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Riviere, Marie. "Le commerce électronique : aspects juridiques". Poitiers, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009POIT3011.
Pełny tekst źródłaBy wanting to fit tighly electronic trade in a limitative legal framework risks creating a disparity with the tradional trade, but even more imposing on it technical peculiarities sources of certain distrusts and moreover badly adapted to the addressee's needs. It is therefore important to exceed the successive disputations to the electronic support of trade tosearch a total juridical vision of electronic trade and avoid the feeling of a dispersion of the applicable rules. To introduce the juridical aspects of electronic trade and measure the impact of electronic form on right, law "économie numérique" (si c'est le NOM d'une loi) and its subsequent evolutions embrace group of juridical operations of the electronic trade inserting advertising by electronic way and contract by electronique way. The commercial and electronic advertising leads to the application of several dispersed texts which delimit the regime applicable to advertising in general. The elaboration of specific dispositions in advertising by electronic way imposes to determine the right of electronic advertising, as well as influence of electronics on the contents of advertising and its borders. The contract is the natural juridical support of exercise of electronic trade. Also it is necessary to introduce rules applicable to training and to execution of the contract of electronic trade. The training of the contract of electronic trade was the work of numerous studies, which allow to specify the influence of electronics on the training of the contract of electronic trade, both on thorough requirements and on the requirements of form. On the other hand, the execution of the contract of electronic trade was not much studied while it is about a source critical stage of bone of contention regulation of which contributes to reassure electronic trade
Vosgien, Sébastien. "Gouverner le commerce au XVIIIe siècle. Conseil et Bureau de commerce". Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020071.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe Council and Bureau of commerce formed the major body of the royal administration of commerce in the XVIIIth century. Although the king never attended the weekly assemblies, this institution, created in 1700 and abolished in 1791, contributed to shape the French economy at the time. Placed at the top of an institutional pyramid, this organization is narrowly associated with the elaboration and enforcement of the economic right. One of its most prominent features is the very influential presence of Deputies of commerce. These Deputies, at least, constituted a third party liable to give credit to the institution in relation to the forces of the economy. In addition, a strong institutional integration tended to bring together almost organically the Chambres de commerce, the corporations and the manufactures with the central body. Contrary to a somewhat shortview vision of “dirigisme”, the Council/Bureau of commerce operated a deeply conventional economy throughout the first half of the century. This institution allows for the meeting of all the entities interested in commerce, and shapes the relationship between central power and private operators, which was seemingly ambiguous. During the second half of the century, the Bureau of commerce dramatically switches its politics, in order to build a “first” economic liberalism. The language and the appropriation of new economic and ideological concepts demonstrate the high degree of influence this liberalism enjoys
Lemarchand, Nathalie. "Commerce et structure urbaine". Rouen, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ROUEL156.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe evolution for retail locations between 1982 and 1990 is analysed in the urban area of Rouen and Elbeuf. The lack of available spatialized information leads to the improvement of an automated mailing system. This method allows the analysis at a large for the whole urban area. The study of retail trade is considered in the geographic perspective of the interference with the social structure of the city
Martin, Julien. "Prix, qualité et commerce international". Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010035.
Pełny tekst źródłaSchwartz, Thierry. "La gestion du fonds de commerce indivis". Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOD007.
Pełny tekst źródłaSeidowsky, Oswald. "Le fonds de commerce numérique". Paris 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA020043.
Pełny tekst źródłaMoine-Dupuis, Isabelle. "Les choses hors commerce : notion et régime". Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOD005.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe thesis sets out to define the legal limits surrounding trade in property and subsidiarity to demonstrate that res extra commercium form a coherent legal category. This category drives from another notion, that of the legal human person. This alone can justify that certain sings currently lie outside the scope of legal trade (whatever the subject concerned) : it is the human person, in the legal sense of the term, regarding the human body and its associated moral rights (its image, privacy, its creations, etc. ). The contracts that subjects are allowed to enter into that do not directly concern their legal person, which is not an object, but about things that are bound to it, should not entail them losing legal possession over such things. The danation of organs or blood is, in this respect, a unitaleral deed which does not created any legal obligation, in the same way as the exercice of the right of the individual. Another area where certain items are excluded from trade is that of the natural and cultural environment of the human person
Vorapeth, Kham. "Le commerce français en Indochine et en Asie orientale (1860-1945) : les maisons de commerce françaises et l'essor du commerce colonial". Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA070091.
