Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Cognition in old age

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Cognition in old age”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 1 sierpnia 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Cognition in old age"

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Ghisletta, Paolo, John J. McArdle i Ulman Lindenberger. "Longitudinal Cognition-Survival Relations in Old and Very Old Age". European Psychologist 11, nr 3 (styczeń 2006): 204–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.11.3.204.

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We use a statistical model that combines longitudinal and survival analyses to estimate the influence of level and change in cognition on age at death in old and very old individuals. Data are from the Berlin Aging Study, in which an initial sample of 516 elderly individuals with an age range of 70 to 103 years was assessed up to 11 times across a period of up to 13 years. Four cognitive ability domains were assessed by two variables each: perceptual speed (Digit Letter and Identical Pictures), episodic memory (Paired Associates and Memory for Text), fluency (Categories and Word Beginnings), and verbal knowledge (Vocabulary and Spot-a-Word). Longitudinal models on cognition controlled for dementia diagnosis and retest effects, while survival models on age at death controlled for age, sex, socioeconomic status, sensory and motor performance, and broad personality characteristics. Results indicate: (1) Individual differences in the level of and in the linear change in performance are present for all cognitive variables; (2) when analyzed independently of cognitive performance, all covariates, except broad personality factors, predict survival; (3) when cognitive performance is accounted for, age, sex, and motor performance do predict survival, while socioeconomic status and broad personality factors do not, and sensory performance does only at times; (4) when cognitive variables are analyzed independently of each other, both level and change in speed and fluency, as well as level in memory and knowledge predict survival; (5) when all cognitive variables are analyzed simultaneously using a two-stage procedure, none of them is significantly associated to survival. In agreement with others, our findings suggest that survival is related to cognitive development in old and very old age in a relatively global, rather than ability-specific, manner.
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Aguila, E., i M. Casanova. "COGNITION AND INCOME IN OLD AGE". Innovation in Aging 2, suppl_1 (1.11.2018): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igy023.295.

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Sharma, Shabnam, Vinay Kumari, Jyoti Phougat i Jyoti Sarin. "Cognitive Rehabilitation Programme (CRP): An Effective Tool Against Mild Cognitive Impairment Among Elderly". Neurology India 72, nr 3 (maj 2024): 561–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/neuroindia.ni_1436_20.

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Background: With a steady increase in life expectancy seen worldwide, age-associated cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment in old age are major public health challenges. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of the Cognitive Rehabilitation Program on cognition parameters in old age people with mild cognitive impairment. Materials and Methods: Design: This study was a quasi-experimental design using a non-equivalent control group pretest post-test design. Setting/Location: Mullana and Adhoya villages of Ambala, Haryana. Subjects: Eighty old age people with mild cognitive impairment. Intervention: The pre- and post-interventional cognition parameters were assessed using Addenbrooke’s cognitive examination on Day 1 and Day 29. The cognitive Rehabilitation Program was administered in the experimental group once a day for 28 days. Outcome Measures: Dependent variables were cognition parameters. Results and Conclusion: In the experimental group, a significant increase in cognition parameters score was observed from Day 1 (62.28 ± 6.23) to Day 29 (63.25 ± 5.10) after administration of the Cognitive Rehabilitation Program. In the comparison group, there was a non-significant decrease in cognition parameters score from Day 1 (56.73 ± 8.24) to Day 29 (55.85 ± 8.90). The post-implementation cognition parameters score of old age people in the experimental group (mean = 63.25) was significantly higher than in the comparison group (mean = 55.85). The mean gain in cognition scores was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the comparison group with a moderate effect size. It is concluded that the cognitive rehabilitation program is an effective tool in improving cognition parameters score among old age people with mild cognitive impairment.
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Wettstein, Markus, Hans-Werner Wahl i Vera Heyl. "Cognition–Well-Being Relations in Old Age". GeroPsych 28, nr 3 (styczeń 2015): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/a000131.

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Abstract. We examine whether sensory impairment moderates the association between cognitive performance and well-being and, if so, whether such a moderation effect is due to a mediating mechanism via everyday competence in sensory-impaired individuals. Our sample consisted of visually-impaired (VI, n = 121), hearing-impaired (HI, n = 116), and sensory-unimpaired older adults (UI, n = 150), with a mean age of 82.50 years (SD = 4.71 years). Multiple measures of well-being (life satisfaction, affect, loneliness) as well as several established tests of cognitive performance were included. We found stronger relationships between cognitive performance and well-being in the HI and VI group than in UI individuals. Furthermore, the relationship was mostly mediated by everyday competence both in VI and HI older adults.
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Lautenschlager, Nicola T., i Osvaldo P. Almeida. "Physical activity and cognition in old age". Current Opinion in Psychiatry 19, nr 2 (marzec 2006): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.yco.0000214347.38787.37.

