média como Netflix e Spotify, Scribd é um serviço de assinatura de e-book baseado em São Francisco, Estados Unidos. Apesar de o modelo de negócio ter grande potencial, Scribd encontrou problemas significativos devido a uma combinação do seu modelo de pagamento "pago por leitura" e modelo de precário "tudo o que consegue ler". Estes problemas resultaram em decisões pouco populares, como a redução do conteúdo disponível, e a eventual mudança dos termos de assinatura. Na presença de competição potente e próspera como a da Amazon, que tem um serviço equivalente em Amazon Kindle Umlimited, Scribd tem que escolher uma estratégia de crescimento que o vai possibilitar de adicionar valor ao produto para clientes existentes e potenciais. As duas estratégias possíveis que são discutidas neste caso de estudo são uma expansão international para o mercado alemão, e uma expansão no mercado doméstico através de um segmento "premium". Este caso de estudo disponibiliza dados relevantes para avaliar cada estratégia, e fornece informação de fundo a cerca da empresa e a indústria, para que os alunos possam analisar o caso e decidir qual estratégia será a mais atrativa para seguir.

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33

chen, Shirley, i 陳諭萱. "An Innovative Business Model for the Composite Diners at the Commercial Business District in Taipei City". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96501483041463252049.

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碩士
實踐大學
企業創新與創業管理研究所
97
Due to the changes in work patterns, work people have become the big group of “Eating Out Group” gradually in such a busy life that pursues speed. To respond to work people’s speeds of eating meals, foodservice providers are particular about convenience and quickness during the process of meal making, and most of the foods are mainly fried or decocted with oil. Besides, in order to make foods look good, foodservice providers use pickles to replace vegetables mostly. If things go on like this, people of the “Eating Out Group” often eat unbalanced combinations of meals and foods that are extremely-oily with less fiber. Moreover, unbalanced diet has obvious correlation with the contraction of chronic diseases, obesity and cancers. From the annual rank of top ten leading causes of death, modern people are reminded of not ignoring their behavior of eating daily meals. When satisfying appetite, how to remain healthy by eating is the basis of disease prevention, also the key point. Besides, in addition to the limitations of food choices for people to eat out around their company locations, under the actual circumstance in which the needs are not satisfied, the conception of foodservice business appealing to healthful diet has been conceived, based on commercial business districts as site conditions. Due to the impact of financial crisis, the phenomenon of difficult job-searching makes many people try to seek the opportunity of start-up in foodservice business. The reason is that foodservice business does not require great techniques, except special or professional cuisine stores; meanwhile, as for the aspect of capital, a store can be open by the way of sole proprietorship. However, we should notice that not everyone will succeed even though foodservice business is the business that everyone can challenge it. The outer environment of foodservice business has changed greatly. Not only has the increase of stores speeded up the competition, customers also become choosier in taste. Therefore, how to design a business model that can undergo trials in the market is the prerequisite key point for success. How to start a store successfully? Through questionaires, this study will survey work people’s consumption behavior of eating out for lunch, and explore the key success factors of lunch business. Finally, based on the survey results, and combined with the concpet of healthful diet as well as the design that satisfies the needs from customers of diffeerent levels, the differentiated value proposition and the innovative business project will be made.

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34

Cheng, Chi-Yau, i 鄭繼堯. "The Pre-Warning Model of Offering Facility to Micro-Business - A Commercial Bank Case". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63571636330414552354.

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碩士
開南大學
企業管理學系碩士班
95
One of the reasons for Asian Financial Crisis in 1997 is the over expansion of bank’s facilities offered to companies due to the very serious competition among banks. Accompanying with the bankrupt ion of companies, bank’s assets bubbled. The NPL (Non-performing Loan ) ratio high-rises, banks’ profits deteriorate. Offering facilities is banks’ core business and the key sources of profits, so the quality of offering facility will affect their profitability. After the financial crisis, banks’ main focus turns to how to enhance the quality of offering facility. Empirically, the Back-Propagation Neural Network performs well in the Prediction Model. And the model shows good ability to predict companies’ financial status effectively. While offering facility to companies, there shows more than 70% accuracy to forecast company’s financial status with different models, except Multi-Discriminant Analysis. Those effective models provide good reference and information for bankers while evaluating the credit of SMEs for loan.

