Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Coastal wetlands”
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Peng, Yan Dong, i Jing Yue Wang. "Study on the Loss and Degradation and Sustainable Development Countermeasures of the Coastal Wetlands in Qinhuangdao". Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (sierpień 2013): 1016–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.1016.
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Qinhuangdao coastal wetland is the distribution of China's most representative of the sandy coastal wetlands, and its main wetland types are sandy coast wetland, rocky coast wetland, estuarine wetland, lake wetland, shallow sea wetland and artificial wetland. Under the influence of natural factors and human factors, coastal wetlands degradation constantly. Land reclamation, city and port development, pollution, coastal erosion and excessive use of coastal biologic resource are considered as the main factors to the degradation of the coastal wetlands. Based on the analysis the main factors contributing to the loss and degradation of the coastal wetlands and the characteristics of wetland degradation, sustainable development countermeasures are suggested in this paper.
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Gao, Yin, Lijuan Cui, Jianjun Liu, Wei Li i Yinru Lei. "China's coastal-wetland change analysis based on high-resolution remote sensing". Marine and Freshwater Research 71, nr 9 (2020): 1161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf19062.
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Coastal wetlands not only have abundant biodiversity and high productivity, but they also play an irreplaceable and important role in regional ecosystems. Because of the complex structure and dynamic characteristics of coastal wetlands, it is difficult to observe the spatial changes of coastal wetlands on a large scale and improve data reliability. In this study, a spatially constrained manual-interpretation method based on nationwide high-resolution images in 2017 was adopted to extract China’s coastal wetland distribution, and, then, the second national wetland-survey data from 2011 were used as a baseline for change analysis. The results showed that under the influence of natural conditions and human activities, China’s coastal wetlands have decreased in distribution in the past 6 years. The situation of coastal wetland reclamation is critical, and the hotspot regions are mainly distributed in Bohai Bay, middle of Jiangsu province and Hangzhou Bay. Farming reclamation is another factor that occupies coastal wetlands in China, and main occupied wetlands are mudflats, shallow sea, tidal flats, intertidal salt marshes and estuarine waters. Tide is the main factor affecting extraction of wetlands, the spatially constrained method had a positive effect on wetland detection, and has potential to improve automatic algorithms of complex coastal wetlands.
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Frieswyk, Christin B., i Joy B. Zedler. "Do seed banks confer resilience to coastal wetlands invaded by Typha ×glauca?" Canadian Journal of Botany 84, nr 12 (grudzień 2006): 1882–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b06-100.
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Historically, seed banks conferred resilience to Laurentian Great Lakes coastal wetlands by providing propagules of many species to replace invasive plants, such as Typha ×glauca Godr. After flooding, the seed bank could allow recovery of wetland composition and structure as the water levels fall. Using the seedling emergence method to estimate seed density, species and guild richness, and floristic quality, we evaluated the resilience of five wetlands along the western coast of Green Bay, Lake Michigan by comparing seed bank attributes in areas invaded by Typha to those of neighboring uninvaded areas and to attributes of the extant vegetation. Resilience decreased from north to south among the five wetlands, mirroring a gradient of decreasing water quality. The invasive Lythrum salicaria L. dominated the seed bank of all five wetlands despite low relative abundance in the extant vegetation. The resilience of Green Bay coastal wetlands is threatened by the overwhelming presence of L. salicaria in the seed bank. Because the seed bank holds a wetland’s potential to be renewed by the natural hydrological cycle, seed bank assessment should be a routine measure of wetland resilience.
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Chen, Haiyan, Dalong Li, Yaning Chen i Zhizhong Zhao. "Spatial–Temporal Evolution Monitoring and Ecological Risk Assessment of Coastal Wetlands on Hainan Island, China". Remote Sensing 15, nr 4 (14.02.2023): 1035. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15041035.
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Coastal wetlands are located at the intersection of land and sea and provide extremely important ecological services. The coastal wetlands of estuarine harbors are representative parts of the coastal wetlands. Changes that occur in estuarine harbor wetlands are microcosms of the changes occurring in the coastal wetlands more generally. The coastal wetlands of Hainan Island, China, are coastal wetlands typical of tropical islands and are extremely sensitive to climate change. In the context of global sea level rise, studying the characteristics of spatial and temporal distribution of coastal wetlands on Hainan Island, as well as changes in their vulnerability, could provide scientific and technological support to address the adverse effects of climate change. Using nine typical estuarine harbor wetlands as target areas, this study systematically studies the spatial–temporal evolution of coastal wetlands on Hainan Island from 1990 to 2020. The results suggest the following: (1) The total area of coastal wetlands has remained relatively stable, but the area of artificial wetlands, especially aquaculture ponds, has increased significantly. There is a clear spatial variability in the changes in mangrove wetlands, with a clear increase in the area of areas with a high degree of protection, such as Dongzhai Harbor (DZG). The area of the areas with a high intensity of human activity has been significantly reduced, such as Bamen Bay (BMG). (2) The overall ecological risk of coastal wetlands is low, with the average wetland risk index (WRI) of all harbors being below 0.15. The higher the degree of protection, the lower the ecological risk of the area, such as DZG. Human activities are the main factor causing increased ecological risk in wetlands. (3) Climate-change-induced sea level rise and the intensification of human activities are the main determinants of future trends in the spatial distribution of coastal wetlands and wetland ecosystem stability. The results of this study provide guidance on the conservation and restoration of coastal wetlands.
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Sun, Shaobo, Yonggen Zhang, Zhaoliang Song, Baozhang Chen, Yangjian Zhang, Wenping Yuan, Chu Chen, Wei Chen, Xiangbin Ran i Yidong Wang. "Mapping Coastal Wetlands of the Bohai Rim at a Spatial Resolution of 10 m Using Multiple Open-Access Satellite Data and Terrain Indices". Remote Sensing 12, nr 24 (16.12.2020): 4114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12244114.
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Coastal wetlands provide essential ecosystem services and are closely related to human welfare. However, they can experience substantial degradation, especially in regions in which there is intense human activity. To control these increasingly severe problems and to develop corresponding management policies in coastal wetlands, it is critical to accurately map coastal wetlands. Although remote sensing is the most efficient way to monitor coastal wetlands at a regional scale, it traditionally involves a large amount of work, high cost, and low spatial resolution when mapping coastal wetlands at a large scale. In this study, we developed a workflow for rapidly mapping coastal wetlands at a 10 m spatial resolution, based on the recently emergent Google Earth Engine platform, using a machine learning algorithm, open-access Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and optical images from the Sentinel satellites, and two terrain indices. We then generated a coastal wetland map of the Bohai Rim (BRCW10) based on the workflow. It has a producer accuracy of 82.7%, according to validation using 150 wetland samples. The BRCW10 data reflected finer information when compared to wetland maps derived from two sets of global high-spatial-resolution land cover data, due to the fusion of multiple data sources. The study highlights the benefits of simultaneously merging SAR and optical remote sensing images when mapping coastal wetlands.
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Smith, P. G. R., V. Glooschenko i D. A. Hagen. "Coastal Wetlands of Three Canadian Great Lakes: Inventory, Current Conservation Initiatives, and Patterns of Variation". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48, nr 8 (1.08.1991): 1581–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f91-187.
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The decline of wetlands, including those in the Great Lakes coastal zone, prompted the Government of Ontario to initiate steps towards a wetland management policy in 1981. Wetland inventory and evaluation in southern Ontario began in 1983. To date, 1982 wetlands have been evaluated totalling 390 000 ha. These include 160 coastal wetlands, 64 of these on Lake Ontario and the remainder on the other Great Lakes and connecting channels. Current wetland conservation initiatives are outlined including the Wetlands Planning Policy Statement and Conservation Lands Act. Although the values of Ontario's coastal wetland areas are increasingly being recognized, there has been no comprehensive study to show patterns in coastal wetland ecology. Aided by analysis of variance, ordination, and cluster analysis, we show patterns of variation in wetland and site types, soils, dissolved solids, vegetation complexity, and rare flora and fauna which differ between wetlands along Lakes Ontario, Huron, Erie, St. Clair, and connecting channels. Wetlands of Lake Huron reflect a more northern species composition, less organic soil, and more swamp and fen habitat. Along Lakes Erie, Ontario, and St. Clair the predominant marshes have smaller swamp components, organic soils, and considerable dissolved solids.
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Peng, Jianwei, Shuguang Liu, Weizhi Lu, Maochou Liu, Shuailong Feng i Pifu Cong. "Continuous Change Mapping to Understand Wetland Quantity and Quality Evolution and Driving Forces: A Case Study in the Liao River Estuary from 1986 to 2018". Remote Sensing 13, nr 23 (2.12.2021): 4900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13234900.