Pełny tekst źródłaFrance was present in Indo-China for 1ess than one century starting from 1859 till the end of the Second World War and the beginning of the Indo-China war in 1946. From the very first days of the colonisation, tradesmen, merchants took the lead from soldiers, as the matter of fact, they settled in Indo-China with varying success. They were the key actors of colonial system and were often forgotten by History to the beneficiary of warriors, diplomats, missionaries and ethnographers. This research on the History of the French colonial period has been carried out under the business approach from local or French fragmentary archives, rounded off by testimonies and stories of the last witness. The present thesis relates the dawn and the development of the commerce and the exchange flows established between France and its colony and also with its Eastern Asia neighbouring. It focused on the story of the pioneers who founded the first trading companies as well as their evolution and the relations they had with their environment. In addition, this thesis describes the "success story" of one of the most reputable and admired Trading Company in Indochina: Denis-Frères. Among the various conclusions which spring up, its appears that Indochina's trade balances withy France were always negative, the colony had always financed its needs and its infrastructure development by purchasing manufactured products and equipment from France thanks to its revenues from the sales of rice, coal, rubber to Eastern Asia countries. The above was possible because of the predominant position captured by fifteen large French colonial trading companies in various sectors of the economy
Duval, Michèle. "La ville et les déchets du commerce". Le Mans, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LEMAA010.
Pełny tekst źródłaVan, Dyk Garritt. "Commerce, Food, and Identity in Seventeenth-Century England and France". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/15638.
Pełny tekst źródłaMoreira, Flávia Cruz. "Le commerce franco-brésilien de 1945 à 1964". Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030134.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis studies the french-Brazilian trade from 1945 to 1964. For this purposes it takes into account statistical global data, allowing to a macro-economic approach, as well as archive's data that give an idea of the rule of different actors and authorities at the time. The thesis main goals are to dra up the products exchange evolution and to understand French attitude in trading with Brazil. Specially the French position about Brazilian economics evolution, particularly the industrialisation program launche by Brazil. How trade and French exports adapted to the new factors of Brazilian economy. How different actors reacted to Brazilian restraints. And also if French companies settlement in Brazil had an influence on the trade flows
Saghri, Mohammad. "Les effets de commerce dans le Droit des procédures collectives (faillites)". Nice, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NICE0004.
Pełny tekst źródłaMayneris, Florian. "Economie géographique, Commerce et Performances des Entreprises". Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0125.
Pełny tekst źródłaBathem, Léopold Evariste. "Commerce international et investissements étrangers directs : aspects juridiques". Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05D007.
Pełny tekst źródłaRéciprocity of links between international trade and foreign direct investment entails the adaptation of international economic law. These last years were marked by the fast development of international commercial exchanges and foreign direct investment flows. This expansion has favored the liberalization of domestic legislation in both fields and the proliferation of bilateral, regional agreements, and the opening of works within the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Dévelopment and the World Trade Organization in order to adopt multilatéral rules applicable to foreign direct investment. Of course a régulation exists regarding international trade and foreign direct investment, but il is still fragmentary. In the future, this régulation should reinforce itself further to a multilatéral négotiation. Therefore, the préparation, under the aegis of the World Trade Organization, of new rules relating to foreign direct investment and international trade appears as a credible alternative. These uniform rules with a universal vocation should have a binding legal force to better answer to the internationalization of companies and the indépendence of économies. Such an action at the multilatéral level ensures a strong foundation of the links between international trade and foreign direct investment in the legal spere. Indeed it is a matter of preparing a multilateral legal framework including high standards for the liberalization and protection of international investments with an efficient system of settlement of disputes
Becuwe, Stéphane. "Analyses théoriques et empiriques du commerce intra-branche : application au commerce extérieur, 1850-1980 et à l'industrie automobile, 1974-1987". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988IEPP0020.
