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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Collector of Excise"
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Muslim, Hafizh Adam. "Time Series Analysis for Customs Revenue Prediction using Arima Model in Python". Journal of Information Technology and Its Utilization 5, nr 2 (28.12.2022): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.56873/jitu.5.2.4927.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The Directorate General of Customs and Excise (DJBC) serves as a revenue collector in the field of customs and excise. This revenue plays an essential role in supporting infrastructure development. Predictions are needed to plan a good State Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBN). Predictions serve as a tool for revenue optimization and control. However, forecasting is problematic because unpredictable external factors also influence these receipts. A logical and accountable approach is needed to predict acceptance to overcome this problem. The prediction method used is Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA). According to the computations, the Root Mean Square Percentage Error (RMSPE) value is less than 10%, indicating that the ARIMA model estimation is excellent
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Muslim, Hafizh Adam. "NAIVE BAYES ALGORITHM IN HS CODE CLASSIFICATION FOR OPTIMIZING CUSTOMS REVENUE AND MITIGATION OF POTENTIAL RESTITUTION". Journal of Information Technology and Its Utilization 5, nr 1 (30.06.2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.56873/jitu.5.1.4740.
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The Directorate General of Customs and Excise, as a government revenue collector, must maximise import duty receipts each year. One common issue is the return of unpaid import duty and/or administrative punishments in the form of fines based on the objection judgement document. The Tax Court could help you minimise your gross receipts at the Customs Office. Data mining techniques are intended to provide valuable information regarding the HS Code classification technique, which can assist customs agents in determining duties and/or customs values. This study makes use of data from the Notification of Import of Goods at Customs Regional Office XYZ from 2018 to 2020. The Cross-industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) model is used in this study, and the Naive Bayes Algorithm in Rapidminer 9.10 is used for data classification. According to the model, the calculation accuracy is 99.97 percent, the classification error value is 0.03 percent, and the Kappa coefficient is 0.999..
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Kallarackal, Tomy. "An Insight Into the Value Added Tax System Detailing Its Origins, Impact, Provisions and Regulations With Reference to India". Ushus - Journal of Business Management 3, nr 1 (10.01.2004): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12725/ujbm.4.2.
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The Value Added Tax was first introduced in France in 1954. It was the resultant effort of France and members of the European Economic Community (E.E.C) during the 1950s aimed at the simplification of commodity taxes. Currently more than 130 nations in the world have adopted the VAT system. In the last decade alone over 50 nations have introduced VAT. This includes implementation in China and most recently the addition of Australia to the list of VAT nations. The world over, VAT is payable on both goods and services as they constitute a part of the national GDR Excise duty and sales taxes are merged into the singularity of VAT. No tax is levied on exports with full input tax credit made available.
The scheme of taxation adopted by most nations is very simple. The seller of goods and the service provider charge tax on sales, avail input tax credit and pay the difference as VAT to the goVernment treasury. The compliance system in VAT nations is also very simple. There is very less interface between the tax collector and the tax payer. However there are provisions for heavy penalization of VAT defaulters. VAT is administered nationally and is also levied on imports.
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Naveed-ul-Haq, Naveed-ul-Haq. "Understanding the Nitty-Gritty of Up-to-Date of Pakistan’s Customs Act, 1969". Frontiers in Law 2 (2.08.2023): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/2817-2302.2023.02.09.
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Pakistan’s Customs Act, 1969 was enacted consolidating and amending the various laws on Customs. There are mainly six methods of valuation of goods including transaction value method, identical goods method, similar goods method, deductive methods, computed method and fall back method. Under Section 79 of the Act, Goods Declaration is filed duly supported by various documents for assessment of leviable duty and taxes. In case of misdeclaration, untrue statement or error etc. section 32 comes into play. Search Warrant is to be obtained by the Gazetted Officer of Customs from the Judicial Magistrate to recover the secreted goods under Section 162 of the Act, Seizure of things liable to confiscation is made under Section 168 of the Act. Section 156 provides the scope of offence(s), nature of breach and penalty thereof. Section 187 of the Act fixes initial burden of proof upon the person involved, which may be rebutted by the Customs authorities. The purpose of adjudication includes confiscation of goods, recovery of duty and other taxes not levied or short levied, recovery of erroneously refunded amount and imposition of fine. An option to fine in lieu of confiscation of goods can be given under Section 181 of the Act. The pecuniary power of adjudication is provided under Section 179 of the Act, whereas there are Appellate forums available in the form of Collector Appeals, Customs Appellate Tribunal and High Court. In addition to this, another mechanism under Alternate Dispute Resolution (ADR) is available under Section 195-C of the Act. In case of commission of cognizable offence, a FIR is lodged and a Special Judge takes cognizance of the offence(s) under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1989. An appeal or Revision can be filed before the Court having the Powers High Court. The main challenge before the Customs is determination of value of goods paid or payable in relation to the item being valued. In case inaccurate value, either it is the business class who suffers or the state’s fiscal interests are jeopardized on account of lack of requisite capacity of the Customs Officer to successfully address the issue of value of goods and pass the buck onto the importer for charging misdeclaration and a lengthy process of adjudication is initiated against the importer and exporter as well as Clearing Agent as this value holds good for the imposition of Sales Tax, Income Tax and Federal Excise duty.
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Novak, Natalia, Mikhail Kotsupatryi i Mykola Kucherenko. "Accounting, functions and features of excise collection in Ukraine". University Economic Bulletin, nr 46 (1.09.2020): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2020-46-89-94.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The subject of research is theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of accounting, defining the functions and collection of excise duty in the system of taxation of socio-economic and economic activities. The purpose of the work is to identify the features of collection and accounting of excise duty in Ukraine, as well as its functions in filling the local and state budgets, development of areas for improvement. The methodological basis of the article were both general and special methods of scientific knowledge. In the process of writing the article methods were used: monographic, system-structural analysis and synthesis, statistical and economic, accounting. Results of work. The paper reveals that the excise duty occupies a special place in the taxation system, performing fiscal and regulatory functions. However, it does not have fixed accrual rates. It varies according to the products or product groups to which it is charged. It also noted its leading role in filling the local and state budgets of the country. Field of application of results. The conclusions of the article can be used in the educational and scientific process of higher education institutions, the work of rural communities, local governments, fiscal services. Conclusions. The analysis of the process of formation of excise taxation in Ukraine and the application of this tax allows us to conclude that the issue of improving the system of excise administration remains relevant. The fundamental principle of developing a new, optimal concept of taxation should be the establishment of such rules for determining and paying excise duties, which would limit the possibility of tax evasion by both legal and illegal methods.
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Fuerstenau, D. W. "Excess nonequilibrium collector adsorption and flotation rates". Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration 18, nr 2 (maj 2001): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03402876.
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Mariskin, Oleg I. "Tax Regulation of the Brewing Industry in Russia in the First Half of the 19th Century". Economic History 18, nr 2 (30.06.2022): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2409-630x.057.018.202202.113-118.
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Introduction. In article influence of the excise taxation on development of the brewing industry and business during early industrial changes of Russia in the first half of the 19th century is investigated. Direct dependence of brewing production on the size of excises duties: low profitability and an inefficiency of plants were caused both high rates of an excise, and ways of its collection. Results and Discussion. The abolition of farming and the transition to state-owned sales since 1819 had a positive impact on the brewing industry. This was the period of the rise of brewing, the formation of the national brewing industry in the form of a manufactory. The return in 1827 to farming again led to the restriction of the beer trade and, ultimately, to a reduction in the volume of the brewing industry. In order to further increase income in 1847, excise-farm commission was introduced, combining the methods of state-owned and farmed-out sale of vodka and beer. After the introduction of the excise commission, private brewing began to decline significantly. The characteristic features of the regional brewing industry were the widespread use of manual labor, low productivity and the predominance of small enterprises. Conclusion. In the first half of the 19th century in Russia brewing, in terms of the volume of production and consumption of beer, and state revenues, was by no means as important as the distillery industry. The low profitability and inefficiency of small and medium-sized plants were due to both high excise rates and the methods of its collection.
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Chansamut, Artaphon. "Supply Chain Information Model for Revenue Collection of the Excise Department in Thailand". International Journal of Supply Chain Management 12, nr 1 (27.02.2023): 90–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.59160/ijscm.v12i1.6098.
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The purpose of this research aim to develop supply chain information model for Revenue collection of the excise department in Thailand. Theresearch was conducted with research and development method using questionnaires, and the model was assessed by experts. The research found there were four type the supply chain information model for Revenue collection of the excise department in Thailand namely main elements , Supplier, the excise department, and Customers. The data analysed by using arithmetic mean and standard deviation . supply chain information model for Revenue collection of the excise department in Thailand using Back-Box technique. The results from experts have evaluated the model and commented that the model is high level and can be used to develop information system.
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Wahyu Hidayat i Aditya Subur Purwana. "Judicial Review of Customs Billing in Bankrupt Debtor". Customs Research and Applications Journal 1, nr 1 (10.12.2019): 78–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31092/craj.v1i1.18.