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Coastal wetland ecosystems, one of the most important ecosystems in the world, play an important role in regulating climate, sequestering blue carbon, and maintaining sustainable development of coastal zones. Wetland landscapes are notoriously difficult to map with satellite data, particularly in highly complex, dynamic coastal regions. The Liao River Estuary (LRE) wetland in Liaoning Province, China, has attracted major attention due to its status as Asia’s largest coastal wetland, with extensive Phragmites australis (reeds), Suaeda heteroptera (seepweed, red beach), and other natural resources that have been continuously encroached upon by anthropogenic land-use activities. Using the Continuous Change Detection and Classification (CCDC) algorithm and all available Landsat images, we mapped the spatial–temporal changes of LRE coastal wetlands (e.g., seepweed, reed, tidal flats, and shallow marine water) annually from 1986 to 2018 and analyzed the changes and driving forces. Results showed that the total area of coastal wetlands in the LRE shrank by 14.8% during the study period. The tidal flats were the most seriously affected type, with 45.7% of its total area lost. One of the main characteristics of wetland change was the concurrent disappearance and emergence of wetlands in different parts of the LRE, creating drastically different mixtures of wetland quality (e.g., wetland age composition) in addition to area change. The reduction and replacement/translocation of coastal wetlands were mainly caused by human activities related to urbanization, tourism, land reclamation, and expansion of aquaculture ponds. Our efforts in mapping annual changes of wetlands provide direct, specific, and spatially explicit information on rates, patterns, and causes of coastal wetland change, both in coverage and quality, so as to contribute to the effective plans and policies for coastal management, preservation, and restoration of coastal ecosystem services.
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Davidson, Nick C., i C. Max Finlayson. "Extent, regional distribution and changes in area of different classes of wetland". Marine and Freshwater Research 69, nr 10 (2018): 1525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf17377.
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We compiled available data and information on the global and regional areas (Ramsar regions), and changes in area, of 22 classes of marine or coastal and inland wetlands. From those classes for which there is information, inland natural surface wetlands (forming ~77% of total surface wetland extent) are dominated by non-forested peatlands, marshes and swamps on alluvial soils, with peatlands forming ~33% of natural inland wetlands. The smaller area of marine or coastal wetlands (~10% of total wetland extent) is dominated by unvegetated tidal flats and saltmarshes. Largest areas of human-made wetlands for which there is information are rice paddy and water storage bodies, with a much smaller area of tropical oil palm and pulpwood plantations. These human-made wetlands are all increasing in area. The reported decline in global natural wetland area is occurring across almost all classes of inland and marine or coastal natural wetlands. Total global wetland area estimated from these wetland classes is between 15.2×106 and 16.2×106km2, similar to recent global wetland area estimates derived from remote sensing. Given the considerable data gaps for area of wetland classes, even the most recent other estimates of global wetland extent are likely to be underestimates.
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Midwood, Jonathan, Daniel Rokitnicki-Wojcik i Patricia Chow-Fraser. "Development of an Inventory of Coastal Wetlands for Eastern Georgian Bay, Lake Huron". ISRN Ecology 2012 (17.04.2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/950173.
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Coastal wetlands of eastern Georgian Bay provide critical habitat for a variety of wildlife, especially spawning and nursery habitat for Great Lakes fishes. Although the eastern shoreline has been designated a World Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO, a complete inventory is lacking. Prior effort by the Great Lakes Coastal Wetland Consortium (GLCWC) was unable to fully identify coastal wetland habitat in eastern Georgian Bay due to limited data coverage. Here we outline the methodology, analyses, and applications of the McMaster Coastal Wetland Inventory (MCWI) created from a comprehensive collection of satellite imagery from 2002–2008. Wetlands were manually delineated in a GIS as two broad habitat types: coastal marsh and upstream wetland. Coastal marsh was further subdivided into low marsh (LM; permanently inundated) and high marsh (HM; seasonally inundated) habitat. Within the coastal zone of eastern and northern Georgian Bay there are 12629 distinct wetland units comprised of 5376 ha of LM, 3298 ha of HM and 8676 ha of upstream habitat. The MCWI identifies greater total wetland area within the coastal zone than does the GLCWC inventory (17350 ha versus 3659 ha resp.). The MCWI provides the most current and comprehensive inventory of coastal wetlands in eastern Georgian Bay.
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Novoa, Vanessa, Octavio Rojas, Ramón Ahumada-Rudolph, Katia Sáez, Pablo Fierro i Carolina Rojas. "Coastal Wetlands: Ecosystems Affected by Urbanization?" Water 12, nr 3 (4.03.2020): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12030698.
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Coastal wetlands are ecosystems that provide multiple benefits to human settlements; nonetheless, they are seriously threatened due to both a lack of planning instruments and human activities associated mainly with urban growth. An understanding of their functioning and status is crucial for their protection and conservation. Two wetlands with different degrees of urbanization, Rocuant-Andalién (highly urbanized) and Tubul-Raqui (with little urbanization), were analyzed using temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, granulometry, fecal coliform, and macroinvertebrate assemblage variables in summer and winter. In both wetlands marked seasonality in salinity, temperature and sediment texture classification, regulated by oceanic influence and changes in the freshwater budget, was observed. In the Rocuant-Andalién wetland, the increases in pH, dissolved oxygen, gravel percentage, and coliform concentration were statistically significant. Urbanization generated negative impacts on macroinvertebrate assemblage structure that inhabit the wetlands; greater richness and abundance (8.5 times greater) were recorded in the Tubul-Raqui wetland than in the more urbanized wetland. The multivariate statistical analysis reflects the alteration of these complex systems.
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Chen, Chen, Jiajun Feng, Changyou Wang, Longjiang Mao i Yuanzhi Zhang. "Satellite-Based Monitoring of Coastal Wetlands in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, nr 6 (17.06.2022): 829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10060829.
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The dynamic process of the wetland can reflect its impact on the environment, and finding a balance point supporting harmonious coexistence between man and nature has become an issue of increasing concern. On the basis of previous studies that have focused on local coastal wetlands, the temporal and spatial changes and driving forces of wetlands in the Yancheng coastal area from 1991 to 2021 were analyzed over a larger area. According to the study findings: (1) The results of the study of the Yancheng coastal wetland with a larger scope differed significantly from findings resulting from a study of coastal wetland only. This difference was mainly reflected in the relatively stable situation of wetland ecology as a whole, while the changes in local surface features were more significant. (2) Natural wetlands were transformed into artificial wetlands and non-wetland types, and artificial wetlands were transformed into non-wetland types; additionally, reverse transformations and internal transformations of surface features also took place. For instance, the saltpan was transformed into mudflats (86.26 km2), and some mudflats into herbaceous vegetation (193.47 km2). (3) When analyzing the impact intensity of human activities on the Yancheng wetland, it was found that this factor has experienced a process of first rising and then falling. The index was 0.650, 0.653, 0.664, 0.661, and 0.641 in 1991, 2000, 2008, 2016, and 2021, respectively. (4) Lastly, an analysis of factors driving wetland change revealed that human factors were the most critical reasons for wetland landscape change. Our work can play a reference and inspiration role in the monitoring and protection of similar coastal wetlands.
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Wang, Minjing, Yanyan Kang, Zhuyou Sun, Jun Lei i Xiuqiang Peng. "Monitoring Wetland Landscape Evolution Using Landsat Time-Series Data: A Case Study of the Nantong Coast, China". Sustainability 14, nr 21 (22.10.2022): 13718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142113718.
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Coastal wetlands not only have rich biodiversity and high productivity but also provide important ecological services. The monitoring of landscape changes can provide important support for the sustainable development of coastal zones. Landsat images from 1986 to 2017 were used to interpret the types of coastal wetlands in Nantong. A single dynamic degree and multiple landscape indices were calculated to analyze the rate of change and characteristics of each wetland type. The results demonstrate the following: (1) A Nantong wetland type system was established, which was divided into three major categories and eleven subcategories. (2) In general, natural wetlands, such as thatched and Suaedasalsa marshes, were extremely reduced, while artificial wetlands and non-wetlands with high human activity, such as breeding ponds, farmland, and construction land, increased significantly. (3) In the past 30 years, due to the influence of environmental pressures, such as population growth, land demand, and economic development, the major influencing factors of local landscape change have shifted from natural geographical factors to human activities and economic as well as social factors. Remote sensing wetland interpretation can be very helpful in monitoring the dynamic changes in coastal wetlands and can provide scientific support for the sustainable management of coastal zones.
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Liu, Yuhong, Lixin Wang, Shumei Bao, Huamin Liu, Junbao Yu, Yu Wang, Hongbo Shao, Yan Ouyang i Shuqing An. "Effects of Different Vegetation Zones on CH4and N2O Emissions in Coastal Wetlands: A Model Case Study". Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/412183.
