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1
Pascal, Hitzler, i Schärfe Henrik, red. Conceptual structures in practice. Boca Raton, Fla: Taylor & Francis, 2009.
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Hölzinger, Johannes Peter. Synthese des arts: Die Verbindung von Kunst und Architektur bei den Regierungsbauten auf der Hardthöhe in Bonn = The combination of architecture and art in the government buildings on the Hardthöhe in Bonn. Stuttgart: Edition A. Menges, 1998.
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Ranzi, Gianluca, red. Time-dependent behaviour and design of composite steel-concrete structures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed018.
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<p>Steel-concrete composite structures are widely used throughout the world for buildings and bridges. A distinguishing feature of this form of construction is the combination of concrete and steel components to achieve enhanced structural performance. <p>The time-dependent response of concrete and its infl uence on the service behaviour and design of composite structures are the main focus of this SED. For the fi rst time, a publication combines a state-of-the-art review of the research with the available design specifi cations of Europe, Australia and New Zealand, and USA. This publication intends to enhance the awareness of the service response of composite structures and of the latest research and standards’ developments. It is aimed at designers and researchers alike. <p>The review of research available in open literature is provided and arranged according to structural typologies, i. e. slabs, beams, and columns. It serves as background information for current service design rules and provides insight into the most recent research advancements. The review of available design guidelines presents the similarities and differences of the recommended service design procedures infl uenced by concrete time effects. Selected case studies of building and bridge projects show possible design approaches and the rationale required when dealing with the time-dependent response and design of composite structures. The authors of this publication are design engineers and academics involved in the service design and research on the time-dependent response of composite structures.
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Günther, Hans-Peter, red. Use and Application of High-Performance Steels for Steel Structures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed008.
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<p>New steel production processes have led to a remarkable improvement in steel products within the last few years, and now allows steels to be produced according to the desired mechanical and chemical properties. High-Performance Steel (HPS) is the designation given to this new generation of steels that offer higher performance not only in terms of strength but also toughness, weldability, cold formability and corrosion resistance, compared to the traditionally used mild steel grades.</p> <p>The development of HPS goes with today's increased demand for slender lightweight structures, as for example in bridge design and the design of high-rise buildings, where there is a strong requirement to use high-strength materials in combination with good execution and fabrication properties. However, on the structural engineering side there is a need for knowledge on these new steel grades, and quite often design codes do not provide sufficient information to fully exploit the advantageous properties of HPS.</p> <p>The present volume provides an overview of the development and application of HPS on an international level. This is done by giving information on, for example, the production process, the chemical and mechanical properties, the relevant design and fabrication standards and on recent research results. Approximately fifteen included examples of realised applications aim to provide detailed information based on existing technical solutions, and to point out the major benefits when using HPS in comparison to mild steels.</p> <p>The document is thus not a monograph but an assembly of contributions from different countries. lt is separated into chapters related to different countries, namely the USA, Canada, Japan and Europe, all of them providing a state-of-the-art report on HPS.</p>
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L, Commons Michael, i Symposium on Quantitative Analyses of Behavior. (8th : 1985 : Harvard University), red. Computational and clinical approaches to pattern recognition and concept formation. Hillsdale, N.J: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1990.
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L, Commons Michael, i Symposium on Quantitative Analyses of Behavior., red. Behavioral approaches to pattern recognition and concept formation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates, 1990.
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Leonovich, Sergey, i Elena Sadovskaya. Technology and properties of fiber reinforced concrete with a nanomodified matrix. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2024. https://doi.org/10.12737/2085120.
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The monograph substantiates the concept of multilevel reinforcement of structural heavy concrete, including the level of nano-, micro-reinforcement of cement stone with tubular carbon nanomaterials and macro-reinforcement of the concrete structure with steel fiber. Fiber-reinforced concrete compositions have been developed to determine the optimal content of steel fiber and carbon nanomaterial during monoarming, the properties of fiber-reinforced concrete of multilevel reinforcement with a combination of nano-, micro-reinforcement with tubular UNM and macro-reinforcement with steel fiber have been studied. A technique has been developed for a multiparametric assessment of the properties of fiber reinforced concrete of multilevel polydisperse reinforcement in order to determine strength, crack resistance and deformability in laboratory and building conditions. A set of technological measures for conducting concrete works with the preparation and use of fiber reinforced concrete of multilevel polydisperse reinforcement in the construction of monolithic building structures is proposed. A comprehensive methodology for assessing the quality of fiber concrete in building structures has been developed.
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Muhaev, Rashid. Anti-corruption policy. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2110963.