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Research aims to determine the position privilege of Indonesian Customs and Excise to be fulfilled first thanother debts, Indonesian Customs and Excise’s as a Preferred Creditor for bonded zone companies that havebankrupt and define effectiveness of the confiscation process as the Commercial Court Decision on bondedzone companies that have assets outside Indonesia. Research method that is being used is juridical normativemethod. The results showed that Indonesian Customs and Excise position as preferred creditor remained inaccordance with the Customs Regulations. However along with the breakthroughs in legal issues and legaldevelopments, the state's position as the preferred creditor is no longer a priority. Legal issues arising relatedto the implementation of confiscation of debtors who have assets abroad will be constrained by the principleof state sovereignty which can impact on the portion of Indonesian Customs and Excise’s debt collectionobligations. Based on the results of the study it was concluded that Indonesian Customs and Excise has thepreferential right to fulfill bankruptcy debtors even with the shift in priority payments by labor wages, so theeffort that must be done is to mitigate risks before bankruptcy and the maximum collection. The universalprinciple in implementing bankruptcy decisions will make it difficult for the execution of debtor assets outsideof Indonesian jurisdiction.
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Baladiah, Riza Sitanala Putra, i Anna Silviana. "Peran Direktorat Jenderal Bea dan Cukai Bandar Lampung Terhadap Larangan Impor Pakaian Bekas". Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 23, nr 1 (28.02.2023): 900. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v23i1.2905.
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Imported used clothing is a big problem for the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, there are many factors that make used clothing illegal, ranging from harming domestic clothing producers to threatening public health because it contains various kinds of bacteria and infectious diseases. This study will examine the role of the Directorate General of Customs and Excise against the ban on the import of used clothing and the obstacles in implementing the ban on imported used clothing in Bandar Lampung. The type of research used in this research is normative-empirical legal research and descriptive research type. The problem approach used is normative-empirical. The data used are primary data and tertiary legal materials. Data processing is carried out by examining data, reconstructing data, and data systematics. The collected data was then analyzed qualitatively. The results of the research and discussion show that the Directorate General of Customs and Excise at the Bandar Lampung Regional Office has an important role in supervising imported goods entering the Lampung area, this is stipulated in the Regulation of the Director General of Customs and Excise Number 53 of 2010 concerning Management of Supervision of the Director General Customs and Excises. The obstacles faced by the Directorate General of Customs and Excise in carrying out the task of supervising imported goods that are prohibited from entering are 1. high demand; 2. lack of socialization of regulations; 3. geographic location; 4. Human resources that do not support. These factors make it difficult for the Directorate General of Customs and Excise to supervise. This shows that the role in carrying out supervision carried out by the Directorate General of Customs and Excise is still not effective and has been realized until now.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Collector of Excise"
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Keefe, Martha L. (Martha Lundin). "Excuses for the Universe". Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc504600/.
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We create fictions--personal and literary--to cope with fear, and it is our choice whether or not these inventions affirm life. This collection presents many ways of "making excuses for the universe," both from a personal standpoint and also by using the voices and visions of created characters. The collection contains a section of family poems and three sets of character poems: Beverly and Nanci, Strange Mary, and Blue Donna. Following each section are two related poems for transition or amplification. The poems show a progressive change in writing techniques, especially experimentation with sound, as well as pursuing the central theme that perception is a desirable goal, well worth the price.
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Ma, Jianqiang. "Photodissociation Dynamics and Collision Energy Transfer of Highly Excited SO2". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/213110.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
ChemistryPh.D.
As one of the simplest tri-atomic molecules, SO2 is extremely important in various fields in chemistry. SO2 is released by volcanoes and various industrial processes including combustion of sulfur containing fuel, and is well known to be the key chemical that causes the acid rain on earth. Therefore, SO2 has been studied intensively in both atmospheric chemistry as well as combustion chemistry. SO2 has also been discovered in extraterrestrial environment. For example, it is reported to be the most abundant gas observed in the atmosphere of Jupiter's moon, Io[1]. It has therefore generated great interests in the planetary chemistry as well. Even though understanding the structure, spectroscopy and reaction dynamics of SO2 has been of great and fundamental interests for more than 50 years, there are yet some very interesting topics, particularly those related to highly excited SO2, that require further investigations. In this thesis, we combine time-resolved Fourier transform infrared emission spectroscopy with theoretical modeling to study selected interesting problems relevant to highly excited SO2. First, the photodissociation of SO2 molecule by 193 nm photons is investigated. The role of different predissociation channels of electronically excited SO2 is carefully defined. Secondly, the excitation of SO2 by hot H atoms, a topic important in combustion and atmospheric chemistry, is examined. The energy transfer mechanism is identified and discussed. This newly discovered energy transfer mechanism involves the formation of the reactive intermediate species, which will greatly enhance the energy transfer efficiency on top of the classical impulsive type of collision mechanisms. In addition, the collision quenching of highly vibrationally excited SO2 with about 32,000 cm-1 energy is studied. It is found that the long range interactions contribute significantly to vibration to vibration (V-V) energy transfer. The contributions from both long range and impulsive mechanisms are discussed in detail. The studies presented in this thesis have provided important insight on the collision energy transfer and reaction dynamics of highly excited SO2 that would be useful in assessing the behavior of this important molecule in atmospheric, planetary, and combustive environments.
Temple University--Theses
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Serwaah, Bonsu Amma. "Comparative retrospective analysis assessment of extracellular volume excess in hypertensive hemodialysis patients". Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5040.
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Cardiovascular disease, including hypertension, accounts for almost 50% of the deaths in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis (HD) yet hypertension remains very poorly controlled in this population. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively compare control of hypertension in hemodialysis (HD) patients when extracellular volume (ECV) was assessed and managed by clinical parameters and physical assessment data alone with control of hypertension when data from blood volume monitoring (BVM) technology was also used to assess and manage ECV in a freestanding outpatient hemodialysis unit. The main cause of hypertension in the ESRD population has been identified as increased ECV most likely secondary to increased interdialytic weight gain and failure to attain and maintain patient's dry weight. HD nurses often employ clinical parameters along with physical examination to determine a patient's pre, intra, and post dialytic fluid status and this approach can have a high index of error. BVM technology is being used in many hemodialysis units to assist with assessment of ECV. A comparative retrospective chart review was used to collect data for this project. A descriptive, cross-sectional design was employed to answer the question: "Are hypertensive hemodialysis patients who dialyze in a freestanding dialysis unit, where BVM technology is utilized, more likely to be normotensive as defined by a pre dialysis blood pressure of less than 140/90 and post dialysis blood pressure less than 130/80"? A pilot study was conducted to determine if the patient population and data were available in existing patient records for extrapolation. Approval for the study was obtained from the University IRB. A convenience sample was obtained from the records of patients meeting the inclusion criteria.; Variables were measured and analyzed using descriptive statistics such as sampled paired T-test to compare pre and post BVM systolic, diastolic blood pressures, intradialytic weight gain, serum Albumin and sodium levels, and hemoglobin. A p-value of 0.05 was assigned for statistical significance. Data analysis showed there were statisticaly significant differences in the pre dialysis systolic blood pressure, post BVM, and the serum sodium pre and post BVM when the two groups were compared These statistically significant findings support a correlation between reduction in the HD patient's ECV and improved blood pressure control. The reduction of pre-dialysis SBP was significant because many patients on hemodialysis have systolic hypertension that may or may not coexist with diastolic hypertension. The findings of this study may be used to formulate a protocol to be used in the HD units where the BVM is available. The protocol would rely on accurate nursing assessment of clinical parameters, patient verbalizations of symptoms, and the routine use of the BVM in order to continuously assess the patient's fluid status. Future research recommendations include conducting the study in a population closer to the national sample, a study where glucose readings and /or hemoglobin A1C levels are measured to assess the impact of glucose on ECV, and which antihypertensive class of medication works best with BVM technology to effectively manage hypertension in this population.ID: 029808737; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (D.N.P.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 74-81).
D.N.P.
Doctorate
Nursing
Nursing Practice
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Dah, Mustafa A. "Essays on the Effect of Excess Compensation and Governance Changes on Firm Value". Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5179.
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This dissertation consists of three essays on the effect of excess compensation and corporate governance changes on the firm's performance. The first paper utilizes a cost minimization stochastic frontier approach to investigate the efficiency of director total compensation. Our findings suggest that board members are over compensated. We show that, on average, the director actual compensation level is above the efficient compensation level by around 63%. Our results suggest that an increase in director excess compensation decreases the likelihood of CEO turnover, reduces the turnover-performance sensitivity, and increases managerial entrenchment. Thus, the surplus in director compensation is directly associated with managerial job security and entrenchment. Furthermore, although director excess compensation is not significantly inversely related to the firm's future performance, it has an indirect negative effect on future performance through its impact on the entrenchment-performance relationship. Therefore, this essay proposes that the overcompensation of directors is directly associated with a board culture predicated by mutual back-scratching and collusion between the CEO and the board members. The second essay tests the effect of an exogenous shock, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002, on the structure of corporate boards and their efficiency as a monitoring mechanism. The results suggest an increase in the participation of independent directors at the expense of insiders. Consequently, we investigate the implications of board composition changes on CEO turnover and firm value. We document a noticeable reduction in CEO turnover in the post-SOX period. We also demonstrate that, after SOX, a board dominated by independent directors is less likely to remove a CEO due to poor performance. Finally, we highlight a negative association between the change in board composition and firm value. We propose that our findings are predicated on an off equilibrium result whereby firms were forced to modify their endogenously chosen board composition. Therefore, contrary to the legislators' objectives, we suggest that the change in board structure brought about inefficient monitoring and promoted an unfavorable tradeoff between independent directors and insiders. The third essay examines the relationship between the firm's governance structure and its value during different economic conditions. We show that both relative industry turnover and CEO entrenchment increase during economic downturns. We also find that relative industry turnover and managerial entrenchment have opposite impacts on the value of the firm throughout the recessionary period. While industry turnover leads to an appreciation in firm value, managerial entrenchment reduces shareholders' wealth. The negative impact of managerial entrenchment on firm value, however, outweighs the positive impact of industry turnover. Accordingly, we propose that a recession provides managers with a good opportunity to camouflage their behavior and extract more private benefits and, thus, blame the poor performance on bad economic conditions.ID: 031001341; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Title from PDF title page (viewed April 15, 2013).; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references.