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Sabatini, Serena, Obioha C. Ukoumunne, Clive Ballard, Rachel Collins, Kaarin J. Anstey, Manfred Diehl, Allyson Brothers i in. "Cross-sectional association between objective cognitive performance and perceived age-related gains and losses in cognition". International Psychogeriatrics 33, nr 7 (14.04.2021): 727–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610221000375.

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ABSTRACTObjectives:Evidence linking subjective concerns about cognition with poorer objective cognitive performance is limited by reliance on unidimensional measures of self-perceptions of aging (SPA). We used the awareness of age-related change (AARC) construct to assess self-perception of both positive and negative age-related changes (AARC gains and losses). We tested whether AARC has greater utility in linking self-perceptions to objective cognition compared to well-established measures of self-perceptions of cognition and aging. We examined the associations of AARC with objective cognition, several psychological variables, and engagement in cognitive training.Design:Cross-sectional observational study.Participants:The sample comprised 6056 cognitively healthy participants (mean [SD] age = 66.0 [7.0] years); divided into subgroups representing middle, early old, and advanced old age.Measurements:We used an online cognitive battery and measures of global AARC, AARC specific to the cognitive domain, subjective cognitive change, attitudes toward own aging (ATOA), subjective age (SA), depression, anxiety, self-rated health (SRH).Results:Scores on the AARC measures showed stronger associations with objective cognition compared to other measures of self-perceptions of cognition and aging. Higher AARC gains were associated with poorer cognition in middle and early old age. Higher AARC losses and poorer cognition were associated across all subgroups. Higher AARC losses were associated with greater depression and anxiety, more negative SPA, poorer SRH, but not with engagement in cognitive training.Conclusions:Assessing both positive and negative self-perceptions of cognition and aging is important when linking self-perceptions to cognitive functioning. Objective cognition is one of the many variables – alongside psychological variables – related to perceived cognitive losses.
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Praetorius, Marcus, Valgeir Thorvaldsson, Boo Johansson i Linda B. Hassing. "Gender Differences in Cognitive Performance in Old Age". GeroPsych 27, nr 3 (styczeń 2014): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/a000111.

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Objective: To examine gender differences in level and change of cognitive performance in the oldest old while accounting for gender differences in longevity. Method: 574 individuals, aged 80 years and older, from the OCTO Twin Study. Five cognitive domains were administered at five occasions at 2-year intervals. Results: There were no cognitive differences between men and women, with the exception that men showed a steeper rate of decline in semantic memory. This effect was driven by men who had developed dementia and declined at a faster rate than women. Conclusion: Our results support previous findings showing minor to nonexisting gender differences in cognition among nondemented individuals in very old age when taking gender differences in longevity into account.
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Brockmann, Austin, Carolyn Aldwin i Avron Spiro. "Does HbA1c Influence the Relationship between Stress and Cognition? Findings from the VA Normative Aging Study". Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (1.12.2021): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2621.

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Abstract Type 2 diabetes has increased in prevalence globally, with potential adverse effects on cognition. Both high levels of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and stressful life events (SLEs) are associated with impaired cognitive performance, but few studies have examined their synergistic effects. The present study examined direct effects of stress and HbA1c on several cognitive outcomes, and whether HbA1c moderated the relationship between SLEs and cognition. Utilizing a sample of 527 older men from the VA Normative Aging Study (Mage = 74.3, SD = 6.5), stress was inversely related to MMSE, verbal fluency, and pattern recognition; HbA1c was only inversely associated with MMSE. The moderation model was supported only for pattern recognition (β = 1.64, p < .05), with stress having worse effects in those high in HbA1c. Stratifying analyses by age group (<75, 75+) showed that stress predicted cognition only in the young-old, while HbA1c was inversely related to cognition only in old-old participants. Further, these age-group analyses yielded different effects of demographics on cognition. In the young-old, age was consistently inversely related to all cognitive outcomes, but in the old-old only with MMSE and word list recall. Among the young-old, education was associated with only word list recall but improved performance for most scales among the old-old. Finally, HbA1c intensified the effect of stress moderation on verbal fluency only in old-old (β = 2.78, p < .05). In summary, stress was more important for cognition in the young-old, while education and health status were more important in the old-old.
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Melehin, A. I. "The trajectory change of theory of mind in the elderly". Консультативная психология и психотерапия 24, nr 1 (2016): 24–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2016240103.

