Rozprawy doktorskie: „Coastal zone”

1

Ahlhorn, Frank. "Long-term perspective in coastal zone development multifunctional coastal protection zones". Berlin Heidelberg Springer, 2009. http://d-nb.info/993961835/04.

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Kun, Ka-yin April. "Coastal management in Hong Kong : individual workshop report /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14014609.

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Guerinoni, Stephen C., i n/a. "An evaluation of coastal zone management". University of Canberra. Applied Science, 1989. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060713.130610.

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The coastal zone is a valuable resource which provides a diversity of benefits. The difficulties facing the coastal zone tend to fall into three categories: (1) Pressure and conflict on resources. The beach residence value, an indicator of land use pressure, implies that, of the Australian states, New South Wales' coastal zone is under the greatest pressure. Associated with population is development pressure. Many forms of development are not compatible, hence conflicts of interest can arise. (2) The dynamic nature of the coast. That is, the physical and biological aspects of the coastal zone are in a state of flux. The dynamics make predictions for management controversial. (3) Organisational problems. The lack of direction, lack of coordination and fragmentation of management leads to ad hoc management of this valuable resource. This evaluation identified and confirmed the relevance of coastal issues which led to the enactment of the Coastal Protection Act, 1979. The coastal issues investigated were: coastal erosion and development; coastal erosion and protection works; coastal land degradation; degradation of coastal habitats, fish and wildlife resources; recreation opportunities; pollution; and increasing population pressure and competition betweeen alternative uses. The administrative arrangements for management of the issues were investigated. A broad range of coastal issues were evaluated using a mix of indicators with standards of comparison to measure progress. Management tools, policies and strategies used to address the issues were investigated. Finally prescriptions to further address the issues were made as was how to implement the prescriptions. The evaluation noted: increasing coastal population and development pressure; numerous examples of conflicts of interest; complex and often bewildering administrative arrangements for coastal zone management; widely varying levels of performance by agencies; and a lack of direction and co-ordination from State authorities. The principal conclusion was that strategic planning needed to be undertaken through a lead coastal agency. The lead agency should clarify and improve direction, co-ordination and co-operation in coastal management. This should improve the effectiveness of management and reduce the incidence and duration of conflict among the different and competing coastal values. This evaluation of the effectiveness of coastal management, at a State level, should not only assist New South Wales but also other States in the management of this valuable resource.

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Caton, Brian. "The conservation of scenic coasts : an examination of the English heritage system and its possible use in South Australia /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envc366.pdf.

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Abbott, Victor James. "A regional coastal zone management system". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/665.

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Taussik, Jane. "Collaborative planning in the coastal zone". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247813.

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KAY, CHRISTINA L. "COASTAL ARCHITECTURE: DESIGN FOR THE TRANSITION ZONE". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1179496395.

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Al-Hasem, Ahmed M. "Coastal morphodynamics of an open-ended tidal channel in an arid and mesotidal environment : Al-Subiya Tidal Channel, Kuwait /". St. Lucia, Qld, 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16464.pdf.

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Kay, Christina L. "Coastal architecture design for the transition zone /". Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1179496395.

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Thesis (Master of Architecture)--University of Cincinnati, 2007.
Title from electronic theses title page (viewed July 9, 2007.) Includes abstract. Keywords: coastal architecture; water and architecture; coast; transition zone; Chesapeake Bay; coastline Includes bibliographic references.

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Hamilton, Jacqueline Margaret. "Tourism, climate change and the coastal zone /". [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://swbplus.bsz-bw.de/bsz279090404inh.htm.

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Clouston, Beth. "Review of coastal vulnerability assessment for coastal zone management in metropolitan Adelaide /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envc647.pdf.

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Dumashie, D. A. "Strategic management of the coast : landowners, local authorities and coastal zone management". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414388.

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Tang, Wai-wah. "A review of habitat loss and coastal development of Hong Kong with special reference to Lantau Island". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B4378432x.

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Akahoshi, Stanley A. "DIECAST model simulation of the California coastal zone". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA305836.

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Nieke, Jens. "A concept for a regional coastal zone mission". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://edocs.tu-berlin.de/diss/2001/nieke_jens.pdf.

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16

Gallagher, Anthony W. "Sustainabilty systems appraisal for integrated coastal zone management". Thesis, Southampton Solent University, 2006. http://ssudl.solent.ac.uk/581/.