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Business Administration
Business Administration; Finance
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Howerton, Peggie A. "Path to chaos : excess, absence and anarchy in Tennyson's Idylls of the King". Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 1993. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/RTD/id/24015.
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Pauszek, Raymond Francis. "Excited state charge redistribution and dynamics of flavins, flavorproteins, and their cofactors". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/245456.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
ChemistryPh.D.
The excited state electronic structures of several biologically important chromophores were studied by Stark spectroscopy. The extent of charge redistribution upon excitation to the lowest excited states of the oxidized and semiquinone forms of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) bound to the light activated DNA repair enzyme DNA photolyase have been studied previously by this technique. This work focuses on the catalytically active form, the two-electron reduced anion. To facilitate analysis of this experiment, the Stark spectra of a simple flavin derivative that is soluble in organic solvents was measured. The results of the analysis of these data are in agreement with previously a published linear dichroism experiment that found the absorption spectrum of flavins in this redox state arises from two distinct electonic transitions in the visible/near-ultraviolet spectral range, a fact that has not been incorporated into the analysis of many ultrafast spectroscopic experiments of reduced anionic flavins/flavoproteins. The difference dipole moment of the second, more intense, transition was found to be about twice as large as that of the lowest energy transition. With the aid of ab initio calculations, the directions of these dipole moments in the molecular frame were assigned. For both transitions, it was found that negative charge density is shifted toward the xylene ring of the flavin upon excitation. Another important consideration for the correct analysis of the photolyase spectra is the possibility of contamination by small amounts of the antenna chromophore, which also has absorption intensity in the near-ultraviolet region. We chose to study the cofactor for E. coli photolyase, 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate, and its photodecomposition product, 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate. The difference dipole moments for the lowest energy transitions of both of these chromophores were found to be quite large, ranging from 9-12 D fc and lying primarily along the transition dipole moment. Additionally, the difference polarizability of both chromophores was large, on the order of 200-300 Å3 fc2 . The Stark spectra of reduced anionic FAD in photolyase agrees well with the findings of the experiments on flavin in organic solvent; the magnitude of the difference dipole moments in both cases match within experimental error. While the direction of the difference dipole moment for the lowest transition is also the same in both cases, that of the second transition is changed in the protein matrix. The assignment of these vectors in the molecular frame shows that the two dipole moments are coincident for the cofactor bound to photolyase. This finding, where electron density is shifted toward the point of the flavin ring closes to the DNA lesion bound to the enzyme, is strong evidence that direct electron transfer takes place from the isoalloxazine ring of FAD to the DNA substrate in the catalytic cycle. The usefulness of Stark spectroscopy in investigating photoinduced charge redistribution was also shown for the donor-π-acceptor flavin dyad, azobenzylflavin (ABFL). The difference dipole moment was found to be 22 D, an approximately three-fold increase from the largest difference dipole moment found in naturally occurring flavins. This extensive charge redistribution corresponds to a large hyperpolarizability of the chromophore that suggests that ABFL may be useful in nonlinear optical applications. Transient absorption was used to supplement these experiments by monitoring the decay kinetics of ABFL after excitation. It was found that ABFL undergoes ultrafast charge recombination within 6 ps after excitation, leading to depopulation of the charge separated state before useful work can be performed for applications requiring electron transfer. These studies provide the ground work for rational design of other ABFL-like derivatives for use in a variety of applications.
Temple University--Theses
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Barnard, David Thomas. "EXCITED STATE DYNAMICS AND CHARGE REDISTRIBUTION OF EXTREMOPHILE DNA PHOTOLYASE AND FLAVIN COFACTORS". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/597264.
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ChemistryPh.D.
Repair mechanisms for damaged DNA are essential for the proliferation of nearly all forms of life. Although DNA is quite robust, the vital information-storing molecule can often be damaged from environmental exposures such as ultra-violet (UV) light. Exposure to UV light can result in various types of mutagens creating structural damages. One specific type of UV-induced damage is the creation of a cyclobutylpyrimidine dimer (CPD). This specific type of lesion can be efficiently repaired by the flavoenzyme DNA photolyase (PL). DNA photolyase is an ancient protein found across kingdoms and plays a crucial role in preventing mutagenesis and cell death. DNA photolyase is a monomeric flavoprotein that utilizes blue light to repair UV-induced CPD lesions in DNA via an electron transfer mechanism. All photolyases contain at least one flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) molecule as the catalytic cofactor responsible for initiating the electron transfer induced repair process. Flavin cofactors are intriguing because of their unique ability to donate one or two electrons. The conservation of FAD and the unique U-shaped configuration of FAD in PL led researchers to question if the adenine moiety of the FAD molecule was essential in the DNA repair mechanism and generated a spectral signature indicative of a radical adenine species. The importance of the adenine moiety could be linked to structural changes associated with environmental temperature. The rate of electron transfer is exponentially dependent on temperature and DNA photolyase is found in organisms which thrive in harsh environments that vary in temperature, pH, ionic strength etc. Photolyase presents a unique opportunity to study the adaptations that are required for proteins to function in extreme environments where temperature dependent processes should show dramatic differences. We have used ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy to compare the similarities and differences in excited state dynamics of the FAD cofactor. Photolyase isolated from the hyperthermophilic archaea Sulfolobus solfataricus (SsPL) is compared to PL isolated from the mesophilic E. coli (EcPL). These results indicate differences in the dynamics of fully reduced flavin between enzymes as a function of temperature. We present evidence for charge separation in the FAD cofactor in the thermophilic enzyme previously seen in computation studies of photolyase. To investigate the excited state charge redistribution of flavin which is critical to its role in nature, the charge redistribution of the precursors to flavin biosynthesis were examined. Lumazine is a precursor in the biosynthetic pathway of flavins. As such, lumazine could have served as an enzymatic cofactor prior to flavins. Lumazine has been identified in biological processes, however it is not as prevalent as flavins. We utilize Stark spectroscopy to examine the charge redistribution in excited state lumazine to understand
Temple University--Theses
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Hales, Katherine J. "Synthesis, Characterizations, and Evaluation of New Reactive Two-Photon Absorbing Dyes for Two-Photon Excited Fluorescence Imaging Applications". Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3575.
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Recent, cooperative advances in chemistry, biology, computing, photophysics, optics, and microelectronics have resulted in extraordinary developments in the biological sciences, resulting in the emergence of a novel area termed 'biophotonics'. The integrative and interdisciplinary nature of biophotonics cuts across virtually all disciplines, extending the frontiers of basic cellular, molecular, and biology research through the clinical and pharmaceutical industries. This holds true for the development and application of the novel imaging modality utilizing multiphoton absorption and its extraordinary contribution to recent advances in bioimaging. Intimately involved in the revolution of nonlinear bioimaging has been the development of optical probes for probing biological function and activity. The focus of this dissertation is in the area of probe development, particularly conjugated organic probes, optimized for efficient two-photon absorption followed by upconverted fluorescence for nonlinear, multiphoton bioimaging applications. Specifically, [pi]-conjugated fluorene molecules, with enhanced two-photon absorbing (2PA) properties and high photostability, were prepared and characterized. Contemporary synthetic methods were utilized to prepare target fluorene derivatives expected to be highly fluorescent for fluorescence imaging, and, in particular, exhibit high two-photon absorptivity suitable for two-photon excitation (2PE) fluorescence microscopy. The flexibility afforded through synthetic manipulation to integrate hydrophilic moieties into the fluorophore architecture to enhance compatibility with aqueous systems, more native to biological samples, was attempted. Incorporation of functional groups for direct covalent attachment onto target biomolecules was also pursued to prepare fluorene derivatives as efficient 2PA reactive probes. Linear and two-photon spectroscopic characterizations on these novel compounds reveal they exhibit high 2PA cross-sections on the order of ~100 GM units, nearly an order of magnitude greater than typical, commonly used fluorophores utilized in nonlinear, multiphoton microscopy imaging of biological samples. Photostability studies of representative fluorene derivatives investigated and quantified indicate these derivatives are photostable under one- and two-photon excitation conditions, with photodecomposition quantum yields on the order of 10[super-5]. Preliminary cytotoxicity studies indicate these fluorene derivatives exhibit minimal cytotoxic effects on proliferating cells. Finally, their ultimate utility as high-performance, 2PA fluorescent probes in 2PE fluorescence microscopy imaging of biological samples was demonstrated in both fixed and live cells. Due to the low cytotoxicity, high photostability, efficient 2PA, and high fluorescence quantum yield, the probes were found suitable for relatively long-term, two-photon fluorescence imaging of live cells, representing a significant advance in biophotonics.Ph.D.
Department of Chemistry
Arts and Sciences
Biomolecular Sciences: Ph.D.
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yu, shenjiang. "NEW DEVELOPMENTS ON HIGH-RESOLUTION LUMINESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY AND THEIR APPLICATION TO THE DIRECT ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS". Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4075.
