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1
Jones, David John. "The Australian ‘Settler’ Colonial-Collective Problem". Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365954.
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This studio-based project identifies and interrogates the Australian denial of violent national foundation as a ‘settler’ problem, which is framed by the contemporary clinical and social concept of a ‘vicious cycle of anxiety’. The body of work I have produced aims to disrupt the denial of invasion and the erasure of Aboriginal culture through accepted narratives of European settlement of Australia. By aligning collective denial with anxiety, it presents a pathway for remediation through situational exposure; in this case, through works of art. The critical perspective on the invasion and colonisation of Australia is presented in the discursive and nondiscursive modes of communication of the coloniser not to arbitrate or appease but to amplify the content. The structure of the exegesis also draws from Aboriginal narrative methodology and integrates with, and is informed by, the studio production in printmaking using demanding traditional European graphic techniques such as etching and aquatint.Thesis (Professional Doctorate)
Doctor of Visual Arts (DVA)
Queensland College of Art
Arts, Education and Law
Full Text
2
Hart, Susan. "Widowhood and remarriage in colonial Australia". University of Western Australia. School of Humanities, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0023.
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Widowhood and remarriage affected a majority of people in colonial Australia, yet historians have given them scant attention. Today, widowhood primarily concerns the elderly, but in the mid-nineteenth century a considerable proportion of deaths were amongst young adults. Thus many widows and widowers had children to care for, who were also affected by the loss of a parent and the possible remarriage of their surviving parent. Extended families might be called on for support, while communities, at the local and government level, were confronted with the need to provide welfare for the widowed and orphaned, including the older widowed. This thesis considers how widowhood impacted on men and women at all levels of society in the nineteenth-century Australian colonies, especially Western Australia and Victoria, taking into account the effects of age, class and numbers of children of the widowed. When men were the chief family earners and women were dependent child bearers the effects of widowhood could be disastrous, and widows had to employ a range of strategies to support themselves and their families. Men too were affected by widowhood, for the loss of a wifes housekeeping skills could cause serious financial consequences. One response to widowhood was remarriage, and the thesis discusses the advantages and disadvantages of remarriage for men and women. Historians have regarded remarriage as the best option for the widowed, especially for women. Research into remarriage, especially in Britain and Europe, has focussed on demography. Assuming that all widowed wished to remarry, demographers have compared remarriage rates for men and women, within the context of the relative numbers of marriageable men and women in a given community.
3
Barker, Elaine M. "Civilization in the wilderness : the homestead in the Australian colonial novel, 1830-1860 /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1989. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09armb255.pdf.
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White, Rachael. "The man on the land : classics in colonial Australia". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3994a218-67d0-45c2-ae82-18ddb98d4dae.
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The 'man on the land', in his various guises - pioneer, bushman, farmer, Anzac - is an iconic figure in Australian culture. The nationalist tradition of which he is part has often been seen as vernacular and anti-British, with roots in the democracy of the bush in the nineteenth century. This thesis argues that 'the man on the land' was not autochthonous, and owes much to the classicising influences at work in New South Wales from European settlement to the First World War. It suggests that he is, in many of his manifestations, from smallholding farmer to dutiful soldier, a Virgilian figure, and that Virgil and other Greek and Roman texts were critical to shaping the narratives through which colonial Australians made claims to land. The role of the Classics in Australian culture in the nineteenth century has been largely overlooked, and needs to be reconsidered in the light of recent work on classical receptions in other postcolonial cultures. I look first at the reception of the Georgics in New South Wales; Virgil was central to the popular narrative in which the colony appeared as a nascent Rome. I then turn to counter-narratives in which the Australian continent appears as a classical underworld. I argue that Aboriginal Australians were compared to ancient peoples as part of a discourse that reinforced the idea that they were doomed to extinction. I examine debates over the value of classical education that took place in connection with the establishment of the University of Sydney; the reception of Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus in New South Wales; and the reinvigoration of the Virgilian tradition in C. E. W. Beanâs Anzacs. It is argued that recent Australian classical receptions need to be seen in the context of this long and diverse tradition of engagement with the classical past.
5
Johnson, Stuart Buchanan School of History UNSW. "The shaping of colonial liberalism: John Fairfax and the Sydney Morning Herald, 1841-1877". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of History, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24321.
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The goal of this thesis is to examine the editorial position of the Sydney Morning Herald, Australia's oldest continually produced newspaper, as a way of examining the character of colonial liberalism. Analysis will proceed by way of close scrutiny of key issues dealt with by the Sydney Morning Herald, including: state-aid to churches; education policy; free trade; land reform; the antitransportation movement; issues surrounding political representation; and the treatment of Chinese workers. Such analysis includes an appraisal of the views of John Fairfax, proprietor from 1841 to his death in 1877, and the influences, particularly religious nonconformity, which shaped his early journalism in Britain. Another key figure in the thesis is John West, editor 1854-1873, and again his editorial stance will be related to the major political and religious movements in Britain and Australia. Part of this re-evaluation of the character of colonial liberalism in the thesis provides a critical study of the existing historiography and calls into question the widely held view that the Sydney Morning Herald was a force for conservatism. In doing so, the thesis questions some of the major assumptions of the existing historiography and, while doing justice to colonial context, attempts to contextualise colonial politics with the broader framework of mid nineteenth-century Western political thought.
6
Kwon, Shinyoung. "From colonial patriots to post-colonial citizens| Neighborhood politics in Korea, 1931-1964". Thesis, The University of Chicago, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3595935.
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This dissertation explored Korean mass politics through neighborhood associations from the late 1930s to 1960s, defining them as a nationwide organization for state-led mass campaigns. They carried the state-led mass programs with three different names under three different state powers -Patriotic NAs by the colonial government and U.S. occupational government, Citizens NAs under the Rhee regime and Reconstruction NAs under Park Chung Hee. Putting the wartime colonial period, the post liberation period and the growing cold war period up to the early 1960s together into the category of "times of state-led movements," this dissertation argued that the three types of NAs were a nodal point to shape and cement two different images of the Korean state: a political authoritarian regime, although efficient in decision-making processes as well as effective in policy-implementation processes. It also claimed that state-led movements descended into the "New Community Movement" in the 1970s, the most successful economic modernization movements led by the South Korean government.
The beginning of a new type of movement, the state-led movement, arose in the early 1930s when Japan pushed its territorial extension. The colonial government, desperate to reshape Korean society in a way that was proper to the Great East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere and wartime mobilization, revised its mechanism of rule dependent on an alliance with a minority of the dominant class and tried to establish a contact with the Korean masses. Its historical expression was the "social indoctrination movement" and the National Spiritual General Mobilization Movement. Patriotic NAs, a modification of Korean pre-modern practice, were the institutional realization of the new mechanism. To put down diverse tensions within a NA, patriarchal gatherings made up of a male headman and male heads of household were set up.
Central to their campaigns—rice collection, saving, daily use of Japanese at home, the ration programs and demographic survey for military drafts—was the diverse interpretation of family: the actual place for residence and everyday lives, a symbolic place for consumption and private lives, and a gendered place as a domestic female sphere. The weakest links of the imperial patriarchal family ideology were the demands of equal political rights and the growing participation of women. They truly puzzled the colonial government which wanted to keep its autonomy from the Japanese government and to involve Korean women in Patriotic NAs under the patriarchal authority of male headmen.
The drastic demographic move after liberation, when at least two million Korean repatriates who had been displaced by the wartime mobilization and returned from Japan and Manchuria, made both the shortage of rice and inflation worse. It led the U.S. military occupational government not only to give up their free market economy, but also to use Patriotic NAs for economic control—rice rationing and the elimination of "ghost" populations. Although the re-use of NAs reminiscent of previous colonial mobilization efforts brought backlash based on anti-Japanese sentiment, the desperation over rice control brought passive but widespread acceptance amongst Koreans.
Whilst renaming Patriotic NAs as Citizens NA for the post-Korean War recovery projects in the name of "apolitical" national movements and for the assistance of local administration, the South Korean government strove to give it historical legitimacy and to define it as a liberal democratic institution. They identified its historical origins in Korean pre-modern practices to erase colonial traces, and at the same time they claimed that Citizens NAs would enhance communication between local Koreans and the government. After the pitched political battle in the National Congress in 1957, Citizens NAs got legal status in the Local Autonomy Law. The largest vulnerability to Citizens NAs lied in their relation to politics. While leading "apolitical" national movements as well as assisting with local administration tasks, they were misused in elections. Consequently, they were widely viewed as an anti-democratic institution because they violated the freedom of association guaranteed by the Constitution and undermined local autonomous bodies. In the end, they lost their legal status in Local Autonomy Law, with Rhee regime collapsed.
