Artykuły w czasopismach: „Combining logics”

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Jánossy, A., Á. Kurucz i Á. E. Eiben. "Combining Algebraizable Logics". Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 37, nr 2 (kwiecień 1996): 366–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1305/ndjfl/1040046092.

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RASGA, JOÃO, CRISTINA SERNADAS i AMÍLCAR SERNADAS. "PRESERVATION OF ADMISSIBLE RULES WHEN COMBINING LOGICS". Review of Symbolic Logic 9, nr 4 (17.08.2016): 641–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755020316000241.

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AbstractAdmissible rules are shown to be conservatively preserved by the meet-combination of a wide class of logics. A basis is obtained for the resulting logic from bases given for the component logics, under mild conditions. A weak form of structural completeness is proved to be preserved by the combination. Decidability of the set of admissible rules is also shown to be preserved, with no penalty on the time complexity. Examples are provided for the meet-combination of intermediate and modal logics.

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Gabelaia, D., R. Kontchakov, A. Kurucz, F. Wolter i M. Zakharyaschev. "Combining Spatial and Temporal Logics: Expressiveness vs. Complexity". Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 23 (1.02.2005): 167–243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.1537.

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In this paper, we construct and investigate a hierarchy of spatio-temporal formalisms that result from various combinations of propositional spatial and temporal logics such as the propositional temporal logic PTL, the spatial logics RCC-8, BRCC-8, S4u and their fragments. The obtained results give a clear picture of the trade-off between expressiveness and `computational realisability' within the hierarchy. We demonstrate how different combining principles as well as spatial and temporal primitives can produce NP-, PSPACE-, EXPSPACE-, 2EXPSPACE-complete, and even undecidable spatio-temporal logics out of components that are at most NP- or PSPACE-complete.

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RABE, FLORIAN. "A logical framework combining model and proof theory". Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 23, nr 5 (1.03.2013): 945–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129512000424.

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Mathematical logic and computer science have driven the design of a growing number of logics and related formalisms such as set theories and type theories. In response to this population explosion, logical frameworks have been developed as formal meta-languages in which to represent, structure, relate and reason about logics.Research on logical frameworks has diverged into separate communities, often with conflicting backgrounds and philosophies. In particular, two of the most important logical frameworks are the framework of institutions, from the area of model theory based on category theory, and the Edinburgh Logical Framework LF, from the area of proof theory based on dependent type theory. Even though their ultimate motivations overlap – for example in applications to software verification – they have fundamentally different perspectives on logic.In the current paper, we design a logical framework that integrates the frameworks of institutions and LF in a way that combines their complementary advantages while retaining the elegance of each of them. In particular, our framework takes a balanced approach between model theory and proof theory, and permits the representation of logics in a way that comprises all major ingredients of a logic: syntax, models, satisfaction, judgments and proofs. This provides a theoretical basis for the systematic study of logics in a comprehensive logical framework. Our framework has been applied to obtain a large library of structured and machine-verified encodings of logics and logic translations.

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Ågotnes, Thomas, i Natasha Alechina. "Coalition logic with individual, distributed and common knowledge1". Journal of Logic and Computation 29, nr 7 (15.08.2018): 1041–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/logcom/exv085.

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Abstract Coalition logic is currently one of the most popular logics for multi-agent systems. While logics combining coalitional and epistemic operators have received considerable attention, completeness results for epistemic extensions of coalition logic have so far been missing. In this paper we provide several such results and proofs. We prove completeness for epistemic coalition logic with common knowledge, with distributed knowledge, and with both common and distributed knowledge, respectively. Furthermore, we completely characterise the complexity of the satisfiability problem for each of the three logics. We also study logics with interaction axioms connecting coalitional ability and knowledge.

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Dalpiaz, Elena, Violina Rindova i Davide Ravasi. "Combining Logics to Transform Organizational Agency". Administrative Science Quarterly 61, nr 3 (7.07.2016): 347–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0001839216636103.

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Messing, Barbara. "Combining knowledge with many-valued logics". Data & Knowledge Engineering 23, nr 3 (wrzesień 1997): 297–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-023x(97)00012-8.

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Liang, Chuck, i Dale Miller. "A focused approach to combining logics". Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 162, nr 9 (wrzesień 2011): 679–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apal.2011.01.012.

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Skjølsvik, Tale. "Combining goods and service-dominant logics in purchasing strategies". Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 33, nr 8 (1.10.2018): 1087–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-09-2017-0220.