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The coastal wetland ecosystems are important in the global carbon and nitrogen cycle and global climate change. For higher fragility of coastal wetlands induced by human activities, the roles of coastal wetland ecosystems in CH4and N2O emissions are becoming more important. This study used a DNDC model to simulate current and future CH4and N2O emissions of coastal wetlands in four sites along the latitude in China. The simulation results showed that different vegetation zones, including bare beach,Spartinabeach, andPhragmitesbeach, produced different emissions of CH4and N2O in the same latitude region. Correlation analysis indicated that vegetation types, water level, temperature, and soil organic carbon content are the main factors affecting emissions of CH4and N2O in coastal wetlands.
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Taillardat, Pierre, Benjamin S. Thompson, Michelle Garneau, Karelle Trottier i Daniel A. Friess. "Climate change mitigation potential of wetlands and the cost-effectiveness of their restoration". Interface Focus 10, nr 5 (14.08.2020): 20190129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2019.0129.
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The cost-effective mitigation of climate change through nature-based carbon dioxide removal strategies has gained substantial policy attention. Inland and coastal wetlands (specifically boreal, temperate and tropical peatlands; tundra; floodplains; freshwater marshes; saltmarshes; and mangroves) are among the most efficient natural long-term carbon sinks. Yet, they also release methane (CH 4 ) that can offset the carbon they sequester. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis on wetland carbon dynamics to (i) determine their impact on climate using different metrics and time horizons, (ii) investigate the cost-effectiveness of wetland restoration for climate change mitigation, and (iii) discuss their suitability for inclusion in climate policy as negative emission technologies. Depending on metrics, a wetland can simultaneously be a net carbon sink (i.e. boreal and temperate peatlands net ecosystem carbon budget = −28.1 ± 19.13 gC m −2 y −1 ) but have a net warming effect on climate at the 100 years time-scale (i.e. boreal and temperate peatland sustained global warming potential = 298.2 ± 100.6 gCO 2 eq −1 m −2 y −1 ). This situation creates ambivalence regarding the effect of wetlands on global temperature. Moreover, our review reveals high heterogeneity among the (limited number of) studies that document wetland carbon budgets. We demonstrate that most coastal and inland wetlands have a net cooling effect as of today. This is explained by the limited CH 4 emissions that undisturbed coastal wetlands produce, and the long-term carbon sequestration performed by older inland wetlands as opposed to the short lifetime of CH 4 in the atmosphere. Analysis of wetland restoration costs relative to the amount of carbon they can sequester revealed that restoration is more cost-effective in coastal wetlands such as mangroves (US$1800 ton C −1 ) compared with inland wetlands (US$4200–49 200 ton C −1 ). We advise that for inland wetlands, priority should be given to conservation rather than restoration; while for coastal wetlands, both conservation and restoration may be effective techniques for climate change mitigation.
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Tian, Peng, Luodan Cao, Jialin Li, Ruiliang Pu, Yongchao Liu, Haitao Zhang i Caiyi Wang. "Ecosystem Stability Assessment of Yancheng Coastal Wetlands, a World Natural Heritage Site". Land 11, nr 4 (11.04.2022): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11040564.
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By evaluating the stability of coastal wetland ecosystems, health conditions of regional ecosystems can be revealed and the sustainable development of coastal wetlands can be promoted. Coastal wetlands have been scarcely involved in present ecosystem stability evaluation studies, these being performed with relatively simple evaluation data sources. Therefore, in this research, a comprehensive and representative ecosystem stability evaluation index system was constructed by using the pressure-state-response model and multi-source datasets from perspectives of internal and external environmental changes of the Yancheng coastal wetlands, Jiangsu, China. The analysis results indicated that: (1) The ecosystem stability of the Yancheng coastal wetlands was at an early warning stage, and all segments except the Binhai segment (relatively stable) were in an early warning state. (2) In the criterion layer, the Dafeng District and the whole Yancheng District were faced with the highest pressure, followed by the Dongtai, Xiangshui and Binhai segments, successively. The Sheyang segment reached the highest state level, followed by the Binhai, Xiangshui and Dafeng segments in succession. (3) In the factor layer, the whole Yancheng District was faced with high resource and socioeconomic double pressures, with a poor water quality state and relatively low environmental pressure; favorable soil, biological and landscape states; and positive response to wetland protection. Various factors varied from county to county. (4) In the index layer, the ecosystem stability of the Yancheng coastal wetlands was significantly influenced by the invasion of alien species, change rate of natural wetland area (D32), change rate of artificial wetland area, increment of aquafarm area, intensity of fertilizer application and coverage of dominant vegetations. The novel significance of this research lies in enriching global coastal wetlands ecosystem stability evaluation investigations by providing a typical case study.
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Wen, Li, i Michael G. Hughes. "Coastal Wetland Responses to Sea Level Rise: The Losers and Winners Based on Hydro-Geomorphological Settings". Remote Sensing 14, nr 8 (14.04.2022): 1888. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14081888.
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Many coastal wetlands are under pressure due to climate change and the associated sea level rise (SLR). Many previous studies suggest that upslope lateral migration is the key adaptive mechanism for saline wetlands, such as mangroves and saltmarshes. However, few studies have explored the long-term fate of other wetland types, such as brackish swamps and freshwater forests. Using the current wetland map of a micro-tidal estuary, the Manning River in New South Wales, Australia, this study built a machine learning model based on the hydro-geomorphological settings of four broad wetland types. The model was then used to predict the future wetland distribution under three sea level rise scenarios. The predictions were compared to compute the persistence, net, swap, and total changes in the wetlands to investigate the loss and gain potential of different wetland classes. Our results for the study area show extensive gains by mangroves under low (0.5 m), moderate (1.0 m), and high (1.5 m) sea level rise scenarios, whereas the other wetland classes could suffer substantial losses. Our findings suggest that the accommodation spaces might only be beneficial to mangroves, and their availability to saltmarshes might be limited by coastal squeeze at saline–freshwater ecotones. Furthermore, the accommodation spaces for freshwater wetlands were also restrained by coastal squeeze at the wetland-upland ecotones. As sea level rises, coastal wetlands other than mangroves could be lost due to barriers at the transitional ecotones. In our study, these are largely manifested by slope impacts on hydrology at a higher sea level. Our approach provides a framework to systematically assess the vulnerability of all coastal wetland types.
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Hamman, Evan, Jemma Purandare i Revel Pointon. "Protecting and Restoring Queensland's Coastal Wetlands". University of Queensland Law Journal 39, nr 3 (10.12.2020): 391–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.38127/uqlj.v39i3.5653.
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Coastal wetlands provide vital ecosystem services, including nutrient cycling, disaster risk reduction, and habitat for biodiversity, including shorebirds, seabirds, turtles and fish. How we design and implement policy approaches for the conservation of coastal wetlands and these ecosystem services matters enormously. This article joins a growing trend of literature that seeks to not only identify the importance of coastal wetlands, but also to consider how best to devise policy measures for their protection and restoration. The article focuses on Queensland’s coastal wetlands and suggests that the state has a real opportunity to become a national leader in wetland restoration. For that to occur, new legislative measures may be required to address issues such as tenure, land access, planning and risk management.
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Verhoeven, J. T. A. "Coastal wetlands". Aquatic Botany 27, nr 3 (marzec 1987): 295–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(87)90049-0.
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Jacobsen, Ole Stig. "Coastal wetlands". Ecological Modelling 38, nr 3-4 (październik 1987): 309–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3800(87)90103-7.
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Xie, Wen Xia, Zhen Xu i Kun Jie Zhu. "Review of Key Technique Research on the Field of Vegetation Restoration in Beach Wetlands". Advanced Materials Research 709 (czerwiec 2013): 948–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.709.948.
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The study wetland vegetation restoration technology system and representative beach wetland restoration projects at home and abroad are summarized. Technology system of wetland vegetation restoration mainly includes engineering technology and biological technology. Ecological restoration research of coastal wetland in China mainly concentrated in the Yellow River Delta, the southeast coastal mangrove wetlands, coastal beaches of Jiangsu and the coastal wetlands in Shanghai Fengxian District. Finally, the issues existed in current research field were pointed out. The research fields need to be strengthened for the detailed field investigation and laboratory analysis of soil, vegetation, hydrology, meteorology, etc. According to the actual situation of wetland beaches, wetland site type will be divided. Suitable salt-tolerant plant varieties should be filtered and the mudflat wetland vegetation recovery key technologies should be explored.
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Navarro, Nuria, Manuel Abad, Estefanía Bonnail i Tatiana Izquierdo. "The Arid Coastal Wetlands of Northern Chile: Towards an Integrated Management of Highly Threatened Systems". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, nr 9 (31.08.2021): 948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9090948.
