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1
Ouyang, Sining, i 欧阳斯宁. "Effect of music on children's cognitive development". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193786.
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Background
Music as a part of our daily life, it can make people feel pleasure, peaceful, or exciting. Children as the future generation in our society are expected to have optimal development and growth. During childhood, cognitive development plays an important role in construction of thought processing ability and it is associated with physical development and nervous system development. As we know music is considered to be the efflorescence of human thought, this project aims to evaluate the effect of music listening and training on children’s cognitive development, as well as investigate effect of different types of music such as calm music, aggressive music, familiar music and unfamiliar music on cognitive development. The systematic review will identify and appraise the evidence of studies that related to our research question.
Methods
All relevant studies published from 1990 to 2013 were searched and identified when conducting an electronic literature search. There were 338 papers found through the database including Pubmed, SAGE and Google Scholar with a combination of specific keywords. After considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, ten studies were found related to research questions and adopted for this systematic review.
Results
The ten studies were from four countries and included a total number of 8,836 subjects aged 4 to 12 years old. Randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, longitudinal studies, cross-sectional study were used in this systematic review. The studies included short-term and long-term effect of music listening and training on children. Most of the studies assigned participants to one group that had exposure to music and another group that had no exposure to music. For music listening groups, their performance of cognitive test was better than the group without music listing. Calm and pleasant music was more positive than aggressive music. Familiar music also had more impact on children’s cognitive ability. For music training groups, the effect of music gave impact on children’s cognitive development positively. Children received music training had increased cognitive ability.
Conclusions
Overall, the effect of different music listening and music training had been evaluated. The impact of music will be more effective if music is enjoyed by the listener. However, due to the publications of articles were only in English, not all of the studies design of articles were randomized control trials and some studies had small sample size such as thirty to seventy in this systematic review, further research is needed.published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
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Khan, Manizeh. "Thinking in Words: Implicit Verbal Activation in Children and Adults". Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10786.
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The relationship between language and thought has long been a topic of interest and controversy in cognitive science. In this dissertation, I address one aspect of this issue: when is language present during internal thought? Simple introspection tells us that we sometimes use inner speech, but is this the exception or the rule? Using eye-tracking measures, we investigated whether infants, children and adults implicitly activate verbal labels while silently looking at pictures of objects. In the first study, 4-year-olds, 7-year-olds and adults completed a working memory task. While the two older age groups spontaneously chose a verbal encoding strategy for the pictoral stimuli, the 4-year-olds did not, suggesting a late emergence for implicit language use. The second study, however, challenges this conclusion as we find evidence for spontaneous implicit verbal activation in 24-month-old infants during free-viewing of pictures of familiar objects. The final study provides a more detailed look at the nature of the implicit verbal representations that are activated in adults during visual image processing. Unlike the 24-month-old infants, and unlike adults engaged in a working memory task, adults in this visual image processing task did not robustly activate phonological representations but did show some evidence of lexical activation, perhaps at a more abstract level of representation. Taken together, these results suggest that: 1) even very young children spontaneously engage inner speech, 2) adults and children use implicit verbal labeling in different ways, and 3) different tasks can evoke different levels of implicit verbal activation.Psychology
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Dawda, Darek. "The literacy hypothesis and cognitive development /". Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2006. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2635.
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Martin, Michelle M. "The development of cognitive inhibition in bilingual children". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ56190.pdf.
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Harvey, Erin M. "Visual development and plasticity in children". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289850.
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The effects of visual experience on perception were examined using two classic research paradigms: visual deprivation and perceptual adaptation. The present study evaluates the extent to which children in the 5- to 14-year-old age range have the capacity for visual plasticity with respect to recovery from the effects of astigmatism-related visual deprivation and adaptation to spatially distorted visual input. Visual experience was altered through eyeglass correction of astigmatism, a condition of the eye that induces degraded (blurred) visual input and causes a form of visual deprivation. Lenses that correct astigmatism cause two changes in sensory input: they alleviate the deprivation effects of astigmatism, and cause spatial distortion. Perception was initially measured when the children first received eyeglass correction, and change in perception was measured after 1 month of wear, and after 1 year of wear. Measures included recognition acuity, resolution acuity, vernier acuity, contrast sensitivity, stereoacuity, and form perception. Baseline analyses of normal (non-astigmatic) subject data indicated that recognition acuity, resolution acuity, vernier acuity, and contrast sensitivity continue to develop within the 5- to 14-year-old age range. Baseline analyses also revealed that children who experienced astigmatism-related deprivation demonstrated perceptual deficits, in comparison to non-astigmatic children, on all measures of perception (although deficits within some measures depended on stimulus orientation (grating acuity and contrast sensitivity) and spatial frequency of the stimulus (for contrast sensitivity)), and demonstrated measurable distortions in form perception. However, primary outcome analyses revealed little evidence of plasticity with regard to recovery from the effects of deprivation and no evidence of plasticity with regard to perceptual adaptation to distortion. The results suggest that children in the 5- to 14-year-old age range may be beyond the sensitive period for recovery from astigmatism-related deprivation through simple restoration of clear visual input. Discussion focuses on theoretical views on conditions necessary for plasticity (Bedford, 1993a, 1993b, 1995, Banks, 1988), and their implications regarding another intervention, discrimination learning, that might be more effective at inducing plasticity in children and adults who are beyond the sensitive period for plasticity, and their implications for interpretation of data on adaptation to spatial distortion observed in the present study.
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Parker, Deborah A. (Deborah Ann). "Children's Cognitive and Moral Reasoning: Expressive Versus Receptive Cognitive Skills". Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331176/.
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Past research has shown that there are differences between children's ability to express verbally moral judgment or social cognitive principles (cognitive-expression) and their ability to understand and utilize these principles when making evaluations about others (cognitive-reception). This study investigated these differences.
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Strauss, Clara Yolanda. "Depression and the development of cognitive coping". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364546.
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Butler, Stephen M. "Dream development and cognitive processing in reading disabled children". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5094.
