Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Cognitive ageing”
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Harada, Etsuko, Yuhki Harada, Tazu Mizunami, Shinnosuke Tanaka i Satoru Suto. "Cognitive Reflection Test and ageing: Relation with cognitive ageing". Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 81 (20.09.2017): 2D—038–2D—038. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.81.0_2d-038.
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Chuangchai, Warawoot, i Sebastiaan Raymaekers. "Design Perspective of Environmental Interventions through the Stroop Effect, Juggling, and Volunteering for Successful Ageing and Cognitive Health: A Review". Journal of Architectural/Planning Research and Studies (JARS) 20, nr 2 (28.11.2022): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.56261/jars.v20.248825.
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Environmental design is one of the solutions that supports the idea of successful ageing as well as cognitive health. Designing with environmental interventions offers opportunities for restoration, maintenance, or even enhancement of cognition, particularly in ageing people. Problems of cognitive health, such as mild cognitive impairment and dementia, are frequently and naturally found in ageing people. Design practices and experimental studies in related fields are moving forward at a rapid pace. However, less data are available in relation to design perspectives for cognitive health in the ageing population. This article reviews the benefits of environmental interventions in enhancing cognitive function for ageing people. Relevant English language documents were searched and reviewed through online databases e.g. Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and ResearchGate. In this review, the environmental interventions include both physical and social environment interventions. The physical interventions focus on selective attention and decision-making via the Stroop effect and juggling balls respectively. The social intervention focuses on positive behaviour and benefits related to volunteerism and volunteer activities. This article presents environmental interventions that can be integrated as normal daily activities for ageing people to live healthier and more cognitively enriching lives. These interventions could be used in wellness design strategies and applications for designers. The findings of this review also extend the boundaries of designing for the ageing population as an advantage for specialists. Designing with an understanding of cognitive health in ageing people is beneficial and recommended.
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Rabbitt, Patrick, i Christine Lowe. "Patterns of cognitive ageing". Psychological Research 63, nr 3-4 (18.08.2000): 308–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004269900009.
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Doyle, Colleen, Mary Luszcz i Peter Rendell. "Real and Perceived Effects of Ageing on Cognition". Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 9, nr 2 (listopad 1992): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s081651220002664x.
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ABSTRACTA symposium on ageing research was held at the 7th Australian Developmental Conference in July 1992. The theme of the symposium was the effect of ageing on cognition. Empirical and theoretical papers presented evidence for cognitive decline in late adulthood. However, discussion of the modifiability of cognition tempered the pessimistic view of cognitive ability in old age. Interdisciplinary studies such as the Berlin Aging Study provide hope for the discovery of factors affecting successful ageing by examining the interaction between health, personality, social factors, and cognition.
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El YOUBI, Naoual, i Benaissa ZARHBOUCH. "COGNITIVE AGEING BETWEEN CUMULATIVE EFFECT OF LIFESTYLE AND CATCH-UP COGNITIVE INTERVENTIONS". International Journal of Humanities and Educational Research 5, nr 02 (1.04.2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2757-5403.19.1.
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Normal neurocognitive aging is characterized by its selective effect on the damaged neuronal regions and at the cognitive level. This heterogeneous nature constituted a strong motive for deepening the research on the causes of the emergence of interindividual cognitive differences within the same age group, helped by functional brain imaging techniques. The study starts from this premise and aims to shed light on the concept of "successful aging" from a neurocognitive perspective. This concept is at the center of attention of many researchers in various disciplines as it is related to two basic concepts: The firs concept is "brain reserve." It is related to people’s lifestyle, and is built and accumulated over the course of life through people's behaviours that are neurologically, and cognitively (reserve indicators) stimulated. The second concept is "Overdue reserve”. It is related to intensive cognitive interventions (indicators of Overdue reserve), as a catch-up and efficient mechanism that enables people with low levels of brain reserve to stimulate neuroplasticity, which contributes to enhance their cognitive performance. This study aims to explore the appropriate conditions, and effective ways, to help people develop functional neurological resistance against the decline that characterizes human cognition with advancing age. Hence, maintaining proper cognitive functioning contributes to improving the quality of life of seniors as well as enabling them to age healthily: psychologically, cognitively, and socially.
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Meunier, Claire C., Ellen Smit, Annette L. Fitzpatrick i Michelle C. Odden. "Balance and cognitive decline in older adults in the cardiovascular health study". Age and Ageing 50, nr 4 (10.03.2021): 1342–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afab038.
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Abstract Background Previous studies have demonstrated an association between gait speed and cognitive function. However, the relationship between balance and cognition remains less well explored. This study examined the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationship of balance and cognitive decline in older adults. Methods A cohort of 4,811 adults, aged ≥65 years, participating in the Cardiovascular Health Study was followed for 6 years. Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MSE) and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) were used to measure cognition. Tandem balance measures were used to evaluate balance. Regression models were adjusted for demographics, behavioural and disease factors. Results Worse balance was independently associated with worse cognition in cross-sectional analysis. Longitudinally, participants aged ≥76 years with poorer balance had a faster rate of decline after adjustment for co-variates: −0.97 points faster decline in 3MSE per year (95% confidence interval (CI): −1.32, −0.63) compared to the participants with good balance. There was no association of balance and change in 3MSE among adults aged <76 years (P value for balance and age interaction < 0.0001). DSST scores reflected −0.21 (95% CI: −0.37, −0.05) points greater decline when adjusted for co-variates. In Cox proportional hazard models, participants with worse balance had a higher risk of being cognitively impaired over the 6 years of follow-up visits (adjusted HR:1.72, 95% CI: 1.30, 2.29). Conclusions Future studies should evaluate standing balance as a potential screening technique to identify individuals at risk of cognitive decline. Furthermore, a better understanding of the pathophysiological link between balance and cognition may inform strategies to prevent cognitive decline.
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Newton, Fleur. "The effect of Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) groups for dementia on participant’s attitudes to ageing: A practice-based study". FPOP Bulletin: Psychology of Older People 1, nr 133 (styczeń 2016): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsfpop.2016.1.133.25.
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This practice-based study investigated the effects of Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) in everyday NHS clinical settings on both routine outcomes and attitudes to ageing. This is important given that negative ageist beliefs have been linked to decline in health and wellbeing among older people, especially those with a dementia diagnosis. A quantitative pre-test/post-test design was used to evaluate changes in participant outcomes for cognition, quality of life and ageing attitudes. A total of 82 CST participants with mild to moderate dementia were included in the study. Significant improvements on measures of quality of life and attitudes to ageing were found pre- to post-CST, and a holding pattern of no change was observed for cognition. A significant positive correlation was established between ageing attitudes and quality of life. Demographic characteristics were not found to have an influence on the treatment effects of CST. These findings provide additional evidence that CST can produce routine improvements in clinical practice settings that are equally applicable across age and gender. Of clinical significance is the finding that CST improves the attitudes to ageing of older people with dementia, as this is the first time it has been empirically studied. This further highlights the potential of CST as a de-stigmatising, positive ageing intervention.