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The ecological value of coastal wetlands is globally recognized, particularly as biodiversity hotspots, but also as buffer areas because of their role in the fight against climate change in recent years. Most of Chile’s coastal wetlands are concentrated in the central and southern part of the country due to climate conditions. However, northern coastal wetlands go unnoticed despite being located in areas of high water deficit (desert areas) and their role in bird migratory routes along the north–south coastal cordon of South America. This study reviews the current environmental status of the arid coastal wetlands of northern Chile (Lluta, Camarones, Loa, La Chimba, Copiapó, Totoral, Carrizal Bajo) in terms of regulations, management, and future aims. The main natural and anthropogenic threats to these coastal wetlands are identified, as well as the main management tools applied for their protection, e.g., the Nature Sanctuary designation, which allows for the protection of both privately and publicly owned property; and the Urban Wetland, a recently created protection category.
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Tian, Peng, Luodan Cao, Jialin Li, Ruiliang Pu, Hongbo Gong i Changda Li. "Landscape Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment Based on Multi-Scenario Simulations: A Case Study of Yancheng Coastal Wetland, China". Sustainability 13, nr 1 (25.12.2020): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010149.
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Carrying out coastal wetland landscape simulations and current and future ecological risk assessments is conducive to formulating policies for coastal wetland landscape planning and promoting the coordinated development of the social economy and ecological environment. This study used the Cellular Automaton (CA)-Markov model to simulate the landscape data of the study area under different scenarios in 2021 and 2025, and built an ecological risk assessment (ERS) index model to analyze the differences of spatio-temporal characteristics of ecological risks. The results showed that: (1) The test accuracy of the CA–Markov model was 0.9562 after passing through the consistency test. The spatial distribution data of landscapes under current utilization scenarios (CUSs), natural development scenarios (NDSs), and ecological protection scenarios (EPSs) were gained through simulations. (2) During 1991–2025, the landscape types of Yancheng coastal wetlands undertake complicated transfers and have vast transfer regions. Under CUSs and NDSs, a large number of natural wetlands are transferred to artificial wetlands. Under EPSs, the area of artificial wetlands declines and artificial wetlands are mainly transferred to natural wetlands. (3) The ecological risk of Yancheng Coastal Wetland increases, accompanied with significant spatial heterogeneity, which is manifested as low in the north area and high in the south area, and there exist some differences between sea areas and land areas. Ecological risk levels transfer violently.
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Zhang, Aiying, Zhixia Ying, Xunyu Hu i Mingjian Yu. "Phylogenetic Diversity of Wetland Plants across China". Plants 10, nr 9 (6.09.2021): 1850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10091850.
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Accelerating and severe wetland loss has made wetland restoration increasingly important. Current wetland restorations do not take into consideration the ecological adaptability of wetland plants at large scales, which likely affects their long-term restoration success. We explored the ecological adaptability, including plant life forms and phylogenetic diversity, of plants across 28 wetlands in China. We found that perennial herbs were more common than annual herbs, with the proportion of perennial herbs accounting for 40–50%, 45–65%, 45–70%, 50–60%, and 60–80% of species in coastal wetlands, human-made wetlands, lake wetlands, river wetlands, and marsh wetlands, respectively. A ranking of phylogenetic diversity indices (PDIs) showed an order of marsh < river < coastal < lake < human-made, meaning that human-made wetlands had the highest phylogenetic diversity and marsh wetlands had the lowest phylogenetic diversity. The nearest taxon index (NTI) was positive in 23 out of 28 wetlands, indicating that species were phylogenetically clustered in wetland habitats. Dominant species tended to be distantly related to non-dominant species, as were alien invasive species and native species. Our study indicated that annual herbs and perennial herbs were found in different proportions in different types of wetlands and that species were phylogenetically clustered in wetland habitats. To improve wetland restoration, we suggest screening for native annual herbs and perennial herbs in proportions that occur naturally and the consideration of the phylogenetic similarity to dominant native species.
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Sun, Fanglin, i Richard T. Carson. "Coastal wetlands reduce property damage during tropical cyclones". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, nr 11 (2.03.2020): 5719–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1915169117.
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Coastal wetlands dampen the impact of storm surge and strong winds. Studies on the economic valuation of this protective service provided by wetland ecosystems are, however, rare. Here, we analyze property damage caused by 88 tropical storms and hurricanes hitting the United States between 1996 and 2016 and show that counties with more wetland coverage experienced significantly less property damage. The expected economic value of the protective effects of wetlands varies widely across coastal US counties with an average value of about $1.8 million/km2per year and a median value of $91,000/km2. Wetlands confer relatively more protection against weaker storms and in states with weaker building codes. Recent wetland losses are estimated to have increased property damage from Hurricane Irma by $430 million. Our results suggest the importance of considering both natural and human factors in coastal zone defense policy.
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Xu, Ting, Baisha Weng, Denghua Yan, Kun Wang, Xiangnan Li, Wuxia Bi, Meng Li, Xiangjun Cheng i Yinxue Liu. "Wetlands of International Importance: Status, Threats, and Future Protection". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, nr 10 (22.05.2019): 1818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101818.
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The 2303 Wetlands of International Importance distribute unevenly in different continents. Europe owns the largest number of sites, while Africa has the largest area of sites. More than half of the sites are affected by three or four impact factors (55%). The most significant impact factors are pollution (54%), biological resources use (53%), natural system modification (53%), and agriculture and aquaculture (42%). The main affected objects are land area and environment of the wetlands, occurred in 75% and 69% of the sites, respectively. The types most affected by land area occupation are river wetlands and lake wetlands, the types with the greatest impact on environment are marine/coastal wetlands and river wetlands, the type with the greatest impact on biodiversity is river wetlands, the types most affected by water resources regulation are marsh wetlands and river wetlands, and the types most affected by climate change are lake wetlands and marine/coastal wetlands. About one-third of the wetland sites have been artificially reconstructed. However, it is found that the proportions of natural wetland sites not affected or affected by only one factor are generally higher than that of wetland sites both containing natural wetlands and human-made wetlands, while the proportions of wetland sites both containing natural wetlands and human-made wetlands affected by three or four factors are generally higher than that of natural wetland sites. Wetland sites in the UK and Ireland are least affected among all countries. Wetland management plans in different regions still have large space for improvement, especially in Africa and Asia. The protection and restoration of global wetlands can be carried out in five aspects, including management and policy, monitoring, restoration, knowledge, and funding.
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Sun, Shaobo, Yafei Wang, Zhaoliang Song, Chu Chen, Yonggen Zhang, Xi Chen, Wei Chen i in. "Modelling Aboveground Biomass Carbon Stock of the Bohai Rim Coastal Wetlands by Integrating Remote Sensing, Terrain, and Climate Data". Remote Sensing 13, nr 21 (27.10.2021): 4321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13214321.
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Remotely sensed vegetation indices (VIs) have been widely used to estimate the aboveground biomass (AGB) carbon stock of coastal wetlands by establishing Vis-related linear models. However, these models always have high uncertainties due to the large spatial variation and fragmentation of coastal wetlands. In this paper, an efficient coastal wetland AGB model for the Bohami Rim coastal wetlands was presented based on multiple data sets. The model was developed statistically with 7 independent variables from 23 metrics derived from remote sensing, topography, and climate data. Compared to previous models, it had better performance, with a root mean square error and r value of 188.32 g m−2 and 0.74, respectively. Using the model, we firstly generated a regional coastal wetland AGB map with a 10 m spatial resolution. Based on the AGB map, the AGB carbon stock of the Bohai Rim coastal wetland was 2.11 Tg C in 2019. The study demonstrated that integrating emerging high spatial resolution multi-remote sensing data and several auxiliary metrics can effectively improve VIs-based coastal wetland AGB models. Such models with emerging freely available data sets will allow for the rapid monitoring and better understanding of the special role that “blue carbon” plays in global carbon cycle.
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Boon, Paul I. "Coastal wetlands of temperate eastern Australia: will Cinderella ever go to the ball?" Marine and Freshwater Research 63, nr 10 (2012): 845. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf12205.
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The many sheltered embayments, riverine estuaries and drowned river valleys of temperate eastern Australia support a large area and a wide diversity of coastal wetlands. This region also supports over one-half of the country’s population and includes its major tourist and industrial centres. The story of Cinderella provides an excellent simile for the status of coastal wetlands in this region of Australia: coastal wetlands provide extremely valuable ecosystem services (indeed, of considerably greater value than those provided by an equivalent area of inland wetland), yet they are undervalued by the general community, by natural-resource managers and by funding agencies. The selective investment of ecological research (including rehabilitation studies) into inland wetlands – and in particular into floodplain wetlands of the Murray–Darling Basin – has left us inadequately equipped to understand how temperate coastal wetlands function, how they will respond to climate change, and how degraded sites can be rehabilitated. Not only is an increase in research funding required, but funding has to be coordinated and focussed. The problem, however, is not only a lack of research funding; at a more fundamental level, the widespread ignorance of the value of temperate coastal wetlands needs also to be addressed.