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Purpose While goods- and service-dominant logics are separated in most research as alternative and often incompatible paradigms, this paper aims to show how these logics can be and are combined in purchasing strategies in organizations. The paper also illustrates that multiple logics exist in addition to purely goods- or service-based logics. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on empirical data on the purchasing of management consulting services, which represent an extreme context for understanding the combination and intersection of goods- and service-dominant logics. In particular, four in-depth case studies and interviews with 51 sellers and 30 buyers of management consulting services are used to develop a typology of purchasing approaches that combines goods- and service-dominant logics. Findings The study shows that goods- and service-dominant logics are combined in two main purchasing phases: supplier set selection and assignment selection. In both these phases, parallel and knowledge-based, embedded and experience-based approaches were identified as ways of combining goods- and service-dominant logics in the purchasing context. Research limitations/implications The research presented in the following adds to our existing understanding of possible purchasing strategies under multiple logics in buying organizations. Future research should explore the conditions under which different strategies are and should be applied in organizations. Practical implications This paper gives practitioners alternative approaches to choose from in their purchasing and sales of knowledge-intensive services, in addition to transactional and relational strategies. Originality/value The research adds to existing research on business and industrial marketing by identifying particular purchasing strategies on a continuum between goods- and service-dominant logics.

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Onishi, Tamaki. "Venture Philanthropy and Practice Variations: The Interplay of Institutional Logics and Organizational Identities". Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 48, nr 2 (17.01.2019): 241–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0899764018819875.

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While institutional logics and organizational identity become effective theoretical lenses to analyze hybrid organizations, the literature often focuses on tensions between multiple logics or multiple identities and remains relatively silent regarding how logics and identities simultaneously constrain organizations and how organizations respond to incompatibilities as well as compatibilities between logic and identity. To address this gap, the present study draws from burgeoning research that theorizes identity as an integral part of the mechanism from which logics shape organizational decision making. I examined how social-welfare/commercial logics and social/businesslike identities directly and indirectly shape 138 organizations’ practices of venture philanthropy—a hybrid approach combining philanthropy and venture capitalism. The findings confirm identity’s overall mediating effects and offer new theoretical insights into organizational responses to logic–identity incompatibility, especially the dominant role of social identity in consistently suppressing external pressures from commercial logic, whereas businesslike identity overcomes social-welfare logic only associated with the nonprofit status.

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Boricic, Branislav. "Impossibility theorems in multiple von Wright’s preference logic". Ekonomski anali 59, nr 201 (2014): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka1401069b.

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By using the standard combining logics technique (D. M. Gabbay 1999) we define a generalization of von Wright?s preference logic (G. H. von Wright 1963) enabling to express, on an almost propositional level, the individual and the social preference relations simultaneously. In this context we present and prove the counterparts of crucial results of the Arrow-Sen social choice theory, including impossibility theorems (K. Arrow 1951 and A. K. Sen 1970b), as well as some logical interdependencies between the dictatorship condition and the Pareto rule, and thus demonstrate the power and applicability of combining logics method in mathematical economics.

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Kuznets, Roman, i Björn Lellmann. "Interpolation for intermediate logics via injective nested sequents". Journal of Logic and Computation 31, nr 3 (kwiecień 2021): 797–831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/logcom/exab015.

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Abstract We introduce a novel, semantically inspired method of constructing nested sequent calculi for propositional intermediate logics. Applying recently developed methods for proving Craig interpolation to these nested sequent calculi, we obtain constructive proofs of the interpolation property for most non-trivial interpolable intermediate logics, as well as Lyndon interpolation for Gödel logic. Finally, we provide a prototype implementation combining proof search and countermodel construction.

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Madhusudan, P., Gennaro Parlato i Xiaokang Qiu. "Decidable logics combining heap structures and data". ACM SIGPLAN Notices 46, nr 1 (26.01.2011): 611–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1925844.1926455.

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Iashin, Boris Leonidovich. "Non-Classical Logics in Modern Science". Философская мысль, nr 1 (styczeń 2023): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8728.2023.1.39350.

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Non-classical logicians have significantly expanded the traditional field of using logical methods. The first of them was the three-digit logic of Y. Lukasevich. Next came the three-digit logic of A. Bochvar, the "quantum logics" of G. Reichenbach and P. Detush-Fevrier, infinite-valued, probabilistic and other logics. The possibilities of non-classical logics have become widely used in various branches of scientific knowledge. Polysemantic, fuzzy, intuitionistic, modal, relevant and paranoherent, temporal and other non-classical logics are widely used today in physics, computational mathematics, computer science, linguistics, jurisprudence, ethics and other fields of natural science and socio-humanitarian knowledge. The recently increased interest in non-classical logics is explained, first of all, by the fact that various philosophical, syntactic, semantic and metalogical problems that were previously discussed in the scientific community are being replaced by practical interests. The main source of such interest is their wide application in computer science, artificial intelligence and programming. The logic of causality is used in the interpretation of the concepts of "law of nature", "ontological necessity" and "determinism"; temporal modal logics - for modeling, specification and verification of software systems of logical control; logics with vector semantics, combining the features of fuzzy and para-contradictory logics - in solving problems of dynamic verification of production knowledge bases and expert systems.