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The textbook is designed to form a systematic understanding of corruption based on the analysis of foreign and domestic anti-corruption legislation, technologies and anti-corruption practices in different countries. The content of such a complex phenomenon as corruption is presented in a fascinating manner, thanks to an organic combination of theoretical and applied levels of analysis of corruption practices, forms of their manifestations in various spheres of public and private life. The specifics of national models of anti-corruption policy in different countries are revealed, the place and role of the state, civil society institutions, business structures and individuals in the mechanism of combating corruption are shown. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for students and postgraduates studying in the fields of training (specialties) "Political Science", "Sociology", "State and municipal administration". It is recommended for use in the process of training and retraining of managers and practitioners of federal, regional and municipal government bodies, university teachers.
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Keller, Thomas. Use of fibre reinforced polymers in bridge construction. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed007.
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<p>The aim of the present Structural Engineering Document, a state-of-the-art report, is to review the progress made worldwide in the use of fibre reinforced polymers as structural components in bridges until the end of the year 2000.<p> Due to their advantageous material properties such as high specific strength, a large tolerance for frost and de-icing salts and, furthermore, short installation times with minimum traffic interference, fibre reinforced polymers have matured to become valuable alternative building materials for bridge structures. Today, fibre reinforced polymers are manufactured industrially to semi-finished products and ccimplete structural components, which can be easily and quickly installed or erected on site.<p> Examples of semi-finished products and structural components available are flexible tension elements, profiles stiff in bending and sandwich panels. As tension elements, especially for the purpose of strengthening, strips and sheets are available, as weil as reinforcing bars for concrete reinforcement and prestressing members for internal prestressing or external use. Profiles are available for beams and columns, and sandwich constructions especially for bridge decks. During the manufacture of the structural components fibre-optic sensors for continuous monitoring can be integrated in the materials. Adhesives are being used more and more for joining components.<p> Fibre reinforced polymers have been used in bridge construction since the mid-1980s, mostly for the strengthening of existing structures, and increasingly since the mid-1990s as pilot projects for new structures. In the case of new structures, three basic types of applications can be distinguished: concrete reinforcement, new hybrid structures in combination with traditional construction materials, and all-composite applications, in which the new materials are used exclusively.<p> This Structural Engineering Document also includes application and research recommendations with particular reference to Switzerland.<p> This book is aimed at both students and practising engineers, working in the field of fibre reinforced polymers, bridge design, construction, repair and strengthening.
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Hitzler, Pascal, i Henrik Scharfe. Conceptual Structures in Practice. Taylor & Francis Group, 2009.
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Hitzler, Pascal, i Henrik Scharfe. Conceptual Structures in Practice. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
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Hitzler, Pascal, i Henrik Scharfe. Conceptual Structures in Practice. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
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Hitzler, Pascal, i Henrik Scharfe. Conceptual Structures in Practice. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
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Jensen, Jesper Feldthusen. Synthesis of tailored polymer structures by the combination of cationic and anionic polymerizations. 1998.
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(Editor), Pascal Hitzler, i Henrik Scharfe (Editor), red. Conceptual Structures in Practice (Chapman & Hall/Crc Studies in Informatics Series). Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2008.
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Mancas, Christian. Conceptual Data Modeling and Database Design: A Fully Algorithmic Approach Volume 1. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.
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Conceptual data modeling and database design: A fully algorithmic approach : The shortest advisable path. Oakville, ON: Apple Academic Press, 2015.
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Sánchez-Quintana, Damián, i José Angel Cabrera. Normal atrial and ventricular myocardial structures. Redaktor Yen Ho. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0014.
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The heart functions by means of a three-dimensional arrangement of myofibres supported by an extracellular matrix which plays an important role in maintaining the size and shape of the heart. In both atria, the structure of the walls and the atrial septum confers a three-dimensional arrangement of muscle bundles and myoarchitecture that allows preferential electrical intra- and interatrial conduction which is important for a better understanding of atrial activation and arrhythmias. The myoarchitecture within the ventricular walls has a three-dimensional arrangement of myofibres, within a supporting matrix of fibrous tissue, which changes orientation from being oblique in the subepicardium to circumferential in the middle and to longitudinal in the subendocardium, allowing the chambers to change in shape and size through the cardiac cycle. Within each ventricle, the circumferential portion is the thickest transmurally, with the longitudinal portion the thinnest. The three-dimensional arrangement of the ventricular mesh serves to realign the myocytes during ventricular contraction, accounting for the extent of systolic mural thickening. Abnormal myoarchitecture in combination with alterations in the connective tissue matrix provide the structural basis for abnormalities in myocardial function.
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From biology to sociopolitics: Conceptual continuity in complex systems. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, 1998.
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(Editor), Michael L. Commons, John A. Nevin (Editor), Michael C. Davison (Editor) i Michael Davidson (Editor), red. Signal Detection: Mechanisms, Models, and Applications (Quantitative Analyses of Behavior). Lawrence Erlbaum, 1991.