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Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), which comprise a complex class of condensed multi-ring benzenoid compounds, are important environmental pollutants originating from a wide variety of natural and anthropogenic sources. PACs are generally formed during incomplete combustion of pyrolisis of organic matter containing carbon and hydrogen. Because combustion of organic materials is involved in countless natural processes or human activities, PACs are omnipresent and abundant pollutants in air, soil, and water. Chemical analysis of PACs is of great environmental and toxicological importance. Many of them are highly suspect as etiological agents in human cancer. Because PACs carcinogenic properties strongly depend on molecular structure and differ significantly from isomer to isomer, it is of paramount importance to determine the most toxic isomers even if they are present at much lower concentrations than their less toxic isomers. Gas chromatography (GC), high-resolution GC, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are the basis for standard PACs identification and determination. Many cases exist where GC, HPLC, and even HR-GC have not been capable to provide unambiguous isomer identification. The lack of reliable analytical data has lead to serious errors in environmental and toxicological studies. This dissertation deals with the development of novel instrumentation and analytical methods for the analysis of PACs in environmental samples. The developed methodology is based on two well-known high-resolution luminescence techniques, namely Shpol'skii Spectroscopy (SS) and Fluorescence Line Narrowing Spectroscopy (FLNS). Although these two techniques have long been recognized for their capability in providing direct determination of target PACs in complex environmental samples, several reasons have hampered their widespread use for the problem at hand. These include inconvenient sample freezing procedures; questions about signal reproducibility; lengthy spectral acquisition, which might cause severe sample degradation due to prolonged excitation; broadband fluorescence background that degrades quality of spectra, precision of measurements and detection limits; solvent constrains imposed by the need of optically transparent media; and, most importantly, the lack of selectivity and sensitivity for unambiguous determination of closely related PACs metabolites. This dissertation presents significant advances on all fronts. The analytical methodology is then extended to the analysis of fluoroquinolones (FQs) in aqueous samples. FQs are one of the most powerful classes of antibiotics currently used for the treatment of urinary tract infections. Their widespread use in both human and animal medicine has prompted their appearance in aquatic systems. The search for a universal method capable to face this new environmental challenge has been centered on HPLC. Depending on the FQ and its concentration level, successful determination has been accomplished with mass spectrometry, room-temperature fluorescence (RTF) or UV absorption spectrometry. Unfortunately, no single detection mode has shown the ability to detect all FQ at the concentration ratios found in environmental waters. We provide a feasible alternative based on FLNS. On the instrumentation side, we present a single instrument with the capability to collect multidimensional data formats in both the fluorescence and the phosphorescence time domains. We demonstrate the ability to perform luminescence measurements in highly scattering media by comparing the precision of measurements in optically transparent solvents (Shpol'skii solvents) to those obtained in "snow-like" matrixes and solid samples. For decades, conventional low-temperature methodology has been restricted to optically transparent media. This restriction has limited its application to organic solvents that freeze into a glass. In this dissertation, we remove this limitation with the use of cryogenic fiber-optic probes. Our final efforts deal with low-temperature absorption measurements. Recording absorption spectra via transmittance through frozen matrixes is a challenging task. The main reason is the difficulty to overcome the strong scattering light reaching the detector. This is particularly true when thick samples are necessary for recording absorption spectra of weak oscillators. In the case of strongly fluorescent compounds, additional errors in absorbance measurements arise from the emission reaching the detector, which might have comparable intensity to that of the transmitted light. We present a fundamentally different approach to low-temperature absorption measurements as the sought-for-information is the intensity of laser excitation returning from the frozen sample to the intensified-charge coupled device (ICCD). Laser excitation is collected with the aid of a cryogenic fiber optic probe. The feasibility of our approach is demonstrated with single-site and multiple-site Shpol'skii systems. 4.2K absorption spectra show excellent agreement to their literature counterparts recorded via transmittance with closed cycle cryogenators. Fluorescence quantum yields measured at room-temperature compare well to experimental data acquired in our lab via classical methodology. Similar agreement is observed between 77K fluorescence quantum yields and previously reported data acquired with classical methodology. We then extend our approach to generate original data on fluorescence quantum yields at 4.2K.Ph.D.
Department of Chemistry
Sciences
Chemistry: Ph.D.
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Kodali, Goutham. "Excited state electronic properties of DNA photolyase and fluorescent nucleobase analogues (FBA): An experimental and theoretical study". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2009. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/58803.
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ChemistryPh.D.
An overexposure to ultraviolet radiation can cause sunburn and some forms of skin cancer. UV light causes many different photoproducts. The cys-syn cyclobutylpyrimidine dimer (CPD) is the major photoproduct upon UV irradiation. DNA photolyase (PL) is a light-driven flavoprotein that repairs CPD in UV-damaged DNA. This repair process occurs in the presence of blue light through ultrafast photo-induced electron transfer from reduced anionic flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH¯) to the CPD by an unknown mechanism. Since the excited state flavin transfers an electron to repair the damaged DNA, it is of utmost importance that we understand better the excited state properties of the flavins. In this work the excited state electronic properties of all three-oxidation states of flavin: oxidized form (FAD), semiquinone radical form (FADH•) and reduced anionic form (FADH¯) were studied using Stark spectroscopy and complimented by time dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations. These results are presented and discussed in Chapter 3 and 4. The difference dipole moments (Δμ) and the difference polarizabilities (Tr(Δα01)) were experimentally determined for first two lowest optically accessible states. The results are discussed in the context of photoreduction of flavins in wider class of flavoprotein blue light photoreceptors and catalytic electron transfer process in DNA repair. In the later part of this thesis (Chapters 5 and 6) the excited state electronic properties of monomeric 2-Aminopurine (2AP), 8-Vinyladenine 8VA were presented. These 8VA, 2AP are examples of fluorescent nucleotide analogues of adenine that can be incorporated into DNA with little perturbation of the normal double-helical structure. The fluorescence of these analogues is quenched when incorporated in double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). The basic mechanism underlying the fluorescence quenching by base stacking of 2AP and 8VA are is not well understood, and thus exploring the excited state electronic structures of these bases is an important first step. We have explored the excited state properties of 2AP and 8VA in frozen LiCl and ethanol solutions using Stark spectroscopy. High-level ab initio and TD-DFT calculations were performed to compliment the experimental results.
Temple University--Theses
Książki na temat "Collector of Excise"
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McIntosh, Dave. The collectors: A history of Canadian customs and excise. Toronto: New Press, 1985.
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Washington (State). Dept. of Revenue. Compliance Division. Steps in the tax collection process. [Olympia, Wash.?]: The Dept., 1993.
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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Treasury Committee. HM Customs and excise: Collection of excise duties : report and proceedings of the committee, minutes of evidence. London: Stationery Office, 2001.
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Any excuse for a party: Collected stories. London: Hutchinson, 1991.
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L, Barker A. Any excuse for a party: Collected stories. London: Vintage, 1992.
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Im, Seongil, Youn-Gyoung Chang i Jae Hoon Kim. Photo-Excited Charge Collection Spectroscopy. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6392-0.
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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Treasury Committee. HM Customs and Excise: Collection of excise duties : the government's response to the committee's sixth report of session 2000-01. London: Stationery Office, 2001.
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Great Britain. Customs and Excise. Glasgow Collection. Executive unit framework. Glasgow: The Collection, 1991.
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1737-1809, Paine Thomas, red. Thomas Paine: The case of the King of England and his officers of excise. Purley: G. Hindmarch, 1998.
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Republic, Dominican. Ley no. 495-06 sobre rectificación tributaria: Gaceta Oficial no. 10400 del 29 de diciembre del 2006. Santo Domingo, Rep. Dom: [s.n.], 2006.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Collector of Excise"
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Hutabarat, Bosker Edward, Prihatin Lumbanraja i Isfenti Sadalia. "Analysis of Workload, Employee Placement, and Employee Engagement on Employee Job Satisfaction at Medan Customs and Excise Office". W Proceedings of the 19th International Symposium on Management (INSYMA 2022), 571–79. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-008-4_73.
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AbstractOne of the important aspects of human resource management is measuring employee job satisfaction. Job satisfaction is an individual’s general attitude towards his job. This study analyzes the influence of workload, employee placement, and employee engagement on employee job satisfaction at Medan Customs and Excise Office. The study was conducted on 71 employees of Medan Customs and Excise Office. Data collection technique using a survey method was used by distributing questionnaires and processed by SPSS. The study results show that workload, employee placement, and employee engagement simultaneously influence employee job satisfaction; the workload has a significantly negative influence on employee job satisfaction, employee placement has a significantly positive influence on employee job satisfaction, and employee engagement has a significantly positive influence on employee job satisfaction. This study can provide input and consideration for the Medan Customs and Excise Office on the influence of workload, employee placement, and employee engagement on employee job satisfaction.
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Im, Seongil, Youn-Gyoung Chang i Jae Kim. "Device Stability and Photo-Excited Charge-Collection Spectroscopy". W SpringerBriefs in Physics, 1–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6392-0_1.
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Torotcoi, Simona, Delia Gologan i Anastasia Kurysheva. "What Works for Underrepresented Groups? Identifying Effective Measures for Enhancing Access to Higher Education in Europe". W European Higher Education Area: Challenges for a New Decade, 177–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56316-5_13.