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Taylor, Morag, Stephen Lord, Annika Toots i Close Jacqueline. "33 Cognitive Domain Associations with Balance Performance in Community – Dwelling Older People with Cognitive Impairment". Age and Ageing 48, Supplement_4 (grudzień 2019): iv9—iv12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz164.33.
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Abstract Aims Investigate the relationship between global cognition and cognitive domain function and balance performance in a large sample of older people with cognitive impairment. Methods Three hundred and nine community-dwelling older people (mean age=82 years; 47% female) with cognitive impairment were recruited for the iFOCIS fall prevention randomised controlled trial. Baseline assessments completed before randomisation were used for analyses and included the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-III (ACE-III; global cognitive function) and its individual cognitive domains (attention; memory; verbal fluency; language; visuospatial ability) and executive function, further examined using the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB). Balance performance was derived by averaging postural sway on floor and foam, maximal balance range (reverse z-score) and co-ordinated stability z-scores. With balance performance as the dependent variable, global cognition and each cognitive domain were entered into multivariate linear regression models. Results Mean (± standard deviation) ACE-III and FAB scores were 62.8±19.2 and 11.4±4.6 respectively. In linear regression analyses adjusted for covariates, global cognitive function and each cognitive domain were significantly associated with balance performance. Executive function (verbal fluency; β=-.248, p<0.001, adjusted R2=0.376) and visuospatial ability (β=-.250, p<0.001, adjusted R2=0.381) had the strongest and memory the weakest (β=-.119, p=0.018, adjusted R2=0.334) association with balance. Visuospatial ability remained significantly associated with balance performance when adjusted for attention, memory, language, verbal fluency and the FAB. Executive function (verbal fluency) remained significantly associated with balance when adjusted for attention, memory, language and visuospatial ability. Conversely, attention, memory, and language did not withstand adjustment for visuospatial ability or executive function. Conclusions Poorer global cognition and performance in each cognitive domain were associated with poorer balance performance in this large sample of community-dwelling older people with cognitive impairment. Visuospatial ability and executive function were independently associated with balance, highlighting the role higher-level cognitive processes and spatial perception and processing play in postural control.
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Taylor, Morag, Annika Toots, Jacqueline C. T. Close, Kim Van Schooten, Matthew Brodie i Kim Delbaere. "162 Walking, Thinking and Daily-Life Activity in Older People with Dementia". Age and Ageing 48, Supplement_4 (grudzień 2019): iv34—iv39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz164.162.
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Abstract Gait has been linked with cognition in cognitively healthy and impaired older people. However, the studies in cognitively impaired people have been small, have not contrasted the strength of cognitive domain associations and have reported inconsistent findings. We examined baseline data of 309 older people with mild-moderate cognitive impairment (age 82±6 years; 47% female) who were participating in a large fall prevention randomised controlled trial. Gait speed was measured at usual pace over 2.4m and cognitive performance was assessed with the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-III (ACE-III). The ACE-III assesses cognitive domain performance (attention; memory; verbal fluency; language; visuospatial ability). Executive function (EF) was additionally examined using the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB). Each cognitive domain was associated with gait speed in separate models adjusted for confounders. EF (verbal fluency and the FAB) demonstrated the strongest association which withstood adjustment for attention, memory, language and visuospatial ability. In contrast, visuospatial ability was the only cognitive domain to withstand adjustment for EF (verbal fluency, not the FAB). These findings support higher-order gait regulation. Characterising individuals at risk of negative health outcomes can assist in identifying effective prevention strategies. Forty-five older people with mild-moderate dementia were age-sex matched to two (n=90) healthy controls and all participants (age 81±6 years, 42% female) wore triaxial accelerometers (MoveMonitor, McRoberts) on their lower back for 7-days. Daily-life gait quantity and quality were estimated from the MoveMonitor. Steady-state clinical walking speed was assessed at usual pace over 2.4 to 10.0m. Participants with dementia had reduced gait quantity, slower clinical, habitual daily-life and maximum daily-life walking speeds and multi-domain gait impairment compared to controls. In participants with dementia, clinical walking speed more closely represented habitual daily-life walking speed, whereas in controls, it more closely represented maximum daily-life walking speed. These findings have assessment, functional (e.g. crossing roads) and training/treatment implications.
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McCall, Vikki, Alasdair C. Rutherford, Alison Bowes, Sadhana Jagannath, Mary Njoki, Martin Quirke, Catherine M. Pemble i in. "Othering Older People’s Housing: Gaming Ageing to Support Future-Planning". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, nr 3 (5.03.2024): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21030304.
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The ‘othering’ of ageing is linked to an integrated process of ageism and hinders planning for the future for both individuals and practitioners delivering housing and health services. This paper aims to explore how creative interventions can help personalise, exchange knowledge and lead to system changes that tackle the ‘othering’ of ageing. The Designing Homes for Healthy Cognitive Ageing (DesHCA) project offers new and creative insights through an innovative methodology utilising ‘serious games’ with a co-produced tool called ‘Our House’ that provides insights into how to deliver housing for older people for ageing well in place. In a series of playtests with over 128 people throughout the UK, the findings show that serious games allow interaction, integration and understanding of how ageing affects people professionally and personally. The empirical evidence highlights that the game mechanisms allowed for a more in-depth and nuanced consideration of ageing in a safe and creative environment. These interactions and discussions enable individuals to personalise and project insights to combat the ‘othering’ of ageing. However, the solutions are restrained as overcoming the consequences of ageism is a societal challenge with multilayered solutions. The paper concludes that serious gaming encourages people to think differently about the concept of healthy ageing—both physically and cognitively—with the consideration of scalable and creative solutions to prepare for ageing in place.
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Scanlon, L., E. O'Shea, R. O'Caoimh i S. Timmons. "74 * ASSESSMENT OF COGNITION USING COGNITIVE TRAINING APPLICATIONS". Age and Ageing 43, suppl 2 (1.10.2014): ii24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afu135.1.
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Yang, Rungong, Shuhong Fu, Liang Zhao, Bei Zhen, Ling Ye, Xiaolu Niu, Xiaoxia Li, Pumin Zhang i Jie Bai. "Quantitation of circulating GDF-11 and β2-MG in aged patients with age-related impairment in cognitive function". Clinical Science 131, nr 15 (7.07.2017): 1895–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20171028.
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Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF-11) has been implicated in reverse effects of ageing on the central nervous system of humans. β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) has been reported to negatively regulate cognition. However, there is a lot of controversy about the role of GDF-11 and β2-MG in ageing and cognitive regulation. To examine the involvement of GDF-11 and β2-MG in the ageing process and cognitive dysfunction, a total of 51 healthy subjects and 41 elderly patients with different degrees of age-related cognitive impairment participated in the study. We measured plasma GDF-11 and β2-MG levels using ELISA and immunoturbidimetry, respectively. The results were statistically analyzed to evaluate the associations between levels of GDF-11 and β2-MG, and ageing and cognitive impairments. Circulating GDF-11 levels did not decline with age or correlate with ageing in healthy Chinese males. We did not detect differences in circulating GDF-11 levels amongst the healthy advanced age and four cognitive impairment groups. β2-MG levels increased with age, but there was no significant difference between healthy elderly males and advanced age males. Increased levels of β2-MG were observed in the dementia group compared with the healthy advanced age group. Our results suggest that circulating GDF-11 may not exert a protective effect during the ageing process or on cognitive function, and β2-MG may play a role in ageing and cognitive impairment. However, it is possible that the relatively small sample size in the present study affected the quality of the statistical analysis, and future studies are needed to further validate our findings.