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Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) is a process defined in terms of achieving sustainable development. Despite sustainability being accepted by the majority of organizations currently operating on the coast, the integrated approach is seen as the more constructive and benificial alternative to achieve this state. Id 'success' for ICZM means sustainable development, then the question is raised as to how it attempts to achieve this, and, more speficically, how effectively it does so? Put another way, how can the management process be evaluated in terms of achieving its aims? Despite sevaral attempts to produce sustainability indicator sets, there is currently no established or validated way of assessing the effectiveness of ICZM initiatives and consequently there is also no national overview with thish to judge the strategic performance of coastal partnerships (CPs). This study aims to address this failing by developing and critically evaluating a standardised operating mechanism for assessing the ability of ICZM initiatives to achieve sustainable development. In order to develop this 'Coastal Sustainability Standard', a review was made of the current role and treatment of sustainability in coastal planning and management in the UK. Using the electronic database of the company 'Coastal Management for Sustainability' (CMS), a survey of UK coastal practitioners was carried out as to the key theoretical constructs inherent in the concept of sustainability. Textual analysis of the results, using the qualitative software package, Nud*ist 6, revealed six dominant constructs which would form the basis for the development of the standard. These six - planning; participation; communication; integration; responsibility and balance were defined as principles, and a set of criteria developed for each, with which to enable assessment. A scoring system and a set of guidelines were then designed to maximise the level of objectivity in carrying out the assessment, with the scoring system also reflecting the systems thinking inherent in the design. In order to validate the mechanism, three case study CPs were selected against which to carry out a detailed application of the Standard. These were the Exe Estuary Management Partnership (EEMP); Tamar Estuaries Consultative Forum (TECF) and Pembrokeshire Coastal Forum (PCF), all of which scored relatively poorly. That none of the three CPs achieved the pre-requisite standard raised a number of considerations relating to the efficacy of the Standard and its operation, as well as to the nature of ICZM in the UK and its aim of achieving sustainable development. Conclusions drawn from this evaluation identified that the current operation of ICZM in the UK exhibits a disjointed approach to achieving its long-term goals, as a result of its voluntary nature. The voluntary approach employed in the UK can be seen to be at the root of a number of problems facing the successful development of ICZM. In terms of resources, it has implications for the skills, knowledge and training of coastal managers, as well as the funding available to develop and implement effective plans. The voluntary approach also does not necessarily 'encourage' appropriate cultural changes within or between stakeholder organizations, and does not impart joint responsibility or collective liability upon stakeholders to achieve sustainable development.

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17

Stapleton, Karen Rose. "Wave and current interaction in the coastal zone". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320612.

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18

Al-Sariri, Thuraiya. "Coastal zone and climate change management in Oman". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.665466.

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Based on an overwhelming body of evidence, there is scientific consensus that global climate is changing and warming of the climate change is unequivocal. Since the 1950's many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia (JPCC, 2013). The concentrations of greenhouse gases have increased, the amounts of snow and ice have diminished, sea level has risen and the climate atmosphere and ocean have warmed (IPCC, 2013). However, climate variability and change are considered as important factors for societal developments where they are affecting societies in many ways. In this trend, today, there is new and robust evidence that increased storminess, accelerated sea level rise and coastal erosion as a consequence of global warming are highly likely to have profound impacts on coastal ecosystems and communities worldwide. The occurrences of such consequences are expected to increase in frequency due to the effects of climate change. Globally, different set of scenarios predicted that sea-level would continue to rise between 0.18 to 0;80 cm by 2100. Consistent with global trends, Oman has warmed by ~ 1.03 °C over the last century. There has also been significant inter -annual variability in tropical cyclone frequency and a decrease in precipitation. Additionally, flooding due to storms and tropical cyclones is one of the most devastating naturally hazards in Oman. During the past seven years, Oman experienced two very severe tropical cyclones (Gonu 2007 and Phet 2010), which have affected local economies and communities along the coastal areas. As a result of these changes, attention and awareness has been raised nationally to climate variability and climate change. The main objective of this research is to identify and assess some of the main vulnerable areas of coastal zone of Oman to the climate change implications with particular emphasis on sea level rise. The aims of the study are to: 1) investigate climate and geophysical trends in Oman over the last few decades; 2) assess vulnerable areas of coastal zones of Oman to sea level rise; and 3) assess the current adaptation measures and point out the urgent need to build up institutional and human capacities to approach problems and to indentify gaps, points of strength and points of weakness, options of adaptation and needs for sustainable coastal management plans. This is important for the creation of an effective coastal zone management development strategy that can respond to Climate Change impacts. Thus there is a need to know what is potentially at risks, which lead to the development of a coastal vulnerability index (CVI). The CVI assesses the relatively physical vulnerability to the coast. The study outlines the broad techniques used to determine the CVI for Oman coastlines, which identified zones at risk to sea level rise and assesses its implications for coastal management in Oman. The study shows that AL Batinah and Muscat Governorates are classified as the most highly vulnerable to the impacts of sea level rise because they are most populated and with higher socio-economic activities along their coastlines. However, the findings of this research will be used to define national strategies and policies for climate change adaptation and mitigation for coastal areas.