When Park Chung Hee succeeded in his military coup in 1961, he resuscitated NAs in the name of Reconstruction NAs for the "Reconstruction" movement with the priority being placed on economic development. However, civilians were against the re-use of NAs, with the notion that the governments politically abused them. Finally, the arbitrary link between state power and the NAs waned throughout the 1960s, passing its baton to the "New Community Movement" which began in 1971and swept through Korean society until the 1980s. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Butterfield, Amy. "“SEND ME A BONNET”: Colonial Connections, Class Consciousness and Sartorial Display in Colonial Australia, 1788-1850". Thesis, Department of History, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/8818.
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From the outset of British settler until the onset of the Gold Rush, many wealthy settler women in New South Wales sought to acquire clothing, not from local suppliers, but through family and friends residing in Britain who purchased items on their behalf. Yet this pattern was not repeated either among emancipists or by free settlers Van Diemen’s Land. This thesis, through an analysis of the letters left by settler women, posits that this practice of privately importing clothing was in fact a strategy by which they could reinforce their superior social status in the colony. For this practice not only allowed settler women to acquire clothing in manner denied to emancipists, but also to distinguish themselves from a society and culture defined by emancipists and instead identify with but a transnational network of colonial elites, who regards Britain as their true ‘home’.
8
Norris, Rae, i n/a. "The More Things Change ...: Continuity in Australian Indigenous Employment Disadvantage 1788 - 1967". Griffith University. Griffith Business School, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070109.161046.
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The extent of Australian Indigenous employment disadvantage has been quantitatively established by researchers since the 1970s. Indigenous Australians have higher unemployment and lower participation rates, they are occupationally concentrated in low skill, low paid jobs, and their income is significantly lower on average than that of other Australians. The explanations given for this disadvantage largely focus on skills deficit and geographical location of Indigenous people. However these explanations do not stand up to scrutiny. Indigenous employment disadvantage remains irrespective of where Indigenous Australians live or how well they are qualified. Alternative explanations are clearly needed. A clue to the direction of research is given by the same researchers who acknowledge the legacy of history in creating the situation of disadvantage faced by Indigenous Australians. However, to date the nature of this legacy has not been explored. It is this history which is the focus of this thesis. The research questions which the thesis addresses are: 1. Are there identifiable 'invariant elements' which underpin the institutional forms which have regulated the treatment of Indigenous Australians within the economy, particularly in relation to employment, from colonisation until recent times? 2. Do these invariant elements help explain the continuing employment disadvantage of Indigenous Australians? To examine the history of the treatment of Indigenous Australians in relation to employment, four concepts were developed from the regulation school of economic theory and the work of Appadurai. These concepts are econoscape, reguloscape, invariant elements and institutional forms. The notion of 'scape' allows for recognition that when Australia was colonised, there already existed a set of economic arrangements and social and legal system. The conflict between the introduced economy and legal and social systems can be conceived as a conflict between two econoscapes and reguloscapes. Analysis of the econoscape and reguloscape from international, national and Indigenous perspectives for the period from colonisation to 1850 has enabled the identification of 'invariant elements' which describe the ways of thinking about Aborigines brought to the Australian colonies and adapted to the realities of the Australian situation. The four invariant elements identified are summarised as belief in 1) Aboriginal inferiority; 2) Aboriginal laziness, incapacity and irresponsibility; 3) the need for white intervention in Aboriginal lives; and 4) disregard for Aboriginal understandings, values and choices. The fourth invariant element is conceptualised as the foundation on which basis the other three developed and were able to be perpetuated. Analysis of the laws pertaining to Aborigines promulgated between 1850 and the 1960s in four jurisdictions shows that the same invariant elements influenced the nature of the institutional forms used to limit the freedom of movement and of employment of Indigenous Australians. Although during the period from the 1850s to the 1960s there was ostensibly a change in policy from one of protection to one of assimilation of Indigenous Australians, in fact little changed in terms of perceptions of Aborigines or in the institutional forms which, by the 1920s in all jurisdictions surveyed, controlled every aspect of their lives. Confirmation of the influence of the invariant elements was sought through closer study of two particular cases from the beginning and end of the above time period. These case studies involved examination of the institutional forms within the context of the econoscape and reguloscape of different times, in the first case in Victoria in the 1860s-1880s, and in the second case in the Northern Territory in the 1960s. The analysis indicates that the invariant elements had a continuing influence on perceptions and treatment of Indigenous Australians at least to the referendum of 1967. This thesis establishes, through rigorous analysis based on a robust theoretical and methodological foundation, that identifiable ways of thinking, or invariant elements, have underpinned continuous Indigenous employment disadvantage and help explain this continuing disadvantage. The common explanations of Indigenous disadvantage are also consistent with these invariant elements. The thesis concludes by recommending further research based on the findings of this thesis be conducted to scrutinise policy and practice over the last three to four decades in relation to Indigenous employment. It also emphasises the importance of redefining the problem and finding solutions, tasks which can only be done effectively by Indigenous Australians.
9
Gandhi, Vidhu Built Environment Faculty of Built Environment UNSW. "Aboriginal Australian heritage in the postcolonial city: sites of anti-colonial resistance and continuing presence". Publisher:University of New South Wales. Built Environment, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41460.
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Aboriginal Australian heritage forms a significant and celebrated part of Australian heritage. Set within the institutional frameworks of a predominantly ??white?? European Australian heritage practice, Aboriginal heritage has been promoted as the heritage of a people who belonged to the distant, pre-colonial past and who were an integral and sustainable part of the natural environment. These controlled and carefully packaged meanings of Aboriginal heritage have underwritten aspects of urban Aboriginal presence and history that prevail in the (previously) colonial city. In the midst of the city which seeks to cling to selected images of its colonial past urban Aboriginal heritage emerges as a significant challenge to a largely ??white??, (post)colonial Australian heritage practice. The distinctively Aboriginal sense of anti-colonialism that underlines claims to urban sites of Aboriginal significance unsettles the colonial stereotypes that are associated with Aboriginal heritage and disrupts the ??purity?? of the city by penetrating the stronghold of colonial heritage. However, despite the challenge to the colonising imperatives of heritage practice, the fact that urban Aboriginal heritage continues to be a deeply contested reality indicates that heritage practice has failed to move beyond its predominantly colonial legacy. It knowingly or unwittingly maintains the stronghold of colonial heritage in the city by selectively and often with reluctance, recognising a few sites of contested Aboriginal heritage such as the Old Swan Brewery and Bennett House in Perth. Furthermore, the listing of these sites according to very narrow and largely Eurocentric perceptions of Aboriginal heritage makes it quite difficult for other sites which fall outside these considerations to be included as part of the urban built environment. Importantly this thesis demonstrates that it is most often in the case of Aboriginal sites of political resistance such as The Block in Redfern, the Aboriginal Tent Embassy in Canberra and Australian Hall in Sydney, that heritage practice tends to maintain its hegemony as these sites are a reminder of the continuing disenfranchised condition of Aboriginal peoples, in a nation which considers itself to be postcolonial.
10
Verinakis, Theofanis Costas Dino. "Barbaric sovereignty states of emergency and their colonial legacies /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3307699.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 24, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 244-261).
11
Allbrook, Malcolm. "'Imperial Family': The Prinseps, Empire and Colonial Government in India and Australia". Thesis, Griffith University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366264.
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On February 13th 2008, newly elected Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd stood before the House of Representatives to move that Parliament apologise to the '‘stolen generations'’, the colloquial term for Aboriginal people from all parts of the country who as children had been forcibly removed from their homes and families and placed in state-run institutions or missions. Rudd'’s motion was one of his earliest acts as Prime Minister and earned widespread support. His predecessor John Howard had vigorously opposed a government apology on the grounds that current generations were not responsible for the policies of the past, and so carried no burden of guilt that warranted an apology...Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Centre for Public Cultures and Ideas
Full Text
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Twigger, Jillian Margaret. "'My own island harp’: Irish sentimental ballads in colonial Australia, 1854–1889". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16799.
