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1
Marchand, Philippe. "COLOMER (Claude), Janson de Sailly. Histoire d’un lycée de prestige." Histoire de l'éducation, nr 117 (1.01.2008): 147–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/histoire-education.604.
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Uva, Richard H., Thomas H. Whitlow i William F. Clark. "601 Development of Cultural Methods for Beach Plum (Prunus maritima Marsh.) Fruit Production". HortScience 35, nr 3 (czerwiec 2000): 500D—500. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.500d.
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Beach plum is a shrub native to Atlantic coastal sand dunes from Maine to Maryland, where it is subject to drought and low nutrient and water holding soil. Since colonial times beach plum fruit has been collected from the wild for the production of preserves, an activity that endures today as a cultural tradition and cottage industry. Currently, the supply of fruit from wild stands does not meet the market's demand; hence, beach plum could be a new crop for many growers in the Northeastern U.S. For the past 4 years, a partnership of growers, Univ. of Massachusetts Extension, and Cornell Univ. has experimented with standard orchard cultural methods for beach plum production in coastal Massachusetts. During Aug. 1999, we harvested the first crop from our experimental orchard. The factorial experiment evaluates the effects of irrigation, mulch, and fertilizer on growth and yield of beach plum. Basal and axial growth were strongly correlated and were greater in fertilized than unfertilized treatments. Within fertilizer regime irrigation and mulch had less effect on growth than fertilizer. Fruit yield (dry weight and fresh weight) was greater in fertilized plots. Irrigation had no positive influence on yield. Average fruit diameter and °Brix were greater in the fertilized and unirrigated treatments.
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Williams, Patrick Ryan, Donna J. Nash, Michael E. Moseley, Susan De France, Mario Ruales, Ana Miranda i David Goldstein. "Los encuentros y las bases para la administración política Wari". Boletín de Arqueología PUCP, nr 9 (22.03.2005): 207–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18800/boletindearqueologiapucp.200501.008.
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En el presente trabajo se analiza el rol de los encuentros y reuniones de diversa escala en la colonia wari de Moquegua, Perú (600-1000d.C.). El papel de los festines cambió sustancialmente con la expansión de las entidades políticas Wari y Tiwanaku, e involucró múltiples lugares y numerosos tipos de congregaciones. La evidencia resulta de excavaciones en dos sitios principales, Cerro Baúl y Cerro Mejía, y se comparan los contextos de festines en ambos sitios con el argumento de que las reuniones o encuentros públicos fueron fundamentales en múltiples escalas y en muchos lugares diferentes. Mediante el estudio tanto de los lugares de producción como los de consumo se busca aclarar el mecanismo de la especialización de instalaciones en diversos contextos, así como los roles que los diversos miembros de la sociedad wari desempeñaron en la producción de festines. Finalmente, por medio de la comparación del acceso diferenciado a productos alimenticios y el empleo de alimentos únicos en lugares especiales, se aborda la diferenciación social en el acceso a los recursos en la colonia wari de Moquegua. También se analiza la relación entre la cocina y la identidad en lo que constituía un encuentro colonial muy cosmopolita en la sierra sur andina.
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Erine, Khamaliyah Nur, Sakafitri Rimasari i Ari Sapto. "Eksistensi bangunan gaya kolonial Belanda di kawasan Kayutangan, Kota Malang pada tahun 1900-2021". Historiography 2, nr 4 (31.10.2022): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um081v2i42022p588-602.
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The history of the city of Malang has a long journey until the presence of the city of Malang is rapidly as it is today. Judging from its history, in 1914 the Kayutangan area to the Malang city square was used as the center of Malang city at that time. This is because the geographical location of Kayutangan is very strategic for trade and service routes and is used as a connecting route between Malang and Surabaya. The pattern of settlements is formed around the square with the pattern following the grouping of a plural society. Most of the colonial buildings in Malang adhere to Dutch architecture. Colonial buildings built before the 1920s have an "Indische Empire" architectural style which is an old European model building. In the years after the 1920s the colonial building had an architectural style of "Nieuwe Bouwen" which had been adapted to the climate and building techniques of the Dutch East Indies. The existence of the Dutch colonial style building at this time can still be enjoyed by the facade of the building. Contextual buildings are designed based on the existing environmental and climate systems to realize buildings that adopt Dutch colonial architecture and the system of structuring the routes prioritizes users' comfort and safety when passing through these routes. The author uses the historical method which has four stages including heuristics, source criticism, interpretation and historiography. The purpose of writing this article is to find out the historical background of the architectural development of the Kayutangan area, Malang and to analyze the existence of Dutch colonial buildings in the Kayutangan area, Malang in 1900-2021.Sejarah kota Malang memiliki perjalanan yang cukup panjang hingga hadirnya kota Malang yang pesat seperti saat ini. Ditinjau dari sejarahnya, pada tahun 1914 kawasan Kayutangan hingga alun-alun kota Malang dijadikan sebagai pusat kota Malang pada saat itu. Hal ini dikarenakan letak geografis Kayutangan sangat strategis untuk jalur perdagangan dan jasa serta dijadikan sebagai jalur penghubung antara Malang dengan Surabaya. Pola pemukiman terbentuk di sekeliling alun-alun dengan polanya mengikuti pengelompokan masyarakat majemuk. Sebagian besar bangunan kolonial di Malang menganut arsitektur Belanda. Bangunan kolonial yang dibangun sebelum tahun 1920-an memiliki gaya arsitektur “Indische Empire” yang merupakan bangunan model Eropa lama. Pada tahun setelah 1920-an bangunan kolonial memiliki gaya arsitektur “Nieuwe Bouwen” yang telah disesuaikan dengan iklim dan teknik bangunan Hindia Belanda. Eksistensi bangunan gaya kolonial Belanda pada masa kini masih bisa dinikmati fasade bangunannya. Bangunan kontekstual yang dirancang berdasarkan sistem lingkungan dan iklim yang ada untuk mewujudkan bangunan yang mengadopsi arsitektur kolonial Belanda dan sistem penataan jalur-jalur lebih memprioritaskan para penggunanya nyaman dan aman ketika melewati jalur tersebut. Penulis menggunakan metode sejarah yang memiliki empat tahap diantaranya heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi dan historiografi. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui latar historis perkembangan arsitektur kawasan Kayutangan, Malang serta untuk menganalisis eksistensi bangunan kolonial Belanda di kawasan Kayutangan, Malang pada tahun 1900-2021.
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Komárková, Jaroslava. "Cyanobacterial picoplankton and its colonial formations in two eutrophic canyon reservoirs (Czech Republic)". Fundamental and Applied Limnology 154, nr 4 (7.08.2002): 605–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/154/2002/605.
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Evrard, S., J. Jarry, M. Isambert, C. Bellera, T. Razafindratsira i J. L. Faucheron. "6016 One hundred cases of delayed coloanal anastomoses: the end of diverting stoma following total mesorectal excision?" European Journal of Cancer Supplements 7, nr 2 (wrzesień 2009): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6349(09)71111-5.
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Stark, Antony A. "AST/RO: A submillimetre-wave telescope for the South Pole". Highlights of Astronomy 9 (1992): 587–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600022590.
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The Antarctic submillimetre Telescope and Remote Observatory (AST/RO), a 1.7 m offset Gregorian, is scheduled for installation at the South Pole in November 1993. It is a collaboration including the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, AT&T Bell Laboratories, Boston University, the University of Illinois, the University of Colorado, and the University of Cologne. Observational tests (Pajot 1990; Dragovan et al 1990) and modeling (Bally 1990) of atmospheric transparency over the Pole indicate that it is the best accessible submillimetre-wave site in the world. The immediate scientific goals are heterodyne spectroscopy of galactic molecular clouds and molecular lines in the earth’s stratosphere at wavelengths near 600 μm. Two early observational programs are a large-scale survey of the CI line at 609 μm and monitoring of the 2.8 mm O3 line arising in the stratosphere. Under the newly-formed Center for Astrophysical Research in Antarctica (centred at Yerkes Observatory), AST/RO will become a general-purpose instrument for the millimetre, sub-millimetre and far-infrared.
