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Carrión-Mero, Paúl, F. Javier Montalván, Fernando Morante-Carballo, Carolina Loor-Flores de Valgas, Boris Apolo-Masache i Javier Heredia. "Flow and Transport Numerical Model of a Coastal Aquifer Based on the Hydraulic Importance of a Dyke and Its Impact on Water Quality. Manglaralto—Ecuador". Water 13, nr 4 (8.02.2021): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040443.
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Coastal aquifers are part of the natural resources contributing to local development and promote resilience in the most vulnerable communities near the sea. Manglaralto, an Ecuadorian coastal parish, is affected by water resource scarcity. The increase in salinity and deterioration of the water quality is generated by the local and floating population’s demand, causing an increase in the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) concentrations and decreasing the aquifer’s piezometric levels. The aim is to establish a numerical model of flow and transport of the Manglaralto coastal aquifer by using hydrogeological data and Visual Transin software, relating the hydraulic importance of a dyke’s design (“tape”) and its impact on the quality of the water. The methodology is (i) hydrogeological database analysis, (ii) the system’s recharge concerning the soil water balance, (iii) the boundary conditions of the flow and transport model and, (iv) the results and validation of the numerical simulation. The results configure the importance of the coastal aquifer’s artificial recharge in the area where the tape is located, as reflected in the increase in piezometric levels and the decrease in salinity in wells near the sea. In conclusion, the numerical model of flow and transport allows expanding the knowledge of the variation of the piezometric levels and TDS concentrations over time, the importance of recharge in the hydrogeological system’s operation, and correct community management resilience and projection to sustainable development.
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Kim, Yong-Jin, Dong-Cheon Seo, Seung-Mi Jeong, Eun-Jung Kim i Hye-Sung Lee. "도서지역의 해안폐기물 관리체계 개선방안 제안". Journal of the Korean Society of Urban Environment 20, nr 1 (31.03.2020): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33768/ksue.2020.20.1.069.
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Marousi, Konstantina P., i Yorgos J. Stephanedes. "Dynamic Management of Urban Coastal Traffic and Port Access Control". Sustainability 15, nr 20 (13.10.2023): 14871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152014871.
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Urban traffic congestion and vehicle/passenger port recurring delays are major obstacles of coastal urban area sustainability. Most research in coastal urban road management has focused on congestion detection without the effective integration of the dynamic interactions with port queueing systems. For securing coastal city environmental, social and economic efficiency, this paper develops and tests a dynamic urban coastal traffic and port management system. The integrated system controls traffic and port gates’ operations based on ITS/C-ITS methodologies. The system integrates dynamic models for congestion detection, using ANN and a parameterized model, on a coastal urban road network that leads to a city port and identifies optimal solutions for road traffic and port queuing gate control. The system communicates with users via connected vehicles and VMS. The system was tested in a coastal urban road leading to Patras Southern Port, Greece, and at port control gates. Field and simulation data were used to assess system performance and social–environmental impacts. The results reveal that the system’s application offers benefits to the individual driver moving towards the Port to board a ship (gaining at least 7 min and consuming 0.306 L less fuel) as well as to society (39.72% increase in traffic safety) and environment (1,445,132 g CO2 emission reduction).
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Dishington, Rachel. "Extreme, Outrageous, and (Un)reliable: Navigating Uncertainty in the Development of Sound-Based Fog Signals in Scotland, 1860–1900". Technology and Culture 65, nr 4 (październik 2024): 1223–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tech.2024.a940467.
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abstract: This case study demonstrates how an analysis grounded in sound studies, rather than visual studies, reveals a different technological outcome in the development of coastal navigation systems. In the late nineteenth century, engineers at Scotland's Northern Lighthouse Board developed and managed a growing network of sound-based fog signals, primarily using steam-powered sirens. Despite the prevailing perception that sound signaling was more unreliable and risky than lighthouses for coastal navigation, engineers focused on maximizing the loudness of these devices to address the uncertainty of sound transmission. By prioritizing the siren and narrowing the system's goals to warning sailors about imminent danger, the engineers created a system with fundamentally different aims, implementation methods, and design priorities than those of visually-based lighthouse technology. This sound-based analysis uncovers how sensory hierarchies shaped technological decisions, leading to a unique and distinct approach to coastal navigation.
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Carro, Inti, Leonardo Seijo, Gustavo J. Nagy, Ximena Lagos i Ofelia Gutiérrez. "Building capacity on ecosystem-based adaptation strategy to cope with extreme events and sea-level rise on the Uruguayan coast". International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 10, nr 4 (20.08.2018): 504–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-07-2017-0149.
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Purpose This study aims to show a case study of ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) measures to increase coastal system’s resilience to extreme weather events and sea-level rise (SLR) implemented at Kiyú (Uruguayan coast of the Rio de la Plata river estuary). Design/methodology/approach A participatory process involving the community and institutional stakeholders was carried out to select and prioritise adaptation measures to reduce the erosion of sandy beaches, dunes and bluffs due to extreme wind storm surge and rainfall, SLR and mismanagement practices. The recovery of coastal ecosystems was implemented through soft measures (green infrastructure) such as revegetation with native species, dune regeneration, sustainable drainage systems and the reduction of use pressures. Findings Main achievements of this case study include capacity building of municipal staff and stakeholders, knowledge exchanges with national-level decision makers and scientists and the incorporation of EbA approaches by subnational-level coastal governments. To consolidate EbA, the local government introduced innovations in the coastal management institutional structure. Originality/value The outcomes of the article include, besides the increase in the resilience of social-ecological systems, the strengthening of socio-institutional behaviour, structure and sustainability. This experience provides insights for developing a strategy for both Integrated Coastal Management and climate adaptation at the national scale.
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Scherbina, E., i T. C. Nguyen. "METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURIST TERRITORIES BASED ON THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT". Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 7, nr 6 (1.03.2022): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2022-7-6-83-93.
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The paper presents the increasing role of the tourism business in the state's economic development, including the countries and cities of the Asia-Pacific region. These regions have favorable natural conditions for developing coastal tourist resorts. In addition, the article also demonstrates the impact of the pandemic on tourism activities around the world. The factors of the tourism industry's negative impact on the natural complex have been identified. It is especially evident in the coastal zone, experiencing a significant anthropogenic load and must be considered when placing tourism-related objects in the city's planning structure. The basic principles (sufficiency of resources, limited resources, infrastructural integrity and maintenance of the natural system's ecological balance) are formulated, which serve as the foundation for developing a model of the coastal city territory's urban planning balance with a focus on the tourism industry. The proposed model is based on considering the features of the spatial development of coastal city regions, focused on the tourism business. Based on the formulated model, the potential's assessment for urban development of the coastal city Tuy Hoa (Vietnam) is carried out on the basis of the tourism industry. The natural complex's estimates, engineering and transport infrastructures, and the social sphere have been obtained, which allow to estimate the tourist flow of no more than 54,000 tourists, ensuring the sustainable development of the city
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Tobal-Cupul, Jessica Guadalupe, Erika Paola Garduño-Ruiz, Emiliano Gorr-Pozzi, Jorge Olmedo-González, Emily Diane Martínez, Andrés Rosales, Dulce Daniela Navarro-Moreno i in. "An Assessment of the Financial Feasibility of an OTEC Ecopark: A Case Study at Cozumel Island". Sustainability 14, nr 8 (13.04.2022): 4654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14084654.