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(Editor), Michael L. Commons, Richard J. Herrnstein (Editor), Stephen M. Kosslyn (Editor) i David B. Mumford (Editor), red. Computational and Clinical Approaches to Pattern Recognition and Concept Formation: Quantitative Analyses of Behavior, Volume IX (Quantitative Analyses of Behavior). Lawrence Erlbaum, 1990.
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(Editor), Michael L. Commons, Stephen Grossberg (Editor) i John E.R. Staddon (Editor), red. Neural Network Models of Conditioning and Action: Quantitative Analyses of Behavior (Quantitative Analysis of Behavior Series). Lawrence Erlbaum, 1991.
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(Editor), Michael L. Commons, Stephen Grossberg (Editor) i John E.R. Staddon (Editor), red. Neural Network Models of Conditioning and Action: Quantitative Analyses of Behavior. Lawrence Erlbaum, 1991.
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(Editor), Michael L. Commons, James E. Mazur (Editor), John A. Nevin (Editor) i Howard Rachlin (Editor), red. The Effect of Delay and of Intervening Events on Reinforcement Value: Quantitative Analyses of Behavior, Volume V (Quantitative Analyses of Behavior). Lawrence Erlbaum, 1986.
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25
Gibbons, William. Love in Thousand Monstrous Forms. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190265250.003.0008.
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Borrowing Mikhail Bakhtin’s notion of the grotesque, this chapter explores how the use of remixed classical works contributes to the game Catherine’s pervasive focus on opposing dualities. The chapter describes in detail how, for example, music comments on the real world and horrific dreamworld experienced within the game by the main character, Vincent, who is in the midst of a major life crisis. It explores how the careful selection of musical works in Catherine, along with the irreconcilable combination of high and low arts, mirrors dualistic structures found throughout the game, from the mixing of unlikely gameplay genres to its narrative details.
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Kaufmann, Philipp A., i Oliver Gaemperli. Hybrid Cardiac Imaging. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392094.003.0028.
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Assessment of both coronary anatomy and myocardial perfusion are equally important for the appropriate treatment of patients with stable coronary artery disease. Cardiac hybrid imaging allows integration of coronary anatomy and perfusion in one all-in-one image, thereby avoiding mental integration of findings. In selected subgroups of patients, cardiac hybrid imaging has demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy compared to single modalities. The combination of coronary anatomy and function provides incremental prognostic information and improves risk stratification of patients with suspected or known CAD. Aside from CT coronary angiography, coronary artery calcium score (CACS) scans obtained from native ECG-triggered CT are used for hybrid imaging. They are used either for attenuation correction, or can be combined with radionuclide information to improve CAD detection and risk stratification. A large number of integrated hybrid scanners are commercially available and offer advantages for cardiac hybrid imaging. However, these devices are not mandatory, and hybrid imaging is perfectly feasible from two separate datasets using appropriate image fusion software. Cardiac magnetic resonance has entered the arena of hybrid imaging and several integrated PET/MRI devices are already commercially available. Its advantages include the lack of ionizing radiation and a high spatial resolution, particularly for soft tissue structures. In research, hybrid imaging moves beyond its conventional borders of perfusion imaging to target specific molecular or biological pathways that underlie cardiac disease, a concept known as molecular imaging. The combination of radionuclide imaging with CT or MRI offers attractive features to co-localize biological signals from radiolabeled targeted compounds with microanatomical structures.
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Yust, Jason. Counterpoint. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190696481.003.0010.
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Counterpoint, the stratification of a musical texture into structurally independent voices, occurs in the domains of rhythm, tonality, and form. In all situations, we recognize the structures of individual voices, and a total structure that results from the combination. The methods of combining structures are similar in rhythm and form. Rhythmic counterpoint is an especially important technique for Brahms, as a number of examples illustrate. Schenker’s concepts of unfolding and horizontalization describe coordination of counterpointed structures in the tonal domain. Formal counterpoint is a more novel concept, but by analogy to rhythmic and tonal counterpoint, we can understand recapitulation-based forms like sonata form and rounded binary as a manifestation of formal counterpoint.
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Steinmo, Sven. Historical Institutionalism and Experimental Methods. Redaktorzy Orfeo Fioretos, Tulia G. Falleti i Adam Sheingate. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199662814.013.6.
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Although a core insight of historical institutionalism (HI) is that history affects actors’ beliefs, values and preferences, it is difficult to test these propositions directly. This chapter argues that one way of testing HI theories is to integrate some of the methods and techniques of experimental social science. Using experimental methods, historical institutionalism can better explain how specific institutional structures, decision-making processes, and historical contexts frame individual choices and shape the broader ecology of political decisions. A combination of diverse research traditions and methodologies can illuminate the dynamic relationships between ideas, interests and institutions that yield variation in policies and preferences across cultures and over time.
