Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Cogeneration

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Cogeneration”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 1 czerwca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Cogeneration"

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Bianchi, M., G. Negri di Montenegro i A. Peretto. "Inverted Brayton Cycle Employment for Low-Temperature Cogenerative Applications". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 124, nr 3 (19.06.2002): 561–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1447237.

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The employment of cogeneration plants for thermal and electric power production is constantly increasing especially for low power requirements. In most cases, to match these low power needs, the cogeneration plant is built up with diesel or gasoline engine or with gas turbine units. In this paper, the performance, in terms of the most utilized cogenerative indexes, of an inverted Brayton cycle working with the gas exhausted by the open power plant have been evaluated. Subsequently, the analysis of a cogenerative gas turbine equipped with IBC was carried out and the benefits numerically calculated. It resulted that the IBC employment may increase of about five percentage points the plant electric efficiency, making this solution particularly attractive for cogenerative applications.
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Finke, Cody E., Hugo F. Leandri, Evody Tshijik Karumb, David Zheng, Michael R. Hoffmann i Neil A. Fromer. "Economically advantageous pathways for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from industrial hydrogen under common, current economic conditions". Energy & Environmental Science 14, nr 3 (2021): 1517–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ee03768k.

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Almost all clean hydrogen that is used in industry is made by cogenerating low-cost hydrogen and other commodities. We propose a framework to make the world's hydrogen from low-cost cogeneration processes.
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Jarosz, Zbigniew, Magdalena Kapłan, Kamila Klimek, Barbara Dybek, Marcin Herkowiak i Grzegorz Wałowski. "An Assessment of the Development of a Mobile Agricultural Biogas Plant in the Context of a Cogeneration System". Applied Sciences 13, nr 22 (17.11.2023): 12447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132212447.

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This article presents examples of cogeneration systems, which are standard equipment for biogas installations, based on the production of heat and electricity. It has been shown that in the case of microgeneration, ease of servicing and low installation costs are crucial. Characteristic aspects of developing concepts for mobile installations (small scale) that produce biogas, often with a simple container structure that is ready to be located in the economic infrastructure of the agricultural industry, were indicated. Recommendations for the operation of micro-biogas models are presented, which have the greatest impact on the advisability of using agricultural waste for energy purposes. A characteristic farm was selected, which has a substrate necessary for the process of methane fermentation of slurry from pig farming. The cogenerator, which constitutes a potential energy demand from the point of view of Polish agriculture in the context of renewable energy production, was analyzed. The research goal was to adapt the cogenerator to the conditions existing on a farm, which should meet the technical and technological expectations for the process of managing the produced methane with a value of 80% in agricultural biogas. The assessment of the impact of the amount of biogas on the level of CO, NO, NO2 and PM emissions was carried out at a constant engine speed for various load levels; the percentage of biogas was changed from 40 to approximately 70–80%, i.e., until significant knocking combustion was detected in the tested engines. As a result, the existing control and control system for the operation of the cogeneration unit prevents the most effective mode of operation of the research installation as a prosumer micro-installation. When the AG20P biogas unit operated in parallel with the grid with an active power of up to 11.7 kW, the electricity produced by the unit met the adopted assumptions and requirements. What is new in this article is the use of a cogeneration unit that has been adapted to its functionality, taking into account the assessment of the prospects for optimizing the cogeneration system in the context of the use of renewable energy sources as agricultural biogas. The best method was to attempt to determine the operating conditions of the cogenerator to develop the optimization of a biogas cogeneration unit producing electricity and heat in a micro-installation for the needs of an individual farm.
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Battista, Gabriele, Emanuele de Lieto Vollaro, Andrea Vallati i Roberto de Lieto Vollaro. "Technical–Financial Feasibility Study of a Micro-Cogeneration System in the Buildings in Italy". Energies 16, nr 14 (20.07.2023): 5512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16145512.

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The current global context, marked by crises such as climate change, the pandemic, and the depletion of fossil fuel resources, underscores the urgent need to minimize waste. Cogeneration technology, which enables simultaneous production of electricity and thermal energy from electricity generation waste, offers a promising solution to enhance energy efficiency. Its widespread adoption, particularly in the European Union, where several cogeneration systems are in place, demonstrates its growing popularity. Italy alone has 1865 high-efficiency cogeneration units, contributing significantly to total cogeneration energy generation. Micro-cogeneration, specifically, has attracted attention for its potential to reduce energy waste and environmental impact. This study focuses on assessing the technical and financial feasibility of a micro-cogeneration plant using natural gas-fuelled internal combustion engines, considering different scenarios of plant operating strategies in order to optimize energy production, minimize waste, and mitigate environmental footprints associated with conventional methods. Additionally, it provides valuable guidance for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and decision-makers invested in sustainable energy solutions. By advancing micro-cogeneration technology, this study aims to promote a more sustainable and environmentally conscious approach to energy production. The methodology applied is based on the development of a numerical model via RETScreen Expert 8 and it was calibrated with one-year energy bills. The study was performed by focusing on the analysis of the annual energy savings, greenhouse gas emission savings, tonnes of oil equivalents savings, and financial parameters such as Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Profitability Index (PI) and Payback time (PBT). The results show, using a micro-cogeneration system in a big complex of buildings, that the financial parameters can continually increase with the plant’s capacity with the electrical load following, but with a loss of the recovered heat from the cogenerator because it may reach values that are not necessary for the users. When the thermal load variation is much more significant than the electrical load variation, it will be useful to design the plant to follow the thermal load variation which allows the full utilization of the thermal and energy production from the plant without any waste energy and choosing a system capacity that can optimize the energy, emissions and financial aspects.
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Stipanuk, David M., i Thomas G. Denlea. "Cogeneration". Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly 27, nr 3 (listopad 1986): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001088048602700313.

