Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Colonial science”
Kliknij ten link, aby zobaczyć inne rodzaje publikacji na ten temat: Colonial science.
Utwórz poprawne odniesienie w stylach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard i wielu innych
Sprawdź 50 najlepszych artykułów w czasopismach naukowych na temat „Colonial science”.
Przycisk „Dodaj do bibliografii” jest dostępny obok każdej pracy w bibliografii. Użyj go – a my automatycznie utworzymy odniesienie bibliograficzne do wybranej pracy w stylu cytowania, którego potrzebujesz: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver itp.
Możesz również pobrać pełny tekst publikacji naukowej w formacie „.pdf” i przeczytać adnotację do pracy online, jeśli odpowiednie parametry są dostępne w metadanych.
Przeglądaj artykuły w czasopismach z różnych dziedzin i twórz odpowiednie bibliografie.
1
Jacquesson, Svetlana. "The Time of Dishonour: Land and Murder under Colonial Rule in the Tian Shan". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 55, nr 4-5 (2012): 664–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341271.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract In this article I try to uncover the reasons for false accusations of murder, instigated murders, and staged murders among the Tian Shan Kyrgyz under Russian colonial rule. Towards this end, I read, contrapuntally, field data, ethnohistorical accounts, colonial statutory laws, and colonial ethnography. I argue that colonial interventions—namely, the hybrid adjudication of murders, the newly designed system of self-government, and the imposition of an arbitrary land-rights regime—correlated in unexpected ways and triggered instigated and staged murders and false accusations of murder as an extreme recourse in defence of land-use rights. I conclude by relating the particular legal setting of Russian colonial rule to its representation as “the time of dishonour.” Dans cet article j’essaie d’élucider les fausses accusations de meurtre, les meurtres prémédités et les meurtres simulés attestés parmi les Kirghiz du Tian Shan à l’époque colonial. A cette fin, j’analyse des récits ethno-historiques, les lois statutaires coloniales et les écrits des ethnographes coloniaux. Je soutiens que des interventions coloniales, telles le jugement hybride des meurtres, le système d’auto-gouvernance nouvellement introduit et la gestion ambiguë de la terre, se combinent de façon inattendue pour produire les meurtres bizarres comme ultime remède aux injustices terriennes. Dans les conclusions, je relie l’environnement légal de la domination coloniale à sa représentation comme “le temps de déshonneur.”
2
Cañizares‐Esguerra, Jorge. "Iberian Colonial Science". Isis 96, nr 1 (marzec 2005): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/430679.
Pełny tekst źródła
3
French, Steven. "Decentering ‹Colonial’ Science". Metascience 16, nr 3 (19.09.2007): 543–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11016-007-9138-1.
Pełny tekst źródła
4
Segalla, Spencer D. "The Micropolitics of Colonial Education in French West Africa, 1914–1919". French Colonial History 13 (1.05.2012): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41938220.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract Cet article examine les controverses qui se sont déroulées au sein de l’administration coloniale française concernant la micro-politique des relations locales entre administrateurs français et Africains de l’Ouest étudiants ou diplômés des écoles françaises. Au cours de la Première Guerre mondiale, des événements ont alimenté les craintes françaises d’une révolution socio-culturelle dans les relations coloniales. En 1918, plusieurs allégations d’incidents d’insubordination impliquant des étudiants, diplômés, et enseignants africains ont exacerbé ces peurs, et ces incidents devenus le centre des débats sur le rôle futur des sujets coloniaux diplômés des écoles françaises de l’AOF. La thèse principale de cet article est que l’attaque menée contre l’assimilationnisme dans la politique éducative des années 1910 n’était pas seulement un sous-produit des événements politiques majeurs, mais qu’il concerne aussi les relations quotidiennes de pouvoir et d’autorité dans les colonies. Cet article soutient la thèse que l’éducation française et les tentatives de contestation mineure par des étudiants, diplômés, et enseignants africains, ont provoqué des inquiétudes sur le pouvoir colonial français, et que ces points de contestation ont été au centre de l’élaboration des politiques éducatives à la fin de la guerre.
5
Schiebinger, Londa. "Feminist History of Colonial Science". Hypatia 19, nr 1 (2004): 233–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2004.tb01276.x.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This essay offers a short overview of feminist history of science and introduces a new project into that history, namely feminist history of colonial science. My case study focuses on eighteenth-century voyages of scientific discovery and reveals how gender relations in Europe and the colonies honed selective collecting practices. Cultural, economic, and political trends discouraged the transfer from the New World to the Old of abortifacients (widely used by Amerindian and African women in the West Indies).1
6
Velmet, Aro. "In the Image of Pasteur". French Historical Studies 43, nr 4 (1.10.2020): 633–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00161071-8552489.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract How does an imperial lens change our view of capitalism and science in early twentieth-century France? Using the colonial expansion of the Pasteur Institutes as a case study, this article argues that French microbiologists developed both new business models and new values of masculine comportment during their time in the colonies. There the dynamic interaction between economic success and demonstration of scientific masculinity became particularly important in reshaping how Pastorians both saw the future of their institution and interpreted the meaning of its past. Against the image of the ascetic, nonprofit scientist, Pastorians in the colonies opposed an ambitious and entrepreneurial hero. After the Great War undermined the ascetic model and weakened the economic power of the metropolitan institute, colonial Pastorians were able to shape representations of the Pastorian network to the public and narrate the history of its founder as a heroic conqueror of the microbial world. Comment une optique impériale change-t-elle notre perspective sur le capitalisme et la science au début du vingtième siècle ? Prenant l'expansion coloniale des instituts Pasteur comme exemple, cet article avance que les microbiologistes français ont développé à la fois de nouveaux modèles économiques et de nouvelles valeurs du comportement masculin au cours de leur séjour dans les colonies. Ici, l'interaction dynamique entre le succès économique et la démonstration de la masculinité scientifique est devenue particulièrement importante pour remodeler à la fois la façon dont les pastoriens voyaient l'avenir de leur institution et interpretaient le sens de son passé. Contre l'image du scientifique ascétique, les pastoriens coloniaux opposaient un héros ambitieux et entreprenant. Après que la Grande Guerre a sapé le modèle ascétique et affaibli le pouvoir économique de l'Institut métropolitain, les pastoriens coloniaux ont pu façonner des représentations publiques du réseau pastorien et raconter l'histoire de son fondateur comme conquérant héroïque du monde microbien.