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Theory of mind is viewed as a cognitive mechanism of social cognition. Features of social cognition and theory of mind are differentiated. Studies of cognitive and affective components of theory of mind in old age are summarized. Heterogeneous changes of theory of mind show that the deficit in the ability to understand the mind of another is not total, but selective. Factors (neuroanatomical, cognitive, psychosocial, etc.) influencing the theory of mind in old age are systematized. Strategies of enhancing theory of mind in old age are described.
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Amer, Tarek, Jordana S. Wynn i Lynn Hasher. "Cluttered memory representations shape cognition in old age". Trends in Cognitive Sciences 26, nr 3 (marzec 2022): 255–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2021.12.002.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Cognition in old age"

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Chowdhury, R. "Dopaminergic enhancement of cognition in old age". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1388281/.

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As humans age, the brain undergoes many changes. This includes loss of the neurotransmitter dopamine, which forms a bridging link between age and the ensuing changes in cognition. However many questions about the precise nature of this relationship with regards to brain structure and function remain unanswered. These questions are important given our expanding aging population, and the answers may help the discovery of new therapeutic interventions for age-related impairments as well as identify mechanisms to promote successful aging. Old age also provides a model for understanding the role of dopamine in many fundamental human behaviours. The aim of my research was to use a multimodal approach to explore the contribution of dopamine to learning and memory in healthy older age. In this thesis I present four studies in which I used a combination of behavioural testing, pharmacological manipulation, structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging in older adults. I show that dopamine boosts delayed episodic memory in a non-linear dose-dependent manner. Using functional MRI, I show this effect is mediated through consolidation rather than encoding by the hippocampus. In two further imaging studies conducted to explore the role of dopamine in reward-based learning, I show that the flexibility of learning depends on the structural integrity of the substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area (the origin of dopamine projections) and that pharmacological enhancement of dopamine levels can remediate abnormal reward processing in the ventral striatum. Individual differences in neural activity associated with reward prediction also relate to anatomical nigro-striatal connectivity, identified using diffusion tensor imaging. Finally, I show that in old age, valence influences decision-making in relation to ones own beliefs about the future, mediated by volume of the anterior cingulate cortex. I conclude this thesis with a brief discussion of the implications of these findings, study limitations and potential future studies.
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Bennett, Ilana Jacqueline. "Aging, implicit sequence learning, and white matter integrity". Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/463286305/viewonline.

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Hutchison, Sara. "Physical and cognitive training in old age : intervention effects on cognition and well-being /". Bern : [s.n.], 2008. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.

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Robins, Wahlin Tarja-Brita. "Cognitive functioning in late senescence : influences of age and health /". Stockholm, 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-628-3861-X/.

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Jackson, Lauren Innes Guarnaccia Charles Anthony. "Dementia, diabetes, and depresssion relationship to cognitive functioning /". [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-11032.

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Tam, Man-kin Helena, i 譚敏堅. "Cognitive functioning of the aging brain". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/209669.

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This thesis contains two studies which examined the cognitive functioning of the aging brain. Specifically, age-related changes in processing speed and its remediation via cognitive training were studied. In study 1, younger adults (n = 34) and older adults (n = 39) were recruited to investigate the age-related differences in the relationships between processing speed and general cognitive status (GCS). Their performance in GCS (as measured by The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Hong Kong Version), cognitive processing speed (as measured by Processing Speed Index, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale), cognitive inhibition (as measured by Stroop Color-Word Test), and divided attention (as measured by Color Trails Test) was examined. Current findings indicated that processing speed predicted GCS in older but not younger adults. In older adults, processing speed as a predictor accounted for an additional 13% of variance in GCS. This study further verified the relationship between processing speed and prefrontal abilities, including verbal fluency, cognitive inhibition and divided attention in aging. Findings revealed that despite the abovementioned prefrontal abilities were significantly correlated with processing speed, verbal fluency had remained the strongest predictor, accounting for 21% of variance in processing speed in older adults. Based on findings in study 1, it was anticipated that training cognitive skills including processing speed and prefrontal abilities in older adults would improve cognitive functioning in general. Therefore, in study 2, elderly people at risk of progressive cognitive decline (n = 70) were recruited to investigate the training effect of computerized cognitive training programs that aimed to improve cognitive processing speed, cognitive inhibition and divided attention. Findings indicated that cognitive processing speed and divided attention improved post-training. Results obtained from the two studies implied potential intervention through training cognitive processing speed in elderly people at risk of progressive cognitive decline. Future studies should focus on training specific effect and examining the optimal effect by modification of the training paradigms, particularly the design of the contents and level of difficulty.
published_or_final_version
Clinical Psychology
Doctoral
Doctor of Psychology
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Batsakes, Peter J. "Age-related differences in dual-task search understanding the role of component task learning in skilled performance /". Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000, 2000. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-07142005-145714/unrestricted/batsakes%5Fpeter%5Fj%5F200008%5Fphd.pdf.