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The aim of this article is to show how an OTEC Ecopark could provide comprehensive, sustainable, and quality products that satisfy the diverse needs of coastal communities in Mexico. An offshore 60 MW hybrid Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) plant is proposed, which will provide products that will not only fulfill the water, energy, and food needs of the coastal communities, but also energize the local blue economy. An assessment of the financial feasibility of the plant as well as a comparative analysis against other forms of energy generation was carried out. The methodology section includes a market description, literature review for the technical design, methods for mitigating socio-environmental risks, and an analysis of operational risks. To determine financial feasibility, the CAPEX, OPEX and annual revenue, including the sale of CELs and carbon credits, were evaluated. The Internal Rate of Return suggests that the system would pay for itself in year 5 of the system’s 30-year life. The methodology used for this case study, with site-specific adaptations, can be applied to other coastal communities across the globe.
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Norbisrath, Mona, Johannes Pätsch, Kirstin Dähnke, Tina Sanders, Gesa Schulz, Justus E. E. van Beusekom i Helmuth Thomas. "Metabolic alkalinity release from large port facilities (Hamburg, Germany) and impact on coastal carbon storage". Biogeosciences 19, nr 22 (14.11.2022): 5151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5151-2022.
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Abstract. Metabolic activities in estuaries, especially these of large rivers, profoundly affect the downstream coastal biogeochemistry. Here, we unravel the impacts of large industrial port facilities, showing that elevated metabolic activity in the Hamburg port (Germany) increases total alkalinity (TA) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) runoff to the North Sea. The imports of particulate inorganic carbon, particulate organic carbon, and particulate organic nitrogen (PIC, POC, and PON) from the upstream Elbe River can fuel up to 90 % of the TA generated in the entire estuary via calcium carbonate (CaCO3) dissolution. The remaining at least 10 % of TA generation can be attributed to anaerobic metabolic processes such as denitrification of remineralized PON or other pathways. The Elbe Estuary as a whole adds approximately 15 % to the overall DIC and TA runoff. Both the magnitude and partitioning among these processes appear to be sensitive to climatic and anthropogenic changes. Thus, with increased TA loads, the coastal ocean (in particular) would act as a stronger CO2 sink, resulting in changes to the overall coastal system's capacity to store CO2.
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Caboni, Marco, Henk M. Slot, Gerben Bergman, Dennis A. J. Wouters i Harald J. Van Der Mijle Meijer. "Evaluation of wind turbine blades’ rain-induced leading edge erosion using rainfall measurements at offshore, coastal and onshore locations in the Netherlands". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2767, nr 6 (1.06.2024): 062003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2767/6/062003.
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Abstract The impingement of rain drops on wind turbine blades determines leading edge erosion (LEE) which is a factor driving high maintenance costs. In order to better quantify rain-induced LEE, we carried out detailed rainfall measurements, by means of disdrometers, in conjunction with wind speed measurements. Measurements were performed at three different Dutch sites, encompassing an offshore, a coastal and an onshore location. Based on rainfall and wind speed measurements, and assuming a virtual 15 MW wind turbine, we estimated the blade’s LEE using a fatigue-based model. Developed by means of different published rotating arm erosion data, our fatigue model relates the measured rainfall characteristics to the LEE incubation period, here assumed as the leading edge protection (LEP) system’s end of life. Assuming a polyurethane LEP system, results indicate that the blades’ incubation period is around 3.9 years at the offshore location, 6.6 years at the coastal location and 8.3 years at the onshore location. These results are connected to the higher wind speeds during rainfalls, and higher occurrences of very intense rainy events which, according to the measurements, progressively occur at the onshore, coastal and offshore locations.
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Gomes, Marisa A., Catarina M. Alves, Fábio Faria, Regina Neto, Edgar Fernandes, Jesus S. Troncoso i Pedro T. Gomes. "Unleashing the Potential of the 360° Baited Remote Underwater Video System (BRUVS): An Innovative Design for Complex Habitats". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, nr 8 (8.08.2024): 1346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12081346.
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Coastal ecosystems are vital for numerous demersal and benthopelagic species, offering critical habitats throughout their life cycles. Effective monitoring of these species in complex coastal environments is essential, yet traditional survey methodologies are often impractical due to environmental constraints like strong currents and high wave regimes. This study introduces a new cost-effective Baited Remote Underwater Video System (BRUVS) design featuring a vertical structure and 360° cameras developed to overcome limitations of traditional BRUVS, such as system anchoring, overturning, and restricted frame view. The new design was compared against a previous one used on the northwest Iberian coast. Key performance metrics included species detection, habitat identification, and operational efficiency under complex hydrodynamic conditions. Findings reveal that the two designs can effectively identify the common species typically observed in the study area. However, the new design outperformed the previous by significantly reducing equipment losses and anchoring issues. This enhancement in field operations’ simplicity, operability, portability, and resiliency underscores the new system’s potential as a cost-effective and efficient tool for demersal and benthopelagic ecological surveys in challenging coastal seascapes. This innovative BRUVS design offers advanced monitoring solutions, improving habitat assessment accuracy and responsiveness.
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Haider, Rashid, Sajid Ali, Gösta Hoffmann i Klaus Reicherter. "Tsunami inundation and vulnerability analysis on the Makran coast, Pakistan". Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 24, nr 9 (26.09.2024): 3279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3279-2024.
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Abstract. The coastal cities of Gwadar and Pasni, situated along the Arabian Sea in the northwestern region of the Indian Ocean, are subjected to thorough investigation for inundation and vulnerability analysis. The estimation of maximum tsunami wave potential in the Arabian Sea involves evaluating paleomorphodynamic records of tsunamites found along its coastlines, with a focus on the most severe case for modeling to determine the maximum wave potential. Subsequently, based on this assessment, three distinct wave scenarios (7, 10, and 15 m) are projected onto Pasni and Gwadar and their surrounding coastal areas. The results reveal the high vulnerability of both cities to wave heights ≥7 m and wavelengths ≥15 km, with the 15 m scenario posing a near-complete disaster for both cities and adjoining towns. Furthermore, simulation results demonstrate that the coastal orientation and morphology contribute to the devastating impact of reflection, integration, and amplification phenomena in the region, with their intensity escalating with larger approaching waveforms. The reflection-amplification phenomenon notably and variably impacts inundation extents and depths. The installed tsunami early warning system's effectiveness is also evaluated based on the modeling and simulated results and the recent practices of early warning alerts issued.
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Mills, Lara, João Janeiro i Flávio Martins. "Baseline Climatology of the Canary Current Upwelling System and Evolution of Sea Surface Temperature". Remote Sensing 16, nr 3 (28.01.2024): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16030504.
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Global climate change has induced a rise in sea surface temperature (SST), although this increase is not uniform across the world. Significant variations exist between coastal and offshore waters, particularly in regions affected by upwelling processes. This study focuses on the Canary Current Upwelling System (CCUS), stretching from Northwest Iberia to Northwest Africa. High-resolution remotely sensed SST data (0.05°) from the ODYSSEA Level 4 Sea Surface Temperature Reprocessed dataset were validated with in situ measurements and employed to establish a regional climatological baseline for 1982–2012. Subsequent years were compared to this baseline to construct SST anomaly maps, revealing SST changes since 2012. The study area was further divided into sub-regions for comparative analysis. Results indicate that SST consistently increased at a higher rate offshore compared to the adjacent nearshore regions. A reference dataset spanning 1951–1981 was used to gauge SST variability between the two baselines. SST exhibited a 0.59 °C increase from 1951–1981 to 1982–2012, with a slowing of SST trends beyond the 1982–2012 baseline. This research offers valuable insights into the climatological dynamics of the CCUS. These findings enhance our understanding of this critical coastal system’s climatology, laying the groundwork for future investigations into evolving climate patterns in coastal regions.
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Gregory, Christopher L., Alan A. Allen i Dean H. Dale. "Assessment of Potential Oil Spill Recovery Capabilities". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1999, nr 1 (1.03.1999): 527–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1999-1-527.