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CAVALCANTE, LILIAN DE SOUZA. "SOCIOINTERACTIONISM AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN WITH INTELECTUAL DESABILITY". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=32002@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
A presente pesquisa analisa a configuração do programa educacional Quinta Dimensão, criado por Michael Cole, pesquisador de destaque no campo da psicologia sociohistórico-cultural contemporânea, que promove aprendizagem mediada pelo uso de TIC para o desenvolvimento cognitivo de crianças com deficiência intelectual. Criado, originalmente, nos Estados Unidos, o Programa Quinta Dimensão articula universidades e comunidades e é direcionado a crianças socialmente marginalizadas e com baixo rendimento escolar. Uma característica importante desse programa é sua adaptabilidade às necessidades específicas de cada comunidade de prática. Desse modo, o programa pode ser adaptado em diferentes contextos sociais, linguagens e culturas para atender às demandas locais. O presente estudo analisou a configuração geral do programa e duas de suas adaptações: Programa Dimensão Metacognitiva, implementado pela Rede Sarah, e o programa Cinquena Dimensión, da Casa de Shere Rom, na Espanha. A metodologia utilizada foi, principalmente, análise dos documentos de referência desses programas, em triangulação com: entrevista realizada com a coordenadora do programa da Rede Sarah; entrevista concedida por Michael Cole à professora Zena Eisenberg; e descrição de visita técnica, feita pela pesquisadora, ao Hospital de Reabilitação da Rede Sarah, em Brasília. Na análise documental, identificamos que o Programa Quinta Dimensão apresenta uma estrutura pedagógica definida e delineia a metodologia de implementação, composta por três elementos-chave: tecnologias a serviço do desenvolvimento cognitivo; mediação do par mais capaz e ancoramento cultural. Coerente com a perspectiva sócio-histórico-cultural, o programa é estruturalmente adaptável ao contexto local.
The presente research analyze the configuration of the Fifth Dimension educational program, created by Michael Cole, a prominent researcher in contemporary sociohistorical-cultural psycology studies, promoting mediated learning by the use of ICT for the cognitive development of children with intelectual disabilities. Created in the United States of America, the Fifth Dimension Program joins universities and communities in order to attend socially marginalized children with low school performance. An important feature of this program is its adaptability to the specific requirements of each community of practice. In this way, the program can be adapted to different social settings, languages and cultures. The present study analyze the general configuration of the program and of two adaptations: Metacognitive Dimension Program implemented by the Sarah Network of Neurorehabilitation Hospitals and the Cinquena Dimensión programa of the Shere Rom House in Spain. The research procedures was mainly analysis of the reference documents of these programs, in triangulation with: interview with the coordinator of the Sarah Network program; interview given by Michael Cole to Professor\Zena Eisenberg; and description of technical visit made by the researcher to the Rehabilitation Hospital of the Sarah Network in Brasilia. We identified that the Fifth Dimension presents a defined pedagogical structure and outlines the methodology of implementation, composed of three key elements: technologies for cognitive development; mediation and centrality of centrality of cultural context. Consistent with the sociohistorical-cultural perspective, the program is structurally adaptable to the local requirements.
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Ravenscroft, Suzannah. "Anxiety in young children : cognitive biases, development and assessment". Thesis, University of Reading, 2018. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/82041/.
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Anxiety is one of the most prevalent disorders to affect children. To understand how anxiety develops and what factors cause and/or maintain anxiety it is important to study anxiety in young children. Currently, there is a relative lack of studies focusing on anxiety and cognitive biases in children below 8 years old, in part due to a lack of methods for assessing anxiety subtypes and cognitive biases at this age. The primary aim of this thesis is to examine the associations between anxiety and cognitive biases in children aged between 4 and 8 years. A secondary aim is to develop a brief measure of early signs of social anxiety in young children. These aims are realised across four papers. In Paper 1 a meta-analysis of the current literature on anxiety-related interpretation bias in children and adolescents is presented. A robust relationship was found, that was moderated by age. The study highlighted the need for more studies with younger children. Following this, a novel measure of interpretation bias using ambiguous tones was used in Paper 2 to assess the presence of an anxiety related interpretation bias in children aged 4 to 8. Anxiety differences in interpretation bias were only seen once developmental confounds were accounted for. Paper 3 used eye-tracking to assess the presence of an anxiety related attention bias in 4 to 8 year olds. Evidence of nuanced patterns of attention bias between anxiety groups were found. In Paper 4 a measure of social worries was adapted and validated for children ages 4 to 8. Together, the studies provide new methods for the study of cognitive biases and anxiety in young children and new insights into their association. The work leads directly to several suggestions for future research including longitudinal work that tracks biases, anxiety and developmental factors over time.
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Janjua, Fatima. "Language and cognitive development in very young deaf children". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/68cb555b-3d31-49da-be84-e71d5b01bcd5.
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Cupples, Sarah Anne. "Social cognition in children with visual impairment". Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248371.
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Nightingale, Zoe C. "Cognitive rehearsal, cognitive bias and the development of fear in high trait-anxious children". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/6944/.
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Previous research has shown that high trait-anxious children, relative to low trait-anxious children, are at an increased risk of developing fear due to threatening information (Field, 2006b; Field and Price-Evans, 2009). However, the mechanism that underlies this relationship remains unknown. Cognitive models of vulnerability to anxiety propose that biases in the processing of threat-relevant material play a part in the aetiology and maintenance of anxiety disorders (Beck and Clark, 1997; Eysenck, 1992) and as such could potentially explain the relationship between trait-anxiety and fear development in the face of ambiguous information in children. For example, high-anxious children tend to interpret ambiguous information in a more negative manner (interpretation bias) and remember ambiguous information as being more threatening than it was originally (memory bias) (see Hadwin and Field, 2010, for a review). Additionally, high-anxious children have been found to engage in negative cognitive rehearsal (Comer, Kendall, Franklin, Hudson, and Pimental, 2004). The experiments in this thesis investigated whether these cognitive biases underlie the relationship between trait anxiety and fear development in non-clinical children. In a series of three experiments, children (aged 8-11 years) were presented with some ambiguous information regarding two novel animals (the quoll and the cuscus) and before completing a cognitive rehearsal task were told that they would soon be asked to approach the animals. There were several findings: 1) High trait-anxious children were not significantly more likely than low trait-anxious children to display any of the cognitive biases tested (i.e., interpretation bias, memory bias or cognitive rehearsal). However, tentative evidence suggested that interpretation bias exacerbated the relationship between trait anxiety and fear; 2) Whether children cognitively rehearsed the ambiguous information or not had no significant impact on their fear for the animals, nor did the valence of their thoughts; 3) Children who interpreted the ambiguous information more negatively were more likely to become fearful of the animals and were also more likely to remember more negatively-biased and less positively-biased pieces of ambiguous information; 4) It was the lack of positively-biased memories not the increased number of negatively-biased memories that led children who interpreted the information more negatively to become more fearful of the animals as a result. The findings are discussed with reference to their implications for the theory and prevention of childhood fear: that positive interpretation and memory bias training may act to decrease or even help to prevent fear development in children.