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Gülbün Asuman Yüksel i Gizem Gürsoy. "Cognitive ageing: 20 years process". World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 12, nr 3 (30.12.2021): 304–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.12.3.0692.
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Background: People with normal functionality have normal cognitive changes associated with the ageing process while many people age without cognitive decline. The most exact effects of age are cognitive impairments in learning, memory, and problem solving. These age-related effects slightly increase or do not change for many years, and do not affect the daily life activities of the person. Methods: To investigate age-related cognitive effects, detailed cognitive evaluations were compared with 20 years intervals in 7 (seven) elderly individuals at Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital in 2019. These individuals are continuing daily life activities and sociocultural relations independently. Mini-mental state examination, verbal memory processes test and visual memory test-Wechsler memory scale for memory processes, digit span test for attention function, verbal fluency, similarities, stroop, and trail-making test for the evaluation of frontal lobe functions, Benton’s line direction determination test for the visuospatial organization have been applied to individuals. Results: In comparison with the cognitive test results applied twenty years ago; immediate memory impairment is evident, abstraction and attention function are relatively less affected. The tests showing the frontal lobe function, the verbal fluency which also reflects the vocabulary information is less affected, while the cognitive impairment is more in consecutive-complex processes. Conclusion: Cognitive functions based on attention, vocabulary and knowledge are substantially preserved with mild improvement in normal ageing. The most important improvement is on executive functions due to the decrease in motor and cognitive processing speed in cases where complex information needs to be processed.
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Fisk, John E., i Charles Sharp. "Syllogistic reasoning and cognitive ageing". Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 55, nr 4 (październik 2002): 1273–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724980244000107.
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Gilinsky and Judd (1994) demonstrated that age-related impairment in syllogistic reasoning was in part due to reduced working-memory capacity. A total of 30 older (average age 66 years) and 34 younger persons (average age 24 years) were tested on syllogisms of various types as well as on other measures. Syllogistic reasoning was significantly correlated with education, processing speed, word span, and word fluency. Correlations with visuo-spatial processing and random letter generation were just short of significance. Syllogistic reasoning performance declined with age, although the deficit was no longer statistically significant following control for age-related differences in information-processing speed. On the other hand the inclusion of word fluency as an additional covariate boosted the apparent age effect, returning it to statistical significance. Thus it is possible that cognitive processes outside of working memory might underpin at least part of the apparent age deficit. This possibility is evaluated in the light of neuropsychological evidence implicating the prefrontal cortex in both the processing of syllogisms and more generally in cognitive ageing.
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Grady, Cheryl. "The cognitive neuroscience of ageing". Nature Reviews Neuroscience 13, nr 7 (20.06.2012): 491–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrn3256.
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Demonet, Jean-Francois. "The ageing-brain cognitive diseases". Current Opinion in Neurology 30, nr 6 (grudzień 2017): 587–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wco.0000000000000499.
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Blyth, F. M., i L. M. Waite. "Pain, cognitive function and ageing". Pain 151, nr 1 (październik 2010): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2010.06.013.
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Mazzonna, Fabrizio, i Franco Peracchi. "Ageing, cognitive abilities and retirement". European Economic Review 56, nr 4 (maj 2012): 691–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2012.03.004.
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Verheggen, Inge C. M., Joost J. A. de Jong, Martin P. J. van Boxtel, Alida A. Postma, Jacobus F. A. Jansen, Frans R. J. Verhey i Walter H. Backes. "Imaging the role of blood–brain barrier disruption in normal cognitive ageing". GeroScience 42, nr 6 (6.10.2020): 1751–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11357-020-00282-1.
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AbstractTo investigate whether blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption is a potential mechanism of usual age-related cognitive decline, we conducted dynamic contrast–enhanced (DCE) MRI to measure BBB leakage in a healthy sample, and investigated the association with longitudinal cognitive decline. In a sample of neurologically and cognitively healthy, older individuals, BBB leakage rate in the white and grey matter and hippocampus was measured using DCE MRI with pharmacokinetic modelling. Regression analysis was performed to investigate whether the leakage rate was associated with decline in cognitive performance (memory encoding, memory retrieval, executive functioning and processing speed) over 12 years. White and grey matter BBB leakages were significantly associated with decline in memory retrieval. No significant relations were found between hippocampal BBB leakage and cognitive performance. BBB disruption already being associated with usual cognitive ageing, supports that this neurovascular alteration is a possible explanation for the cognitive decline inherent to the ageing process. More insight into BBB leakage during the normal ageing process could improve estimation and interpretation of leakage rate in pathological conditions. The current results might also stimulate the search for strategies to maintain BBB integrity and help increase the proportion people experiencing successful ageing. Netherlands Trial Register number: NL6358, date of registration: 2017-03-24.
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Ayers, Emmeline, i Joe Verghese. "Locomotion, cognition and influences of nutrition in ageing". Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 73, nr 2 (1.11.2013): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665113003716.
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Gait and cognitive impairments in older adults can reflect the simultaneous existence of two syndromes that affect certain brain substrates and pathologies. Nutritional deficiencies, which are extremely common among elderly population worldwide, have potential to impact the existence and rehabilitation of both syndromes. Gait and cognition are controlled by brain circuits which are vulnerable to multiple age-related pathologies such as vascular diseases, inflammation and dementias that may be caused or accentuated by poor nutrition or deficiencies that lead to cognitive, gait or combined cognitive and gait impairments. The following review aims to link gait and cognitive classifications and provide an overview of the potential impact of nutritional deficiencies on both neurological and gait dysfunctions. The identification of common modifiable risk factors, such as poor nutrition, may serve as an important preventative strategy to reduce cognitive and mobility impairments and moderate the growing burden of dementia and disability worldwide.
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O'Caoimh, R., Y. Gao, P. F. Gallagher, J. Eustace, C. McGlade i D. W. Molloy. "Which part of the Quick mild cognitive impairment screen (Qmci) discriminates between normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment and dementia?" Age and Ageing 42, nr 3 (23.04.2013): 324–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/aft044.
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Hamilton, Gillian, Sarah E. Harris, Gail Davies, David C. Liewald, Albert Tenesa, John M. Starr, David Porteous i Ian J. Deary. "Alzheimer's Disease Genes Are Associated with Measures of Cognitive Ageing in the Lothian Birth Cohorts of 1921 and 1936". International Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 2011 (2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/505984.
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Alzheimer's disease patients have deficits in specific cognitive domains, and susceptibility genes for this disease may influence human cognition in nondemented individuals. To evaluate the role of Alzheimer's disease-linked genetic variation on cognition and normal cognitive ageing, we investigated two Scottish cohorts for which assessments in major cognitive domains are available: the Lothian Birth Cohort of 1921 and the Lothian Birth Cohort of 1936, consisting of 505 and 998 individuals, respectively. 158 SNPs from eleven genes were evaluated. Single SNP analyses did not reveal any statistical association after correction for multiple testing. One haplotype fromTRAPPC6Awas associated with nonverbal reasoning in both cohorts and combined data sets. This haplotype explains a small proportion of the phenotypic variability (1.8%). These findings warrant further investigation as biological modifiers of cognitive ageing.