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This thesis examines the role of Irish sentimental ballads, especially Thomas Moore’s Irish Melodies, in colonial New South Wales (NSW) and Victoria. First is a study of Irish soprano Catherine Hayes (1818–1861) and her tours to NSW and Victoria in 1854 and 1855. Hayes represented a Victorian-era feminine ideal and her concerts, which included both opera and Irish sentimental ballads, were seen to raise the musical standard in Australia. The second study examines a series of public lectures on the subject of ancient Irish music delivered by Irish lawyer John Hubert Plunkett (1802–1869), previously attorney general of NSW. The third is a study of The Australian Album for 1857. This musical album was published in Sydney and was designed to serve as a specimen of the high standard of music in Australia at the time. The album opens with a piano fantasia composed by visiting French pianist Edouard Boulanger (1829–1863) based on ‘The Last Rose of Summer,’ one of Moore’s Irish Melodies. Fourth and last is a study of the Thomas Moore statue erected in Ballarat, Victoria, in 1889. The design of the statue and its unveiling conveyed a notion of unity within the white community and feelings of Australian nationalism. Through these studies I argue that Irish ballads played an important role in creating a respectable cultural identity not just for the Irish community but for the developing Australian society as well.
13
Wolter, Michael. "Sound and fury in colonial Australia: the search for the convict voice, 1800-1840". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/11682.
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This thesis uses an aural analysis of penal-era Australia to enliven, and unsettle, discussion of convict subjectivity within penal-era historiography. The ‘search for the convict voice’, the quest to discover something of the inner-lives of figures that have transfixed Australians for generations, is expanded as well as complicated by an analysis of the sounds of penal life. By reimagining the soundscapes of penal society as complex conglomerations of sounds and noises, voices, conversations, screams, grunts, groans and silences, this thesis enlarges our conception of what a convict voice is, and where best to search for its most genuine expression. The convict voices that form this thesis are part of the story of Australia’s penal, legal and social evolution. As such, they are enduring and permanent, and their legacy can be seen in the development of Australia’s colonial institutions, not in opposition, or contradiction, to such developments. The aim of this thesis is to use aural history to show how convict language and noise, despite the restrictions placed on it by the processes of legal argument, corporal punishment or forced garrulity or silence, was a part of the very fabric of the penal system. The convict voices that emerge from this thesis are forged within, and therefore form an indelible part of, the very processes that created a distinctive Australian society.
14
au, weecalder@iinet net, i Leigh Sandra Beaton. "Westralian Scots: Scottish Settlement and Identity in Western Australia, arrivals 1829-1850". Murdoch University, 2004. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20050602.121220.
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Before the end of 1850, Scottish settlers in Western Australia represented a small minority group of what was, in terms of the European population, a predominantly English colony. By comparison to the eastern Australian colonies, Western Australia attracted the least number of Scottish migrants. This thesis aims to broaden the historiography of Scottish settlement in Australia in the nineteenth century by providing insights into the lives of Westralian Scots.
While this thesis broadly documents Scottish settlement, its main focus is Scottish identity. Utilising techniques of nominal record linkage and close socio-biographical scrutiny, this study looks beyond institutional manifestations of Scottish identity to consider the ways in which Scottishness was maintained in everyday lives through work, social and religious practices. This thesis also demonstrates the multi-layered expressions of national identity by recognising Scottish identity in the Australian colonies as both Scottish and British. The duality of a Scottish and British identity made Scots more willing to identify eventually as Westralian Scots.
15
Schluessel, Eric T. "The Muslim Emperor of China: Everyday Politics in Colonial Xinjiang, 1877-1933". Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493602.
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This dissertation concerns the ways in which a Chinese civilizing project intervened powerfully in cultural and social change in the Muslim-majority region of Xinjiang from the 1870s through the 1930s. I demonstrate that the efforts of officials following an ideology of domination and transformation rooted in the Chinese Classics changed the ways that people associated with each other and defined themselves and how Muslims understood their place in history and in global space. Chinese power is central to the history of modern Xinjiang and to the Uyghur people, not only because the Chinese center has dominated the area as a periphery, but because of the ways in which that power intervened in society and culture on the local level.
The processes and ramifications of the Chinese government in late-Qing and early Republican Xinjiang demonstrates strong parallels with colonialism in the context of European empire. This dissertation does not focus on the question of typology, however, but instead draws on methods from colonial history to explore the dynamics of a linguistically and religiously heterogeneous society. In order to do so, I draw on local archival documents in Chinese and Turkic and place them into dialogue with the broader Turkic-language textual record. This dissertation thus proceeds from the inception of the ideology that drove the civilizing project, through its social ramifications, to the innovations that emerged in Islamicate literature and history in Xinjiang in this period.East Asian Languages and Civilizations
16
Bunn, Michelle Leanne. "The Development of Public Sector Audit Independence: The Colonial Experience in Western Australia". Thesis, Curtin University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/54141.
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This thesis connects the histories of public sector audit, Parliament and public administration within a Westminster-based constitutional framework, generating a new narrative description of the development of audit independence. It provides a foundational understanding identifying a precedent for retaining and defending the independent Auditor General as a fundamental requirement in Australia's own constitutional arrangements. The study also contributes to filling substantial gaps in the specific history of the Auditor General’s role in nineteenth-century Western Australia.
17
Elder, Peter. "Charles Lydiard Aubrey Abbott : countryman or colonial governor?" Phd thesis, Northern Territory University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/272368.
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Norris, Rae. "The More Things Change ...: Continuity in Australian Indigenous Employment Disadvantage 1788 - 1967". Thesis, Griffith University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365768.
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The extent of Australian Indigenous employment disadvantage has been quantitatively established by researchers since the 1970s. Indigenous Australians have higher unemployment and lower participation rates, they are occupationally concentrated in low skill, low paid jobs, and their income is significantly lower on average than that of other Australians. The explanations given for this disadvantage largely focus on skills deficit and geographical location of Indigenous people. However these explanations do not stand up to scrutiny. Indigenous employment disadvantage remains irrespective of where Indigenous Australians live or how well they are qualified. Alternative explanations are clearly needed. A clue to the direction of research is given by the same researchers who acknowledge the legacy of history in creating the situation of disadvantage faced by Indigenous Australians. However, to date the nature of this legacy has not been explored. It is this history which is the focus of this thesis. The research questions which the thesis addresses are: 1. Are there identifiable 'invariant elements' which underpin the institutional forms which have regulated the treatment of Indigenous Australians within the economy, particularly in relation to employment, from colonisation until recent times? 2. Do these invariant elements help explain the continuing employment disadvantage of Indigenous Australians? To examine the history of the treatment of Indigenous Australians in relation to employment, four concepts were developed from the regulation school of economic theory and the work of Appadurai. These concepts are econoscape, reguloscape, invariant elements and institutional forms. The notion of 'scape' allows for recognition that when Australia was colonised, there already existed a set of economic arrangements and social and legal system. The conflict between the introduced economy and legal and social systems can be conceived as a conflict between two econoscapes and reguloscapes. Analysis of the econoscape and reguloscape from international, national and Indigenous perspectives for the period from colonisation to 1850 has enabled the identification of 'invariant elements' which describe the ways of thinking about Aborigines brought to the Australian colonies and adapted to the realities of the Australian situation. The four invariant elements identified are summarised as belief in 1) Aboriginal inferiority; 2) Aboriginal laziness, incapacity and irresponsibility; 3) the need for white intervention in Aboriginal lives; and 4) disregard for Aboriginal understandings, values and choices. The fourth invariant element is conceptualised as the foundation on which basis the other three developed and were able to be perpetuated. Analysis of the laws pertaining to Aborigines promulgated between 1850 and the 1960s in four jurisdictions shows that the same invariant elements influenced the nature of the institutional forms used to limit the freedom of movement and of employment of Indigenous Australians. Although during the period from the 1850s to the 1960s there was ostensibly a change in policy from one of protection to one of assimilation of Indigenous Australians, in fact little changed in terms of perceptions of Aborigines or in the institutional forms which, by the 1920s in all jurisdictions surveyed, controlled every aspect of their lives. Confirmation of the influence of the invariant elements was sought through closer study of two particular cases from the beginning and end of the above time period. These case studies involved examination of the institutional forms within the context of the econoscape and reguloscape of different times, in the first case in Victoria in the 1860s-1880s, and in the second case in the Northern Territory in the 1960s. The analysis indicates that the invariant elements had a continuing influence on perceptions and treatment of Indigenous Australians at least to the referendum of 1967. This thesis establishes, through rigorous analysis based on a robust theoretical and methodological foundation, that identifiable ways of thinking, or invariant elements, have underpinned continuous Indigenous employment disadvantage and help explain this continuing disadvantage. The common explanations of Indigenous disadvantage are also consistent with these invariant elements. The thesis concludes by recommending further research based on the findings of this thesis be conducted to scrutinise policy and practice over the last three to four decades in relation to Indigenous employment. It also emphasises the importance of redefining the problem and finding solutions, tasks which can only be done effectively by Indigenous Australians.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Griffith Business School
Full Text
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McMaster, Sarah. "Taking fire, making fire : settler colonial understandings of Aboriginal fire practices in Victoria, Australia". Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2019. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/185879.