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Shoji, Satoru, Remo Proietti Zaccaria i Satoshi Kawata. Holographic laser processing for three-dimensional photonic lattices. Redaktorzy A. V. Narlikar i Y. Y. Fu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533053.013.9.
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This article describes a holographic laser-processing method for independently controlling the lattice symmetry and lattice constant in three-dimensional photonic lattices. With this approach, optical periodicity is created in lower dimensions and three-dimensional periodicity is obtained by a combination of several lower-dimensional periodic structures. The proposed holographic laser-processing method is compared with the standard four-beam technique. Examples of experimental demonstration achieved in photosensitive polymers are given. The article also introduces a multiphoton direct-writing technique for creating defect structures in lattices towards production of defect cavity-functionalized photonic crystal devices. It shows that all Bravais lattices can be produced by choosing proper incident vectors of laser beams. The lattice constant of the structure can be changed without distorting its lattice symmetry and lattice elements.
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Brown, Peter J. Coping with Disaster. Redaktorzy Christopher Gerrard i Alejandra Gutiérrez. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198744719.013.7.
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This chapter considers the impact of natural hazards and their accompanying human disasters during the later medieval period. British medieval populations faced severe challenges as a result of sudden onset events including windstorms, tidal surges, floods, and lightning strikes. As well as the historical accounts of these disasters which litter the documentary record, the evidence for these catastrophic occurrences can often be traced in the surviving archaeology. Not only does this make it possible to visualize exactly what damage these events wrought to settlements, through excavation and landscape survey, and structures, through standing-building analysis, but study of the material culture also illuminates the religious reactions that disasters engendered. The combination of archaeological and documentary evidence allows a particularly detailed exploration of the impacts, responses, and adaptations driven by disasters during the medieval period.
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Garvey, Marjorie A. TMS: neurodevelopment and perinatal insults. Redaktorzy Charles M. Epstein, Eric M. Wassermann i Ulf Ziemann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568926.013.0022.
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Neural substrate for changes in neuromotor skills of typically developing children involves the complex and organized maturation of underlying brain structures. This article gives an overview of the changes that occur in motor function, as children get older and those aspects of central nervous development which may form the neural substrates of motor function development. It describes those TMS evoked parameters, related to the motor system, that have been studied in both typically developing children and in those who have suffered perinatal insults to the central nervous system. TMS has its limitations and is especially useful when used in combination with other neurophysiological modalities. The focus for future studies should be on correlating TMS evoked parameters with behavioural measures in typically developing children and explanation of the neural substrates of the motor abnormalities in children with perinatal insults and developmental disabilities.
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Bueno, Otávio, i Steven French. Unifying with Mathematics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815044.003.0006.
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In this chapter, we examine a different case study, where the aim was to unify apparently unrelated domains, such as quantum states, probability assignments, and logical inference. This is John von Neumann’s development of an alternative framework to the Hilbert space formalism he pioneered: one articulated in terms of his theory of operators and what we now call von Neumann algebras. This allowed him to accommodate probabilities in the context of systems with infinite degrees of freedom. Here we find, in addition to ‘top-down’ moves from the mathematics to the physics, ‘bottom-up’ developments from empirical features, to a particular logic and thence to mathematical structures. Through a combination of such moves, crucially involving exploration of the structural relations that hold between the mathematical and the physical domains, von Neumann articulated the kind of unification across such domains that represents a further important aspect of the application of mathematics.
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Li, Wei. Codeswitching. Redaktorzy Robert Bayley, Richard Cameron i Ceil Lucas. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199744084.013.0018.
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Many psycholinguists maintain that bilinguals operate between monolingual modes and a bilingual mode. What this means is that bilinguals can behave as if they were monolingual by using only one of the languages they know. It is only when they are using more than one language in the same episode of interaction that they are in a bilingual model. Codeswitching is a term used to describe a range of linguistic behavior that involves the use of more than one language or language variety in the same interaction. This chapter focuses on some of the key issues of codeswitching for sociolinguists, beginning with a discussion of the terminological and methodological issues. Then, it provides a review of the studies on the motivations and structural patterns of codeswitching. Lastly, the chapter presents an alternative approach to codeswitching that views it as a creative performance rather than as simply a combination of linguistic structures.
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Wang, Jason T. L., Bruce A. Shapiro i Dennis Shasha, red. Pattern Discovery in Biomolecular Data. Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195119404.001.0001.