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19

Davis, Braxton. "Area-based management frameworks in the U.S. coastal zone /". View online ; access limited to URI, 2003. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/.

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20

Saied, Usama M. Tsanis Ioannis K. "Integrated coastal engineering modeling /". *McMaster only, 2004.

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21

Zhang, Yingxuan. "An integrated approach towards coastal zone management in Shantou, China". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38523310.

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22

Smith, Nadine Alice. "Community participation in the implementation process Barbados - a case study in the management of coastal areas /". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq27379.pdf.

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23

Brenner, Guillermo Jorge. "Valuation of ecosystem services in the catalan coastal zone". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6398.

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Este estudio parte de la hipótesis que los servicios del ecosistema son cada vez más escasos debido a la seria degradación de su capacidad para proporcionar servicios eficientemente en la costa Catalana, España. El estudio constituye una contribución al análisis del capital natural que no es parte de los mercados económicos desde una perspectiva de asignación eficiente de recursos en la zona costera. El objetivo general consistió en "determinar el valor que no es parte de los mercados de los servicios del ecosistema proporcionados en la zona costera Catalana, en términos monetarios". El trabajo comienza proporcionando una descripción de las tres dimensiones principales para la gestión integrada de la zona costera: socioeconómica, natural y administrativa. Las 12 comarcas litorales y el área marina hasta una profundidad de 50 m constituyeron la definición operacional del área de estudio. La aproximación metodológica se centró en las funciones y servicios de los ecosistemas, naturales y semi natural, terrestre y marinos que no se cuentan en los mercados económicos actualmente. Los resultados proporcionan una perspectiva de las funciones ecológicas y los servicios que ofrecen los ecosistemas de la costa Catalana, así como los datos disponibles sobre su valor monetario. El estudio consta de tres metodologías que contribuyen a estimar el valor de los servicios del ecosistema que se debe considerar como relevante en la gestión costera y ambiental. El primero propone un método basado en indicadores para identificar la heterogeneidad espacial de las dimensiones socio-ecológica de la costa y que llevó a la identificación de las unidades homogéneas para la gestión en las cuales la valoración del sistema socio-ecológico fue realizada a nivel comarcal. Cuatro diversas clases de unidades ambientales homogéneas para la gestión fueron obtenidas. Las comarcas varían desde las altamente naturales y menos desarrolladas económicamente a las menos naturales y altamente desarrolladas económicamente. En segundo lugar, se empleó una función espacial de transferencia de los beneficios para estimar la contribución anual del valor de los servicios del ecosistema al bienestar de los ciudadanos. De acuerdo con la información encontrada en más de 90 estudios científicos, basada en las preferencias individuales, se obtuvo que los servicios de los ecosistemas terrestres y marinos proporcionaron por lo menos 3.2 mil millones de Dólares Americanos en 2004 (2.572 x 106 Euros) en el área del estudio. Se encontró que los servicios del ecosistema cuando son proveídos por diversa cubierta del suelo, su valor económico refleja dicha variabilidad variando este sustancialmente. La contribución más significativa al valor de los servicios de los ecosistemas fue proporcionada por los bosques, mientras que la costero-marina más valiosa fue la plataforma continental. Se estimó que para sustituir el flujo de los servicios de los ecosistemas es necesario un incremento anual de 2.7 % en el producto interior bruto en el área del estudio. Además, se asumió que cuanto más eficiente es un ecosistema en la provisión de servicios, más valioso es éste para la sociedad. De esta manera los índices ecológicos, de huella humana y de fragilidad ecológica fueron utilizados en la construcción del índice de la capacidad de proveer servicios por los ecosistemas. Este representa la capacidad de los ecosistemas de proveer de servicios a los ciudadanos en la parte terrestre del área del estudio. Los resultados muestran que el área de estudio cuenta con una capacidad positiva de proporcionar servicios, así como que su geografía representa un subrogado de la estructura y procesos naturales. Como resultado se obtuvo un valor integrado de los servicios del ecosistema de 3.37 mil millones USD/yr (2.712 x 106 Euros). Esta nueva estimación representa un 42 % de incremento en el valor de los ecosistemas terrestres obtenido a partir de las preferencias humanas. Ambos procesos de valoración mantuvieron una relación espacial cercana a la de la geografía de unidades ambientales homogéneas. Se consideró que el método de valoración integrada reduce en gran medida el sesgo inducido (vía preferencias humanas) y proporciona una estimación más realista del valor del flujo de servicios del ecosistema. Se considera que la estimación del valor monetario de los servicios revela los costes o las ventajas sociales que estos proporcionan y que de otra manera seguirían ocultos o infravalorados. Este trabajo puede ser útil en el análisis del costo-beneficio entre el desarrollo económico y la conservación en la zona costera. Se considera que al hacer mas explícita la contribución de las funciones y servicios del ecosistema al bienestar humano se motivará una política de integrada de sostenibilidad en el futuro.