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., Hariyanto, Enny Rosmawar Purba, Pratiwi . i Budi Prasetyo. "Energy Saving through Implementation and Optimization of Small and Medium Scale Cogeneration Technology". KnE Energy 2, nr 2 (1.12.2015): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/ken.v2i2.362.

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<p>Cogeneration or Combined Heat and Power (CHP) is defined as the sequential generation of two different forms of useful energy from a single primary energy source.This paper deals with a comparison study on the aspects of energy efficiency and energy economics in commercial building and industrial plant utility using conventional system and cogeneration system. This study presents the performance test result of micro turbine cogeneration application (60 kW) pilot project in comercial building and optimization of existing cogeneration system (40 MW) at utility plant of industry. The micro turbine cogeneration application for generating electricity and hot water while médium scale of gas turbine cogeneration is introduced in order to improve plant efficiency of existing steam turbine cogeneration. We found that cogeneration would be a financially viable option for building and for small and large size industrial plants. </p><p><strong>Key words</strong>: Cogeneration; energy efficiency; gas turbine; microturbine; steam turbine.</p>
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Adamik, Piotr. "Evaluation of the use of cogeneration bonus as a support mechanism for the transformation of the heating system in Poland in 2019-2020". Ekonomia i Środowisko - Economics and Environment 80, nr 1 (20.04.2022): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.34659/eis.2022.80.1.439.

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The development of cogeneration is an element of the transformation of the Polish heating sector. Consequently, the state applies various subsidy mechanisms. One of them is the cogeneration bonus, which is designed to stimulate investment in high-efficiency cogeneration. It consists in subsidizing the generated electricity to entities that won the cogeneration bonus auction and then made investments in new cogeneration engines. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the use of the cogeneration bonus. The thesis assumes that the cogeneration bonus, despite its supportive nature, is not used by investors. This is evidenced by the low level of contracting of subsidies available in individual auctions. To achieve the objective of the study, the ratio of the volume of contracted subsidies in the cogeneration bonus auctions to the volume available for contracting in individual auctions was analyzed. The author has analyzed: the results of the auction for cogeneration bonus, sector reports, CO2 emission price, types of fuel as well as aggregated financial data of Polish heat plants. The research has an implication character, confirming lack of adequacy of cogeneration bonus to financial situation of potential investors.
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Ziębik, Andrzej, i Paweł Gładysz. "Optimal coefficient of the share of cogeneration in the district heating system cooperating with thermal storage". Archives of Thermodynamics 32, nr 3 (1.12.2011): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10173-011-0014-4.

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Optimal coefficient of the share of cogeneration in the district heating system cooperating with thermal storage The paper presents the results of optimizing the coefficient of the share of cogeneration expressed by an empirical formula dedicated to designers, which will allow to determine the optimal value of the share of cogeneration in contemporary cogeneration systems with the thermal storages feeding the district heating systems. This formula bases on the algorithm of the choice of the optimal coefficient of the share of cogeneration in district heating systems with the thermal storage, taking into account additional benefits concerning the promotion of high-efficiency cogeneration and the decrease of the cost of CO2 emission thanks to cogeneration. The approach presented in this paper may be applicable both in combined heat and power (CHP) plants with back-pressure turbines and extraction-condensing turbines.
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Giannini, Eugenia. "Cogeneration Economics". Energies 15, nr 14 (21.07.2022): 5302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15145302.

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HATEM, FALAH F. "Using Alternative Cogeneration Plants in Iraqi Petroleum Industry". Journal of Engineering 20, nr 12 (9.07.2023): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2014.12.08.

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The present paper describes and analyses three proposed cogeneration plants include back pressure steam-turbine system, gas turbine system, diesel-engine system, and the present Dura refinery plant. Selected actual operating data are employed for analysis. The same amount of electrical and thermal product outputs is considered for all systems to facilitate comparisons. The theoretical analysis was done according to 1st and 2nd law of thermodynamic. The results demonstrate that exergy analysis is a useful tool in performance analysis of cogeneration systems and permits meaningful comparisons of different cogeneration systems based on their merits, also the result showed that the back pressure steam-turbine is more efficient than other proposals. Moreover, the results of the present work indicate that these alternative plants can produce more electric power than that required in the refinery. At present time, the industrial cogeneration plants are recommended in Iraq, especially in petroleum industry sectors, in order to contribute with ministry of electricity to solve the present crisis of electric power generation. Such excess in the power can sold to the main electric network. The economic analysis are proved the feasibility of the proposed cogeneration plants with payback period of four year and six months ,three year and eight months, and ten years for steam cogeneration plant, gas turbine cogeneration plant and diesel engine cogeneration plant respectively.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Cogeneration"

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Velayuthan, Manohar. "Cogeneration power plant". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0012/MQ52488.pdf.