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ABSTRACT Clean Coastal Waters, Inc. (CCW) is an oil industry funded Oil Spill Removal Organization (OSRO) whose capabilities have been classified by both the U.S. Coast Guard and the State of California. The current method of rating response equipment does not provide for insightful management of the organization's mechanical recovery equipment. CCW has therefore utilized the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Mechanical Equipment Calculator™ (MEC) to provide an alternative assessment of CCW's oil spill recovery capability. The MEC provides a more realistic view of spill recovery capability and it allows for manipulation of recovery system components to maximize their effectiveness. A major objective of this assessment was to examine each system's performance using realistic oil slick conditions. Three representative oil slick conditions, ranging from light to heavy concentrations, were selected as input for the computerized simulation and evaluation of each recovery system's potential performance. The relative contribution of each system was examined under real-world conditions including actual times for notification, mobilization, transit, recovery and offloading of recovered oil and water. A secondary objective of the assessment was to investigate methods by which each system's recovery rate could be enhanced while operating in open water with widespread slick conditions representing as little as a barrel of oil per acre (i.e., with average oil thicknesses of a few hundredths of a millimeter). This investigation indicated the need for several changes to the CCW equipment inventory in order to maximize system performance. Clean Coastal Waters is currently experimenting with real-world application of these enhancements and has already incorporated several important modifications into its recovery systems. Such modifications include: the matching of onboard pumps with expected oil encounter rates; the adjustment of system swaths to better utilize potential recovery capabilities; and, the inclusion of multiple, secondary storage units at key locations for improved overall performance. The third objective of the assessment was to evaluate the utility and effectiveness of the MEC. The MEC was determined to be an effective tool for characterization, evaluation and management of response capabilities. CCW will continue to use the MEC to assist its member companies in managing recovery systems during training, exercises, and actual spill response activities.
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Stefanidou, Natassa, Matina Katsiapi, Dimitris Tsianis, Maria Demertzioglou, Evangelia Michaloudi i Maria Moustaka-Gouni. "Patterns in Alpha and Beta Phytoplankton Diversity along a Conductivity Gradient in Coastal Mediterranean Lagoons". Diversity 12, nr 1 (19.01.2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12010038.
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Understanding the diversity patterns of phytoplankton assemblages in coastal lagoons is clearly important for water management. In this study, we explored alpha and beta diversity patterns in phytoplankton communities across five Mediterranean lagoons hydrologically connected to Vistonikos Gulf. We examined the phytoplankton community composition and biomass on a monthly basis from November 2018 to October 2019. For this, water samples were collected from seven inshore, brackish and coastal waters, sampling sites covering a wide range of conductivity. We found significant spatial and temporal differences in phytoplankton alpha diversity and in phytoplankton biomass metrics explained by the high variation of conductivity. Evenness remained low throughout the study period, reflecting significant dominance of several phytoplankton blooms. Harmful algal blooms of Prorocentrum minimum, Alexandrium sp., Rhizosolenia setigera and Cylindrotheca closterium occurred. The system’s species pool was characterized by relatively high phytoplankton beta diversity (average ~0.7) resulting from high temporal species turnover (90%). Overall, alpha and beta diversity components were indicative of rather heterogeneous phytoplankton communities which were associated with the high differences in conductivity among the sampling sites.
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Kostianaia, E. A., A. G. Kostianoy i P. O. Zavialov. "ON THE RESULTS OF A SURVEY OF RUSSIAN SPECIALISTS ON THE CREATION OF AN ONLINE PLATFORM “SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS” DOORS WITH INFORMATION ABOUT THE BLACK SEA ENVIRONMENT". Journal of Oceanological Research 50, nr 4 (29.12.2022): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.29006/1564-2291.jor-2022.50(4).6.
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The article presents the results of a survey of Russian oceanographers regarding the need for data on the physical, biogeochemical and biological state of the Black and Azov Seas in order to form requirements for the creation of an online platform System of Systems (SoS) based on modern tools, observations, modeling and data integration, performed according to the stakeholder survey methodology and an electronic questionnaire developed within the framework of the international project “DOORS” and Agreement N 075-15-2021-941 (13.2251.21.0008) with the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation “Comprehensive studies of the ecological state of the waters of the coastal zone of the northeastern shelf of the Black Sea in the framework of participation in the international project DOORS”. One of the main goals of the DOORS project is to create and test a user-driven online System of Systems (SoS) platform that will collect, integrate, provide its data and observations, and offer specialized services and products to the Black Sea basin stakeholder communities.
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Horwitz, Rachel M., Alex E. Hay, William J. Burt, Richard A. Cheel, Joseph Salisbury i Helmuth Thomas. "High-frequency variability of CO<sub>2</sub> in Grand Passage, Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia". Biogeosciences 16, nr 2 (1.02.2019): 605–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-605-2019.
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Abstract. Assessing changes in the marine carbon cycle arising from anthropogenic CO2 emissions requires a detailed understanding of the carbonate system's natural variability. Coastal ecosystems vary over short spatial and temporal scales, so their dynamics are not well described by long-term and broad regional averages. A year-long time series of pCO2, temperature, salinity, and currents is used to quantify the high-frequency variability of the carbonate system at the mouth of the Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia. The seasonal cycle of pCO2 is modulated by a diel cycle that is larger in summer than in winter and a tidal contribution that is primarily M2, with amplitude roughly half that of the diel cycle throughout the year. The interaction between tidal currents and carbonate system variables leads to lateral transport by tidal pumping, which moves alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) out of the bay, opposite to the mean flow in the region, and constitutes a new feature of how this strongly tidal region connects to the larger Gulf of Maine and northwest Atlantic carbon system. These results suggest that tidal pumping could substantially modulate the coastal ocean's response to global ocean acidification in any region with large tides and spatial variation in biological activity, requiring that high-frequency variability be accounted for in assessments of carbon budgets of coastal regions.
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Jeuken, Ad, Marjolijn Haasnoot, Tim Reeder i Philip Ward. "Lessons learnt from adaptation planning in four deltas and coastal cities". Journal of Water and Climate Change 6, nr 4 (4.12.2014): 711–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2014.141.
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Deltas and coastal cities around the world face the need to adapt to uncertain future changes. We compared adaptation planning on flood risk management in four cases based on three main elements of adaptive planning: to prepare for a wide range of plausible future scenarios; to respond to change with robust and flexible actions; and to monitor critical changes to be able to reassess the plan accordingly. Differences can be observed in the implementation of these elements. Good practices could be distinguished: cases consider a wide range of future scenarios; short-term decisions are coupled with long-term options while envisioning these options and possibilities for switching between them through adaptation pathways; opportunities originating from other agendas to achieve multiple objective investments are seized; and the system's resilience is improved by a wide variety of measures. At the same time some barriers for using adaptive planning approaches were identified: the use of a wide range of scenarios is only accepted in an exploratory phase of planning. Structural flood protection measures taken in the past do constrain future choices. The potential for monitoring and reassessment of options is hampered by the fact that trends in some variables cannot be detected.
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Coleman, Daniel J., Alexander S. Kolker i Karen H. Johannesson. "Submarine groundwater discharge and alkaline earth element dynamics in a deltaic coastal setting". Hydrology Research 48, nr 5 (13.09.2016): 1169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2016.285.
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Submarine groundwater discharge is a process that is often considered negligible in deltaic systems given their low gradient and fine-grained sediment. However, hydrologic budgets and radon surveys indicate that it may be a significant component of the Mississippi River Delta system. To more concretely indicate groundwater's contribution to the local environment, we conducted an analysis of estuarine water chemistry. We focused on the mid-weight alkaline earth metals, which differ significantly in the system's three end-members: river, ocean, and groundwater. We found an anomaly of barium in the estuaries, which could not be completely explained by desorption. Through the construction of a three-end-member mixing model, groundwater was estimated to comprise 14–28% of Terrebonne and Barataria Bay estuarine water, which corresponds to a combined discharge of 160–480 m3/s. This groundwater discharge helps explain the hydrologic budget of the system, and could influence the chemistry of these large deltaic estuaries.