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Castro, Luís Felipe Perdigão de. "COLONIALISMO E ACUMULAÇÃO POR ESPOLIAÇÃO: PANORAMAS CONCEITUAIS E O CONTEXTO DE TERRAS NO BRASIL". Revista Brasileira de História do Direito 7, nr 1 (13.08.2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26668/indexlawjournals/2526-009x/2021.v7i1.7575.
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O artigo debate, em pesquisa bibliográfica, a inserção da terra sob a lógica colonial, enfatizando os sentidos da violência e da expropriação de terras e sua conexão com processos capitalistas posteriores. Objetiva-se contextualizar a colonização como um dos marcos iniciais de apropriação privada de recursos naturais, especialmente estruturado com o sesmarialismo e a Lei de Terras, de 1850. O pano de fundo do estudo é a concentração de terras como traço determinante de exclusão de direitos, destacando-se a implantação do sesmarialismo (1530-1824) e, após a independência (1822), a Lei nº 601, de 18 de setembro de 1850 (“Lei de Terras”).
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Lin, Tzu-yu. "Hybridities in a Metropolitan Diasporic Space – Weng Nao’s Literary Tokyo". Archiv orientální 82, nr 3 (13.12.2014): 581–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.47979/aror.j.82.3.581-601.
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This paper explores a hybrid space of Tokyo in the early twentieth century in the literary world of Taiwanese writer Weng Nao. Homi Bhabha’s theory will be adapted in order to further discuss hybridities and ambivalence in the metropolitan space within diasporic literature. Amongst other Taiwanese writers in the 1930s, Weng Nao was one of the few followers of Shin-kankakuha (the Neosensualist School), which was established by Japanese modernist writers such as Kawabata Yasunari, Tanizaki Jun’ichiro, Yokomitsu Riichi, Hayashi Fumiko and Sato Waruo, and insisted on presenting literary writing in the form of pure aesthetics. His new and modernist experimental techniques of literary representation and sophisticated descriptions of the loneliness of urban life and the inner desires of the human mind made his works distinct from those of other Taiwanese diasporic authors in the 1930s. However, with regard to his specific writing style and his detailed descriptions of innermost sexual desires, Weng’s works were far beyond what was deemed acceptable by East Asian or Taiwanese literary communities in the early twentieth century and received quite a significant amount of negative criticism. In addition, being long considered to be mocking the writing style of the Japanese Neosensualist School, Chinese critics such as Gu Zitang comments on his works as “not Chinese literature at all” and “not yet totally westernized.” In fact, his literary status is far more important than Taiwanese literati could have imagined during his lifetime. In order to re-evaluate his literary status, this paper begins by exploring the significance of Tokyo and foregrounds its articulation within Weng’s diasporic experience in his metropolitan literary space. Then, I discuss the adaptations made by Weng Nao to Japanese Neosensualist writing, which, I argue, can be considered as an expression of his resistance to colonial modernist values. Finally, I propose to utilize the sense of translation in order to understand how diasporic literature as an act of writing across cultures and nations can be seen as a process of code-switching between different cultural/linguistic systems, which carries across memories and cultures from one cultural context to another. In the terms of form, context and themes, Weng’s modified modernist Tokyo writing reveals his uniqueness and resistance towards both Japanocentrism and Eurocentrism, which distinguishes him as an outstanding Taiwanese diasporic writer rather than as merely a follower of Japanese Neosensualist literature.
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Rassendren, Etienne. "Discontent As Resistance". Artha - Journal of Social Sciences 4, nr 1 (1.01.2005): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12724/ajss.6.1.
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This paper attempts to identify and explore the varied ideological implications of English studies by constructing a contextual genealogy of the field as it travels from its inception in the colonial period to its contemporary context. It attempts to respond to questions concerning reading practices, pedagogic agencies, knowledge, production, disciplinary formations and identity politics. It is neither theoretically comprehensive nor chronologically systematic and does not discuss the rise of feminisms and translation studies as these areas demand fuller analysis than this space can afford. It prefers not to marginalize these issues with tokenist responses. The principal interest of this paper is to think through the problematic cultural-politics of the field so as to place it in perspective.
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Tamanoi, Mariko Asano. "Knowledge, Power, and Racial Classifications: The “Japanese” in “Manchuria”". Journal of Asian Studies 59, nr 2 (maj 2000): 248–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2658656.
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Was knowledge always the basis of colonial power? If so, were colonial rulers invariably confident of the accuracy of their knowledge? Among the Victorian British, for example, there was widespread agreement that India could be known and represented as a series of facts (Cohn 1996, 4). Based on this agreement, the British colonial officials, missionaries, and entrepreneurs tried to demonstrate their power through what Bernard Cohn calls “officializing procedures”: counting, gathering, characterizing, ordering, and classifying the populations and their attributes in India. Such procedures offered numerous agents of colonization “seemingly immense culture-defining capacity” (Cooper and Stoler 1989, 609). Yet, their power was “never so omniscient nor secure to imagine itself as totalizing” (Dirks 1992, 7). Their insecurity may have been the result of their incomplete knowledge or even ignorance.
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Levchenko, Z. A., D. A. Alekseenko i A. N. Yatmanov. "WOMAN DIVER: FEAT IN THE NAME OF LIFE". Marine Medicine 6, nr 5(S) (20.01.2021): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22328/2413-5747-2020-6-s-46-49.
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In January 2019, the 75th anniversary of the lifting of the blockade of Leningrad was celebrated. The first woman in the Soviet Union, a diver Nina Vasilievna Sokolova, made a huge contribution to saving the life of the city. She spent a total of more than 600 hours under water, was engaged in lifting wrecks with the most important cargo for residents of an isolated city, was the initiator and actively participated in laying an oil pipeline and a power line along the bottom of Lake Ladoga. This helped the city survive in the most difficult days of the blockade. Nina Vasilievna finished the war with the rank of colonel engineer. In memory of her heroic work, a memorial plaque was erected in St. Petersburg.
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Kyvliuk, Valentyna. "War and Peace Studies: In Search of Philosophical Substantiation of Heuristic Potential". Studia Warmińskie 57 (31.12.2020): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/sw.6011.
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The article is devoted to the explication of the methodological problems in the field of war and peace studies. The author tried to make a conceptual historical, and philosophical observation of the genesis of the understanding of war and peace. At the same time, the modern discourse is determined by the activity of recognized organizations and the high-impact journals. Using the methodology of discourse and institutional analysis, the author tries to define the key ‘edge’ points of the mentioned discourse. At the same time, the modern cases of war conflict demonstrated their hybrid nature. The case analysis of the Ukraine hybrid war and the other countries let the author represent the holistic logic for understanding the development of the methodology of war and peace studies research, understanding one’s multidisciplinary nature, etc. The Ukrainian case also involved the methodological approaches of the postcolonial (neo-colonial theory) for understanding the drivers and breaks of the war conflict, which could be heuristic for the development of future ideas in the field of non-conflict humanity development.
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Prieto, Gabriel, Isabelle Druc, Leonardo Arrelucea, Helen Chavarria, Julio Asencio, Luis Flores de la Oliva, Feren Castillo, Fuyuki Tokanai i Claver Aldama Reyna. "La ocupación del Periodo Inicial Tardío (1100/1000 – 800 a.C.) y el Horizonte Temprano (800-500/400 a.C.) en Huanchaco, Costa Norte del Perú". Arqueología y Sociedad, nr 36 (18.07.2022): 9–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/arqueolsoc.2022n36.e22415.
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En este artículo se presentan los primeros resultados de las investigaciones realizadas en el Sector José Olaya – Sitio Iglesia Colonial de Huanchaco, donde se ha registrado una ocupación del periodo Inicial Tardío y el Horizonte Temprano. En este artículo presentamos los datos de los contextos arqueológicos excavados, así como un análisis preliminar de la cerámica asociada, estudio de los restos malacológicos y algunos datos del análisis petrográfico. Al mismo tiempo, un análisis de la estratigrafía del sitio y 11 fechados AMS, ayudan a separar estas ocupaciones en tres subfases: José Olaya 1 (1000-800 a.C.), José Olaya 2 (800-600 a.C.) y José Olaya 3 (600-400 a.C.).