This study departs from the hypothesis that ecosystem services are becoming scarce by experiencing serious degradation in regard to their capability to provide services efficiently in the Catalan coast, Spain. It constitutes a contribution to the analysis of non-market natural capital in the Catalan coastal zone from an efficient allocation perspective. The general objective of the study was to "assess the non market value of ecosystem services provided in the Catalan coastal zone, in monetary terms." The work start providing a description of three main dimensions relevant to Integrated Coastal Zone Management of the Catalan coast: socio economic, natural and administrative dimensions. The 12 littoral comarcas and their marine water xtent to a depth of 50 m constituted the perational definition and study area in this work. The approach focused on natural and semi natural, terrestrial and marine, functions and services which are not counted in the economic markets. Results provide an outlook of ecological functions and services provided by the Catalan coast and available data on its value. The study provided a set of three methodologies which contribute to estimating the ecosystem services value that should be considered relevant in coastal and environmental management. First, it proposes an indicator based method to identify the social-ecological spatial heterogeneity of the coast, which led to the identification of homogeneous management units on which valuation of the socialecological system was carried out at the comarca level. Four different classes of Homogeneous Environmental Management Units were obtained, ranging form highly natural and less developed comarcas to less natural and highly developed comarcas. Secondly, a benefit transfer spatial function was used in order to estimate the annual contribution of ecosystem services value to citizens' well-being. Based on individual preferences value from more than 90 peer reviewed studies, it was found that nonmarket services of terrestrial and marine ecosystems in the study area provide at least 3.2 billion USD in 2004 (2,572 x 106 Euros). It was found that ecosystem services when provided by different land cover types vary substantially in its economic value, and this study reflects such variability. Single largest contribution to ESV flow was provided by forest while larger coastal marine contribution was provided by the continental shelf. To replace the current ecosystem services, at least an annual increment of 2.7 % in the Gross Domestic Product should take place in the study area. Furthermore, it was assumed that the more efficient is an ecosystem in providing a service, the more valuable will be to the society. Thus, ecological, human footprint and fragility indexes were used in the construction of the Ecosystem Services' Provision Capacity Index which constituted the proxy of the capacity of ecosystems to deliver services to citizens in the terrestrial part of the study area. Result showed that it accounted for a positive capacity to provide services and its resulting geography represented a proxy of the natural structure and processes. An integrated ecosystem services value flow of 3.37 billion USD/yr (2,712 x 106 Euros) was estimated. This new estimate represents more than a 42 % increment to that of terrestrial individual preference value. Both valuation processes kept close spatial relationship to that of Homogeneous Environmental Management Units geography. Integrated valuation method was considered to reduce human induced bias (via stated preferences) and thus provide a more realistic estimate of the ecosystem services flow. By estimating the economic value of ecosystem services not traded in the marketplace, social costs or benefits that otherwise would remain hidden or unappreciated are revealed. Therefore, this work can be useful in evaluating tradeoffs etween economic development and conservation in the coastal zone. It was considered that making the contribution of ecosystem services to human well-being and the ecosystem functions that underlie those services more explicit, should help motivate policy towards integrated sustainability.

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Wright, Tarah Sharon Alexandra. "Investigating community-based coastal zone management in Queensland, Australia". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0014/MQ36542.pdf.

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25

Ankre, Rosemarie. "Understanding the visitor : a prerequisite for coastal zone planning /". Licentiate thesis, Karlskrona : Östersund : School of Technoculture, Humanities and Planning, Blekinge Institute of Technology ; European Tourism Research Institute, 2007. http://www.bth.se/fou/forskinfo.nsf/Sok/c7219801e0082a2dc125737800311bdd!OpenDocument.

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Jude, Simon Richard. "The application of visualisation techniques for coastal zone management". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396669.