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Gesteira, Luis Gabriel, i Javier Uche. "A Novel Polygeneration System Based on a Solar-Assisted Desiccant Cooling System for Residential Buildings: An Energy and Environmental Analysis". Sustainability 14, nr 6 (15.03.2022): 3449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063449.
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This work aims to design and dynamically simulate a polygeneration system that integrates a solar-assisted desiccant cooling system for residential applications as an alternative to vapor compression systems. The overall plant layout supplies electricity, space heating and cooling, domestic hot water, and freshwater for a single-family townhouse located in the city of Almería in Spain. The leading technologies used in the system are photovoltaic/thermal collectors, reverse osmosis, and desiccant air conditioning. The system model was developed and accurately simulated in the TRNSYS environment for a 1-year simulation with a 5-min time step. Design optimization was carried out to investigate the system’s best configuration. The optimal structure showed a satisfactory total annual energy efficiency in solar collectors of about 0.35 and about 0.47 for desiccant air conditioning. Coverage of electricity, space heating and cooling, domestic hot water, and freshwater was 104.1%, 87.01%, 97.98%, 96.05 %, and 100 %, respectively. Furthermore, significant ratios for primary energy saving, 98.62%, and CO2 saving, 97.17%, were achieved. The users’ thermal comfort level was satisfactory over the entire year. Finally, a comparison with an alternative coastal site was performed to extend the polygeneration system’s applicability.
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Lara, Luis, i Obidio Rubio. "SIMULACIÓN DEL COMPORTAMIENTO DEL NIVEL FREÁTICO EN UN SISTEMA DE ACUÍFERO COSTERO POR ELEMENTOS FINITOS". Selecciones Matemáticas 3, nr 1 (30.06.2016): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/sel.mat.2016.01.08.
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Raygosa-Barahona, Rubén, Miguel Ángel Garcia-Terán, Cecilia Enriquez i Ernesto Olguín-Díaz. "Experimental Evaluation of an Autonomous Surface Craft for Shallow-Water Bathymetry". Marine Technology Society Journal 51, nr 4 (1.07.2017): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.51.4.7.
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AbstractVast coastal water bodies such as mangroves and wetlands, despite their enormous importance, are inaccessible to even the smallest aquatic vehicles, which are not capable of navigating the extremely shallow environments. To understand their behavior and the transport and exchange processes with both sea and land, it is crucial to study local hydrodynamics, which are highly dependent on bathymetric configuration. In order to obtain accurate and high spatial resolution bathymetric samples, an existing small surface vehicle instrumented with GPS and echosounder was implemented with an autopilot system to achieve autonomy. A description of the autonomous system together with the evaluation of the whole vehicle's performance in a natural coastal environment (e.g., affected by the wind, waves, and currents that exist in coastal regions) is presented. The navigation system is based on an autopilot system, which follows a set of user-selected waypoints to drive the vehicle through a previously designed path. The trajectory is self-corrected to achieve sufficient accuracy (the limits are also defined by the user) using real-time kinematics. The tracking is performed by two independent proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control systems: the boat's displacement speed and the bearing control. A simple experimental procedure to tune the low-level PID control parameters is presented. Comparisons between the bathymetric maps obtained with the system and with other standard bathymetric surveys from a selected coastal site (ship-towed echosounder) are presented to test both the precision of the boat's navigation and the fine structure of the bottom topography. The results confirm the system's capability as a valuable tool for surveying large and very shallow environments.
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Bio, Ana, José Alberto Gonçalves, Isabel Iglesias, Helena Granja, José Pinho i Luísa Bastos. "Linking Short- to Medium-Term Beach Dune Dynamics to Local Features under Wave and Wind Actions: A Northern Portuguese Case Study". Applied Sciences 12, nr 9 (26.04.2022): 4365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12094365.
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Many coasts suffer from prevailing erosion, with them being particularly vulnerable to predicted climate change impacts, threatening coastal ecosystems, their services, infrastructures and populations. Understanding coastal morpho-sedimentary dynamics is thus essential for coastal management. However, coastal vulnerability may differ locally, depending on exposure/protection and local geological and morpho-hydrodynamical features, suggesting that a local approach to erosion risk assessment is needed to identify and understand local patterns. Digital elevation models of a 14 km long coastal stretch in northern Portugal that were extracted from aerial surveys obtained between November 2008 and February 2019 were analysed to quantify changes in shoreline position and sediment budgets, both for the whole study area and for distinct beach segments. The observed dynamics were subsequently analysed by considering prevailing wave and wind intensities and directions. Overall and during the decade analysed, the beach–dune system of the studied stretch slightly increased in volume (0.6%), although the shoreline retreated (by 1.6 m on average). Temporal variability in coastal dynamics was observed at all of the temporal scales considered—from seasons to 5-year periods—with them being related to variability in ocean and wind patterns. There was a trend from accretional to erosional conditions, with the first 5-year period showing a mean increase in the beach–dune system’s volume of 0.6% and a mean shoreline progradation of 1.5 m, followed by 5-years with 0.0% volume change and 3.1 m shoreline retreat. Locally, the dynamics were very variable, with shoreline dynamics ranging from 24.0 m regression to 51.5 m progradation, and sediment budgets from 213.8 m3 loss to 417.0 m3 gain, per segment and for the decade. Stretches with relatively stable morphologies and others with erosional or accretional trends were found, depending on the beach type, shoreline orientation and the presence of defence structures. Rocky beaches were the least dynamic and sandy beaches the most dynamic, with mean shoreline position changes of 0.0 m and −3.4 m, respectively, and mean sediment budgets of −1.1 m3 and −2.9 m3 per linear meter of coastline, respectively, for the studied decade. The observed dynamics showed how local conditions interacted with meteo-ocean conditions in shaping local morpho-sedimentary dynamics, stressing the importance of a local approach to coastal erosion monitoring and risk assessment.
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Bio, Ana, José Alberto Gonçalves, Isabel Iglesias, Helena Granja, José Pinho i Luísa Bastos. "Linking Short- to Medium-Term Beach Dune Dynamics to Local Features under Wave and Wind Actions: A Northern Portuguese Case Study". Applied Sciences 12, nr 9 (26.04.2022): 4365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12094365.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Many coasts suffer from prevailing erosion, with them being particularly vulnerable to predicted climate change impacts, threatening coastal ecosystems, their services, infrastructures and populations. Understanding coastal morpho-sedimentary dynamics is thus essential for coastal management. However, coastal vulnerability may differ locally, depending on exposure/protection and local geological and morpho-hydrodynamical features, suggesting that a local approach to erosion risk assessment is needed to identify and understand local patterns. Digital elevation models of a 14 km long coastal stretch in northern Portugal that were extracted from aerial surveys obtained between November 2008 and February 2019 were analysed to quantify changes in shoreline position and sediment budgets, both for the whole study area and for distinct beach segments. The observed dynamics were subsequently analysed by considering prevailing wave and wind intensities and directions. Overall and during the decade analysed, the beach–dune system of the studied stretch slightly increased in volume (0.6%), although the shoreline retreated (by 1.6 m on average). Temporal variability in coastal dynamics was observed at all of the temporal scales considered—from seasons to 5-year periods—with them being related to variability in ocean and wind patterns. There was a trend from accretional to erosional conditions, with the first 5-year period showing a mean increase in the beach–dune system’s volume of 0.6% and a mean shoreline progradation of 1.5 m, followed by 5-years with 0.0% volume change and 3.1 m shoreline retreat. Locally, the dynamics were very variable, with shoreline dynamics ranging from 24.0 m regression to 51.5 m progradation, and sediment budgets from 213.8 m3 loss to 417.0 m3 gain, per segment and for the decade. Stretches with relatively stable morphologies and others with erosional or accretional trends were found, depending on the beach type, shoreline orientation and the presence of defence structures. Rocky beaches were the least dynamic and sandy beaches the most dynamic, with mean shoreline position changes of 0.0 m and −3.4 m, respectively, and mean sediment budgets of −1.1 m3 and −2.9 m3 per linear meter of coastline, respectively, for the studied decade. The observed dynamics showed how local conditions interacted with meteo-ocean conditions in shaping local morpho-sedimentary dynamics, stressing the importance of a local approach to coastal erosion monitoring and risk assessment.