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Maseleno, Andino, Md Mahmud Hasan i Norjaidi Tuah. "Combining Fuzzy Logic and Dempster-Shafer Theory". TELKOMNIKA Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering 16, nr 3 (1.12.2015): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/tijee.v16i3.1651.

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This research aims to combine the mathematical theory of evidence with the rule based logics to refine the predictable output. Integrating Fuzzy Logic and Dempster-Shafer theory by calculating the similarity between Fuzzy membership function. The novelty aspect of this work is that basic probability assignment is proposed based on the similarity measure between membership function. The similarity between Fuzzy membership function is calculated to get a basic probability assignment. The Dempster-Shafer mathematical theory of evidence has attracted considerable attention as a promising method of dealing with some of the basic problems arising in combination of evidence and data fusion. Dempster-Shafer theory provides the ability to deal with ignorance and missing information. The foundation of Fuzzy logic is natural language which can help to make full use of expert information.

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Kamide, Norihiro, i Daiki Koizumi. "Method for Combining Paraconsistency and Probability in Temporal Reasoning". Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 20, nr 5 (20.09.2016): 813–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2016.p0813.

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Computation tree logic (CTL) is known to be one of the most useful temporal logics for verifying concurrent systems by model checking technologies. However, CTL is not sufficient for handling inconsistency-tolerant and probabilistic accounts of concurrent systems. In this paper, a paraconsistent (or inconsistency-tolerant) probabilistic computation tree logic (PpCTL) is derived from an existing probabilistic computation tree logic (pCTL) by adding a paraconsistent negation connective. A theorem for embedding PpCTL into pCTL is proven, thereby indicating that we can reuse existing pCTL-based model checking algorithms. A relative decidability theorem for PpCTL, wherein the decidability of pCTL implies that of PpCTL, is proven using this embedding theorem. Some illustrative examples involving the use of PpCTL are also presented.

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Gabbay, D. M. "Fibred semantics and the weaving of logics. Part 1: Modal and intuitionistic logics". Journal of Symbolic Logic 61, nr 4 (grudzień 1996): 1057–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2275807.

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AbstractThis is Part 1 of a paper on fibred semantics and combination of logics. It aims to present a methodology for combining arbitrary logical systems Li, i ∈ I, to form a new system LI. The methodology ‘fibres’ the semantics i of Li into a semantics for LI, and ‘weaves’ the proof theory (axiomatics) of Li into a proof system of LI. There are various ways of doing this, we distinguish by different names such as ‘fibring’, ‘dovetailing’ etc, yielding different systems, denoted by etc. Once the logics are ‘weaved’, further ‘interaction’ axioms can be geometrically motivated and added, and then systematically studied. The methodology is general and is applied to modal and intuitionistic logics as well as to general algebraic logics. We obtain general results on bulk, in the sense that we develop standard combining techniques and refinements which can be applied to any family of initial logics to obtain further combined logics.The main results of this paper is a construction for combining arbitrary, (possibly not normal) modal or intermediate logics, each complete for a class of (not necessarily frame) Kripke models. We show transfer of recursive axiomatisability, decidability and finite model property.Some results on combining logics (normal modal extensions of K) have recently been introduced by Kracht and Wolter, Goranko and Passy and by Fine and Schurz as well as a multitude of special combined systems existing in the literature of the past 20–30 years. We hope our methodology will help organise the field systematically.

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van der Hoeck, Wiebe. "Some considerations on the logics PFD A logic combining modality and probability". Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics 7, nr 3 (styczeń 1997): 287–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11663081.1997.10510916.

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Sernadas, Cristina, João Rasga i Walter A. Carnielli. "Modulated fibring and the collapsing problem". Journal of Symbolic Logic 67, nr 4 (grudzień 2002): 1541–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2178/jsl/1190150298.

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AbstractFibring is recognized as one of the main mechanisms in combining logics, with great significance in the theory and applications of mathematical logic. However, an open challenge to fibring is posed by the collapsing problem: even when no symbols are shared, certain combinations of logics simply collapse to one of them, indicating that fibring imposes unwanted interconnections between the given logics. Modulated fibring allows a finer control of the combination, solving the collapsing problem both at the semantic and deductive levels. Main properties like soundness and completeness are shown to be preserved, comparison with fibring is discussed, and some important classes of examples are analyzed with respect to the collapsing problem.

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Benzmüller, Christoph. "Combining and automating classical and non-classical logics in classical higher-order logics". Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence 62, nr 1-2 (czerwiec 2011): 103–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10472-011-9249-7.

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Levy, Alon Y., i Marie-Christine Rousset. "Combining Horn rules and description logics in CARIN". Artificial Intelligence 104, nr 1-2 (wrzesień 1998): 165–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0004-3702(98)00048-4.

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Benrouba, Ferdaous, i Rachid Boudour. "A Model Combining BDI Logic and Temporal Logics for Decision-Making in Emergency". International Journal of Advances in Soft Computing and its Applications 14, nr 3 (28.11.2022): 32–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15849/ijasca.221128.03.