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It is widely recognised that organisations engaged in coastal management must improve the ways in which the public are involved in coastal decision-making. In particular, participation, consultation, and information provision throughout the decision-making process needs strengthening. In recognition of this there have been calls to develop new techniques to aid the communication of coastal information to the public. It has been suggested that some of these techniques may involve the use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Whilst GIS are widely used by coastal managers their application is hampered by the highly technical output that they often produce. However, the advent of a Virtual Reality GIS (VERGES) provides opportunities for the output of GIS analyses of coastal management decisions to be presented in a format more suitable for widespread consultation and dissemination. Using two study sites on the north Norfolk coast of England, an integrated GIS methodology is presented, allowing virtual reality representations of the current site environment and that which might be present following a management intervention to be created. Static images, animations and user-navigable visualisations have been produced as these lend themselves to both paper and electronic publication. Comparisons between these alternative methods are presented along with a discussion of the technical issues associated with them. Both individual and group survey experiments have been conducted to assess user perceptions and understanding of the visualisations, and their use in the economic valuation of coastal management interventions. These have been accompanied by interviews with coastal managers to identify the potential role of the methodology and any institutional barriers to its practical application. From the results it is argued that the techniques presented have the potential to stimulate meaningful discussion between coastal management organisations and the public, although further practical research is required to determine the exact form this may take.

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Harcombe, Sarah Jane. "Industrial restructuring and revitalisation in the UK coastal zone". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2122.

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Wiggins, Sarah May. "Rationalisation of decision support for integrated coastal zone management". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439361.

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O'Neill, Marguerite E. (Marguerite Eileen). "Alterations of freshwater flows : implications for coastal zone management". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11690.

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Pretorius, Cindy. "Digital satellite remote sensing for terrestrial coastal zone management". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52804.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The unique and often fragile environment of the coastal zone is placed under increasing pressure by human development. It is expected that three quarters of the world's population will be living within 60km of the coast by the year 2020. Thorough planning and management are required to prevent coastal degradation. In South Africa, coastal management efforts are being promoted through the implementation of a White Paper for sustainable coastal development. A Coastal Decision Support System (CDSS) was developed to empower local authorities to demarcate and manage sensitive coastal areas by giving them access to relevant botanical and physical information. Land cover/use information for the CDSS was previously mapped manually from hardcopy aerial photography. This method was found to be time-consuming and costly. This study investigated the potential for digital satellite imagery as primary source of data for populating the land cover/use information of the CDSS. A methodology was designed utilising semi-supervised isodata clustering for extracting relevant information for a study area covering 40x20km of coast along the southern coastal sector of South Africa. Digital mapping of SPOT 4 multispectral satellite data was used successfully to map land cover/use information such as wetlands, coastal lakes, dune vegetation, urban areas, forest plantations, natural forest and agricultural areas. A cost comparison was also made between the digital mapping method from satellite imagery used in this research project and the manual mapping from aerial photography. Digital mapping from satellite imagery was found to be more cost-effective in terms of both data and human resource costs. The method outlined and discussed in the research project should provide sufficient guidance for future application of the techniques in populating the CDSS with land cover/use information.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die unieke en dikwels sensitiewe landskap in die kussone is onder aansienlike druk weens ontwikkeling deur mense. Daar word verwag dat 'n derde van die wêreldbevolking teen die jaar 2020 binne 60km van die kus woonagtig sal wees. Dit sal deeglike beplanning en bestuur verg om die agteruigang van hierdie gebied te bekamp. Kussonebestuur word in Suid Afrika aangemoedig deur die implementering van 'n Witskrif vir volhoubare kussone-ontwikkeling. 'n Kusgebied-besluitnemingsondersteuningstelsel (KBOS) is ontwikkel in 'n poging om plaaslike owerhede te bemagtig om sensitiewe kusgebiede af te baken en te bestuur. Die KBOS verleen plaaslike owerhede toegang tot toepaslike inligting oor botaniese en fisiese o~standighede. Grondbedekkinginligting vir die KBOS is in die verlede vanaf hardekopie lugfoto's gekarteer. Hierdie metode is tydrowend en duur. Die potensiaal van digitale satellietbeelde as hoof databron om grondbedekkinginligting vir die KBOS te voorsien is in hierdie studie ondersoek. 'n Metode word in die tesis uiteengesit om 'semi-supervised isodata clustering' te gebruik om die nodige inligting uit die data te onttrek. Die studiegebied sluit 'n area van 40x20km langs die suid kus van Suid Afrika in. Digitale kartering vanaf SPOT 4 multispektrale satellietdata is suksesvol gebruik om grondbedekkingsinligting soos vleilande, kusmere, duin-plantegroei, stedelike gebiede, bosbou, natuurlike bos en landbougebiede te karteer. 'n Kostevergelyking is gedoen tussen die digitale karteringsmetode vanaf satellietbeelde in vergeleke met handkartering vanaf lugfotografie. Die digitale karteringsmetode blyk meer koste-effektief te wees beide in terme van die datakoste sowel as die koste verbonde aan mannekrag. Die omskrywing van die metode in die tesis behoort as goeie riglyn te dien vir die toepassing van die tegniek om grondbedekkinginligting voor te berei vir die KBOS.