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Psaltas, Michael A. "Hybrid cogeneration desalination process". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.576090.

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Supplies of potable water from the conventional resources are descending due to increased industrialization;' extensive irrigation and rapid population growth. In Cyprus, a country without any perennial river, fixed rainy season and depleted natural aquifers faces severe water shortage in future. Desalination along with power cogeneration certainly poses as the most suitable option in the long run to avoid any water scarcity and rationing. This dissertation introduces all the major desalination processes and is focused on the commercially employed desalination processes. The processes have been discussed in relation with their history, principle, capacity, costs, market capitalization, energy consumption, required pre treatments, future growth potential and their environmental effects. The dissertation extensively investigates Cyprus' existing water resources, water scarcity in Cyprus, the need and existing desalination including the overall power generation capacity. This dissertation is unique in the sense of covering all the major desalination processes and investigating the Cyprus water resources as a whole outlining the need for commercially viable desalination and power, cogeneration facilities. The aim of this study is to expand the existing MSF systems to a higher level for potential changes which they will help the industrial desalination in increasing the efficiency and reducing the costs. This is a new three stage distillation system which will be designed and constructed in Cyprus. The plant will be manufactured from local materials by local manpower and requires little maintenance and operating costs. Hence it offers relatively higher efficiency which enables this system to be more cost effective.
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Scholz, Matthew John. "Microbial Cogeneration of Biofuels". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145446.

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The fields of biodiesel and bioethanol research and development have largely developed independently of one another. Opportunities exist for greater integration of these processes that may result in decreased costs of production for both fuels.To that end, this work addresses the use of the starches and glycerol from processed algal biomass as substrates for fermentation by the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pachysolen tannophilus, respectively. Ethanol producers commonly employ the former yeast for ethanol production and include the latter yeast among candidate species for cellulosic ethanol production.A simple 95% ethanol extraction at 70°C followed by sulfuric acid hydrolysis at 121°C and 2 atm proved a sufficient pretreatment for S. cerevisiae fermentation of starch from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutant cw15. The maximum rate of ethanol production was observed as 14 mL/g-h and a maximum concentration of 0.9±0.01% (m/v) was observed by 28 hours. Some starch appeared invulnerable to hydrolysis.P. tannophilus fermentation of glycerol, both independently and among mixed substrates, was likewise demonstrated. It was found that glucose consumption preceded that of glycerol and xylose, but that the latter two substrates were consumed concurrently. Under aerobic, batch conditions, the maximum specific growth rate of the species on a 2% glycerol substrate was observed as 0.04/hr and the yield coefficient for conversion of glycerol to ethanol was 0.07 g/g. While the maximum observed concentration of ethanol in the glycerol-only fermentation was 0.1% m/v, that in mixed media containing 2% each glucose, xylose, and glycerol was 1.5%.Also investigated here was the flocculation of a mutant species of the algae C. reinhardtii by a combination of methanol and calcium. Algae harvest is typically an energy-intensive process, but the technique demonstrated here is not. Complete flocculation of cells was observed with only 5 minutes of mixing and less than 10 minutes of settling using 12 mM CaCl2 and 4.6% methanol. Ethanol was observed to operate in the same capacity, intimating another area in which yeast bioethanol and algal biodiesel processes might enable one another. During growth, either an inhibitor of flocculation was produced or a facilitator was consumed.
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Benelmir, Riad. "Second analysis of a cogeneration cycle". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20000.

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BASTOS, WALTER NOVELLO. "COGENERATION IN AIR SEPARATION CRIOGENIC PLANTS". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1999. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=25011@1.