7
Poncelet, Marc. "Colonial Ideology, Colonial Sciences and Colonial Sociology in Belgium". American Sociologist 51, nr 2 (czerwiec 2020): 148–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12108-020-09455-z.
Pełny tekst źródła
8
Sibeud, Emmanuelle. "A Useless Colonial Science?" Current Anthropology 53, S5 (kwiecień 2012): S83—S94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/662682.
Pełny tekst źródła
9
Spencer, F. "A Colonial-Era Science". Science 259, nr 5100 (5.03.1993): 1474–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.259.5100.1474.
Pełny tekst źródła
10
Wiener, Margaret J. "Magic, (colonial) science and science studies". Social Anthropology 21, nr 4 (listopad 2013): 492–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-8676.12042.
Pełny tekst źródła
11
Lane Jonah, Anne-Marie. "Unequal Transitions: Two Métis Women in Eighteenth-Century Île Royale". French Colonial History 11 (1.05.2010): 109–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41938199.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract Cette étude établit une comparaison entre deux françaises coloniales nées dans deux communautés périphériques d’Acadie au XVIIIe siècle (aujourd’hui la Nouvelle Écosse péninsulaire et le sud du Nouveau Brunswick). Ces deux femmes, qui avaient des pères européens et des mères d’origines mixtes, européennes et amérindiennes, ont déménagé pour s’installer dans la colonie française de l’île Royale (aujourd’hui le Cap-Breton), puis se sont mariées dans la société de ce centre colonial administratif, militaire et commercial. L’une a fini ses jours comme femme d’affaires accomplie et épouse d’officier, intégrant ainsi l’élite coloniale. L’autre fut l’objet d’un processus juridique qui mit fin à son mariage avec un officier. Les ressemblances entre ces femmes et les différences entre leurs sorts démontrent la nature contingente des idées que se faisaient les français coloniaux des notions de race, de classe, et de sexe. Durant leur vie, l’interprétation et la manipulation de ces facteurs qui constituent l’identité par ces femmes, leurs familles et les autorités coloniales, ont déterminé la réussite des efforts qu’elles ont fait pour passer d’une société coloniale à une autre.
12
Schiebinger, Londa L. "Feminist History of Colonial Science". Hypatia 19, nr 1 (2004): 233–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hyp.2004.0016.
Pełny tekst źródła
13
Schiebinger, Londa. "Feminist History of Colonial Science". Hypatia: A Journal of Feminist Philosophy 19, nr 1 (styczeń 2004): 233–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/hyp.2004.19.1.233.
Pełny tekst źródła
14
Teng-Zeng, Frank K. "Science, Technology and Institutional Co-operation in Africa: From Pre-Colonial to Colonial Science". Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review 22, nr 1 (2006): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/eas.2006.0001.
Pełny tekst źródła
15
Longmore, Paul K. "“Good English without Idiom or Tone”: The Colonial Origins of American Speech". Journal of Interdisciplinary History 37, nr 4 (kwiecień 2007): 513–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh.2007.37.4.513.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The interplay between modes of speech and the demographical, geographical, social, and political history of Britain's North American colonies of settlement influenced the linguistic evolution of colonial English speech. By the early to mid-eighteenth century, regional varieties of English emerged that were not only regionally comprehensible but perceived by many observers as homogeneous in contrast to the deep dialectical differences in Britain. Many commentators also declared that Anglophone colonial speech matched metropolitan standard English. As a result, British colonials in North America possessed a national language well before they became “Americans.” This shared manner of speech inadvertently helped to prepare them for independent American nation-hood.
16
Roque, Ricardo. "Transnational Isolates: Portuguese Colonial Race Science and the Foreign World". Perspectives on Science 30, nr 1 (styczeń 2022): 108–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/posc_a_00404.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract This article examines scientific transnationalism as an art of engagement with, and avoidance of, the threats and promises of what was foreign to the nation. Portuguese racial anthropologists experienced a tension between remaining imperial-nationalistic in character, and internationalist in their activities simultaneously. They struggled to exclude foreigners from colonial field sites; they aimed at nativist authority based on total control of colonial data. Yet, they eagerly sought connections with foreign experts to capitalize provincial scientific authority within Portugal’s colonies. The essay conceptualizes this mode of transnationalism as also a kind of isolationism, an inward oriented form of engaging with foreign sciences and scientists as ambivalently powerful and threatening strangers.