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31

Bahadir, Tugce. "The European Union Environmental Policy And Integrated Coastal Zone Management". Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608938/index.pdf.

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In this thesis, it has been aimed to analyse the efforts undertaken by the European Union (EU) to stimulate and enhance Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) in the European coastal zone, within the context of the EU Environmental Policy. ICZM was formally accepted in the international community during the 1990s as an alternative to traditional sectoral coastal zone management approaches. It aims to establish an integrated management mechanism among different sectors to minimise resource use conflicts in coastal zones. Sustainable development constitutes the underlying idea of ICZM, the overall goal of which is to achieve sustainable development in coastal zones. Therefore, ICZM is founded on the internationally accepted principles of sustainable development. Chapter 17 of Agenda 21, which is a formal output of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, made an explicit statement of the need for integrated management of coastal and ocean areas to achieve their sustainability and called the participating nations to take the necessary steps. The EU, being at the forefront of such international developments and embraced sustainable development as a broader policy objective, is devoted to take concerted action in terms of protecting the European coastal zone and fostering ICZM action at the EU and the Member States (MSs) level. Since the early 1990s, the EU institutions began to put substantial effort to achieve this goal, and initiated dedicated actions. Those existing and the foreseen EU actions are elaborated within the context of this thesis. For the time being, the EU ICZM action is a flexible one without a regulatory binding instrument for ICZM. The ongoing EU ICZM action is based upon the existing EU policies and legislation. Within this framework, the central aim of the EU is laid down as to ensure the coordination and integration of these diversified policy objectives and legislative instruments to contribute to sustainable management of the European coastal zone. Since they constitute the backbone of the current EU ICZM efforts, those policies and legislation are also investigated within the scope of this study. This thesis accentuates the importance of concerted EU action in terms of stimulating ICZM action in Europe and the probability of a future EU level devotion towards a more regulatory approach in the longer term.

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Lyons, M. G. "Coastal zone processes in the St. Andrews bay region, Scotland". Thesis, Bangor University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285499.

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Hildebrand, Lawrence P. "Power sharing in the coastal zone : shifting roles of government in community-based coastal management". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2009. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54908/.

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The objective of this research is to evaluate the role of government in collaborative government-community coastal management initiatives. The research aimed specifically to: demonstrate that governments are willing to share selected management responsibilities with non-statutory community-based organizations and that the community-based organizations are willing and able to assume specific responsibilities to describe the conditions under which such power sharing occurs and to identify the specific management functions that can and are willing to be shared. This research was informed by a detailed review of a diverse literature and a specific case study of a well-developed community-based coastal management program in Atlantic Canada - the Atlantic Coastal Action Program (ACAP). This thesis hypothesized that the effective functioning and sustainability of government-community partnerships will be strengthened by a clearer definition, mutual understanding and acceptance of the shared and respective roles, responsibilities and accountabilities among the government and community partners in these initiatives. The research was informed by an on-line survey and semi-structured telephone interviews with a cross-section of both community and government actors in the case study. The thesis identifies the need for a 'shifting' role for governments that enter into and support these partnership arrangements. The data show that most of the identified management functions in the case study have already shifted to a community lead, but with a clear desire for government to be involved as the collaboration continues. The significant challenges that such a shifting view and perspective require in these hybrid coastal governance partnerships are explored in depth and supported by the findings that these approaches are indeed good for government, respond to community expectations for greater and more meaningful involvement and can be strong and effective means of capitalizing on the strengths and capacities of both community and government actors in advancing Integrated Coastal Management.

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Boon, Peter. "An examination and assessment of the development and application of a management framework for coastal zone management within the Moray firth coastal zone". Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1315.

