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1
Jung-Kim, Jennifer J. "Gender and modernity in colonial Korea". Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1566562851&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Al-Labadi, Fadwa. "Women and citizenship in post-colonial Palestine". Thesis, University of Kent, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267405.
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Mullin, Gretchen Elizabeth. "Representing Irish women in colonial and counter-colonial texts of the seventeenth century". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ58967.pdf.
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Sanusi, Ramonu Abiodun. "Representations of Sub-Saharan African Women in Colonial and Post-Colonial Novels in French". Thesis, view abstract or download file of text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3136444.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2004.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 175-186). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Freeman, Amy L. "Contingent modernity : Moroccan women's narratives in 'post ' colonial perspective /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5630.
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Bergendahl, Lisa Kay. "Colonial Women in the Pennsylvania and Virginia Gazettes". W&M ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625950.
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Osborne, Deidre Jean Juliet. "New women writers, motherhood and colonial ideology (1880-1903)". Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270839.
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Jackson, William. "Poor men and loose women : colonial Kenya's other whites". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/999/.
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If the colonial ‘other’, as Edward Said so eloquently showed, was as much invented or imagined as honestly appraised then the same might also be said of the colonising self. Whilst the supposed backwardness of subject races served to legitimate colonial rule, so, equally, did the totemic figure of the masterful European. As recent work has shown, however, colonial populations were never as stable or as homogenous as was once believed: a significant number of ‘poor whites’ - in Southern Africa, India, the Dutch East Indies and elsewhere - challenged the prestige of the ruling race. To speak of ‘poor whites’, however, itself a term of colonial discourse, risks reinforcing the exceptionality that the term implies. Taking Kenya as a case study, this thesis seeks to get beyond the archetypes conferred by both the ‘poor white’ and the masterful European. To do so, I argue, it is necessary to seek out those who have themselves been marginalised or forgotten. To this end, the thesis uses case files of European patients treated at the Mathari Mental Hospital in Nairobi, alongside records pertaining to European welfare and the deportation of ‘undesirables’, to construct a social history of mental illness and social marginality in Britain’s supposedly most aristocratic colonial possession. The resulting study not only shows up the diversity and disorder of Kenya’s colonial Europeans but also opens up new avenues for rethinking the nature of their interior, lived experience. Doing so, I argue, makes possible a recognition of the Europeans in Kenya not as agents of power but as sentient, susceptible human beings.
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Chacaltana, Cortez Sofía. "From inka tambos to colonial tambarrías: law, economy and the «licentious» Activities of indigenous women". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113346.
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Historical accounts of the Iberian incursion into the Andes indicate that Spaniards were amazed by the sophisticated roads and waystations (tambos) they encountered across Andean territory. During and after the Iberian conquest, indigenous and Spanish armies constantly burned tambos for strategic reasons, in order to slow the movement of enemy troops. Despite this practice, tambos were one of the few institutions that continued during the colonial period. The Spanish rapidly recognized that tambos were beneficial for their economy, specifically markets and mining exploitation that required the movement of people, things, and animals across the Andean region. Consequently, during the early colonial period, Iberians dictated laws promoting the smooth functioning of tambos as a way of regulating the practices occurring in them; transforming tambos into a new colonial institution. In this article, I call attention to the transformation of tambos from a pre-Hispanic to a colonial institution as well as the colonial desire to control indigenous behavior in the new Andean society. I specially focus on the colonial fixation over the bodies of indigenous women, illustrating some aspects of the ideology of power exerted over indigenous communities. Finally, I discuss the importance of archaeology to better understand the transformation of tambos from the pre-Hispanic to the colonial period.Cuando llegaron los españoles a los Andes, alabaron los caminos y tambos incaicos que encontraron mientras avanzaban a través del agreste territorio andino. A pesar de que durante y luego de la conquista española los tambos sufrieron un gran deterioro, fueron una de las pocas instituciones que continuaron funcionando durante la época colonial. Los hispanos se dieron cuenta rápidamente de que estos edificios eran de gran necesidad para su economía basada en el comercio y en la explotación minera, sistema que para funcionar requería del transporte de gente, objetos y animales. Por ello, pese a que los tambos estaban inmersos en un sistema económico mercantilista colonial, los españoles dispusieron de una serie de cédulas que promovían la reinstitucionalización de los tambos como en la época de «Guaynacapac». En este artículo, me sirvo de datos históricos que refieren a la legalización del funcionamiento de los tambos y a las prácticas ocurridas en ellos para observar las múltiples fricciones entre los hispanos e indígenas. Además, llamo la atención sobre un aspecto en particular: la obsesión española sobre el cuerpo de la mujer indígena, que devela la ideología de poder colonial. Al final del artículo, discuto la importancia de la arqueología para contribuir con un mejor entendimiento sobre la transformación de esta institución desde la época prehispánica hasta la colonial.
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Sharp, Pamela Agnes, i mikewood@deakin edu au. "A study of relationships between colonial women and black Australians". Deakin University, 1991. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20060922.083240.
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The study is concerned with the history of black and white women in Australia during the colonial period. Particular emphasis is on the variety of cross-cultural relationships which developed between women during that time.
As a starting point, male frontier violence is discussed and compared with the more moderate approach taken by women faced with threatening situations. Among Europeans, women are revealed as being generally less racist than men. This was a significant factor in their ability to forge bonds with black women and occasionally with black men.
The way in which contacts with Aborigines were made is explored and the impact of them on the women concerned is assessed, as far as possible from both points of view. Until now, these experiences have been omitted from colonial history, yet I believe they were an important element in racial relations. It will be seen that some of these associations were warm, friendly and satisfying to both sides, and often included a good deal of mutual assistance. Others involved degrees of exploitation. Both are examined in detail, using a variety of sources which include the works of modern Aboriginal writers.