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Di Iorio, A., D. Biliouris, R. Guzinski, L. B. Hansen i M. Bagni. "Innovation Technologies and Applications for Coastal Archaeological sites". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-7/W3 (30.04.2015): 1367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-7-w3-1367-2015.
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Innovation Technologies and Applications for Coastal Archaeological sites project (ITACA) aims to develop and test a management system for underwater archaeological sites in coastal regions. The discovering and monitoring service will use innovative satellite remote sensing techniques combined with image processing algorithms. The project will develop a set of applications integrated in a system pursuing the following objectives: <br><br> – Search and location of ancient ship wrecks; <br><br> – Monitoring of ship wrecks, ruins and historical artefacts that are now submerged; <br><br> – Integration of resulting search and monitoring data with on-site data into a management tool for underwater sites; <br><br> – Demonstration of the system’s suitability for a service. <br><br> High resolution synthetic aperture radar (TerraSAR-X, Cosmo-SkyMed) and multispectral satellite data (WorldView) will be combined to derive the relative bathymetry of the bottom of the sea up to the depth of 50 meters. The resulting data fusion will be processed using shape detection algorithms specific for archaeological items. The new algorithms, the physical modelling and the computational capabilities will be integrated into the Web-GIS, together with data recorded from surface (2D and 3D modelling) and from underwater surveys. Additional specific archaeological layers will be included into the WebGIS to facilitate the object identification through shape detection techniques and mapping. The system will be verified and validated through an extensive onground (sea) campaign carried out with both cutting edge technologies (side-scan sonar, multi beam echo sounder) and traditional means (professional scuba divers) in two test sites in Italy and Greece. <br><br> The project is leaded by Planetek Hellas E.P.E. and include ALMA Sistemi sas for the “shape detection” and dissemination tasks, DHI-GRAS and Kell Srl for multispectral and SAR bathymetry. The complete consortium is composed by eleven partners and the project Kick-Off has been held in January 2014. The present contribution aims to present the project research achievements and finding at the mid-term review.
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Nguyen, Trong Gia, Quy Ngoc Bui, Quang Ngoc Pham, Cuong Van Nguyen, Phuong Thanh Nguyen i Tung Son Vu. "Developing an application within the coastal flood risk warning system: Pilot study in Quang Nam province". Journal of Mining and Earth Sciences 65, nr 5 (1.08.2024): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.46326/jmes.2024.65(5).05.
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Flooding is one of the common natural hazards in coastal areas of Vietnam, attributed to the influence of climate change. Establishing a robust infrastructure and tools to support flood warning systems is crucial and necessary to enhance the effectiveness of early warnings. An integrated warning mechanism comprises physical components (such as sensors and computers), software applications for data processing and analysis, databases, and stakeholders including governmental agencies and local communities. Among these, community participation is a crucial aspect, aiding in the collection and dissemination of vital information for warning systems during natural disasters. Despite numerous studies focusing on developing support and warning systems for natural disasters in Vietnam, community involvement has not been sufficiently emphasized in the outcomes of these studies. This article presents the results of developing computer programs and mobile applications for flood warning services in coastal areas. Specifically, a flood risk warning map is generated using a 1D-CNN deep learning model experimented in Quang Nam province. The experimental mobile application allows community participation by enabling them to provide real-time information on the flood situation, facilitating the system's analysis, processing, updating, and integration of data into the established database to issue flood risk warnings for the research area.
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Tejedor-Martinez, Luis, Jose C. Santas-Lopez i Begoña Tejedor-Alvarez. "SYSTEMS MODEL OF COASTAL CIRCULATION". Cybernetics and Systems 21, nr 2-3 (marzec 1990): 319–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01969729008902244.
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Kabir, Md Humayain, i Delwar Hossain. "ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF SHRIMP FARMING IN CHAKARIA UPAZILA OF COX’S BAZAR IN BANGLADESH". Environment & Ecosystem Science 5, nr 2 (21.10.2021): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/ees.02.2021.143.151.
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Aquaculture has become one of the fastest-growing economic sub-sectors of the Bangladesh economy, providing protein-rich food, the source of employment and foreign currency earnings. Therefore, shrimp farming is very much common in the brackish water which affects the coastal natural ecosystem and livelihood of the coastal communities, prticularly in Chakaria Upazila of Cox’s Bazar district. Due to rapid and unplanned growth of this farming, socio-ecological systesms has been changing. This study aims to assess shrimp farming’s environmental, social, and economic impacts in Chakaria upazila in Bangladesh. Soil sample was collected to determine the environmental impacts of shrimp farming. Besides, we selected the shrimp farmers, rice producers, and alternative shrimp-rice producers through simple random sampling. Purposive sampling was conducted to choose the other stakeholders. A semi-structured questionnaire was developed for interviewing different stakeholders. We found that, because of the high economic benefit, high production rate in short time, and availability of brackish water, the people in this Upazila are attracted to continue the shrimp farming. As a result, mangrove forest and agricultural land converted into shrimp farming. Our soil analysis showed that organic matter content in was low (0.25-3.56%). In addition to this, most people suffer from water-borne diseases during the flooding period. We also found clear evidene of shortage of safe drinking water due to salinity intrusion in grounwater. The tendency of raring livestock such as cow, goat, and buffalo decreased due to insufficient grazing land. The study also revealed that some internal conflicts exist between different stakeholders in Chakararia Upazila. Most local shrimp fry collectors collect fry from the tidal river and use an unscientific traditional method which was harmful for the other aquatic fish population. Poor quality of larvae supply from hatchery caused various diseases in cultivated ghers and ponds. The findings from this study provide useful information for sustainable coastal zone management in Bangladesh to build a more resilient coastal communities.
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Guan, Shanyue, Hannah Sirianni, George Wang i Zhen Zhu. "sUAS Monitoring of Coastal Environments: A Review of Best Practices from Field to Lab". Drones 6, nr 6 (8.06.2022): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones6060142.
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Coastal environments are some of the most dynamic environments in the world. As they are constantly changing, so are the technologies and techniques we use to map and monitor them. The rapid advancement of sUAS-based remote sensing calls for rigorous field and processing workflows so that more reliable and consistent sUAS projects of coastal environments are carried out. Here, we synthesize the best practices to create sUAS photo-based surveying and processing workflows that can be used and modified by coastal scientists, depending on their project objective. While we aim to simplify the complexity of these workflows, we note that the nature of this work is a craft that carefully combines art, science, and technology. sUAS LiDAR is the next advancement in mapping and monitoring coastal environments. Therefore, future work should consider synthesizing best practices to develop rigorous field and data processing workflows used for sUAS LiDAR-based projects of coastal environments.
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Van Alphen, Robert, Kai C. Rains, Mel Rodgers, Rocco Malservisi i Timothy H. Dixon. "UAV-Based Wetland Monitoring: Multispectral and Lidar Fusion with Random Forest Classification". Drones 8, nr 3 (21.03.2024): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones8030113.