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The management framework for coastal zone management developed in this thesis was based on two fundamental principles concerned with a proper understanding of the coastal zone and a structurally representative management process. The rigorous application of these two principles within the Moray Firth resulted in the development of a four stage management framework with the potential to overcome the inadequacies of the existing planning and management regime operating within the coastal zone. The effectiveness of this framework to deal with coastal issues of concern was assessed in an investigation of conflict management and resolution through the development of a zoning scheme. The framework proved capable of answering five questions identified as having to be answered if zoning is to be used to achieve stakeholder consensus and agreement concerning conflicts of use. The management framework thus has much to recommend it as an essential requirement for the successful implementation of coastal zone management within the other twenty coastal regions identified in the UK. As opposed to earlier recommendations made concerning coastal zone management in the UK, the framework developed provides a more effective means of: (a) generating and disseminating information, (b) increasing public participation from a consultation to partnership level, (c) increasing communication between and awareness of stakeholders, (d) reaching management decisions regarding coastal issues of concern, and (e) implementing and enforcing management decisions. These products of the management framework result in the co-ordinated management of the coastal zone.

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Ramluggun-Essoo, Priya Narvada. "Economic valuation of the coastal zone in a small island economy". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247128.

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Stojanovic, Timothy Andrew. "Coastal strategies in England and Wales : principles for managing information". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250709.

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Pehlivankucuk, Beril. "Integrated Coastal Zone Management: Case Study Izmit Gulf Integrated Plan". Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614988/index.pdf.

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This study focuses on the determination of locality of Integrated Coastal Zone Management studies in Turkish legislation and applicability. Accordingly the process of the awareness of necessity for Integrated Coastal Zone Management in the world, related definitions, concepts and implementations, international institutional organizations and planning management experiences of different countries are firstly investigated. Afterwards coastal legislation, coastal planning process, recent studies in order to regulate authority in Turkey and as a result management, legislation, authority is evaluated. Finally Izmit Gulf (Kocaeli- Yalova) Integrated Coastal Zone Planning and Management Project are examined as a case study. State of Izmit Gulf, basic principles, zoning decisions and suggested strategies and activities are scrutinized. This study is also the first compilation concerning recent changes in planning legislation in Turkey related to ICZM studies.

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Norris-Raynbird, Carla. "Capacity-building: an inquiry into the local coastal program component of coastal zone management in Louisiana". Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5916.

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Social research specifically aimed at evaluating the efficacy of coastal zone management programs at the parish (county) level in building local capacities has been meager in academic literatures and absent from Louisiana Department of Natural Resources evaluative reports. This study addresses this deficiency by examining the effectiveness of Louisiana's Local Coastal Program (LCP) in building local coastal zone management capacity. Using levels of LCP development as a proxy for capacity-building, the study examines the influence of: 1) aggregate level social and demographic characteristics, 2) structural differences, and 3) different types of issue framing (i.e. "regulator" framing versus "regulated" framing). A multiple case design, using survey, interview, observation, and archival methods of data collection, produces two multi-layered data sets - one at the parish level (nineteen Coastal Zone parishes) and the other at the individual level (a target population of parish officials, CZM administrators and advisory panel members). Patterns in findings from quantitative and qualitative analysis are matched to rival theories, namely, resource mobilization theory and social construction theory. The analyses show that parishes with LCPs have a much stronger presence of "regulator" framing than do parishes without LCPs. The "regulator" frame is particularly strong among LCP/CZM advisory panel members, while agreement with regulator frames is lowest among parish council or police jury members. Coastal hazards vulnerability is highly salient to parishes both with and without LCPs, but the translation of hazard impacts to economic vulnerabilities, such as infrastructure damage, property loss and business interruption, is far weaker for non-LCP parishes. Themes prevalent in the data include contentions over wetland mitigation issues, disjunctions between the restorative and regulatory arm of LADNR, and disparate perceptions between non-LCP parishes and LCP parishes concerning the benefits of a parish LCP over developmental and maintenance costs. Overall findings indicate that while resource mobilization is necessary to programmatic participation and the building of capacity, social construction theory can explain the differences between respondent agreement with the regulator frame, and thus the presence of institutional capacity.

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Ness, Kirsten L. "The Effects of Shoreline Development on Lake Littoral and Riparian Habitats: Are Shoreline Protection Regulations Enough?" Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2006. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/NessKL2006.pdf.

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Ednie, Andrea Jane. "Sharing a Landscape: The Construction of Sense of Place on the Maine Coast". Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/EdnieAJ2007.pdf.

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Haynes, Ronald. "Eulerian and Lagrangian observations in the Iberian coastal transition zone". Thesis, Bangor University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358594.

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Popoola, Olusola Olalekan. "Sea level rise and sustainability of the Nigerian coastal zone". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/907.