This study presents a new aspect of the female experiences which was neglected until the emergence of the feminist historians in the 1960s. It properly places women, both black and white, within Australian colonial history.
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Dewar, Fleur Simone. "Empowering Women? Family Planning and Development in Post-Colonial Fiji". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Sociology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/943.
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Family planning initiatives have been critical to development strategies since the 1950s. Family planning has been justified on various grounds including its contribution to poverty alleviation, improved maternal and infant health and the advancement of women's rights and choices. More recently, the discourse of 'women's empowerment' has been used in the advocacy of family planning. This discourse integrates a number of earlier justifications for fertility control promoting family planning as a strategy to enhance women's access to higher standards of living and improved health. It associates family planning with advances in women's rights as individual citizens in 'modern' economies and their greater involvement in paid work. This thesis investigates whether this empowerment discourse is evident in family planning programmes in Fiji and its relationship to the socio-economic development of that country. Critical analyses of the operation of power, development strategies and western assumptions about family size, human rights and economic wellbeing inform this research. In particular, Foucault's concept of 'biopower' is used to analyse narratives about family planning articulated by health practitioners, women's rights activists and officials in the Ministry of Health. The analysis of key informants' statements is complemented by consideration of official statistics, and existing empirical data such as documents and pamphlets. The thesis argues that an empowerment discourse is strongly evident in Fiji with respect to the statements made by key informants and available written sources. It looks critically at the narratives that construct family planning as empowering for women, particularly the tropes of choice, health and full citizenship. Close analysis of these narratives demonstrate that the 'stories' uniformly position women as potentially empowered 'modern' subjects. However, critical analysis of these stories about choice, health and citizenship found that family planning strategies were sometimes disempowering. The generic stories embodied by the empowerment discourse did not allow for the diversity of women's needs; this finding supported critiques of one-size-fits-all development strategies. I demonstrate that while the empowerment discourse provided women with the opportunity to control their fertility, engage in paid work and be empowered, it simultaneously created new challenges and different forms of subordination. This thesis found that the empowerment discourse was an unmistakable example of biopower at work
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Callaway, Helen. "European women with the Colonial Service in Nigeria, 1900-1960". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670408.
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Duenas, Alcira. "Assessing socioeconomic and cultural roles: women in late colonial pasto". The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1399634896.
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Wickham, Dorothy. "Women in 'Ballarat" 1851-1871: a case study in agency". Thesis, University of Ballarat, 2008. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/178386.
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This thesis argues that European women exercised agency in mid nineteenth century Ballarat. It develops an understanding of women as active agents who engaged with, and negotiated, relationships of power. It highlights the fluidity in gendered roles, the blurred lines between the public and private domains, and the complexity of colonial life and relationships. This social and feminist history situates women within the system of patriarchal power which systematically and overtly benefited men. It reveals the complex operation of patriarchal power in which women accepted, challenged, and resisted social values and constructs. Such a consideration of the structure of power dislodges the notion of women as oppressed bodies who passively accepted universal and monolithic patriarchal values, and instead highlights diversity within gendered power structures. Drawing on public documentation, narrative, biographical, and statistical information from a diverse, extensive, and comprehensive range of archival sources, this thesis utilises a form of microhistorical methodology to detail and analyse the ways in which colonial women helped to shape society. It then draws a broader interpretation from such analysis to locate this thesis among other feminist and goldfields discourses. Through the central themes of health, birth, death, marnage, family, law, religion, temperance, philanthropy, work and public protests, this study_ identifies strands of agency exercised by Ballarat' s colonial women during the city's metamorphosis from the heady early days after the official discovery of payable gold in 1851 and the subsequent expansion of colonial settlement, to the consolidation of the City of Ballarat in 1871. Women predominantly acted as domesticating, nurturing and civilising agents, their actions deriving legitimacy from patriarchal values and endorsed by men. Women also contested, challenged, negotiated, manipulated, resisted and rejected socially accepted values, while playing out their lives within the colonial society in which they lived.Doctor of Philosophy
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Taranath, Anupama. "Disrupting colonial modernity : Indian courtesans and literary cultures, 1888-1912 /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9981961.
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Sen, Samita. "Women and labour in late colonial India : the Bengal jute industry /". Cambridge : Cambridge university press, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37097970j.
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Banerjee, Swapna M. "Men, women, and domestics : articulating middle-class identity in colonial Bengal /". New Delhi : Oxford University Press, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40029606s.
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Benna, Indo Isa. "Motivation for higher education of women from northern Nigeria". Thesis, Durham University, 2000. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1164/.
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Datta, Anjali. "Rebuilding lives and redefining spaces : women in post-colonial Delhi, 1945-1980". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708474.
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Harmon, Sandra D. Bergstrom Peter V. "Colonial puritan New England women, 1620-1750 a study and teaching unit in the history of American women /". Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1990. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9115226.
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Thesis (D.A.)--Illinois State University, 1990.Title from title page screen, viewed November 28, 2005. Dissertation Committee: Peter V. Bergstrom (chair), Ann P. Malone, Lawrence W. McBride, Carl J. Ekberg, Beverly A. Smith. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 306-325) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Sitompul, Jojor Ria. "Visual and textual images of women : 1930s representations of colonial Bali as produced by men and women travellers". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2008. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4107/.
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All kinds of travellers came to Bali in the 1930s. Many of them produced books and photographs, which later incited more visitors to come and see Bali for themselves. The works of these image-makers who travelled to Bali are the result of actual experience and recounted journeys. Their descriptions of Bali, although based on authentic experience, are also the result of literary and pictorial readings. Their accounts or representations are often enriched with material accumulated from fiction, biblical references, and scientific books, as well as paintings and photographs. These image-makers of Bali did not arrive without mental luggage. Both the textual and visual image-makers constructed images of the paradise according to their own fantasies and personal experience, as did the consumers of those images. The representation of Balinese women was thus heavily influenced by earlier travellers, photographers, and scholars. However, it is difficult to know who imitates whom and whose images can be cited as authentic. The previous readings or visual representations condition expectations in each traveller, so that she or he fashions images inspired by those already in circulation. The themes which recur over and over in photographs confirm existing stereotypical concepts. In other words, these representations influence perceptions of the 'other' that persist to the present day.