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Camire, Walter P. "Predictors and Classification Systems of Cognitive Decline or Impairment During Aging". Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2005. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/CamireWP2005.pdf.

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Yocum, Amanda A. "Employing Strategy in Measures of Executive Functioning: Young Versus Old Adults". Cleveland, Ohio : Cleveland State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1210296951.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Cleveland State University, 2008.
Abstract. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on July 7, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 31-36). Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center. Also available in print.
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Jackson, Lauren Innes. "Dementia, Diabetes, and Depression: Relationship to Cognitive Functioning". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc11032/.

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The number of adults in the United States who are age 65 or older is rapidly increasing. With longer lifespan comes an increase in chronic diseases such as dementia, diabetes, and depression. This study used archival data from a larger study conducted at the Memory Clinic at John Peter Smith County Hospital in Ft. Worth, Texas to examine several hypotheses and research questions related to the influence of type of dementia, presence of Type II diabetes, and presence of depression on neuropsychological test performance. First, this study attempted to identify specific patterns of performance on neuropsychological measures for those with Alzheimer's dementia (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The results indicated that those with MCI perform better than those with AD or VaD on all neuropsychological measures, and that those with VaD perform better than those with AD on a measure of verbal memory. Another purpose of the study was to determine how the presence of Type II diabetes affects this pattern of functioning; the overall finding in this study was that the presence or absence of diabetes did not affect performance on measures of cognitive functioning. Additionally, the study attempted to add to literature examining the influence of depression on older adults with diabetes and/or dementia; no significant differences emerged.
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Książki na temat "Cognition in old age"

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Leist, Anja K., Jenni Kulmala i Fredrica Nyqvist, red. Health and Cognition in Old Age. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06650-9.

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D, Hill Robert, Bäckman Lars i Neely Anna Stigsdotter, red. Cognitive rehabilitation in old age. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.

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Powell, Douglas H. Profiles in cognitive aging. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1994.

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Lindenberger, Ulman. Aging, professional expertise, and cognitive plasticity: The sample case of imagery-based memory functioning in expert graphic designers. Berlin: Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung, 1991.

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1918-, Birren James E., i Livingston Judy, red. Cognition, stressand aging. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1985.

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Howard, Fillit, i Butler Robert N. 1927-, red. Cognitive decline: Strategies for prevention. Wyd. 2. London: Greenwich Medical Media, 1997.

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M, Craik Fergus I., i Salthouse Timothy A, red. The handbook of aging and cognition. Hillsdale, N.J: L. Erlbaum Associates, 1992.

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M, Hess Thomas, i Blanchard-Fields Fredda, red. Social cognition and aging. San Diego: Academic Press, 1999.

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R, Brougham Ruby, red. New directions in aging research: Health and cognition. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Bayles, Kathryn A. Communication and cognition in normal aging and dementia. Austin, Tex: Pro-Ed, 1991.

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Części książek na temat "Cognition in old age"

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Sinclair, Alan J. "Diabetes and cognitive dysfunction". W Diabetes in Old Age, 426–36. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118954621.ch29.

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Zimprich, Daniel, i Mike Martin. "A multilevel factor analysis perspective on intellectual development in old age." W Aging and cognition: Research methodologies and empirical advances., 53–76. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/11882-003.

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Thurm, Franka, i Shu-Chen Li. "Cognitive and Brain Plasticity in Old Age". W Encyclopedia of Geropsychology, 1–9. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-080-3_146-1.

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Thurm, Franka, i Shu-Chen Li. "Cognitive and Brain Plasticity in Old Age". W Encyclopedia of Geropsychology, 1–9. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-080-3_146-2.

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Thurm, Franka, i Shu-Chen Li. "Cognitive and Brain Plasticity in Old Age". W Encyclopedia of Geropsychology, 500–508. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-082-7_146.

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Oris, Michel, Marie Baeriswyl i Andreas Ihle. "The Life Course Construction of Inequalities in Health and Wealth in Old Age". W Handbook of Active Ageing and Quality of Life, 97–109. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58031-5_5.