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Abstract Nowadays, we are dealing with panic and unpleasant situations in which, we are constrained to make crucial decisions in a limited delay, due to the mixed emotions that may affect our decision, especially FEAR, this kind of emotion occurs when unwanted or uncontrollable events are present in the environment. These recent years, fear modelling has been well researched and since this emotion is usually associated with the fact that one or more fundamental desires are at stake Unluckily, most of these models miss that FEAR does not always occur similarly in all agents. This paper proposes a new conceptual architecture with a new component by extending BDI logic with the emotion of FEAR, so that the new Emotional-BDI agents may better cope with extremely dynamic unpleasant situations in their surroundings. We also address how we verify the emotional properties by employing a model checker NuSMV. The proposed architecture confirms that NuSMV can be applied to verify the emotional specifications we can program agents that are capable of reasoning over emotions, our experimental results indicate the viability and efficiency of our model. Keywords: Emotional-BDI, Model checking, NuSMV, CUDD, Unpleasant situations.

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Straccia, U. "Reasoning within Fuzzy Description Logics". Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 14 (1.04.2001): 137–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.813.

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Description Logics (DLs) are suitable, well-known, logics for managing structured knowledge. They allow reasoning about individuals and well defined concepts, i.e., set of individuals with common properties. The experience in using DLs in applications has shown that in many cases we would like to extend their capabilities. In particular, their use in the context of Multimedia Information Retrieval (MIR) leads to the convincement that such DLs should allow the treatment of the inherent imprecision in multimedia object content representation and retrieval. In this paper we will present a fuzzy extension of ALC, combining Zadeh's fuzzy logic with a classical DL. In particular, concepts becomes fuzzy and, thus, reasoning about imprecise concepts is supported. We will define its syntax, its semantics, describe its properties and present a constraint propagation calculus for reasoning in it.

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Baader, F., C. Lutz, H. Sturm i F. Wolter. "Fusions of Description Logics and Abstract Description Systems". Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 16 (1.01.2002): 1–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.919.

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Fusions are a simple way of combining logics. For normal modal logics, fusions have been investigated in detail. In particular, it is known that, under certain conditions, decidability transfers from the component logics to their fusion. Though description logics are closely related to modal logics, they are not necessarily normal. In addition, ABox reasoning in description logics is not covered by the results from modal logics. In this paper, we extend the decidability transfer results from normal modal logics to a large class of description logics. To cover different description logics in a uniform way, we introduce abstract description systems, which can be seen as a common generalization of description and modal logics, and show the transfer results in this general setting.

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LIANG, CHUCK. "On the unification of classical, intuitionistic and affine logics". Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 29, nr 8 (12.10.2018): 1177–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129518000403.

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This article presents a unified logic that combines classical logic, intuitionistic logic and affine linear logic (restricting contraction but not weakening). We show that this unification can be achieved semantically, syntactically and in the computational interpretation of proofs. It extends our previous work in combining classical and intuitionistic logics. Compared to linear logic, classical fragments of proofs are better isolated from non-classical fragments. We define a phase semantics for this logic that naturally extends the Kripke semantics of intuitionistic logic. We present a sequent calculus with novel structural rules, which entail a more elaborate procedure for cut elimination. Computationally, this system allows affine-linear interpretations of proofs to be combined with classical interpretations, such as the λμ calculus. We show how cut elimination must respect the boundaries between classical and non-classical modes of proof that correspond to delimited control effects.

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Beziau, J. Y. "Preface of this special issue: The Challenge of Combining Logics". Logic Journal of IGPL 19, nr 4 (20.01.2010): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jigpal/jzp095.

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Zheng, Xiaoqing. "Combining description logics and Horn rules with uncertainty in ARTIGENCE". Knowledge-Based Systems 24, nr 5 (lipiec 2011): 595–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2011.01.006.

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SCHECHTER, JOSHUA. "JUXTAPOSITION: A NEW WAY TO COMBINE LOGICS". Review of Symbolic Logic 4, nr 4 (12.10.2011): 560–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755020311000219.

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This paper develops a new framework for combining propositional logics, called “juxtaposition.” Several general metalogical theorems are proved concerning the combination of logics by juxtaposition. In particular, it is shown that under reasonable conditions, juxtaposition preserves strong soundness. Under reasonable conditions, the juxtaposition of two consequence relations is a conservative extension of each of them. A general strong completeness result is proved. The paper then examines the philosophically important case of the combination of classical and intuitionist logics. Particular attention is paid to the phenomenon of collapse. It is shown that there are logics with two stocks of classical or intuitionist connectives that do not collapse. Finally, the paper briefly investigates the question of which rules, when added to these logics, lead to collapse.