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Diante da crise energética e de mercado a Cogeração se apresenta oportuna tanto para a produção de energias elétrica e térmica quanto para a redução dos custos operacionais de produção de uma empresa. Um sistema de cogeração integrado e adaptado ao processo de uma Planta Criogênica de Separação de Ar, que tem a energia elétrica como insumo básico, pois o ar não tem custo, pode se mostrar viável, com considerável redução nos custos operacionais da planta. Um estudo termoeconômico, englobando uma análise da Primeira e Segunda Lei da Termodinâmica, e uma análise Econômica, foi necessário não apenas para demonstrar esta viabilidade, mas também para propor as modificações no processo Criogênico de Separação de Ar, assim como, para definir o melhor sistema de Cogeração a ser integrado à planta típica T-240 NA MPL3. Os resultados da Análise Termodinâmica das modificações foram bem satisfatórios. As eficiências de Segunda Lei - Exergéticas - dos equipamentos envolvidos nas modificações da planta melhoraram, e o seu consumo de energia elétrica foi reduzido em 12 porcento. Foram propostos para integrar a planta 4 (Quatro) Sistemas de Cogeração a partir dos Ciclos Clássicos: Rankine, Brayton, Combinado e Otto. Estes Sistemas foram analisados inicialmente pelas Primeira e Segunda Leis da Termodinâmica e finalmente foram analisados economicamente. Termoeconomicamente, o Sistema de Cogeração a partir do Ciclo Combinado foi o que melhor se apresentou para integrar o processo Criogênico de Separação de Ar da planta. Neste Sistema houve um maior equilíbrio entre as demandas térmica e elétrica, acarretando a eficiência de Segunda Lei - Exergética - mais alta. Este Sistema teve, também, a maior Receita Operacional e embora o seu Investimento Adicional tenha sido um pouco maior, este acréscimo compensou, pois apresentou os menores Tempo e Taxa Interna de Retorno. Apesar do Sistema de Cogeração a partir do Ciclo Combinado se apresentar viável, os resultados devem ser considerados, apenas, como preliminares, pois são provenientes da primeira interação Termoeconômica. Outras interações devem ser realizadas visando a melhoria deste Sistema, para viabilizar cada vez mais a Cogeração em Plantas Criogênicas de Separação de Ar.
The energy shortage and the cogeneration market present a unique opportunity for energy cost reduction of an industry by simultaneously making use of electric and thermal energy generated with the same fuel. This thesis analyzes an integrated cogeneration system adapted to an air separation criogenic plant which has electric energy as a basic input, besides the available and costless air from the atmosphere. It has been shown to be feasible with the big savings inthe operational cost of the plant. A thermal and economic study, carried on by using the first and second Law of thermodynamics demonstrated the economic feasibility of the cogeneration system, and proposed modifications to be done in the studied criogenic plant, a typical T240- NA MPL3 plant. The thermodynamic analysis showed that the second law efficiency of the processes could be improved, together with a 12 percent electric energy consumption reduction. Four cogeneration schemes were analyzed with both the first and second laws of thermodynamics and, then, the economic analysis was performed. Rankine, Brayton, OTTO and combined gas-steam basic cycles were used in this analysis. The combined gas-steam cycle was shown to be more economically feasible than others. Thermal and electric loads were well balanced, resulting in a higher second law efficiency. Although the initial investiment for the modification was higher, the savings resulted to be higher, turning into a high rate of return of the investment. This analysis was judged to be preliminary. More precise results require a deepers analysis with more detailed information.
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Colpan, Can Ozgur. "Exergy Analysis Of Combined Cycle Cogeneration Systems". Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605993/index.pdf.

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In this thesis, several configurations of combined cycle cogeneration systems proposed by the author and an existing system, the Bilkent Combined Cycle Cogeneration Plant, are investigated by energy, exergy and thermoeconomic analyses. In each of these configurations, varying steam demand is considered rather than fixed steam demand. Basic thermodynamic properties of the systems are determined by energy analysis utilizing main operation conditions. Exergy destructions within the system and exergy losses to environment are investigated to determine thermodynamic inefficiencies in the system and to assist in guiding future improvements in the plant. Among the different approaches for thermoeconomic analysis in literature, SPECO method is applied. Since the systems have more than one product (process steam and electrical power), systems are divided into several subsystems and cost balances are applied together with the auxiliary equations. Hence, cost of each product is calculated. Comparison of the configurations in terms of performance assessment parameters and costs per unit of exergy are also given in this thesis.
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DeJong, Bretton. "Cogeneration in the new deregulated energy environment". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17549.

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VAL, LUIZ GUSTAVO DO. "CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE COGENERATION PLANT PERFORMANCE". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2001. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=26481@1.