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As sea levels rise and temperatures increase, vegetation communities in tropical and sub-tropical coastal areas will be stressed; some will migrate northward and inland. The transition from coastal marshes and scrub–shrubs to woody mangroves is a fundamental change to coastal community structure and species composition. However, this transition will likely be episodic, complicating monitoring efforts, as mangrove advances are countered by dieback from increasingly impactful storms. Coastal habitat monitoring has traditionally been conducted through satellite and ground-based surveys. Here we investigate the use of UAV-LiDAR (unoccupied aerial vehicle–light detection and ranging) and multispectral photogrammetry to study a Florida coastal wetland. These data have higher resolution than satellite-derived data and are cheaper and faster to collect compared to crewed aircraft or ground surveys. We detected significant canopy change in the period between our survey (2020–2022) and a previous survey (2015), including loss at the scale of individual buttonwood trees (Conocarpus erectus), a woody mangrove associate. The UAV-derived data were collected to investigate the utility of simplified processing and data inputs for habitat classification and were validated with standard metrics and additional ground truth. UAV surveys combined with machine learning can streamline coastal habitat monitoring, facilitating repeat surveys to assess the effects of climate change and other change agents.
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Serafino, Francesco, Jochen Horstmann, José Carlos Nieto Borge, Claudio Lugni i Maurizio Brocchini. "Sensors for Coastal Monitoring". Journal of Sensors 2016 (2016): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1720563.
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Zhang, Xiaoyan, Yangyang Deng i Chunya Li. "Evaluation of Coordinated Level between Coastal Ports and Urban Economics Based on DEA and Coordination Degree Model: Case of Jiangsu Province". Security and Communication Networks 2022 (18.08.2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3406760.
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The coordinated development of coastal ports and urban economy has great significance to realize the high-quality development of marine economy. Under the requirements of high-quality development, this article theoretically analyzes the interactive relationship between port economics and urban economics, then based on the data envelopment analysis (DEA), static coordination degree model, and dynamic coordination degree model, constructs the vertical evaluation index system and evaluation model to evaluate the coordinated development level of port economics and urban economics, and evaluates the actual situation of the three coastal cities of Jiangsu province as an example. The results show that the average effectiveness ranking of the coastal ports to urban economics is the same as that of urban economics to coastal ports, but the degree of impact varies from region to region, and the degree of coordination follows a phenomenon of Lianyungang >Nantong >Yancheng. Finally, the article gives strategic suggestions to promote the high-quality development of the three coastal cities in Jiangsu Province.
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Jeganathan, Anushiya, Ramachandran Andimuthu i Palanivelu Kandasamy. "Challenges in Chennai City to Cope with Changing Climate". European Journal of Climate Change 3, nr 1 (10.01.2021): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.34154/2021-ejcc-0017/euraass.
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Cities are dynamic systems resulting from the complex interaction of various socio-ecological and environmental developments. Climate change disproportionately affects cities mostly located in climate-sensitive areas; thus, these urban systems are the most critical in modern societies under changing climate scenarios, uncertain disruptions, and urban inhabitants' daily lives. It is essential to analyze the challenges in the metropolitan area through the lens of climate change. The present work analyses the challenges in Chennai, a coastal city in India and one of the chief industrial growth canters in Indian and South Asian region. The challenges are analyzed through the city’s system analysis via land use, green cover, population, and coastal hazards. Land use and green cover changes are studied through satellite images using ArcGIS and assessing coastal risks due to sea-level rise through GIS-based inundation model. There are drastic changes in land-use patterns; the green cover had reduced much, including agricultural and forest cover due to rapid urbanization. The land use has changed to 59.6% of the reduction in agriculture land, nearly 40% reduction in forest land, and 47% of the wetland over time. The observed mean sea level trend for Chennai is + 0.55 mm/year from 1916 to 2015 and the area of 21.75 sq. km is under the threat of inundation to 0.5m sea-level rise. The population growth, drastic changes in land use pattern, green cover reduction, and inundation due to sea-level rise increase the city's risks to climate change. There is a need to ensure that future land-use developments do not worsen the current climate risk level, either through influencing the hazards themselves or affecting the urban system's future vulnerability and adaptive capacity. The study also urges the zone level adaptation strategies to ensure the resilience of the city.
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Lu, Peirong, Zhanyu Zhang, Zhuping Sheng, Mingyi Huang i Zemin Zhang. "Assess Effectiveness of Salt Removal by a Subsurface Drainage with Bundled Crop Straws in Coastal Saline Soil Using HYDRUS-3D". Water 11, nr 5 (5.05.2019): 943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11050943.
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The low permeability of soil and high investment of salt management pose great challenges for implementation of land reclamation in coastal areas. In this study, a temporary soil leaching system was tested in which bundled maize straw (straw drainage module, SDM) was operated as a subsurface drainage tube and diluted seawater was used for leaching. A preliminary field experiment was conducted in coastal soil-filled lysimeters to examine the system’s feasibility and a numerical model (HYDRUS-3D) based on field measured data was designed to simulate the entire leaching process. The simulation results showed that the soil water velocity and the non-uniformity of salt distribution were apparently enhanced in the region approaching the drain outlet. The mass balance information indicated that the amount of water drained with SDM accounts for 37.9–66.0% of the total amount of leaching water, and the mass of salt removal was about 1.7 times that of the salt input from the diluted seawater. Additional simulations were conducted to explore the impacts of the design parameters, including leaching amount, the salinity of leaching water, and the number of leaching events on the desalination performance of the leaching system. Such simulations showed that the salt removal efficiency and soil desalination rate both were negatively related to the seawater mixture rate but were positively associated with the amount of leaching water. Increasing the leaching times, the salt removal efficiency was gradually decreased in all treatments, but the soil desalination rate was decreased only in the treatments leached with less diluted seawater. Our results confirmed the feasibility of the SDM leaching system in soil desalination and lay a good foundation for this system application in initial reclamation of saline coastal land.
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Qin, Xionghe, Caizhi Sun i Wei Zou. "Quantitative models for assessing the human-ocean system's sustainable development in coastal cities: The perspective of metabolic-recycling in the Bohai Sea Ring Area, China". Ocean & Coastal Management 107 (kwiecień 2015): 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.02.003.
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Aziz, Rizki, i Syarah Nurunnissa. "Comparative Life Cycle Assessment for Improvement of Solid Waste Management System of Pariaman Coastal Tourism Area". Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability 6, nr 2 (14.06.2022): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26554/ijems.2022.6.2.42-52.
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Sustainable tourism should provide environmentally friendly solid waste management. This study aims to assess the environmental impact of the waste management system applied to the Pariaman Coastal Tourism Area using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method and provide recommendations for improving an environmentally friendly waste management system. The aspects studied are limited to waste handling, waste, energy required and generated in the system’s operation. The study compared two scenarios of solid waste management; the existing (scenario 1) and the proposed one (scenario 2). The study was conducted on solid waste management of 170.51 kg/day. The impact assessment method used is CML-IA. The results of impact characterization showed that the impact of scenario 1 is higher than scenario 2 on Global Warming Potential (GWP) 7.5 times and Eutrophication Potential (EP) 90.6 times, while on Acidification Potential (AP) was lower 1.6 times. Activities at landfill sites contribute the most significant impact of GWP, AP, and EP. It is recommended to choose shorter collection and transportation routes, substitute the solid waste vehicles fuel, change the power plant source for composting machine, and apply the sanitary landfill with leachate treatment and gas processing.
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Xing, Jin, Baoguo Yu, Dongkai Yang, Jie Li, Zhejia Shi, Guodong Zhang i Feng Wang. "A Real-Time GNSS-R System for Monitoring Sea Surface Wind Speed and Significant Wave Height". Sensors 22, nr 10 (17.05.2022): 3795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22103795.