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In the State of Victoria, Australia, fire has a political dimension that is as vigorous and enduring as its physical presence. This thesis argues that in Victoria, European explorers and settler colonists persistently treated and depicted Aboriginal fire skills and practices in ways that were politically advantageous to themselves, and disadvantageous to Aboriginal peoples. Drawing from nineteenth century diaries, letters, recollections, newspaper articles and official records, this work uses Foucauldian theories to analyse the discourses that shaped and made possible the newcomers’ understandings of Aboriginal fire practices. It argues that explorers and settler colonists sought to replace Aboriginal peoples as Victoria’s fire managers and to restrict the opportunities Aboriginal peoples had to determine burning regimes. They did this physically, by prohibiting, and limiting attempts by Aboriginal peoples to continue precolonial fire practices. They also did it discursively, creating knowledge which constituted the practices as antiquated and incompatible with colonial enterprises, and by forming their own identity as expert settler Victorians, legitimately at home on the land. This thesis stresses that relationships of power between Aboriginal and European peoples were multidimensional and argues that in maintaining a position of dominance, the newcomers variously appropriated, emulated, feared and revered Aboriginal fire practices. It further argues that these efforts to disturb Aboriginal peoples using fire were fuelled only partially by the settler colonial perceptions that Aboriginal-managed fires presented unacceptable physical risks to humans and their assets. Efforts to disturb existing practices were additionally prompted by the newcomers’ political need to effect their seizure of territory, by demonstrating that it was they, not Aboriginal peoples, who controlled fire in Victoria. Drawing from settler colonial theory about the enduring nature of colonising structures and discourse, this thesis suggests that caution is needed to ensure the state’s contemporary use of Aboriginal fire practices does not further perpetuate settler colonial patterns of dominance and control.Doctor of Philosophy
20
Bush, Fiona. "The convicts' contribution to the built environment of colonial Western Australia between 1850-1880". Thesis, Curtin University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/517.
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Western Australia was founded as Australia’s first free colony in June 1829. The colony was not as successful as those in eastern Australia, and many of the settlers argued that the poor progress was due in part to a shortage of labourers. By 1849 the colonists had decided that their only way forward was to become a penal colony and the first ship arrived in June 1850 carrying 75 convicts.The thesis explores the impact that convicts had on the built environment of Western Australia. To understand the convicts’ contribution to the building industry this thesis begins with a study of buildings constructed before 1850. Extensive research was undertaken into the types of buildings erected by the settlers between 1829 and 1850: such as the types of materials used, the design and who actually constructed the buildings. The study found that before the arrival of the convicts the colony had a shortage of men with skills in the building trade. One of the major factors that enabled the convicts to contribute to the development of the colony’s building industry was vocational training, in areas such as bricklaying, brickmaking, carpentry and masonry that they obtained during their incarceration in public works prisons in Britain.This training was provided by the British government before the convicts were transported to a penal colony, as part of a new system of penal discipline. Following their arrival in Western Australia, soldiers of the Royal Engineers continued the convicts’ training on public works projects in the colony.This thesis expands our knowledge of how the convict system operated in Western Australia, especially how it differed from that used in Australia’s eastern colonies. It highlights the integral part that the Royal Engineers had in the convicts’ training, a role not previously investigated. The examination of how ticket--‐of--‐leave men (convicts out on parole) were utilised by private settlers indicated that there were considerable flow--‐on effects for the private citizen, not just for public projects. In particular, the research has shown that the skills gained by the convicts while erecting government colonial buildings were of direct benefit to the settlers. One important and far--‐reaching benefit was the substitution of brick for rammed earth or wattle and daub.Finally, the thesis used an archaeological methodology to analyse and compare two groups of buildings; those constructed before 1850 and those constructed after 1850. This use of archaeological methods to analyse standing structures is considerably under--‐utilized in Western Australia.
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Gardiner, Amanda. "Sex, death and desperation: Infanticide, neonaticide and concealment of birth in colonial Western Australia". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2014. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1907.
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Eluwawalage, Damayanthie. "History of costume : the consumption, governance, potency and patronage of attire in colonial Western Australia". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2004. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/830.
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This dissertation represents a new' departure in the study of dress in colonial Western Australia, focusing on the rationale behind individual and collective clothing practices in the new society. As a study of significant social and cultural practices, rather than an account of fashion, this research contributes to the understanding of previously disregarded elements in colonial Western Australian ethno-economic and social histories. The study investigates the internal and external influences which impacted upon colonial inhabitants' ways of dressing, their societal attitudes and social demeanour. The research compares the influences on attire and finery in colonial Western Australian society with the British/European context. This thesis examines the influences caused by world-wide dominant events, ideas and social groups, and their effect on societal and cultural attitudes in the colony. The thesis examines clothing as a symbolic indicator of status which influenced the class distinction in colonial Western Australian society. Also the function of dress as it relates to class consciousness and identification. The research focuses on the ambiguities associated with colonial clothing and the way in which social class and status were negotiated through wearing apparel in the colony. This thesis examines colonial Western Australian fashion and attire in the context of social stratification, social conditions, power relations and cultural formation, in order to comprehend sartorial consumerism and social practise in the colony. Fashion's ultimate function of signifying power and prestige, which linked with financial capability, and its impact on society and societal practise, is significant. The research examines the affiliation between colonial clothing and the economic growth of Western Australia in the context of the development of the colonial clothing economy and the influence of affluent colonists and traders who controlled the clothing behaviour in the colony. One of the primary purposes of this study is to examine the meanings encoded in colonial dress and adornment. The function of clothing and its adornment was often used for more than its utilitarian purpose. For example, the analysis of gender in clothing reflects the sociological differences and the power relations between sexes. In that context, the dissertation discusses colonial attire as an aesthetic experience, as well as a social and cultural expression of the period by examining Veblen’s Leisure Theory and Simmel’s Trickle-down Theory. Colonial characteristics such as different societal and climatic conditions as well as the way of life brought about a society dissimilar to that in Britain but symbolic to its colonialism. This research investigates the unique social and cultural qualities which applied in the colony and which resulted in a tendency towards distinctive dress codes in early Western Australia. This study explores the consumption governance, potency and patronage of attire in colonial Western Australia within the context of social, socio-economic and fashion philosophies.
23
Torney, Kim Lynette. "From 'babes in the wood' to 'bush-lost babies' : the development of an Australian image /". Connect to thesis, 2002. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/1543.
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In this thesis I argue that the image of a child lost in the bush became a central strand in the Australian colonial experience, creating a cultural legacy that remains to this day. I also argue that the way in which the image developed in Australia was unique among British-colonised societies. I explore the dominant themes of my thesis - the nature of childhood, the effect of environment upon colonisers, and the power of memory - primarily through stories. The bush-lost child is an image that developed mainly in the realms of ‘low’ culture, in popular journals, newspapers, stories and images including films, although it has been represented in such ‘high’ cultural forms as novels, art and opera. I have concentrated on the main forms of its representations because it is through these that the image achieves its longevity. (For complete abstract open document)
24
Laidlaw, Zoe. "Networks, patronage and information in colonial governance : Britain, New South Wales and the Cape Colony, 1826-1843". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365506.
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Hunter, Ann Patricia. "A different kind of 'subject' : Aboriginal legal status and colonial law in Western Australia, 1829-1861 /". Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070427.125700.
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au, Ahunter@echidna id, i Ann Patricia Hunter. "A different kind of subject: Aboriginal legal status and colonial law in Western Australia, 1829 -1861". Murdoch University, 2007. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070427.125700.
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A different kind of subject: Aboriginal legal status and colonial law
in Western Australia, 1829-1861.
This thesis is an examination of the nature and application of the policy regarding the
legal status and rights of Aboriginal people in Western Australia from 1829 to 1861. It
describes the extent of the debates and the role of British law that arose after conflict
between Aboriginal people and settlers in the context of political and economic contests
between settlers and government on land issues. While the British government
continually maintained that the legal basis for annexation was settlement, by the mid
1830s Stirling regarded it as an invasion, but was neither prepared to accept that
Aboriginal people had to consent to the imposition of British law upon them, nor to
formally recognise their rights as the original owners of the land. Instead, Stirlings
government applied an archaic form of outlawry to Aboriginal people who resisted the
invasion. This was despite proposals for agreements in the 1830s.