Pełny tekst źródłaRezek, Stéphane. "Théorie et pratique de la vente du fonds de commerce". Bordeaux 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR40025.
Pełny tekst źródłaExamining the practice of the sale of ongoing businesses can sometimes allow one to note an interpretation of texts that is contrary to the spirit of the legislator. It may be that the sales of craft businesses are therefore qualified as sales of ongoing businesses. The search for the preferential liens that are likely to affect the sold business requires that several statements of the registrations of existing preferential liens be requested. The notion of turnovers and profits mandatorily mentioned in the sale and purchase agreement requires a particular review of the accounting documents. The allocation of parts of the price is not insignificant in the search for the preferential liens that are likely to guarantee the bank loan or deferred payment. The principles of strict interpretation of the texts and speciality of the preferential liens, at the time of their registration, must be observed. A contrario, certain texts relating to the sale of ongoing businesses become unsuitable for the development of the life of the business, for the composition of the business. The sales of craft businesses should be aligned with those of ongoing businesses; the basis of the pledges should include the goods; the seller's preferential lien should be indivisible; the deadlines given to creditors to object to the price and given to register the preferential liens should be extended
Soumagne, Jean. "Géographie du commerce de détail dans le Centre-Ouest de la France". Bordeaux 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR30007.
Pełny tekst źródłaCentral-western france, a mid-rural mid-urban area of five departments (vendee, deux-sevres, vienne, charente, charente-maritime) inserted between the loire and the gironde rivers, is a medium populated region, without any metropolis. At the beginning og the century, it included a dense framework os small shops. Their irregular spatial distribution depended on fairs, demographic densities, grouped or scattered settlement, consumer behaviours. This organization in "countries" was knocked about by urban growth and supermarkets expansion; within 25 years the latter passed from central positions to establishments at the market town level. This rise has sped up the scarcity of grocer's, even in the traditionally powerful cooperative sector, and also, but less acutely, those of butcher's and baker's. Commercial modernization offers different forms according to its place in the urban hierarchy. In addition to the four main poles which present a complex and moving retailing system, are seven other medium-sized towns whose trade is characterized by their economic and social specificities. Eventually, a lot of small towns have variably resisted the commercial economy and flow restructuration; most of them keep an organizing function. Even on this scale the duality between the center and the suburb is frequent, in connection with the municipal development policies. The attraction of cities and market towns can be noticed through trade areas. The consistencies and often inconsistencies of their evolution is here studied over the last thirty years. The rivalries between supermarket enterprises and big specialized stores, the strong mobility of consumers entail an unsettled geography of customer flows and areas
Kimizuka, Hiroyasu. "Le commerce du vin d'Aquitaine en Bretagne au XVIIIe siècle". Lorient, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORIL315.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe province of Brittany was the most important market for Aquitaine wine in the French kingdom throughout the eighteenth century. It was wines of Bordeaux, Bourg, Blaye and Libourne that satisfied the taste of Breton consumers as far as alcoholic beverages were concerned. The preference of the French Royal Navy for Bordeaux red wine partially explains the high demand for this commodity in Brest. Similarly, Lorient and Nantes needed to store Aquitaine wines for the exportation to the ultramarine market and the consumption of crews on long distance trade ships. Large ports such as Nantes, Lorient and Brest were the hub ports open to the European and ultramarine markets, while secondary ones such as Redon, Vannes and Quimper acted as regional wine warehouses. Shipmasters of Blaye, Plassac and Brittany carried wine from Bordeaux to Breton ports by the coast. They were ship owners and it was therefore local funds that provided to the interregional transport of such goods. Transporters by river and land then redistributed Aquitaine wine from the arrival ports to the places of consumption. Traders, wholesale wine merchants, retailers and fermiers des devoirs were involved in these networks that enabled them to get information about the quality and prices of wine and proceed to their transactions. The consolidation and renewal of these exchange networks ensured lasting distribution channels for wine between Bordeaux and Brittany
Sciardet, Hervé. "Les cadres sociaux du commerce". Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081691.
