Rozprawy doktorskie: „Coast pilots”

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Fernandes, Fábio. "ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DE SISTEMAS DE DIRECIONAMENTO NA OPERAÇÃO DE PULVERIZAÇÃO TERRESTRE". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4811.

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With the agricultural mechanization in expansion in the country, a lot of farmers, in order to optimize resources in the property, invest in technologies and agriculture techniques of precision for decreasing the cost of production, turning this activity into something feasible to their businesses. The objective of the present study was to run a comparative analysis between two direction systems, one of them without precision orientation, guided by the operator and the other system using resources of an automatic pilot, in order to limit through field tests the overlapping in the application of chemicals generated during the traffic of the group tractor plus sprayer. The spraying tests were run in a rectangular field of 20 hectares, all the circuit of movement of the group tractor plus sprayer followed the operation process back and forth with maneuvers on the heads of the field with previous alignment in each line of application. To be possible to obtain the medium overlapping of the width of the sprayer bar of 18 meters on both systems of direction, about 192 points average were collected throughout each strip, reaching the value of overlapping to the system without precision orientation of 9.48% and 0.44% for the automatic pilot system. From these data, the number of necessary transversal lines was presented for each of the systems of direction to attend to the experimental area, making it possible to estimate the total expenses and the cost reduction per hectare. Saving 17.61 R$ per hectare, it is possible to say that the investment of R$ 64,145.43 (sixty-four thousand, one hundred and forty-five reais and forty-three cents), referring to the acquisition of the system of automatic pilot, it is feasible for the studied property of 1300 hectares, for a period of amortization of 10 years referring to the life span of equipment involved (tractor and sprayer).
Com a mecanização agrícola em expansão no pais, muitos produtores rurais, afim de otimizar recursos na propriedade, investem em tecnologias e técnicas de agricultura de precisão para uma diminuição do custo de produção, tornando esta atividade economicamente viável para os seus negócios. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar uma análise comparativa, entre dois sistemas de direcionamento, um sem orientação de precisão, guiado pelo operador e o outro sistema utilizando recursos de um piloto automático, afim de delimitar por meio de testes de campo a sobreposição na aplicação de agrotóxico gerado durante o trafego do conjunto trator mais pulverizador. Os testes de pulverização foram realizados em um campo retangular de 20ha, todo circuito de deslocamento do conjunto trator mais pulverizador seguiu o processo de operação vai e vem com manobras nas cabeceiras do talhão com alinhamento prévio antes de cada linha de aplicação. Para que fosse possível obter a sobreposição média da largura da barra do pulverizador de 18m de ambos os sistemas de direcionamento, foram coletados em média 192 pontos de medidas ao longo de cada faixa, chegando ao valor de sobreposição para o sistema sem orientação de precisão de 9,48% e de 0,44% para o sistema de piloto automático. A partir destes dados, foi apresentado o número de linhas transversais necessárias para cada um dos sistemas de direcionamento para atender a área experimental, tendo assim como estimar os gastos totais e a redução de custos por hectare. Com a economia de R$/ha 17,61, é possível afirmar que o investimento de R$ 64.145,43 (Sessenta e quatro mil cento e quarenta e cinco reais com quarenta e três centavos), referente a aquisição do sistema de piloto automático, é viável para a propriedade estudada de 1300 hectares, para um período de amortização de 10 anos referente à vida útil dos equipamentos envolvidos (trator e pulverizador).

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Gezer, Evrim. "Coastal Scenic Evaluation, A Pilot Study For Cirali". Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605157/index.pdf.

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It is well known that, socioeconomic development in coastal regions is in many respects are more rapid than elsewhere. The rapid development has been the outcome of recognition of these regions as a means providing ideal conditions for relatively cheap transport, food and mineral resource, petroleum, natural gas, agricultural and industrial development, housing and recreation, etc. Therefore, coastal areas are under threat due to forcing function of human activities. A novel technique addressed scenic evaluation through application of fuzzy logic methodologies to values obtained from checklist that itemized 26 human and physical parameters rated on five-point attribute scale. The methodology enabled calculation of an Evaluation Index (D) which categorizes all sites and statistically best described attribute values in terms of weighted areas. The methodology developed for coastal scenic evaluation using Fuzzy Logic Approach (FLA) is a very useful tool in making future management plans for coastal areas by simulating different human usages. With regard to coastal zone management this technique is suitable for evaluating future potential changes especially with regard to influence of coastal structures on the coastal scenery. This work will hopefully be utilized by coastal mangers, planners, academics, governmental agencies, as to improve the especially human usage of the coastal areas also this work will be a tool for the preservation and conservation and the sustainable development of the coastal areas. For the pilot site, Ç
irali, D values are calculated and corresponding classes are found for different attributes of parameters rising from the human usage.