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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
No presente trabalho, foi desenvolvido uma metodologia teórico-experimental para a avaliação de plantas de cogeração, incluindo o confronto com os dados dos fabricantes dos equipamentos, a análise de incerteza de medição dos principais parâmetros e a análise termoeconômica. Como resultado, o trabalho visa apresentar critérios mais otimizados para especificação e operação de sistemas de cogeração. Para o seu desenvolvimento, foram analisadas a planta da Companhia Cervejaria Brahma, localizada em Campo Grande, RJ, que é constituída de três turbinas a gás de 4,90 MW acopladas a três caldeiras de recuperação que utilizam Pós-Queima, com capacidade nominal de até 36000 kg/h, cada uma, e a planta do Parque Gráfico do InfoGlobo, localizada na rodovia Washington Luis, Duque de Caxias, RJ, que é constituída de dois motores alternativos de combustão interna de 2,90 MW, duas caldeiras de recuperação e um chiller de absorção de 800 TR s. Para a Companhia Cervejaria Brahma, foi utilizado a metodologia do balanço de massa das reações químicas, usando as medições das emissões e da composição do gás natural na planta, para obtenção da vazão mássica do ar admitido pela turbina e, consequentemente, a vazão mássica dos gases de exaustão. Essa metodologia foi empregada devido a não existência de um medidor de vazão de ar nas turbinas, que é um parâmetro essencial para avaliação do desempenho da planta. Esta metodologia também foi empregada, para a avaliação das caldeiras de recuperação que utilizam queima adicional de combustível. Foi realizada, também, a análise de incertezas dos resultado de desempenho obtidos na planta, de modo a identificar problemas operacionais como, o economizador sujo da caldeira de recuperação. Também, pode-se ver verificar, que o aproveitamento global do combustível utilizado, para geração de energia elétrica e térmica pelo lado da água foi inferior ao aproveitamento deste, para geração de energia elétrica e térmica pelo lado dos gases. A menor diferença encontrada destes valores na escala percentual, foi de 6 porcento. Como esta diferença não é desprezível, chega-se à conclusão que a medida do desempenho da planta de cogeração deve ser feito com base na energia térmica transferida para a água, e não a que é transferida dos gases, como normalmente é feito, sem levar em consideração as perdas térmicas. Por fim, foi realizado uma análise técnico-econômica da utilização dos equipamento empregados na planta, com a finalidade de determinação de custo-benefício. Para o Parque Gráfico do InfoGlobo, foi realizada uma simulação do desempenho dos equipamentos utilizados nesta planta, devido a impossibilidade de se obter dados experimentais em determinados pontos da planta. Para isto, foram utilizados dados de projeto dos equipamentos, admitindo que estes pouco variam com as condições ambientais. Desta forma, não foram realizadas as análises de incertezas dos resultados encontrados. Com a metodologia empregada, pôde-se identificar problemas operacionais como o fato de que a bomba da água de alimentação de caldeira, estar fora doe seu ponto de projeto. De um modo geral, o percentual de aproveitamento da energia do combustível varia muito durante o dia, indicando um acoplamento insatisfatório entre a demanda e oferta de energia. Foi desenvolvido um modelo computacional, para a simulação da turbina a gás de eixo duplo THM 1203 Hispano Suiza, modo a obter todos os parâmetros essenciais que possam ser utilizados para o projeto de sistemas de cogeração. É previsto neste modelo a operação em cargas parciais com a variação das condições ambientais.
A theoretical-experimental methodology was developped in this work for evaluating the performance of cogeneration plants, including the data comparison with manufacturer specifications, uncertainty analysis of main parameters and thermoeconomic analysis. As a result, this work aims the establishment of an optimized criteriumfor especifying and operating cogeneration systems. Two existing cogeneration plants were analyzed in this work, (a) Companhia Cervejaria Brahma, located in Campo Grande, RJ, consisting of three 4,90 MW gas turbine generators, three heat recovery boilers, including after burners, with a nominal capacity of 36000 kg/h of steam, each one, and (b) Parque Gráfico do InfoGlobo, located in the Wshington Luis Highway, Duque de Caxias, RJ, consisting of two 2,90 MW reciprocating engine gas generators, two heat recovery boilers and 800 TR absorption chiller. A chemical reaction mass balance methodologywas used in the BRAHMA plant.It uses the measurement of pollutant emissions and natural gas compositionfor estimating the turbine inlet air and exhaust gas flow rates, which are important for evaluating the plant performance. Thei methodology was preferred due to the fact that no air and exhaust gas flow rate measurement instrument was installed in the plant, which is usually the case. This methodology was also used for evaluating the performance of heat recovery boilers with after burners. An uncertainty analysis procedure was developed and used to identify operational problems like fouling, reducing the effectiveness of the heat recovery economizer. One of the main results of this work was the fact that as least a 6 percentual point difference between the gas and the steam sides was measured for the overall fuel chemical energy usage, demonstrating the need of a more careful analysis of component performance for designing and specifying a cogeneration plant, which takes into account the heat losses. Thus, one suggests that the heat transfer to the water be specified, rather than the one from the hot gases. A technical-economic analysis of the plant was carried on, and its cost-benefit determined. Due to difficuties in obtaining experimental data, a simulation procedure had to be used for analyzing the performance of the InfoGlobo plant. Design data for several equipments were used in the calculations, supposing that they do not vary too much with ambient conditions. Thus, the uncertainty analysis was not carried on. The used methodology identified the fact that the boiler feedwater pump was not operating in the design point. In a general way, it was observed that the overall fuel chemical energy usage varies too much along the day, indicating a mismatching between load and energy supply. Finally, as a tool for the plant analysis, a computational model was developped for estimating the cogeneration plant component parameters, to be used for design purposes. Partial load operation of the turbines is contemplated in this model, as a function of ambient conditions.
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Monge, Zaratiegui Iñigo. "Profitability of cogeneration in a chemical industry". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-24251.