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Thomas, Charles Nolan. "The relationships between cognitive deficits and spiritual development". Lynchburg, Va. : Liberty University, 2008. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.
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McBride, Michelle L. "Conservation through conflict : do conflicting wrong solutions help children invent the right ones?" Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30857.
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A total of 136 children from 5 to 8 years of age were presented with standard conservation of length and liquid tasks as well as story versions of those tasks. Half of the children were read stories in which the views of two non-conservers came into conflict, and the other half were read "conflict free" stories. Although the length conflict story was found to be significantly easier than the lenght task, the nonconflict story was not. In addition, the length conflict story was significantly easier than the length nonconflict story for the younger children (5-6 year-olds). However no significant differences were found among the liquid conditions. The results suggest that, for length, children's conservation performance was benefitted by cognitive conflict rather than merely the narrative format of the story problem and that children's reasoning can be affected by mere exposure to "socio-cognitive conflict". These results lend support to the controversial claim that symmetrical incorrect conflict is sufficient for stimulating cognitive development.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
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Hinchcliffe, Vivian. "The social-cognitive development of children with severe learning difficulties". Thesis, Brunel University, 1995. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/6588.
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This thesis focuses upon the abilities of children with severe learning difficulties to contemplate the psychological states of other people, what is often referred to in the literature as 'mindreading' (Whiten and Perner, 1991). The first section contains a review of the literature on children's developing understanding of the mind and their conceptual representational abilities. This is followed by two studies investigating non-learning disabled children's abilities to attribute first-and second-order false belief. The first of these uses an adaptation of the Sally-Anne test (Baron-Cohen, et al., 1985). The second study uses an original false belief story scenario, which involves children in drama. The researcher uses a technique called 'split-briefing' to provide children with first-hand experience of first-and second-order false belief. Simplified versions of the two false belief story scenarios are then used with children with severe learning difficulties to investigate their abilities to represent first-and second-order false belief. The relationship between children's scores on belief attribution tasks and their scores on tests of non-verbal intellectual reasoning (Ravens Coloured Matrices) and receptive language ability (TROG) is also examined in this study. The third section outlines the findings of a questionnaire-based study examining parental reports of spontaneous internal state use by two groups of children: non-learning disabled children aged 1-5 years and pupils with Down's Syndrome aged 4-19 years with severe learning difficulties. 'Internal state language' is language which refers to intentions, cognitions and feeling states (Bretherton and Beeghly, 1981). This is followed by a further investigation of internal state language among a group of students with severe learning difficulties. This study uses a series of playlets written by the author to provide students with an interactive, participatory medium in which to draw their attention to people's internal states. The thesis concludes with a final statement on research into the social-cognitive development of children with severe learning difficulties, with recommendations for future research and intervention.
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Bougher, Lori Diane. "Reassessing the family's role in individual political development : a developmental and cognitive approach". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610623.
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Walter, Sarah E. "One for you, two for me : quantitative sharing by young children". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:bdf38c29-1fda-41ab-b1c1-c675bc1d39c4.
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The current research aimed to examine children’s understanding of cardinality by looking at their ability to use several quantitative concepts that underpin this understanding: correspondence, counting and equivalence in the context of sharing. Understanding cardinality requires children to develop knowledge about the relations between these quantitative concepts which is important for the development of mathematical reasoning. The first study aimed to investigate how flexibly children can use correspondence to build equivalent sets in different types of sharing scenarios: equal sharing, reciprocity and equity. In some situations two characters each received one object at a time, and in others one character received double units while the other character received single units. After children shared blocks between the two characters, they were asked to make a number inference about the cardinal of one set after counting a second, equivalent set. Children had more difficulty sharing in the reciprocity and equity conditions than the equal sharing condition. The majority of children were able to make number inferences in the equal sharing and reciprocity conditions where both characters received equivalent shares in the end. A second study with new groups of four and five- year-olds investigated whether children were using visual cues about the relation between double and single blocks to help build equivalent sets and make number inferences. It was predicted that the use of coins would be difficult and would increase the difference between the equal sharing and reciprocity conditions. In half of the trials children shared Canadian $2 and $1 coins and in half they shared blocks. There are no visual cues about the relation between $2 and $1 coins because they are the same size. Children were allowed to use counting or correspondence to build equivalent sets to compare their use of both strategies. Contrary to the first study, the reciprocity and equal sharing conditions were not significantly different. This may be due to the appearance of a new sharing strategy in the reciprocity condition termed “equalizing” where children first counted each set, dealt singles to make the two sets equal and then shared blocks or coins on a one-to-one basis. There was also no significant difference between the trials using coins and trials using blocks. The majority of children were able to answer the number inference questions correctly, however 25% of children made the number inference after sharing all singles but not after sharing doubles and singles, suggesting that using different units did impact their understanding of the equivalence of the two sets. A third study aimed to investigate children’s ability to coordinate cardinal and ordinal information to determine the cardinal of a single set, and their ability to coordinate counting principles with knowledge of equivalence to determine the cardinal of an equivalent set. Children in this study were asked to make a numerical inference about a set of blocks after watching a puppet correctly or incorrectly count an equivalent set of blocks. Many children were able to identify that the puppet did not count correctly, but struggled to correct the mistake. This indicates a gap in their knowledge about ordinality and cardinality in the context of a single set. The miscount also impacted their ability to make a correct number inference. Children performed significantly better on trials where the puppet counted correctly than trials where he made a counting error. This suggests that while children have good knowledge of counting principles in isolation, they are still developing an understanding of how to coordinate these principles with ordinal information and knowledge of equivalence to establish the cardinal of one set and to infer the cardinal of an equivalent set.