17
Home, R. W. "The Royal Society and the Empire: The colonial and Commonwealth Fellowship Part 2. After 1847". Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 57, nr 1 (22.01.2003): 47–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2003.0196.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In the first part of this paper I provided a systematic historical analysis of the election of residents of Britain's colonial territories to The Royal Society of London in the period before the reform of the Society's rules in 1847. Residents of the colonies were always eligible for election on the Home List and significant numbers of Fellows were elected on the basis of colonial careers. In the present paper the analysis is extended to reveal the changing pattern of elections from different parts of the Empire after 1847. After the reform of 1847, election came to be regarded as the ultimate accolade that could be bestowed on a scientist working in the colonies, as it did for scientists working in Britain. The Society thus came to function as the linchpin of an Empire-wide system of scientific patronage and reward that helped to keep colonial science firmly bound to that of the metropolis. By preserving its rules unchanged, even after the breaking up of the Empire after World War II, the Society helped Britain to retain a degree of cultural hegemony, so far as science was concerned, over its former colonial territories, long after they achieved political independence.
18
ZIMMER, R. L. "Colonial Adaptations: Bryozoan Evolution." Science 245, nr 4916 (28.07.1989): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.245.4916.422.
Pełny tekst źródła
19
Ragab, Ahmed. "Making History: Identity, Progress and the Modern-Science Archive". Journal of Early Modern History 21, nr 5 (30.10.2017): 433–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342570.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract The history of pre- and early-modern science, medicine, and technology in the Islamicate world has been traditionally charted around certain signposts: Translation, Golden Age, and Decline. These signposts tethered the history of Islamic sciences to a European story that culminates in the Scientific Revolution and that links European colonial expansion (causally and chronologically) to modernity. This article looks at the roots of the classical narrative of the history of Islamic sciences and explores its connections to the production of colonial sciences and the proliferation of colonial education. Moving beyond the validity or accuracy of the Golden-Age/Decline narrative, it asks about the archives that such a narrative constructs and the viability of categories and chronologies, such as the “early modern,” in thinking about histories of the Global South, in general, and of the Islamicate “world” in particular.
20
Mirzekhanov, Velikhan. "Imperial Myth as a National Idea: Explicit and Hidden Meanings of the 1931 International Colonial Exhibition in Paris". ISTORIYA 12, nr 6 (104) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840016273-9.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The article presents an analysis of the colonial exhibition of 1931 in the context of the metamorphosis of the colonial idea in France. After the First World War, the difficulties in managing the colonies were increasingly felt in France. The French political class hoped to give new vitality to the national consciousness, which was threatened by various social-revolutionary and anti-colonial movements, through the reform of colonial policy. The colonial exhibition of 1931 became the apogee of imperial propaganda in the metropolis and a symbol of unity between the Third Republic with its colonies. Its success was associated with the extent to which the colonial idea penetrated French society and with the stabilization of the mother country's relations with her colonies between the two world wars. The colonial discourse of the 1931 exhibition was an apology for republican centrism expressed through the firm positioning of racial superiority, the demonstration of the validity of the ideals of progress inevitably brought about by colonization, and the dominance of French values. The author demonstrates that the new political situation that developed after the Great War contributed to the achievement of colonial consolidation, on the part of the majority of parties and, mainly, through the deployment of the state propaganda machine. The colonies and the colonial question marked the outlines, the brushstrokes, as it were, of a national union. This union between the national and the colonial, the nation and the empire, was twofold. Between the two world wars, national and colonial issues became logically interlinked and interdependent. The author concludes that the 1931 exhibition propagated the idea of the imperial order through the display and presentation of idealized indigenous cultures represented by a variety of artifacts, fine arts, and architecture. The 1931 exhibition became a general imperial holiday, and was intended to serve the unity between the imperial centre and the colonies. It became an important tool of imperial construction, a fairly effective means of broadcasting the official imperial ideology, and a metaphor for the colonial republic, which embodied the cultural, social, and mental characteristics of the imperial nation; its hidden meaning was directed against the growing ideas of colonial nationalism and resistance.
21
Prakash, Gyan. "Science "Gone Native" in Colonial India". Representations 40, nr 1 (październik 1992): 153–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.1992.40.1.99p0141e.
Pełny tekst źródła
22
Johnston, Roy. "Science in a Post-Colonial Culture". Irish Review (1986-), nr 8 (1990): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/29735517.
Pełny tekst źródła
23
Prakash, Gyan. "Science "Gone Native" in Colonial India". Representations 40 (1992): 153–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2928743.
Pełny tekst źródła
24
Adas, Michael, i William Kelleher Storey. "Science and Power in Colonial Mauritius". American Historical Review 104, nr 3 (czerwiec 1999): 1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2651187.
Pełny tekst źródła
25
Seth, Suman. "Colonial History and Postcolonial Science Studies". Radical History Review 2017, nr 127 (styczeń 2017): 63–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-3690882.