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Chen, Yu-Chi, i Chun-Han Shih. "Sustainable Management of Coastal Wetlands in Taiwan: A Review for Invasion, Conservation, and Removal of Mangroves". Sustainability 11, nr 16 (9.08.2019): 4305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11164305.
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Mangrove management has been a sustainable concern in coastal wetlands for decades, especially for original near-shore wetlands and environments without mangrove forests. Although studies outlining environmental, social, and economic benefits of mangrove forests have been increasing, few studies have examined sustainability and policies for reducing or removing mangroves. This study explores the current implemented strategies pertaining to the invasion, conservation, and removal of mangroves for wetland sustainability. A total of 19 mangrove sites were sorted out to develop the main patterns and factors for the destruction or protection in estuaries on the western coast of Taiwan. For traditional wetland management, when faced with development pressure, having protected areas under certain laws is a good direction to go for mangrove sustainability. Furthermore, due to the invasion of mangroves in the mudflats, the Siangshan Wetland indicated mangrove removal can be a positive conservation case as an appropriate habitat rehabilitation strategy for benthic organisms. Under special conditions, mangrove removal provides useful insights into the sustainability of wetlands. These insights contribute to facilitating the worldwide move towards sustainable management on mangrove wetlands. The study also presents the following strategies to further reduce or remove mangroves in the coastal wetlands that contain no mangrove forests: (1) Conducting studies to evaluate the effectiveness of mangrove removal; (2) implementing policies to ensure positive influences on coastal wetlands, and (3) providing mangrove conservation education for sustainable development.
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Davidson, Nick C. "How much wetland has the world lost? Long-term and recent trends in global wetland area". Marine and Freshwater Research 65, nr 10 (2014): 934. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf14173.
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It has been frequently stated, but without provision of supporting evidence, that the world has lost 50% of its wetlands (or 50% since 1900 AD). This review of 189 reports of change in wetland area finds that the reported long-term loss of natural wetlands averages between 54–57% but loss may have been as high as 87% since 1700 AD. There has been a much (3.7 times) faster rate of wetland loss during the 20th and early 21st centuries, with a loss of 64–71% of wetlands since 1900 AD. Losses have been larger and faster for inland than coastal natural wetlands. Although the rate of wetland loss in Europe has slowed, and in North America has remained low since the 1980s, the rate has remained high in Asia, where large-scale and rapid conversion of coastal and inland natural wetlands is continuing. It is unclear whether the investment by national governments in the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands has influenced these rates of loss. There is a need to improve the knowledge of change in wetland areas worldwide, particularly for Africa, the Neotropics and Oceania, and to improve the consistency of data on change in wetland areas in published papers and reports.
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Ali Baig, M. H., M. Sultan, M. Riaz Khan, L. Zhang, M. Kozlova, N. Abbas Malik i S. Wang. "WETLAND CHANGE DETECTION IN PROTECTED AND UNPROTECTED INDUS COASTAL AND INLAND DELTA". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W7 (14.09.2017): 1495–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w7-1495-2017.
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Worth of wetland sites lies in their ecological importance. They enhance ecosystem via provision of ecological services like improving water quality, groundwater infiltration, flood risk reduction and biodiversity regulation. Like other parts of the world Pakistan is also facing wetlands degradation. Ecological and economic significance of wetlands was recognized officially in 1971 as Pakistan became signatory of Ramsar wetland convention. Wetlands provide habitat to species of ecological and economic importance. Despite being recognized for international importance, Ramsar figures state that almost half of Pakistan’s wetlands are at moderate or prominent level threat. Wetlands ecosystems are deteriorating at a rapid rate, if uncontrolled this trend may lead to substantial losses. Therefore, management of these resources demands regular monitoring. Present study is dedicated to assessing levels of change overtime in three distinct types of wetlands in Pakistan i.e. Indus delta a coastal wetland, Uchhali complex an inland wetland which are both protected sites while another site Nurri Lagoon which is not sheltered under any category of protected areas. Remotely sensed data has remarkable applications in change detection. Multitemporal Landsat images were used to map changes occurring from 2006 to 2016. Results reveal that wetland area has considerably decreased for all types. Both protected sites have experienced degradation though impact is comparatively lesser than unprotected Nurri lagoon. Significance of protection strategies cannot be denied, it is recommended that mere declaration of a site protected area is not sufficient. It is equally important to control non-point pollutants and ensuring the compliance of conservation strategy.
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Liang, Haiji, Chong Chen, Kexin Wang i Guanqiong Ye. "Long-Term Spatiotemporal Changes in Ecosystem Services Caused by Coastal Wetland Type Transformation in China’s Hangzhou Bay". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, nr 11 (19.11.2022): 1781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111781.
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Coastal wetlands provide essential ecosystem services, while usually experiencing land transformation or degradation mainly due to intense anthropogenic activities and climate changes. Understanding the changes in wetlands ecosystem services is essential to decision makers for generating sound coastal planning. Hangzhou Bay is rich in wetland resources, and the urbanization of Hangzhou Bay in the past three decades has caused fundamental changes in the wetlands in the region. Based on the remote sensing images of the Hangzhou Bay area from 1990 to 2020, this paper analyzes the land use situation of the Hangzhou Bay area in seven periods. This paper calculates the area transfer matrix of various types of wetlands. It uses the InVEST model to evaluate the changes in the function of wetland ecosystem services in the Hangzhou Bay area. Hangzhou Bay wetlands show a trend of transferring natural wetlands to artificial and non-wetlands from 1990 to 2020. Carbon stocks fell by 14.24%. The annual water production decreased by 33.93% and then returned to the original level. The area of habitat degradation increased by 79.94%. The main influencing factors are paddy field degradation, increase in non-wetland area, and decrease in sea area. This paper proposes that the development and construction of farmland in the “red line” area and established wetland reserves are prohibited, and to strengthen the training of wetland management personnel, establish a sound decision-making consultation mechanism, and increase the scientific research expenditure on wetlands in the region.
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Li, Yi, Jianhui Qiu, Zheng Li i Yangfan Li. "Assessment of Blue Carbon Storage Loss in Coastal Wetlands under Rapid Reclamation". Sustainability 10, nr 8 (9.08.2018): 2818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082818.
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Highly productive coastal wetlands play an essential role in storing blue carbon as one of their ecosystem services, but they are increasingly jeopardized by intensive reclamation activities to facilitate rapid population growth and urbanization. Coastal reclamation causes the destruction and severe degradation of wetland ecosystems, which may affect their abilities to store blue carbon. To assist with international accords on blue carbon, we evaluated the dynamics of blue carbon storage in coastal wetlands under coastal reclamation in China. By integrating carbon density data collected from field measurement experiments and from the literature, an InVEST model, Carbon Storage and Sequestration was used to estimate carbon storage across the reclamation area between 1990 and 2015. The result is the first map capable of informing about blue carbon storage in coastal reclamation areas on a national scale. We found that more than 380,000 hectares of coastal wetlands were affected by reclamation, which resulted in the release of ca. 20.7 Tg of blue carbon. The carbon loss from natural wetlands to artificial wetlands accounted for 72.5% of total carbon loss, which highlights the major task in managing coastal sustainability. In addition, the top 20% of coastal wetlands in carbon storage loss covered 4.2% of the total reclamation area, which can be applied as critical information for coastal redline planning. We conclude that the release of blue carbon due to the conversion of natural wetlands exceeded the total carbon emission from energy consumption within the reclamation area. Implementing the Redline policy could guide the management of coastal areas resulting in greater resiliency regarding carbon emission and sustained ecosystem services.
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Wu, Ruijuan, i Jing Wang. "Identifying Coastal Wetlands Changes Using a High-Resolution Optical Images Feature Hierarchical Selection Method". Applied Sciences 12, nr 16 (19.08.2022): 8297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12168297.
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Coastal wetlands are dynamic and fragile ecosystems where complex changes have taken place. As they are affected by environmental changes and human activities, it is of great practical significance to monitor coastal wetlands changes regularly. High-resolution optical data can observe changes in coastal wetlands, however, the impact of different optical features on the identification of changes in coastal wetlands is not clear. Simultaneously, the combination of many features could cause the “dimension disaster” problem. In addition, only small amounts of training samples are accessible at pre- or post-changed time. In order to solve the above problems, the feature hierarchical selection method is proposed, taking into account the jumping degree of different image features. The influence of different optical features on wetland classification was analyzed. In addition, a training samples transfer learning strategy was designed for wetland classification, and the classification result at pre- and post-changed times were compared to identify the “from-to” coastal wetlands changes. The southeastern coastal wetlands located in Jiangsu Province were used as a study area, and ZY-3 images in 2013 and 2018 were used to verify the proposed methods. The results show that the feature hierarchical selection method can provide a quantitative reference for optimal subset feature selection. A training samples transfer learning strategy was used to classify post-changed optical data, the overall accuracy of transferred training samples was 91.16%, and it ensures the accuracy requirements for change identification. In the study area, the salt marsh increased mainly from the sea area, because salt marshes expand rapidly throughout coastal areas, and aquaculture ponds increased from the sea area and salt marshes, because of the considerable economic benefits of the aquacultural industry.