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Deary, Ian J., Gillian Hamilton, Caroline Hayward, Lawrence J. Whalley, John Powell, John M. Starr i Simon Lovestone. "Nicastrin gene polymorphisms, cognitive ability level and cognitive ageing". Neuroscience Letters 373, nr 2 (styczeń 2005): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2004.09.073.
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Monti, Jim M., Christopher J. Moulton i Neal J. Cohen. "The role of nutrition on cognition and brain health in ageing: a targeted approach". Nutrition Research Reviews 28, nr 2 (grudzień 2015): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954422415000141.
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AbstractAnimal experiments and cross-sectional or prospective longitudinal research in human subjects suggest a role for nutrition in cognitive ageing. However, data from randomised controlled trials (RCT) that seek causal evidence for the impact of nutrients on cognitive ageing in humans often produce null results. Given that RCT test hypotheses in a rigorous fashion, one conclusion could be that the positive effects of nutrition on the aged brain observed in other study designs are spurious. On the other hand, it may be that the design of many clinical trials conducted thus far has been less than optimal. In the present review, we offer a blueprint for a more targeted approach to the design of RCT in nutrition, cognition and brain health in ageing that focuses on three key areas. First, the role of nutrition is more suited for the maintenance of health rather than the treatment of disease. Second, given that cognitive functions and brain regions vary in their susceptibility to ageing, those that especially deteriorate in senescence should be focal points in evaluating the efficacy of an intervention. Third, the outcome measures that assess change due to nutrition, especially in the cognitive domain, should not necessarily be the same neuropsychological tests used to assess gross brain damage or major pathological conditions. By addressing these three areas, we expect that clinical trials of nutrition, cognition and brain health in ageing will align more closely with other research in this field, and aid in revealing the true nature of nutrition’s impact on the aged brain.
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Pichet Binette, Alexa, Julie Gonneaud, Jacob W. Vogel, Renaud La Joie, Pedro Rosa-Neto, D. Louis Collins, Judes Poirier, John C. S. Breitner, Sylvia Villeneuve i Etienne Vachon-Presseau. "Morphometric network differences in ageing versus Alzheimer’s disease dementia". Brain 143, nr 2 (1.02.2020): 635–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awz414.
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Abstract Age being the main risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease, it is particularly challenging to disentangle structural changes related to normal brain ageing from those specific to Alzheimer’s disease. Most studies aiming to make this distinction focused on older adults only and on a priori anatomical regions. Drawing on a large, multi-cohort dataset ranging from young adults (n = 468; age range 18–35 years), to older adults with intact cognition (n = 431; age range 55–90 years) and with Alzheimer’s disease (n = 50 with late mild cognitive impairment and 71 with Alzheimer’s dementia, age range 56–88 years), we investigated grey matter organization and volume differences in ageing and Alzheimer’s disease. Using independent component analysis on all participants’ structural MRI, we first derived morphometric networks and extracted grey matter volume in each network. We also derived a measure of whole-brain grey matter pattern organization by correlating grey matter volume in all networks across all participants from the same cohort. We used logistic regressions and receiver operating characteristic analyses to evaluate how well grey matter volume in each network and whole-brain pattern could discriminate between ageing and Alzheimer’s disease. Because increased heterogeneity is often reported as one of the main features characterizing brain ageing, we also evaluated interindividual heterogeneity within morphometric networks and across the whole-brain organization in ageing and Alzheimer’s disease. Finally, to investigate the clinical validity of the different grey matter features, we evaluated whether grey matter volume or whole-brain pattern was related to clinical progression in cognitively normal older adults. Ageing and Alzheimer’s disease contributed additive effects on grey matter volume in nearly all networks, except frontal lobe networks, where differences in grey matter were more specific to ageing. While no networks specifically discriminated Alzheimer’s disease from ageing, heterogeneity in grey matter volumes across morphometric networks and in the whole-brain grey matter pattern characterized individuals with cognitive impairments. Preservation of the whole-brain grey matter pattern was also related to lower risk of developing cognitive impairment, more so than grey matter volume. These results suggest both ageing and Alzheimer’s disease involve widespread atrophy, but that the clinical expression of Alzheimer’s disease is uniquely associated with disruption of morphometric organization.
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Lupien, S. J., i N. Wan. "Successful ageing: from cell to self". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 359, nr 1449 (29.09.2004): 1413–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1516.
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Many people see ageing as a time of cognitive and physical decline. For the past three decades, most scientists and the general public have accepted this negative age–stereotype as the norm, but fortunately this view is now challenged. New findings show that well–being and a positive view of ageing are major protective factors against the effects of age on the organism. These results challenge the scientific studies that place emphasis on the negative side of ageing. This ageism view has been observed in each sphere of science, from genetics to social sciences. Perspectives from each domain are described, and new integrative views of successful ageing are summarized.
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Pieper, Nina T., Carlota M. Grossi, Wei-Yee Chan, Yoon K. Loke, George M. Savva, Clara Haroulis, Nicholas Steel i in. "Anticholinergic drugs and incident dementia, mild cognitive impairment and cognitive decline: a meta-analysis". Age and Ageing 49, nr 6 (29.06.2020): 939–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afaa090.
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Abstract Background the long-term effect of the use of drugs with anticholinergic activity on cognitive function remains unclear. Methods we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between anticholinergic drugs and risk of dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and cognitive decline in the older population. We identified studies published between January 2002 and April 2018 with ≥12 weeks follow-up between strongly anticholinergic drug exposure and the study outcome measurement. We pooled adjusted odds ratios (OR) for studies reporting any, and at least short-term (90+ days) or long-term (365+ days) anticholinergic use for dementia and MCI outcomes, and standardised mean differences (SMD) in global cognition test scores for cognitive decline outcomes. Statistical heterogeneity was measured using the I2 statistic and risk of bias using ROBINS-I. Results twenty-six studies (including 621,548 participants) met our inclusion criteria. ‘Any’ anticholinergic use was associated with incident dementia (OR 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09–1.32, I2 = 86%). Short-term and long-term use were also associated with incident dementia (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.17–1.29, I2 = 2%; and OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.22–1.85, I2 = 90%). ‘Any’ anticholinergic use was associated with cognitive decline (SMD 0.15; 95% CI 0.09–0.21, I2 = 3%) but showed no statistically significant difference for MCI (OR 1.24, 95% CI 0.97–1.59, I2 = 0%). Conclusions anticholinergic drug use is associated with increased dementia incidence and cognitive decline in observational studies. However, a causal link cannot yet be inferred, as studies were observational with considerable risk of bias. Stronger evidence from high-quality studies is needed to guide the management of long-term use.