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Cheng, Yongchao, Kexiang Shan, Yan Xu, Junliang Yang, Jun He i Jie Jiang. "Hardware implementation of photoelectrically modulated dendritic arithmetic and spike-timing-dependent plasticity enabled by an ion-coupling gate-tunable vertical 0D-perovskite/2D-MoS2 hybrid-dimensional van der Waals heterostructure". Nanoscale 12, nr 42 (2020): 21798–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr04950f.

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Bezerra, Edson Vinícius. "Society semantics for four-valued Łukasiewicz logic". Logic Journal of the IGPL 28, nr 5 (29.11.2018): 892–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jigpal/jzy066.

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AbstractWe argue that many-valued logics (MVLs) can be useful in analysing informational conflicts by using society semantics (SSs). This work concentrates on four-valued Łukasiewicz logic. SSs were proposed by Carnielli and Lima-Marques (1999, Advances in Contemporary Logic and Computer Science, 235, 33–52) to deal with conflicts of information involving rational agents that make judgements about propositions according to a given logic within a society, where a society is understood as a collection $\mathcal{A}$ of agents. The interesting point of such semantics is that a new logic can be obtained by combining the logic of the agents under some appropriate rules. Carnielli and Lima-Marques (1999, Advances in Contemporary Logic and Computer Science, 235, 33–52) defined SSs for the three-valued logics $I^{1}$ and $P^{1}$. In this kind of semantics, all the agents reason according to classical logic (CL) and the molecular formulas behave in the same way as in CL (the non-classical character of these logics only appears at the propositional level). Marcos (unpublished data) provided SSs with classical agents for the three-valued Łukasiewicz logic Ł$_{3}$, but in this case, the molecular formulas do not behave classically. We prove here that one can characterize Ł$_{4}^{\prime}$, a conservative extension of Ł$_{4}$ obtained by adding a connective $\blacktriangledown$, by means of a closed society where the agents reason according to Ł$_{3}$. We shall emphasize the importance of recovery operators in the construction of this class of societies. Moreover, we shall relate this semantics to Suszko’s view on the ‘two-valuedness’ of logic.

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Kallio, Kirsi-Mari, Tomi J. Kallio, Giuseppe Grossi i Janne Engblom. "Institutional logic and scholars' reactions to performance measurement in universities". Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 34, nr 9 (13.04.2021): 104–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-03-2018-3400.

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PurposeEmploying institutional logic and institutional work as its theoretical framework, this study analyzes scholars' reactions to performance measurement systems in academia.Design/methodology/approachLarge datasets were collected over time, combining both quantitative and qualitative elements. The data were gathered from a two-wave survey in 2010 (966 respondents) and 2015 (672 respondents), conducted among scholars performing teaching- and research-oriented tasks in three Finnish universities.FindingsThe analysis showed statistically significant changes over time in the ways that the respondents were positioned in three major groups influenced by different institutional logics. This study contributes to the international debate on institutional change in universities by showing that in Finnish universities, emerging business logics and existing professional logics can co-exist and be blended among a growing group of academics. The analysis of qualitative open-ended answers suggests that performance measurement systems have led to changes in institutional logic, which have influenced the scholars participating in institutional work at the microlevel in academia.Social implicationsWhile most scholars remain critical of performance measurement systems in universities, the fact that many academics are adapting to performance measurement systems highlights significant changes that are generally occurring in academia.Originality/valueWhile most extant studies have focused on field- and organizational-level analyses, this study focuses on understanding how the adoption of performance measurement systems affects institutional logic and institutional work at the microlevel. Moreover, the study's cross-sectional research setting increases society's understanding of institutional evolution in academia.

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Eiter, Thomas, Giovambattista Ianni, Thomas Lukasiewicz, Roman Schindlauer i Hans Tompits. "Combining answer set programming with description logics for the Semantic Web". Artificial Intelligence 172, nr 12-13 (sierpień 2008): 1495–539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2008.04.002.

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BAIER, C., E. M. HAHN, B. R. HAVERKORT, H. HERMANNS i J. P. KATOEN. "Model checking for performability". Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 23, nr 4 (8.07.2013): 751–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129512000254.

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This paper gives a bird's-eye view of the various ingredients that make up a modern, model-checking-based approach to performability evaluation: Markov reward models, temporal logics and continuous stochastic logic, model-checking algorithms, bisimulation and the handling of non-determinism. A short historical account as well as a large case study complete this picture. In this way, we show convincingly that the smart combination of performability evaluation with stochastic model-checking techniques, developed over the last decade, provides a powerful and unified method of performability evaluation, thereby combining the advantages of earlier approaches.

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JANSSEN, JEROEN, DIRK VERMEIR, STEVEN SCHOCKAERT i MARTINE DE COCK. "Reducing fuzzy answer set programming to model finding in fuzzy logics". Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 12, nr 6 (21.06.2011): 811–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068411000093.