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Guadagnin, Erika. "Book Review: Maurizio Ferraris – Post-Coronial Studies – Seicento sfumature di virus [Post-Coronial Studies – 600 shades of virus], 2021, Giulio Enaudi Editore S.p.A., Turin, Italy". Research and Education, nr 5 (2021): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.56177/red.5.2021.art.1.
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The proposed book tries to map, from a philosophical point of view, a new phenomenon that developed in the pandemic years under the title of Post-Colonial Studies – 600 shades of virus. The author innovates conceptually by proposing the term post-coronial studies, in which he subsumes a series of theoretical and reflective analyses of how the threat of the Covid-19 virus has changed social thinking and human life forever. Ferraris distinguishes between the term “post-colonial studies” (he associates it with a closed historical stage, in which humanity has victimized itself sufficiently for its decisions) and “postcolonial studies”, in which, in essence, it aims to analyse behaviours and logical strings that have brought a change of paradigms in our lives, from the approach of technology, to the ecological impact, to progress, all in an innovative key and marked by the hope for a prosperous future.
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Silva, Márcio Antônio. "1850 E 2012, DA EXCLUSÃO AO DIREITO: DOCUMENTOS ANTAGÔNICOS E A EDUCAÇÃO ESCOLAR QUILOMBOLA NO BRASIL". @rquivo Brasileiro de Educação 7, nr 16 (5.04.2020): 240–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/p.2318-7344.2019v7n16p240-256.
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Neste artigo descrevemos uma comparação antagônica de dois documentos do período imperial brasileiro (1850 e 1854) com um documento recente da república brasileira (2012). O documento de 1850 é a Lei de número 601, conhecida como Lei de Terras, enquanto o documento de 1854 é o Decreto 1331 que regulamenta a educação no município da Corte, também conhecido como Reforma Couto Ferraz. O documento de 2012 é a Resolução de número 08 do Conselho Nacional de Educação sobre as Diretrizes para a Educação Escolar Quilombola. Por meio de análise documental, buscamos refletir sobre os contrapontos entre o período colonial e o período democrático. Tais documentos, quando assinados pelo Imperador mostram a exclusão desses povos, enquanto a inclusão é feita em outro documento assinado por um presidente da república. Concluímos que a exclusão dos integrantes dos quilombos, por via oficial no século XIX, sofreu profundas alterações quando se compara com os direitos conquistados no século XXI, mas que em muitos pontos ainda permanece uma realidade de dificuldades no campo da educação, da terra e do racismo.
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Javed, Attiya Y., i Haseeb Ahmad Bhatti. "How to Live in a Textile Quota-free World". Pakistan Development Review 39, nr 4II (1.12.2000): 609–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v39i4iipp.609-628.
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Its going to be an open arena, only fittest will survive, instead of governments, markets will determine whom to favour or not. There will be no textile quotas in the year 2005. The world has changed and it is going to change increasingly. It differs from the colonial patterns of trade and co-operation when only United Kingdom was the major player in the international trading arena. Now there are many leading trading nations in the world. In post World Trade Organisation era that is after January 1, 1995 at least on paper every country is equal partner in the global trading system. On ground there are big and small players in this equal paper partnership. United States continues to be the leading exporter and importer in the world with a share of 12.4 percent of total world exports and 18.0 percent of total world imports. The East Asian economies first tier, Singapore, Hong Kong, South Korea and Taiwan have climbed up on the Product Cycle ladder shifting from low value products to high value added exports like hi-tech electronics, the second tier of NIE’s Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and Philippines have diverse exporting patterns. Excluding Malaysia, others are exporters of textiles and clothing with many other products.
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McCracken, Ellen. "Fray Angélico Chávez and the Colonial Southwest: Historiography and Rematerialization". Americas 72, nr 4 (październik 2015): 529–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tam.2015.66.
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In the summer of 1924, townspeople recount, 14-year-old Manuel Chávez built models of colonial New Mexico mission churches in the dirt outside Our Lady of Guadalupe Church in the village of Peña Blanca. He was staying with the Franciscan friars after expressing his desire to enter the seminary, where he would become the first native New Mexico Hispano to be ordained a Franciscan priest in the centuries since the Spanish colonization. Still a boy, but one who was about to embark on a life-changing path, the small missions he playfully constructed in the dirt and staunchly protected foretold the strategy of rematerialization that would characterize his future: he would become a pioneering Franciscan historian who organized and interpreted the vast collection of Catholic Church documents from the colonial period in New Mexico through the twentieth century. The author of two dozen books and over 600 shorter works, Fray Angélico Chávez (1910–1996) was a visual artist, literary figure, historian, genealogist, translator, and church restorer—one of New Mexico's foremost twentieth-century intellectuals.
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Mendoza Posadas, Mauro Alberto. "Beatriz Arias Álvarez, María Guadalupe Juárez Cabañas y Juan Nadal Palazón, Mosaico de estudios coloniales (I Coloquio Internacional de Lenguas y Culturas Coloniales, 2008). México, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2013, 532 pp. ISBN: 978-607-02-4180-2". Anuario de Letras. Lingüística y Filología 3, nr 2 (3.05.2016): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.19130/iifl.adel.1340.
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Dicen los autores que “el principal objetivo de este volumen es ofrecer las diversas perspectivas desde las cuales se puede estudiar la Colonia” (p. 10) y, en efecto, la diversidad con la que se ataca en estas páginas ese periodo histórico, clave para el entendimiento de nuestra actualidad económica, social y cultural —y por lo tanto lingüística—, le dan forma a este mosaico. En este volumen se reúne una amplia serie de trabajos que originalmente fueron presentados en el I Coloquio Internacional de Lenguas y Culturas Coloniales, realizado entre el 3 y el 5 de noviembre de 2008 en el Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas de la UNAM, los cuales fueron cuidadosamente revisados y dictaminados para su inclusión en el volumen. Como veremos, este tipo de obra contribuye indudablemente al entendimiento de la colonia.
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Vizcarra, Jhonson K., Yerko A. Vilina i Karla Anfruns. "Nueva colonia reproductiva del gaviotín peruano (Sternula lorata) en la costa sur de Perú". Revista Peruana de Biología 29, nr 3 (28.08.2022): e22850. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v29i3.22850.
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En la presente nota se describe la existencia de una nueva colonia reproductiva de Sternula lorata en Pampa El Palo, ubicado en el distrito y la provincia de Ilo, departamento de Moquegua. Entre agosto de 2016 y marzo de 2017 se registraron de 8 a 324 S. lorata y se encontraron 12 nidos activos. El área reproductiva comprende unas 600 ha y se caracteriza por ser una zona abierta con suelo de tipo arenoso y presencia de conchuelas. Esta especie enfrenta algunas amenazas antrópicas en el lugar, tales como el tránsito de vehículos motorizados, el paso de pescadores locales y la presencia de perros domésticos.
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Padilla, F., I. Cabanes, I. Montilla i J. M. Flores. "Peso al nacimiento de abejas reina de la raza Apis mellifera iberiensis". Archivos de Zootecnia 70, nr 270 (15.04.2021): 186–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/az.v70i270.5471.
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En el mundo apícola se acepta que la producción de una determinada colonia de abejas se encuentra directamente relacionada con la calidad de la reina. De todas las posibles variables relacionadas con dicha calidad, el peso al nacimiento se considera una de las más útiles. En nuestro trabajo hemos estudiado el efecto de la colonia criadora de la subespecie local de abejas (Apis melífera iberiensis Engel), sobre el peso al nacimiento de las nuevas reinas, y de las celdillas en las que fueron criadas. Para realizar la cría hemos utilizado el método Doolittle; este procedimiento se encuentra ampliamente difundido y es empleado de forma habitual por los productores. Entre los meses de marzo y mayo de 2019 criamos 140 reinas, realizando ocho ciclos de cría y utilizado cuatro colmenas criadoras diferentes. El peso medio de las reinas al nacimiento fue de 194 ± 26 mg (x ± SD), y el de las celdillas de cría 604 ± 125 (x± SD). Los resultados obtenidos no mostraron diferencias significativas entre las colmenas criadoras, para la variable peso de las reinas al nacimiento, pero si para la variable peso de las celdillas reales.