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Huang, J., J. Schmeidler, M. S. Beeri, C. Rosendorff, S. Bhatia, R. K. West, I. N. Bespalova, R. Mavris i J. M. Silverman. "Haemoglobin A1c and cognitive function in very old, cognitively intact men". Age and Ageing 41, nr 1 (18.09.2011): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afr124.
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Hayashi, Yuki, i Akinori Abe. "Cognitive Content Generation for Healthy Ageing". Journal of Robotics, Networking and Artificial Life 5, nr 3 (2018): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/jrnal.2018.5.3.2.
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Weber, Daniela. "Social engagement to prevent cognitive ageing?" Age and Ageing 45, nr 4 (4.05.2016): 441–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afw083.
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Welsh, S. W., F. M. Corrigan, W. E. Smith i D. F. Horrobin. "Plasma thiols, cognitive function and ageing". Clinica Chimica Acta 249, nr 1-2 (maj 1996): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-8981(96)06277-8.
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Hayashi, Yuki, i Akinori Abe. "Cognitive Content Generation for Healthy Ageing". Proceedings of International Conference on Artificial Life and Robotics 23 (2.02.2018): 683–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5954/icarob.2018.os17-6.
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FitzGerald, D., R. A. Keane, A. Reid i D. O'Neill. "Ageing, cognitive disorders and professional practice". Age and Ageing 42, nr 5 (19.06.2013): 608–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/aft068.
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Alafuzoff, Irina, i Sylwia Libard. "Ageing-Related Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Decline". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, nr 7 (5.04.2024): 4065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25074065.
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Neuropathological assessment was conducted on 1630 subjects, representing 5% of all the deceased that had been sent to the morgue of Uppsala University Hospital during a 15-year-long period. Among the 1630 subjects, 1610 were ≥41 years of age (range 41 to 102 years). Overall, hyperphosphorylated (HP) τ was observed in the brains of 98% of the 1610 subjects, and amyloid β-protein (Aβ) in the brains of 64%. The most common alteration observed was Alzheimer disease neuropathologic change (ADNC) (56%), followed by primary age-related tauopathy (PART) in 26% of the subjects. In 16% of the subjects, HPτ was limited to the locus coeruleus. In 14 subjects (<1%), no altered proteins were observed. In 3 subjects, only Aβ was observed, and in 17, HPτ was observed in a distribution other than that seen in ADNC/PART. The transactive DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP43) associated with limbic-predominant age-related TDP encephalopathy (LATE) was observed in 565 (35%) subjects and α-synuclein (αS) pathology, i.e., Lewy body disease (LBD) or multi system atrophy (MSA) was observed in the brains of 21% of the subjects. A total of 39% of subjects with ADNC, 59% of subjects with PART, and 81% of subjects with HPτ limited to the locus coeruleus lacked concomitant pathologies, i.e., LATE-NC or LBD-NC. Of the 293 (18% of the 1610 subjects) subjects with dementia, 81% exhibited a high or intermediate level of ADNC. In 84% of all individuals with dementia, various degrees of concomitant alterations were observed; i.e., MIXED-NC was a common cause of dementia. A high or intermediate level of PART was observed in 10 subjects with dementia (3%), i.e., tangle-predominant dementia. No subjects exhibited only vascular NC (VNC), but in 17 subjects, severe VNC might have contributed to cognitive decline. Age-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG) was observed in 37% of the 1610 subjects and in 53% of those with dementia.
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Steves, Claire J., Mitul M. Mehta, Stephen H. D. Jackson i Tim D. Spector. "Kicking Back Cognitive Ageing: Leg Power Predicts Cognitive Ageing after Ten Years in Older Female Twins". Gerontology 62, nr 2 (10.11.2015): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000441029.
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Background: Many observational studies have shown a protective effect of physical activity on cognitive ageing, but interventional studies have been less convincing. This may be due to short time scales of interventions, suboptimal interventional regimes or lack of lasting effect. Confounding through common genetic and developmental causes is also possible. Objectives: We aimed to test whether muscle fitness (measured by leg power) could predict cognitive change in a healthy older population over a 10-year time interval, how this performed alongside other predictors of cognitive ageing, and whether this effect was confounded by factors shared by twins. In addition, we investigated whether differences in leg power were predictive of differences in brain structure and function after 12 years of follow-up in identical twin pairs. Methods: A total of 324 healthy female twins (average age at baseline 55, range 43-73) performed the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) at two time points 10 years apart. Linear regression modelling was used to assess the relationships between baseline leg power, physical activity and subsequent cognitive change, adjusting comprehensively for baseline covariates (including heart disease, diabetes, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, lipids, diet, body habitus, smoking and alcohol habits, reading IQ, socioeconomic status and birthweight). A discordant twin approach was used to adjust for factors shared by twins. A subset of monozygotic pairs then underwent magnetic resonance imaging. The relationship between muscle fitness and brain structure and function was assessed using linear regression modelling and paired t tests. Results: A striking protective relationship was found between muscle fitness (leg power) and both 10-year cognitive change [fully adjusted model standardised β-coefficient (Stdβ) = 0.174, p = 0.002] and subsequent total grey matter (Stdβ = 0.362, p = 0.005). These effects were robust in discordant twin analyses, where within-pair difference in physical fitness was also predictive of within-pair difference in lateral ventricle size. There was a weak independent effect of self-reported physical activity. Conclusion: Leg power predicts both cognitive ageing and global brain structure, despite controlling for common genetics and early life environment shared by twins. Interventions targeted to improve leg power in the long term may help reach a universal goal of healthy cognitive ageing.
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Mrvová, Nataša, Martin Škandík, Štefan Bezek, Natália Sedláčková, Mojmír Mach, Zdenka Gaspárová, Dominika Luptáková, Ivan Padej i Lucia Račková. "Pyridoindole SMe1EC2 as cognition enhancer in ageing-related cognitive decline". Interdisciplinary Toxicology 10, nr 1 (1.09.2017): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/intox-2017-0002.
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AbstractSynthetic pyridoindole-type substances derived from the lead compound stobadine represent promising agents in treatment of a range of pathologies including neurological disorders. The beneficial biological effects were suggested to be likely associated with their capacity to ameliorate oxidative damage.In our study, the effect of supplementation with the derivative of stobadine, SMe1EC2, on ageing-related cognitive decline in rats was investigated. The 20-months-old male Wistar rats were administered SMe1EC2 at a low dose, 0.5 mg/kg, daily during eight weeks. Morris water maze test was performed to assess the spatial memory performances. The cell-based assays of capacity of SMe1EC2 to modulate proinflammatory generation of oxidants by microglia were also performed.The rats treated with SMe1EC2 showed significantly increased path efficiency, significantly shorter time interval of successful trials and exerted also notably lower frequencies of clockwise rotations in the pool compared to non-supplemented aged animals. Mildly improved parameters included test durations, distances to reach the platform, time in periphery of the pool and overall rotations in the water maze. However, the pyridoindole SMe1EC2 did not show profound inhibitory effect on production of nitric oxide and superoxide by activated microglial cells.In conclusion, our study suggests that pyridoindole SMe1EC2, at low doses administered chronically, can act as cognition enhancing agent in aged rats. The protective mechanism less likely involves direct modulation of proinflammatory and prooxidant state of microglia, the prominent mediators of neurotoxicity in brain ageing and neurodegeneration.