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AbstractIn recent years, answer set programming (ASP) has been extended to deal with multivalued predicates. The resulting formalismsallow for the modeling of continuous problems as elegantly as ASP allows for the modeling of discrete problems, by combining thestable model semantics underlying ASP with fuzzy logics. However, contrary to the case of classical ASP where manyefficient solvers have been constructed, to date there is no efficient fuzzy ASP solver. A well-knowntechnique for classical ASP consists of translating an ASP program P to a propositional theory whose models exactlycorrespond to the answer sets of P. In this paper, we show how this idea can be extended to fuzzy ASP, paving the wayto implement efficient fuzzy ASP solvers that can take advantage of existing fuzzy logic reasoners.

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Lukácsy, Gergely, i Péter Szeredi. "Combining Description Logics and object oriented models in an information integration framework". Periodica Polytechnica Electrical Engineering 53, nr 1-2 (2009): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/pp.ee.2009-1-2.03.

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Bjerregaard, Toke. "Co-existing institutional logics and agency among top-level public servants: A praxeological approach". Journal of Management & Organization 17, nr 2 (marzec 2011): 194–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1833367200001619.

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AbstractWhile institutional organization research to some extent has neglected the micro agency of organization members, parts of the strategy-as-practice research have tended to bracket off wider societal environments shaping the practices-in-use of top-level strategy practitioners. This article attempts to address parts of this void. This study examines the agency exerted by top-level public servants through their everyday strategy and policy work in face of co-existing logics of public administration. The findings illustrate how their action strategies span from more passive strategies of coping with coexisting logics of administration to more skilled agency of combining logics aimed at enhancing their opportunity and action space. The study suggests that the interplay between co-existing institutional logics, action strategies and the practical skills of top-level public servants provides the basis for both coping and more proactive strategies in pluralistic public administrations. Findings illustrate the role of public servants' practical sense of realizable opportunities that inform such strategies of handling co-existing institutional logics. Implications for institutional studies of organizations are outlined.

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Bjerregaard, Toke. "Co-existing institutional logics and agency among top-level public servants: A praxeological approach". Journal of Management & Organization 17, nr 2 (marzec 2011): 194–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jmo.2011.17.2.194.

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AbstractWhile institutional organization research to some extent has neglected the micro agency of organization members, parts of the strategy-as-practice research have tended to bracket off wider societal environments shaping the practices-in-use of top-level strategy practitioners. This article attempts to address parts of this void. This study examines the agency exerted by top-level public servants through their everyday strategy and policy work in face of co-existing logics of public administration. The findings illustrate how their action strategies span from more passive strategies of coping with coexisting logics of administration to more skilled agency of combining logics aimed at enhancing their opportunity and action space. The study suggests that the interplay between co-existing institutional logics, action strategies and the practical skills of top-level public servants provides the basis for both coping and more proactive strategies in pluralistic public administrations. Findings illustrate the role of public servants' practical sense of realizable opportunities that inform such strategies of handling co-existing institutional logics. Implications for institutional studies of organizations are outlined.

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Voutsadakis, George. "Categorical Abstract Algebraic Logic: Meet-Combination of Logical Systems". Journal of Mathematics 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/126347.

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The widespread and rapid proliferation of logical systems in several areas of computer science has led to a resurgence of interest in various methods for combining logical systems and in investigations into the properties inherited by the resulting combinations. One of the oldest such methods isfibring. In fibring the shared connectives of the combined logics inherit properties frombothcomponent logical systems, and this leads often to inconsistencies. To deal with such undesired effects, Sernadas et al. (2011, 2012) have recently introduced a novel way of combining logics, calledmeet-combination, in which the combined connectives share only thecommonlogical properties they enjoy in the component systems. In their investigations they provide a sound and concretely complete calculus for the meet-combination based on available sound and complete calculi for the component systems. In this work, an effort is made to abstract those results to a categorical level amenable tocategorical abstract algebraic logictechniques.

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Berglund-Snodgrass, Lina, i Dalia Mukhtar-Landgren. "Conceptualizing Testbed Planning: Urban Planning in the Intersection between Experimental and Public Sector Logics". Urban Planning 5, nr 1 (13.03.2020): 96–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v5i1.2528.

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Urban planning is, in many countries, increasingly becoming intertwined with local climate ambitions, investments in urban attractiveness and “smart city” innovation measures. In the intersection between these trends, urban experimentation has developed as a process where actors are granted action space to test innovations in a collaborative setting. One arena for urban experimentation is urban testbeds. Testbeds are sites of urban development, in which experimentation constitutes an integral part of planning and developing the area. This article introduces the notion of testbed planning as a way to conceptualize planning processes in delimited sites where planning is combined with processes of urban experimentation. We define testbed planning as a multi-actor, collaborative planning process in a delimited area, with the ambition to generate and disseminate learning while simultaneously developing the site. The aim of this article is to explore processes of testbed planning with regard to the role of urban planners. Using an institutional logics perspective we conceptualize planners as navigating between a public sector—and an experimental logic. The public sector logic constitutes the formal structure of “traditional” urban planning, and the experimental logic a collaborative and testing governance structure. Using examples from three Nordic municipalities, this article explores planning roles in experiments with autonomous buses in testbeds. The analysis shows that planners negotiate these logics in three different ways, combining and merging them, separating and moving between them or acting within a conflictual process where the public sector logic dominates.