22
Tsang, Chiu-long Carol, i 曾昭朗. "Out of the dark: women's medicine and women'sdiseases in colonial Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46287620.
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Trahey, Erin Malone. "Free women and the making of colonial Jamaican economy and society, 1760-1834". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/285098.
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This study considers the social and economic lives of free women in Jamaica from 1760 to 1834. Throughout the period studied Jamaica was Britain's most important imperial holding. The colony's slave economy, driven by the labour of hundreds of thousands of enslaved men and women, generated incredible wealth. Still, Jamaica was the deadliest place to live in British America. Due to the endemic nature of tropical disease and atrocious mortality rates, neither the enslaved population nor the white population maintained itself naturally prior to emancipation. However, an environment characterized by death and demographic crisis engendered heightened opportunities for women to take part in tropical enterprise and to shape the futures of their families. Inheritance norms were weakened by the omnipresence of death, precipitating more generous inheritance bequests for women and a greater role given to wives and daughters-both white women, and those of mixed-race descent-in tropical commerce. Additionally, as slave ownership was not limited by gender or race, free women of all races took part in the slave economy. Free women's visibility in the island's formal as well as informal economies, and the wealth accumulated by some, was unsurpassed in a British American context. However, in this slave society, free women's prosperity rested upon the exploitation and oppression of others. In contrast to familiar historical trajectories that have presented Caribbean participation in Atlantic markets of slavery and capital as male-driven ventures, this study argues that free women of all races were vital participants in the slave economy and principle beneficiaries of plantation profits. This project moves beyond previous studies on women in colonial Jamaica by revealing how women's enterprise and relations with one another shaped the nature of this economy and society, including the commercial, familial and kin networks that bound it together. In doing so, it enhances our understanding of this colony and the operation of race and gendered power within it.
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Abuk, Christina. "Promised lands and lost homes : migration and settlement in four novels by African women". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340805.
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Cotton, Jennifer. "Forced Feminism: Women, Hijab, and the One-Party State in Post-Colonial Tunisia". unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-09012006-125508/.
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Thesis (B.A. Honors)--Georgia State University, 2006.Title from title screen. Kathryn McClymond, thesis director. Electronic text (45 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Apr. 25, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 44-45).
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Madhani, Taslim. "Constructions of Muslim identity : women and the education reform movement in colonial India". Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98555.
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This thesis examines educational reforms initiated by British colonial officials in late nineteenth/early twentieth century India and the responses they ensued from Indian Muslim reformers. Focusing on the "woman question," British colonizers came to the conviction that the best method to "civilize" Indian society was to educate women according to modern Western standards. Muslim reformers sought to resolve the "woman question" for themselves by combining their own ideologies of appropriate female education with Western ones. Muslim reformers were also deeply concerned with the disappearance of Islamic identity owing to colonial educational policies. Reformers placed the responsibility of maintaining Islamic culture on the shoulders of women so as to both resolve the debate over the proper place of women in society and retain a distinct Islamic identity in the changing Indian context. This resolution limited Indian Muslim women's access to education as well as their participation in Indian society at large.
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Farooq, Samaya. "‘Muslim women’, Islam and sport : ‘race’, culture and identity in post-colonial Britain". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2010. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3904/.
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This thesis offers insight into the lives and lived (sporting) experiences of 20 British born Muslim women of Pakistani and Bangladeshi heritage. [In the interests of anonymity, pseudonyms have been used throughout this thesis.] They comprise working professionals and students who live in the urban diaspora community of Stratley, UK, and have been playing basketball in their local community since April 2007. Adopting a post-colonial feminist philosophical consciousness, this qualitative ethnographic study centralises the voices of subjects who are both pathologised in media-hyped discourses pertaining to the ‘Islamic peril’, and truncated by the affront of fundamentalist Islam. It does this by addressing four inter-related research questions. The first asks how membership of urban diasporic communities contributes to British Muslim women’s self-identifications and whether living in such spaces shapes the nature and context of women’s (social) lives and their entry to sport. The second question explores the extents to which British Muslim women are able to activate a ‘politics of difference’ to (re)-negotiate their access to sport. The third question centralises the complex identity politics of being ‘British Muslims’ and assesses, in particular, whether my respondents’ sporting ambitions have any impact on their identity work as ‘British born’ Muslim women who are of a migrant heritage. The fourth question also addresses British Muslim women’s sense of self, but investigates, in particular, whether playing basketball has any impact on the ‘self/bodywork’ of single, heterosexual ‘British-born’ Muslim women of a migrant heritage. Drawing upon critical literatures rooted in post-colonial, Asian and Islamic feminism the study contextualises the conditions of post-colonialism for Muslim individuals in Britain, especially Muslim women. It also focuses upon debates pertaining to Muslim women and sport. By privileging marginal epistemologies that have often been silenced or distorted through essentialist, uncritical and simplistic understandings of ‘Muslim women’, findings advance arguments about the lives, lifestyles and identities of subjects whose social, gendered, cultural and religious authenticities beneath the (body) veil evoke both sensitive questions and global concerns (especially in the aftermath of 9/11). The overall discussion brings into sharp focus the collective and subjective struggles of respondents in terms of their identity re/construction. I allude to the agentic capacity which my respondents had to re-constitute and re-negotiate aspects of their day-to-day lives, their engagement with sport, their identities and their bodies. I exemplify the myriad ways and extents to which my participants struggle against multiple material constraints that impose a particular ‘identity’ upon Muslim women and enforce a way of life upon them that restricts their access to sports. The thesis concludes that those frequently depicted as being oppressed and voiceless do indeed have the power to relationally make, unmake and/or remake their selfhoods.