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Montero-Odasso, Manuel. "31 Evidence, Assumptions, and Emerging Treatments for Falls Prevention". Age and Ageing 48, Supplement_4 (grudzień 2019): iv9—iv12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz164.31.
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Abstract Falls is a common geriatric syndrome that increases morbidity and mortality. Much of our understanding of falls mechanisms derives from studies that excluded or did not evaluate cognitively impaired older adults. This has limited the evidence for managing falls in this population and generated gaps in our understanding of how cognitive processes affect the pathophysiology of falls. This presentation will provide an overview of the role of cognition in falls with potential implications for managing and preventing falls in older adults. A thorough review of observational and interventional studies addressing the role of cognition on falls will be appraised. The importance of the gait-cognition relationship in aging and neurodegeneration is revised to highlight the role of brain motor control deficits in fall risk. The benefits of dual-task gait assessments as a marker of fall risk is reviewed. Therapeutic approaches for reducing falls by improving certain aspects of cognition will be also appraised.
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Murukesu, Resshaya, Devinder Kaur Ajit Singh, Suzana Shahar i Ponnusamy Subramaniam. "104 Sociodemographic, Cognitive & Physical Function Characteristics among Older Adult Fallers with and without Cognitive Frailty: Preliminary Results". Age and Ageing 48, Supplement_4 (grudzień 2019): iv18—iv27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz164.104.
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Abstract Introduction Older adults with frailty and cognitive impairment are more susceptible to falls. The risk factor of falls and faller profiles among older adults in general has been established. However, information regarding potential risk factors and faller patterns among older adults with cognitive frailty is limited. Objective To examine the sociodemographic, cognitive and physical function characteristics of fallers with and without cognitive frailty. Methods A total of 133 community dwelling older adults aged 60 years and above were screened at three older adult activity centres in Kuala Lumpur. Sociodemographic details were obtained via interview. Cognitive Frailty was identified using the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale and Fried Frailty Index. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Digit Span (DS) test and Ray Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). The Senior Fitness test was used to asses physical function. Characteristics of falls were documented using a self-administered questionnaire. Data was descriptively analysed; independent T-test was used for continuous variables and chi-square test was used for categorical variables. Results Prevalence of falls was 21.1% (n=28). Within fallers, 42.9% (n=12) were cognitively frail and 57.1% (n=16) were not. Fallers with cognitive frailty were significantly older (mean age = 72.31±5.29) (p<0.001), had lower MMSE scores (p<0.01), lower 2 Minute Step test scores (p<0.001) and lower Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scores (p<0.05). Descriptively, fallers with cognitive frailty were mostly recurrent fallers (67%), sustained falls outdoors due to ‘slip and fall’ and majority sought medical attention after the fall(s). Conclusion Fallers with cognitive frailty were older and had lower physical and cognitive function as compared to those without. There is a need to further understand the relationship between falls and cognitive frailty in order to provide holistic fall prevention and management strategies. Acknowledgement of grant UKM(DCP-2017-002/2) and Ministry of Higher Education(LRGS/BU/2012/UKM-UKM/K/01).
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Priori, Erica Cecilia, Daniela Ratto, Fabrizio De Luca, Anna Sandionigi, Elena Savino, Francesca Giammello, Marcello Romeo, Federico Brandalise, Elisa Roda i Paola Rossi. "Hericium erinaceus Extract Exerts Beneficial Effects on Gut–Neuroinflammaging–Cognitive Axis in Elderly Mice". Biology 13, nr 1 (28.12.2023): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology13010018.
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Ageing is a biological phenomenon that determines the impairment of cognitive performances, in particular, affecting memory. Inflammation and cellular senescence are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of cognitive decline. The gut microbiota–brain axis could exert a critical role in influencing brain homeostasis during ageing, modulating neuroinflammation, and possibly leading to inflammaging. Due to their anti-ageing properties, medicinal mushrooms can be utilised as a resource for developing pharmaceuticals and functional foods. Specifically, Hericium erinaceus (He), thanks to its bioactive metabolites, exerts numerous healthy beneficial effects, such as reinforcing the immune system, counteracting ageing, and improving cognitive performance. Our previous works demonstrated the capabilities of two months of He1 standardised extract oral supplementation in preventing cognitive decline in elderly frail mice. Herein, we showed that this treatment did not change the overall gut microbiome composition but significantly modified the relative abundance of genera specifically involved in cognition and inflammation. Parallelly, a significant decrease in crucial markers of inflammation and cellular senescence, i.e., CD45, GFAP, IL6, p62, and γH2AX, was demonstrated in the dentate gyrus and Cornus Ammonis hippocampal areas through immunohistochemical experiments. In summary, we suggested beneficial and anti-inflammatory properties of He1 in mouse hippocampus through the gut microbiome–brain axis modulation.
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Verkhratsky, Alexei. "Astroglia in ageing". Ageing & Longevity, nr 1 2021 (6.05.2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47855/jal9020-2021-1-6.
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Astroglia are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin responsible for homoeostasis and defence of the central nervous system (CNS). Ageing reduces the functional capacity of all organs, so does that of the nervous system, the latter is evident in the reduction of cognitive abilities, learning and memory. At the same time the progression of these deficits is very much individual and lifestyle dependent, indicating operation of mechanisms counterbalancing age-dependent decline. In physiological ageing astrocytes undergo morphological atrophy and functional asthenia; astrocytic paralysis facilitates progression of age-dependent neurodegenerative disorders. Astroglial status and homoeostatic capabilities are influenced by lifestyle including intellectual engagement, social interactions, physical exercise, and healthy diet. Maintenance of healthy lifestyle is paramount for cognitive longevity.
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Zhang, Weihong, Lee-Fay Low, Michael Schwenk, Nicholas Mills, Josephine Diana Gwynn i Lindy Clemson. "39 A Model of Gait and Falls in Older Adults with Dementia". Age and Ageing 48, Supplement_4 (grudzień 2019): iv9—iv12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz164.39.
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Abstract Background Older people with cognitive impairment are at increased risk of falls; however, fall prevention strategies have limited success in reducing fall risks in this population (Fernando E, Fraser M, Hendriksen J et al. Physiotherapy Canada. 2017; 69: 161–170). We aim to present a model of factors contributing to gait and falls in older adults with dementia. Methods The model was developed based on an in-depth review of literature on fall risk factors particularly in people with dementia, and the relationship between cognition and gait, and their joint impact on risk of falls. Results Cognitive and motor functions are closely related as they share neuroanatomy (Rosso AL, Studenski SA, Chen WG et al. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2013; 68: 1379–1386). This close relationship has been confirmed by imaging, observational and interventional studies. Executive function is the cognitive domain most commonly associated with gait dysfunction (Cohen JA, Verghese J, Zwerling JL. Maturitas. 2016; 93: 73-77). The sub-domains of executive function(Sachdev PS, Blacker D, Blazer DG et al. Neurology. 2014; 10: 634-642) - attention, sensory integration and motor planning affect risk of falls through gait dysfunction; whereas other non-gait associated sub-domains of executive function - cognitive flexibility, judgement and inhibitory control affect risk of falls through risk taking behaviour. Conclusion Gait, cognition and falls are closely related. The comoridity and interaction between gait abnormality and cognitive impairment may be the underlying mechanism behind the high prevalence of falls in older adults with dementia. Gait and cognitive assessment with particular focus on executive function, should be integrated in fall risk screening. Assessment results should inform interventions developed by a multidisciplinary team and may include strategies such as customised gait training and behavioural modulation. A comprehensive multidisciplinary approach could be more effective in reducing fall risks in older adults with dementia.