Pełny tekst źródła
26
Butler, Larry J. "Industrialisation in Late Colonial Africa: A British Perspective". Itinerario 23, nr 3-4 (listopad 1999): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s016511530002461x.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Among the most entrenched criticisms of the record of European colonial rule in Africa is that it discouraged, or actively obstructed, the emergence of diversified colonial and post-colonial economies. Specifically, it is normally argued, the colonial state failed to create the climate in which industrialisation might have been possible. The two basic explanations advanced for this policy of neglect were a desire to ensure that the colonies continued to provide the metropolitan economies with a steady supply of desirable commodities, and a concern to protect the market share of metropolitan exporters. Critics of the colonial legacy, across the ideological spectrum, have often assumed that ‘development’ was a condition which could only be achieved through the process of industrialisation, and that specialisation in commodity production for export could not have been in the colonies' long-term interests. Moreover, in the late colonial period, industrialisation had come to be seen by many as a measure of a state's effective autonomy and economic ‘maturity’, as witnessed by the sustained attempts by many former African colonies to promote their own industrial sectors, often with substantial state involvement or assistance. While it cannot dispute the obvious fact that in most of late colonial Africa, industrialisation was negligible, this paper will offer a refinement of conventional assumptions about the colonial state's attitudes towards this controversial topic. Drawing on examples from British Africa, particularly that pioneer of decolonisation, West Africa, and focusing on the unusually fertile period in colonial policy formation from the late 1930s until the early 1950s, it will suggest that the British colonial state attempted, for the first time, to evolve a coherent and progressive policy on encouraging colonial industrial development.
27
Hyun, Jaehwan. "Racializing Chōsenjin: Science and Biological Speculations in Colonial Korea". East Asian Science, Technology and Society 13, nr 4 (11.10.2019): 489–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/18752160-8005053.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract Recent literature on the history of medicine in colonial Korea has revealed that Japanese medical scientists studied Korean bodies to expose racial differences between the Japanese and Koreans and justify Japanese colonial rule. Previous scholars, however, have focused mainly on finding a connection between colonial medical research and eugenics. This article attempts to consider things as yet underinvestigated, in particular, the way in which medical research on Koreans emerged and was intertwined with Japanese colonialism in other ways, separate from contemporary eugenics projects. The article examines the emergence and development of what we now considered as “racial sciences”—physical anthropology, serological anthropology, and human genetics—with regard to the biological characteristics of Koreans. In doing so, it argues that biological speculations on Koreans originated as a subdiscipline of Japanese origin studies and resonated with a newly emerging type of colonial racism in colonial Korea—inclusionary racism. The article also presents the colonial scientific enterprise’s conclusion that Koreans were biologically heterogeneous, contradicting colonial Korean intellectuals’ assertion about Korean ethnic homogeneity. The use of Korean ethnic homogeneity as an ideological basis for nation building by two Korean governments meant that postcolonial Korean scientists had to seek a way to reconcile the colonial era’s “scientific conclusion” (biological heterogeneity) with the postcolonial era’s “politically approved” conceptualization (biological homogeneity). Therefore, regardless of whether it was trying to refute, appropriate, or revitalize the colonial legacy, biological research on Koreans in the postcolonial period was carried out under the framework that had been constructed by colonial racial sciences.
28
Wakefield, Ewan D., Thomas W. Bodey, Stuart Bearhop, Jez Blackburn, Kendrew Colhoun, Rachel Davies, Ross G. Dwyer i in. "Space Partitioning Without Territoriality in Gannets". Science 341, nr 6141 (6.06.2013): 68–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1236077.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Colonial breeding is widespread among animals. Some, such as eusocial insects, may use agonistic behavior to partition available foraging habitat into mutually exclusive territories; others, such as breeding seabirds, do not. We found that northern gannets, satellite-tracked from 12 neighboring colonies, nonetheless forage in largely mutually exclusive areas and that these colony-specific home ranges are determined by density-dependent competition. This segregation may be enhanced by individual-level public information transfer, leading to cultural evolution and divergence among colonies.
29
NAIR, SAVITHRI PREETHA. "Science and the politics of colonial collecting: the case of Indian meteorites, 1856–70". British Journal for the History of Science 39, nr 1 (23.02.2006): 97–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087405007624.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The case of Indian meteorite collections shows how, during the production of science, knowledge-making institutions such as museums were sometimes strongly linked with coercive institutions such as the police. If geological collecting in India in the Company period was mainly geared towards satisfying the demands of metropolitan science, the period after the 1850s saw a dramatic shift in the nature of collecting and the practice of colonial science, with the emergence of public museums in India. These colonial museums, represented by the Indian Museum, Calcutta, began to compete with the British Museum for the possession of locally formed collections in an effort to form an exemplary ‘Indian’ scientific collection. This resulted in conflicts which changed the very nature of colonial science. This paper shows how the 1860s marked a break with the past. A new breed of colonial scientist arrived, prepared successfully to challenge the status of the British Museum as the ‘centre of all sciences’ and to defend scientific institutions in the land of their practice, the colony. Rather than being driven by a feeling of scientific dependence or independence, or even the patriotic aspiration to build a national collection in London, it was scientific internationalism backed by the strength of local knowledge that now determined their practice.
30
Udasmoro, Wening, Setiadi Setiadi i Aprillia Firmonasari. "Between Memory and Trajectory: Gendered Literary Narratives of Javanese Diaspora in New Caledonia". International Journal of Interreligious and Intercultural Studies 5, nr 1 (2.06.2022): 74–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32795/ijiis.vol5.iss1.2022.2851.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The purpose of this research is to explore the memory and the trajectory of the Javanese diaspora on the novels written by two female authors of Javanese descent in New Caledonia using a gender perspective. The Javanese diaspora in New Caledonia is a community that has left their homeland (Java) to start a new life in their destination land (New Caledonia) since 1896. They are descendants of the contract coolies (laborers) sent by the Dutch colonial government who controlled the Dutch Indies, including Java, at the request of French colonial government. The delivery of contract coolies was based on an agreement called the “Koeli Ordonatie” which had become a legal regulation and was implemented since the 1880s. It was a regulation signed by the Governor-General of the Netherlands Number 138 whose purpose was to fid unskilled laborers willing to work in the Dutch colonies, especially in the plantations and mining. The coolies, especially from Java, were mostly used as manual laborers in various parts of Dutch colonies, such as in Suriname. Seeing that this Dutch policy brought positive results for the exploitation of natural resources in the Dutch colonies, the French colonial government asked the help from the Dutch colonial government to recruit the laborers to be sent to French colonial region, New Caledonia.