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A high demand of both electricity and heat exists in Arizona Chemical (a chemical plant dedicated to the distillation of Crude Tall Oil) for production processes. Due to the rising cost of resources and electricity, more and more companies are trying to decrease the energy expenses to increase their competitiveness in a global market, thus increasing their profit. Some companies look at their energy consumption in order to diminish it or to explore the opportunity to generate their own and cheaper energy. In companies where the production of steam already takes place, cogeneration can be a good solution to palliate the cost of the energy used. This study addresses this issue through three actions such as the characterization of the boiler, a better steam flow measurement grid and the generation of electricity. The first one addresses the state of one of the key parts of steam production, the boiler, through the calculation of its efficiency with two different methods (direct and indirect calculation). These methods require some measurements which were provided afterwards by the company supervisor. This will allow the company to identify the weaknesses of the boiler to be able to improve it in the future. The second one aims to improve the knowledge about the steam system. New flow measurement points were suggested after doing an analysis of the current controlled flows to have a better overview outline of the steam use.The third one studies the generation of electricity with a Rankine cycle. The limitations in the characteristics of the steam were identified and different configurations are proposed in accordance to the restrictions identified. An efficiency of 93% is obtained for the boiler with the direct method and 82.3 % for the indirect one. The difference between them can be explained by the use of datafrom different time frames for both methods. The main contributors to the losses are the ones related to the dry flue gas and the hydrogen in the fuel. In the current status only 40% of the steam flows are identified, a number which is expected to raise with the new measurement points. It was not possible to estimate the effect of the new points due to the desire of the company to not disturb the current production. Due to the fuel price the production of steam for only electricity was not profitable and instead the generation of both electricity and heat from the same steam is proposed. This integrated system is now possible to implement due to its low payback time (2.3 years). This solution can generate 758 kW of electricity and provide the company with 6437 MWh of electricity each year. Then, the effect of the variation of different variables over the performance of the cycle were studied: different electricity prices, steam rate production, fuel cost and the state of the condensate recovery were discussed. The variation of both the condensate recovery and fuel cost did not affect the payback time due to their costs being neutralised by the revenues obtained from them. The variation of the electricity prices and steam production affects the payback but due to the high revenue that is expected it does not hamper the good nature of the investment. The generation of electricity is recommended due to the low payback time obtained. The different variations studied in the system did not change the payback time notably and showed that the investment is highly profitable in all the scenarios considered. The use of two smaller turbines instead of the one chosen (with a maximum rated power of 6 MW while only 758 kW is generated with the proposed solution) should be studied since the turbines would work closer to their maximum efficiency.
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Hwang, Michael Yichun. "Cogeneration Heat Sink for a Photovoltaic System". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146053.

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The University of Arizona is heavily invested in transforming itself into a leader in sustainable practices. Among these efforts are the establishments of the “Practice School of Sustainability” and the SAGE Fund, both housed at the University of Arizona College of Engineering. This design report is an exhaustive analysis of designing and constructing a lowcost solar cogeneration system. Cogeneration refers to two-tiered energy output in the form of electricity and hot water. Benefits of capturing and utilizing waste heat from the photovoltaic panels are a more efficient electricity production capacity in combination to hot water generation. The aim of these efforts is to have a direct impact on campus utility costs, and to serve as a template for implementing future systems on a larger scale. The selected building to install the pilot system is the Optical Sciences West building because it has a high constant hot water demand for proper air handling. The design coconsists of 16 photovoltaic panels with a heat sink attached to the back of each panel, with a water and propylene glycol mixture flowing in a closed loop throughout each heat sink. If installation is approvedand the system performs as predicted, there will be an average output of 89.19 kWh per day in thermal energy. At a flowrate of 600 gallons of water per day, hot water will exit the system at 58.8 ?C. This translates to a savings of $1,391 per year in natural gas costs. The cogeneration system is also expected to have an electrical output of 33 kWh per day, translating to a $762 savings per year. Combined, the Cogeneration Heat Sink for Photovoltaic Panels 2 system is expected to save $2,153 per year and offset CO2 emissions by 10,938 kg per year. With a system cost of $18,490, the payback period for this pilot system is a mere 4.8 years. For scaling purposes in future installations, the design in its current form costs $2.35 per watt. Based on these favorable economic and environmental benefits, combined with minimal risks to safety or cost mitigation capability, it is highly recommended that more heat sinks be manufactured to facilitate this installation in the near future. If the system performs as predicted, future installations should take place on other campus buildings that use a variable air volume air handling system with terminal reheat.
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Książki na temat "Cogeneration"

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Cogeneration. Reston, Va: Reston Pub. Co., 1985.

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United States. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, red. Cogeneration. Washington D.C: Dept. of Energy, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, 1985.

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Guinn, Gerald R. Cogeneration: Profit from energy :Alabama cogeneration manual. Montgomery, Ala: Energy Division, Alabama Dept. of Economic and Community Affairs, 1987.

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1924-, Payne F. William, red. Cogeneration sourcebook. Atlanta, Ga: Fairmont Press, 1985.

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Engineers, MacLaren, i Ontario Ministry of Energy, red. Cogeneration sourcebook. Toronto: Ministry of Energy, 1988.

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Limaye, Dilip R. Industrial cogeneration applications. Lilburn, GA: Fairmont Press, 1987.

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Cogeneration planner's handbook. Lilburn, GA: Fairmont Press, 1991.

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L, Baughman Martin, University of Texas at Austin. Center for Energy Studies. i University of Texas at Austin. Bureau of Economic Geology., red. Cogeneration in Texas. Austin, Tex: The Center, 1986.

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R, Limaye Dilip, red. Planning cogeneration systems. Atlanta, GA: Fairmont Press, 1985.

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Orlando, J. A. Cogeneration design guide. Atlanta, Ga: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 1996.

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Części książek na temat "Cogeneration"

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Gülen, S. Can. "Cogeneration". W Applied Second Law Analysis of Heat Engine Cycles, 155–59. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003247418-10.

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Petrecca, Giovanni. "Cogeneration Plants". W Energy Conversion and Management, 141–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06560-1_9.

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Shariat-Zadeh, Minoo. "Cogeneration Plants". W Smart Microgrids, 95–129. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315372679-5.

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Petrecca, Giovanni. "Cogeneration Plants". W Industrial Energy Management: Principles and Applications, 173–99. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3160-9_9.

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Buonicore, Anthony J. "Cogeneration Systems". W Energy Savings Calculations for Commercial Building Energy Efficiency Upgrades, 210–21. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781032692777-11.