During the early 1840s there was a temporary legal pluralism in Western Australia
where Indigenous laws were officially recognised. However, by the mid 1840s the
administration of British law in Western Australia was increasingly dictated by settler
interests and mounting settler-magistrate pressure to modify the legal position of
Aboriginal people which resulted in the development of colonial law to construct a
landless subject status with minimal rights based on their value as a useful labour force
for the pastoral economy. This separate legal status deliberately departed from
equality principles and corresponded with the diminished status of Indigenous laws
and the abandonment of legal pluralism in settled districts, during a period of rapid
pastoral expansion in the 1850s. This entrenched discriminatory practice in colonial law
would be the prelude to the protectionist and discriminatory legislation of the early
twentieth century which formalised inequality of legal status.
27
Marmion, Robert J. "Gibraltar of the south : defending Victoria : an analysis of colonial defence in Victoria, Australia, 1851-1901 /". Connect to thesis, 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/4851.
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During the nineteenth century, defence was a major issue in Victoria and Australia, as indeed it was in other British colonies and the United Kingdom. Considerable pressure was brought to bear by London on the self-governing colonies to help provide for their own defence against internal unrest and also possible invasions or incursions by nations such as France, Russia and the United States.From 1851 until defence was handed over to the new Australian Commonwealth at Federation in 1901, the Victorian colonial government spent considerable energy and money fortifying parts of Port Phillip Bay and the western coastline as well as developing the first colonial navy within the British Empire. Citizens were invited to form volunteer corps in their local areas as a second tier of defence behind the Imperial troops stationed in Victoria. When the garrison of Imperial troops was withdrawn in 1870, these units of amateur citizen soldiers formed the basis of the colony’s defence force. Following years of indecision, ineptitude and ad hoc defence planning that had left the colony virtually defenceless, in 1883 Victoria finally adopted a professional approach to defending the colony. The new scheme of defence allowed for a complete re-organisation of not only the colony’s existing naval and military forces, but also the command structure and supporting services. For the first time an integrated defence scheme was established that co-ordinated the fixed defences (forts, batteries minefields) with the land and naval forces. Other original and unique aspects of the scheme included the appointment of the first Minister of Defence in the Australian colonies and the first colonial Council of Defence to oversee the joint defence program. All of this was achieved under the guidance of Imperial advisors who sought to integrate the colony’s defences into the wider Imperial context.
This thesis seeks to analyse Victoria’s colonial defence scheme on a number of levels – firstly, the nature of the final defence scheme that was finally adopted in 1883 after years of vacillation, secondly, the effectiveness of the scheme in defending Victoria, thirdly, how the scheme linked to the greater Australasian and Imperial defence, and finally the political, economic, social and technological factors that shaped defence in Victoria during the second half of the nineteenth century.
28
Hunter, Anne Patricia. "A different kind of 'subject:' Aboriginal legal status and colonial law in Western Australia, 1829 -1861". Hunter, Anne Patricia (2007) A different kind of 'subject:' Aboriginal legal status and colonial law in Western Australia, 1829 -1861. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2007. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/732/.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
A different kind of ‘subject:’ Aboriginal legal status and colonial law in Western Australia, 1829-1861. This thesis is an examination of the nature and application of the policy regarding the legal status and rights of Aboriginal people in Western Australia from 1829 to 1861. It describes the extent of the debates and the role of British law that arose after conflict between Aboriginal people and settlers in the context of political and economic contests between settlers and government on land issues. While the British government continually maintained that the legal basis for annexation was settlement, by the mid 1830s Stirling regarded it as an ‘invasion,’ but was neither prepared to accept that Aboriginal people had to consent to the imposition of British law upon them, nor to formally recognise their rights as the original owners of the land. Instead, Stirling’s government applied an archaic form of outlawry to Aboriginal people who resisted the invasion. This was despite proposals for agreements in the 1830s.
During the early 1840s there was a temporary legal pluralism in Western Australia where Indigenous laws were officially recognised. However, by the mid 1840s the administration of British law in Western Australia was increasingly dictated by settler interests and mounting settler-magistrate pressure to modify the legal position of Aboriginal people which resulted in the development of colonial law to construct a landless subject status with minimal rights based on their value as a useful labour force for the pastoral economy. This separate legal status deliberately departed from ‘equality’ principles and corresponded with the diminished status of Indigenous laws and the abandonment of legal pluralism in settled districts, during a period of rapid pastoral expansion in the 1850s. This entrenched discriminatory practice in colonial law would be the prelude to the ‘protectionist’ and discriminatory legislation of the early twentieth century which formalised inequality of legal status.
29
Hunter, Ann Patricia. "A different kind of 'subject:' Aboriginal legal status and colonial law in Western Australia, 1829 -1861". Thesis, Hunter, Ann Patricia (2007) A different kind of 'subject:' Aboriginal legal status and colonial law in Western Australia, 1829 -1861. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2007. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/732/.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
A different kind of ‘subject:’ Aboriginal legal status and colonial law in Western Australia, 1829-1861. This thesis is an examination of the nature and application of the policy regarding the legal status and rights of Aboriginal people in Western Australia from 1829 to 1861. It describes the extent of the debates and the role of British law that arose after conflict between Aboriginal people and settlers in the context of political and economic contests between settlers and government on land issues. While the British government continually maintained that the legal basis for annexation was settlement, by the mid 1830s Stirling regarded it as an ‘invasion,’ but was neither prepared to accept that Aboriginal people had to consent to the imposition of British law upon them, nor to formally recognise their rights as the original owners of the land. Instead, Stirling’s government applied an archaic form of outlawry to Aboriginal people who resisted the invasion. This was despite proposals for agreements in the 1830s.
During the early 1840s there was a temporary legal pluralism in Western Australia where Indigenous laws were officially recognised. However, by the mid 1840s the administration of British law in Western Australia was increasingly dictated by settler interests and mounting settler-magistrate pressure to modify the legal position of Aboriginal people which resulted in the development of colonial law to construct a landless subject status with minimal rights based on their value as a useful labour force for the pastoral economy. This separate legal status deliberately departed from ‘equality’ principles and corresponded with the diminished status of Indigenous laws and the abandonment of legal pluralism in settled districts, during a period of rapid pastoral expansion in the 1850s. This entrenched discriminatory practice in colonial law would be the prelude to the ‘protectionist’ and discriminatory legislation of the early twentieth century which formalised inequality of legal status.
30
Gourley, Susan. "Rethinking the Relationship with Nature in Contemporary Australia: Salvaged Materials, Colonial History, and Cross-Cultural Narratives". Thesis, Griffith University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/387299.
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This doctoral project analyses Eurocentric and anthropocentric ideologies about nature, tracing them back to the eighteenth century invasion and colonisation of Australia. This research informs my series of unmonumental sculptural objects that address environmental issues and concerns in Australia. In these works, I explore the power of the visual metaphor offered by salvaged materials (what some might call ‘rubbish’, a term I unpack), utilising two contrasting techniques. The first involves incorporating the qualities of trompe l'oeil, which I use as a form of mimetic critique. The second involves drawing upon a junk aesthetic that rejects orderly for disorderly, elaborate for informal, whereby I seek to reflect the dynamics of unmonumentality.
As detailed in this exegesis, I have adopted a self-reflexive and interpretative approach, mindful of how I belong to a colonising culture. Drawing on decolonising methodologies, my work aims to question colonial history and to challenge dominant ideologies underpinning white Australian attitudes and practices towards the natural terrain. My purpose is to be open to new ways of thinking about the connection to land and self, initiated through the theoretical frameworks of ecological thought and ecofeminism which highlight different narratives and knowledge systems existing within Aboriginal and white Australian culture. I ask how can objects created from salvaged materials question colonial history, challenge dominant ideologies, and engage with cross-cultural narratives, enabling us to rethink the relationship with nature in contemporary Australia?Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Visual Arts (DVA)
Queensland College of Art
Arts, Education and Law
Full Text
31
Bartlett, William Bennett. "Origins of Persisting Poor Aboriginal Health: An Historical Exploration of Poor Aboriginal Health and the Continuity of the Colonial Relationship as an Explanation of the Persistence of Poor Aboriginal Health". University of Sydney, Public Health & Community Medicine, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/386.