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AbstractIn this contribution, we will mobilize the interdisciplinary life course paradigm to consider the processes through which individual heterogeneity in health and wealth is constructed all along life, from the cradle to old age. Considering altogether historical, family and individual times, the life course perspective has been developed in sociology, (lifespan) psychology and epidemiology, and has framed many important studies during the last four decades. The theory of cumulative disadvantage is for sure the most popular in social sciences, explaining how little inter-individual differences early in life expand all along life to reach maximal amplitude among the “young old” (before the selection by differential mortality at very old age). In lifespan psychology, the theory of cognitive reserve (educational level being a proxy) and its continuation, the theory of use or disuse (of cognition during adult life) have more or less the same explanatory power, cognition being a decisive precondition for active ageing and quality of life in old age. However, in spite of the success of those theoretical bodies, a prominent figure in the field, Glen Elder, recently observed that there is surprisingly little evidence for cumulative processes and that a wide variety of model specifications remain completely untested. This finding makes even more important a critical review of the literature which summarize several robust evidences, but also discuss contradictory results and suggest promising research tracks. This exercise considers the life course construction of inequalities in the distribution of objective resources older adults have (or not) “to live the life they own value” (to quote A. Sen 2001). But it is also crucial to consider the subjective component that is inherent to the understanding of well-being.
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Leist, Anja K., Jenni Kulmala i Fredrica Nyqvist. "Perspectives on Health and Cognition in Old Age: Why We Need Multidisciplinary Investigations". W International Perspectives on Aging, 1–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06650-9_1.

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Müller, Britta, i Lea Ellwardt. "Social Networks and Health Inequalities in Old Age". W Social Networks and Health Inequalities, 181–202. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97722-1_10.

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AbstractThanks to improvements in living standards and health behavior as well as medical progress since the second half of the twentieth century, old age has become a life phase in its own right. This phase usually begins by the transition from working life to retirement (Kohli, 2000). Both the chance of reaching retirement and the life expectancy after retirement have increased significantly (Eisenmenger & Emmerling, 2011). The post-work phase spans several decades for many people now. In addition, people who retire are considerably healthier and more independent than their peers of earlier birth cohorts (Crimmins, 2004). The expansion of this phase of life has been accompanied by a differentiation of older people in terms of health and independence: healthy and active people experience this phase, as do people in need of help and care. This fact is considered by distinguishing between old and very old people (Baltes, 2007). Characteristics of old age are absence of non-compensable health restrictions, self-determination of various activities (e.g., traveling, hobbies, voluntary work), and strong social integration. Overall, the demands of old age can be coped well in this phase. Very old age is characterized by an increase in physical and cognitive losses and diseases, and a decrease in the abilities and possibilities of compensating for deficits (Baltes, 1997; Baltes & Smith, 2003).
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Rabbitt, P. M. A., L. McInnes, P. Diggle, F. Holland, N. Bent, V. Abson, N. Pendleton i M. Horan. "The University of Manchester longitudinal study of cognition in normal healthy old age, 1983 through 2003". W Cognitive Development and the Ageing Process, 220–68. First Edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. |: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315621142-12.

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Rabbitt, P. M. A., M. Lunn i D. Wong. "Death, dropout, and longitudinal measurements of cognitive change in old age". W Cognitive Development and the Ageing Process, 269–87. First Edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. |: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315621142-13.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Cognition in old age"

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Santana, Beatriz Franco de, Flávia Arbex Borim, Deusivania Silva Falcão, Meire Cachioni, Samila Tavares Batistoni, Ruth Melo, Anita Neri i Monica Yassuda. "COGNITION, FUNCTIONAL STATUS AND FRAILTY AMONG THE OLDEST OLD". W XIII Meeting of Researchers on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1980-5764.rpda101.

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Background: Frailty is defined as a recognizable state of increased vulnerability resulting from age-associated decline of function in various physiological systems. Objective: To assess possible associations between cognition, function status and frailty in a sample of oldest old with performance below cut off scores for dementia in the MMSE. Methods: Sociodemographic, cognitive, functional status and frailty data were obtained from 130 individuals.Frailty was defined by Fried’s frailty phenotype.Functional status was measured by the Functional Activities Questionnaire.The Cognitive Dementia Rating scale was applied to assess dementia severity. Results: In all,28% were male and 72% female,mean age of 82.4 years(SD=5.3).40% were illiterate and 94% had held jobs based on manual activity.In the sample 54.6% had functional impairment.Among participants with normal cognition and functional status,6.1% were frail,8.4% pre-frail and 7.6% robust,among those with impaired cognition and preserved functional status,13% were frail,6.9% pre-frail and 0.7% robust;among those with impaired cognition and functional status,30,7% were frail,19.2% pre-frail and 4.6% robust;and among those with preserved cognition and impaired functional status,0% were frail or robust and 2.3% pre-frail. Conclusion: Participants with impaired cognition and functional status included the largest number of frail and pre-frail participants. These results suggest that impaired cognition and functional status are associated with frailty among the oldest old.
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Baxter, M., i SC Allen. "Comparison of Four Tests of Cognition as Predictors of Ability To Acquire Metered Dose Inhaler Technique in Old Age." W American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a1035.