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Pilatowsky, I., R. J. Romero, C. A. Isaza, S. A. Gamboa, P. J. Sebastian i W. Rivera. "Energy and Cogeneration". W Cogeneration Fuel Cell-Sorption Air Conditioning Systems, 1–24. London: Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-028-1_1.

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Kolanowski, Bernard F. "History of Cogeneration". W Small-Scale Cogeneration Handbook, 7–12. New York: River Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003207382-2.

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Kolanowski, Bernard F. "Uses of Cogeneration". W Small-Scale Cogeneration Handbook, 23–26. New York: River Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003207382-4.

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Kolanowski, Bernard F. "Financing Cogeneration Projects". W Small-Scale Cogeneration Handbook, 75–80. New York: River Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003207382-11.

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Kolanowski, Bernard F. "Cogeneration in Europe". W Small-Scale Cogeneration Handbook, 171–76. New York: River Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003207382-22.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Cogeneration"

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Dalnoky, J. J., i A. David. "Cogeneration Financing Issues". W Symposium on Energy, Finance, and Taxation Policies. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/14641-ms.

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Bianchi, M., G. Negri di Montenegro i A. Peretto. "Inverted Brayton Cycle Employment for Low Temperature Cogenerative Applications". W ASME Turbo Expo 2000: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2000-gt-0315.

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The employment of cogeneration plants for thermal and electric power production is constantly increasing especially for low power requirements. In most cases, to match these low power needs, the cogeneration plant is built up with diesel or gasoline engine or with gas turbine units. In this paper, the performance, in terms of the most utilized cogenerative indexes, of an Inverted Brayton Cycle working with the gas exhausted by the open power plant have been evaluated. Subsequently, the analysis of a cogenerative gas turbine equipped with IBC was carried out and the benefits numerically calculated. It resulted that the IBC employment may increase of about 5 percentage points the plant electric efficiency, making this solution particularly attractive for cogenerative applications.
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Zabihian, Farshid, Alan S. Fung i Fabio Schuler. "Modeling of Gas Turbine-Based Cogeneration System". W ASME 2012 6th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2012-91148.

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Gas turbine-based power plants generate a significant portion of world’s electricity. This paper presents the modeling of a gas turbine-based cogeneration cycle. One of the reasons for the relatively low efficiency of a single gas turbine cycle is the waste of high-grade energy at its exhaust stream. In order to recover this wasted energy, steam and/or hot water can be cogenerated to improve the cycle efficiency. In this work, a cogeneration power plant is introduced to use this wasted energy to produce superheated steam for industrial processes. The cogeneration system model was developed based on the data from the Whitby cogeneration power plant in ASPEN PLUS®. The model was validated against the operational data of the existing power plant. The electrical and total (both electrical and thermal) efficiencies were around 40% and 70% (LHV), respectively. It is shown that cogenerating electricity and steam not only significantly improve the general efficiency of the cycle but it can also recover the output and efficiency losses of the gas turbine as a result of high ambient temperature by generating more superheated steam. Furthermore, this work shows that the model could capture the operation of the systems with an acceptable accuracy.
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Borzea, Mihai, Gheorghe Fetea i Radu Codoban. "Implementation and Operation of a Cogeneration Plant for Steam Injection in Oil Field". W ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50518.

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As part of Europe, Romania now faces increasing natural gas prices, growing dependence on fuel imports and the threat of global warming. One of the modern and long-term solutions, efficient and environmentally friendly to such issues is cogeneration of both electricity and useful heat. The paper deals with the implementation of an experimental cogeneration plant for combined electrical and thermal energy production, necessary for extracting heavy oil. Located in North West of Romania, at Suplacu de Barcau, the cogeneration plant was built with the aim of studying its efficiency in growing oil production with lower costs for the electrical and thermal energy used in oil field. The cogeneration plant was designed to meet the parameters of superheated steam injected in heavy oil field at 19 bars and 300°C, assuming lower costs than market prices. The cogeneration plant consists in two identical cogenerative lines; each line consisting of an electrical turbogenerator powered by one aero derivative ST18 Pratt&Whitney turbine engine, a Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) with afterburner and linked installations. The cogeneration plant is automatically operated using Programmable Logic Controllers – PLC, which provide 3 operating conditions: combined electrical and thermal energy production, electrical energy only and steam only. Design, installation and commissioning in 2004 were realized by National Research and Development Institute for Gas Turbines – INCDT COMOTI, providing 32,000 hours between overhauls. Operated over 55,000 hours, the 2 lines of cogeneration plant fulfil an efficiency of 85%. Experimental data of 3 years of cogeneration plant operation is also present in the paper.
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Spacek, Michal, i Zdenek Hradilek. "Modelling of Cogeneration Units". W 2019 20th International Scientific Conference on Electric Power Engineering (EPE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/epe.2019.8778103.

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Kerr, R., i J. Chin. "Cogeneration District Energy Systems". W Technical Meeting / Petroleum Conference of The South Saskatchewan Section. Petroleum Society of Canada, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/ss-93-17.

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Marion, Flore A., Sophie V. Masson, Frederik J. Betz i David H. Archer. "Cogeneration System Performance Modeling". W ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54256.