31
Stachowicz, Jerzy. "Nowa Polska na pustyni i czuły kolonizator. Dwie literackie fantazje kolonialne jako plan (prawie) pacyfistyczny". Przegląd Humanistyczny, nr 66/2 (16.01.2023): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2657-599x.ph.2022-2.3.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The paper examines science fiction literature as one of the sources of Polish colonial discourse. Polish SF literary colonies are not only the result of the intense ideological activity of the Maritime and Colonial League but – like many works of literature of the interwar period – are deeply rooted in the concepts of the 19th century. The literary colonies were frequently variations on the project of rebuilding the Polish state and nation beyond the existing borders, proclaimed, among others, by Piotr Wereszczyński in the 1870s. A project that, at least declaratively, was to be a kind of peaceful alternative to bloody national uprisings.
32
Clarke, Sabine. "The Research Council System and the Politics of Medical and Agricultural Research for the British Colonial Empire, 1940–52". Medical History 57, nr 3 (30.05.2013): 338–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2013.17.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
AbstractHistorical accounts of colonial science and medicine have failed to engage with the Colonial Office’s shift in focus towards the support of research after 1940. A large new fund was created in 1940 to expand activities in the colonies described as fundamental research. With this new funding came a qualitative shift in the type of personnel and activity sought for colonial development and, as a result, a diverse group of medical and technical officers existed in Britain’s colonies by the 1950s. The fact that such variety existed amongst British officers in terms of their qualifications, institutional locations and also their relationships with colonial and metropolitan governments makes the use of the term ‘expert’ in much existing historical scholarship on scientific and medical aspects of empire problematic. This article will consider how the Colonial Office achieved this expansion of research activities and personnel after 1940. Specifically, it will focus on the reasons officials sought to engage individuals drawn from the British research councils to administer this work and the consequences of their involvement for the new apparatus established for colonial research after 1940. An understanding of the implications of the application of the research council system to the Colonial Empire requires engagement with the ideology promoted by the Agricultural Research Council (ARC) and Medical Research Council (MRC) which placed emphasis on the distinct and higher status of fundamental research and which privileged freedom for researchers.
33
Gilmartin, David. "Scientific Empire and Imperial Science: Colonialism and Irrigation Technology in the Indus Basin". Journal of Asian Studies 53, nr 4 (listopad 1994): 1127–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2059236.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In the eyes of many colonial administrators in the nineteenth century, the advance of science and the advance of colonial rule went hand in hand: Science helped to secure colonial rule, to justify European domination over other peoples, and to transform production for an expanding world economy (Adas 1989). The history of irrigation in India, where the British built large new irrigation works to increase colonial revenues and expand commercial production, provides a dramatic illustration of this.
34
Gladwin, Michael R. "Australian Anglican Clergymen, Science and Religion, 1820–1850". Studies in Church History 46 (2010): 293–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400000668.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The second quarter of the nineteenth century has long been recognized as a formative period for public discussion of the relationship between science and religion, particularly in emerging sciences such as geology, where new evidence raised questions about the interpretation of the Bible. Recent scholarly studies of scientific publishing, theologies of nature and links between missionaries and scientific endeavour have drawn attention to various ways in which the relationship between religion and science was understood during the period. A common theme has been the key role of clergymen in public discourse. A lacuna in this literature, however, has been analysis of colonial sites in which these debates took place. In colonies such as New South Wales, for example, public discussion of these issues was dominated by Anglican clergyman-scientists. Yet they have attracted little attention from scholars.