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Gupta, S., S. Milner i S. Shah. "50 Cognitive Assessment of Patients As Mandatory Part of MDT in A Community Rehabilitation Hospital". Age and Ageing 49, Supplement_1 (luty 2020): i14—i17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz186.04.
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Abstract Introduction Undiagnosed underlying cognitive issues have an impact on progression with rehabilitation. Early diagnosis of these is beneficial to the patient as it can offer them early treatment and advance planning for their future care. Methods Patients transferred to our rehabilitation wards from other specialities often do not have a routine cognitive assessment done. This has a negative impact on their rehabilitation goals and discharge planning. We hence routinely assessed cognition for all the patients transferred to our rehabilitation unit across two sites for 3 months. In the weekly MDT, we discussed in detail the cognition of each patient, taking into account not only the doctor’s view, but also nursing and therapists. Once a concern was raised, we investigated them fully with blood tests, imaging and MOCA or ACE-R. Results 56 patients were diagnosed as having cognitive issues. Average age was 81.67 years. Of them 32.14%were from surgical specialities and the rest from other sub-specialities of medicine. In the MDT cognitive concerns were raised 73.2% by therapists, 66.1%by nurses and 60.7% by doctors. Of the concerns raised, 87.4% of patients were diagnosed with some form of underlying dementia or cognitive impairment. 55.4% were started on treatment. Remaining was either palliative deemed unsuitable for treatment or needed more detailed input from community psychiatry team on discharge. 75% were for follow up with the mental health team on discharge, 7.14% by the Parkinson’s specialist and the rest by the own GP. All diagnosis was notified to the patient, next-of-kin and the GP Conclusions Routine multidisciplinary approach to cognitive assessment helps us in new and prompt diagnosis of dementia, offer appropriate treatment and plan ahead for the future.
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Cárdenas, José, María J. Blanca, Fernando Carvajal, Sandra Rubio i Carmen Pedraza. "Emotional Processing in Healthy Ageing, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer’s Disease". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, nr 5 (9.03.2021): 2770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052770.
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Emotional processing, particularly facial expression recognition, is essential for social cognition, and dysfunction may be associated with poor cognitive health. In pathological ageing conditions, such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), in which cognitive impairments are present, disturbed emotional processing and difficulty with social interactions have been documented. However, it is unclear how pathological ageing affects emotional processing and human social behaviour. The aim of this study is to provide insight into how emotional processing is affected in MCI and AD and whether this capacity can constitute a differentiating factor allowing the preclinical diagnosis of both diseases. For this purpose, an ecological emotional battery adapted from five subsets of the Florida Affect Battery was used. Given that emotion may not be separated from cognition, the affect battery was divided into subtests according to cognitive demand, resulting in three blocks. Our results showed that individuals with MCI or AD had poorer performance on the emotional processing tasks, although with different patterns, than that of controls. Cognitive demand may be responsible for the execution patterns of different emotional processing tests. Tasks with moderate cognitive demand are the most sensitive for discriminating between two cognitive impairment entities. In summary, emotional processing tasks may aid in characterising the neurocognitive deficits in MCI or AD. Additionally, identifying these deficits may be useful for developing interventions that specifically target these emotional processing problems.
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HARWOOD, DANIEL M. J., TONY HOPE i ROBIN JACOBY. "Cognitive impairment in medical inpatients. II: Do physicians miss cognitive impairment?" Age and Ageing 26, nr 1 (1997): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/26.1.37.
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Burke, Deborah M., i D. G. Mackay. "Memory, language, and ageing". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 352, nr 1363 (29.12.1997): 1845–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1997.0170.
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This overview provides both theoretical and empirical reasons for emphasizing practice and familiar skills as a practical strategy for enhancing cognitive functioning in old age. Our review of empirical research on age–related changes in memory and language reveals a consistent pattern of spared and impaired abilities in normal old age. Relatively preserved in old age is memory performance involving highly practised skills and familiar information, including factual, semantic and autobiographical information. Relatively impaired in old age is memory performance that requires the formation of new connections, for example, recall of recent autobiographical experiences, new facts or the source of newly acquired facts. This pattern of impaired new learning versus preserved old learning cuts across distinctions between semantic memory, episodic memory, explicit memory and perhaps also implicit memory. However, familiar verbal information is not completely preserved when accessed on the output side rather than the input side: aspects of language production, namely word finding and spelling, exhibit significant age–related declines. This emerging pattern of preserved and impaired abilities presents a fundamental challenge for theories of cognitive ageing, which must explain why some aspects of language and memory are more vulnerable to effects of ageing than others. Information–universal theories, involving mechanisms such as general slowing that are independent of the type or structure of the information being processed, require additional mechanisms to account for this pattern of cognitive aging. Information–specific theories, where the type or structure of the postulated memory units can influence the effects of cognitive ageing, are able to account for this emerging pattern, but in some cases require further development to account for comprehensive cognitive changes such as general slowing.
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Lyu, Jiyoung, i Seungah Hannah Lee. "Alcohol consumption and cognitive impairment among Korean older adults: does gender matter?" International Psychogeriatrics 26, nr 2 (11.11.2013): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610213001919.
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ABSTRACTBackground:This study investigated gender differences in the relationship between alcohol consumption and cognitive impairment among older adults in South Korea.Methods:Using data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing, 2,471 females and 1,657 males were analyzed separately. Cognitive impairment was measured based on the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Exam score. Logistic regression was conducted to examine the relationship between alcohol consumption and cognitive impairment among Korean older adults.Results:Multivariate analysis showed that compared to moderate drinkers, past drinkers were more likely to be cognitively impaired for women, while heavy drinkers were more likely to be cognitively impaired for men.Conclusions:Findings suggest that the relationship between alcohol consumption and cognition varies with gender. Clinicians and service providers should consider gender differences when developing strategies for the prevention and treatment of alcohol-related cognitive decline among older adults.
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Brayne, Carol, i Yu-Tzu Wu. "Population-Based Studies in Dementia and Ageing Research: A Local and National Experience in Cambridgeshire and the UK". American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementias® 37 (styczeń 2022): 153331752211043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15333175221104347.