Pełny tekst źródłaFernandes, Michel. "Les médias électroniques peuvent-ils, en France, se substituer aux intermédiaires du commerce ?" Compiègne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000COMP1260.
Pełny tekst źródłaTranchant, Mathias. "Le commerce maritime rochelais (XIVè - XVè siècle)". Paris, EPHE, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1996EPHE4004.
Pełny tekst źródłaNouvion, André-Pierre. "L'institution des Chambres de commerce : pouvoirs et contrepoids". Paris 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA020013.
Pełny tekst źródłaChambers of commerce, bodies acting as the mouthpiece of business and industrial interests in their dealing at the local level with the public authorities are an institution representing the social stratum of traders and entrepreneurs. A detailed and in-depth analysis of the organisation and operation of this institution reveals that it prospers only in a free and civil society within a liberal social tradition that eschews both utopianism and totalitarianism. This liberal and generous representative function places it in a manifest destiny which must be stutied within the necessary historical perspective. The powers of the institution-bodies constituted into assemblies -are limited ; they are market by the radicalism (and social and moral utilitarianism) of a liberal, a civilising tradition that has both republican and monarchist roots (montesquieu, bentham, bastiat, burke). Its capacities for action relate to management (equipment and infrastructure) and mission (ideas, education) and may be explained in terms of the liberalism of its operation and of the society of which it is a microcosm. - its virue lies in its moderation, guaranteed by the preponderant power of its presidents and elected officers and ensuring that its essentials (calm and continuity) carry greater weight than the necessarily artificial form of its working processus - its principle is an aristocratic one -promoting a more positive social image of
Roblin, Laurent. ""Le commerce de la mer" : Nantes 1680-1730". Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040259.
Pełny tekst źródłaReghioui, Anouar. "L'impact sur le marché de l'emploi français des échanges avec les pays asiatiques". Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX24009.
Pełny tekst źródłaValente, Fabien. "Le code de commerce napoléonien et son application". Lyon 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO33027.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe code of commence in force during most of 19th century contraty to general opinion, the work of the commission drafters was of the lighest quality as proved by the stridy of the doctrine of university and the legislators during the 19 th contory and by the study of jurisprudence as well. The failings of the code underlined by the doctrine in the 19 th century was in fact fictive moreover the changes brought to the code of 1807 by the legislators in the second lialf of the 19 th century regarding companies and bankrupties did not question the existence of the code concerning commerce
Mazou, Clément Blaise. "Les droits du banquier porteur d'effets de commerce". Toulouse 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU10028.
Pełny tekst źródłaAlthough their number is decreasing irreversibly, almost 160 milion bills of exchange still passed in transit through the Bank of France's clearing computers in 1993. This demonstrates the significance of these instruments in the development of interfirm credit. These statistics also reveal the degree to which credit establishment are involved in the exchange mechanism. This raises the question as to whether the guarantees of payment which credit establishments are supposed to gain from, are certain, efficient or whether they are precarious. This study has brought to the fore quite a contrasted observation: the position of bankers is rather worrying, if not even unclear. Though the texts aimed at credit protection have indeed remained unchanged, the position of the banker who gives credit has nevertheless experienced a depreciation, and has even become precarious. The banker's exchange rights have been weakened and this weakness seems to result from the nature of certain bonds, either because they have been withdrawn or because of a lack of acceptance. Also, variations in the interpretation of case law are simply the consequence of the confusion which reigns in this matter. However, paradoxically, it appears that in order to reinforce his exchange rights, the banker can resort to guarantees of payment based on the principal document, a document which does not form part of the bond and generally precedes it. Thus, as well as enabling the reinforcement of the banker's rights by means of deposits and of deposit-related assurances, this principal document allows for the adjustment of the abstract and formalist nature of the obligation of exchange
Kervennic, Mikaël. "La chose hors commerce : Essai sur une catégorie fondamentale du droit". Paris 9, 2007. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2007PA090064.