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A bioDiesel fueled engine generator with heat recovery from the exhaust as steam and from the coolant as hot water has been installed in the Intelligent Workplace, the IW, of Carnegie Mellon’s School of Architecture. The steam and hot water are to be used for cooling, heating, and ventilation air dehumidification in the IW. This cogeneration equipment is a primary component of an energy supply system that will halve the consumption of primary energy required to operate the IW. This component was installed in September 2007, and commissioning is now underway. In parallel, a systems performance model of the engine generator, its heat recovery exchangers, a steam driven absorption chiller, a ventilation unit, fan coil cooling/heating units has been programmed making use of TRNSYS transient simulation software. This model has now been used to estimate the energy recoverable by the system operating in the IW for different characteristic periods, throughout a typical year in Pittsburgh, PA. In the initial stages of this modeling, the engine parameters have been set at its design load, 27 kW, delivering up to 17 kW of steam and 22 kW of hot water according to calculation. The steam is used in the absorption chiller during the summer and in hot water production during the winter. Hot water is used in desiccant regeneration for air dehumidification during the summer, in IW heating during the winter, and in domestic hot water product year around. Systems controls in the TRNSYS simulation direct the steam and hot water produced in the operation of the engine generator system to meet the IW’s hourly loads throughout seasons.
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Parise, J. A. R., J. V. C. Vargas i R. Pitanga Marques. "Fuel Cells and Cogeneration". W ASME 2005 3rd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2005-74181.

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Although historically grown as independent energy technologies, fuel cell and cogeneration may adequately work to each other’s benefit. Some fuel cells deliver heat at sufficiently high temperatures, which can be certainly used as heat sources for cogeneration or trigeneration schemes. The paper presents an overview of the innumerable combinations of the simultaneous production, with fuel cells, of (i) heat and power, (ii) cold and electricity, and (iii) cold, heat and electricity, in its multiple varieties. The survey included combined power cycles (also called hybrid systems) where the fuel cell works together with other thermodynamic cycles to produce, with a high fuel-to-electricity efficiency, electricity alone. A large number of cogeneration arrangements are mentioned. Some are described in detail. A brief analysis of benefits and drawbacks of such systems was undertaken. The review was limited to articles published in archival periodicals, proceedings and a few technical reports, theses and books.
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Bianchi, M., G. Negri di Montenegro i A. Peretto. "Thermo-Economic Optimization of a Cogeneration Plant With Below Ambient Pressure Discharge Gas Turbine". W ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0209.

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The gas turbine use in cogeneration plants for thermal and electric power production is constantly increasing especially for low power requirements. In this paper, firstly a thermodynamic analysis of a Below Ambient pressure discharge Gas Turbine (BAGT) has been evaluated and the BAGT cogenerative performance compared with those of a Brayton Cycle (BC) cogenerative power plant. Subsequently, an economic investigation of BAGT is carried out and the benefits, with respect to BC, evaluated. It resulted that the BAGT presents a higher electric efficiency and its employment may strongly increase the budget at disposal for the cogenerative plant investment.
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Votava, Jan, Jan Kyncl i Libor Straka. "Optimization of local cogeneration stations". W 2018 19th International Scientific Conference on Electric Power Engineering (EPE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/epe.2018.8396037.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Cogeneration"

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Pina, Eduardo A., Luis M. Serra, Miguel A. Lozano, Adrián Hernández i Ana Lázaro. Solar DH – network hydraulics and supply points. IEA SHC Task 55, październik 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task55-2020-0008.

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The present factsheet summarizes the study ”Comparative Analysis and Design of Solar Based Parabolic Trough - ORC Cogeneration Plant for a Commercial Centre” performed by the Universidad de Zaragoza (Spain) and published in 2020 [1]. Two novel solar based PTC-ORC cogeneration systems, producing power and cooling, were pre-designed, considering commercially available pieces of equipment, to cover the annual energy demands of a commercial centre located in Zaragoza (Spain).
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Kollross, Todd, i Mike Connolly. INNOVATIVE HYBRID GAS/ELECTRIC CHILLER COGENERATION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), czerwiec 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/831192.

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Nowakowski, G. Innovative hybrid gas/electric chiller cogeneration. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), kwiecień 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/774502.

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Johnson, Clay, Jim Mandon, Thomas DeGiulio i Ryan Baker. Waste-to-Energy Cogeneration Project, Centennial Park. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), kwiecień 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1129747.

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None, None. Assessment of replicable innovative industrial cogeneration applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), czerwiec 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1216240.

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Teji, Darshan. Cogeneration and cooling in small scale applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzec 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5599631.

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Skalafuris, A. Innovative thermal cooling cycles for use in cogeneration. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), sierpień 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6454143.

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Podbielski, V., i D. P. Shaff. Georgetown University atmospheric fluidized bed boiler cogeneration system. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), sierpień 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5118667.

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LeCren, R., L. Cowell, M. Galica, M. Stephenson i C. Wen. Advanced coal-fueled industrial cogeneration gas turbine system. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), lipiec 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5585871.

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LeCren, R. T., L. H. Cowell, M. A. Galica, M. D. Stephenson i C. S. When. Advanced coal-fueled industrial cogeneration gas turbine system. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), czerwiec 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6552127.

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