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This paper presents a monitoring system based on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) reflected signals to provide real-time observations of sea conditions. Instead of a computer, the system uses a custom-built hardware platform that incorporates Radio Frequency (RF), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), Digital Signal Processing (DSP), and Raspberry Pi for real-time signal processing. The suggested structure completes the navigation signal’s positioning as well as the reflected signal’s feature extraction. Field tests are conducted to confirm the effectiveness of the system and the retrieval algorithm described in this research. The entire system collects and analyzes signals at a coastal site in the field experiment, producing sea surface wind speed and significant wave height (SWH) that are compared to local weather station data, demonstrating the system’s practicality. The system can allow the centralized monitoring of many sites, as well as field experiments and real-time early warning at sea.
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Rong-Shan, Qiu, Ding Ding i Han Li-Min. "Economic Growth Prediction Algorithm of Coastal Area Based on Impulse Response Function". Security and Communication Networks 2021 (10.11.2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3864188.
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In order to solve the problems of low accuracy and long prediction time of traditional economic growth prediction algorithms in coastal areas, an algorithm based on impulse response function was designed to analyze economic growth prediction in coastal areas. Crawler technology is used to capture the economic data of coastal areas and normalize the captured data. Based on the processed data, the impulse response function is used to analyze the relationship between different economic variables, so as to build the PSO-LSTM model, which is used to predict the economic growth trend of coastal areas. The experimental results show that, compared with the experimental comparison algorithm, the prediction accuracy of the algorithm designed in this paper is always above 97%, and the prediction time is always below 1 s, which has certain practical significance.
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Dickson, Liam C. D., Stuart R. B. Negus, Christophe Eizaguirre, Kostas A. Katselidis i Gail Schofield. "Aerial Drone Surveys Reveal the Efficacy of a Protected Area Network for Marine Megafauna and the Value of Sea Turtles as Umbrella Species". Drones 6, nr 10 (7.10.2022): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones6100291.
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Quantifying the capacity of protected area networks to shield multiple marine megafauna with diverse life histories is complicated, as many species are wide-ranging, requiring varied monitoring approaches. Yet, such information is needed to identify and assess the potential use of umbrella species and to plan how best to enhance conservation strategies. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness of part of the European Natura 2000 protected area network (western Greece) for marine megafauna and whether loggerhead sea turtles are viable umbrella species in this coastal region. We systematically surveyed inside and outside coastal marine protected areas (MPAs) at a regional scale using aerial drones (18,505 animal records) and combined them with distribution data from published datasets (tracking, sightings, strandings) of sea turtles, elasmobranchs, cetaceans and pinnipeds. MPAs covered 56% of the surveyed coastline (~1500 km). There was just a 22% overlap in the distributions of the four groups from aerial drone and other datasets, demonstrating the value of combining different approaches to improve records of coastal area use for effective management. All four taxonomic groups were more likely to be detected inside coastal MPAs than outside, confirming sufficient habitat diversity despite varied life history traits. Coastal habitats frequented by loggerhead turtles during breeding/non-breeding periods combined overlapped with 76% of areas used by the other three groups, supporting their potential use as an umbrella species. In conclusion, this study showed that aerial drones can be readily combined with other monitoring approaches in coastal areas to enhance the management of marine megafauna in protected area networks and to identify the efficacy of umbrella species.
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Del Angel, Diana, David Yoskowitz, Matthew Bilskie i Scott Hagen. "A Socioeconomic Dataset of the Risk Associated with the 1% and 0.2% Return Period Stillwater Flood Elevation under Sea-Level Rise for the Northern Gulf of Mexico". Data 7, nr 6 (26.05.2022): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data7060071.
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Storm surge flooding can cause significant damage to coastal communities. In addition, coastal communities face an increased risk of coastal hazards due to sea-level rise (SLR). This research developed a dataset to communicate the socioeconomic consequences of flooding within the 1% and 0.2% Annual Exceedance Probability Floodplain (AEP) under four SLR scenarios for the Northern Gulf of Mexico region. Assessment methods primarily used HAZUS-MH software, a GIS-based modeling tool developed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency in the United States, to estimate natural disasters’ physical, economic, and social impacts. This dataset consists of 29 shapefiles containing seven different measures of storm surge inundation impacts under SLR (including building damage, displaced people and shelter needs, road exposure, essential facilities, wastewater treatment plants, bridges, and vehicle damage). The data is publicly available under the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative Information and Data Cooperative (GRIIDC).
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Magkouris, Alexandros, Markos Bonovas, Theodoros Gerostathis i Kostas Belibassakis. "A 3D BEM Model for the Hydrodynamic Analysis and Design of Heaving WEC Arrays Attached to a Breakwater". Sustainability 15, nr 17 (23.08.2023): 12777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151712777.
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Assessment of the performance of arrays of wave energy converters (WECs) of the type of simple heaving floaters, operating in nearshore and coastal areas, is essential to estimate their power production capacity. The effective design and layout of such WEC farms can be supported by studying the system’s operational characteristics based on the wave climatology of the deployment region. Installation along the exposed side of harbor breakwaters in sea areas with substantial incoming energy potential is a promising option. In this study, a 3D hydrodynamic model based on the boundary element method (BEM) is presented and discussed, aiming to evaluate the performance of WEC arrays consisting of multiple heaving bodies attached to the exposed side of a harbor breakwater, modelled as a vertical wall, considering its reflective effects, as well as hydrodynamic interactions between the multiple floating devices. Numerical results of the predicted power performance for various configurations, including interactions of multiple WECs with the nearshore topography and the breakwater wall, as well as the effects of power take off (PTO) parameters, are presented and discussed. Finally, a case study is presented for a selected coastal site at the port of Heraklion, located in the north-central part of Crete Island in the South Aegean Sea, characterized by relatively increased wave energy potential, using long-term climatological data, illustrating the method and its applicability as a supporting tool for optimal design of WEC arrangements.
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Lavrova, O. Yu, D. M. Soloviev, A. Ya Strochkov, K. R. Nazirova, E. V. Krayushkin i E. V. Zhuk. "The use of mini-drifters in coastal current measurements conducted concurrently with satellite imaging." Исследования Земли из Космоса, nr 5 (5.11.2019): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0205-96142019536-49.
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The results of field measurements of coastal currents using Lagrangian mini-drifters are presented. Drifter experiments were conducted concurrently with satellite imaging using Sentinel-2 MSI, Landsat-8 OLI and Sentinel-3 OLCI sensors. It is shown that the use of an inexpensive and simple to manufacture device, which is a mini-drifter, allows obtaining operational information about the parameters of coastal currents. In the experiments of April-May, 2019, in the northeastern part of the Black Sea, it was possible to estimate the velocity of coastal currents and determine the minimum distance that Black Sea Rim Current approached the coast. The trajectories of mini-drifters revealed the manifestations of inertial oscillations whose spatial characteristics are almost impossible to measure in any other way. The influence of the vortex structures detected in visible satellite images on the distribution of mini-drifters was estimated.
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Ruessink, Gerben, Dick Groenendijk i Bas Arens. "Digital Elevation Models and Orthomosaics of the Dutch Noordwest Natuurkern Foredune Restoration Project". Data 9, nr 2 (15.02.2024): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data9020037.
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Coastal dunes worldwide are increasingly under pressure from the adverse effects of human activities. Therefore, more and more restoration measures are being taken to create conditions that help disturbed coastal dune ecosystems regenerate or recover naturally. However, many projects lack the (open-access) monitoring observations needed to signal whether further actions are needed, and hence lack the opportunity to "learn by doing". This submission presents an open-access data set of 37 high-resolution digital elevation models and 24 orthomosaics collected before and after the excavation of five artificial foredune trough blowouts (“notches”) in winter 2012/2013 in the Dutch Zuid-Kennemerland National Park, one of the largest coastal dune restoration projects in northwest Europe. These high-resolution data provide a valuable resource for improving understanding of the biogeomorphic processes that determine the evolution of restored dune systems as well as developing guidelines to better design future restoration efforts with foredune notching.