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Abstract Over the last three decades, policy-makers have developed numerous measures, policies, projects and programs with the intention to increase the enrolment and participation of underrepresented groups, however, little is known about the ways in which such initiatives shape opportunities for potential students. Knowing which of these initiatives work and whether they are achieving their intended goals is of utmost importance for policy-makers across Europe. This paper aims to collect, document, scrutinize and critically analyze the current research literature which assesses the effectiveness of different public initiatives at Higher Education Institutions’ (HEIs) level for widening access for underrepresented groups and, at the same time, to identify gaps and make recommendations for potential further research. The 17 identified studies can be categorized based on the access measures they analyze: (1) outreach, counselling and mentoring of prospective students; (2) financial aid measures, and (3) preparatory courses and programs. The findings show that there are little research and information about the actual outcomes of most measures to increase access to HE. We found a lack of adequate, reliable and consistently collected data about the policy instruments already put to practice. Since there is no excuse for the lack of effective action towards more equitable educational systems, more evidence-based approaches will be necessary to learn from these specific access measures and move forward towards more efficient equity policies.
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Aggelis, Dimitrios G., Markus G. R. Sause, Pawel Packo, Rhys Pullin, Steve Grigg, Tomaž Kek i Yu-Kun Lai. "Acoustic Emission". W Structural Health Monitoring Damage Detection Systems for Aerospace, 175–217. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72192-3_7.
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AbstractAcoustic emission (AE) is one of the most promising methods for structural health monitoring (SHM) of materials and structures. Because of its passive and non-invasive nature, it can be used during the operation of a structure and supply information that cannot be collected in real time through other techniques. It is based on the recording and study of the elastic waves that are excited by irreversible processes, such as crack nucleation and propagation. These signals are sensed by transducers and are transformed into electric waveforms that offer information on the location and the type of the source. This chapter intends to present the basic principles, the equipment, and the recent trends and applications in aeronautics, highlighting the role of AE in modern non-destructive testing and SHM. The literature in the field is vast; therefore, although the included references provide an idea of the basics and the contemporary interest and level of research and practice, they are just a fraction of the total possible list of worthy studies published in the recent years.
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Tanyag, Rico Mayro P., Bruno Langbehn, Thomas Möller i Daniela Rupp. "X-Ray and XUV Imaging of Helium Nanodroplets". W Topics in Applied Physics, 281–341. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94896-2_7.
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AbstractX-ray and extreme ultraviolet (XUV) coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) have the advantage of producing high resolution images with current spatial resolution of tens of nanometers and temporal resolution of tens of femtoseconds. Modern developments in the production of coherent, ultra-bright, and ultra-short X-ray and XUV pulses have even enabled lensless, single-shot imaging of individual, transient, non-periodic objects. The data collected in this technique are diffraction images, which are intensity distributions of the scattered photons from the object. Superfluid helium droplets are ideal systems to study with CDI, since each droplet is unique on its own. It is also not immediately apparent what shapes the droplets would take or what structures are formed by dopant particles inside the droplet. In this chapter, we review the current state of research on helium droplets using CDI, particularly, the study of droplet shape deformation, the in-situ configurations of dopant nanostructures, and their dynamics after being excited by an intense laser pulse. Since CDI is a rather new technique for helium nanodroplet research, we also give a short introduction on this method and on the different light sources available for X-ray and XUV experiments.
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Yueyang, Wang, i Philip F. Yuan. "A Parametric Approach Towards Carbon Net Zero in Agricultural Planning". W Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication, 305–14. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8405-3_26.
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AbstractThis paper presents a new tool called the Space Data Generator, which is a parametric tool for organizing open spaces in rural areas. It can optimize the layout of buildings, solar panels, and agricultural planting spaces. While architects have been exploring ways to achieve net-zero carbon emissions in building design, it is equally important to attain a feasible carbon-neutral goal in rural areas. This is particularly crucial as 40% of the world's population resides in rural areas, and transitioning towards a more sustainable and efficient economy can bring about not only moral but also economic benefits through proper management [1].The Space Date Generator offers a powerful spatial planning approach for optimizing and planning agricultural resources on any given land. This innovative tool utilizes a combination of remote sensing to generate precise maps of the land, providing a comprehensive understanding of its terrain and potential agricultural resources. With this information, farmers and land managers can make informed decisions about crop selection, irrigation, and fertilizer application, among other factors. By using the Space Date Generator, they can optimize the use of available resources and maximize crop yields, ultimately increasing profitability and sustainability in agriculture [2].Overall, the Space Date Generator is a valuable tool for any farmer or land manager looking to make the most of their land and resources. Its ability to provide detailed and accurate data on the land's potential agricultural resources can help to streamline decision-making processes and ultimately lead to more efficient and sustainable land use practices. The Space data generator uses the collected site coordinate information, geographical status (including stones, lakes, and water patterns), and the planted plants’ price as input. Divide the site into small squares, then configure enough solar panels in the optimal sunlight area of the site to meet the user's needs, and then plant crops on the remaining land. The Space data generator will analyze the number of calories a household needs each year as a percentage. If there is a surplus, the excess food can be allocated to generate economic outcomes on the market. The land area at hand will be subdivided based on its sun ratio, which is a relatively straightforward process. However, we are also interested in determining the value of excess vegetation that may grow in the allocated space. In this regard, the Space Data Generator can prove to be a valuable tool, not only for this particular scenario but also in other types of agricultural settings such as those involving a mix of livestock and crops. Additionally, it may be possible to use this tool to calculate the optimal harvesting of various plant species at different points in the seasonal cycle.The Space Date Generator has the potential to offer valuable references for optimizing agricultural schemes. However, it must provide users with completely accurate results. Unfortunately, it currently cannot measure crucial factors such as soil type and moisture level, which are essential for agricultural planning. Despite this limitation, the Space Data Generator is a flexible tool that can be modified as research advances, allowing for more inputs to be added to improve its accuracy. Moreover, the Space Data Generator can provide guidance in various other areas based on the specific needs of the user. For instance, it can offer guidelines for traffic and urban design, among other demands. By leveraging this technology, users can access more precise and relevant information, enhancing their decision-making capabilities. As such, the Space Data Generator represents a valuable tool for various industries and sectors.Guidelines:
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Burns, Robert. "417 (1) John Mitchel Esq.: Collector Of Excise, Dumfries". W The Letters of Robert Burns, Vol. 2: 1790–1796 (Second Edition), redaktorzy J. De Lancey Ferguson i G. Ross Roy, 49. Oxford University Press, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oseo/instance.00033565.
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Burns, Robert. "457 (2) John Mitchell Esq., Collector Of Excise, Dumfries". W The Letters of Robert Burns, Vol. 2: 1790–1796 (Second Edition), redaktorzy J. De Lancey Ferguson i G. Ross Roy, 96. Oxford University Press, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oseo/instance.00033607.
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Burns, Robert. "685C. (4) Mr. [John] Mitchell Collector Of Excise Dumfries". W The Letters of Robert Burns, Vol. 2: 1790–1796 (Second Edition), redaktorzy J. De Lancey Ferguson i G. Ross Roy. Oxford University Press, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oseo/instance.00033863.
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Parab, Varsha, Ramesh Mahadik i Diksha Tripathi. "Entrepreneurial Spirit and Ethics". W Indian Business Case Studies Volume VII, 7–14. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192869432.003.0002.
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Abstract In 1989, when the vestiges of the license raj era still wove reams of red tape around Indian businesses, a management trainee at Godrej GE Appliances, Faridabad, office faced a dilemma. An excise tax collector wanted a Diwali ‘gift’ delivered at his residence. ‘Or else …’ The dilemma of employee for demand of government officials and the core ethics of company is the core of this case study. The case talks about history and journey of Godrej and converting into most powerful business of India.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Collector of Excise"
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Modrek, Mohamad, i Ali Al-Alili. "Thermal and Electrical Performance of a Flat Plate Photovoltaic/Thermal Collector". W ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2017-3462.
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Excess temperatures in photovoltaic panels may cause degradation in the panels’ electrical performance in short term. Moreover, photovoltaic cells may be damaged in the long term due to high operating temperatures. Therefore, photovoltaic thermal collectors (PVT)s have been proposed in order to solve these issues. PVT collectors allow the cooling of photovoltaic panels by heat extraction using a working fluid such as water or air. PVT collectors provide higher electrical output than standalone Photovoltaic (PV) panels while occupying a smaller area compared to a single solar thermal and a PV panel for the same capacity. In this study, the performance of a liquid cooled flat PVT collector under the climatic conditions of the United Arab Emirates is going to be investigated. The transient system simulation software (TRNSYS) is used to simulate the PVT system. The PVT system includes the PVT collectors, thermal storage tank, electrical storage, DC/AC inverter, pumps, and controllers. The effect of various design variables on the PVT electrical and thermal output is going to be studied. The design variables are the collector azimuth angle, slope of the collector, volume of the storage tank, and water mass flow rate through the PVT collector. The electrical and thermal outputs of the sized PVT system will be compared to that of a standalone PV panel electrical output and a standalone flat plate collector thermal output. Based on the obtained results, conclusions on the feasibility of using PVT collectors, under the weather conditions of the United Arab Emirates, will be deduced.
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Berghe, Nadejda. "Administration of fiscal revenues by the customs service of the Republic of Moldova". W 26th International Scientific Conference “Competitiveness and Innovation in the Knowledge Economy". Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/cike2022.42.