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Byrne, Angela. "The development of reading skills in children with Down syndrome". Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364338.
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This longitudinal study charts the development and achievement in reading, language and memory skills of a representative group of children with Down syndrome in mainstream education. Twenty-four children with Down syndrome were followed over a 2 year period and compared to (i) children matched for reading age (N=31) and, (ii) average readers (N=42), from the same school classes as the children with Down syndrome. A battery of standardised assessments was administered annually to obtain measures of reading, language, memory, number skills, and general intelligence. On all three occasions the children with Down syndrome showed an uneven profile of development with advanced reading ability compared to their other cognitive skills. Two years after the initial assessment there was still no significant difference between the reading scores of the children with Down syndrome and the reading age control group indicating similar rates of progress in the two groups despite the children with Down syndrome being significantly delayed on all of the other measures. Although it was predicted that learning to read may enhance the language and memory skills of children with Down syndrome, partial correlations revealed no significant associations between reading and language ability once age and intelligence had been controlled for. This suggests that reading and language are independent cognitive skills in this age group of children. The relationship between reading and auditory STM was less clear as significant partial correlations were only found at some times. Furthermore, exploratory multiple regression analyses also suggested that there was no clear predictive relationship of language and memory development from early reading ability. Finally, reading strategies were examined longitudinally in an experimental task in which words and nonwords were presented via a computer. The Down syndrome and reading matched groups were similar in their ability to read words but the children with Down syndrome were significantly less accurate when reading nonwords. The results suggested that the majority of the children with Down syndrome were continuing to make progress using a logographic reading strategy. However, there was also some evidence that some children with Down syndrome (those who had the highest reading ages) had developed alphabetic skills.
20
Morison, Sara J. "Predictors of the cognitive development of children adopted from Romanian orphanages". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq24336.pdf.
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Blanchette, Nicholas. "Cognitive and motor development in children with vertically transmitted HIV infection". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0021/MQ54133.pdf.
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Taylor, Rebecca Charlotte. "Examining the development of the associative-cognitive hybrid model in children". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620586.
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Kgomo, Gretta Tumelo. "Cognitive and motor development in HIV infected children : a systematic review". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20089.
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Thesis (MCurr)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The global epidemic of HIV continues with an estimated 2.2 million children under 15 years of age worldwide living with HIV and 640 000 newly infected in 2004 (WHO, 2009). HIV crosses the blood–brain barrier which may lead to neuronal damage and death. There is controversial evidence within available research on effects of HIV on cognitive and motor development in children because of the limitations imposed by study designs, study populations and study methodological quality. The aims of the review were: - To conduct a systematic review of published research to establish the effects and the prevalence of HIV infection on cognitive and motor development in children. - To critically appraise the methodological quality of published research regarding cognitive and motor development of HIV infected children. The objectives of the review were: - To assess evidence on the cognitive and motor development of HIV-1 infected children - To describe anthropometric outcomes including: weight for age, weight for height, height for age and head circumference in children with a HIV infection. - To assess the methodological quality of studies on the cognitive and motor development of HIV infected children. The following databases were searched for identification of articles; MEDLINE, Google Scholar, AIDSTRIALS, AIDSLINE and CINHAL. The search time frame included published works from inception to July 2011 without language restrictions. Analytical observational trials that assessed at least one outcome (cognitive or motor development or 1 of the anthropometric outcomes) between HIV positive and HIV negative children aged 5 years and below or children with a mean age of less than 5 years were employed. Two review authors independently searched for eligible studies, evaluated methodological quality and extracted the data. Meta-analysis was carried out using Rev Man 5.1 using the risk ratio for categorical data and standard mean difference for continuous data. Fifteen studies with a total of 3 086 participants met the inclusion criteria. HIV infected children were 2.45 times at higher risk of developing cognitive developmental delay than HIV negative children (RR, 95% CI, 1.95, 3.07, P < 0.00001). Infected children scored - 0.54 less than HIV negative children (SMD 95% CI, -0.70, -0.39, 97, p < 0.00001) for cognitive development and -0.68 in motor development (SMD 95% CI, -0.82, -0.55, p< 0.00001). The risk of motor developmental delays was 2.95 times in HIV positive compared with HIV negative children (RR 95% CI, 2.19, 3.99, p < 0.00001). HIV infected children are slower in aspects of cognitive and motor development compared to their HIV negative counterparts. They also showed delays in anthropometric outcomes; weight for age and height for age. Study design influenced results of the studies with children scoring more on cross sectional than cohort studies. There is still need to develop culturally appropriate or standardise neurodevelopment tools as most African studies still rely on international tools. More evidence is needed on the effectiveness of HAART in reducing cognitive and motor delay.