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Breda, Angelo, Patricia M. Saco, Steven G. Sandi, Neil Saintilan, Gerardo Riccardi i José F. Rodríguez. "Accretion, retreat and transgression of coastal wetlands experiencing sea-level rise". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 25, nr 2 (18.02.2021): 769–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-769-2021.
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Abstract. The vulnerability of coastal wetlands to future sea-level rise (SLR) has been extensively studied in recent years, and models of coastal wetland evolution have been developed to assess and quantify the expected impacts. Coastal wetlands respond to SLR by vertical accretion and landward migration. Wetlands accrete due to their capacity to trap sediments and to incorporate dead leaves, branches, stems and roots into the soil, and they migrate driven by the preferred inundation conditions in terms of salinity and oxygen availability. Accretion and migration strongly interact, and they both depend on water flow and sediment distribution within the wetland, so wetlands under the same external flow and sediment forcing but with different configurations will respond differently to SLR. Analyses of wetland response to SLR that do not incorporate realistic consideration of flow and sediment distribution, like the bathtub approach, are likely to result in poor estimates of wetland resilience. Here, we investigate how accretion and migration processes affect wetland response to SLR using a computational framework that includes all relevant hydrodynamic and sediment transport mechanisms that affect vegetation and landscape dynamics, and it is efficient enough computationally to allow the simulation of long time periods. Our framework incorporates two vegetation species, mangrove and saltmarsh, and accounts for the effects of natural and manmade features like inner channels, embankments and flow constrictions due to culverts. We apply our model to simplified domains that represent four different settings found in coastal wetlands, including a case of a tidal flat free from obstructions or drainage features and three other cases incorporating an inner channel, an embankment with a culvert, and a combination of inner channel, embankment and culvert. We use conditions typical of south-eastern Australia in terms of vegetation, tidal range and sediment load, but we also analyse situations with 3 times the sediment load to assess the potential of biophysical feedbacks to produce increased accretion rates. We find that all wetland settings are unable to cope with SLR and disappear by the end of the century, even for the case of increased sediment load. Wetlands with good drainage that improves tidal flushing are more resilient than wetlands with obstacles that result in tidal attenuation and can delay wetland submergence by 20 years. Results from a bathtub model reveal systematic overprediction of wetland resilience to SLR: by the end of the century, half of the wetland survives with a typical sediment load, while the entire wetland survives with increased sediment load.
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Wang, Hua, Walter Keithly i Rex Caffey. "Factors Influencing Landowners’ Decisions for Income-Generating Activities on Private Coastal Wetland in Louisiana". Resources 8, nr 2 (4.06.2019): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources8020105.
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The coastal zone of Louisiana contains more than 3 million wetland acres and has the highest acreage of salt marsh of any state. However, Louisiana accounts for 80 percent of the nation’s coastal land loss. The loss of Louisiana’s coastal wetlands results in changes in economic and ecological benefits on local communities. The purpose of the study is to investigate the factors that motivate private coastal landowners to participate in income-generating activities and the level of income derived from their coastal wetland parcels and to gauge their opinion of potential policy instruments for coastal wetlands stewardship. A double-hurdle model was applied to econometrically identify the determinants on the participation and level of participation in income-generating activities using data collected from a sample of coastal wetland owners. The results based on the estimated parameters and marginal effects revealed that decisions to participate and the level of participation are related to physical characteristics of the wetland and socioeconomic characteristics of the landowner. For example, the type of wetland is the primary factor influencing the decision to participate and the level of participation. In addition, understanding the landowner’s attitude toward wetland restoration program provides the opportunity for policymakers to better evaluate current and potential policies for coastal management in Louisiana.
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Loveline, Enwere Chidimma. "IMPACTS OF WETLAND DEGRADATION IN NIGER DELTA NIGERIA AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN FLOOD CONTROL". International Journal of Environment 4, nr 3 (24.08.2015): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i3.13244.
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Wetlands perform a wide variety of functions that include flood control, ground water recharge, shore line stabilization, storm protection and climate moderation. However, despite these huge wetland functions, it has witnessed poor appreciation and dreadful conditions. Niger Delta has witnessed constant coastal erosion and rising sea level, this has led to large portions of the landmass being eroded. This paper aims to review some environmental effects of flooding in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria to provide the desired knowledge of role that wetlands play in reducing flood impacts. However, having witnessed the flood, the experience opened my eyes to the environmental challenges facing Niger Delta with respect to Wetlands degradation, poor perception of wetland values and functions, poor environmental practices and non-implementation of environmental regulations. This memorable experience rekindled the desire and motivation to seek a solution to wetland degradation with the aim of recognizing significance of wetlands at the centre of achieving both livelihood and biodiversity improvements to address coastal flooding problem.The study therefore concludes that wetlands are very significant in flood control and thus the conservation and restoration of wetlands, should put in place measures to reduce wetland destruction.International Journal of EnvironmentVolume-4, Issue-3, June-August 2015Page: 177-184
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Lin, Wenpeng, Yuan Li, Dan Xu i Ying Zeng. "CHANGES IN LANDSCAPE PATTERN OF WETLAND AROUND HANGZHOU BAY". ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-3 (23.04.2018): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-3-153-2018.
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Hangzhou Bay is an important estuarial coastal wetland, which offers a large number of land and ecological resources. It plays a significant role in the sustainable development of resources, environment and economy. In this paper, based on the remote sensing images in 1996, 2005 and 2013, we extracted the coastal wetland data and analyzed the wetland landscape pattern of the Hangzhou Bay in the past 20 years. The results show that: (1) the area of coastal wetland is heading downwards in the recent decades. Paddy field and the coastal wetland diminish greatly. (2) the single dynamic degree of wetland of the Hangzhou Bay displays that paddy fields and coastal wetlands are shrinking, but lakes, reservoirs and ponds are constantly expanding. (3) the wetland landscape pattern index shows that total patch area of the coastal wetland and paddy fields have gradually diminished. The Shannon diversity index, the Shannon evenness index as well as the landscape separation index of the coastal wetlands in the Hangzhou Bay increase steadily. The landscape pattern in the study area has shown a trend of high fragmentation, dominance decreases, but some dominant landscape still exist in this region. (4) Urbanization and natural factors lead to the reduction of wetland area. Besides the pressure of population is a major threat to the wetland. The study will provide scientific basis for long-term planning for this region.
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Hu, Kelin, Qin Chen i Ehab Meselhe. "MODELING THE EFFECT OF LAND-BUILDING PROJECTS ON STORM SURGE AND HURRICANE WAVES IN COASTAL LOUISIANA". Coastal Engineering Proceedings, nr 36 (30.12.2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.risk.21.
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Wetland loss on the hurricane-prone Louisiana coast continues at an alarmingly high rate. Coastal Louisiana is at risk of losing between 2118 and 4677 km2 of land over the next 50 years (Couvillion et al., 2013). To combat the devastating wetland loss, the Louisiana 2017 Coastal Master Plan (CMP) called for sediment diversions along the lower Mississippi River to enhance sediment supplies to coastal wetlands and build more wetlands. The Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority (CPRA) plans to spend $2 billion on the Mid-Breton and Mid-Barataria sediment diversion projects. In this study, numerical experiments were conducted to quantify the effect of land-building projects on storm surge and hurricane waves in Barataria and Breton Basins of Louisiana.
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Cui, Linlin, Guosheng Li, Yanhui Chen i Lijuan Li. "Response of Landscape Evolution to Human Disturbances in the Coastal Wetlands in Northern Jiangsu Province, China". Remote Sensing 13, nr 11 (21.05.2021): 2030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13112030.