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Fiscal collections administered by the Customs Service have the largest share in the total of taxes and fees levied in the National Public Budget. These receipts are represented by import-export rights that are collected by the customs authority when goods are introduced or removed from the customs territory of the Republic of Moldova and which, according to the provisions of the Customs Code, include: customs tax, tax for customs procedures, value added tax, excise duties and any other sums due to the state for the import of goods, collected by the customs institution. The purpose of the paper is determined by the analysis of customs statistics from the perspective of taxes and duties collected for import-export operations by the Customs Service of the Republic of Moldova, respectively the examination of their evolution and the contribution to the formation of NPB revenues. The researched subject is the collection of import and export duties for goods brought into or out of the territory of our country. In order to achieve the proposed goal, the research methodology was focused on the method of analysis and synthesis, and the results obtained were interpreted and the relevant conclusions were formulated respectively. The conclusions express the significant contribution of taxes collected on import-export operations as revenues administered by the Customs Service. Thus, analyzing all the taxes and charges levied on import and export and respectively collected as revenues in the national public budget, we found the significant weight held by excises and VAT for the goods produced and imported services compared to those provided on the territory of the Republic of Moldova and which cumulatively with the taxes on foreign trade and foreign operations constitute 37 percent of the total revenues of the NPB or 58 percent of the total taxes and fees.
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Pawar, Vivek R., Mahbube K. Siddiki i Sarvenaz Sobhansarbandi. "Numerical Analysis of a Photovoltaic-Thermal Solar Collector With PCM Embedded in Highly Conductive Porous Material". W ASME 2021 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2021 15th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2021-62974.
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Abstract Solar photovoltaic (PV) system harness the energy from the sunlight and convert into clean electricity to power homes and businesses. During an operation the solar panels get hot, the electrons inside the solar cells pick up that extra heat energy which puts them in a more excited state and when they are already excited, they have less room to absorb the energy from sunlight. As a result, electrical performance of a PV system reduces with increase in solar cell temperature. Efficiency of PV panels can be retained by establishing a hybrid PV-Thermal (PV-T) system. In this study, container filled with phase change material (PCM) embedded in porous metal is attached to back surface of the PV cell. As well as, to extract the excess heat from the PV cell, water is used as a heat transfer fluid (HTF) with constant mass flow rate of 30 kg/hr. During the simulation melting rate of PCM, amount of latent heat energy stored, thermal, electrical and overall efficiencies of the PV panel is studied and compared with the conventional PV-T system. The results show the enhanced melting fraction of PCM by 6% and 8% for the PV-T/PCM/Cu and PV-T/PCM/Al system, respectively compared with PV-T/PCM system. Moreover, in comparison with the conventional PV-T system, the overall efficiency of the PV-T/PCM/Cu and PV-T/PCM/Al is increased by 10.62% and 8.80%, respectively.
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Shuvaev, Nikolay V., Natalia O. Voronova i Kirill A. Vinogradov. "Numerical Stability Analysis of Oil Collector Case Self-Excited Vibrations". W ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-15563.
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Abstract The investigation subject is an Oil Collector Case which is a thin axisymmetric stator part with console binding to the turbine rear frame. It had been suffering from high level vibrations and needed fixing measures to apply. Self-excited vibrations supposed as the main reason for defects to occur. The problem was examined in the engine and test rig conditions. The energetic method which is usually applied to blade flutter problems was used for aeroelastic stability analysis. Radial surface displacements were set according to the harmonic oscillation function that corresponds to the oil collector’s first bending eigenmode with two nodal diameters. 3D aerodynamic model represents a 180° sector, thus ensures that surface displacements and gas parameters on periodic surfaces are equal. A set of simulations was carried out and calculated; the aerodynamic damping coefficient values showed aeroelastic instability predisposition in both the engine and test rig conditions for most test cases. Influence of such model parameters as seal radial clearance, pressure ratio, inlet air temperature, wave propagation direction and rotor speed was investigated. A detailed analysis showed that for instability case positive aerodynamic work region lies inside the oil collector cavern downstream labyrinth seal where pressure wave and surface displacement speed wave are close to synchrony. Probable excitation mechanisms were described and discussed. It was demonstrated that aeroelastic instability of the same type as it was in the engine conditions can be reproduced in the test rig conditions.
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Mishra, Shatadal, Dangli Yang, Carly Thalman, Panagiotis Polygerinos i Wenlong Zhang. "Design and Control of a Hexacopter With Soft Grasper for Autonomous Object Detection and Grasping". W ASME 2018 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2018-9107.
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In this paper, an image based visual servo (IBVS) scheme is developed for a hexacopter, equipped with a robotic soft grasper to perform autonomous object detection and grasping. The structural design of the hexacopter-soft grasper system is analyzed to study the soft grasper’s influence on the multirotor’s aerodynamics. The object detection, tracking and trajectory planning are implemented on a high-level computer which sends position and velocity setpoints to the flight controller. A soft robotic grasper is mounted on the UAV to enable the collection of various contaminants. The use of soft robotics removes excess weight associated with traditional rigid graspers, as well as simplifies the controls of the grasping mechanics. Collected experimental results demonstrate autonomous object detection, tracking and grasping. This pipeline would enable the system to autonomously collect solid and liquid contaminants in water canal based on GPS and multi-camera system. It can also be used for more complex aerial manipulation including in-flight grasping.
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May, Allan, i Tadhg S. O’Donovan. "Convective Heat Transfer in a Helical Coil Solar Thermal Collector". W 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-22114.
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Three dimensional solar concentrators can achieve concentration ratios in excess of 100 and optical efficiencies in excess of 95% throughout the day without the need for tracking. A helical coil heat exchanger has been designed and investigated numerically as the receiver for this solar thermal application. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of a laminar flow in the heat exchanger was developed in ANSYS CFX and a uniform wall flux boundary condition applied to the outer surface. Due to the curvature of the pipe, Dean Vortices were setup within the flow that substantially increased the overall heat transfer to the solar receiver without significantly increasing the pressure drop across the heat exchanger. A full parametric study is conducted to investigate the effects of geometric properties (dimensionless pitch, coil radius etc) and flow variables (Reynolds number, Dean number, Helical number). The variation of the circumferentially averaged heat transfer coefficient with distance along the heat exchanger is reported. It has been shown that the flow is fully developed after approximately 3.5 turns of the heat exchanger coil and will remain stable throughout the remainder of the heat exchanger.
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Darbandi, Masoud, Bagher Abrar, Mohsen Khodadadi Yazdi, Mazdak Zeinali i Gerry E. Schneider. "Theoretical-Experimental Investigation of CO Emission From an Oil Refinery Incinerator". W ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-22066.
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In this paper, we investigate the CO emission from an oil refinery gas incinerator both theoretically and experimentally. At the beginning of this research, our collected data from this incinerator showed that the CO contamination would be far exceeding the permissible environmental standards at the stack exhaust. Therefore, we decided to perform a combined theoretical-experimental study to find a reasonable solution to reduce the CO pollution suitably. Our theoretical study showed that a reliable solution would be to increase the incinerator operating temperature. However, we needed to collect some data from this incinerator to examine if our achieved analytical solution would work correctly. In data collection procedure, we were faced with one major difficulty due to the limits of automatic system of incinerator control, which did not let us increase the incinerator temperature readily in real work conditions. As a general remedy, our suggestion was to interfere in this automatic control system and to increase its maximum possible limit of temperature. Evidently, this needed a number of considerations, which could not be performed in a short length period. As a short length remedy, we designed a number of manual control procedures, which let us examine different temporary working conditions for the incinerator. Trying different operating condition, we eventually found a suitable one with minimum CO emission from the incinerator. Although this choice resulted in an increase in the incinerator temperature and a remedy to reduce the high CO emission, it was inversely increased the incinerator fuel consumption, which is rather a negative point. Our further data collection indicated that the excess air of primary incinerator was relatively high. Therefore, we designed an automatic system of inlet air damper to adjust the inlet air, which resulted in avoiding high excess air and consequently suitable saving in the fuel consumption. The details are provided in the rest of paper.
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Zhu, Y., E. Y. Xu i T. F. Gallagher. "Electron Angular Distributions and Branching Ratios of the SrI 5p3/2ns1/2 and 5p1/2ns1/2 J = 1 Autoionizing States". W Multiple Excitations of Atoms. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/mea.1986.tuc10.
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Measurements of the energy distributions, Branching ratios, and angular distributions of electrons ejected from SrI 5p3/2ns1/2 and 5p1/2ns1/2 J=1 doubly excited states with n ranging from 10 to 20 in the autoionization to the SrII 5s, 4d, and 5p ion state have been made by the techniques of Isolated-Core-Excitation and Time-of-Flight Spectroscopy. The experiment consists of three Nd:YAG laser pumped tunable dye lasers which excite the Sr atoms in an atomic beam from the ground state to the 5p3/2ns1/2 or 5p1/2ns1/2 J=1 autoionizing states. The autoionizing electrons are analyzed in energy and angle by a time of flight analyzer, and the electrons and residual ions are collected by two microchannel plate detectors respectively and sent to the computer through the Boxcar Integrators. The measurements show that the doubly excited SrI 5p3/2ns1/2 and 5p1/2ns1/2 J=1 states autoionize predominantly to the excited SrII 4d ion states with a p or f electron. The asymmetry parameter varies continuously within the line profile of the 5p3/2ns1/2 J=1 states as the manifestation of the localized interaction between the SrI 5p3/2ns1/2 and 5p1/2ns1/2 J=1 autoionizing series. This variation is distinguished from that caused by the interference between the excitation to the bound part of the autoionizing state and underlying continua.
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Steinbach, Albert E., Frank A. Scalzo i Matthew T. Preston. "Generator Collector Brush Holder Testing and Design Improvements". W ASME 2016 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2016-59147.