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die wêreldwye MIV epidemie duur voort met ongeveer 2.2 miljoen kinders onder 15 jarige ouderdom wat wêreldwyd met MIV leef en 640 000 onlangs in 2004 geïnfekteerd (WHO, 2009). MIV strek oor die bloed-brein grens wat kan lei tot neuronale skade en die dood. Daar is kontroversiële bewys binne beskikbare navorsing oor die effek wat MIV het op kognitiewe en motoriese ontwikkeling in kinders, vanweë die beperkinge wat geplaas word deur studie ontwerpe, studie bevolkings en studie metodologiese kwaliteit. Die doelwitte van die oorsig is om - ‘n sistematiese oorsig van gepubliseerde navorsing te doen om sodoende die effek en voorkoms van MIV infeksie op kognitiewe en motoriese ontwikkeling by kinders vas te stel - ’n kritiese waardering van die metodologiese kwaliteit van gepubliseerde navorsing te doen ten opsigte van die kognitiewe en motoriese ontwikkeling van MIV geïnfekteerde kinders. Die doelwitte van die oorsig is om - assessering te doen van die bewyse van kognitiewe en motoriese ontwikkeling by MIV-1 geïnfekteerde kinders - antropometriese uitkomste te beskryf, insluitend: gewig vir ouderdom, gewig vir hoogte, hoogte vir ouderdom en omtrek van die hoof by kinders met ’n MIV infeksie - die metodologiese kwaliteit te assesseer van studies op die kognitiewe en motoriese ontwikkeling van MIV geïnfekteerde kinders. Die volgende databasisse is nagevors vir die identifisering van artikels: MEDLINE, Google Scholar, AIDSTRIALS, AIDSLINE en CINHAL. Die tydraamwerk vir navorsing het gepubliseerde werk ingesluit vanaf aanvang tot Julie 2011 sonder taalbeperkings. Analitiese waarneembare toetse wat ten minste een uitkoms geassesseer het (kognitiewe of motoriese ontwikkeling of 1 van die antropometriese uitkomste) tussen MIV positiewe en MIV negatiewe kinders van 5 jarige ouderdom en jonger, of kinders met ’n gemiddelde ouderdom van minder as 5 jaar is betrek. Twee oorsig outeurs het onafhanklik vir geskikte studies gesoek, metodologies geëvalueer en data getrek. Meta-analise was uitgevoer deur gebruik te maak van Rev Man 5.1 met behulp van die risiko-ratio vir kategoriese data en die standaard gemiddelde verskil vir aaneenlopende data. Vyftien studies met ’n totaal van 3 086 deelnemers met die insluitingskriteria. MIV geïnfekteerde kinders het 2.45 keer ’n hoër risiko gehad om kognitiewe ontwikkelingsvertraging te ontwikkel as MIV negatiewe kinders (RR, 95% CI, 1.95, 3.07, P< 0.0000). Geïnfekteerde kinders het ’n -0.54 telling behaal, minder as MIV negatiewe kinders (SMD 95% CI, -0.70, -0.39,97 p < 0.00001) vir kognitiewe ontwikkeling en -0.68 vir motoriese ontwikkeling (SMD 95% CI, -0.82, -0.55, p< 0.00001). Die risiko van motoriese ontwikkelingsvertragings was 2.95 keer by MIV positiewe in vergelyking met MIV negatiewe kinders (RR 95% CI, 2.19, 3.99. p < 0.00001). MIV geïnfekteerde kinders is stadiger in aspekte van kognitiewe en motoriese ontwikkeling in vergeyking met hulle MIV negatiewe eweknieë. Hulle het ook vertragings getoon in antropometriese uitkomste; gewig vir ouderdom en hoogte vir ouderdom. Studie ontwerpe het uitslae beïnvloed van die kinders wat ’n hoër telling behaal het met deursnee as in kohort studies. Daar is nog ’n behoefte om kultureel geskikte of gestandaardiseerde neuro-ontwikkelingsinstrumente te ontwikkel, omdat die meeste Afrika-studies nog steeds staat maak op internasionale instrumente. Meer bewyse is nodig aangaande die effektiwiteit van HAART om kognitiewe en motoriese vertraging te verminder.
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Brennan-Wilson, Aoibheann. "Cognitive development of low- and typically- achieving monolingual and bilingual children". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669650.
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A wealth of research has been conducted with 'typical' bilingual populations which indicate advantages over monolinguals across a range of abilities including executive functioning and working memory. It remains to be seen, however, whether the bilingual advantage is also evident in low-achieving children. In an attempt to address' this issue, the current longitudinal study aimed to examine potential developmental differences in cognitive profiles of low- and typically-achieving monolingual and bilingual children. This study involved a total of 111 participants who were recruited from both Irish-immersion and English language schools in Northern Ireland. The sample consisted of 58 bilinguals and 53 monolinguals in two age groups. 20 bilinguals were identified as low-achievers and 38 as typical-achievers; 21 monolinguals were identified as low-achievers and 32 as typical-achievers. The performance of all participants was assessed on measures of short-term and working memory;' executive functioning, receptive vocabulary, literacy and non-verbal IQ. The study involved four testing phases, each separated by approximately six months. In relation to executive functioning, older bilingual children (including low-achievers) demonstrated an advantage in inhibition skills. This finding suggests that bilingualism may have the potential to mediate some of the disadvantages associated with low-achievement. The results also indicate that short-term and working memory and executive functioning follow similar developmental trajectories in monolingual and bilingual children. In particular, the results indicate that the developmental trajectories of low-achieving bilingual children were very similar to those of their monolingual counterparts. It is argued these findings have important theoretical and practical implications. In particular, it is argued that the results of the current research demonstrate that low-achieving children have the potential to succeed in immersion education, and that bilingualism does not have any detrimental effect on the cognitive development of these children.
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Vekiari, Konstantina. "The structure of social and cognitive development in Native American children". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288931.
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An important question in the area of child development is the nature of the relationship between social and cognitive development. Does cognitive development affect social competence, are there reciprocal effects between the two areas, or does social competence affect cognitive development? The present study investigated the direction of effect between social development and cognitive development in Native American children during early childhood. The study involved the secondary analysis of existing data from the Navajo Nation Transition Project. Data for one hundred and fifty-one children attending Kindergarten were used in the study. The children were graduates of Head Start, a program that offered services to promote the development of low-income children and their families. Cognitive and social developmental level in this study was measured by a measurement and planning system (MAPS) devised for the assessment of young children's developing ability through a path-referenced approach. A nonrecursive linear structural equation model was used to examine if there was a reciprocal relationship between social and cognitive development. The study revealed a direction of effect from cognitive development to social development. No reciprocal relationship was found between the two areas of development. Future research directions and implications were also addressed.
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Ueba(Kasuya), Yuka. "The Effect of Music Intervention on Attention in Children: Experimental Evidence". Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263587.
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McNeill, Shelby Mae. "Family Environments and Children's Cognitive Skills: Accounting for Heritable Influences Through Comparing Adopted and Biological Children". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6465.
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Utilizing ECLS-K:2011 data, this study compares adopted and biological children to account for the role of heritable characteristics in explaining the relationship between family environments and children's cognitive skills. I find that cognitive skills do not differ across adopted and biological children after adjusting for the systematic differences between them. I also find that the relationship between family environment and children's cognitive skills does not differ across adopted and biological children. Taken together, these results suggest that the relationship between family environment and children's cognitive skills is not spurious.
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Ozoran, Dincer. "Cognitive Development Of Turkish Children On The Relation Of Evidentiality And Theory Of Mind". Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611446/index.pdf.