35
Anderson, Vaughn. "New Worlds Collide: Science Fiction's Novela de la Selva in Gioconda Belli and Santiago Páez". Ecozon@: European Journal of Literature, Culture and Environment 3, nr 2 (6.10.2012): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/ecozona.2012.3.2.474.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The science fiction form adopted by Santiago Páez, in "Uriel" (2006), and Giaconda Belli, in Waslala (1996), owes the rudiments of its literary structure to early colonial narratives of New World encounter. Such science fiction not only contains strong traces of what Mary Louise Pratt has famously called the “rhetoric of discovery,” but also employs tropes directly or indirectly inherited from colonial travel narratives. However, Páez and Belli associate this science fiction form with a legacy of United States neo-imperialism, in which colonial narratives have been invoked and repeated triumphantly in the construction of national imaginaries. In Central and South America, conversely, the novela de la selva—the other clear structural source for Páez and Belli, and a literary form equally indebted to colonial narratives of New World encounter—remains conscious of its enunciation as a postcolonial form critical of its colonial narrative sources. While the novela de la selva, then, shares a literary taproot with sci-fi narratives of futuristic exploration, Páez and Belli utilize the latter to renovate and reactivate the former’s critique of an imperialist legacy by exploiting tensions that arise between these two disparate literary forms whose central tropes so often coincide. I argue that by adapting the ecologically aware New World imaginary peculiar to the novela de la selva, in which positivist ambitions of national expansion are checked by a forest that nevertheless becomes part of a national imaginary, Páez and Belli fundamentally alter the New World imaginary that underwrites high science fiction narratives of exploration and expansion. Resumen "Uriel" (2006), del Ecuatoriano Santiago Páez, y Waslala (1996), de la novelista nicaragüense Giaconda Belli, utilizan una forma específica de la ciencia ficción, la cual debe los elementos básicos de su estructura a las narrativas coloniales del "descubrimiento" del Nuevo Mundo. Este sub-género de la ciencia ficción no sólo demuestra lo que Mary Louise Pratt ha llamado una "rhetoric of discovery," sino que también emplea varios tropos heredados – directamente o indirectamente – de las crónicas coloniales. Sin embargo, en la obra de Páez y Belli, este sub-género se asocia principalmente con una tradición estadounidense de neoimperialismo, donde estas narrativas coloniales se celebran como parte integral de los imaginarios nacionalistas. En contraste, en Centroamérica y América del Sur, la novela de la selva – otra fuente narrativa para la obra de Páez y Belli, e igualmente fundamentada en las narrativas del descubrimiento del Nuevo Mundo – reconoce su propia enunciación como forma poscolonial y se mantiene crítica de sus fuentes coloniales. Así, mientras la novela de la selva comparte una raíz narrativa con este sub-género de la ciencia ficción, Páez y Belli hacen productivas las tensiones que surgen entre estas formas distintas cuyos tropos centrales, con mucha frecuencia, coinciden y entrechocan. En este ensayo argumento que el imaginario del Nuevo Mundo particular a la novela de la selva, marcado por una conciencia ecocrítica, sirve aquí para modificar y criticar los usos narrativos del Nuevo Mundo típicos de las narrativas futurísticas de exploración y expansión inter-galácticas.
36
Pease, Roland. "Accusations of colonial science fly after eruption". Science 372, nr 6548 (17.06.2021): 1248–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.372.6548.1248.
Pełny tekst źródła
37
Schiebinger, Londa. "Forum Introduction: The European Colonial Science Complex". Isis 96, nr 1 (marzec 2005): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/430677.
Pełny tekst źródła
38
Prince, Ruth J. "Science, knowledge and colonial rule in Africa". Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 43, nr 4 (grudzień 2012): 821–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsc.2012.06.003.
Pełny tekst źródła
39
Paine, Jack. "Democratic Contradictions in European Settler Colonies". World Politics 71, nr 3 (6.06.2019): 542–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887119000029.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
AbstractHow did political institutions emerge and evolve under colonial rule? This article studies a key colonial actor and establishes core democratic contradictions in European settler colonies. Although European settlers’ strong organizational position enabled them to demand representative political institutions, the first hypothesis qualifies their impulse for electoral representation by positing the importance of a metropole with a representative tradition. Analyzing new data on colonial legislatures in 144 colonies between the seventeenth and twentieth centuries shows that only British settler colonies—emanating from a metropole with representative institutions—systematically exhibited early elected legislative representation. The second hypothesis highlights a core democratic contradiction in colonies that established early representative institutions. Applying class-based democratization theories predicts perverse institutional evolution—resisted enfranchisement and contestation backsliding—because sizable European settler minorities usually composed an entrenched landed class. Evidence on voting restrictions and on legislature disbandment from Africa, the British Caribbean, and the US South supports these implications and rejects the Dahlian path from competitive oligarchy to full democracy.
40
JONES, ROSS L., i WARWICK ANDERSON. "Wandering anatomists and itinerant anthropologists: the antipodean sciences of race in Britain between the wars". British Journal for the History of Science 48, nr 1 (7.11.2013): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087413000939.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
AbstractWhile the British Empire conventionally is recognized as a source of research subjects and objects in anthropology, and a site where anthropological expertise might inform public administration, the settler-colonial affiliations and experiences of many leading physical anthropologists could also directly shape theories of human variation, both physical and cultural. Antipodean anthropologists like Grafton Elliot Smith were pre-adapted to diffusionist models that explained cultural achievement in terms of the migration, contact and mixing of peoples. Trained in comparative methods, these fractious cosmopolitans also favoured a dynamic human biology, often emphasizing the heterogeneity and environmental plasticity of body form and function, and viewing fixed, static racial typologies and hierarchies sceptically. By following leading representatives of empire anatomy and physical anthropology, such as Elliot Smith and Frederic Wood Jones, around the globe, it is possible to recover the colonial entanglements and biases of interwar British anthropology, moving beyond a simple inventory of imperial sources, and crediting human biology and social anthropology not just as colonial sciences but as the sciences of itinerant colonials.