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Finding patterns in biomolecular data, particularly in DNA and RNA, is at the center of modern biological research. These data are complex and growing rapidly, so the search for patterns requires increasingly sophisticated computer methods. Pattern Discovery in Biomolecular Data provides a clear, up-to-date summary of the principal techniques. Each chapter is self-contained, and the techniques are drawn from many fields, including graph theory, information theory, statistics, genetic algorithms, computer visualization, and vision. Since pattern searches often benefit from multiple approaches, the book presents methods in their purest form so that readers can best choose the method or combination that fits their needs. The chapters focus on finding patterns in DNA, RNA, and protein sequences, finding patterns in 2D and 3D structures, and choosing system components. This volume will be invaluable for all workers in genomics and genetic analysis, and others whose research requires biocomputing.
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Mavi, Jagroop, Anne C. Boat i Senthilkumar Sadhasivam. Myelomeningocele Repair. Redaktorzy Erin S. Williams, Olutoyin A. Olutoye, Catherine P. Seipel i Titilopemi A. O. Aina. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190678333.003.0051.
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Myelomeningocele (MMC) is a spinal birth defect associated with significant morbidity directly related to the exposure of meninges and neural structures. Further neurological dysfunction may occur secondary to Chiari II malformation and hydrocephalus. MMC repair is typically performed postnatally within the first 24 to 48 hours of life due to the concern for infection. Prenatal MMC correction is performed in select cases after studies showed improved neurological outcomes. Anesthesia for MMC repairs can be challenging, and appropriate screening should be performed preoperatively. During postnatal repair, care must be taken when positioning the infant to avoid any pressure on the MMC sac. Anesthesia can be maintained with a combination of inhalational agents and intravenous opioids. Prenatal MMC repairs must consider both fetal and maternal safety outcomes. They can be performed through both open and fetoscopic routes, with anesthesia focused on maintaining maternal blood pressure, optimizing uterine relaxation, and adequate pain control.
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Hill, Virginia, i Alexandru Mardale. The Diachrony of Differential Object Marking in Romanian. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192898791.001.0001.
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This book offers a comprehensive overview of the beginnings, development, and stabilization of differential object marking (DOM) in Romanian by combining two approaches: diachronic syntax and comparative syntax. The working hypothesis is that Romanian DOM reflects a typological mix of Balkan and Romance DOM patterns, and that the assessment of the mixed structures must separately quantify three DOM mechanisms in this language (through clitic doubling, DOM particle, and the combination of the above). Tests applied to these DOM mechanisms indicated the nominal domain as the repository for DOM triggers in Romanian, as opposed to the verbal domain in other Romance languages. The cross-linguistic perspective adopted in this book is instrumental for revisiting the DOM typologies in light of the variations shown to occur in the location of the DOM particle and the pronominal clitic (i.e., either on the nominal or on the verb spines).
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Steffen, Holger, Odleiv Olesen i Raimo Sutinen, red. Glacially-Triggered Faulting. Cambridge University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108779906.
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Glacially triggered faulting describes movement of pre-existing faults caused by a combination of tectonic and glacially induced isostatic stresses. The most impressive fault-scarps are found in northern Europe, assumed to be reactivated at the end of the deglaciation. This view has been challenged as new faults have been discovered globally with advanced techniques such as LiDAR, and fault activity dating has shown several phases of reactivation thousands of years after deglaciation ended. This book summarizes the current state-of-the-art research in glacially triggered faulting, discussing the theoretical aspects that explain the presence of glacially induced structures and reviews the geological, geophysical, geodetic and geomorphological investigation methods. Written by a team of international experts, it provides the first global overview of confirmed and proposed glacially induced faults, and provides an outline for modelling these stresses and features. It is a go-to reference for geoscientists and engineers interested in ice sheet-solid Earth interaction.
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Marke, Alastair, Michael Mehling i Fabiano de Andrade Correa, red. Governing Carbon Markets with Distributed Ledger Technology. Cambridge University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108919166.
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Carbon markets involve complex governance challenges, such as ensuring transparency of emissions, facilitating as well as recording transactions, overseeing market activity and preventing abuse. Conventionally, these have been addressed with a combination of regulatory, procedural and technical structures that impose significant burdens on market participants and administrators while remaining vulnerable to system shocks and illicit practices. Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) has the potential to address these problems. This volume offers the first book-length exploration of how carbon markets can be governed using DLT, offering conceptual and theoretical analysis, practical case studies, and a roadmap for implementation of a DLT-based architecture in major existing and emerging carbon markets. It surveys existing expertise on distributed ledger technology, provides progress updates from industry professionals, and shows how this technology could offer a cost-effective and sustainable solution to double-counting and other governance concerns identified as major challenges in the implementation of carbon markets.
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Gaines, Susan M., Geoffrey Eglinton i Jürgen Rullkötter. Echoes of Life. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195176193.001.0001.