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Franco, Brenda, Iandra Silva Souza, Maria Clara Cotrim Pereira i Victoria Faustino da Silva Reis. "Epidemiologic profile of patients with dementia on the Brazilian public health system in the last decade". W XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.646.

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Background: In Brazil, 55.000 dementia’s new cases are registered per year, the illness is distinguished by cognition decline. However, this disease’s prevalence is scarce. Objectives: Identify the epidemiologic profile of patients with dementia per region in Brazil during the years 2010 to 2020. Methods: In this ecologic descriptive study, secondary data was obtained in the DATASUS platform. The data gathered referred to hospitalizations by dementia per region of Brazil during 2010 to 2020. Furthermore, we collected data on sex, age, and ethnicity. Statistical analysis was conducted using measures of central tendency and dispersion. Results: The greatest frequency of hospitalizations occurred in 2010 (Mean= 729,8; SD= 662,4;95% CI= 149,1-1310,4), and the lowest in 2020 (Mean= 449,4; SD= 471,7;95% CI= 35,9-862,9). Southeast had the major frequency (Mean= 1.649; SD= 160,2;95% CI= 1.554-1.744) and the least frequent was the North. The female gender prevailed only in 2016 and 2019 (Mean= 297,6; SD= 345,1;95% CI= -4,9 - 600,1). Furthermore, in 2010, patients amid the age of 20- 59 years old established the highest fraction of hospitalizations (Mean= 410; SD= 300,5;95% CI= 146,5-673,4). However, during 2011 and 2020, individuals ≥60 years old predominated. The white patient’s number was larger (Mean= 621; SD= 65,1;95% CI= 582-659). Conclusion: The most prevalent epidemiologic profile was white males older than 60 years old residents of the Southeast which is consonant with the comprehended epidemiology.
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Pires, Jackson Frederico, Caroline Cajuela Grattão i Regiane Maria Ribeiro Gomes. "The effects of early intervention on autism spectrum disorder prognosis: a narrative review". W XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.296.

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Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests itself in a classic triad that comprises communication, social interaction and the execution of stereotyped repetitive behaviors. The current estimate is that for every three detected cases of ASD, there are two undiagnosed cases that reach adulthood without adequate treatment. Objectives: To investigate the impacts of early intervention (EI) on the prognosis of patients with ASD. Methods: It’s a narrative review of literature in the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases, using the descriptors: “Autism Spectrum Disorder”, “early intervention” and “prognosis” registered in DeCS/MeSH, and using the Boolean operator AND. The inclusion criteria were: articles published in English, between 2013 and 2023. After analyzing titles, abstracts and full text, we selected 23 articles and included 17 additional studies. Results: The average age for ASD diagnosis is around 4 to 5 years old, although the ideal age for diagnosis is around 2 years old. The use of specific screening and diagnostic methods enabled a reduction in the age at diagnosis by at least 2 years. Therapies inspired by Applied Behavior Analysis and the TEACCH model were the most effective for EI. Children diagnosed early, after intervention, demonstrated better cognition and language, in addition to a reduction in stereotyped behaviors and required less ongoing support at school than late-diagnosed children. Parental participation in therapies was significant for success. Conclusion: EI positively influences the prognosis of ASD. The use of appropriate screening instruments and the training of professionals can favor early diagnosis and EI, especially in regions lacking specialists. Low sampling and the interference of external factors are relevant limitations of the studies found.
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Rocha, Aline Ferreira Bandeira de Melo, Ruffo Freitas-Júnior, Leonardo Ribeiro Soares, Glalber Luiz da Rocha Ferreira i Rosemar Macedo Sousa Rahal. "Screening and diagnosis of breast cancer in older women in Brazil: Why should recommendations be reconsidered?" W Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium 2023. Mastology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942023v33s1021.