41
Sartori, Paolo, i Ido Shahar. "Legal Pluralism in Muslim-Majority Colonies: Mapping the Terrain". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 55, nr 4-5 (2012): 637–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341274.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract This essay aims to provide some analytical foundations for the study of legal pluralism in Muslim-majority colonies. Specifically, we contend that the incorporation of Islamic law into the colonial legal systems should be distinguished from the process of integration and codification of oral customs. As Islamic law constitutes a well-established legal system, based on written traditions and on elaborate institutions of learning and adjudication, its incorporation into the colonial legal system carried with it a number of implications. These are discussed, as are the tripartite relations that often emerge in Muslim-majority colonies between statutory laws, Islamic, and customary laws (ʿādat, ʿurf). The final section of the essay aims to present the articles included in this special issue and to place them within this broad context. Le présent article vise à établir des fondements théoriques à l’étude du pluralisme juridique dans les colonies à majorité musulmane. Il insiste en particulier sur la nécessité qu’il y a à distinguer l’incorporation de la loi islamique aux systèmes juridiques coloniaux, du processus d’intégration et de codification du droit coutumier non écrit. La loi islamique constitue un système bien établi, fondé sur des traditions écrites et pourvu d’institutions de formation et d’exercice complexes. Son incorporation au sein du système juridique colonial a entraîné un certain nombre de conséquences spécifiques, qui sont analysées ici. Une attention particulière est en outre accordée aux relations triangulaires qui se font jour entre loi statutaire, loi islamique et droit coutumier (ʿādat, ʿurf) dans les colonies à majorité musulmane. Enfin, la dernière partie est consacrée à la présentation des articles réunis dans le numéro spécial dédié à ces enjeux.
42
Ittmann, Karl. "Demography as Policy Science in the British Empire, 1918–1969". Journal of Policy History 15, nr 4 (październik 2003): 417–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jph.2003.0024.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In 1944, Robert Kuczynski, a demographer working with the Colonial Office, wrote a memo discussing plans for a postwar census of the British Empire. He called for the creation of a Colonial Demographic Service, arguing that Colonial Office programs “offer no guarantee of a decisive improvement unless there is an expert on the spot to make an effective use of these means.” Kuczynski's firm belief in the need for expert knowledge matched the growing willingness of the Colonial Office to call upon experts in a variety of fields to assist in the reshaping of colonial government. This article examines why demography came to be seen as useful for colonial governance in the interwar years and how officials attempted to make use of demographers and demographic information in the final years of the British Empire. At present, this topic falls between several existing literatures. Works by Richard Soloway, Daniel Kelves, and others document the domestic history of demography in Great Britain, particularly its involvement in debates over hereditarian views of population. At the international level, most recent studies deal with the United States and trace the origins of American support for programs of population control after 1945. Still another body of literature chronicles the unique nature of policy formation in Britain and its relationship with social science in the twentieth century. This article seeks to connect these literatures by focusing on the colonial and international role of British demography from the end of World War I to the postcolonial era of the 1960s.
43
Frankema, Ewout. "Raising revenue in the British empire, 1870–1940: how ‘extractive’ were colonial taxes?" Journal of Global History 5, nr 3 (27.10.2010): 447–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022810000227.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
AbstractColonial tax systems have shaped state–economy relationships in the formative stages of many present-day nation-states. This article surveys the variety in colonial tax systems across thirty-four dominions, colonies, and protectorates during the heyday of British imperialism (1870–1940), focusing on a comparison of colonial tax levels. The results are assessed on the basis of different views in the literature regarding the function and impact of colonial fiscal regimes: are there clear differences between ‘settler’ and ‘non-settler’ colonies? I show that there is little evidence for the view that ‘excessive taxation’ has been a crucial characteristic of ‘extractive institutions’ in non-settler colonies because local conditions (geographic or institutional) often prevented the establishment of revenue-maximizing tax machineries. This nuances the ‘extractive institutions’ hypothesis and calls for a decomposition of the term ‘extractive institutions’ as such.
44
Supartono, Alexander, i Alexandra Moschovi. "Contesting colonial (hi)stories: (Post)colonial imaginings of Southeast Asia". Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 51, nr 3 (wrzesień 2020): 343–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463420000508.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This article seeks to explore the impact of digital technologies upon the material, conceptual and ideological premises of the colonial archive in the digital era. This analysis is pursued though a discussion of creative work produced during an international, multidisciplinary artist workshop in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, that used digital material from colonial photographic archives in the Netherlands to critically investigate the ways national, transnational and personal (hi)stories in the former colonies in Southeast Asia have been informed and shaped by their colonial past. The analysis focuses on how the artists’ use of digital media contests and reconfigures the use, truth value and power of the colonial archive as an entity and institution. Case studies include: Thai photographer Dow Wasiksiri, who questions the archive's mnemonic function by substituting early twentieth-century handcrafted association techniques with digital manipulation; Malaysian artist Yee I-Lann, who compresses onto the same picture plane different historical moments and colonial narratives; and Indonesian photographer Agan Harahap, who recomposes archival photographs into unlikely juxtapositions disseminated through social media. By repurposing colonial archival material and circulating their work online such a re-imag(in)ing of Southeast Asia not only challenges the notions of originality, authenticity, ownership and control associated with such archives, but also reclaims colonial-era (hi)stories, making them part of a democratic, expanding, postcolonial archive.
45
Mirzekhanov, Velikhan. "Civilisation and the Excluded: Ideas and Practices of Differentiation in the Colonies during the Interbellum". ISTORIYA 13, nr 9 (119) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840022994-2.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In this article the author analyses the complex nature of the relationship between Europeans and local populations in the colonies. The colonisation process implied an 'alliance' of political dominance and cultural hegemony. Colonisation was an exercise of power structured by distinctions. Although the Great War undermined the white man's civilising image, it by no means destroyed his civilising impulse. After 1918, all colonial powers gradually shifted to a “developmental” style and humanitarian rhetoric of colonial rule more in keeping with the spirit of the times. However, ideas and practices of differentiation, exclusion, segregation and everyday racism towards the indigenous population of the colonies continued to be normative. Opposition between Europeans and local populations thus remained characteristic of most colonial communities. The smooth operation of the system was conditioned by a clearly delineated divide between the coloniser and the colonised. Ideas of superiority and racial doctrines continued to shape the colonial situation in the 1920s and 1930s. Segregation and exclusion from political and social life of local elites and populations divided European colonial societies, at the heart of which was the indigenous type. It modestly participated in shaping their own destiny under the leadership of the colonisers, being one of the main elements of differentiation and exclusion in the colonies between the two world wars. Despite the active rapprochement and diversity of communicative practices between the 'men of empire' and the local non-European population in the colonies, there remained a clear caesura of the differences between them.