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The thesis examines the history of Central Australia and specifically the development of health services in the Northern Territory. The continuing colonial realtionships between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australia are explored as a reason for the peristence of poor Aboriginal health status, including the cycle of vself destructive behaviours. It rovides an explanation of the importance of community agency to address community problems, and the potential of community controlled ABoriginal health services as vehicles for such community action.
32
Herbert, Elanna, i n/a. "Hannah�s Place: a neo historical fiction (Exegesis component of a creative doctoral thesis in Communication)". University of Canberra. Communication Media & Culture Studies, 2005. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20070122.150626.
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The creative component of my doctoral thesis articulates narratives of female
experience in Colonial Australia. The work re-contextualises and re-narrativises
accounts of events which occurred in particular women�s lives, and which were
reported in nineteenth century newspapers. The female characters within my novel are
illiterate and from the lower classes. Unlike middle-class women who wrote letters
and kept journals, women such as these did not and could not leave us their stories.
The newspaper accounts in which their stories initially appeared reflected patriarchal
(and) class ideologies, and represented the women as the �other�. However, it is by
these same textual artefacts that we come to know of their existence.
The multi-layered novel I have written juxtaposes archival pre-texts (or intertexts)
against fictional re-narrativisations of the same events. One reason for the use of this
style is in order to challenge the past positioning of silenced women. My female
characters� first textual iterations, those documents which now form our archival
records, were written from a position of hegemonic patriarchy. Their first textual
iteration were the record of female existence recorded by others. The original voices
of the fictionalised female characters of my novel are heard as an absence and the
intertext, as well as the fiction, now stands as a trace of what once existed as women�s
lived, performative experience.
My contention is that by making use of concepts such as historiographic metafiction,
transworld identities, and sideshadowing; along with narrative structures such as
juxtaposition, collage and the use of intertext and footnotes, a richer, multidimensional
and non-linear view of female colonial experience can be achieved. And
it will be one which departs from that hegemonically imposed by patriarchy. It is the
reader who becomes the meaning maker of �truth� within historical narration.
My novel sits within the theoretical framework of postmodern literature as a variant
on a new form of the genre that has been termed �historical fiction�. However, it
departs from traditional historical fiction in that it foregrounds not only an imagined
fictional past world created when the novel is read, but also the actual archival
documents, the pieces of text from the past which in other instances and perhaps put
together to form a larger whole, might be used to make traditional history. These
pieces of text were the initial finds from the historical research undertaken for my
novel. These fragments of text are used within the work as intertextual elements
which frame, narratively interrupt, add to or act as footnotes and in turn, are
themselves framed by my female characters� self narrated stories. These introduced
textual elements, here foregrounded, are those things most often hidden from view
within the mimetic and hermeneutic worlds of traditional historical fiction. It is also
with these intertextual elements that the fictional women engage in dialogue. At the
same time, my transworld characters� existence as fiction are reinforced by their
existence as �objects� (of narration) within the archival texts. Both the archival texts
and the fiction are now seen as having the potential to be unreliable.
My thesis suggests that in seeking to gain a clearer understanding of these events and
the narrative of these particular marginalised colonial women�s lives, a new way of
engaging with history and writing historical fiction is called for. I have undertaken this
through creative fiction which makes use of concepts such as transworld identity, as
defined by Umberto Eco and also by Brian McHale, historiographic metafiction, as
defined by Linda Hutcheon and the concept of sideshadowing which, as suggested by
Gary Saul Morson and Michael Andr� Bernstein, opens a space for multiple historical
narratives.
The novel plays with the idea of both historical facts and historical fiction. By giving
textual equality to the two the border between what can be considered as historical
fact and historical fiction becomes blurred. This is one way in which a type of textual
agency can be brought to those silenced groups from Australia�s past. By juxtaposing
parts of the initial textual account of these events alongside, or footnoted below, the
fiction which originated from them, I create a female narrative of �new writing�
through which parts of the old texts, voiced from a male perspective, can still be read.
The resulting, multi-layered narrative becomes a collage of text, voice and meaning
thus enacting Mikhail Bakhtin�s idea of heteroglossia.
A reading of my novel insists upon questioning the truthfulness or degree of reliability
of past textual facts as accurate historic records of real women�s life events.
It is this which is at the core of my novel�an historiographic metafictional
challenging by the fictional voices of female transworld identities of what had been
written as an historical, legitimate account of the past. This self-reflexive style of
historical fiction makes for a better construct of a multi-dimensional, non-linear view
of female colonial experience.
33
Bartlett, William Bennett. "Origins of Persisting Poor Aboriginal Health: An Historical Exploration of Poor Aboriginal Health and the Continuity of the Colonial Relationship as an Explanation of the Persistence of Poor Aboriginal Health". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/386.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The thesis examines the history of Central Australia and specifically the development of health services in the Northern Territory. The continuing colonial realtionships between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australia are explored as a reason for the peristence of poor Aboriginal health status, including the cycle of vself destructive behaviours. It rovides an explanation of the importance of community agency to address community problems, and the potential of community controlled ABoriginal health services as vehicles for such community action.
34
Lampkin, Veronica. "Mining the Archive: An Historical Study of Madame Weigel’s Paper Patterns and Their Relationship to the Fashion and Clothing Needs of Colonial Australasia during the Period 1877 to 1910". Thesis, Griffith University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366083.
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This thesis focused on the use of paper patterns for home dressmaking in colonial Australasia, and the pioneer of paper pattern manufacturing, Madame Weigel. Her pattern series, catalogue, and fashion journal were examined, and an investigative approach taken to deconstruct this archive. This established an evidential data set of paper patterns for the period from 1878 to 1910, providing an important new resource for the identification and dating of extant fashion and clothing artefacts from late nineteenth century Australasia. Using mainly primary resources, comparisons were drawn between Madame Weigel’s patterns and those produced by overseas manufacturers. As Madame Weigel drew on her own international background, she passed such influences on to her Australasian customers through her patterns and travelogues, published in her journal. Madame Weigel’s transnational experience, it is argued, influenced her publications, in turn disseminating the global view of fashion to her customers. Madame Weigel’s adaptive strategies were argued as necessarily derivative of overseas trends and influences. Within the global context of transnational fashion trends, Madame Weigel’s empathy with her antipodean location was apparent. The asynchronicity of the antipodean calendar, climate, and seasons was fundamental to her work, set in a time when adaptation was resisted and northern hemisphere influences still strong. Results showed that Weigel’s pattern series supported both high fashion garments and everyday clothing. Even though women were found to be sewing primarily for themselves and their daughters during this period, Madame Weigel’s pattern range was inclusive of all family members across the lifecycle. New, empirical sizing information revealed how women’s patterns increased in size over seven decades. A mixed method approach drew on material culture, everyday history, and transnational studies to investigate the context and meaning of Madame Weigel’s business and impact.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Queensland College of Art
Arts, Education and Law
Full Text
35
Robertson, Robert Philip. "Ghostwriting Hong Kong : post-colonial documentary and the western tradition /". Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20007450.
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Swann, Jill Schramm Alexander Berkeley Martha Hill Charles. "The Berkeley, Hill and Gilbert families : images of childhood and domesticity in colonial South Australia (1836-1870) /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09arms972.pdf.
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Spillman, Ken. "A matter of priorities: Colonial politics and the administration of development policies in Western Australia 1883-1902". Thesis, Spillman, Ken (1995) A matter of priorities: Colonial politics and the administration of development policies in Western Australia 1883-1902. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1995. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/53022/.
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The decade after 1890 is often seen to be a critical period in Western Australian history, with the inauguration of responsible government and the gold rushes complementary forces of change. The nature of change, however, was not self-determining but was shaped by government policy. Legislation, regulation and the organisation of government were adapted not only to reflect economic change but to express political aspirations.
This thesis sets 1890s policy in relation to agriculture and gold mining, which emerged as Western Australia's most important industries, against the background of the preceding sixty years. Settlement at the Swan River had been premised on an assessment that land in the vicinity was suitable for close agricultural settlement. Although this assessment had been flawed, colonial land policies continued to enshrine agrarian ideals. The equation of cultivation with civilisation militated against the encouragement of alternative land uses, and economic development fell short of official and popular aspirations.
As Commissioner of Crown Lands in the seven years before the proclamation of responsible government, John Forrest was responsible for a reaffirmation of the colonising faith. Success in the 1890 election derived from his advocacy of loans-funded development policies and vision of an agricultural future, and gave him a clear mandate to increase the level of government intervention in the economy. Forrest remained Premier and Treasurer until Federation in 1901.