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For the first time a representative Theory of Mind (ToM) scale (Wellman &Liu, 2004) has been cast into three different linguistic forms in order to show the impact of evidential markers on ToM understanding. With Turkish children, we studied (i) a control form without explicit evidential markers, as conducted by Bayramoglu &
Hohenberger (2007), (ii) a verbal form with &ndash
DI (marking factuality in the past ) and (iii) a verbal form with &ndash
MIS (marking hearsay in the past). To predict ToM performance of children, we also conducted a working memory task and two language tasks for complex syntax understanding. Our analysis showed that Turkish children, ranging from 4 to 7 years of age, performed significantly better with the form &ndash
DI than the control form. Also one of the language tasks which measures relative clause understanding was found to be a significant predictor of ToM performance. We conclude that evidential markers may help Turkish children in their online reasoning of ToM. We think that the relation between evidentiality and ToM may be understood clearer with cross-linguistic studies by varying the presence of evidentials and also their linguistic properties (i.e. lexical or morphological) while controlling the materials across languages. Theory of Mind (ToM), Evidentiality, ToM scale, Cognitive Development, Language.
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Chinnasamy, Camilla. "The development of athletic pacing in school-children : cognitive and perceptual influences". Thesis, University of Essex, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.654457.
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The ability to regulate energy expenditure during exercise depends upon being able to conceptualise the demands of the task as well as understanding our own physiological limits. Since there is an intellectual aspect to conceptualising task demand, the purpose of this thesis was to explore the importance of cognitive development in children and its influence on exercise pacing strategy. All of the experimental studies in this thesis used a series of conservation tasks to evaluate children's stage of cognitive development. In all of the studies pacing was measured using video analysis to determine average speed at either 5% or 10% segments across a novel running distance. Four experiments were conducted. The first experiment found that a faster relative starting pace was adopted by children between 5-9 years old compared to older children aged 11-14 years old, and that this effect was in part due to differences in cognitive development. In a second study 12- year old children produced a slower pace when a running task was determined using temporal rather than spatial parameters. This effect was due to the conceptually more difficult task of mentally representing time compared to the conceptually easier and visibly tangible parameter of distance. In the third experiment, a slower pace for the first 30% of a 750 m run was recorded among 12-year old children when asked to complete the task on a single large lap compared to five laps of a smaller 150 m circuit. It is concluded that this effect is perhaps due to the larger single track perceptually appearing to be a longer running task. In the final study two-year follow-up data was collected from some of the participants used in study 1, different pacing and improved performance was found among the 5-7 year old follow-up group.
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Anderson, Julia Harriet. "The role of storytelling and personal narrative in cognitive, moral, and oral language development". Online pdf file accessible through the World Wide Web, 2007. http://archives.evergreen.edu/masterstheses/Accession89-10MIT/Anderson_J%20MITthesis%202007.pdf.
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Manson, Iain Munro. "The enhancement of social skills in young children through a programme based on developing social relationships : an evaluation". Thesis, University of Surrey, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323973.
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Porter, Kristen M. "An Exploratory Study of the Need for Cognition in Children and Adolescents". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1290134272.
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Stone, Ellen A. "The Sexualized Girl: The Development of an Expanded (Sexualized) Gender Stereotype Among Children". UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/36.
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The current study examined children’s stereotypes about sexualized girls. Elementary school children (n = 208) from the mid-South between the ages of 6 and 11 completed a survey assessing their stereotypes about sexualized girls and non-sexualized girls. Participants were asked to justify, in their own words, their responses to several stereotypic evaluations. Children’s cognitive development was analyzed through classification skill as a moderator of belief in stereotypes about girls. Results revealed that children perceived the sexualized girl to be more popular and better liked by boys than the non-sexualized girl. However, the sexualized girl was also rated as less athletic, nice, smart, and typical than the non-sexualized girl. The non-sexualized girl was reported to have nicer clothes and was someone the participants would rather be friends with than the sexualized girl. Girls believed that they dressed more like and looked more like the non-sexualized girl than the sexualized girl, however, they had no preference for which girl they would rather look like. Classification skill moderated the endorsement of these stereotypes, such that high classifiers were more differentiated in their answers than low classifiers. Thus, the current study suggests that children have unique stereotypes about sexualized girls.
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Gilbert, Marion Grantham Youngs Richard Chalmer. "Cognitive development and humor comprehension with implications for teaching methodology". Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1990. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9115223.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 1990.Title from title page screen, viewed November 23, 2005. Dissertation Committee: Richard C. Youngs (chair), Walter D. Pierce, Elmer A. Lemke, Larry D. Kennedy. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-76) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Kitching, Marilize Mabel. "Developing an age-appropriate dental care programme for preschool children / Marilize M. Kitching". Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1078.
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Children's oral health is an important but often overlooked component of overall health. Tooth decay therefore remains a common phenomenon among children. It is however entirely preventable through early and sustained intervention. The aim of this research was to develop an age-appropriate programme to enhance children's knowledge and awareness of proper dental care. Action research was applied in this research, which was characterized by various cyclical research phases, including planning, reflecting and implementing. The initial phase of the research included a thorough literature investigation and a baseline assessment, consisting of a questionnaire which assessed preschool children's basic knowledge and awareness of proper dental care. Purposive sampling was used to select 52 Afrikaans-speaking children, between the ages of five and seven years, of different preschools. This age group was chosen because children in this developmental phase are at an age where their activity, curiosity and ability to construct a better system for understanding the world, are key to the process of development. The data obtained indicated a moderate level of knowledge and awareness among the participating children. The initial literature study and the baseline data informed the development of an age-appropriate dental care programme, according to Piaget's theory of cognitive development. The different developmental tasks of the identified age group were considered to be very important in the development of an age-appropriate programme and to teach children the basic aspects of proper dental care by using information and activities that are stimulating, creative and challenging. The programme focuses on basic aspects of proper dental care, including the healthy tooth, loss of primary teeth, the importance of primary teeth and development of permanent teeth, the process of tooth decay, diet, different ways of caring for teeth, and visiting the dentist. Parent involvement was also emphasized in the presentation of the programme. Specialist practitioners in the fields of developmental psychology and dentistry were asked to evaluate the newly developed programme. They were asked to focus on four specific areas, namely, general feedback on the questionnaire that was used for the initial baseline assessment, the overall appearance and presentation of the dental care programme, the relevance and appropriateness of the programme and its activities for the specific age group, and suggestions for further adjustments and improvements. Programme evaluation is an important part of the developmental process and contributes to the eventual appropriate and relevance of the intervention. The specialists' evaluation indicated that the programme appears to be a well-designed intervention that could contribute to enhancing preschool children's knowledge and awareness of proper dental care. Suggestions were made to adjust the programme in
certain areas to make it more appealing to children and to enhance its appropriateness and relevance. For example it was suggested that the language used in the programme be more consistent. More structure should be added to the programme manual to assist facilitators in presenting it. These suggestions were considered to be valuable in improving the efficacy of the age-appropriate programme and the adjustments were made.Thesis (M.A. (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.