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35

Chen, Mei-An, i 陳美安. "Commercial Opportunity in Micro-Entrepreneurs by The Implementation of Sharing Economy Model-A Study of Skillshop`s Business Model with Skill Service". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4euse3.

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碩士
東海大學
高階經營管理碩士在職專班
104
“Share economy”, the fundamental of many transactions, has existed in human societies for a long period. The rapid emergence of start-up companies, such as Uber and Airbnb, has share economy become the topic again. Share economy is defined to share idle assets and human resources, create a sustainable economic system containing common creation, production, distribution, and exchange, and apply diverse policy patterns and modern information technology to allow individuals or enterprises rapidly acquiring information and facilitating resource reallocation and reuse. According to the idea of “skills sharing, micro-enterprise” proposed in domestic and international research, it is believed in this study that the idea could help entrepreneurs fulfill the entrepreneurial dream, implement financial freedom, and create self-value. The mobile commerce service platform, Skillshop, is introduced in this study. The “skills sharing ecosystem” of a micro-enterprise is built through the connection among third-party partner（third-party payment）, platform, and customers for people with skills but not resources and capitals reducing the venture threshold to solve the long-term social problem of low salary. In addition to discussing the innovative business model of Skillshop, the practicability and future challenges of the business model under the social and humanistic background in Taiwan are also inspected.

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36

Tesfay, Assefa Worede. "A comprehensive measure of business performance : a study of the commercial banking industry in Ethiopia". Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/22160.

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The purpose of the study was to identify a comprehensive measure of performance by assessing the relationship between employee satisfaction and customer satisfaction on the profitability of the commercial banking industry in Ethiopia. The study adopted unidimensional path models, multivariate approach and factor analysis in predicting the dependent variable, determining the independent variables and the sample size and justifying the objectives of the sturdy. Primary data were obtained through structured questionnaires from valid sample responses of 180 employees and customers selected on convenient sampling method. Profitability (ROA & ROE) was measured based on the average data from the financial statements of 2007/8-2001/12 of the banks. Variant of empirical studies and theoretical frameworks, drawn from motivational, psychological and behavioural theories, were used to formulate the hypothesis and establish the relationship between internal service quality, employee satisfaction, customer service quality, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty and profitability. Results of the study indicated internal marketing influenced employee job satisfaction which in turn partially influenced customer service quality and customer satisfaction; customer service quality influenced customer satisfaction which then influenced customer loyalty. But, no relationship was observed between customer loyalty and profitability. However, due to the timing gap of the data on profitability and the data on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty, the relationship is apparently realizable in the long run. Therefore, due emphasis is required by the management of the banks to exert the necessary strategic effort on employee satisfaction, customer service quality, and customer satisfaction because of their implicit effects on profitability. Finally, the relevance of the research to the literature on performance measurement is demonstrated by contextualizing comprehensive models in the context of commercial banking industry in Ethiopia.
Business Management
D.B.L.

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37

Tsai, Ming-Hsi, i 蔡明熹. "The corporate credit rating model for commercial bank - Using the cases of manufacturing industry and wholesale & retail business". Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45934207578374072142.

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碩士
輔仁大學
應用統計學研究所
92
The purpose of the research is by using the document and expert experience to choose 18 financial variables for six segment and 6 non-financial variables for three segment of manufacturing industries and wholesale & retail businesses. Using the methods of correlation analysis, non-parameter test, binary logistics regression analysis and multinomial logistics regression analysis to build credit rating model to find the main variables that will effect the corporate credit rating. By studying the relationship for the choose variables and the two industries’s credit rating, we can find the result is：First, Return on Investment Analysis, it is obviously have more influence on this model. Second, acid ratio and current assets to total assets’ ratio, it means short term money demand has important meaning. Third, reliability of financial statement is a valuable non-financial variable. For the individual industry, have the following characteristics: First, in addition to Return ability, the asset allocation and method of financial manage also the key point for measure manufacturing industry’s credit rating. Second, in addition to Return ability, it also place emphasis on sales revenue and management for measure wholesale & retail business’ credit rating. Third, in the non-financial variables, manufacturing industry focus on the ability of business operation and industry future vision; but wholesale & retail business focus on the market share. Finally, according to the result, from the practice status, operation cost and the influence of improvement, this research gives many useful suggestions to the credit officers and credit research.