Pełny tekst źródłaIt is impossible to translate properly the concept "chose hors commerce" from french into english. A "chose hors commerce" is out of the commercial law. An agreement can't be concluded. Pasukanis asserts that there is a juridical fetishism. It is better to say that there is a juridical "commerce" fetishism. The crisis of the french concept "chose hors commerce" is a symptom of many contradictions in the juridical system and a great danger for democracy. It is necessary to rebuild this concept with a new theory of public policy and human dignity. The consequence is a new repartition of power. .
El, Ayoubi Omar. "Le contrat du commerce électronique sur l'Internet : formation et exécution". Toulouse 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU10031.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe internet network does not only allow the exchange of information but also offers companies a window to promote their activities outside their traditional location ; it is a new tool that enables creating e-commerce contracts, which have singular characteristics because of their conclusion mode. Those characteristics are the reason of many legal problems concerning mainly the meeting of minds, the ability of the undertaker, the contract creation date, payment security issues, and finally the competent jurisdiction and the applicable law. It is appropriate to ask if there will be a need for new legal rules and regulations especially for eletronic contracts, or on the contrary, the traditional rules and regulations of contracts, with exception of some adaptations, are perfectly applicable to that contract ? This is the main question that we will try to answer by successively studying the formation (Part I), and the execution the electronic commerce contract (Part II)
Parreau, Christophe. "Les ports de commerce moyens du versant manche-atlantique francais : etude geographique". Nantes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NANT3003.
Pełny tekst źródłaMermet, Anne-Cécile. "Commerce et patrimoine dans les centres historiques : vers un nouveau type d'espace de consommation". Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010692.
Pełny tekst źródłaStenta, Michel. "Compétitivité, exportation et dynamique industrielle des régions françaises". Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX32001.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe present study deals with the juncture of two economies : regional and international. It is in keeping with a relatively recent theoretical context that quite clearly outlines the new "international-regional" paradigm. The introduction within a regional framework of methods developed in the international economy creates "dimension effects" that work to the advantage of both sectors on the conceptual level, the spatial externalities of which (usually known as agglomeration economies) constitute the fundamental meeting point. The first section deals theoretically with the working relations between export, competitiveness and economic growth. It is hoped to show that the interest in introducing the concepts and methods of the international economy in a regional sphere goes beyond that of simple transposition, and that developments usually conducted internationally can provide the local mechanisms of competitiveness and growth with a wider scope. The second section aims to analyze the industrial dynamic of french regions as regards export for the period 1975-1990. . .
Korchia, Michaël. "Connaissances des marques stockées en mémoire par les consommateurs : modèle théorique et test empirique". Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX3A001.
Pełny tekst źródłaPourchasse, Pierrick. "La France et le commerce de l'Europe du nord au XVIIIe siècle". Lorient, 2003. http://books.openedition.org/pur/21511.
Pełny tekst źródłaMaritime exchanges between the North and Western Europe have played a major role in the whole of European trade since year 1000 until early modern times. France had a great advantage when organising trade to Nordic countries as she had potential shipments to export as well as to import. Although such exchanges were developing, France did not take part in the trade with the North, it’s flag was rarely seen in the Baltic and most of the transactions were carried out by foreign middlemen. During the XVIIIth century, the attitude and lake of ambition of both the traders and the State took over from a real policy aimed at conquering the market. The presence of French ships in the Baltic was very limited until the end of the Ancien Régime. Explanations for the French absence in the North have not changed since the XVIIIth century. This work endeavours ton bring some new answers to the problem
Soumagne, Jean Barrère Pierre. "Géographie du commerce de détail dans le Centre-Ouest de la France /". Poitiers (97 Av. du Recteur-Pineau, 86022 Cedex) : J. Soumagne, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb358342237.