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Human disturbance is one of the essential driving forces of landscape evolution. The quantitative evaluation of the spatial and temporal characteristics of landscape evolution and its relationship with human disturbance are of great significance to regional ecological protection and management and are crucial for achieving coordinated socioeconomic development and ecological–environmental protection. In this study, we took the coastal wetlands in northern Jiangsu province, China, as the research area, and proposed a quantitative evaluation method for directional landscape evolution. On this basis, the spatiotemporal characteristics of the landscape evolution from 1980 to 2020 and the relationship with human disturbance were quantitatively evaluated by combining a human disturbance index and statistical methods. The results showed that: (1) The area of the natural wetlands decreased significantly over the past 40 years, while the areas of artificial wetlands and non-wetlands increased significantly. (2) The landscape evolution process was dominated by the degradation process. The main types of degradation were natural wetland conversion to artificial wetland and non-wetland areas and Spartina alterniflora invasion. The restoration type was mainly restoration among artificial and natural wetlands. (3) The degradation of wetland landscapes demonstrated a southward shift trend and the spatial consistency with the change of the human disturbance index was high (the correlation coefficient was 0.89). (4) The human disturbance index was significantly and positively correlated with the rate of degradation, with a correlation coefficient of 0.43, and was not significantly and positively correlated with the restoration rate, with a correlation coefficient of 0.14. The findings in this paper provide additional information and theoretical guidance for the control of coastal wetland development and utilization, as well as for achieving coordinated wetland resource development together with utilization and ecological protection in the coastal wetlands of Jiangsu province, China.
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Pricope, Narcisa Gabriela, Joanne Nancie Halls, Kerry Lynn Mapes, Joseph Britton Baxley i James JyunYueh Wu. "Quantitative Comparison of UAS-Borne LiDAR Systems for High-Resolution Forested Wetland Mapping". Sensors 20, nr 16 (10.08.2020): 4453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20164453.
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Wetlands provide critical ecosystem services across a range of environmental gradients and are at heightened risk of degradation from anthropogenic pressures and continued development, especially in coastal regions. There is a growing need for high-resolution (spatially and temporally) habitat identification and precise delineation of wetlands across a variety of stakeholder groups, including wetlands loss mitigation programs. Traditional wetland delineations are costly, time-intensive and can physically degrade the systems that are being surveyed, while aerial surveys are relatively fast and relatively unobtrusive. To assess the efficacy and feasibility of using two variable-cost LiDAR sensors mounted on a commercial hexacopter unmanned aerial system (UAS) in deriving high resolution topography, we conducted nearly concomitant flights over a site located in the Atlantic Coastal plain that contains a mix of palustrine forested wetlands, upland coniferous forest, upland grass and bare ground/dirt roads. We compared point clouds and derived topographic metrics acquired using the Quanergy M8 and the Velodyne HDL-32E LiDAR sensors with airborne LiDAR and results showed that the less expensive and lighter payload sensor outperforms the more expensive one in deriving high resolution, high accuracy ground elevation measurements under a range of canopy cover densities and for metrics of point cloud density and digital terrain computed both globally and locally using variable size tessellations. The mean point cloud density was not significantly different between wetland and non-wetland areas, but the two sensors were significantly different by wetland/non-wetland type. Ultra-high-resolution LiDAR-derived topography models can fill evolving wetlands mapping needs and increase accuracy and efficiency of detection and prediction of sensitive wetland ecosystems, especially for heavily forested coastal wetland systems.
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Gómez-Sánchez, Rodrigo, Diego Cuba i Héctor Aponte. "SOBRE LA NECESIDAD DE DESCENTRALIZACIÓN Y DIVERSIFICACIÓN DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN EN HUMEDALES COSTEROS PERUANOS". Biologist 20, nr 1 (24.01.2022): 121–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24039/rtb20222011311.
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On the Peruvian coast, wetlands are ecosystems of great importance for local biodiversity and the surrounding human population. These ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to the impact of anthropic activities and climate change, causing the reduction and fragmentation of these spaces. We aim to identify characteristics of the research on Peruvian coastal wetlands, emphasizing their distribution by wetland and region, and the topics that have been studied. To do this, we searched for published investigations in indexed journals among the years 2001 and 2020 using online databases. A hundred and seventy-two papers on Peruvian coastal wetlands were found; the results of the analysis showed three main patterns: a) centralization in the Lima and Callao regions, b) greater research development in coastal wetlands protected by the state and c) greater study of birds' fauna and flora (mainly as species lists). We consider it necessary to decentralize research towards less studied regions, wetlands and subject areas, allowing to have a better overview of the diversity and needs of these coastal ecosystems.
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Jiao, Leilei, Weiwei Sun, Gang Yang, Guangbo Ren i Yinnian Liu. "A Hierarchical Classification Framework of Satellite Multispectral/Hyperspectral Images for Mapping Coastal Wetlands". Remote Sensing 11, nr 19 (26.09.2019): 2238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11192238.
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Mapping different land cover types with satellite remote sensing data is significant for restoring and protecting natural resources and ecological services in coastal wetlands. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical classification framework (HCF) that implements two levels of classification scheme to identify different land cover types of coastal wetlands. The first level utilizes the designed decision tree to roughly group land covers into four rough classes and the second level combines multiple features (i.e., spectral feature, texture feature and geometric feature) of each class to distinguish different subtypes of land covers in each rough class. Two groups of classification experiments on Landsat and Sentinel multispectral data and China Gaofen (GF)-5 hyperspectral data are carried out in order to testify the classification behaviors of two famous coastal wetlands of China, that is, Yellow River Estuary and Yancheng coastal wetland. Experimental results on Landsat data show that the proposed HCF performs better than support vector machine and random forest in classifying land covers of coastal wetlands. Moreover, HCF is suitable for both multispectral data and hyperspectral data and the GF-5 data is superior to Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 multispectral data in obtaining fine classification results of coastal wetlands.
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Kingsford, R. T., K. Brandis, R. F. Thomas, P. Crighton, E. Knowles i E. Gale. "Classifying landform at broad spatial scales: the distribution and conservation of wetlands in New South Wales, Australia". Marine and Freshwater Research 55, nr 1 (2004): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf03075.
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Relatively few large-scale inventories of the world's wetlands exist because of the difficulties of spatial scale, associated cost and multiple objectives, often temporally confounded, that drive classification. The extent of wetlands across a large part of Australia (New South Wales, 80.6 million ha) was determined using satellite image analyses. These data allowed analyses of the distribution of wetlands, their conservation status and potential threats at different spatial scales; that is, State, coastal and inland, and catchment. Approximately 5.6% of New South Wales is wetland (4.5 million ha), mostly (96%) in inland river catchments. Broad classification allowed identification of the extent of wetland types: (i) floodplains (89%); (ii) freshwater lakes (6.6%); (iii) saline lakes (< 1%); (iv) estuarine wetlands (2.5%); and (v) coastal lagoons and lakes (1.5%). Conservation reserves protect only 3% of wetland area. The analyses identified the north-west as the key area for wetland conservation as most other catchments have lower wetland extent and more potential threatening processes. The first stage of a large-scale inventory is to determine the extent and location of wetlands, with immediate benefits for strategic conservation and management. Other objectives (e.g. classification, biotic composition, hydrology and threats) seldom have sufficient data available for large-scale inventories but can be completed later with resources.
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He, Keqi, Yu Zhang, Wenhong Li, Ge Sun i Steve McNulty. "Detecting Coastal Wetland Degradation by Combining Remote Sensing and Hydrologic Modeling". Forests 13, nr 3 (3.03.2022): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13030411.
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Sea-level rise and climate change stresses pose increasing threats to coastal wetlands that are vital to wildlife habitats, carbon sequestration, water supply, and other ecosystem services with global significance. However, existing studies are limited in individual sites, and large-scale mapping of coastal wetland degradation patterns over a long period is rare. Our study developed a new framework to detect spatial and temporal patterns of coastal wetland degradation by analyzing fine-scale, long-term remotely sensed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data. Then, this framework was tested to track the degradation of coastal wetlands at the Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge (ARNWR) in North Carolina, United States, during the period from 1995 to 2019. We identified six types of coastal wetland degradation in the study area. Most of the detected degradation was located within 2 km from the shoreline and occurred in the past five years. Further, we used a state-of-the-art coastal hydrologic model, PIHM-Wetland, to investigate key hydrologic processes/variables that control the coastal wetland degradation. The temporal and spatial distributions of simulated coastal flooding and saltwater intrusion confirmed the location and timing of wetland degradation detected by remote sensing. The combined method also quantified the possible critical thresholds of water tables for wetland degradation. The remote sensing–hydrologic model integrated scheme proposed in this study provides a new tool for detecting and understanding coastal wetland degradation mechanisms. Our study approach can also be extended to other coastal wetland regions to understand how climate change and sea-level rise impact wetland transformations.
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Eaton, T. T., i C. Yi. "Hydroperiod and hydraulic loading for treatment potential in urban tidal wetlands". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 6, nr 1 (30.01.2009): 589–625. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-6-589-2009.