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Wanhalla, Angela C. "Gender, race and colonial identity : women and eugenics in New Zealand, 1918-1939". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of History, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4237.
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The very general nature of eugenics allowed many diverse groups and individuals, that on the surface had little in common, to form alliances along eugenic lines. Social and moral reformers, politicians, scientists, academics and medical authorities were among the many supporters of eugenics. This thesis traces the participation of the National Council of Women, the Women's Christian Temperance Union, the Society for the Protection of Women and Children, and the Women's Division of the Farmers' Union, as well as female government officials and professional women who as teachers, doctors, nurses, writers, and feminists acted to produce a gendered and raced discourse of eugenics in interwar New Zealand. At the same time, it is argued that New Zealand was not merely a consumer of eugenics, as eugenics was expressed in Britain, but that it was adapted to the geographical and metaphorical spaces of New Zealand. Further, New Zealand eugenics was re-represented in its colonial form, with an emphasis on environmental reform, to Britain. Meanwhile, New Zealand's dawning nationalism saw it turn to countries beyond Britain for alternative models of eugenics, to construct and develop a New Zealand eugenics relative to the geographical, racial, economic and political terrain of the country. This thesis suggests that overseas models and influences contributed to a making of a colonial eugenics, where a distinctive New Zealand voice and anxieties were present It is also suggested that what has been written about eugenics has neglected the colonial setting and has often viewed eugenics as a monolithic discourse that was culturally and geographically invariant. In short, this thesis deals not only with gender but also with the themes of race and colonial identity, arguing that like feminism, eugenics is subject to historical specificity.
29
Ward, Anne Elizabeth. ""Idle, Lewd, Brabling Women:" Slander and Bastardy in Colonial Tidewater Virginia, 1640-1725". W&M ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625922.
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Wyrtzen, Jonathan David. "Constructing Morocco the colonial struggle to define the nation 1912-1956 /". Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/453960822/viewonline.
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Hasseler, Theresa A. ""Myself in India" : the memsahib figure in colonial India /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9364.
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Huang, Yi. "Borderland without Borders: Chinese Diasporic Women Writers in the Americas". Scholarly Repository, 2011. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/559.
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This project seeks to expand Asian American studies and Asian North American studies to the Caribbean/South America by examining works of SKY Lee, Maxine Hong Kingston and Jan Shinebourne. I argue that these writers represent Chinese diasporic experiences by reconstructing Chinese immigration history to the Americas. Although different racial constitutions and different cultural and historical specificities occasion the racializations of the Chinese in these regions, the colonial and neocolonial powers deploy similar mechanism for racializations and cultural politics that favors the dominant. These writers’ evocation of the nomadic female subjectivity that traverses the multiple and shifting borderlands and contact zones in their narratives offers a comparative perspective on the construction of ethnic female identity across the Americas and leads to a critique of the function of (neo)colonial power in identity and social formation in the Americas. Engaging in a hemispheric study of the Chinese immigration to the Americas, this project also contributes to recent scholarship on diasporic studies as it challenges the conventional categorization of global diasporas, specifically Chinese diaspora as diaspora of trade, and destabilizes the homeland/hostland binary with an account of the secondary migrations within the Americas. Drawing on recent scholarship on diasporic, hemispheric and women’s studies, and global Asian immigration, the Introduction outlines the methodology of the project. Chapter one examines Lee’s "Disappearing Moon Café," arguing that in this family saga Lee repoliticizes the marginalization of the Chinese by exploring the relationship between Chinese and American Indians against the broad racial relationships in Canada. Chapter two reexamines autobiography as a genre and contends that Kingston documents anti-Chinese U.S. immigration history in "The Woman Warrior" and "China Men" by narrating her family genealogy, which mirrors the collective history of Chinese immigration to the Americas. Chapter three focuses on Shinebourne’s representations of creolized Chinese experiences in "The Last English Plantation" and "Timepiece" against the background of Afro- and Indo-Guyanese conflicts in colonial Guyana. While Lee and Kingston foster transpacific dialogues, Shinebourne’s works depict the intersecting experiences of Chinese, East Indian and African diasporas. Her works foreground the historical and political connection of Asian indentureship with African slavery as an alternative labor source for the colonial economy in the Caribbean and Latin America and hence make evident the extension of European Atlantic system to the Pacific
33
Deutsch, Karin Anne. "Muslim women in colonial North India circa 1920-1947 : politics, law and community identity". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/229605.
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This dissertation explores the relationship between gender and Muslim community identity in late colonial India. It pursues two broad themes. The first of these is the way in which gender issues were used symbolically by Muslim religious and political leaders to give substance to a community identity based largely on religious and cultural ideals in the three decades prior to independence. The second is the activities of elite Muslim women in social reform organisations and their entry into politics. Most of the recent literature on the development of a distinct Muslim identity during this period focuses entirely on politics and thus on relatively short-term factors leading to Partition. However, gender makes us look again at the longer term, especially the way in which it gave substance to the imagining of an all- India Muslim identity. I examine the various constructions and stereotypes of the Muslim woman and the ways in which she was seen as being in need of special protection in the political sphere while being in an advantageous position with regard to Muslim personal law. Of particular importance here are the discourse on purdah, which had become communalised during this period even as purdah practices were changing, and the ways in which Islamic law became considered as a 'sacred site' for Muslims in the late colonial period. I argue that the focus on gender issues by certain political and religious leaders was a 'universalising' factor: while it was difficult to portray all Indian Muslims as constituting a definitive and united group, all Indian Muslim women could be depicted as being alike, with the same interests and problems. These tendencies were strengthened by the Indian Muslim awareness of a wider Muslim community. In terms of practice, I examine women's entry into the political sphere, as well as their relationship with national women's organisations. I show that women were not passive onlookers to the debates on gender, but contributed to them, although their interest was more on improving women's rights than on formulating community identities. The dissertation examines women's conflicting identities as women and as Muslims, particularly as the initial unity among women on social reform issues was eroded due to communal antagonism in the realm of politics. The focus of the dissertation will be on the public sphere, which is where one can best examine the interactions between men and women, Hindus and Muslims, and Indian and British representatives. Given the diversity of the Indian Muslim experience, I concentrate on and give examples primarily from the United Provinces, but owing to wider connections between women I also look at other north Indian examples.