Pełny tekst źródłaMillogo, Doslalo Albert. "Commerce et migrations internationales dans le bassin méditerranéen : cas de la France". Thesis, Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL2010/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe Euro-Mediterranean trade has grown up a lot in the early 2000. At the same time, the migration issue has been highlighted due to an explosion of illegal immigration in the Southern Europe countries. The aim of this thesis is to study some current economic impact this immigration in the French case. We address the issues of trade and migration relationship, migration policy, and spatial location of immigrants in France. Using recent data and shaping factors little used empirically, we highlight the specific characteristics of immigration in France. We also provide explanations to the contribution of immigrants to the domestic, as well as increasing bilateral trade with the country. In terms of economic policies, it lies firstly in the implementation of facilitating business opportunities between France and the countries of origin. This is necessary to take more profit from the positive impact of immigration on bilateral trade. On the other hand, problems identified in migration policies call for a necessary harmony of policies, at European level, for more effective management. Such objectives require the involvement of countries of origin to facilitate legal migration, and limit illegal entries. Finally, the spatial location of immigrants indicates that their concentration at regional level has a negative impact on their contribution to production. The solution may lie in a detailed analysis of the structure, and the integration of immigrant populations’ process
Millogo, Doslalo Albert. "Commerce et migrations internationales dans le bassin méditerranéen : cas de la France". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2015. http://bu.univ-tln.fr/userfiles/file/intranet/travuniv/theses/eco_gestion/2015/2015_Millogo_Doslalo_Albert.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe Euro-Mediterranean trade has grown up a lot in the early 2000. At the same time, the migration issue has been highlighted due to an explosion of illegal immigration in the Southern Europe countries. The aim of this thesis is to study some current economic impact this immigration in the French case. We address the issues of trade and migration relationship, migration policy, and spatial location of immigrants in France. Using recent data and shaping factors little used empirically, we highlight the specific characteristics of immigration in France. We also provide explanations to the contribution of immigrants to the domestic, as well as increasing bilateral trade with the country. In terms of economic policies, it lies firstly in the implementation of facilitating business opportunities between France and the countries of origin. This is necessary to take more profit from the positive impact of immigration on bilateral trade. On the other hand, problems identified in migration policies call for a necessary harmony of policies, at European level, for more effective management. Such objectives require the involvement of countries of origin to facilitate legal migration, and limit illegal entries. Finally, the spatial location of immigrants indicates that their concentration at regional level has a negative impact on their contribution to production. The solution may lie in a detailed analysis of the structure, and the integration of immigrant populations’ process
Court, de Fontmichel Alexandre. "L'arbitre, le juge et les pratiques illicites du commerce international". Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020106.
Pełny tekst źródłaLambert, Pascal. "Stratégie du grand commerce moderne : flexibilité et maîtrise dynamique de l'offre". Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010014.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe search for flexibility has lead the large retail chain to take special measures to ensure means and resources. These special forms of organisation - the continuous expansion of the offering to embrace specialty goods and services, the proliferation of the private label, the gradual acquisition of the control of the interchange of goods upstream from the retail outlets can be described as structures aimed at flexibility. The transition from a state of adaptibility to a dynamic management of opportunity and the structures seeking flexibility is one directed at increasing the numbers of controlled variables. This transition demonstrates a new strategy of dynamic control of the offering. In this framework, the large retail chain tends to extend its domain of competences higher up the channel and to substitute its own objectives for these of its suppliers. One is then lead to envisage the mass market chain as a decision center tending to coodinate higher up the channel the activities of a growing number of economics agents, goods and services providers, to whom it selectively delegates certain functions while at the same time assuring final value for the consummer. The principles of mass market retailing are identified and limits of the business environnement of the 90s are highlighted. Finally the concepts relating to the strategy of the distribution holding company and the activity unit receive a specific analysis
Soria, Audrey. "La Chambre de commerce de Lyon au XIXe siècle : 1832-1908". Lyon 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO20033.