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Abstract. Conventional methods of estimating water quality improvement due to wetland treatment are not well suited to the dynamic water level and wetted area fluctuations observed in coastal settings. We present a new method to quantify hydroperiod and hydraulic loading at different elevations in a coastal wetland profile in which the principal inflows and outflows are due to tides. We apply our method to an urban coastal setting (part of the New York-New Jersey Harbor Estuary) where a major water quality problem persists due to fecal coliform contamination from combined sewer overflow (CSO) discharges. Based on three types of simplified hydrograph, we show how such an approach and conceptual model of a terraced tidal wetland with constant mean slope can be used to assess hydrologic constraints for wetland vegetation species and the potential treatment effectiveness for adjacent impaired coastal waters. Resulting hydroperiods and hydraulic loading values decrease approximately exponentially with elevation along the wetland profile with considerable variation in overall slope depending on the hydrograph pattern. Application of a first-order contamination reduction model using our calculated hydraulic loadings indicates that such tidal treatment wetlands could reduce average fecal coliform concentrations in the range of 27% to 94% depending on the pattern of water level fluctuation, wetland surface elevation and vegetation density. Our analysis shows the performance potential for tidal wetlands to treat adjacent coastal waters. Restoration of existing salt marshes, and construction of new tidal wetlands would therefore be a promising part of an ecohydrologic strategy to improve water quality in contaminated urban coastal settings like the New York-New Jersey Harbor Estuary.
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Stenert, Cristina, Roberta C. Bacca, Carolina C. Mostardeiro i Leonardo Maltchik. "Environmental predictors of macroinvertebrate communities in coastal wetlands of southern Brazil". Marine and Freshwater Research 59, nr 6 (2008): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf07220.
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The rapid degradation of wetlands worldwide accentuates the urgent need for ecological data to help manage and protect the threatened biodiversity in the remaining often-fragmented wetlands. In the Neotropics where fragmentation is common, environmental factors structuring aquatic macroinvertebrate communities are poorly known. We tested the hypothesis that physical features, such as wetland area, habitat diversity, water depth and temperature, and water and sediment chemistry are important correlates with richness, density and composition of wetland macroinvertebrate assemblages in Brazil. If so, do these correlations differ between summer and winter? A total of 16 895 individuals across 61 families were collected. Richness was positively associated with habitat diversity and water depth and negatively associated with water temperature. Macroinvertebrate density was negatively associated with water depth, and positively correlated with habitat diversity, percentage of sediment organic matter and water conductivity. Macroinvertebrate composition was associated mainly with wetland area and habitat diversity in the wetlands studied; these relationships persisted in both seasons. Our data illustrate environmental factors that potentially structure and maintain aquatic macroinvertebrate biodiversity in southern Brazil wetlands, and should be managed because 90% of these ecosystems have already been lost as a result of human activities.
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Trebitz, Anett S., John C. Brazner, Nicholas P. Danz, Mark S. Pearson, Gregory S. Peterson, Danny K. Tanner, Debra L. Taylor, Corlis W. West i Thomas P. Hollenhorst. "Geographic, anthropogenic, and habitat influences on Great Lakes coastal wetland fish assemblages". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 66, nr 8 (sierpień 2009): 1328–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f09-089.
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We analyzed data from coastal wetlands across the Laurentian Great Lakes to identify fish assemblage patterns and relationships to habitat, watershed condition, and regional setting. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination of electrofishing catch-per-effort data revealed an overriding geographic and anthropogenic stressor gradient that appeared to structure fish composition via impacts on water clarity and vegetation structure. Wetlands in Lakes Erie and Michigan with agricultural watersheds, turbid water, little submerged vegetation, and a preponderance of generalist, tolerant fishes occupied one end of this gradient, while wetlands in Lake Superior with largely natural watersheds, clear water, abundant submerged vegetation, and diverse fishes occupied the other. Fish composition was also related to wetland morphology, hydrology, exposure, and substrate, but this was only evident within low-disturbance wetlands. Anthropogenic stress appears to homogenize fish composition among wetlands and mask other fish–habitat associations. Because land use is strongly spatially patterned across the Great Lakes and aquatic vegetation is a key habitat element that responds to both biogeography and disturbance, it is difficult to disentangle natural from anthropogenic drivers of coastal wetland fish composition.
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H. O, Nwankwoala,, i Okujagu, D.C. "A REVIEW OF WETLANDS AND COASTAL RESOURCES OF THE NIGER DELTA: POTENTIALS, CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS". Environment & Ecosystem Science 5, nr 1 (19.03.2021): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/ees.01.2021.37.46.
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Wetlands are areas where water covers the soil or is present either at or near the surface of the soil all year or for varying periods of time during the year, including during the growing season. The Niger Delta in Nigeria is the largest wetland in Africa and the third largest mangrove forest in the world with three sites listed as Ramsar Wetlands of International Importance. The Niger Delta wetlands and coastal resources are of high monetary significance to the local dwellers and the nation in general. This highly coveted wetland is changing rapidly, raising concern for its attendant implication on the communities relying upon its ecosystem potentials. A comprehensive data of the facilities delivered by wetlands is a significant key for real-time wetland ecosystem management. Existing literatures, were synthesized for this review on the potentials, challenges and prospects of the Niger Delta wetlands. It is pertinent from this review that the Niger Delta Wetland is wealthy in aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity of high financial significance to development of Nigeria, and is being challenged by natural and human activities such as dam construction, logging/lumbering, over-grazing, unrestrained tilling of soil for crop production, wetland reclamation, dredging, oil and gas exploration, over-fishing, invasive plant infestation, pollution, Coastal Infrastructure construction, poverty, droughts, desertification, sand storm, alien invasion, sea rising, erosion, etc. The Niger Delta Wetlands harbor tremendous wealth and supply many services that are necessary for human well-being such as location for spiritual renewal and recreation (eco-tourism), flood control, climate regulation, crop pollination, soil regeneration, raw material, energy, air and water purification; food chain supply, and medicines (Herbal solutions). This review postulates that in view of the immense significance and status of the Niger Delta Wetlands, effective and sequential monitoring be put in place by the establishment of centers of excellence in all universities in the Niger Delta Region with emphasis on studying the rich economic diversity of the wetland using remote sensing and Geographic Information System technologies for efficient conservation and management of the wetland resources.
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Meng, Wei Qing, Bei Bei Hu i Zhong Liang Wang. "Coastal Wetland Degradation and its Restoration Planning Incorporating Landscape and Ecological Processes in Tianjin, Northern China". Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (czerwiec 2014): 4123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.4123.
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Coastal wetlands are the main natural ecosystem type and provide important ecosystem services. During the past thirty years, wetlands had experienced increasing pressures from occupation and degradation with coastal economic activities in Tianjin. A large amount of natural wetland had been changed into artificial wetland, and rivers had been seriously polluted. Using remote-sensing images, the recent history of the dynamics for the shoreline changes and reclamation were described. The area of reclamation land increased from 52.32 km2 in 2004 to 312.78 km2 in 2010. Following the investigation, 232 species wetland plants were found and they are belongs to 46 families and 135 genera. The community is mainly composed of herbs, and no big trees were founded as high salt content in soil and groundwater. The coastal wetland vegetation succession rules were summarized based on investigation and a wetland protection and restoration program was put forward based on the vegetation succession sequence and the landscape context. The planning includ two wetland protection sites, two wetland restoration sites, one wetland park and one wetland education site to reconstruct the ecological integrity in Tianjin coastal region.
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Vizza, Carmella, William E. West, Stuart E. Jones, Julia A. Hart i Gary A. Lamberti. "Regulators of coastal wetland methane production and responses to simulated global change". Biogeosciences 14, nr 2 (26.01.2017): 431–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-431-2017.
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Abstract. Wetlands are the largest natural source of methane (CH4) emissions to the atmosphere, which vary along salinity and productivity gradients. Global change has the potential to reshape these gradients and therefore alter future contributions of wetlands to the global CH4 budget. Our study examined CH4 production along a natural salinity gradient in fully inundated coastal Alaska wetlands. In the laboratory, we incubated natural sediments to compare CH4 production rates between non-tidal freshwater and tidal brackish wetlands, and quantified the abundances of methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria in these ecosystems. We also simulated seawater intrusion and enhanced organic matter availability, which we predicted would have contrasting effects on coastal wetland CH4 production. Tidal brackish wetlands produced less CH4 than non-tidal freshwater wetlands probably due to high sulfate availability and generally higher abundances of sulfate-reducing bacteria, whereas non-tidal freshwater wetlands had significantly greater methanogen abundances. Seawater addition experiments with freshwater sediments, however, did not reduce CH4 production, perhaps because the 14-day incubation period was too short to elicit a shift in microbial communities. In contrast, increased organic matter enhanced CH4 production in 75 % of the incubations, but this response depended on the macrophyte species added, with half of the species treatments having no significant effect. Our study suggests that CH4 production in coastal wetlands, and therefore their overall contribution to the global CH4 cycle, will be sensitive to increased organic matter availability and potentially seawater intrusion. To better predict future wetland contributions to the global CH4 budget, future studies and modeling efforts should investigate how multiple global change mechanisms will interact to impact CH4 dynamics.