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Raytekar,, Namita A. ,., Meghna R. Choudhari i Sonali Das. "Antibiotic profiling of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from pus sample of rural tertiary care hospital of Western Maharashtra, Loni, India". International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, nr 7 (24.06.2017): 3076. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20172990.
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Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) considered as an opportunistic pathogen which can be isolated from various kinds of infection. The risk of emergence of antibiotic resistance is based on different antibiotic treatments. Antibiotic resistance and flexibility to adapt changing environment renders the pathogens a matter of concern in hospital acquired infections. Changing pattern of antimicrobial resistance pose challenge in treating pyogenic infections, hence periodical monitoring of bacterial profile and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern is important. This study deals with the infectious and drug resistance nature of P. aeruginosa with effectiveness of antimicrobial agents against it.Methods: Present study was conducted in Centre for Biotechnology, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, Maharashtra, India. A total of 763 pus samples were received in the bacteriology section of department of microbiology, rural medical college, Loni from the various wards of Pravara Rural Hospital. The colonial morphology and identification was done as per standard microbiology procedures. Antibiogram testing was done as per Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method.Results: Out of 763 pus samples 154 were Pseudomonas aeruginosa thus showing 20.19% prevalence. In this study, it was observed that isolates were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin (76.63%) followed by Amikacin. However, showed 90.90 % resistant to Cefazolin followed by Co-trimoxazole 75.97% was observed. Multi drug resistance (MDR) strain 68.83% (N=106) was detected from 154 isolates strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Prevalent resistance pattern was found to be GENr, AKr, CAZr, CZr, COTr for 10 (9.43%) isolates followed by GENr, CAZr, CZr, MRPr, COTr, CIPr for 9 (8.49%) isolates.Conclusions: Present study focused on antibiotic resistance pattern of P. aeruginosa from pus sample. This study contributes in understanding the emergence of MDR strains which can be considered for judicial usage of antibiotics in hospital settings.
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Allen, Ann Taylor. "Frauenbewegung und Nation: Patriotische Frauenvereine in Deutschland im frühen 19. Jahrhundert (1813–1830). By Dirk Alexander Reder. Cologne: SH Verlag. 1998. Pp. 600. DM 88.20. ISBN 3-89498-0443." Central European History 33, nr 2 (czerwiec 2000): 277–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900003423.
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Flynn, Raquel F., Thomas G. Bornman, Jessica M. Burger, Shantelle Smith, Kurt A. M. Spence i Sarah E. Fawcett. "Summertime productivity and carbon export potential in the Weddell Sea, with a focus on the waters adjacent to Larsen C Ice Shelf". Biogeosciences 18, nr 22 (24.11.2021): 6031–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6031-2021.
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Abstract. The Weddell Sea represents a point of origin in the Southern Ocean where globally important water masses form. Biological activities in Weddell Sea surface waters thus affect large-scale ocean biogeochemistry. During January–February 2019, we measured net primary production (NPP), nitrogen (nitrate, ammonium, urea) uptake, and nitrification in the western Weddell Sea at the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) and Larsen C Ice Shelf (LCIS), in the southwestern Weddell Gyre (WG), and at Fimbul Ice Shelf (FIS) in the south-eastern Weddell Sea. The highest average rates of NPP and greatest nutrient drawdown occurred at LCIS. Here, the phytoplankton community was dominated by colonial Phaeocystis antarctica, with diatoms increasing in abundance later in the season as sea ice melted. At the other stations, NPP was variable, and diatoms known to enhance carbon export (e.g. Thalassiosira spp.) were dominant. Euphotic zone nitrification was always below detection, such that nitrate uptake could be used as a proxy for carbon export potential, which was highest in absolute terms at LCIS and the AP. Surprisingly, the highest f ratios occurred near FIS rather than LCIS (average of 0.73±0.09 versus 0.47±0.08). We attribute this unexpected result to partial ammonium inhibition of nitrate uptake at LCIS (where ammonium concentrations were 0.6±0.4 µM, versus 0.05±0.1 µM at FIS), with elevated ammonium resulting from increased heterotrophy following the accumulation of nitrate-fuelled phytoplankton biomass in early summer. Across the Weddell Sea, carbon export appears to be controlled by a combination of physical, chemical, and biological factors, with the highest potential export flux occurring at the ice shelves and lowest in the central WG.
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Yeaton, Richard I., i José L. Flores-Flores. "PATTERNS OF OCCURRENCE AND ABUNDANCE IN COLONY COMPLEXES OF THE MEXICAN PRAIRIE DOG (CYNOMYS MEXICANUS) IN PRODUCTIVE AND UNPRODUCTIVE GRASSLANDS". ACTA ZOOLÓGICA MEXICANA (N.S.) 22, nr 3 (9.05.2006): 107–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21829/azm.2006.2232028.
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El perro llanero mexicano (Cynomys mexicanus) vive en una pequeña área (500-600 km2) del noreste de México. La especie está considerada en peligro de extinción debido principalmente a la fragmentación del hábitat, al reciente desarrollo y expansión agrícola en la porción norte de su limitada distribución geográfica y a la invasión de arbustos en el sur de su área de distribución. En este trabajo estudiamos el papel ecológico del perro llanero mexicano en la ecología de los pastizales en el sur del desierto Chihuahuense. Muchas colonias de esta especie, particularmente en la parte más sur de su área de distribución, están actualmente asentadas en pastizales cortos que se desarrollan en suelos de productividad baja derivados de yeso, donde la tasa de invasión de los arbustos es reducida. Un estudio de la región de los alrededores de las colonias sureñas indicó que esto no siempre ha sido el caso y hay evidencias de que en el pasado estuvo presente en los suelos aluviales profundos más productivos. Se evaluaron la producción de biomasa y las densidades estacionales de la especie en suelos baja productividad del sur de su área de distribución actual y sobre suelos aluviales ricos y profundos en la parte norte. En los suelos aluviales profundos la producción de biomasa total fue siete veces mayor y las densidades de los perros llaneros fueron tres veces y media más grandes. Las densidades estacionales de adultos no fueron significativamente diferentes por tipo de suelo durante el período del monitoreo, en cambio las densidades de juveniles aumentaron significativamente en los censos de verano debido al nacimiento de las crías. La similitud en densidades estacionales por sitio sugiere que la especie está limitada por alimento. Un estudio inferencial del desarrollo de una colonia aislada sobre los suelos aluviales más productivos en el norte del área de distribución de la especie, mostró densidades bajas en el centro y en el borde de la colonia de reciente expansión, en comparación con la zona periférica al centro. La cobertura vegetal también fue escasa en el centro de esa colonia. Las áreas periféricas al centro y la zona de expansión de la colonia mostraron menor cobertura de pastos y juncias en comparación con el pastizal aledaño no utilizado por la colonia, mientras que la especie de pasto Bouteloua gracilis estuvo ausente en el centro y periferia de la colonia, y aumentó significativamente en cobertura desde la zona de expansión de la colonia hacia el pastizal que la circunda.Los pastizales de productividad baja pudieron haber funcionado como refugios para el perro llanero durante episodios previos de invasión de arbustos en el Holoceno. La fragmentación natural de esos pastizales, sugiere que el perro llanero mexicano puede estar funcionando como una metapoblación. Se registraron colonizaciones y extinciones en áreas monitoreadas en cada tipo de suelo. La diferencia principal entre los dos complejos se debió a la productividad mayor de los suelos aluviales de la porción norte. En consecuencia, se producen tres veces mas juveniles por hectárea en esos suelos, lo que aumenta mucho la probabilidad de que la especie mantenga una colonia establecida o de fundar con éxito nuevas colonias en esos suelos. La probabilidad de extinción del perro llanero mexicano es mas alta en el sur de su área de distribución debido a estas densidades mas bajas y su conservación ahí deberá de incluir el trasplante sistemático de individuos desde las colonias de los suelos aluviales productivos de la parte norte.