46
KUMAR, PRAKASH. "Plantation science: improving natural indigo in colonial India, 1860–1913". British Journal for the History of Science 40, nr 4 (18.07.2007): 537–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087407000027.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
AbstractThis paper explores the transition to synthetic dyestuffs through a principal focus on developments within the last major holdout of the natural-dye industry, the blue colourant indigo. It starts by looking closely at existing practices of cultivation and manufacture of the natural dye in colonial India in the second half of the nineteenth century. It also develops a case study based on targeted efforts scientifically to improve plant-derived indigo in laboratories and experiment stations in colonial India and imperial England. Experts attempted to increase yields and enhance the purity of the natural dye to meet the competition of the cheaper and purer synthetic indigo launched on the international market in 1897 by two German firms, BASF and Hoechst. The paper explains the patronage of science by European planters, the colonial state and the metropolitan government and analyses the nature of science that emerged in the colonial–imperial nexus.
47
Mann, Gregory. "Anti-Colonialism and Social Science: Georges Balandier, Madeira Keita, and “the Colonial Situation” in French Africa". Comparative Studies in Society and History 55, nr 1 (styczeń 2013): 92–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001041751200059x.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
AbstractTwo young men met on a quay at the port in Conakry, Guinea in 1946. One, waiting dockside, was Mamadou Madeira Keita, a low-level civil servant and archivist. Years later, when he was a political prisoner in the Malian Sahara, some would argue that he was “the first francophone African ethnographer.” The other, descending the gangplank, was the Frenchman Keita had come to meet. Georges Balandier was unknown then, but would soon become a leading figure in the fields of sociology and anthropology. The encounter between Keita and Balandier was foundational for both men. Conakry incubated a canonical intervention—Balandier's 1951 article “La Situation Coloniale”—that some attribute an ancestral role in a particular francophone tradition of postcolonial thought. Conakry, and Guinea at large, was also the crucible in which a powerful anti-colonial politics were forged by Madeira Keita and his allies. In this particular corner of West Africa, anti-colonial politics and an emergent, politically engaged social science conditioned each other, like the two strands of a double helix, each a necessary yet ultimately contingent element of the other's structure. Though these links did not last long, they had important effects. This article, by emphasizing the contingencies of the two men's intertwined biographies, seeks to carry out Balandier's dictate to emphasize the “concrete” nature of this particular situation in order to understand how and why anti-colonial politics and an innovative sociology converged and ultimately diverged.
48
Scott, Cynthia. "Renewing the ‘Special Relationship’ and Rethinking the Return of Cultural Property: The Netherlands and Indonesia, 1949–79". Journal of Contemporary History 52, nr 3 (30.11.2016): 646–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009416658698.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This article questions how the return of cultural property from metropolitan centers of former colonial powers to the successor states of former colonies have been considered positive – if rare – examples of post-colonial redress. Highlighting UNESCO-driven publicity about the transfer of materials from the Netherlands to Indonesia, and tracing nearly 30 years of diplomacy between these countries, demonstrates that the return of cultural property depended on the ability of Dutch officials to vindicate the Netherlands’ historical and contemporary cultural roles in the former East Indies. More than anything, returns were influenced by the determination of Dutch officials to find and maintain a secure cultural role in Indonesia in the future. This article also considers how Dutch policies were initially independent from, but later coincided with, the anti-colonial activism that emerged within the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) around the issue of cultural property return to former colonies. Yet, rather than reveal a mediating role for UNESCO, this article re-positions the return debate within a broader framework of shifting post-colonial cultural relations negotiated bilaterally between the Netherlands – as a former colonial power – and the leaders of the newly independent state of Indonesia.
49
Van De Mieroop, Dorien, i Jonathan Clifton. "The discursive management of identity in interviews with female former colonials of the Belgian Congo". Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 24, nr 1 (1.03.2014): 131–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.24.1.06mie.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Whilst interviews are often regarded as an essential tool for social science, it has long been recognized that the interviewer has a formative role in the locally situated socio-communicative events that interviews are. Using transcripts of interviews elicited from female former colonials in the Belgian Congo, this article examines the way in which the interviewer, himself a former colonial, manages the construction of meaning and identity in relation to two intricately interwoven issues, namely the position of women and colonial society more generally. Findings demonstrate that the interviewer places the interviewees in a position of interactional subordination which also allows him, despite the threat to the interviewees’ face, to construct women as being superfluous both in 1950s-society in general and more specifically in the storyworld of the Belgian Congo, whilst at the same time he avoids any face threat to the colonial society more generally.
50
More, Mabogo Percy. "“Post-apartheid” dominant colonial human sciences". Tumultes 58-59, nr 1 (15.12.2022): 333–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/tumu.058.0333.
Pełny tekst źródła