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38

Liang, Ya-Chu, i 梁雅筑. "The Business Model of Cultural and Creative Industry on Historic District - The Case of the Stores in Dadaocheng Dihua Commercial District". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qzhr82.

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碩士
元智大學
經營管理碩士班(國際企業學程)
104
With the knowledge economy era coming and the trend of globalization and other factors, countries in the world are committed to the development of cultural and creative industries. From 2002 Taiwan vigorously promote policies, and think that only local of artistic creation and cultural characteristics is the key to self-preservation our own cultural. So far there are many local settlements around Taiwan, and followed the development of the city and street blocks. Continuation of the unique local culture preserved cultural and historical style, form the historical and cultural district. In the past two years, district gradually attracted many stores that differ from traditional stores, and these stores are more or less with the cultural and creative atmosphere. Therefore, this study investigated the mode of operation of these cultural and creative stores, and what kind of business model is the most suitable for the operation in the historical district in.

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39

Chen, Hsing-Yang, i 陳星洋. "Six Sigma and Lean Six Sigma– A Literature Review and Case Study in Taiwan & Cloud Computing for Innovation Commercial Service Business Model". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47072703190827956221.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
工業工程學研究所
101
Quality issues have played an essential and critical role for the past decades and were the major concern no matter for business or consumers. This research constructs structured literature review content, and describes its historical development/evolution from Quality Inspection (QI), Quality Control (QC), Quality Assurance (QA), Quality Management (QM), Total Quality Control/Management (TQC/TQM) to a higher level – Six Sigma, Big Q, Lean Six Sigma (LSS). The importance has demonstrated itself by seriously changed manufacturing world and rapid extensions and adoptions into every sector of industry. In the Quality Improvement tools evolution, Six Sigma has been considered as the latest management tools and techniques. Moreover, LSS, the combination of Six Sigma and Lean is more powerful and comprehensive as a quality improvement tool to an enterprise. This research aims to analyze the application situations of Six Sigma and Lean Six Sigma in area abroad and Taiwan. By using the reviewed methods from former researchers and Social Network Analysis (SNA), the current state in Six Sigma and LSS field can be understood. In the further end, we provide a case study of the most reputed and biggest Q-dedicated consulting company in Taiwan and mainland China, K Management Consulting Incorporation. K Company has guided lots of enterprises from ISO series, Quality issues to Six Sigma and Lean Six Sigma. Its consultation records showed more than eight thousands cases for the past two decades, one of the records high in the world. Its growing path also represents the quality-related growth of Taiwan.

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40

Diggines, Colin Neville. "A business analysis of the South African domestic commercial air transport market : low-cost carriers and full-service carriers in the context of the business environment and passenger behaviours". Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23853.

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This study attempted to establish the travel behaviours and choice criteria of the South African domestic air passenger and how they differed between low-cost carriers (LCCs) and full-service carriers (FSCs). The study was quantitative and used structured questionnaires to collect data via personal interviews. Descriptive and inferential techniques were used to analyse the data, including a binomial logistic regression to identify predictors of model choice. Analysis This study attempted to establish the travel behaviours and choice criteria of the South African domestic air passenger and how they differed between low-cost carriers (LCCs) and full-service carriers (FSCs). The study was quantitative and used structured questionnaires to collect data via personal interviews. Descriptive and inferential techniques were used to analyse the data, including a binomial logistic regression to identify predictors of model choice. Analysis showed that passengers had a limited understanding of the functioning of the models. This results in consumer perceptions and expectations being discordant with the true differences. In distinguishing between models, LCC passengers rate LCCs more favourably than FSC passengers, but both rate FSCs higher than LCCs. This shows the need of consumers to have the features and services of the FSCs. Amongst the key findings was the absolute importance of price to the passengers on both models when purchasing the ticket. The analysis showed that LCC passengers are highly price sensitive and show loyalty to the lowest price (not airline model). It was apparent that frequent flyer programmes (FFP), or linkages to 3rd party loyalty programmes, for LCCs need to be reconsidered. Younger LCC passengers especially, indicated a need for a simple FFP to receive some form of ‘reward’, as well as benefits traditionally only offered by FSCs. FSC passengers show a greater degree of loyalty and less fare sensitivity. This provides the FSCs with a degree of fare flexibility and the opportunity to move their loyal, less price-sensitive consumers up the price curve to maximise revenue. It was shown that, in distinguishing themselves from FSCs, it is important that LCCs are perceived as being more affordable than FSCs and are offering a value-for-money service. In essence, LCCs have to defend their positioning by (i) ensuring that their fares are not perceived to be as high as a FSCs and (ii) watching that the FSC fares are not declining to a level where FSCs are perceived as being as cheap as a LCC. For LCCs, brand building strategies around issues other than fare need to be devised, with attention paid to identifying determinant factors.
Business Management
D. Com (Business Management)