The gold industry dominated economic affairs during the 1890s, but the thesis contends that government development priorities remained fundamentally unchanged. Agricultural interests remained paramount, and were promoted by aggressive land settlement legislation and escalating state aid. By contrast, mining experienced autonomous growth with government adopting a facilitative role. Forrest's proactive agricultural policy and reactive mining policy were major determinants of the economic order in Western Australia in the early twentieth century.
38
McIntyre, J. A. "A 'civilized' drink and a 'civilizing' industry wine growing and cultural imagining in colonial New South Wales /". Connect to full text, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5763.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2009.Title from title screen (viewed December 9, 2009) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of History, Faculty of Arts. Degree awarded 2009; thesis submitted 2008. Includes bibliographical references and appendices. Also available in print form.
39
Anson, Timothy James. "The bioarchaeology of the St. Mary's free ground burials : reconstruction of colonial South Australian lifeways /". Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha622.pdf.
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Reid, Patricia Mary, i n/a. "Whiteness as Goodness: White Women in PNG & Australia, 1960's to the Present". Griffith University. School of Arts, Media and Culture, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070130.140518.
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In this thesis I examine the contemporary nexus between White women and the raced and classed institution of White womanhood. More specifically, I focus on White Australian women who are middle class, rich in cultural capital, and generally consider themselves to be progressive; that is race privileged women but women who are not usually associated with overt racism. My analysis unfolds White Australian women in the discursive context of the ideologies of feminism and feminist-influenced anti-racist politics, as well as the ideologies of femininity. The thesis shows how this nexus is enacted through a vision of White women as Good as expressed in the political commitments, mentalities, relationships, narratives and corporeality of such women. The research problem that I identified and worked through in the thesis is as follows: for middle class White women, (who can be seen and see themselves as generic 'women'), Whiteness has been seen and played out as Goodness. Further, in the playing out of this Goodness White women accumulate and defend the prestige and privileges of Whiteness. Specifically, I argue that Whiteness is reproduced in some of the discourses and practices of White feminism, by the progressive White women involved in anti-racist politics, and in the femininity industry and the ways it is taken up. The nub of the problem I identify is that White women's involvement in the structures and narratives that support Whiteness is often grounded in the very qualities of character and conduct that emerge from the colonial and class-constructed ideal of White womanhood and which have historically distinguished them from denigrated others. These qualities- notably virtue, innocence and self-restraint- whilst differently nuanced in other contexts are an ongoing expression of the uses made of White womanhood as the visible sign of race and class superiority. The work examines four key periods: the Australian colony of PNG during the decolonising 1960's and 1970's; the high years of 1970's and 1980's feminism; the race debates of the 1990's; and the bodily practices of present day White women gripped by fears of fat and aging. I explore the ways in which White women's Whiteness is played out in benevolent Black/White relationships, the over-reach of difference feminism, particular kinds of anti-racist identities and activism, and body-improvement practices. In all these cultural sites, White women's Whiteness is often represented as a kind of moral being and deployed as moral authority in ways that are consonant with the raced and classed construction of White women as moral texts. My research approach was determined by the research problem I identified. Given my argument that White women mis-recognise Whiteness as Goodness in a race-structured society, then the collecting of data through interviews or surveys would have yielded material subject to this blindness. Instead, I explored sites and material where moral claims were being pressed, and case studies where 'women' were enacting themselves or being represented or interpellated as moral texts. My selection of primary source material ranges from feminist newsletters, women's and other magazines, literature, film, event programs and flyers, radio and television broadcasts, newspapers and websites, as well as reflections on my own experiences. Secondary source material includes feminist theoretical texts as well as texts drawn from a range of other disciplines, and other historical background materials. I lay out and support my arguments using a technique not dissimilar to collage, aiming to construct a picture that is compelling in its detail as well as coherent in its overall effect. This thesis is a contribution to the de-naturalisation of Whiteness. Navigating a course between the opposing hazards of essentialising Whiteness and understating its effects in contemporary Australian society, I have brought into clearer view some of the strategies which maintain the authority of Whiteness.
41
Reid, Patricia Mary. "Whiteness as Goodness: White Women in PNG & Australia, 1960's to the Present". Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365505.
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In this thesis I examine the contemporary nexus between White women and the raced and classed institution of White womanhood. More specifically, I focus on White Australian women who are middle class, rich in cultural capital, and generally consider themselves to be progressive; that is race privileged women but women who are not usually associated with overt racism. My analysis unfolds White Australian women in the discursive context of the ideologies of feminism and feminist-influenced anti-racist politics, as well as the ideologies of femininity. The thesis shows how this nexus is enacted through a vision of White women as Good as expressed in the political commitments, mentalities, relationships, narratives and corporeality of such women. The research problem that I identified and worked through in the thesis is as follows: for middle class White women, (who can be seen and see themselves as generic 'women'), Whiteness has been seen and played out as Goodness. Further, in the playing out of this Goodness White women accumulate and defend the prestige and privileges of Whiteness. Specifically, I argue that Whiteness is reproduced in some of the discourses and practices of White feminism, by the progressive White women involved in anti-racist politics, and in the femininity industry and the ways it is taken up. The nub of the problem I identify is that White women's involvement in the structures and narratives that support Whiteness is often grounded in the very qualities of character and conduct that emerge from the colonial and class-constructed ideal of White womanhood and which have historically distinguished them from denigrated others. These qualities- notably virtue, innocence and self-restraint- whilst differently nuanced in other contexts are an ongoing expression of the uses made of White womanhood as the visible sign of race and class superiority. The work examines four key periods: the Australian colony of PNG during the decolonising 1960's and 1970's; the high years of 1970's and 1980's feminism; the race debates of the 1990's; and the bodily practices of present day White women gripped by fears of fat and aging. I explore the ways in which White women's Whiteness is played out in benevolent Black/White relationships, the over-reach of difference feminism, particular kinds of anti-racist identities and activism, and body-improvement practices. In all these cultural sites, White women's Whiteness is often represented as a kind of moral being and deployed as moral authority in ways that are consonant with the raced and classed construction of White women as moral texts. My research approach was determined by the research problem I identified. Given my argument that White women mis-recognise Whiteness as Goodness in a race-structured society, then the collecting of data through interviews or surveys would have yielded material subject to this blindness. Instead, I explored sites and material where moral claims were being pressed, and case studies where 'women' were enacting themselves or being represented or interpellated as moral texts. My selection of primary source material ranges from feminist newsletters, women's and other magazines, literature, film, event programs and flyers, radio and television broadcasts, newspapers and websites, as well as reflections on my own experiences. Secondary source material includes feminist theoretical texts as well as texts drawn from a range of other disciplines, and other historical background materials. I lay out and support my arguments using a technique not dissimilar to collage, aiming to construct a picture that is compelling in its detail as well as coherent in its overall effect. This thesis is a contribution to the de-naturalisation of Whiteness. Navigating a course between the opposing hazards of essentialising Whiteness and understating its effects in contemporary Australian society, I have brought into clearer view some of the strategies which maintain the authority of Whiteness.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Arts, Media and Culture
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van, Gent Celeste. "Edmund Blacket, Medievalism and the Gothic in the Colony". Thesis, Department of History, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/24948.
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Edmund Blacket (1817-83) was an English-born Gothic Revival architect. This thesis uses the
critical framework of medievalism to identify the function of multiple timeframes, real and
imagined, within the Gothic style. It traces Blacket’s youth sketching Gothic ruins in the Yorkshire
countryside, his construction of quintessentially English churches in the Colony of New South
Wales, and his grand designs for the University of Sydney’s first buildings. This journey shows how
Blacket’s use of the Gothic style spoke at once to a romanticised medieval past and the fragmented
colonial present, as well as anticipating the Colony’s future.
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McManus, Stuart Michael. "The Global Lettered City: Humanism and Empire in Colonial Latin America and the Early Modern World". Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493519.
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Historians have long recognized the symbiotic relationship between learned culture, urban life and Iberian expansion in the creation of “Latin” America out of the ruins of pre-Columbian polities, a process described most famously by Ángel Rama in his account of the “lettered city” (ciudad letrada). This dissertation argues that this was part of a larger global process in Latin America, Iberian Asia, Spanish North Africa, British North America and Europe. It is thus a study of the “global lettered city,” known to contemporaries as the “republic of letters,” from its rapid expansion in the sixteenth century to its reordering in the Enlightenment and the Age of Revolutions with a particular focus on the function of its key scholarly-literary practice, classicizing rhetoric and oratory as revived by renaissance humanists.