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In 1936 a German chemist identified certain organic molecules that he had extracted from ancient rocks and oils as the fossil remains of chlorophyll--presumably from plants that had lived and died millions of years in the past. It was another twenty-five years before this insight was developed and the term "biomarker" coined to describe fossil molecules whose molecular structures could reveal the presence of otherwise elusive organisms and processes. Echoes of Life is the story of these molecules and how they are illuminating the history of the earth and its life. It is also the story of how a few maverick organic chemists and geologists defied the dictates of their disciplines and--at a time when the natural sciences were fragmenting into ever-more-specialized sub-disciplines--reunited chemistry, biology and geology in a common endeavor. The rare combination of rigorous science and literary style--woven into a historic narrative that moves naturally from the simple to the complex--make Echoes of Life a book to be read for pleasure and contemplation, as well as education.
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Schneider, Barry R. Future War and Counterproliferation. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400655340.
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The United States faces a small number of rogue states that either have or are working to acquire weapons of mass destruction. These NASTIs, or NBC-Arming Sponsors of Terrorism and Intervention, include such states as North Korea, Iraq, Iran, Libya, and Syria. U.S. nonproliferation programs and policies have helped to keep this number small, but U.S. and allied counterproliferation programs are essential to reduce the danger. It is up to deterrence, active defenses, passive defenses, decontamination, and counterforce to turn enemy weapons of mass destruction into instruments of limited destructive effect. Warfighters will also have to adopt a different strategy and concept of operations in fighting an adversary that is so heavily armed. This strategy will feature a combination of deception, dispersion, mobility and maneuver, diffused logistics, remote engagement, missile defense bubbles, non-combatant evacuation operations, and large area decontamination. It will also involve upgrades to NBC passive defense measures and equipment, as well as a counterforce capability that can find and destroy a variety of adversary targets, including mobile launchers and deeply buried and hardened underground structures.
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Goodson, Caroline. Garden Cities in Early Medieval Italy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777601.003.0026.
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It is a commonplace assumption that the medieval cities were ‘ruralized’ by the presence of vegetable patches, fields, and livestock. Historians and archaeologists have often taken evidence for agricultural cultivation in urban spaces as indicators of the breakdown of medieval urban fabric and economies, but urban gardens were not simply by-products of decline or devolution. They were created because people living in the city wanted fresh fruits and vegetables and dedicated space to grow them. The evidence from Italy makes clear that residential properties with access to cultivated spaces were controlled by urban elites, both private and ecclesiastical. The study of these urban vineyards, vegetable patches, and fields, through their textual and archaeological records, provides us a small window on to shifting social structures within medieval cities, the rises and falls in small-scale markets, and emerging ideals of charity. The combination of property documents with letters, narrative chronicles, and a considerable amount of recent urban archaeology make it possible to observe urban food provisioning in early medieval Italy and to relate the phenomenon of urban gardening with shifting power structures in the city.
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Long, Megan Kaes. Hearing Homophony. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190851903.001.0001.
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This book examines a repertoire of homophonic vernacular partsongs composed around the turn of the seventeenth century, and considers how these partsongs exploit rhythm, meter, phrase structure, and form to craft harmonic trajectories. Giovanni Giacomo Gastoldi, Thomas Morley, Hans Leo Hassler, and their contemporaries engineered a particular kind of centricity that is distinctively tonal: they strategically deployed dominant harmonies at regular periodicities and in combination with poetic, phrase structural, and formal cues, thereby creating expectation for tonic harmonies. Homophony provided an ideal venue for these experiments: spurred by an increasing demand for comprehensible texts, composers of partsongs developed rigid text-setting procedures that promoted both metrical regularity and consistent phrase rhythm. This rhythmic consistency had a ripple effect: it encouraged composers to design symmetrical phrase structures and to build comprehensible, repetitive, and predictable formal structures. Thus, homophonic partsongs create and exploit trajectories from dominants to tonics on multiple scales, from cadence to sub-phrase to phrase to form. Ultimately, this book argues for a model of tonality—and of tonality’s history—that centers not pitch, but rhythm and meter. Metrically oriented harmonic trajectories encourage tonal expectation. And we can locate these trajectories in a variety of repertoires, including those that we traditionally understand as “modal.”
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Godrej, Farah. Freedom Inside? Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190070083.001.0001.
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Freedom Inside? offers a combination of personal narrative and scholarly research in order to examine the role of yoga and meditation in US prisons. It offers a glimpse inside the system now known as mass incarceration, which disproportionately punishes, confines, and controls those from black, brown, and/or poor communities at exponentially higher rates, diminishing their life-chances and creating a vast underclass of disempowered, subordinated citizens. How do self-disciplinary practices such as yoga and meditation work when they are taught inside unjust systems? Do they produce political passivity, quietism, and compliance, if offered as palliatives to accept, cope, and comply with unjust power structures? Or, might they prove disruptive to mass incarceration, if offered as tools to develop awareness and attunement toward injustice, to engage in nonconformist responses that include critique and challenge? The book explores both the promises and pitfalls of yoga and meditation when taught in prisons in different ways. It is based on four years of immersion in prisons and prison volunteer communities, along with ethnographic work inside a detention facility, and many in-depth interviews with those who teach and practice inside prisons. It interweaves academic narratives with personal experiences of collaboration with volunteers and incarcerated practitioners.