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Dementia has been recognised as a key challenge in many ageing societies across the world. Several population-based studies have been developed to investigate dementia and cognitive ageing from perspectives of biology, health, psychology and social sciences. However, there is a need to provide a better understanding of ‘contexts’, the circumstance where these ageing populations existed, and heterogeneity within and across the populations in different time and places. In this article, we summarise some examples of earlier population-based studies undertaken by our research groups in England and Wales and their contribution to the epidemiology of dementia, neuropathology, cognitive and mental health in older age. We also describe how these studies illustrated variation among ageing populations and changes in their health conditions across time and place. These findings highlight the contribution that population-based studies can make, along with the vital to incorporate contexts in ageing research. A lifecourse approach within social context is needed to integrate life experiences, social circumstances, and multiple dimensions of cognition, functioning, physical health and wellbeing over the ageing process. We also discuss how evidence from population-based studies can support various international initiatives on dementia, healthy ageing and Sustainable Development Goals and facilitate tailored approaches for diverse populations across global societies.
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Pérez Fuentes, Mª del Carmen, Mª del Mar Molero Jurado, Mª Jesús Osorio Cámara i Isabel Mercader Rubio. "PROPUESTA DE INTERVENCIÓN COGNITIVA EN PERSONAS MAYORES: PROGRAMA DE ESTIMULACIÓN COGNITIVA E INTELIGENCIA EMOCIONAL PARA MAYORES". International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. Revista INFAD de Psicología. 1, nr 1 (10.09.2016): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2014.n1.v1.395.
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Abstract:COGNITIVE INTERVENTION PROPOSAL IN OLDER PEOPLE: COGNITIVE STIMULATION AND EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE PROGRAM FOR OLDER PEOPLEOur current sociodemographic reality, with a large number of older persons and other variables, leads to some changes in the population’s demands for socio-health care. Thus, there is a demand for the stimulation of cognitive capacities, and this type of activities is carried in practically all the Day-Care Centers and Active Ageing Programs. In recent years, within Psychology of Ageing, the study of the emotional changes undergone by older individuals—the study of the so-called “Emotional Ageing”—has also reached a peak. Thus, the present project has the aim of combining both aspects, cognitive stimulation and the education of emotions. The general goal is to design and implement a Program of Cognitive Stimulation and Emotional Intelligence for older people with no cognitive impairment, in the center of the City of Almería. It would only allow us to assess and analyze the relation between different concepts, such as Quality of Life, Emotional Intelligence, Life Satisfaction, Attention and Daily Memory, and also to confirm the improvement in the cognitive tasks of the program (time and correct responses) and the benefits for the above-mentioned variables of introducing both aspects—including the New Technologies—to the older people of the center of Almería. This would also improve their activity and social integration, as well as provide them with equal opportunities. [Acknowledgements: This work was carried out with the collaboration of the Proyecto Almería Urban].Keywords: Emotional Intelligence, Older People, Quality of Life, Life Satisfaction, Cognitive Stimulation.Resumen:La realidad sociodemográfica actual, con un elevado número de personas de edad avanzada y demás variables, conlleva algunos cambios en cuanto a las demandas de la población en atención socio-sanitaria. Así, aparece una demanda relacionada con la estimulación de las capacidades cognitivas, existiendo prácticamente en todos los Centros de Día y Programas de Envejecimiento Activo este tipo de actividades. En los últimos años, ha cobrado auge también, dentro de la Psicología de la Vejez, el estudio de los cambios emocionales que experimentan los individuos de edades avanzadas, el estudio del denominado “Envejecimiento Emocional”. Así, el presente proyecto pretende conjugar ambos aspectos, la estimulación cognitiva junto con la educación de las emociones. Teniendo como objetivo general elaborar e implementar un Programa de Estimulación Cognitiva e Inteligencia Emocional para personas mayores sin deterioro cognitivo, del centro de la Ciudad de Almería. Permitirá, no sólo, evaluar y analizar la relación entre diferentes conceptos como son Calidad de Vida, Inteligencia Emocional, Satisfacción Vital, Atención y Memoria Cotidiana; sino también, constatar la mejora en las tareas cognitivas del propio programa (tiempo y aciertos) y los beneficios para la Calidad de Vida, Inteligencia Emocional, Satisfacción Vital, Atención y Memoria Cotidiana, de acercar ambos aspectos, incluyendo las Nuevas Tecnologías, a las personas mayores del centro de Almería, mejorando también la actividad e integración social de estas, así como, la igualdad de oportunidades[Agradecimientos: Este trabajo cuenta con la colaboración del Proyecto Almería Urban].Palabras clave: Inteligencia Emocional, Mayores, Calidad de Vida, Satisfacción Vital, Estimulación Cognitiva.
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Ho, V., C. Chen i R. A. Merchant. "451 THE BEST MARKER FOR COGNITION—RELATIVE HANDGRIP STRENGTH, ASYMMETRY OR WEAKNESS?" Age and Ageing 50, Supplement_2 (czerwiec 2021): ii5—ii7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afab118.02.
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Abstract Introduction Handgrip strength (HGS) is increasingly used to estimate overall muscle strength. Association between low HGS and cognitive decline has been well documented. Recently, McGrath’s team elucidated a new dimension of HGS asymmetry with important implications on physical and cognitive limitations. It is unclear if these effects can be generalised. The Asian working group for sarcopenia (AWGS) has called for ‘special considerations’ due to ‘anthropometric and cultural or lifestyle-related differences’6. Hence, we aim to investigate if HGS asymmetry is associated with cognition in Asians. Methodology We defined sarcopenia by AWGS consensus: HGS <28 kg for men; <18 kg for women. Asymmetry was HGS >10% stronger on either hand; relative HGS was HGS adjusted for BMI. Low cognitive function was defined as MMSE<26. We compared weakness alone, any HGS asymmetry or relative HGS alone and combination of weakness and HGS asymmetry or relative HGS asymmetry. Each model was adjusted for demographic characteristics, hand dominance, obesity, frailty, physical activity, depression and perceived health status. Results 738 Asian subjects participated. Mean age 70.8 ± 0.2 years, 45.1% males, 82.5% Chinese. More than 50% have multimorbidity. 5.4% were frail. Mean BMI 24.4 ± 0.1 kg/m2. Mean HGS 22.6 ± 0.3. 93 (12.7%) had symmetrical HGS and not weak, 59 (7.8%) asymmetrical and not weak, 321 (43.6%) symmetrical and weak, 265 (35.9%) asymmetrical and weak. Mean MMSE scores for weakness alone, asymmetry alone and combined weakness and asymmetry are 26.6 ± 0.1, 26.8 ± 0.2 and 26.5 ± 0.2 respectively. HGS asymmetry alone was not associated with better cognitive function OR 0.66 (95%CI: 0.30–1.44). Combined asymmetry and weakness was non-significantly linked to worse cognition OR 2.14 (95%CI: 0.79–5.82). We found relative HGS to be protective for cognitive decline, OR 0.31 (95%CI: 0.12–0.78, p = 0.012). Conclusion Our study highlights the impact of ethnicity in sarcopenia research. Our population shows association of relative HGS with cognition. Further longitudinal studies are needed.
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Breuer, L. E. M., P. Boon, J. W. M. Bergmans, W. H. Mess, R. M. H. Besseling, A. de Louw, A. G. Tijhuis i in. "Cognitive deterioration in adult epilepsy: Does accelerated cognitive ageing exist?" Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 64 (maj 2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.02.004.
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