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Objective: Breast cancer is considered one of the current challenges of population aging. Nevertheless, there is disagreement about screening in older women over 70 years of age due to the lack of prospective, controlled, and randomized studies that include women in this group. The aim of this study was to evaluate Brazilian data on mammography screening and staging of breast cancer in women over 70 years. Methodology: This was an ecological time series study. Information on screening and staging of breast cancer in the Unified Health System (SUS) in women over 70 years of age was analyzed and compared with the group aged 50–69 years in Brazil and its five regions from 2013 to 2019. The secondary database was compiled with information from the Outpatient Information System of the Informatics Department of the SUS, the Oncology Brazil Panel, the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, the Supplementary Health the Supplemental Health Agency, and the Online Mortality Atlas. Trends in rates of mammography screening and clinical staging of breast cancer were analyzed. Results: In the regression analysis, a more significant decline in follow-up was observed in the 70+-year-old group, with an APC of –3.5 (p<0.001), compared with the 50- to 69-year-old group APC – 2.2 (p=0.010). There was a trend toward an increase in the advanced stage, but it was more pronounced in the 70+-year-old group. Clinical staging analysis revealed a higher incidence of stages III and IV in the elderly population (44.3%) compared with the 50–69-year-old group (40.8%; p<0.001). Conclusion: Considering the aging of the Brazilian population and the heterogeneity of the functional and cognitive status of older women, mammography screening in the group over 70 years of age in SUS needs to be better discussed in the context of public policy implementation.
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Costarella, Marianna, Lucilla Monteleone, Roberto Steindler i Stefano Maria Zuccaro. "Physical and Psychical Conditions Decline of Older People With Age, Measured by Functional Reach Test and by Mini Mental State Examination". W ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59055.

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There are several tests to value the psychophysical characteristics of older people and, among all, the most suitable to this aim are here considered the Functional Reach (FR) test, as an index of the aptitude to maintain balance in upright position, and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), as a global index of cognitive abilities. The sample of older people we have analysed concerns 50 healthy subjects divided into three groups according to the age (15 from 55 to 64 years old, 19 from 65 to 74 years old, and 16 more than 75 years old); they underwent a FR test, which consists first in the measurement of the anthropometric characteristics, then in the execution of the test itself, and finally in the study of the upright posture carried out analysing the Centre of Pressure (COP) trend; they underwent as well a MMSE to value the main areas of the cognitive function concerning the space-temporal orientation, the short-term memory, the attention ability, the calculus ability and the praxis-constructive ability. The results of these tests show, according to the age, a loss both of the physical performances (FR, FR related to height, and COP displacement), and of the cognitive abilities (MMSE); however, in all cases, the only significant changes are those between the first and the other two groups of age. A comparison between the results of male and female subjects inside the three groups, although the results of the males are generally superior to the female ones, is never significant; moreover, the differences of the FR tests, in particular, are completely not significant if compared to the height of the subjects. Finally, a comparison between FR and MMSE shows a quicker decline of the physical performances with regard to the cognitive ones.
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Rodriguez, F., F. Hussenoeder, J. Spilski, I. Conrad i Riedel-Heller SG. "Multidisciplinary Approach to Explain the Association between Mental Demands at Work on Cognitive Functioning in Old Age". W Das Soziale in Medizin und Gesellschaft – Aktuelle Megatrends fordern uns heraus 56. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Sozialmedizin und Prävention (DGSMP). Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1732022.

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Rodriguez, F., F. Hussenoeder, J. Spilski, I. Conrad i Riedel-Heller SG. "Multidisciplinary Approach to Explain the Association between Mental Demands at Work on Cognitive Functioning in Old Age". W Das Soziale in Medizin und Gesellschaft – Aktuelle Megatrends fordern uns heraus 56. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Sozialmedizin und Prävention (DGSMP). Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1732022.

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Hong-ting, Liu. "The Contradiction Between Low Cognitive Level and High Satisfaction Degree of Government Purchase of Old-Age Service". W Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Contemporary Education and Economic Development (CEED 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ceed-18.2018.109.

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Valero Solis, Susana, Roser Granero Perez, Susana Jimenez Murcia i Fernando Fernandez Aranda. "Association of the patients’ age with cognitive bias and impulsivity in gambling disorder". W 22° Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Patología Dual (SEPD) 2020. SEPD, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17579/sepd2020o004.