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Tastama, Ridho Dwiky. "The Position of Women in International Relationship: A Book Review Gender & Hubungan Internasional, Ani Seotjipto, Jalasutra Bandung, 2013, 320 pages, ISBN 978-602-825-293-5". Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 4, nr 1 (7.05.2019): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jils.v4i01.30175.
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This book also includes various forms of examples of statements of international agreements between countries such as: Singapore Declaration of 1992, Scale of Assessments, Rule of Procedure of the General Assembly, Resolution 1514 (XV): Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, Resolution 1514 (XV): Principles Which Should Be a Guide for Determining whether or not An Obligation Existence to Information of the Charter of the United Nations, and Declaration of Principles of International Law Concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among States in Accordance with the Charter of the United Nations. This book explains how to look at international relations in terms of gender as well as feminism, mostly in this book discussing women and their human rights in international relations in the world. The author wrote this book based on his perspective as a subject of women's law to international law. This book uses language that is easily understood and understood by students so it is very helpful in learning activities and very helpful in giving references in making lectures related to international relations.
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Gordon, William M. "Mathias Schmoeckel, AUF DER SUCHE NACH DER VERLORENEN ORDNUNG. 2000 JAHRE RECHT IN EUROPA – EIN ÜBERBLICK Cologne, Weimar & Vienna: Böhlau Verlag (www.boehlau.de), 2005. xix + 600 pp. ISBN 3412133043. € 49.90/SFr 85.50." Edinburgh Law Review 13, nr 1 (styczeń 2009): 177–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e1364980908001273.
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Khan, Mohammad Mahmudul Hasan, Ahsan Habib i Abu B. Siddiq. "Turkic Acculturation and the Emergence of Bengali Identity". CenRaPS Journal of Social Sciences 4, nr 1 (3.04.2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/cenraps.v4i1.72.
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Bengal is the largest delta in the world. Because of the easy access to natural wealth, many people groups of different ethno-religious backgrounds migrated into Bengal from prehistoric times. Following the conquest of Bengal by the Khalaj descended Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji, the Central and West Asian traditions greatly influenced the Delta throughout about 600 years. Although there were migrations of many other groups, primarily the predominance of Turkic traditions encouraged waves of Turk-Bengali acculturations which helped emerge and mature the Bengali identity in the Delta. Later, there were trends of false narration, propaganda history and attempts of deculturation throughout 190 year-long colonial rule. Yet, the signs of this harmonious and mutual acculturation still survive in archaeological and historical sources of the region. Citing some of them, this study aims to present a glimpse of the process of welfare and Turk-Bengal acculturation in the Bengal Delta.
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Clarkson, Persis B., i Ronald I. Dorn. "New Chronometric Dates for the Puquios of Nasca, Peru". Latin American Antiquity 6, nr 1 (marzec 1995): 56–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/971600.
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Numeric age assessments of organic material encapsulated by rock varnish present on stone lintels of two “puquios” in the Nasca region of the south coast of Peru indicate a Precolumbian age. Accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon analyses at the Isotrace Laboratory revealed ages of cal A. D. 560(620)650 and cal A. D. 600(640)660 (1 sigma). These calibrated measurements are considered to be appropriate in the context of the archaeological settlement pattern data for the region. As well, the written documents of the colonial period neither confirm nor deny the presence of the puquios. Three assumptions are inherent in the acceptance of these dates: (1) AMS 14C dating and its application to rock varnish yield reliable results, (2) sample contamination can be recognized, and (3) determination of the age of the puquios rests upon testable available information; ex silentio arguments about the presence or absence of the puquios in the Nasca region before the Spanish conquest are inadequate for the resolution of the question.
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Vogel, Norbert. "Paul Röhrig in memoriam". Grundtvig-Studier 58, nr 1 (1.01.2007): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/grs.v58i1.16507.
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Paul Røhrig in memoriamAf/by Norbert VogelNorbert Vogels nekrolog over Paul Røhrig, professor i almen pædagogik ved Kölns Universitet, fremhæver hans organisering og ledelse af den store internationale Grundtvig-kongres i 1988 i anledning af universitetets 600-.rs jubil.um som et udtryk for hans livslange humanistiske indsats for voksenoplysning og arbejderuddannelse.Han erhvervede sig gentagne indtryk, b.de praktiske og teoretiske, fra den danske højskolebevægelse og søgte som den bedste tyske kender p. feltet at udbrede viden om Grundtvigs pædagogiske tanker i Tyskland.Norbert Vogel’s obituary for Paul Røhrig, professor of education in the University of Cologne, emphasises his organization and leadership of the major international Grundtvig-congress in 1988 in connection with the university’s 600th anniversary, as an expression of his lifelong humanistic engagement with adult education and workers’ education. He drew his constant inspiration, both practical and theoretical, from the Danish high school movement and, as the German most familiar with the territory, he sought to disseminate knowledge of Grundtvig’s educational thinking in Germany.
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Folan, William J., Jacinto May Hau, Joyce Marcus, W. Frank Miller i y. Raymundo González Heredia. "LOS CAMINOS DE CALAKMUL, CAMPECHE". Ancient Mesoamerica 12, nr 2 (lipiec 2001): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536101122017.
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Las ruinas de Calakmul se encuentran en la cuenca del mismo nombre localizado dentro del 723,000 ha Reserva de la Biosfera Calakmul en el sureste del Estado de Campeche. Investigaciones del Centro de Investigaciones Históricas y Sociales de la Universidad Autónoma de Campeche han demostrado que Calakmul formaba una de las más grandes centros regionales en el área maya desde 600 a.C. hasta los fines del siglo IX dentro de su estado regional de 13,000 km2. Investigaciones de prospección remoto alrededor de Calakmul combinado con trabajos topográficos dentro de la ciudad misma han revelado 15 sac beob identificados por nosotros entre los tipos de vías terrestres descritos en los diccionarios de la idioma Maya formados durante el período colonial. Entre estos sac beob se encuentran tipos regionales, estatales y los sac beob registrados dentro de la ciudad de Calakmul. Aunque existe un traslapo entre varios tipos de sac beob, pensamos que excavaciones futuras van a ayudarnos a clasificar cada sac be en una forma más precisa.
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Litvinenko, Natalia M., i Yuriy V. Shibaev. "Importance of Furugelm Island in the Sea of Japan for wetland birds: the first record of a breeding colony of the Chinese egret Egretta eulophotes". Oryx 34, nr 4 (październik 2000): 335–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3008.2000.00137.x.
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AbstractA new breeding site of the globally threatened Chinese egret Egretta eulophotes was recorded on Furugelm Island in the summer of 1998. The discovery of this colony moves the breeding limit of the species more than 600 km further to the north-east in the Sea of Japan. Thirty to forty pairs of Chinese egrets were discovered on the island, which is also home to thousands of colonial seabirds as well. The egret's colony is within the Far-Eastern Marine Reserve but some of its main foraging sites lie outside the protected area and are disturbed by both tourists and hunters. More worryingly, however, the main threat to the Chinese egret's survival is a new economic development project: the Tumen River Area Development Program. We make an urgent plea for the protection of the Chinese egrets' foraging areas within the Far-Eastern Marine Reserve and recommend that a transfrontier reserve be created to enhance the protection of this important waterbird site.
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Bagchi, David. "Die Ablasstheologie Kardinal Cajetans (1469–1534). By Bernhard Alfred R. Felmberg. (Studies in Medieval and Reformation Thought, 66.) Pp. xvi+444. Leiden–Boston–Cologne: Brill, 1998. Nlg 265. 90 04 11091 7; 0585 6014". Journal of Ecclesiastical History 51, nr 3 (lipiec 2000): 592–651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046900514997.
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Tchindjang, Mesmin, Eric Voundi, Philippes Mbevo Fendoung, Unusa Haman, Frédéric Saha i Igor Casimir Njombissie Petcheu. "Mapping of the dilemma of mining against forest and conservation in the Lom and Djérem Division, Cameroon". Proceedings of the ICA 1 (16.05.2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-1-111-2018.