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Krawatzek, Félix. Youth in Regime Crisis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826842.001.0001.
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How do political regimes respond to the challenges emanating from youth mobilization? This book seeks to understand regime resilience and breakdown by analysing the public meaning of youth, as well as the physical mobilization of young people. Mobilization by young people is a key component in understanding the stabilization of the authoritarian regime structures in contemporary Russia, but the Russian experience makes sense only if placed in its broader historical context. Three comparative cases—the breakdown of the authoritarian Soviet Union, the breakdown of the democratic Weimar Republic, and the crisis of the democratic regime in France around 1968—highlight how regimes which lacked popular support have compensated for their insufficient legitimacy by trying to mobilize youth symbolically and politically. This book illustrates the symbolic significance of youth and its role in regime crisis by analysing a new dataset of newspaper articles with a new method of discourse analysis. The combination of qualitative interpretation and quantitative network analysis enables a deeper and more systematic understanding of discursive structures about youth. Through this methodological innovation the book contributes to the way we define the categories of youth, generation, and crisis. It makes the case that our conceptualization should reflect the way terms are being used—usages that can be captured in a systematic way with new methods of discourse analysis.
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Chang, Wen-Chen, Kelley Loper, Mara Malagodi i Ruth Rubio-Marín, red. Gender, Sexuality and Constitutionalism in Asia. Hart Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781509941940.
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This book analyses the equal citizenship claims of women and sexual and gender diverse people across several Asian jurisdictions. The volume examines the rich diversity of constitutional responses to sex, gender and sexuality in the region from a comparative perspective. Leading comparative constitutional law scholars identify ‘opportunity structures’ to explain the uneven advancement of gender equality through constitutional litigation and consider a combination of variables which shape the diverging trajectories of the jurisdictions in this study. The authors also embed the relevant constitutional and legal developments in their historical, political and social contexts. This deep contextual understanding of the relationship between sex, gender, sexuality and constitutionalism greatly enriches the analysis. The case studies reflect a variety of constitutional structures, institutional designs and contextual dynamics which may advance or impede developments with respect to sex, gender and sexuality. As a whole, the chapters further an understanding of the constitutional domain as a fruitful site for advancing gender equality and the rights of sexual and gender diverse people. The jurisdictions covered represent all Asian sub-regions including: East Asia (Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong and South Korea), Southeast Asia (Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines and Indonesia), and South Asia (India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka). The introductory framework chapter situates these insights from the region within the broader global context of the evolution of gender constitutionalism. Constitutionalism in Asia series
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Gupta, Pawan, i Anurag Vats. Regional anaesthesia of the lower limb. Redaktor Philip M. Hopkins. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0055.
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Lower limb nerve blocks gained popularity with the introduction of better nerve localization techniques such as peripheral nerve stimulation and ultrasound. A combination of lower limb peripheral nerve blocks can provide anaesthesia and analgesia of the entire lower limb. Lower limb blocks, as compared to central neuraxial blocks, do not affect blood pressure, can be used in sick patients, provide longer-lasting analgesia, avoid the risk of epidural haematoma or urinary retention, provide better patient satisfaction, and have acceptable success rates in experienced hands. Detailed knowledge of the relevant anatomy is essential before performing any nerve blocks in the lower limb as the nerve plexuses and the peripheral nerves are deep and obscured by bony structures and large muscles. The lumbosacral plexus provides sensory and motor innervation to the superficial tissues, muscles, and bones of the lower limb. This chapter covers different approaches and techniques for lower limb blocks, that is, the lumbar plexus, femoral nerve, fascia iliaca, saphenous nerve, sciatic nerve, popliteal nerve, ankle block, forefoot block, and the intra-articular infusion of local anaesthetics. Both peripheral nerve stimulator- and ultrasound-guided approaches are discussed. The use of ultrasound guidance is suggested as it helps in reducing the dose of local anaesthetic required and can ensure circumferential spread of local anaesthetic around peripheral nerves, which hastens the onset of block and improves success rate.
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Pearson, David. Rebel Music in the Triumphant Empire. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197534885.001.0001.