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NOTTELMANN, HENRIK, i NORBERT FUHR. "ADDING PROBABILITIES AND RULES TO OWL LITE SUBSETS BASED ON PROBABILISTIC DATALOG". International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 14, nr 01 (luty 2006): 17–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488506003819.

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This paper proposes two probabilistic extensions of variants of the OWL Lite description language, which are essential for advanced applications like information retrieval. The first step follows the axiomatic approach of combining description logics and Horn clauses: Subsets of OWL Lite are mapped in a sound and complete way onto Horn predicate logics (Datalog variants). Compared to earlier approaches, a larger fraction of OWL Lite can be transformed by switching to Datalog with equality in the head; however, some OWL Lite constructs cannot be transformed completely into Datalog. By using probabilistic Datalog, the new probabilistic OWL Lite subsets (both with support for Horn rules) are defined, and the semantics are given by the semantics of the corresponding probabilistic Datalog program. As inference engines for probabilistic Datalog are available, description logics and information retrieval systems can easily be combined.

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Loscher, Georg, i Stephan Kaiser. "Trustee or salesman:A case study on combining conflicting logics in German accounting firms". Academy of Management Proceedings 2016, nr 1 (styczeń 2016): 10628. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2016.10628abstract.

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De Meo, Pasquale, Luigi Palopoli, Giovanni Quattrone i Domenico Ursino. "Combining Description Logics with synopses for inferring complex knowledge patterns from XML sources". Information Systems 32, nr 8 (grudzień 2007): 1184–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.is.2007.03.003.

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Battilana, Julie, Anne-Claire Pache, Metin Sengul i Jacob Model. "Combining Social Welfare and Market Logics: What drives social performance in socioeconomic hybrids?" Academy of Management Proceedings 2012, nr 1 (lipiec 2012): 13268. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2012.13268abstract.

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Matinheikki, Juri, Nader Naderpajouh, Guillermo Aranda-Mena, Sajani Jayasuriya i Pauline Teo. "Befriending Aliens: Institutional Complexity and Organizational Responses in Infrastructure Public–Private Partnerships". Project Management Journal 52, nr 5 (30.06.2021): 453–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/87569728211024385.

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Public–private partnerships (PPPs) must achieve legitimacy in the form of social acceptance from diverse audiences such as politicians, government agencies, private contractors, interest groups, and the general public. To advance understanding of such delicate balancing among multiple reference audiences, we adopt the lens of institutional theory to illustrate that PPPs inherently exhibit strong institutional complexity due to the presence of multiple institutional logics, making them organizationally challenging to manage. Our theoretical contribution includes the development of a set of propositions to form a conceptual model to explain not only why and how PPPs exhibit institutional complexity, but also how to respond to it through logic by combining strategies such as organizational hybridization.

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WANG, HAIBIN, ANDRÉ ROGATKO, FLORENTIN SMARANDACHE i RAJSHEKHAR SUNDERRAMAN. "A NEUTROSOPHIC DESCRIPTION LOGIC". New Mathematics and Natural Computation 04, nr 03 (listopad 2008): 273–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793005708001100.

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Description Logics (DLs) are appropriate, widely used, logics for managing structured knowledge. They allow reasoning about individuals and concepts, i.e. set of individuals with common properties. Typically, DLs are limited to dealing with crisp, well defined concepts. That is, concepts for which the problem whether an individual is an instance of it is a yes/no question. More often than not, the concepts encountered in the real world do not have a precisely defined criteria of membership: we may say that an individual is an instance of a concept only to a certain degree, depending on the individual's properties. The DLs that deal with such fuzzy concepts are called fuzzy DLs. In order to deal with fuzzy, incomplete, indeterminate and inconsistent concepts, we need to extend the capabilities of fuzzy DLs further. In this paper, we will present an extension of fuzzy [Formula: see text], combining Smarandache's neutrosophic logic with a classical DL. In particular, concepts become neutrosophic (here neutrosophic means fuzzy, incomplete, indeterminate and inconsistent), thus, reasoning about such neutrosophic concepts is supported. We will define its syntax, its semantics, describe its properties and present a constraint propagation calculus for reasoning.