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Mining practices in Cameroon began since the colonial period. The artisanal mining sector before independence contributed to 11–20 % of GDP. From 2000, the rich potential of the Cameroonian subsoil attract many foreign investors with over 600 research and mining permits already granted during the last decade. But, Cameroonian forests also have a long history from the colonial period to the pre-sent. However, mining activities in forest environments are governed by two different legal frameworks, including mining code i.e. Law No. 001 of 16 April 2001 organizing the mining industry and Law No. 94-01 of 20 January 1994 governing forests, wildlife and fisheries. Therefore, in the absence of detailed studies of these laws, there are conflicts of interests, rights and obligations that overlap, requiring research needs and taking appropriate decisions. The objective of this research in the Lom and Djérem division is to study, apart from the proliferation of mining li-censes and actors, the dilemma as well as the impact of the extension of mining activities on the degradation of forest cover. Using geospatial tools through multi-temporal and multisensor satellite images (Landsat from 1976 to 2015, IKONOS, GEOEYE, Google Earth) coupled with field investigations; we mapped the dynamic of different forms of land use (mining permits, FMU and protected areas of permanent forest estate) and highlighted paradoxically the conflict of land use. We came to the conclusion that the rhythm of issuing mining permits and authorizations in this forestall zone is so fast that one can wonder whether we still find a patch of forest within 50 years.
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Duca, Charles, i Miguel Ângelo Marini. "Breeding success of Cacicus haemorrhous (Linnaeus) (Aves: Icteridae) in different environments in an Atlantic Forest reserve in Southeast Brazil". Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 25, nr 2 (czerwiec 2008): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-81752008000200002.
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Several factors, including the site where the colony was established and number of active nests can influence directly or indirectly the breeding success of colonial birds. The red-rumped cacique, Cacicus haemorrhous (Linnaeus, 1766), is a passerine (Icteridae) that breeds in colonies in different environments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the breeding success of red-rumped cacique in relation to three environments (lake edge, forest and swamp) in which colonies were established in an Atlantic Forest reserve in southeast Brazil. Seven colonies from the three environments were monitored during the breeding season of 2001. Overall probability of nest survival was 40.5%. We found that colonies established in the swamp presented higher nest survival than the others and the ones in the lake edge had lower survival. Nest predation was the most important cause of nest failure, representing 46.5% of all nest losses. Other failure causes were abandonment and fall of nests, representing 6.6% and 6.1% of the losses, respectively. Red-rumped cacique had higher success breeding in colonies located in the swamp.
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Hodos, Tamar. "La Globalización de la edad del hierro en el Mediterráneo". Heródoto: Revista do Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre a Antiguidade Clássica e suas Conexões Afro-asiáticas 4, nr 1 (12.12.2019): 74–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.34024/herodoto.2019.v4.10088.
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La Edad del Hierro en el Mediterráneo (c. 1200-600 AEC) es uno de los períodos más dinámicos. Aunque no fue la primera era en la que sus habitantes intercambiaron mercancías, ideas, valores, costumbres, prácticas y tecnologías, la escala fue sin precedentes. El período se caracteriza, sobre todo, por el asentamiento griego y fenicio alrededor de todo el mar, lo que facilitó una amplia y frecuente comunicación. El impacto a largo plazo fue la creación del primer período conectado a escala global del Mediterráneo. Sin embargo, los académicos no nos han presentado, hasta ahora, una era globalizada. Este capítulo comienza con la definición de globalización y evalúa ocho tendencias fundamentales que se producen en la globalización contemporánea. Describe luego la Edad del Hierro del Mediterráneo y nuestros antecedentes académicos en la interpretación de los movimientos coloniales griegos y fenicios, desde la concepción colonial hasta la poscolonial. Por último, analiza cómo las teorías de la globalización contemporánea pueden transformar nuestro entendimiento de esta era culturalmente compleja y socialmente pujante.
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Aziz, Abdul, i Mahin Muhid. "Structure, morphogenesis of calyptra and nomenclatural identity of Trichodesmium erythraeum Ehr. (Cyanobacteria) newly recorded off the Southwest coast of Bangladesh". Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 27, nr 2 (11.12.2020): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v27i2.50668.
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Trichodesmium erythraeum Ehrenberg 1830 (Cyanobacteria) has been described and newly recorded from three km off the west coast of the St. Martin’s Island (SMI), Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. The Red Sea algal bloom was narrowly elliptical raft-like loose aggregates 20-40 cm long, 4-8 cm wide and 2-3 cm thick. Volume of small and large Sea sawdust were 160×10-6 to 960×10-6 m3 consisting of 25-153 millions flat tuft or spindlelike colonies measured 830-1500 μm long and 155-260 μm wide with 13-16 filaments laterally in the median region. Sheath was present around each trichome even covering the tip cell wall the feature has so far not been reported for the Trichodesmium spp. Because of most likely sticky nature of the sheath 300-600 μm long filaments of 195-450 formed compact colonies without colonial sheath around. In interior filaments cells were rectangular 7-10 μm long and 6.3-10 μm wide with abundant gas vacuoles, bluish-green red, no diazocytes developed and without calyptrae. Cells of peripheral filaments were without gas vacuoles, cytoplasm disorganized, appearing necrotic with glycogen granules, and produced convex to sickle-shaped four-layered calyptra consisting of outermost sheath followed by outer extra thick wall, tip cell wall and inner extra thick wall on the tip cell. Calyptra was also produced on tip cells of tapered filaments. Presence of sheath around each trichome binding all filaments into a colony without colonial sheath described here, and presence of nitrogenase containing diazocytes in interior filaments, both temporal and spatial segregation of N2 fixation and photosynthesis within the photoperiod described and discussed in literature made the authors to consider T. erythraeum Ehr. a distinct taxon under family Microcoleacece.
Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 27(2): 273-282, 2020 (December)
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Nya, Esther Laurentine, Roger Feumba, Pierre René Fotsing Kwetché, Willis Gwenzi i Chicgoua Noubactep. "A Hybrid Model for Achieving Universal Safe Drinking Water in the Medium-Sized City of Bangangté (Cameroon)". Water 13, nr 22 (10.11.2021): 3177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13223177.
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Providing everyone with safe drinking water is a moral imperative. Yet, sub-Saharan Africa seems unable to achieve “safe drinking water for all” by 2030. This sad situation calls for a closer examination of the water supply options for both rural and urban populations. Commonly, two main aspects are considered: (1) behavioural responses to available or potential water supply options, and (2) socio-economic acceptability. These aspects determine the feasibility and the affordability of bringing safe drinking water as a basic good and human right to everyone. There is a broad consensus that achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goal 6.1 is mostly a financial issue, especially in low-income settings. This communication challenges this view as water is available everywhere and affordable treatment options are well-known. It considers the decentralized water supply model as a reference or standard approach in low-income settings rather than as an alternative. Here, the medium-sized city of Bangangté in the western region of Cameroon is used to demonstrate that universal safe drinking water will soon be possible. In fact, during the colonial period, the residences of the elite and the main institutions, including the administrative quarter, churches, and hospital, have been supplied with clean water from various local sources. All that is needed is to consider everyone as important or accept safe drinking water as human right. First, we present a historical background on water supply in the colonial period up to 1980. Second, the drinking water supply systems and water demand driven by population growth are discussed. Finally, a hybrid model for the achieving of universal access to clean drinking water, and preconditions for its successful implementation, are presented. Overall, this communication calls for a shift from safe drinking water supply approaches dominated by centralized systems, and presents a transferable hybrid model to achieve universal clean drinking water.
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Rösch, Christopher, Alexander Mergel i Hermann Bothe. "Biodiversity of Denitrifying and Dinitrogen-Fixing Bacteria in an Acid Forest Soil". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, nr 8 (sierpień 2002): 3818–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.8.3818-3829.2002.