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Electric generators and synchronous motors with static excitation use rotating slip rings (also known as collector rings) and stationary carbon brushes to transfer the field current from the stationary exciter to the rotating generator field. The carbon brushes experience wear from both mechanical friction and electrical contact with the rings. Therefore, the brushes need to be periodically inspected and replaced. This is often the most frequent maintenance activity for an electric generator. It is generally recognized that if brushes are not changed when worn down, this can result in a damaging condition called a flashover that will usually force the generator offline. Several collector flashovers were investigated to look for other common characteristics with the aim of reducing the risk of flashover occurrence and improving generator reliability. Some features of the generator collector brush holders were identified as significant contributors to collector flashovers and also to other, more common maintenance problems. Several brush holder designs were evaluated with regard to these features and also with regard to feedback received from operators. In addition, an in-house test rig was developed and used to compare multiple, existing brush holder designs and new prototype concepts for brush wear rate and current selectivity. This work led to a new brush holder design that addresses these concerns and has subsequently been successfully tested in a laboratory and at a customer site. That new brush holder design is being applied to both new units and as a retrofit to in-service aftermarket generators.
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Asfar, Khaled R., i Anas Nawafleh. "Techno-Economic Evaluation of Low-Temperature Stirling Engine Powered Using Evacuated Tube Solar Collector". W ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17 collocated with the ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power-icope2017-3550.
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Low-temperature heat sources are ubiquitous. Harvesting this heat in an efficient and cost-effective way improve overall systems efficiency and reduce energy costs. Numerous studies shed light on these sources and technologies to utilize low-temperature heat. This paper evaluates the technical and economic feasibility of low-temperature Stirling Engine (SE) powered by hot water energy from evacuated tube solar water heater for distributed power generation when excess hot water energy is available. Evacuated tube solar collector provides hot water on-demand. When hot water is not consumed domestically, a SE is used to utilize the untapped heat from the solar water heater. The objective of this study is to evaluate the energy savings by using a SE to recover untapped heat from solar collectors. Thermal performance of the selected evacuated tube was measured experimentally under local weather conditions for different periods in summer and winter in the Mediterranean region and then simulated on hourly basis for a whole year to estimate the energy and hot water temperature output. Three different cases were taken to assess the potential of energy savings using SE to generate power namely, typical homes, office buildings and schools. SE is modeled using the most advanced third-order design analysis method. Air, helium, and hydrogen are used as working fluids in the SE at different charging pressures. Results obtained from solar collector’s thermal performance for the three cases are integrated with the results achieved from Stirling engine simulation of the various working fluids and pressures to evaluate the engine performance based on a dynamic approach. The study also investigates the economic feasibility of using Stirling engines for power generation from such low-temperature, intermittent heat sources. Results show that using hydrogen as working fluid is the most feasible. Typical schools show the most economical case to recover heat.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Collector of Excise"
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Ama Pokuaa, Fenny, Aba Obrumah Crentsil, Christian Kwaku Osei i Felix Ankomah Asante. Fiscal and Public Health Impact of a Change in Tobacco Excise Taxes in Ghana. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), listopad 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2020.003.
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This working paper predicts the fiscal and public health outcomes from a change in the excise tax structure for cigarettes in Ghana. More than 5,000 people are killed by diseases caused by tobacco every year in Ghana (Tobacco Atlas 2018). Currently the country has a unitary tax administration approach, with a uniform ad valorem tax structure on all excisable products, including tobacco. However, the ECOWAS directive on tobacco control, in line with the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO 2003), recommends a simple tax structure – using a mixed excise system with a minimum specific tax floor to overcome the limitations of an ad valorem system on tobacco products, especially cigarettes. The study therefore simulates mixed tax policy interventions, and assesses their effect on government revenue and public health relative to the current ad valorem tax system. Primary data collection of tobacco prices in three geographical zones of the country was conducted in February 2020, across both rural and urban localities. This was supported with secondary data from national and international databases. Based on the assumption that Ghana adopts a mixed tax structure, the simulation shows that, if the government imposes a specific excise tax of GH₵4.00 (US$0.80) per pack in addition to the current ad valorem rate of 175 per cent of the CIF value, the average retail price of a cigarette pack would increase by 128 per cent, cigarette consumption decrease by 27 per cent, tobacco excise tax revenue increase by 627 per cent, and overall tobacco-related government tax revenue increase by 201 per cent.1 Additionally, there would be significant declines in smoking prevalence (3.3%), smoking intensity (1,448 cigarettes per year), and 3,526 premature smoking-related deaths would be avoided. The paper advocates for a strong tax administration and technical capacity, with continuous commitment by the government to adjust the tax rate in line with the rate of inflation and per capita income growth.
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Hernández, Fausto, i Arturo Antón-Sarabia. VAT Collection and Social Security Contributions: Is There a Link? Inter-American Development Bank, marzec 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011473.
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Mexican public finances are weak; national tax collection as a percentage of GDP is among the lowest in the world. On the other hand, expenditure needs are enormous. There have been several attempts to reform our tax system but they have not been successful due to different factors such as political interests, excess of oil revenues, and deficient design of the reforms. One of the most important problems is that every reform has been attempted with no significant change on the expenditure side, or what is more, ignoring links between taxes and other economic areas such as social security contributions. Recently Levy (2008) has proposed a major change on the expenditure side. In particular he argues that social policy should dramatically be modified to be able to provide a universal health care system together with unemployment insurance, which at the end would promote formality. This calls for an adequate financial source. In this work we estimate the potential VAT collection to finance this proposal, taking into account some partial equilibrium effects in a context of coexistence of formality and informality. Here the former is defined in terms of tax compliance only.
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Campbell, Seth, Rosa Affleck i Samantha Sinclair. Ground-penetrating radar studies of permafrost, periglacial, and near-surface geology at McMurdo Station, Antarctica. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), wrzesień 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45320.
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Installations built on ice, permafrost, or seasonal frozen ground require careful design to avoid melting issues. Therefore, efforts to rebuild McMurdo Station, Antarctica, to improve operational efficiency and consolidate energy resources require knowledge of near-surface geology. Both 200 and 400 MHz ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data were collected in McMurdo during January, October, and November of 2015 to detect the active layer, permafrost, excess ice, fill thickness, solid bedrock depth, and buried utilities or construction and waste debris. Our goal was to ultimately improve surficial geology knowledge from a geotechnical perspective. Radar penetration ranged between approximately 3 and 10 m depth for the 400 and 200 MHz antennas, respectively. Both antennas successfully detect buried utilities and near-surface stratified material to ~0.5–3.0 m whereas 200 MHz profiles were more useful for mapping deeper stratified and un-stratified fill over bedrock. Artificially generated excess ice which appears to have been created from runoff, water pooling and refreezing, aspect shading from buildings, and snowpack buried under fill, are prevalent. Results show that McMurdo Station has a complex myriad of ice-rich fill, scoria, fractured volcanic bedrock, permafrost, excess ice, and buried anthropogenically generated debris, each of which must be considered during future construction.
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Jesper, M., i F. Pag. Integration Concepts and Design Guidelines. IEA SHC Task 63, marzec 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task64-2024-0002.
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The defossilization of the industrial heat supply is crucial for achieving the Paris climate targets. For the defossilization of heat with supply temperatures of at least 150 °C, solar thermal heat for industrial processes (SHIP) and heat pumps (HP) are technically mature technologies that allow a complete substitution of fossilfueled systems already today [1]. However, the individual potential of these technologies is often limited by restrictions regarding the availability of renewable energy sources, e.g., solar radiation, environmental or excess heat, or by technical limitations, e.g., the available space for solar thermal collectors. The combination of both technologies could, therefore, be a solution to maximize the degree of defossilization and overall efficiency.
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Савосько, Василь Миколайович, Юлія Віліївна Бєлик, Юрій Васильович Лихолат, Герман Хайльмейер i Іван Панасович Григорюк. Macronutrients and Heavy Metals Contents in the Leaves of Trees from the Devastated Lands at Kryvyi Rih District (Central Ukraine). E3S Web of Conferences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3785.
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This research was performed at Petrovsky waste rock dump, the Central part of the Kryvyi Rih iron-ore & metallurgical district (Dnipropetrovsk region, Ukraine). The macronutrients (K, Ca, Mg, P and S) and heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd) contents in the leaves of three species of the trees (Ash-leaved maple, Silver Birch and Black locust) that were collected on devastated lands were assessed. It was established that trees which grow on the Petrovsky dump take place under evident shortage of nutrients (especially K and P) and excess of metals (especially Fe, Mn and Zn). It is revealed that Ash-leaved maple and Black locust are more resistant to the geochemical conditions of devastated lands. In this regard, these species of trees can be recommended for forest restoration & reforestation on devastated lands.
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Савосько, Василь Миколайович, Юлія Віліївна Бєлик, Юрій Васильович Лихолат, Герман Хайльмейер i Іван Панасович Григорюк. Macronutrients and Heavy Metals Contents in the Leaves of Trees from the Devastated Lands at Kryvyi Rih District (Central Ukraine). КДПУ, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4151.