Pełny tekst źródłaChamber of commerce lyon's history, in the nineteenth century, can be divised in two periods : from 1832 to 1871, a construction time; from 1871 to 1908, a consolidation and modernization time. The ordinance of 1832 starts, for the whole nineteenth century, the consular institution part, for what she gives a strict juridical framework defining, at one and the same time, his duties and his relations with the political power. It is in this period that chamber of commerce lyon's enters into partnership with free trade. From 1871 forward, the consular institution is confronted with new questions : employer's association, commercial representation, especially opposition to free trade. Nevertheless, in the end of the century, the law of 1908 allows her to open to the little trade
Bouvel, Adrien. "Le principe de spécialité dans le droit des signes distinctifs : contribution à l'étude de la liberté du commerce et de l'industrie". Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020110.
Pełny tekst źródłaAsselain, Maud. "La distinction des actes civils et de commerce : contribution à l'étude du concept de commercialité". Bordeaux 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR40040.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe distinction between civil and commercial contracts is fundamental in french private law. Whether the contract is considered civil or commercial carries significant consequences, especially in the relevant legal rules (concerning for instance what jurisdiction will be competent). Although fundamental, the distinction is not free from uncertainties. There is no legal definition of commerciality and the jurisprudence lacks firmness and consistency. Any attempt at defining commerciality in terms of exercising enterprise, business or speculation activities turns out to be inadaquate to find a clear-cut dividing line. No perfect criterion of comerciality can exist. This rises the question whether the present distinction should not be given up or at least substantially modified. As a matter of fact, reuniting the whole of civil and commercial contracts, or, on the contrary, splitting them into a number of sub-categories, would not provide a proper solution. So we argue for a new definition of commerciality on the basis of a new criterion : being a professional businessman. Our solution is justified by the fact that all professional businessmen behave much the same way, in contradistinction to non professionals. This new distinction between professional and non professional contracts is apt to bring clearness and consistency to private law
Gardey, Philippe Poussou Jean-Pierre. "Négociants et marchands de Bordeaux : de la guerre d'Amérique à la Restauration, 1780-1830 /". Paris : PUPS, 2009. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41415667n.
Pełny tekst źródłaEn appendice, choix de documents. Bibliogr. p. 575-603. Notes bibliogr. Index. PUPS = Presses de l'Université Paris-Sorbonne.
Snonyi, Catherine. "Le contrôle de l'implantation des grandes surfaces en France et en Allemagne". Nice, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NICE0024.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe growing importance of hypermarkets in the commercial sector emphasizes the essential fact that there is a tendency to concentrate at the distribution level. This process has developped in several stages, from horizontal concentration which has challenged the notion of independent business, to vertical concentration which has contributed to the development of the commercial sector. In order to curb the developmentof large distribution centers occuring at the expense of more traditional types of shops, preventive legilsation has been enacted in franceas well as in germany. Yet the latter measures have not hindered the restructurinf of the distribution sector. On the contrary, they have constituted a framework favorable to the emergence of private economic interests. Now, economic might in mass distribution is characterised as much by the concentration of structures and the institution of powers of control and dependence on different types of ousiness, as by the capacity to dominate the production sector and to assume control of the final market. It appears that the provisions governing concentration are meant to supervise this power of regulation of the market exercised by private distribution interests rather than to check the process of concentration
Cerisier, Patrick. "Le commerce des grains dans la France du Nord, fin XVIIe-1790 (Artois, Flandre, Hainaut, Cambrésis)". Lille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL30008.