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Zhang, Shangyan, Weizhi Ran, Geng Liu, Yang Li i Yang Xu. "A Multi-Agent-Based Defense System Design for Multiple Unmanned Surface Vehicles". Electronics 11, nr 17 (5.09.2022): 2797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11172797.
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Defense systems are usually deployed to protect high-value targets or hot spots that are integral parts of the modern battlefield environment. However, in coastal defense operations (due to the variability of the maritime environment and the sustainability of combat), limited operational capabilities, the need for efficient coordination, and protracted combat are peculiarly challenging to meet by traditional manned fleets. In contrast, with lower costs, unmanned fleets can organize an autonomous defense against enemy targets that are capable of rapid response. This paper focuses on the typical defense scenario; we analyzed and modeled the objective functions of the intelligent defense system and propose a hierarchical distributed multi-agent-based system design scheme. Finally, to test the system’s performance, we established simulation verification experiments in a typical scenario and compared the system based on the traditional central architecture. The results show that, in a defense operation, the hierarchically-distributed multi-agent-based system shows improvements in system decision-making efficiency and interception effect.
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Houtman, Nicola R., Jennifer Yakimishyn, Mike Collyer, Jennifer Sutherst, Cliff L. K. Robinson i Maycira Costa. "Experimentally Determining Optimal Conditions for Mapping Forage Fish with RPAS". Drones 6, nr 12 (17.12.2022): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones6120426.
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RPAS (Remotely piloted aircraft systems, i.e., drones) present an efficient method for mapping schooling coastal forage fish species that have limited distribution and abundance data. However, RPAS imagery acquisition in marine environments is highly dependent on suitable environmental conditions. Additionally, the size, color and depth of forage fish schools will impact their detectability in RPAS imagery. In this study, we identified optimal and suboptimal coastal environmental conditions through a controlled experiment using a model fish school containing four forage fish-like fishing lures. The school was placed at 0.5 m, 1.0 m, 1.5 m, and 2.0 m depths in a wide range of coastal conditions and then we captured RPAS video imagery. The results from a cluster analysis, principal components, and correlation analysis of RPAS data found that the optimal conditions consisted of moderate sun altitudes (20–40°), glassy seas, low winds (<5 km/h), clear skies (<10% cloud cover), and low turbidity. The environmental conditions identified in this study will provide researchers using RPAS with the best criteria for detecting coastal forage fish schools.
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Chandra, Saurabh, i Amit Kumar Vatsa. "Coastal Shipping for Automobile Distribution". INFORMS Transactions on Education 22, nr 1 (wrzesień 2021): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/ited.2021.0253cs.
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Chandra, Saurabh, i Amit Kumar Vatsa. "Coastal Shipping for Automobile Distribution". INFORMS Transactions on Education 22, nr 1 (wrzesień 2021): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/ited.2021.0253ca.
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With growing concerns related to the environment, sustainable transportation has gained importance. For geographies with an ample coastline, coastal shipping offers a sustainable transportation option to move massive freight quantities. This paper presents a case that allows students to appreciate the role of coastal shipping in multimodal logistics planning. Furthermore, it gives students an opportunity to mathematically model transportation planning at a strategic and tactical level for automotive distribution. The students learn how to assess the financial viability of a mode shift from roadways to coastal shipping. The instructors can use this case for theoretical discussion on multimodal logistics and the application of mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) and heuristics as solution methods. Furthermore, the case presents an opportunity to demonstrate the improvement in solution quality with an MILP solver compared with heuristics.
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Mickey, Rangley C., i Davina L. Passeri. "A Database of Topo-Bathy Cross-Shore Profiles and Characteristics for U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico Sandy Coastlines". Data 7, nr 7 (6.07.2022): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data7070092.
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A database of seamless topographic and bathymetric cross-shore profiles along with metrics of the associated morphological characteristics based on the latest available lidar data ranging from 2011–2020 and bathymetry from the Continuously Updated Digital Elevation Model was developed for U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico open-ocean sandy coastlines. Cross-shore resolution ranges from 2.5 m for topographic and nearshore portions to 10 m for offshore portions. Topographic morphological characteristics include: foredune crest elevation, foredune toe elevation, foredune width, foredune volume, foredune relative height, beach width, beach volume, beach slope, and nearshore slope. This database was developed to serve as inputs for current and future morphological modeling studies aimed at providing real-time estimates of coastal change magnitudes resulting from imminent tropical storm and hurricane landfall. Beyond this need for model inputs, the database of cross-shore profiles and characteristic metrics could serve as a tool for coastal scientists to visualize and to analyze varying local, regional, and national variations in coastal morphology for varying types of studies and projects related to Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico sandy coastline environments.
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Jessin, Jérémy, Charlotte Heinzlef, Nathalie Long i Damien Serre. "A Systematic Review of UAVs for Island Coastal Environment and Risk Monitoring: Towards a Resilience Assessment". Drones 7, nr 3 (17.03.2023): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones7030206.
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Island territories and their coastal regions are subject to a wide variety of stresses, both natural and anthropogenic. With increasing pressures on these vulnerable environments, the need to improve our knowledge of these ecosystems increases as well. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have recently shown their worth as a tool for data acquisition in coastal zones. This literature review explores the field of UAVs in the context of coastal monitoring on island territories by highlighting the types of platforms, sensors, software, and validation methods available for this relatively new data acquisition method. Reviewing the existing literature will assist data collectors, researchers, and risk managers in more efficiently monitoring their coastal zones on vulnerable island territories. The scientific literature reviewed was strictly analyzed in peer-reviewed articles ranging from 2016 to 2022. This review then focuses on the operationalization of the concept of resilience as a risk management technique. The aim is to identify a procedure from raw data acquisition to quantifying indicators for the evaluation of the resilience of a territory and finally linking the analyzed data to a spatial decision support system. This system could aid the decision-making process and uses the islands of French Polynesia and its Resilience Observatory as a case study.
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Kim, Seongjun, Chang Woo Lee, Hwan-Joon Park, Byoung-Doo Lee, Nam Young Kim, Jung Eun Hwang, Hyeong Bin Park, Jiae An i JuHyoung Baek. "Piloting an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle to Explore the Floristic Variations of Inaccessible Cliffs along Island Coasts". Drones 7, nr 2 (17.02.2023): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones7020140.
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Coastal cliffs are important in plant ecology as a unique frontier between terrestrial and marine ecosystems. This study piloted close-range photogrammetry with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to clarify floristic patterns using 26 inaccessible coastal cliffs in a warm-temperate, preserved island (area: 6.5 km2). UAV-based flora data were analyzed in terms of cliff aspect (Type-N: northwestern aspect of the island, Type-S: other island aspects) and elevation. The studied coastal cliffs contained 94 flora taxa, of which 13 and 12 taxa were found from either Type-N or Type-S cliffs only. Type-S cliffs retained a larger number of epiphyte and evergreen species but a smaller number of deciduous species than Type-N cliffs (p < 0.05), and 4 out of 8 detected epiphyte species dwelled in Type-S cliffs only. Additionally, the elevation of coastal cliffs was positively related to the proportion of tree and epiphyte species (r = 0.608, p < 0.001) but negatively related to the proportion of herbs (r = −0.649, p < 0.001). These patterns corresponded to differing microclimates such as the severity of cold and dry conditions during winter. We expect that UAV-based approaches will help understand plant ecology under harsh, challenging environments beyond the speculation with traditionally accessible sites only.
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Prego, Ricardo, Antonio Cobelo-García, Juan Santos-Echeandía, Maite De Castro, Natalia Ospina-Alvarez i Mar García-Pérez. "Estuary-ria exchange of cadmium, lead and zinc in the coastal system of the Ria of Vigo (NW Iberian Peninsula)". Scientia Marina 74, S1 (16.11.2010): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2010.74s1077.
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