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Mackay, Morag. ""A Colonial Tale of Fact and Fiction": Nineteenth-Century New Zealand Novels by Women". Thesis, University of Auckland, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/1641.
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This thesis plots the emergence and development of the nineteenth-century New Zealand women's novel. Previously silenced in favour of a masculinist nationalist tradition, a renewed interest in our earliest literary foremothers has arisen as a result of feminism. Arguing for their acknowledgement as part of our literary history, this thesis examines the significance of these novels in the recording and formulation of a New Zealand culture and literature. The body of the thesis is constructed of three chapters, each representing a different literary from used by these novelists. The earliest is the adventure story, showcasing New Zealand's flora and fauna for the British reading public, and providing excitement in the from of the New Zealand wars, cannibalism, whaling and natural disasters. Second comes the romance, which portrays the developing colonial society and begins to define what it means to be a "New Zealander". Part B of this chapter discusses the treatment of Maori in these women's novels. It examines a group of romances with part-Maori protagonists, in which the novelists address the issue of the place of Maori in the new society. Last are the didactic novels, in which temperance, religion and women's rights are argued for. This thesis considers the characteristics of each of these forms of novel and examines the social and political contexts that gave rise to these choices. Through their novels these women communicate what it meant to be a colonial New Zealand woman - revealing their views on such issues as colonisation, relationship with Maori, the new "classless" society, marriage, and opportunities for women. They reveal a concern with the development of "the New Zealander", a New Zealand literature and culture, and evidence a developing sense of national identity.
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Erai, Michelle F. "In the shadow of Manaia : colonial narratives of violence against Maori women 1820-1870 /". Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Johnston, Laura Lynne. "Seeking aboriginal mothers : repairing colonial disruptions through Marie Clements' the unnatural and accidental women". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27920.
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Attempting to understand mainstream dismissal and degradation of missing and murdered Aboriginal women, this thesis investigates Marie Clements’ The Unnatural and Accidental Women. Retelling the story of Gilbert Paul Jordan’s murder of ten women, predominantly Aboriginal, from Vancouver’s Downtown Eastside, The Unnatural and Accidental Women exposes racist media representations that tell little of the women, emphasizinig instead their high levels of alcohol and Aboriginal background. Perpetuating stereotypes of Aboriginal women as promiscuous and alcoholic, such representations overlook Jordan’s methods of poisoning his victims with alcohol. Central to this thesis is the mother/daughter relationship within the play. Abandoned by her mother at age four, Rebecca begins to search for her mother on the drug-addiction riddles streets of Vancouver’s downtown “Skid Row.” Asking the question: Why do high numbers of Aboriginal women leave their families to live impoverished and often addicted lives full of danger and isolation?, this thesis explores governmental policies disenfranchising Aboriginal women and enforcing the removal Aboriginal children into residential schools and white foster homes. Within this context, this thesis argues that Aunt Shadie acts as a maternal metaphor, reflecting Aboriginal philosophies that honour the significance of the mother/child bond. Clements’ play can be argued to offer a maternal counter-narrative to dominant discourses of Aboriginal womanhood.
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Snively, Judith. "Female bodies, male politics : women and the female circumcision controversy in Kenyan colonial discourse". Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26124.
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At the end of the 1920s in Kenya, Protestant Missionaries, government authorities and Christian Kikuyu clashed when missionaries sought to prohibit female circumcision among their adherents. The mission discourse emphasised the negative moral and physical effects of female circumcision on individual women, while that of the government stressed the function of female circumcision in maintaining the body-politic. The colonial discourse, as whole, is marked by a striking division between issues concerning women and those deemed political. Thus, women seldom appear as actors in historical narratives of the female circumcision controversy, which is generally represented as a nationalist movement initiated by, and of concern to, men.This thesis presents alternate readings of the relevant colonial records. By examining the processes that functioned to exclude women from the political discourse it provides a different interpretation of the controversy as one in which women did indeed play a central political role, indirectly controlling the issue through men, who were regarded by the colonialists as the legitimate representatives of tribal interests. The thesis explores indirect methods of eliciting the perspectives of women which are muted or absent from the historical record.
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Henderson, Abney Louis. "Four Women: An Analysis of the Artistry of Black Women in the Black Arts Movement, 1960s-1980s". Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5236.
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This project honors and recognizes the art and activism of four Black woman--Nina Simone, Nikki Giovanni, Elizabeth Catlett, and Ntozake Shange that contributed to the revolutionary movements of the 1960s through the early 1980s. This thesis examines the works and political challenges of Black women by asking what elements in their artistry/activism addressed issues specifically related to Black women's unique position in America during the Black Revolution and feminist movements? Both primary and secondary sources such as literature from advocates of the Black Arts Movements and the lyrics, poetry, and visual art of the four Black women artists were used to gain perspectives to answer the thesis major questions. The creative visions and activism of these Black women expressed the dire need for the issues of Black women to be heard and also to address all forms of oppression that Black women experience with race, gender, social or economic status, and even cultural identity. The works of these Black women were radical and were also cultural reflections of Black women embracing their idiosyncratic position as Black women despite the climate of perpetual deceptions used either by White Western ideologies or Black male chauvinism. This thesis concluded that when the concerns of Black women are attended to by their own strengths of character and merits, they are also able in return to contribute to their own self-empowerment as well as to the development of racial, gender, and community uplift.