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41

Tshilowa, Phathutshedzo Fancy. "Land utilisation by small and emerging commercial farmers in the Greater Tzaneen Municipality in Mopani District of Limpopo Province". Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20232.

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Land is a major factor in agricultural production, so agricultural land allocated to smallholder farmers through Land Reform Program or by traditional leader need to be actively utilised for enhancement of agricultural business. The study assessed land utilisation by small and emerging farmers in the Greater Tzaneen Municipality. Data was collected from 86 farms and analysed using SPSS Version 23. The results indicate that 74% of the farmers fully utilised their farm lands. Results of Logit model revealed that, the amount received from leasing, value adding to products, annual farm income and savings had positive significant impact on the area of cultivation, while skills pertaining to farming activities and the proportion of farm inputs purchased with the farmer’s own money had negative impact. The significant variables should be considered to influence full farmland utilisation by small and emerging farmers in the study area; farmers need production inputs, affordable loans and other forms of funding to improve farmland utilisation
Agriculture, Animal Health and Human Ecology
M. Sc. (Agriculture)

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42

Dong, Jin, i 董瑾. "Taiwanese Banks Overseas Expansion Entry Modes in China－A case study of the First Commercial Bank’s Village Banking Business". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34127316267755835334.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
企業管理系
101
While Taiwan’s banks are facing a tough domestic market where too many banks competing for a small share of pie, the picture is totally opposite in China. Banks in China have high profit margins due to government’s continued dominance and protection. As China became the world’s second largest economy and the most important trading partner of Taiwan, the banking market in China became an ever-important market cannot be missed for all Taiwanese banks. However, government regulation and restrictions have placed Taiwanese banks in a disadvantaged position compared to other foreign banks. Taiwanese banks had adopted many different entry modes trying to minimize negative policy effects. Through analyzing different entry modes available to Taiwanese banks, it is hoped to provide valuable information that can be applied on bank expansion evaluation and assessment. This thesis focuses specific attention on one unique entry mode – village and township banking (VTB). It is a new-type rural financial institution designed to address the issues of short supply and low coverage of financial services in rural areas of China. The under-banked areas in China pose great opportunities to Taiwanese banks with high net interest spread, huge financing demands and favorable tax and policy treatments. First Bank is the only bank that has been approved by FSC to establish VTBs in China. Thus through an analysis of First Bank’s village banking operation, another objective of this thesis is to reveal the opportunity and challenge lie in the under-banked rural areas of China.

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43

Dambaza, Marx. "Credit risk measurement model for small and medium enterprises : the case of Zimbabwe". Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26765.