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ABSTRACT Isolated soil DNA from an oak-hornbeam forest close to Cologne, Germany, was suitable for PCR amplification of gene segments coding for the 16S rRNA and nitrogenase reductase (NifH), nitrous oxide reductase (NosZ), cytochrome cd 1-containing nitrite reductase (NirS), and Cu-containing nitrite reductase (NirK) of denitrification. For each gene segment, diverse PCR products were characterized by cloning and sequencing. None of the 16S rRNA gene sequences was identical to any deposited in the data banks, and therefore each of them belonged to a noncharacterized bacterium. In contrast, the analyzed clones of nifH gave only a few different sequences, which occurred many times, indicating a low level of species richness in the N2-fixing bacterial population in this soil. Identical nifH sequences were also detected in PCR amplification products of DNA of a soil approximately 600 km distant from the Cologne area. Whereas biodiversity was high in the case of nosZ, only a few different sequences were obtained with nirK. With respect to nirS, cloning and sequencing of the PCR products revealed that many false gene segments had been amplified with DNA from soil but not from cultured bacteria. With the 16S rRNA gene data, many sequences of uncultured bacteria belonging to the Acidobacterium phylum and actinomycetes showed up in the PCR products when isolated DNA was used as the template, whereas sequences obtained for nifH and for the denitrification genes were closely related to those of the proteobacteria. Although in such an experimental approach one has to cope with the enormous biodiversity in soils and only a few PCR products can be selected at random, the data suggest that denitrification and N2 fixation are not genetic traits of most of the uncultured bacteria.
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Nash, Donna J. "Considering Imperial Complexity in Prehistory: A Polyethnic Wari Enclave in Moquegua, Peru". Humans 2, nr 3 (31.08.2022): 104–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/humans2030008.
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Wari is thought by many to be the first Andean Empire (ca. 600–1000 AD); however, the means of expansion, the areas controlled, the strength of the polity, and the nature of Wari institutions remain largely contested. In general, models describing the Wari polity are simplistic and do not exploit sophisticated approaches developed by historical archaeologists. Wari expansion into the Moquegua Valley, Peru, was originally interpreted as an intrusive colony or distant outpost, perhaps to engage its southern neighbor, Tiwanaku. It was presumed that migrants from the polity’s core established settlements and imperial infrastructure in an unoccupied ecozone. Recent research of households in the colony reveals diverse domestic material culture, diets, and use of living space. Those who lived in Wari-affiliated settlements were probably drawn from other imperial provinces and communities from other areas of the drainage. Forced relocations are common among historically documented empires, but willing pioneers may have selected for this tenuous frontier. Regional-scale data show that Wari had the strength to change the local economy and control this distant frontier province; household-scale data reveal the polyethnic nature of the colonial enclave and provide clues to understand early imperial institutions.
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Singh, Prabhakar. "Indian Princely States and the 19th-century Transformation of the Law of Nations". Journal of International Dispute Settlement 11, nr 3 (1.09.2020): 365–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnlids/idaa012.
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Abstract The role of the roughly 600 Indian princely kingdoms in the transformation of the law of nations into international law during the 19th century is an overlooked episode of international legal history. The Indian princely states effected a gradual end of the Mughal and the Maratha confederacies while appropriating international legal language. The Privy Council—before and after 1858—sanctified within common law as the acts of state, both, the seizure of territories from Indian kings and the ossification of encumbrances attached to the annexed territories. After the Crown takeover of the East India Company in 1858, the British India Government carefully rebooted, even mimicked, the native polyandric relationship of the tribal chiefs, petty states and semi-sovereigns with the Mughal–Maratha complex using multi-normative legal texts. Put down in the British stationery as engagements, sunnuds and treaties, these colonial texts projected an imperially layered nature of the native sovereignty. I challenge the metropole's claims of a one-way export to the colonies of the assumed normative surpluses. I argue that the periphery while responding to a ‘jurisdictional imperialism' upended interational law's civilisation-giving thesis by exporting law to the metropole.
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Martínez López-Cano, María del Pilar. "Iván Rivero Hernández, De las nubes a la laguna. Tributos y tamemes mixtecos en la ciudad de México, 1522-1560. Colección premio Luis González y González. Zamora: El Colegio de Michoacán, 2017, 318 p., ilustraciones, ISBN 978-607-9470-83-8". Relaciones Estudios de Historia y Sociedad 39, nr 154 (30.05.2018): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.24901/rehs.v39i154.420.
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En los últimos años, no es fácil encontrar obras que analicen el periodo formativo de la Nueva España en sus aspectos sociales y económicos. Frente al impulso que han tenido los estudios sobre el siglo XVIII, primero para analizar y evaluar las denominadas reformas borbónicas, y posteriormente para recuperar un primer reformismo anterior a la segunda mitad del siglo ilustrado, o la renovación que se ha producido sobre los estudios del ya no tan olvidado siglo XVII, las primeras décadas de la época colonial siguen basándose, en gran medida, en los estudios ya clásicos de Zavala, Miranda y Borah, o los más recientes de Hassig, Himmerich o Lockhart, todos ellos ya con varios años de existencia. En este sentido hay que celebrar la publicación el libro de Iván Rivero Hernández, De las nubes a la laguna. Tributos y tamemes mixtecos en la ciudad de México, 1522-1560, que analiza precisamente este periodo.
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Noack, D. "K. P. SCHAAL and G. PULVERER, Actinomycetes (Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Actinomycete Biology, Cologne, September 3-7, 1979). XVI + 600 S., 218 Abb., 151 Tab. Stuttgart-New York 1981. Gustav Fischer Verlag. DM 189,00". Zeitschrift für allgemeine Mikrobiologie 23, nr 6 (24.01.2007): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jobm.19830230615.
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Hakim, Hasnan. "Modernity and Culture". American Journal of Islam and Society 20, nr 2 (1.04.2003): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v20i2.1868.
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This book contains the output from a series of discussions leading to an American Social Science Research Council (SSRC) conference in Aix-enProvence, France in September 1998. The 18 essays address some aspects of the history of the Mediterranean-Middle East and Indian Ocean-South Asian areas between the 1890s and 1920s, when modernity and colonialism struck these areas. Despite the lack of a precise definition of moder nity, the contributors unravel how the advent of "European" modernity in transportation, military power, media, and imperialistic or colonial tendency shaped these areas' culture and social structures. Many of the essays focus upon eighteenth- and nineteenth-century urban areas in port cities and important cities like Izmir, Haifa, Alexandria, Cairo, Basra, and Istanbul. This alludes to the fact that the cosmopolitan areas, especially coastal or port cities, are the locus of change, instead of rural areas. Throughout the book, modernization in Asia is treated less as an overpowering energy enacting inevitable social change than as a contested arena where subjugated people actively adapted, resisted, or altered the course of modernization inflicted by European colonialism. The introduction by C. A. Bayly and L. T. Fawaz provides background sketches of the challenge of area studies in history and long-term historical trends affecting the Mediterranean and Indian Ocean rim circa I 600-1920. Three broad strokes are identified: the relative decline of such Muslim empires as the Ottomans, Safavids, Mughals or Deccan, due to their growing irrelevance or colonial encroachment; European mercantilistimperialistic efforts in the maritime affairs of the Mediterranean, Red Sea, and Indian Ocean; and sweeping social change in Muslim societies due to embracing or reacting against the European onslaught or a pure reconstruction of culture and thought (e.g., Wahhabism, the Young Turks, and the pan-Islamic movement in Egypt and India). Against this backdrop, all chapters weave diverse, indepth, and interesting analyses at the macro, micro, or societal and individual levels ...
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Romeralo, Maria, Anna Skiba, Alejandro Gonzalez-Voyer, Christina Schilde, Hajara Lawal, Sylwia Kedziora, Jim C. Cavender, Gernot Glöckner, Hideko Urushihara i Pauline Schaap. "Analysis of phenotypic evolution in Dictyostelia highlights developmental plasticity as a likely consequence of colonial multicellularity". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, nr 1764 (7.08.2013): 20130976. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.0976.