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Millan, Eva. "Retention Rates of Puerto Rican Women in Treatment for Substance Abuse and Mental Health Issues". ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1284.
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Individual factors may impact the retention rate of Puerto Rican women in treatment for mental health and substance abuse-related issues. The purpose of this research was to examine the demographic factors that may contribute to the low retention rate of Puerto Rican women in treatment for mental health and substance abuse. The theory of reasoned action was implicit in the intervention. Data were collected from 120 Puerto Rican women enrolled in an addiction center. The following demographic factors were chosen from prior treatment records: age at first chemical abuse, whether the participant was a child of an alcoholic, level of education, and the first language of the participant. The data were analyzed using logistic regression equations. The results of the analysis did not show a significant relationship between the demographic factors and retention rate. However, the current literature regarding the effective use of these services is still limited with this population. This current study can lead to positive social change by helping to promote awareness of how cultural factors can impact substance abuse treatment for minority women. Therefore, one recommendation for a future study would be to use a research design that would allow for more exploration of relevant cultural factors. Significant results from a future study could result in better services, which could lead to positive social change by helping to reduce recidivism and lower substance abuse in this vulnerable population.
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Adolfsson, Katarina. "Kambili and Tambudzai: Inspirational Young Women from Africa". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för humaniora (HUM), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-19227.
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This essay explores the living conditions of the main characters Kambili in Purple Hibiscus by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and Tambudzai in Nervous Conditions by Tsitsi Dangarembga and their struggle to achieve personal freedom. It aims to show that colonial stereotypes are challenged through the girl´s struggles. It starts with a short exposé over post-colonial theory, here a methodological viewpoint, which is important to consider Kambili and Tambudzai from. It furthermore considers how their extensive family circumstances have impact on these two young protagonists, and finally examines how they employ formal and informal education as a tool to make changes in their lives and become inspirational young African women.
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Reid, Patricia Mary, i n/a. "Whiteness as Goodness: White Women in PNG & Australia, 1960's to the Present". Griffith University. School of Arts, Media and Culture, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070130.140518.
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In this thesis I examine the contemporary nexus between White women and the raced and classed institution of White womanhood. More specifically, I focus on White Australian women who are middle class, rich in cultural capital, and generally consider themselves to be progressive; that is race privileged women but women who are not usually associated with overt racism. My analysis unfolds White Australian women in the discursive context of the ideologies of feminism and feminist-influenced anti-racist politics, as well as the ideologies of femininity. The thesis shows how this nexus is enacted through a vision of White women as Good as expressed in the political commitments, mentalities, relationships, narratives and corporeality of such women. The research problem that I identified and worked through in the thesis is as follows: for middle class White women, (who can be seen and see themselves as generic 'women'), Whiteness has been seen and played out as Goodness. Further, in the playing out of this Goodness White women accumulate and defend the prestige and privileges of Whiteness. Specifically, I argue that Whiteness is reproduced in some of the discourses and practices of White feminism, by the progressive White women involved in anti-racist politics, and in the femininity industry and the ways it is taken up. The nub of the problem I identify is that White women's involvement in the structures and narratives that support Whiteness is often grounded in the very qualities of character and conduct that emerge from the colonial and class-constructed ideal of White womanhood and which have historically distinguished them from denigrated others. These qualities- notably virtue, innocence and self-restraint- whilst differently nuanced in other contexts are an ongoing expression of the uses made of White womanhood as the visible sign of race and class superiority. The work examines four key periods: the Australian colony of PNG during the decolonising 1960's and 1970's; the high years of 1970's and 1980's feminism; the race debates of the 1990's; and the bodily practices of present day White women gripped by fears of fat and aging. I explore the ways in which White women's Whiteness is played out in benevolent Black/White relationships, the over-reach of difference feminism, particular kinds of anti-racist identities and activism, and body-improvement practices. In all these cultural sites, White women's Whiteness is often represented as a kind of moral being and deployed as moral authority in ways that are consonant with the raced and classed construction of White women as moral texts. My research approach was determined by the research problem I identified. Given my argument that White women mis-recognise Whiteness as Goodness in a race-structured society, then the collecting of data through interviews or surveys would have yielded material subject to this blindness. Instead, I explored sites and material where moral claims were being pressed, and case studies where 'women' were enacting themselves or being represented or interpellated as moral texts. My selection of primary source material ranges from feminist newsletters, women's and other magazines, literature, film, event programs and flyers, radio and television broadcasts, newspapers and websites, as well as reflections on my own experiences. Secondary source material includes feminist theoretical texts as well as texts drawn from a range of other disciplines, and other historical background materials. I lay out and support my arguments using a technique not dissimilar to collage, aiming to construct a picture that is compelling in its detail as well as coherent in its overall effect. This thesis is a contribution to the de-naturalisation of Whiteness. Navigating a course between the opposing hazards of essentialising Whiteness and understating its effects in contemporary Australian society, I have brought into clearer view some of the strategies which maintain the authority of Whiteness.
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Reid, Patricia Mary. "Whiteness as Goodness: White Women in PNG & Australia, 1960's to the Present". Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365505.