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Abstracts in English, Zulu and Southern Sotho
The advent of Basel II Capital Accord has revolutionised credit risk measurement (CRM) to the extent that the once “perceived riskier bank assets” are now accommodated for lending. The Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) sector has been traditionally perceived as a riskier and unprofitable asset for lending activity by Commercial Banks, in particular. But empirical studies on the implementation of the Basel II internal-ratings-based (IRB) framework have demonstrated that SME credit risk is measurable. Banks are still finding it difficult to forecast SME loan default and to provide credit to the sector that meet Basel’s capital requirements. The thesis proposes to construct an empirical credit risk measurement (CRM) model, specifically for SMEs, to ameliorate the adverse effects of SME credit inaccessibility due to high information asymmetry between financial institutions (FI) and SMEs in Zimbabwe. A well-performing and accurate CRM helps FIs to control their risk exposure through selective granting of credit based on a thorough statistical analysis of historical customer data. This thesis develops a CRM model, built on a statistically random sample, known-good-bad (KGB) sample, which is a better representation of the through-the-door (TTD) population of SME loan applicants. The KGB sample incorporates both accepted and rejected applications, through reject inference (RI). A model-based bound and collapse (BC) reject inference methodology was empirically used to correct selectivity bias inherent in CRM domain. The results have shown great improvement in the classification power and aggregate supply of credit supply to the SME portfolio of the case-studied bank, as evidenced by substantial decrease of bad rates across models developed; from the preliminary model to final model designed for the case-studied bank. The final model was validated using both bad rate, confusion matrix metrics and Area under Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUROC) curve to assess the classification power of the model within-sample and out-of-sample. The AUROC for the final model (weak model) was found to be 0.9782 whilst bad rate was found to be 14.69%. There was 28.76% improvement in the bad rate in the final model in comparison with the current CRM model being used by the case-studied bank.
Isivumelwano seBasel II Capital Accord sesishintshe indlela yokulinganisa ubungozi bokunikezana ngesikweletu credit risk measurement (CRM) kwaze kwafika ezingeni lapho izimpahla ezazithathwa njengamagugu anobungozi “riskier bank assets” sezimukelwa njengesibambiso sokuboleka imali. Umkhakha wezamaBhizinisi Amancane naSafufusayo, phecelezi, Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) kudala uqondakala njengomkhakha onobungozi obukhulu futhi njengomkhakha ongangenisi inzuzo, ikakhulu njengesibambiso sokubolekwa imali ngamabhange ahwebayo. Kodwa izifundo zocwaningo ezimayelana nokusetshenziswa nokusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo iBasel II internal-ratings-based (IRB) sezikhombisile ukuthi ubungozi bokunikeza isikweletu kumabhizinisi amancane nasafufusayo (SME) sebuyalinganiseka. Yize kunjalo, amabhange asathola ukuthi kusenzima ukubona ngaphambili inkinga yokungabhadeleki kahle kwezikweletu kanye nokunikeza isikweletu imikhakha enemigomo edingekayo yezimali kaBasel. Lolu cwaningo beluphakamisa ukwakha uhlelo imodeli ephathekayo yokulinganisa izinga lobungozi bokubolekisa ngemali (CRM) kwihlelo lokuxhasa ngezimali ama-SME, okuyihlelo elilawulwa yiziko lezimali ezweni laseZimbabwe. Imodeli ye-CRM esebenza kahle futhi eshaya khona inceda amaziko ezimali ukugwema ubungozi bokunikezana ngezikweletu ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokunikeza isikweletu ababoleki abakhethekile, lokhu kususelwa