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At the dawn of the 1990s, as the United States celebrated its victory in the Cold War and sole superpower status by waging war on Iraq and proclaiming democratic capitalism as the best possible society, the 1990s underground punk renaissance transformed the punk scene into a site of radical opposition to American empire. Nazi skinheads were ejected from the punk scene; apathetic attitudes were challenged; women, Latino, and LGBTQ participants asserted their identities and perspectives within punk; the scene debated the virtues of maintaining DIY purity versus venturing into the musical mainstream; and punks participated in protest movements from animal rights to stopping the execution of Mumia Abu-Jamal to shutting down the 1999 World Trade Organization meeting. Punk lyrics offered strident critiques of American empire, from its exploitation of the Third World to its warped social relations. Numerous subgenres of punk proliferated to deliver this critique, such as the blazing hardcore punk of bands like Los Crudos, propagandistic crust-punk/dis-core; grindcore and power violence with tempos over 800 BPM, and So-Cal punk with its combination of melody and hardcore. Musical analysis of each of these styles and the expressive efficacy of numerous bands reveals that punk is not merely simplistic three-chord rock music, but a genre that is constantly revolutionizing itself in which nuances of guitar riffs, vocal timbres, drum beats, and song structures are deeply meaningful to its audience, as corroborated by the robust discourse in punk zines.
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Green, Alexandra. Buddhist Visual Cultures, Rhetoric, and Narrative in Late Burmese Wall Paintings. Hong Kong University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888390885.001.0001.
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This volume draws upon art historical, anthropological, and religious studies methodologies to delineate the structures and details of late Burmese wall paintings and elucidate the religious, political, and social concepts driving the creation of this art form. The combination of architecture, paintings, sculpture, and literary traditions created a complete space in which devotees could interact with the Buddha through his biography. Through the standardization of a repertoire of specific forms, codes, and themes, the murals were themselves activating agents, spurring devotees to merit-making, worship, and other ritual practices, partially by establishing normative religious behavior and partly through visual incentives. Much of this was accomplished through the manipulation of space, and the volume contributes to the analysis of visual narratives by examining how the relationships between word and image, layouts, story and scene selection, and narrative themes both demonstrate and confirm social structures and changes, economic activities, and religious practices of seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth century Burma. The visual material of the wall painting sites worked together with the sculpture and the architecture to create unified spaces in which devotees could interact with the Buddha. This analysis takes the narrative field beyond the concept that pictures are to be “read” and shows the multifarious and holistic ways in which they can be viewed. To enter temples of the seventeenth, eighteenth, and early nineteenth centuries was to enter a coherent space created by a visually articulated Burmese Buddhist world to which the devotee belonged by performing ritual activities within it.
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Manow, Philip, Bruno Palier i Hanna Schwander, red. Welfare Democracies and Party Politics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807971.001.0001.
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Europe’s political landscapes are in turmoil; new radical parties challenge the established political order. This book locates Europe’s contemporary challenges within the longer economic and political trajectories of its “welfare democracies.” It argues forcefully that it is imperative to understand the specific structures of political competition and voter–party links to make sense of the political and economic turmoil of the last decades. In four distinct European welfare democracies (Nordic, continental, southern, and Anglo-Saxon), the political economy, the party system, and the structure of the political space are co-determined in a specific way. Accordingly, specific combinations of policies and politics and distinct patterns of alignment between core electoral groups and political parties exist in the four welfare democracies and shape their reactions to current challenges. With this, the book provides an analytical framework that links welfare states to party systems, combining recent contributions to the comparative political economy of the welfare state and insights from party and electoral politics. The book identifies three phenomena: in electoral politics it states a certain homogenization of European party systems, the emergence of a new combination of leftist socio-economic and rightist socio-cultural positions in many parties, and finally the rise of the radical right in the north of Europe and the radical left in the south. The contributions to this book also indicate a confluence toward renewed welfare state support among parties and voters. Finally, the Europeanization of political dynamics, combined with incompatible growth models, has created pronounced European cleavages.
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Chaves, Rui P., i Michael T. Putnam. Unbounded Dependency Constructions. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198784999.001.0001.
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This book is about one of the most intriguing features of human communication systems: the fact that words which go together in meaning can occur arbitrarily far away from each other. The kind of long-distance dependency that this volume is concerned with has been the subject of intense linguistic and psycholinguistic research for the last half century, and offers a unique insight into the nature of grammatical structures and their interaction with cognition. The constructions in which these unbounded dependencies arise are difficult to model and come with a rather puzzling array of constraints which have defied characterization and a proper explanation. For example, there are filler-gap dependencies in which the filler phrase is a plural phrase formed from the combination of each of the extracted phrases, and there are filler-gap constructions in which the filler phrase itself contains a gap that is linked to another filler phrase. What is more, different types of filler-gap dependency can compound, in the same sentence. Conversely, not all kinds of filler-gap dependencies are equally licit; some are robustly ruled out by the grammar whereas others have a less clear status because they have graded acceptability and can be made to improve in ideal contexts and conditions. This work provides a detailed survey of these linguistic phenomena and extant accounts, while also incorporating new experimental evidence to shed light on why the phenomena are the way they are and what important research on this topic lies ahead.