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Globally, sea levels have risen in the last century, and various projections suggest substantial increases in sea level due to climate change in this century. In Nigeria, there are no up-to-date sea level rise (SLR) assessments for the coast. Much of the Nigerian coast is low lying with the consequence that a 1 to 3 metres rise in sea level, which may result from eustatic or climate change, will have a catastrophic effect on the human activities in these regions. This study examines the consequences of continued sea level rise with a focus on erosion and inundation for the Nigerian coast and considers the coastal management practices of coastal partnerships (CPs). The Nigerian coast has been delineated according to distinct geomorphological units, which include the Barrier, Mud, Delta and Strand coasts. The Bruun model has been used to compute shoreline recession along the Nigerian coast with the exception of the Mud coast. A Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to develop inundation models and examine the impact scenarios that SLR will have on critical elements, which include land, population, economic activity (Gross Domestic Product), urban extent, agriculture and wetlands with the aid of high quality spatially disaggregated global data. A case study approach was used to assess the management practices of Pro-Natural International Nigeria; Niger Delta Wetland Centre, Niger Delta Development Commission; and Flood Erosion and Coastal Zone Management, Rivers State with the aid of a suite of systemic sustainability appraisal indices. Results indicate that shoreline recession will be mild along the coast while substantial loss due to inundation of the critical elements is expected for all the scenarios considered. The sustainability assessment indicates that the CPs did not meet the required standard for sustainability, however there was evidence of constructive management in some of them. This study has been able to provide up-to-date baseline data concerning the vulnerability of the coast to SLR for the four coastal systems in Nigeria. The coastal sustainability assessment, which is the first ever in Nigeria, reflects the need for corrective measures in the management practices of the CPs to achieve a sustainable coast in the light of coastal hazards.

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Ibrahim, Hossam Mohamed Samir Abdel Salam. "Towards an integrated coastal zone management system : the Egyptian experience". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539574.

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Zhang, Yingxuan, i 張映璇. "An integrated approach towards coastal zone management in Shantou, China". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38523310.

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McGahn, Daniel P. (Daniel Patrick). "Rethinking coastal zone management : case study of Dade Country, Florida". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38124.

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Slocum, Kevin R. "Coastal zone landscape classification using remote sensing and model development". W&M ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616857.

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Coastal zone landscape characterization and empirical model development were evaluated using multi-spectral airborne imagery. Collectively, four projects are described that address monitoring and classification issues common to the resource management community. Chapter 1 discusses opportunities for remote sensing. Chapter 2 examines spectral and spatial image resolution requirements, as well as training sample selection methods required for accurate landscape classification. Classification accuracy derived from 25nm imagery with 4m pixel sizes outperformed 70nm imagery with 1m pixel sizes. Eight natural and five cultural landscape features were tested for classification accuracy. Chapter 3 investigated the ability to characterize 1m multispectral imagery into rank-ordered categorical biomass index classes of Phragmites australis. Statistical clustering and sample membership was based upon normalized field-measurements. The red imagery channel showed highly significant correlation with field measurements (p = 0.00) and explained much of its variability (r2 = 0.79). Addition of near-infra red, green, and blue image channels in a forward stepwise regression improved the coefficient of determination (r2 = 0.98). In Chapter 4, a landscape cover map was revised by incorporating expert knowledge into a simple spatial model. Examples are provided for a barrier island environment to illustrate this post-classification methodology. A prototype selection of expert rules was sufficient to change more than 20 per cent of the originally classified landscape pixels. Chapter 5 discusses the development of an empirical model that uses vegetation community classes to estimate: (a) soil type, (b) soil compaction rate, and (c) elevation. Vegetation class proved itself a reliable surrogate for estimating these variables based upon field-based statistical measures of association and significance tests. Vegetation was highly associated with four soil types (Cramer's V = 0.98) and soil compaction rates values at depths of 30 and 46cm (Cramer's V > 0.85), and was able to accurately estimate three decimeter-level elevation zones (r2 = 0.86, p = 0.00). A preliminary model to estimate transverse dune crest heights and locations under forest canopy was presented. Lastly, Chapter 6 offers a summary and concluding statements advocating continued use of remote sensing as an application tool for resource management needs.

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Fahal, Iman Hassan. "Phytoplankton blooms and fish larvae off the Northumberland Coast during the period 1992-1994". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389569.

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Atherton, Rachel Jane. "Moisture dynamics and aeolian activity on a temperate, meso-tidal beach". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369965.

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Fung, Wing-sze. "Coastal zone management in Hong Kong : the conservation potential of South Lantau and South Lamma /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22285118.

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Humphries, Lynne Patricia. "Mining-induced subsidence under the northeast coast of England : the implications for coastal zone management". Thesis, University of Hull, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415781.

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