ohlelweni oluhlaziya amanani edatha engumlando wekhasimende. Imodeli ye-CRM ephakanyisiwe yaqala yakhiwa ngohlelo lwamanani, phecelezi istatistically random sample, okuluphawu olungcono olumele uhlelo lwe through-the-door (TTD) population lokukhetha abafakizicelo zokubolekwa imali bama SME, kanti lokhu kuxuba zona zombili izicelo eziphumelele kanye nezingaphumelelanga. Indlela yokukhetha abafakizicelo, phecelezi model-based bound-and-collapse (BC) reject-inference methodology isetshenzisiwe ukulungisa indlela yokukhetha ngokukhetha ngendlela yokucwasa kwisizinda seCRM. Imiphumela iye yakhombisa intuthuko enkulu mayelana namandla okwehlukanisa kanye nokunikezwa kwezikweletu kuma SME okungamamabhange enziwe ucwaningo lotho., njengoba lokhu kufakazelwa ukuncipha okukhulu kwe-bad rate kuwo wonke amamodeli athuthukisiwe. Imodeli yokuqala kanye neyokugcina zazidizayinelwe ibhange. Imodeli yokugcina yaqinisekiswa ngokusebenzisa zombili indlela isikweletu esingagculisi kanye negrafu ye-Area under Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUROC) ukulinganisa ukwehlukaniswa kwamandla emodeli engaphakathi kwesampuli nangaphandle kwesampuli. Uhlelo lwe-AUROC lwemodeli yokugcina (weak model) lwatholakala ukuthi luyi 0.9782, kanti ibad rate yatholakala ukuthi yenza i-14.69%. Kwaba khona ukuthuthuka nge-28.76% kwi-bad rate kwimodeli yokugcina uma iqhathaniswa nemodeli yamanje iCRM model ukuba isetshenziswe yibhange elithile.
Basel II Capital Accord e fetotse tekanyo ya kotsi ya mokitlane (credit risk measurement (CRM)) hoo “thepa e kotsi ya dibanka” ka moo e neng e bonwa ka teng, e seng e fuwa sebaka dikadimong. Lekala la Dikgwebo tse Nyane le tse Mahareng (SME) le bonwa ka tlwaelo jwalo ka lekala le kotsi e hodimo le senang ditswala bakeng sa ditshebetso tsa dikadimo haholo ke dibanka tsa kgwebo. Empa dipatlisiso tse thehilweng hodima se bonweng kapa se etsahetseng tsa tshebetso ya moralo wa Basel II internal-ratings-based (IRB) di supile hore kotsi ya mokitlane ya SME e kgona ho lekanngwa. Leha ho le jwalo, dibanka di ntse di thatafallwa ke ho bonelapele palo ya ditlholeho tsa ho lefa tsa diSME le ho fana ka mokitla lekaleng leo le kgotsofatsang ditlhoko tsa Basel tsa ditjhelete. Phuputso ena e ne sisinya ho etsa tekanyo ya se bonwang ho mmotlolo wa kotsi ya mokitlane (CRM) tshebetsong ya phano ya tjhelete ya diSME e etswang ke setsi sa ditjhelete (FI) ho la Zimbabwe. Mmotlolo o sebetsang hantle hape o fanang ka dipalo tse nepahetseng o dusa diFI hore di laole pepeso ya tsona ho kotsi ka phano e kgethang ya mokitlane, e thehilweng hodima manollo ya dipalopalo ya dintlha tsa histori ya bareki. Mmotlolo o sisingwang wa CRM o hlahisitswe ho tswa ho sampole e sa hlophiswang, e leng pontsho e betere ya setjhaba se ikenelang le monyako (TTD) ya batho bao e kang bakadimi ba tjhelete ho diSME, hobane e kenyelletsa bakopi ba amohetsweng le ba hannweng. Mokgwatshebetso wa bound-and-collapse (BC) reject-inference o kentswe tshebetsong ho nepahatsa tshekamelo ya kgetho e leng teng ho lekala la CRM. Diphetho tsena di bontshitse ntlafalo e kgolo ho matla a tlhophiso le palohare ya phano ya mokitlane ho diSME tsa banka eo ho ithutilweng ka yona, jwalo ka ha ho pakilwe ke ho phokotseho ya direite tse mpe ho pharalla le dimmotlolo tse hlahisitsweng. Mmotlolo wa ho qala le wa ho qetela e ile ya ralwa bakeng sa banka. Mmotlolo wa ho qetela o ile wa netefatswa ka tshebediso ya bobedi reite e mpe le mothinya wa Area under Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUROC) ho lekanya matla a kenyo mekgahlelong a mmotlolo kahare ho sampole le kantle ho yona. AUROC bakeng sa mmotlo wa ho qetela (mmotlolo o fokotseng) e fumanwe e le 0.9782, ha reite e mpe e fumanwe e le 14.69%. Ho bile le ntlafalo ya 28.76% ho reite e mpe bakeng sa mmotlolo wa ho qetela ha ho bapiswa le mmotlolo wa CRM ha o sebediswa bankeng yona eo.
Graduate School of Business Leadership
D.B.L.