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Karam, Charlotte M., i Fida Afiouni. "Women and the legitimization of (not) engaging in paid work: logics from Lebanon". Career Development International 22, nr 6 (9.10.2017): 628–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cdi-09-2016-0148.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how public (i.e. culture, state, paid work) and private (i.e. household) patriarchal structures work to shape a woman’s own legitimacy judgments concerning not engaging in paid work. The authors trace the intersection and interaction of legitimacy logics at both the collective (i.e. validity) and individual (i.e. propriety) levels, thereby gaining a better contextual understanding of each woman’s perception of career opportunities and limitations. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative methodology drawing from 35 semi-structured interviews with Lebanese women. A multilevel analytic framework combining the institutional structures of private and public patriarchy with the micro-processes of institutional logics is used. Findings Legitimization of (not) engaging in paid work is often tied to patriarchal logics that favor private sphere responsibilities for women, particularly related to the relational and instrumental logics of childrearing and husband-oriented responsibilities. Women’s legitimacy judgment formation seems to be based on multilevel cues and on differential instances of evaluative vs passive judgment formation. Some appear to passively assume the legitimacy of the logics; while others more actively question these logics. The findings suggest that active questioning is often overwhelmed by the negative and harsh realities making the woman succumb to passivity and choosing not to engage in paid work. Originality/value This study provides: a better mapping of the individual woman’s daily cognitions concerning the legitimacy of (not) engaging in paid work; and a unique multilevel analytic framework that can serve as a useful example of contextualizing career research.

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Urquhart, Alasdair. "The complexity of decision procedures in relevance logic II". Journal of Symbolic Logic 64, nr 4 (grudzień 1999): 1774–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2586811.

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In this paper, we show that there is no primitive recursive decision procedure for the implication-conjunction fragments of the relevant logics R, E and T, as well as for a family of related logics. The lower bound on the complexity is proved by combining the techniques of an earlier paper on the same subject [20] with a method used by Lincoln, Mitchell, Scedrov and Shankar in proving that propositional linear logic is undecidable.The decision problem for the pure implicational fragments of E and R were solved by Saul Kripke in a tour de force of combinatorial reasoning, published only as an abstract [9]. Belnap and Wallace extended Kripke's decision procedure to the implication-negation fragment of E in [3]; an account of their decision method is to be found in [1, pp. 124–139]. The decision method extends immediately to the implication/negation fragment of R. In fact, in the case of R we can go farther: Meyer in his thesis [13] showed how to translate the logic LR, which results from R by omitting the distribution axiom, into R→⋀, so that the decision procedure can be extended to all of LR. This decision procedure has been implemented as a program Kripke by Thistlewaite, McRobbie and Meyer [17]. The program is not simply a straightforward implementation of the decision procedure; finite matrices are used extensively to prune invalid nodes from the search tree.

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Beritelli, Pietro, Stephan Reinhold i Christian Laesser. "Logics behind evading overnight taxes: a configurational analysis". International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 32, nr 2 (13.01.2020): 871–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-05-2019-0421.

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Purpose Overnight taxes are controversial. They affect tourists’ consumption behavior and hotels’ profits. This potentially generates undesirable industry practices such as underreporting overnights to evade overnight taxes. The aim of the paper is to understand the conditions and outcomes of underreporting. This is important because underreporting affects destinations’ tax income, which in turn may have further effects on tourism or other public services. Design/methodology/approach This study uses qualitative comparative analysis to identify what specific combinations of conditions motivate managers of hospitality businesses to evade overnight taxes. Findings While potential economic gain seems to be the obvious answer, this study finds that different configurations of causal conditions account for non-compliance. Four different configurations combining six conditions explain the logics behind hotel overnight tax evasion behavior. The conditions refer to both utilitarian affordances and the individual tax morale of hospitality managers. Certain utilitarian conditions in combination can overrule moral objections to non-compliance. Originality/value The study provides a nuanced understanding of overnight tax evasion motives and suggests how to connect work on tourism taxes with destination governance issues and destination management organization funding.

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Beckmann, Markus, i Anica Zeyen. "Franchising as a Strategy for Combining Small and Large Group Advantages (Logics) in Social Entrepreneurship". Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 43, nr 3 (8.01.2013): 502–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0899764012470758.

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Leiser, David, i Dov-Ron Schatzberg. "On the complexity of traffic judges' decisions". Judgment and Decision Making 3, nr 8 (grudzień 2008): 667–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500001613.

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AbstractProfessional judges in traffic courts sentence many hundreds of offenders per year. Using 639 case files from archives, we compared the Matching Heuristic (MH) to compensatory, weighing algorithms (WM). We modeled and cross validated the models on different subsets of the data, and took several other methodological precautions such as allowing each model to select the optimal number of variables and ordering and weighing the variables in accordance to different logics. We did not reproduce the finding by Dhami (2003), who found the MH to be superior to a compensatory algorithm in modeling bail-granting decisions. These simulations brought out the inner logic of the two family of models, showing what combination of parameters works best. It remains remarkable that using only a fraction of the variables and combining them non-compensatorily, MH obtained nearly as good a fit as the weighing method.

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