This dissertation is divided into five chapters. In Chapter 1, I argue that renaissance humanism and classical rhetoric played a pivotal role in shaping and diffusing the political ideology of the global Spanish Monarchy. As the centerpieces of multisensory Baroque rituals regularly celebrated in urban centers, such as Mexico City, Lima, and Manila, classicizing orations and sermons bolstered the Spanish Monarchy through appeals to Greco-Roman imperial models and Christian humanist ideas of virtue. In the same vein, in Chapter Two, I argue that classical rhetoric was an instrument of global spiritual conquest on the Jesuit route from Rome to Japan.
This dissertation then treats some less well-known applications of humanism and the classical rhetorical tradition, cultural practices that also served to undermine or even directly oppose European imperial ambitions. In Chapter 3, I examine the role of late-humanist eloquence and erudition in the expression of a local “Mexican” identity. In Chapter 4, I show that late-humanism served to build community in Benjamin Franklin’s quarter of the “global lettered city.” Finally, in Chapter 5, I examine the role of post-humanist classicizing rhetoric in the articulation of radical political and social ideas in Age of Revolutions. In preparing this global history, I have examined primary sources in thirteen countries.History
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Ujma, Susan. "A comparative study of indigenous people's and early European settlers' usage of three Perth wetlands, Western Australia, 1829-1939". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2012. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/547.
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This study takes as its focus the contrasting manner in which the Nyoongar indigenous people and the early European settlers utilised three wetland environments in southwest Australia over the century between 1829 and 1939. The thesis offers both an ecological and a landscape perspective to changes in the wetlands of Herdsman Lake, Lake Joondalup and Loch McNess. The chain of interconnecting linear lakes provides some of the largest permanent sources of fresh water masses on the Swan Coastal Plain. This thesis acknowledges the importance of the wetland system to the Nyoongar indigenous people.
The aim of this research is to interpret the human intervention into the wetland ecosystems by using a methodology that combines cultural landscape, historical and biophysical concepts as guiding themes. Assisted by historical maps and field observations, this study offers an ecological perspective on the wetlands, depicting changes in the human footprint on its landscape, and mapping the changes since the indigenous people’s sustainable ecology and guardianship were removed. These data can be used and compared with current information to gain insights into how and why modification to these wetlands occurred.
An emphasis is on the impact of human settlement and land use on natural systems. In the colonial period wetlands were not generally viewed as visually pleasing; they were perceived as alien and hostile environments. Settlers saw the land as an economic commodity to be exploited in a money economy. Thus the effects of a sequence of occupances and their transformation of environments as traditional Aboriginal resource use gave way to early European settlement, which brought about an evolution and cultural change in the wetland ecosystems, and attitudes towards them.
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Emerson, John. "The representation of the colonial past in French and Australian cinema, from 1970 to 2000 /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phe536.pdf.
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Howey, Kirsty. "How is a gravel pit like a uranium mine? Spacetimes of property, development and the state in northern Australia". Thesis, University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/24260.
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Agreements between Indigenous groups and third parties are a primary interface between development, the state, and Indigenous people and lands in Australia. In this thesis, I analyse their significance by interrogating the everyday textual, material and legal practices that produce agreements at the Northern Land Council (NLC), a powerful Indigenous organisation in the Northern Territory of Australia. I reveal the NLC’s agreement-making practices as a spatio- temporal assemblage of governance, or a chronotope.
I argue that the chronotope’s trick is to metabolise and constitute a bewildering range of land- based resources in the same way, such that at the NLC a uranium mine is a gravel pit is a fracking well is a health clinic. The chronotope puts the NLC in a double-bind: while making its work indispensable to the state-backed machinery of development, it also myopically focuses resources within a narrow spatiotemporal window. Yet this myopic mimetic focus causes real-world, and frequently violent, effects. The practices that constitute the chronotope entail the gendered, racialised and classed disappearance of a range of institutional actors from NLC knowledge production, and also create the conditions for the entrenchment of capitalist extractive modes of being and doing, while facilitating the insidious slow violence of environmental harms out of sight and mind.
Yet, in enacting these compromised practices, the NLC evinces a chimeric relationship with the state that is the key to its survival: sometimes inhabiting and acting with superior state power, other times in opposition to it, all the time occupying a hybrid mode. It is this constant negotiation with the state that has ensured the NLC’s resilience over time, but also holds it captive. Taken as a whole, this thesis confronts the binary requirement within critical scholarship for durable Indigenous organisations under continuing settler occupation to be either state or its opposite, and suggests a new take on what Indigenous institutional survivance requires.
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Walker, Lesley. "From old Wales to New South Wales : locating Welsh immigrants in colonial records 1875-1885". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1995. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26824.
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The history of immigration into Australia is central to the history of European Australia itself. This thesis presents the results of a study of migration from Wales to New South Wales in the latter half of the nineteenth century. The primary data for this study are New South Wales colonial immigration, shipping and census records. The records from the years 1875 to 1885 have proved to be a rich source of information about the migration of people from counties in Wales to New South Wales. A major purpose of this study has been to determine what sort of information about patterns of migration is recoverable and what questions can be asked and answered using the data retrieved.
This thesis challenges the assumption, implicit or explicit in previously published work on the Welsh in Australia, that little in the way of useful statistical data was recoverable due to the historic and official submergence of Wales into England. It has been shown that accurate and detailed data on assisted immigrants from Wales can be recovered from the colonial records. Significant findings are presented regarding counties of origin, occupations, places of settlement, evidence of chain and stage migration, family group and individual male and female migration patterns and evidence of links between communities in Wales and New South Wales.
Interpretation of these findings provides valuable evidence relevant to long-standing debates about whether Welsh migration patterns were distinctly different from the rest of the British Isles. The urban and industrial background of the majority of immigrants from Wales argues against widely accepted views about factors influencing internal movement from rural to industrial areas and the conclusion that there was little emigration overseas from industrial Wales. The recovered data about the Welsh immigrants to New South Wales demonstrate a need to re-examine traditional assumptions about Welsh migration in general and to Australia in particular.
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Clarke, Stephen John History Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "Marching to their own drum : British Army officers as military commandants in the Australian colonies and New Zealand 1870-1901". Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of History, 1999. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38659.
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Between 1870 and 1901, seventeen officers from the British army were appointed by the governments of the Australian colonies and New Zealand as commanders of their colonial military forces. There has been considerable speculation about the roles of these officers as imperial agents, developing colonial forces as a wartime reserve to imperial forces, but little in depth research. This thesis examines the role of the imperial commandants with an embryonic system of imperial defence and their contribution to the development of the colonial military forces. It is therefore a topic in British imperial history as much as Australian and New Zealand military history. British officers were appointed by colonial governments to overcome a shortfall in professional military expertise but increasingly came to be viewed by successive British administrations as a means of fulfilling an imperial defence agenda. The commandants as ???men-on-the-spot???, however, viewed themselves as independent reformers and got offside with both the imperial and colonial governments. This fact reveals that the commandants occupied a difficult position between the aspirations of London and the reality of the colonies. They certainly brought an imperial perspective to their commands and looked forward to the colonies playing a role on the imperial stage but generally did so in terms of a personal agenda rather than one set by London. This assessment is best demonstrated in the commandants??? independent stance at the outset of the South African War. The practice of appointing British commandants in Australasia was fraught with problems because of an inherent conflict in the goals of the commandants and their colonial governments. It resembles the Canadian experience of the British officers which reveals that the system of imperials military appointments as a whole was flawed. The problem remained that until a sufficient number of colonial officers had the prerequisite professional expertise for high command there was no alternative. The commandants were therefore the beginning rather than the end of a traditional reliance upon British military expertise. The lasting legacy of the commandants for the military forces of Australia and New Zealand was the development of colonial officers, transference of British military traditions, and the encouragement of a colonial military identity premised on the expectation of future participation in defence of the empire. The study provides a major revision to the existing historiography of imperial officers in the colonies, one which concludes that far from being ???imperial agents??? they were largely marching to their own drum.
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Ward, Damen Andrew. "The politics of jurisdiction : 'British' law, indigenous peoples and colonial government in South Australia and New Zealand, c.1834-60". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289016.
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Gerlach, Tim. "The cabbage garden and the farinaceous village : aspects of colonial identity in Victoria and South Australia in the 1890's [sic] /". Title page and introduction only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arg371.pdf.
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