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44

Arellano, Edwin U. "Modelo Integral en la Enseñanza de Redacción Comercial en Español". Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/1632.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
El objetivo de este trabajo es proponer un esquema alternativo en la enseñanza de redacción comercial en español. Para este propósito, el trabajo se enfoca en los vacíos y limitaciones observados en la mayoría de los textos de redacción comercial en español utilizados en las universidades americanas e hispanas, no sólo desde el punto de vista del conocimiento sino también de su aplicación. Es una propuesta válida para enriquecer la enseñanza de redacción comercial en los estudiantes que desean desarrollar sus habilidades comunicativas a través de la elaboración de documentos comerciales usados por las empresas modernas y globales.

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45

"Benefit, cost and risk analysis of designing: a third-party e-commerce logistics center". 2001. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5895878.

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Fu Gang.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-72).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
ABSTRACT OF THESIS ENTITLED --- p.I
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.III
TABLE OF CONTENT --- p.IV
LIST OF FIGURES --- p.VII
LIST OF TABLES --- p.VIII
Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- A Third-party E-commerce Logistics Center in Need --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Difficulty in Designing the Logistics Center --- p.2
Chapter 1.3 --- AHP and ANP --- p.3
Chapter 1.4 --- Scope of the Study --- p.4
Chapter 1.5 --- Organization of the Thesis --- p.5
Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.7
Chapter 2.1 --- Third-party E-commerce Logistics Center --- p.7
Chapter 2.2 --- "Government, Investors, and Users" --- p.8
Chapter 2.3 --- Center Design --- p.11
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Information and Physical Infrastructure --- p.11
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Ownership Arrangement --- p.12
Chapter 2.3.3 --- Design Alternatives --- p.13
Chapter 2.4 --- Evaluating Design Alternatives --- p.17
Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- AHP MODEL --- p.19
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction of AHP --- p.19
Chapter 3.2 --- AHP Models for Government --- p.20
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Benefit to Government --- p.20
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Cost to Government --- p.23
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Risk to Government --- p.24
Chapter 3.3 --- AHP Models for Investors --- p.25
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Benefit to Investors --- p.25
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Cost to Investors --- p.28
Chapter 3.3.3 --- Risk to Investors --- p.29
Chapter 3.4 --- AHP Models for Users --- p.32
Chapter 3.4.1 --- Benefit to Users --- p.32
Chapter 3.4.2 --- Cost to Users --- p.34
Chapter 3.4.3 --- Risk to Users --- p.36
Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- RISK SHARING IN CENTER DESIGN ´ؤ USING AHP MODEL --- p.38
Chapter 4.1 --- "Solution Methodology of Aggregating Benefit, Cost and Risk in AHP" --- p.38
Chapter 4.2 --- Aspects in Determining an Agreeable Solution --- p.40
Chapter 4.3 --- Sensitivity Analysis in AHP --- p.42
Chapter 4.4 --- A Conflict-Resolving Solution Procedure for AHP --- p.44
Chapter 4.5 --- An Illustrative Numerical Example in AHP --- p.48
Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- ANP MODEL --- p.51
Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction of ANP --- p.51
Chapter 5.2 --- ANP Models for Government --- p.53
Chapter 5.2.1. --- Benefit to Government --- p.55
Chapter 5.2.2. --- Cost to Government --- p.54
Chapter 5.2.3. --- Risk to Government --- p.54
Chapter 5.3 --- ANP Models for Investors --- p.56
Chapter 5.3.1 --- Benefit to Investors --- p.56
Chapter 5.3.2 --- Cost to Investors --- p.56
Chapter 5.3.3 --- Risk to Investors --- p.56
Chapter 5.4 --- ANP Models for Users --- p.56
Chapter 5.4.1 --- Benefit to Users --- p.56
Chapter 5.4.2 --- Cost to Users --- p.58
Chapter 5.4.3 --- Risk to Users --- p.58
Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- RISK SHARING IN CENTER DESIGN ´ؤ USING ANP MODEL --- p.60
Chapter 6.1 --- Aggregated Benefit-Cost-Risk ANP Model --- p.60
Chapter 6.2 --- Sensitivity Analysis of ANP Model in an AHP Fashion --- p.61
Chapter 6.3 --- Sensitivity Analysis of General ANP Model --- p.62
Chapter 6.4 --- A Conflict-Resolving Solution Procedure for ANP --- p.63
Chapter 6.5 --- An Illustrative Numerical Example in ANP --- p.66
Chapter CHAPTER 7 --- p.69
CONCLUSION --- p.69
BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.71

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46

Zannoni, Elio. "Jewellery store robbery: a victim risk and intervention perspective". Diss., 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1693.

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The exploratory study investigated jewellery store robbery from a victim risk and intervention perspective. An explanation of the phenomenon was offered based on the information obtained from a review of the existing literature, case studies, personal observations at jewellery stores, discussions with jewellers, a scientific questionnaire submitted to jewellers, and semi-structured and structured interviews conducted with a group of knowledgeable respondents and victimised jewellers respectively. A predominantly quantitative research method was applied. The research findings obtained during the study enabled a proposal for a jewellery store robbery intervention model based on the situational crime prevention perspective, which is inclusive of decisional, environmental, situational, procedural, personnel and business-oriented strategies.
Criminology
M.A. (Criminology)

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