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Colony formation was the first step towards evolution of multicellularity in many macroscopic organisms. Dictyostelid social amoebas have used this strategy for over 600 Myr to form fruiting structures of increasing complexity. To understand in which order multicellular complexity evolved, we measured 24 phenotypic characters over 99 dictyostelid species. Using phylogenetic comparative methods, we show that the last common ancestor (LCA) of Dictyostelia probably erected small fruiting structures directly from aggregates. It secreted cAMP to coordinate fruiting body morphogenesis, and another compound to mediate aggregation. This phenotype persisted up to the LCAs of three of the four major groups of Dictyostelia. The group 4 LCA co-opted cAMP for aggregation and evolved much larger fruiting structures. However, it lost encystation, the survival strategy of solitary amoebas that is retained by many species in groups 1–3. Large structures, phototropism and a migrating intermediate ‘slug’ stage coevolved as evolutionary novelties within most groups. Overall, dictyostelids show considerable plasticity in the size and shape of multicellular structures, both within and between species. This probably reflects constraints placed by colonial life on developmental control mechanisms, which, depending on local cell density, need to direct from 10 to a million cells into forming a functional fructification.
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Fisun, A. Ya, V. A. Yakovlev i Yu S. Malov. "In memory of Komarov Fyodor Ivanovich (on the occasion of his centenary)". Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 22, nr 3 (15.12.2020): 232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma50566.
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Abstract. Fyodor Ivanovich Komarov (08/26/1920 01/25/2020) was a participant in the Great Patriotic War, a prominent domestic therapist, an outstanding figure in military medicine, a Hero of Socialist Labor, an academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a laureate of the State Prize of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, an honorary doctor of the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, a professor and a retired colonel-general of the medical military service. F.I. Komarovs scientific heritage is huge. Over 600 scientific works, including 33 monographs, were published by him personally and in co-authorship. Due to his comprehensive clinical background and deep knowledge of physiology and biochemistry, urgent problems of gastroenterology, cardiology, pulmonology, chronobiorhythmology and military professional pathology could be successfully solved. He made a great contribution to improve and reform the military medical service. Twenty six doctors and sixty candidates of medical sciences were educated under his leadership. Being a military doctor and holding high leadership positions, he was constantly engaged in the improvement of military medicine and military field therapy. He was also the head of medical support for the troops during the hostilities in Afghanistan, during the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant and following the consequences of the earthquake in Armenia. He was elected chairman of the All-Union Society of Physicians several times. He was also a member of the Lenin and State Prize Awarding Committee under the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union, chairman of the expert council of the Supreme Attestation Commission of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and editor-in-chief of the journal Clinical Medicine and an honorary member of a number of foreign academies. In 1999, he was awarded the title Man of the XX century, became a laureate of four personal prizes: M.P. Konchalovsky (1979), S.P. Botkin (1985), N.I. Leporsky (1992), V. Kh. Vasilenko (2001). For his merits to the Fatherland, F.I. Komarov was awarded the title Hero of Socialist Labor (1980) in addition to forty five orders and medals.
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Osborne, Robin. "FGH - C. W. Fornara: Jacoby, Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker. Drifter Teil. Geschichte von Städten und Völkern (Horographie und Ethnographie), C, Fascicle 1, Commentary on Nos. 608a–608. Pp. vi+113. Leiden, New York, Cologne: E. J. Brill, 1994. Paper." Classical Review 45, nr 2 (październik 1995): 253–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009840x00293591.
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Belford, Stanton. "Shallow-Water Species Diversity of Common Intertidal Zoantharians (Cnidaria: Hexacorallia: Zoantharia) along the Northeastern Coast of Trinidad, Southern Caribbean". Oceans 2, nr 3 (20.07.2021): 477–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/oceans2030027.
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Zoantharians are colonial cnidarians commonly found in shallow tropical Caribbean coral reefs, and are known to be globally distributed. Common species in genera Zoanthus and Palythoa occur at Toco, Trinidad, where they are more abundant than their Scleractinia counterparts relative to benthic coverage. In this study, distribution, morphological and molecular data were collected to determine species and symbiont identification to provide more insight on zoantharians. The Line Intercept Point (LIT) transect method recorded coverage at three sites: Salybia (SB), Pequelle (PB), and Grande L’Anse (GA) Bays along the northeastern coast. Variations in morphology, such as tentacle count, oral disk color and diameter were collected from colonies in situ. All specimens were zooxanthellate, and molecular and phylogenetic analyses were done by sequencing the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region for species and symbiont identification, respectively. Results showed mean Zoantharia percentage cover was 32.4% ± 5.1 (X ± SE) at SB, 51.3% ± 6.5 (PB), and 72.2% ± 6.1 at GA. Zooxanthellate zoantharians were identified as Palythoa caribaeorum, Palythoa grandiflora, Zoanthus pulchellus, and Zoanthus sociatus. Symbiodiniaceae genera were identified as Cladocopium and Symbiodinium in Palythoa and Zoanthus spp., respectively. Although this is the first molecular examination of zoantharians, and their symbionts in Trinidad, more research is needed to identify and document species distribution and symbiont biodiversity to understand their ecology in these dynamic ecosystems.
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Sáez, E., i J. Canziani. "VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE AND CULTURAL LANDSCAPES IN THE SONDONDO VALLEY (PERU)". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (24.07.2020): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-175-2020.
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Abstract. Sondondo is an inter-Andean valley located between 3,500 and 4,500 meters above sea level. Inhabited, transformed and modelled since ancient times by the local rural communities, an extraordinary cultural landscape has been created through their particular relationship with the environment. Since the pre-Hispanic settlements (Wari 600 AD), through colonial indigenous “reductions”, to the villages of vernacular architecture, which are at the foundation of contemporary populated centres, the territory has been variously and successively settled, inhabited and transformed. Its vernacular architecture has evolved at multiple scales, from domestic architecture to urban structures. It has created spaces for agriculture and livestock herding, and the spectacular agricultural andenerías (farming platforms and terraces) that have shaped the territory for centuries. The latter simultaneously developed irrigation infrastructures and techniques. The result is a landscape of great plastic effects, in a geographical setting bordered by the apus – tutelar mountains – traditionally “sacralized” by the Andean cultures. Such enormous architectural-landscape legacy is now threatened by imported global models of false modernity disrupting the fragile balance of lifestyles and territories. The objective of this research project, ongoing since 2016, is to assess this territory, catalogue its vernacular architecture and landscape units. It also aims to propose projects and initiatives for sustainable local development. The work has been made available to the Ministry of Culture of Peru to support its request before UNESCO to include the site in its World Heritage List.
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Koskenvuo, Laura, Pipsa Lunkka, Pirita Varpe, Marja Hyöty, Reetta Satokari, Carola Haapamäki, Anna Lepistö i Ville Sallinen. "Mechanical bowel preparation and oral antibiotics versus mechanical bowel preparation only prior rectal surgery (MOBILE2): a multicentre, double-blinded, randomised controlled trial—study protocol". BMJ Open 11, nr 7 (lipiec 2021): e051269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051269.
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IntroductionMechanical bowel preparation (MBP) prior to rectal surgery is widely used. Based on retrospective data many guidelines recommend mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation (MOABP) to reduce postoperative complications and specifically surgical site infections (SSIs). The primary aim of this study is to examine whether MOABP reduces complications of rectal surgery.Methods and analysisThe MOBILE2 (Mechanical Bowel Preparation and Oral Antibiotics vs Mechanical Bowel Preparation Only Prior Rectal Surgery) trial is a multicentre, double-blinded, parallel group, superiority, randomised controlled trial comparing MOABP to MBP among patients scheduled for rectal surgery with colorectal or coloanal anastomosis. The patients randomised to the MOABP group receive 1 g neomycin and 1 g metronidazole two times on a day prior to surgery and patients randomised to the MBP group receive identical placebo. Based on power calculations, 604 patients will be enrolled in the study. The primary outcome is Comprehensive Complication Index within 30 days after surgery. Secondary outcomes are SSIs within 30 days after surgery, the number and classification of anastomosis dehiscences, the length of hospital stay, mortality within 90 days after surgery and the number of patients who received adjuvant treatment if needed. Tertiary outcomes are overall survival, disease-specific survival, recurrence-free survival and difference in quality-of-life before and 1 year after surgery. In addition, the microbiota differences in colon mucosa are analysed.Ethics and disseminationThe Ethics Committee of Helsinki University Hospital approved the study. The findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed academic journals.Trial registration numberNCT04281667.