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In this thesis I examine the contemporary nexus between White women and the raced and classed institution of White womanhood. More specifically, I focus on White Australian women who are middle class, rich in cultural capital, and generally consider themselves to be progressive; that is race privileged women but women who are not usually associated with overt racism. My analysis unfolds White Australian women in the discursive context of the ideologies of feminism and feminist-influenced anti-racist politics, as well as the ideologies of femininity. The thesis shows how this nexus is enacted through a vision of White women as Good as expressed in the political commitments, mentalities, relationships, narratives and corporeality of such women. The research problem that I identified and worked through in the thesis is as follows: for middle class White women, (who can be seen and see themselves as generic 'women'), Whiteness has been seen and played out as Goodness. Further, in the playing out of this Goodness White women accumulate and defend the prestige and privileges of Whiteness. Specifically, I argue that Whiteness is reproduced in some of the discourses and practices of White feminism, by the progressive White women involved in anti-racist politics, and in the femininity industry and the ways it is taken up. The nub of the problem I identify is that White women's involvement in the structures and narratives that support Whiteness is often grounded in the very qualities of character and conduct that emerge from the colonial and class-constructed ideal of White womanhood and which have historically distinguished them from denigrated others. These qualities- notably virtue, innocence and self-restraint- whilst differently nuanced in other contexts are an ongoing expression of the uses made of White womanhood as the visible sign of race and class superiority. The work examines four key periods: the Australian colony of PNG during the decolonising 1960's and 1970's; the high years of 1970's and 1980's feminism; the race debates of the 1990's; and the bodily practices of present day White women gripped by fears of fat and aging. I explore the ways in which White women's Whiteness is played out in benevolent Black/White relationships, the over-reach of difference feminism, particular kinds of anti-racist identities and activism, and body-improvement practices. In all these cultural sites, White women's Whiteness is often represented as a kind of moral being and deployed as moral authority in ways that are consonant with the raced and classed construction of White women as moral texts. My research approach was determined by the research problem I identified. Given my argument that White women mis-recognise Whiteness as Goodness in a race-structured society, then the collecting of data through interviews or surveys would have yielded material subject to this blindness. Instead, I explored sites and material where moral claims were being pressed, and case studies where 'women' were enacting themselves or being represented or interpellated as moral texts. My selection of primary source material ranges from feminist newsletters, women's and other magazines, literature, film, event programs and flyers, radio and television broadcasts, newspapers and websites, as well as reflections on my own experiences. Secondary source material includes feminist theoretical texts as well as texts drawn from a range of other disciplines, and other historical background materials. I lay out and support my arguments using a technique not dissimilar to collage, aiming to construct a picture that is compelling in its detail as well as coherent in its overall effect. This thesis is a contribution to the de-naturalisation of Whiteness. Navigating a course between the opposing hazards of essentialising Whiteness and understating its effects in contemporary Australian society, I have brought into clearer view some of the strategies which maintain the authority of Whiteness.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Arts, Media and Culture
Full Text
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Muzvidziwa, Irene. "A phenomenological study of women primary school heads' experiences as educational leaders in post colonial Zimbabwe". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008200.
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This research study was carried out in order to gain an understanding of the experiences of women primary school heads, their perceptions of their roles as leaders, the challenges they face and how they dealt with them. The study focused on the lived experiences of five women in Zimbabwe's primary schools. Literature relating to the issues and experiences of women in educational leadership within school contexts and the conceptual framework is examined. The importance of leadership has been emphasised in the literature of school effectiveness. Leadership theories tended to emphasise measurability and effectiveness of leadership, oversimplifying the complexity of leadership phenomenon. These features reflect research approach adopted by researchers from a positivist orientation. This study is an in-depth qualitative study conducted along the lines suggested by a phenomenological-interpretivist design with emphasis on rich contextual detail, close attention to individual's lived experience and the bracketing of pre-conceived notions of the phenomenon. Views and experiences based on the participants' perspectives are described through in-depth interviews which were dialogical in nature. Through this approach, I managed to grasp the essences of the lived experiences of women The research highlights the women's perceptions of themselves as educational leaders. What emerges is the variety of approaches to handling challenges. My findings show a rich and diverse culture of creativity in the way participants adopted a problem-solving strategy, which is not reflected in the mainstream leadership. Though educational leadership emerges as a complex phenomenon, with alternative approaches to educational research, there is high potential for increased understanding of woman's leadership, its importance and implications for school.KMBT_363
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Carotenuto, Gianna Michele. "Domesticating the harem reconsidering the zenana and representations of elite Indian women in Colonial painting and photography of India /". Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=2024771361&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Porter, Mary Ann. "Swahili identity in post-colonial Kenya : the reproduction of gender in educational discourses /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6561.
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Datta, Anisha. "Syncretic socialism in post-colonial West Bengal : mobilizing and disciplining women for a ‘sustha’ nation-state". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/12590.
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The discourse of equality, emancipation and dignity for women does not necessarily lead to the formation of an emancipated female subject, but often ends up supporting structures and practices against which the struggle was begun. The thesis develops this argument through a close reading of the textual discourse of the socialist women’s mass organization, the Paschim Banga Ganatantrik Mahilaa Samity (PBGMS). The PBGMS is the largest state unit of the All India Democratic Women’s Association (AIDWA), which in turn is affiliated with the Communist Party of India-Marxist (CPI-M), the largest communist party in India. While the PBGMS relentlessly fights for women’s rights in public life, an examination of its published materials suggests that its ultimate aim to create a sustha (normal) nation-state, a cohesive society and a happy family turn these rights into new shackles for women. In particular, through a close reading of its publications – including pedagogical booklets, editorials, essays, poems, travelogues and fictional narratives from the periodical Eksathe – the thesis explores how the PBGMS views women instrumentally as reproductive and socializing agents for the supply of future sources of productive labor and as productive beings to act as a reserve force of labor. While comparisons can be made with other countries in the socialist world, in particular China and the USSR, this thesis focuses on PBGMS textual discourse within the specific social and political history of India, in particular Bengal. Through its selective appropriation and use of ideologies from both traditional cultural resources and modern political philosophies, the organization produces a ‘syncretic’ variety of socialism. In particular, by discursively unifying diverse beliefs and tenets the organization ironically produces a narrow nation-state centred orthodoxy rather than a dynamic heterodoxy and pluralism. This research attempts to answer the question: In what ways does the textual discourse of this communist party affiliated women’s mass organization, in pursuit of building a sustha socialist nation-state, attempt to discipline the political constituency of women? Although the political party and its mass organization aim to mobilize women by appealing to their equality and emancipation, this mobilization also seeks to constrain women’s subjectivity and curtail the scope of their emancipation.