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The relevance of these studies was due to the need to clarify the biogeochemical characteristics of woody plant species that grow naturally on devastated lands. The object of this paper: to carry out a comparative analysis of macro nutrients and heavy metals contents in the leaves of trees spontaneously sprouting on the devastated lands at the Kryvyi Rih District. This research was performed at Petrovsky waste rock dump, the Central part of the Kryvyi Rih iron-ore & metallurgical district (Dnipropetrovsk region, Ukraine). The macronutrients (K, Ca, Mg, P and S) and heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd) contents in the leaves of three species of the trees (Ash-leaved Maple Acer negundo L., Silver Birch Betula pendula Roth. and Black Locust Robinia pseudoacacia L.) that were collected on devastated lands were assessed. It was established that trees which grow on the Petrovsky dump take place under evident shortage of nutrients (especially K and P) and excess of metals (especially Fe, Mn and Zn). Taking into account the revealed values of macronutrients optimal concentrations and revealed the heavy metals lowest content in the leaves, we assume that Ash-leaved maple and Black locust (compared to the Silver Birch) are more resistant to the geochemical conditions of devastated lands.
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Sayeh, Watheq, Imad Al-Qadi i Ramez Hajj. Utilizing Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement in Preservation Treatments. Illinois Center for Transportation, październik 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/23-022.
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The use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has economic and environmental impacts. This report investigates the prospective use of RAP in preservation treatments (mainly chip sealing and microsurfacing) in Illinois. A review of the current state of knowledge and practice was conducted. The economic and logistic feasibility of using RAP in preservation treatments in Illinois were investigated. Data were collected on RAP availability in the state followed by a survey distributed to district engineers and highway construction contractors. The survey asked about the availability of RAP, its viability in preservation treatments, and the readiness for its application. A unit price analysis was conducted to assess the financial viability of using RAP compared to virgin aggregate. The results suggested there was an excess of good quality and fractionated RAP, and contractors are open to using RAP in various applications. Considering contract unit prices in Illinois, no significant difference would be expected when RAP is used in place of virgin aggregate. Hence, using RAP in preservation treatments would probably make preservation treatments more viable. Economic and environmental analyses demonstrated that using RAP in preservation treatments would reduce the impact on the environment by reducing energy, global warming potential, and greenhouse gases while providing cost savings. A simple decision tool was developed to provide guidance on using RAP in preservation treatments.
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George. PR-015-08610-R01 Laboratory Conformation of the Effect of Methanol on Gas Chromatograph Performance. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), listopad 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010717.
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In natural gas production and processing applications, methanol is commonly injected into natural gas streams containing water to prevent the formation of hydrates in gas lines and subsequent equipment damage. However, gas chromatographs (GCs) at field sites are typically not equipped to identify or measure methanol, and unless excess methanol is expected to carry over into a gas stream, samples sent to a laboratory are not likely to be analyzed for methanol. As a result, the potential exists for errors in gas property determination, particularly in heating value and sound speed. A previous PRCI project investigated the potential for GCs to quantify methanol as a hydrocarbon, and estimated the resulting errors on heating value and other properties. This theoretical study used assumptions about where methanol would elute on GC columns, but experimental data on GC performance in streams with methanol was unavailable to verify these assumptions. To verify the estimates of the theoretical study, this project collected experimental data on methanol elution behavior in a series of field and laboratory GCs, and established the errors in computed natural gas properties caused by methanol behavior. Three GCs used by the laboratory of a PRCI member company were nominated for testing: ABB NGC 8206 C7+ field GC, Agilent Model 7890A laboratory GC, configured for extended natural gas analysis, and Daniel Model 575 C6+ field GC. The separation columns, valve configurations, and other design features of these GCs that could influence methanol elution were reviewed. Since each GC was predicted to respond differently to methanol, the nominated units were accepted for testing. A fourth GC, a Varian CP-4900 Quad MicroGC outfitted to quantify methanol, was provided to the lab to serve as a reference unit. Hydrocarbon base gas compositions were chosen to represent production and transmission gases and a gas blender was consulted to identify an effective method of stabilizing the methanol content of the test gases delivered to the GCs. Lab personnel and the gas blender then provided the required hardware and the test and calibration gases, with the gas blend compositions traceable to NIST.
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Clulow, F. V., T. P. Lim i N. K. Dave. Radionuclide levels and 226Ra concentration ratios between water, vegetation, and tissues of ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) from a watershed with U tailings near Elliot Lake, Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331773.
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Radionuclide levels measured in bone, muscle, kidney, and liver tissues, gut contents, and diet items of 47 grouse from the Serpent River drainage basin, containing U tailings at Elliot Lake, and from control areas in Ontario, showed variation by site and tissue. The mean level of 226Ra in bones of grouse sampled from Elliot Lake (28.5 mBq.g -1) was higher than that in bones of birds from a distant control site near Sudbury, Ontario (8.0 mBq.g -1), but similar to the value in a local control population (28.1 mBq.g -1). Birds from Mid- and Low-Serpent River basin populations (with 17.1 and 17.7 mBq.g-1 respectively) did not differ from local or distant control populations; muscle, liver, and kidney had lower 226Ra concentrations which did not differ significantly among populations. Levels of 226Ra in the crop contents and chyle did not differ significantly by site and were similar to those of food items consumed by the birds. Chyme values were higher in birds sampled in Elliot Lake and at the local control site than in those taken at the distant control site; birds sampled downstream from Elliot Lake did not differ from distant controls in this regard. Levels of 232Th, 236Th were below detection limits (0.1 gg.g-1 and 5.0 mBq.g-1 respectively) in bone, muscle, and liver tissue in two grouse with elevated levels of 226Ra. Other radionuclides were measurable in some tissues: 238U in bone at 0.4 gg.g-1 , in muscle to 0.2 gg.g -1 , in liver to 1.0 gg.g -1 ; 228Th was found only in muscle (8.0 mBq.g -1 ); 216Po was found in bone, muscle, and liver (maxima: 24.0, 7.0, 16.0 mBq.g-1 ) with the exception of one muscle sample; 216Pb was detected in only one liver sample (50.0 mBq.g -1 ). Environmental levels fell within ranges previously reported at the sites, or at similar locations elsewhere. Leaves of trembling and largetooth aspen growing in the basin had mean 226Ra levels of 41.8 and 52.7 mElq.g-1 (dry 215.4 mBq.g -1 (ai weight) respectively, fungal material caried up to r-dried), with some variation by site. River and lake waters sampled near the U tailings had 118.1 mBq.L -1- of dissolved 226Ra and at the distant control site the value was 12.1 mBq.L -1. The concentration ratios (CR) between bone of grouse collected at the Elliot Lake sites and trembling and largetooth aspen leaves were 1.38 and 1.09 (fresh weight basis); from other diet items and other tissues the values were less than unity. Water to tissue bone ratios, based on dissolved 226Ra levels (mBq.L -2) ranged to 144.08. People eating grouse from the study area are unlikely to consume radionuclides in excess of limits currently established by Canadian regulatory authorities.
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Nagabhatla, Nidhi, Panthea Pouramin, Rupal Brahmbhatt, Cameron Fioret, Talia Glickman, K. Bruce Newbold i Vladimir Smakhtin. Migration and Water: A Global Overview. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, maj 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/lkzr3535.
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Global migration has been increasing since the 1990s. People are forced to leave their homes in search of safety, a better livelihood, or for more economic opportunities. Environmental drivers of migration, such as land degradation, water pollution, or changing climate, are acting as stronger phenomena with time. As millions of people are exposed to multiple water crises, daily needs related to water quality, lack of provisioning, excess or shortage of water become vital for survival as well for livelihood support. In turn, the crisis can transform into conflict and act as a trigger for migration, both voluntary and forced, depending on the conditions. Current interventions related to migration, including funding to manage migration remain focused on response mechanisms, whereas an understanding of drivers or so-called ‘push factors’ of migration is limited. Accurate and well-documented evidence, as well as quantitative information on these phenomena, are either missing or under-reflected in the literature and policy discourse. The report aims to start unpacking relationships between water and migration. The data used in this Report are collected from available public sources and reviewed in the context of water and climate. A three-dimensional (3D) framework is outlined for water-related migration assessment. The framework may be useful to aggerate water-related causes and consequences of migration and interpret them in various socioecological, socioeconomic, and sociopolitical settings. A case study approach is adopted to illustrate the various applications of the framework to dynamics of migration in various geographic and hydrological scenarios. The case studies reflect on well-known examples of environmental and water degradation, but with a focus on displacement /migration and socioeconomic challenges that apply. The relevance of proxy measures such as the Global Conflict Risk Index, which helps quantify water and migration interconnections, is discussed in relation to geographic, political, environmental, and economic parameters. The narratives presented in the Report also point to the existing governance mechanisms on migration, stating that they are fragmented. The report examines global agreements, institutions, and policies on migration to provide an aggerated outlook as to how international and inter-agency cooperation agreements and policies either reflected or are missing on water and climate crises as direct or indirect triggers to migration. Concerning this, the new directives related to migration governance, i.e., the New York Declaration and the Global Compact for Migration, are discussed. The Report recommends an enhanced focus on migration as an adaptation strategy to maximize the interconnectedness with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It calls for the migration discourse to look beyond from a preventative and problematic approach to a perspective emphasizing migration as a contributor towards achieving sustainable development, particularly SDGs 5, 6, 13, and 16 that aim strengthening capacities related to water, gender, climate, and institutions. Overall, the synthesis offers a global overview of water and migration for researchers and professionals engaged in migration-related work. For international agencies and government organizations and policymakers dealing with the assessment of and response to migration, the report aims to support the work on migration assessment and the implementation of the SDGs. The Report may serve as a public good towards understanding the drivers, impacts, and challenges of migration, for designing long-term solutions and for advancing migration management capabilities through improved knowledge and a pitch for consensus-building.