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Chamberlain, Adeena M. "How does art, analogy, and mental imagery aid in cognitive development". Online pdf file accessible through the World Wide Web, 2007. http://archives.evergreen.edu/masterstheses/Accession89-10MIT/Chamberlain_A%20MITthesis%202007.pdf.
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Critten, Sarah. "Spelling and reading representations in children". Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/2260.
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This thesis sought to conceptualise children’s spelling and reading representations in a novel way based upon the implicit-explicit framework proposed by the Representational-Redescription (RR) model (Karmiloff-Smith, 1992). The children studied were aged 4-7 years. Existing models of spelling and reading (e.g. Frith, 1985, Ehri, 1998, 1999, 2002) describe the developmental process as a series of stages/phases. An alternative approach adopted here is derived from the author’s previous research (Critten et al. 2007). It employs a coding scheme that analyses children’s explanations of and performance on, recognition tasks that reveal varying levels of explicitness in understanding of spelling. In this thesis the levels are empirically validated for both spelling and reading. It begins with an attempt to show that young children represent spelling knowledge implicitly. A longitudinal study then elucidates the developmental trajectory of both spelling and reading over the course of a year demonstrating that changes occur in the explicitness of children’s underlying representations. By comparing the co-development of spelling and reading it was possible to demonstrate that phonological information is often explicitly used first in spelling before reading, lending support to Frith’s (1985) “pace maker” notions. The final study examined how context, previously known to facilitate children’s reading ability can also facilitate their spelling development. This effect occurs not just for reading and spelling performance but for explicit understanding, building on the Lexical Quality Hypothesis (Perfetti & Hart, 2002) that proposes a role for semantic information in successful spelling and reading. These findings are integrated into a proposal for a new model of development: the Spelling and Reading Explicitation Model (SREM). This model postulates that children develop beyond implicit recognition to form “active” explicit representations, accounting for generalisation errors and characterised as being consciously accessible and verbalisable. It proposes that the development of reading and spelling skill is based upon processes of abstraction, interpretation and application of phonological and morphological knowledge.
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George, Nathan R. "The Force of Language: How Children Acquire the Semantic Categories of Force Dynamics". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/261450.
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PsychologyPh.D.
Verbs and prepositions encode relations within events, such as a child running towards the top of a hill or a second child pushing the first away from the top. These relational terms present significant challenges in language acquisition, requiring the mapping of the categorical system of language onto the continuous stream of information in events. This challenge is magnified when considering the complexities of events themselves. Events consist of part-whole relations, or partonomic hierarchies, in which events defined by smaller boundaries, such as the child running up the hill, can be integrated into broader categories, such as the second child preventing the first from reaching the top (Zacks & Tversky, 2001). This dissertation addresses how this partonomic hierarchy in events is paralleled in the structure of relational language. I examine the semantic category of force dynamics, or "how entities interact with respect to force" (Talmy, 1988, p. 49), which introduces broad categories (e.g., help, prevent) that incorporate previously independent relations in events, such as paths, goals, and causality. Two studies ask how children and adults navigate the tension between fine and broad categories in their nonlinguistic representations of force and motion events and whether language - in the form of both labels and syntactic cues - helps children to integrate previously independent relations into these higher order constructs. Participants completed a novel task designed to assess the saliency of force dynamics relations across events. Participants viewed an animated event depicting a force dynamics relation (e.g., prevent, cause) and were asked to identify which of two perceptually varied events (i.e., different characters and setting) depicted the same relation. Study One extends previous research, showing that adults encode force dynamics relations in nonlinguistic contexts. Study Two examined these representations in 4-year-olds, both with and without linguistic cues. Absent linguistic cues, children showed no evidence of encoding force dynamics; however, the presence of language highlighted these relations, improving children's attention to these broader categories in events. The results are the first to explore the problem of hierarchies in relational language and demonstrate a novel role for language in drawing children's attention to the presence of relations between relations.
Temple University--Theses
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Gupta, Atika M. "Mothers' Cognitive Empathy Towards Their Biracial Children". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/768.
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Limited research has been conducted on biracial people. Of the current research that examines mother’s cognitive empathy towards her child, there is little focus on how the differences in perceived racialization of the child (child is perceived as racially similar, dissimilar, or mixed in comparison to his or her mother) may influence mother’s cognitive empathy towards her child. The current study will question whether perceived phenotypic racialization of the child, race of the mother, gender of the child, and diversity of the neighborhood that the mother and child live in influence mothers’ cognitive empathy towards their children. The participants will be 480 mothers who are Asian (120), Black (120), Hispanic (120), and White (120), whose first-born child is biracial, male or female, and between the ages of 7 and 10. Participants will complete an adapted version of the Parent Development Interview (PDI), coded with a modified version of the Parent Affective and Cognitive Empathy Scale (PACES). The results will show that there are significant differences in how mothers empathize with their children due to a range of variables. The findings will add to the literature on biracial people and may help aid future studies on the implications that differing levels of cognitive empathy have on mother-child relationships and development.
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Loucks, Jeffery Thomas 1979. "Familiarity and organization of action memory in adults and young children". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10231.