Pełny tekst źródłaGrignon, Philippe. "Le fondement de l'indemnité de fin de contrat des intermédiaires du commerce". Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON10002.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe right for indemnity of the damage caused by the extinction of the contract, whether it is bound to the possibility of the right to get untied or to the manner to exercise that right, is founded on the notions of loyalty and fairness. Its benefit is however limited to the intermediaries whose mission is to seek customers, and materialised by the payment of customery due or by the payment of compensation due. Legal origin of the due, the contract of representation forbids the payment of the contract cessation due to the intermediaries exercising retailing trade. The notion of custom, should however constitude its distinction, for a better coherence of the rules due, when it is recuperated or kept when the contract ceases
Gagnet, Philippe. "La cartographie des activités commerciales : contribution à l'analyse géographique du commerce français". Paris 12, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA120052.
Pełny tekst źródłaUsing concepts of "graphique" and "semiologie graphique", showing the new contributions of color and automatic maps, this thesis describes a methodology of commercial activities maps. After a recall about geography of commercial activities and maps, it contains a technical (information analysis) and geographical models (various scales for making these maps : local, conurbation, geographical region) with much examples. The map interest for a commercial geography study is totally affirmed. Trade professionals are very caller but they don't know the right mapping rules. At last, the map is an excellent stand for the diffusion and developping research in geography of commercial activities, out of universities, conducing to realize gegraphical analysis possibilities
Eldem, Edhem. "Le commerce français d'Istanbul au XVIIIème siècle". Aix-Marseille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX10006.
Pełny tekst źródłaCheng, Fan. "Le commerce contemporain et la ville : le cas de l'agglomération bordelaise". Bordeaux 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR30014.
Pełny tekst źródłaUrban contemporary commerce has the most important influence to a city. It play an important role not only in the economical circumstance but also in the social circumstance. In the years of sixties, seventies and eighties, new commercial center had been constructed in all of the western world. A new urban commercial landscape has appeared in a city center and city suburb region. Today we are entering in a post modem society, or so called + net- working, information ; society. With this type of society, urban commerce will play a more important role than ever, it will deeply change its relation with the city and its structure form. Electronic commerce will totally upset the urban commercial structure. Consumers have all liberty to choice a site when they do their shopping. There is no limit of influence zone for an electronic commercial establishment. From 1965, the urban commerce of the agglomeration bordeaux has profoundly changed in space and in the model of distribution. How these contemporary commercial changes make marks on bordeaux? what's today's urban commercial landscape of bordeaux? where consumers do their shopping? what's the profile of these clients? what's the future of urban commerce. All these questions are these questions that i have tried to answer in my thesis
Makhloufi, Abdelouahab. "Construction de la confiance sur un site marchand : communication et commerce électronique en France". Paris 13, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA131010.
Pełny tekst źródłaOur research aims at studying consumer trust into webmerchant. Consumers are increasingly confronted with Internet sellers who are unknown to him, several researchers reflect on the factors underlying the generation of trust. We are interested in the factors related to a trusted third party. Specifically, we investigate the role of third parties in trust building on a webmerchant. The results of the experiment which was conducted among a sample of 200 peoples showed that: (1) - the presence on the site, the trusted third party increase consumer trust into the market, (2) - trust is built according to a model that we developed, (3) - Trust is a determinant of intent to purchase on the site, intending to return to the site and the intention to recommend the site
Monlauzeur, Antonin. "La marine de commerce française : évolution economique et stratégique des origines à nos jours". Nice, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NICE0031.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe sea has always been an obstacle; in order to overcome this obstacle, men, for ages, have invented floating devices. Technical progress has kept improving the reliability of ships , so the sea has become a means of communication between men but also a battle field. The french state has played a non-negligible part , spurred on by the mercantilist thought ; a merchant navy and colonies go hand in hand. All along the 19 th century , the liberal theory , both slows down the development of the state and increase competition. When colonial imperialism appears , then the merchant navy finds it profitable. If , in the first half of the 20 th century , the keynesian theory has led to the reinforcement of the role of the state , the liberal theory that then followed, gave birth to structural changes, that are still pelt by the french merchant navy : free registration flags tend to replace national flags. The "zero option" hypothesis - the end ofships flying the french flag - has been mentioned, concerning the french navy. Are we now witnessing the advent of a multinational merchant navy ?