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Larsson, Birgitta. "Conversion to greater freedom ? : women, Church and social change in North-Western Tanzania under colonial rule /". Stockholm : Almqvist och Wiksell, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35512959r.
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Jones, Sarah E. "A Comparison of the Status of Widows in Eighteenth-Century England and Colonial America". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4507/.
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This thesis compares the status of upper-class widows in England to Colonial America. The common law traditions in England established dower, which was also used in the American colonies. Dower guaranteed widows the right to one-third of the land and property of her husband. Jointure was instituted in England in 1536 and enabled men to bypass dower and settle a yearly sum on a widow. The creation of jointure was able to proliferate in England due to the cash-centered economy, but jointure never manifested itself in Colonial America because of the land centered economy. These two types of inheritance form the background for the argument that upper-class women in Colonial America had more legal and economical freedoms than their brethren in England.
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Herbert, Elanna, i n/a. "Hannah�s Place: a neo historical fiction (Exegesis component of a creative doctoral thesis in Communication)". University of Canberra. Communication Media & Culture Studies, 2005. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20070122.150626.
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The creative component of my doctoral thesis articulates narratives of female
experience in Colonial Australia. The work re-contextualises and re-narrativises
accounts of events which occurred in particular women�s lives, and which were
reported in nineteenth century newspapers. The female characters within my novel are
illiterate and from the lower classes. Unlike middle-class women who wrote letters
and kept journals, women such as these did not and could not leave us their stories.
The newspaper accounts in which their stories initially appeared reflected patriarchal
(and) class ideologies, and represented the women as the �other�. However, it is by
these same textual artefacts that we come to know of their existence.
The multi-layered novel I have written juxtaposes archival pre-texts (or intertexts)
against fictional re-narrativisations of the same events. One reason for the use of this
style is in order to challenge the past positioning of silenced women. My female
characters� first textual iterations, those documents which now form our archival
records, were written from a position of hegemonic patriarchy. Their first textual
iteration were the record of female existence recorded by others. The original voices
of the fictionalised female characters of my novel are heard as an absence and the
intertext, as well as the fiction, now stands as a trace of what once existed as women�s
lived, performative experience.
My contention is that by making use of concepts such as historiographic metafiction,
transworld identities, and sideshadowing; along with narrative structures such as
juxtaposition, collage and the use of intertext and footnotes, a richer, multidimensional
and non-linear view of female colonial experience can be achieved. And
it will be one which departs from that hegemonically imposed by patriarchy. It is the
reader who becomes the meaning maker of �truth� within historical narration.
My novel sits within the theoretical framework of postmodern literature as a variant
on a new form of the genre that has been termed �historical fiction�. However, it
departs from traditional historical fiction in that it foregrounds not only an imagined
fictional past world created when the novel is read, but also the actual archival
documents, the pieces of text from the past which in other instances and perhaps put
together to form a larger whole, might be used to make traditional history. These
pieces of text were the initial finds from the historical research undertaken for my
novel. These fragments of text are used within the work as intertextual elements
which frame, narratively interrupt, add to or act as footnotes and in turn, are
themselves framed by my female characters� self narrated stories. These introduced
textual elements, here foregrounded, are those things most often hidden from view
within the mimetic and hermeneutic worlds of traditional historical fiction. It is also
with these intertextual elements that the fictional women engage in dialogue. At the
same time, my transworld characters� existence as fiction are reinforced by their
existence as �objects� (of narration) within the archival texts. Both the archival texts
and the fiction are now seen as having the potential to be unreliable.
My thesis suggests that in seeking to gain a clearer understanding of these events and
the narrative of these particular marginalised colonial women�s lives, a new way of
engaging with history and writing historical fiction is called for. I have undertaken this
through creative fiction which makes use of concepts such as transworld identity, as
defined by Umberto Eco and also by Brian McHale, historiographic metafiction, as
defined by Linda Hutcheon and the concept of sideshadowing which, as suggested by
Gary Saul Morson and Michael Andr� Bernstein, opens a space for multiple historical
narratives.
The novel plays with the idea of both historical facts and historical fiction. By giving
textual equality to the two the border between what can be considered as historical
fact and historical fiction becomes blurred. This is one way in which a type of textual
agency can be brought to those silenced groups from Australia�s past. By juxtaposing
parts of the initial textual account of these events alongside, or footnoted below, the
fiction which originated from them, I create a female narrative of �new writing�
through which parts of the old texts, voiced from a male perspective, can still be read.
The resulting, multi-layered narrative becomes a collage of text, voice and meaning
thus enacting Mikhail Bakhtin�s idea of heteroglossia.
A reading of my novel insists upon questioning the truthfulness or degree of reliability
of past textual facts as accurate historic records of real women�s life events.
It is this which is at the core of my novel�an historiographic metafictional
challenging by the fictional voices of female transworld identities of what had been
written as an historical, legitimate account of the past. This self-reflexive style of
historical fiction makes for a better construct of a multi-dimensional, non-linear view
of female colonial experience.
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Banda, Roselyn Chigonda. "EVERY WOMAN HAS A STORY: NARRATIVES OF SOUTHERN AFRICAN WOMEN IN U.S. HIGHER EDUCATION". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1429373672.
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