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xv, 140 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.Although research on action processing indicates people segment action according to a partonomic goal hierarchy, no previous research has investigated whether memory for complex human action is actually organized in the mind with respect to goals. This dissertation explored the primary organization of action memory in adults and young children and explored the role of familiarity in young children's organization of action in memory. Borrowing from the text memory literature, a priming experiment was designed to investigate the degree to which action memory is organized with respect to goals versus veridical temporal structure. In all studies, participants viewed videos in which goals were carried out in an interleaved fashion, such that the execution of a goal was at times interrupted by action related to the other goal. In a first experiment with adults, the results indicated that adults reorganize action information in memory in order to emphasize goal structure relative to verbatim temporal structure. A second control experiment with adults clarified that the goal priming effect observed in the first experiment arose as a result of viewing the action scenario and was not simply due to the stimuli cuing pre-existing semantic memory. The results of a third experiment with adults revealed this process of goal organization is unlikely to be a by-product of goal-based linguistic encoding, but instead reflects encoding of human action itself. Young children's action memory was examined in a fourth experiment, and the role of children's familiarity with the action scenarios in action memory organization was also explored. Children did not display a significant tendency to organize action according to goal inferences (or temporal structure, either, for that matter). As well, children's prior familiarity with action did not modulate their memory organization to any significant degree. Overall, the results of this dissertation suggest that adult memory for action emphasizes goal inferences but cannot speak to how or when this process in achieved developmentally. These findings have implications for contemporary theories of action processing, point to commonalities in the processing of language and human action, and open the door to future research into the development of action memory organization.
Committee in charge: Dare Baldwin, Chairperson, Psychology; Marjorie Taylor, Member, Psychology; Ulrich Mayr, Member, Psychology; Eric Pederson, Outside Member, Linguistics
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Nelson, Suchitra Shirley. "A cohort study on Toxocara canis infection and cognitive development in preschool children". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1060275701.
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Broce, Iris J. "Brain Networks Supporting Literacy Development". FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3040.
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The development of fluent reading requires coordinated development of key fiber pathways. While several fiber pathways have been implicated in reading, including the recently re-identified vertical occipital fasciculus (VOF), inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), arcuate fasciculus and its 3 components, and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), whether these fiber pathways support reading in young children with little to no exposure to print remains poorly understood. Consequently, over the course of three studies, the current dissertation aimed to narrow this research gap by addressing the following research questions: 1) Which fiber pathways support early literacy skill in young children 5-10 years old? 2) Are microstructural properties of these tracts predictive of age-related changes in reading across an interval of two years? 3) Do different components of the recently identified VOF differentially support reading? To answer these questions, we used diffusion-weighted imaging to measure white-matter development and to relate the microstructural properties of each fiber pathway to early literacy and literacy development. We report several novel findings that contribute to our growing understanding of the white matter connections supporting early literacy and literacy. For the first time, these studies revealed that the re-identified VOF can be reliably tracked in young children, bilaterally and is composed of three main components, which project from occipital temporal sulcus to angular, and middle and superior occipital gyri. We also found that the left AF, bilateral ILF, and particular components of the VOF play a role in early literacy and literacy development. Implications for contemporary models of reading development are discussed.
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Preston, Terry. "Music, cognitive development, and success in the school environment". Online pdf file accessible through the World Wide Web, 2009. http://archives.evergreen.edu/masterstheses/Accession89-10MIT/Preston_TMITthesis2009.pdf.
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Sills, Jennifer. "Cognitive development in infant school age children : the impact of collaboration and mindfulness". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6787/.
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Dyson, Alisa Shook. "Early childhood cognitive development a descriptive study on the effectiveness of preschool curricula /". Lynchburg, Va. : Liberty University, 2006. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.
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Penick, Starrla. "Comparison of Evangelical Christian Children's God-Concepts and Logical Thinking Ability". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3629/.
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God-concepts of 24 third to sixth grade evangelical Christian children were compared with the children‘s logical thinking abilities in a mixed-method study. Measurements included the Children‘s Interview and the Group Assessment of Logical Thinking (GALT). God-concepts among the children were Biblical, comforter, communicates, creator, empowering, protector, provider, purposeful, human characteristics, lives in heaven, male, counselor, God is Jesus, all-knowing, loving, perfect, powerful, real, and parental. The majority of concrete thinkers conceptualized God as a gracious guide. The majority of transitional thinkers viewed God also as a gracious guide as well as a distant divinity. Implications were given for religious educators to develop a model for age-appropriate instruction and curriculum and to equip parents to promote spiritual development with children at home.
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Cragg, Lucy. "The development of executive function in childhood". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e47c4799-f629-45cf-902c-46377e855024.
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The experiments in this thesis explored the development of executive function in 5- to 11-year-old children. Developmentally-appropriate versions of the task-switching paradigm, go/no-go task and self-ordered pointing test were used to measure shifting, inhibition and working memory respectively. These executive skills were examined independently and within-task experimental manipulations were used to explore both the executive and non-executive processes that influenced children’s performance. These allowed the investigation of not only when, but also how executive function develops. It was found that shifting development, as measured by the task-switching paradigm was highly influenced by the specific tasks switched between and the conflict created by the overlap of the tasks, as well as by previous task experience. Working memory for pictures was also influenced by previous experience and task difficulty, however the predicted relationship between memory for nameable objects and language ability was not found. Inhibition on the go/no-go paradigm appeared to be driven by an improvement in the efficiency of response inhibition enabling older children to inhibit a response at an earlier stage during the movement. Shifting, inhibition and working memory all showed developmental improvements during mid-childhood, demonstrating the protracted development of executive function. Shifting and working memory showed a similar pattern of development whereas inhibition reached a stable level of performance at an earlier age. There were no correlations between the three executive skills studied in this thesis, supporting the fractionation of executive function.
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Barnes, Kelly Anne. "Implicit learning in typical development and children with developmental disorders". Connect to Electronic Thesis (ProQuest), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.library.lausys.georgetown.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3320707.
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Almutairi, Seham M. "THE ROLE OF PARENTING FACTORS IN ACCELERATING OR HINDERING THE DEVELOPMENT OF HEF IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1554984908299487.
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Coon, Tamara. "The effect of parenting stress on children's cognitive development examining the variables of sex and race/ethnic origin /". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5032.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on March 21, 2008) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.