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Background and aims. Typical cognitive biases (irrational beliefs, cognitive distortions and erroneous perceptions) and high levels of impulsivity have been systematically reported among individuals with problem gambling. The objective of this study is to examine the role of the chronological age into the relationships between cognitive biases and impulsivity with the gambling disorder (GD) profile during adulthood. Methods. The sample analysed in this study included n=209 patients into the range age 18-77 yrs-old, recruited at the Pathological Gambling Outpatients Unit of the Bellvitge University Hospital (Barcelona). Results. Path-analysis showed a mediational link between chronological age, the presence of a comorbid depression or anxiety disorder, and the level of GD symptoms. Orthogonal polynomial contrasts showed a positive quadratic trend between the individuals’ age and cognitive distortions severity (higher impairing irrational beliefs obtained among younger and older patients, compared to middle-age patients). The sensation-seeking level showed a negative linear trend with the age: the older the patient’s age, the lower the score in this impulsivity domain. Among younger age patients gambling severity correlated only with cognitive bias levels, while during middle age patients gambling severity correlated with both cognitive bias and impulsivity levels. Within older age group fewer and poorer associations were found between cognitive bias and impulsivity with the accumulated debts due to the gambling activity, and the bets per gambling-episode. Conclusion. The results of this study could help in the development of reliable/valid assessment tools for GD, as well as for the design of precise/effective intervention plans and guidelines. These should include the patients’ age, the cognitive style, and the impulsivity levels, with the aim of providing precise and accurate tools to manage gambling problems.
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Cognition in old age"

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De Nardi, Mariacristina, Eric French i John Bailey Jones. Medicaid Insurance in Old Age. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, czerwiec 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19151.

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Fetter, Daniel, i Lee Lockwood. Government Old-Age Support and Labor Supply: Evidence from the Old Age Assistance Program. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, marzec 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22132.

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De Nardi, Mariacristina, Eric French i John Bailey Jones. Life Expectancy and Old Age Savings. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, styczeń 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14653.

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Blundell, Richard, Margherita Borella, Mariacristina De Nardi i Jeanne Commault. Old age risks, consumption, and insurance. The IFS, marzec 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/wp.ifs.2023.1223.

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Zimmer, Zachary, Linda Martin i Hui-Sheng Lin. Determinants of old-age mortality in Taiwan. Population Council, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy6.1087.

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Hardy, Barbara. Reminiscence, Disengagement, and Morale in Old Age. Portland State University Library, styczeń 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1564.

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Carder, Paula. The Value of Independence in Old Age. Portland State University Library, styczeń 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2274.

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Bhushan, Sandeep, Xin Huang, Zongwei Xiao i Yuanqiong Duan. The impact of regional versus general anesthesia on postoperative neurocognitive outcomes in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, czerwiec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0110.

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Review question / Objective: To investigate the prevalence of postoperative delirium (POD) or postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) between regional and general anesthesia in older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. Condition being studied: About 1.6 million people suffer hip fractures each year globally1. The risk of hip fracture-related postoperative mortality within 30 days approximately was 8.2% in December 2020, up 1.5% from December 2016. Across the world, the aging population is growing, and a significant number of elderly patients are undergoing various kinds of orthopedic surgeries. Age as an important independent high-risk factor is associated with perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs), which not only increases the rate but also causes a serious economic and social burden. One previous study investigated that between 2012 and 2016, the absolute total number of hip fractures in people aged 55 and older increased by about 4 times due to an aging population12. In addition, Bhushan et al. reported that along with the increasing aging of society, the incidence rate of POCD is 5% to 56% in the elderly over 55 years old after surgery morbidity and mortality but also causes a serious economic and social burden.
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Friedberg, Leora. The Effect of Old Age Assistance on Retirement. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, maj 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6548.

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Barham, Tania, Karen Macours i John A. Maluccio. Boys' Cognitive Skill Formation and Physical Growth: Long-term Experimental Evidence on Critical Ages for Early Childhood Interventions. Inter-American Development Bank, czerwiec 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011477.

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The effects of early life circumstances on cognitive skill formation are important for later human capital development, labor market outcomes and well-being. In this paper, we test the hypothesis that the first 1,000 days are the critical window for both cognitive skill formation and physical development by exploiting a randomized conditional cash transfer (CCT) program in Nicaragua. We find that boys exposed in utero and during the first 2 years of life, have better cognitive, but not physical, outcomes when they are 10 years old compared to those also exposed, but in their second year of life or later. These results confirm that interventions that improve nutrition and/or health during the first 1,000 days of life can have lasting positive impacts on cognitive development for children. The finding that the results differ for cognitive functioning and anthropometrics highlights the importance of explicitly considering cognitive tests, in addition to anthropometrics, when analyzing impacts on early childhood development.
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