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Hone, Anne Burke. "TRICARE versus FEHBP : a pilot study of comparative inpatient costs in region 10". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1997. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA333336.

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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research) Naval Postgraduate School, June 1997.
Thesis advisors, Donald P. Gaver, James A. Scaramozzino. Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-79). Also available online.

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Demir, Huseyin. "The perfect performance of reduction of total ownership cost (R-TOC) pilot programs /". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA411582.

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Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2002.
"December 2002". Thesis advisor(s): Boudreau, Michael W. ; Gates, Bill. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-57). Also available online.

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Wong, Kee Choon. "The development of a low-cost research R.P.V. system". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1992. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26648.

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Flight testing is recognised to be the definitive validation of an aerodynamic concept or of an aircraft configuration’s performance. However, flight testing of manned aircraft presents concerns for safety and increasingly prohibitive cost requirements. Complementing wind tunnels, an instrumented Remotely Piloted Vehicle (RPV) is a valuable tool for aeronautical research, with which many aspects of flight mechanics and applied aerodynamics can be investigated economically before the final design of the full size prototype. The aim of this research project is to develop a research RPV system with a low cost emphasis. This thesis details the development, design, construction, and testing of an RPV and its integration into a flight system including an instrumentation payload, a real-time telemetry downlink, data acquisition and processing equipment and software. There have been many innovations in both hardware and software in order to create an RPV system which is small, safe, inexpensive, and yet reliable. Limitations of some low-cost components were amply compensated through local modifications and careful calibrations. A modified one quarter scale R/C model of the Bellanca Citabria was utilised as the basic test vehicle. Appropriate transducers and ancillary instrumentation were developed specifically to meet system requirements. The data acquisition system is able to display flight data in real time whilst recording, thus providing valuable feedback to the pilot, and allowing for post-flight data-processing. Comparisons between flight data and video image records demonstrate the accuracy of the data acquisition system. Each component of the RPV system is recognised to have the potential for enhancement to improve accuracy and reliability. However, the achievement of a set of reasonable goals has demonstrated the feasibility of the original concept. The realisation of a workable RPV system is not an end to itself, but leads to the commencement of further research, using the current work as a baseline. Proposed applications for the RPV system include research into applied aerodynamics and flight mechanics.

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Muppidi, Shashidhar. "Development of a low cost controller and navigation system for unmanned ground vehicle". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5916.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2008.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 141 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 76-78).

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Zemariam, Ermias Lourdes, i Ann Willhelmsson. "Time Driven Activity Based Costing : When theory and reality collide: A pilot study of TDABC in a financial service company". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-416750.

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The value of cost allocation comes from its initial purpose; decision support. In other words, cost allocation is considered a vital part of management, as it generates valuable information concerning efficiency and profitability. By applying Time Driven Activity Based Costing (TDABC) in a financial service company, this pilot study aims to learn from the consequences of the application, and discuss the lessons learned. The application resulted in a two-step allocation using Traditional Cost Allocation in the first step and TDABC in the final step, wherethe overhead cost of four support departments were allocated down to products. To build the model, interviews were conducted with personnel and internal documents were used. The application's most important lessons are thedifficultyofidentifying and measuring activities, the model’s requirement of high-quality data and the complexity of the capacity measures.

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Hartny-Mills, Lauren. "Site fidelity, social structure and spatial distribution of short-finned pilot whales, Globicephala macrorhynchus, off the south west coast of Tenerife". Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2015. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/site-fidelity-social-structure-and-spatial-distribution-of-shortfinned-pilot-whales-globicephala-macrorhynchus-off-the-south-west-coast-of-tenerife(c171ef9e-7879-4fd0-89f7-82af8fea55f5).html.

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The conservation management of wild cetaceans depends on knowledge of their population structure and dynamics, and how human activities impact upon resource use and behaviour. The short-finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus) is believed to possess a complex social structure, with a high degree of bonding among familial group members that results in natal group philopatry. As the subject of intense tourism activity, the pilot whale population around the Atlantic island of Tenerife was studied to determine spatial distribution, the degree of site fidelity, and the social structure from 2005-2008, using behavioural data and a photo-identification image database consisting of ca. 55,000 photographs compiled by citizen scientists. There were 382 well-marked individuals identified, which varied in the degree of site fidelity from those encountered throughout the study period to those that were only seen once. At least 22 individuals were matched to a previous study, demonstrating residency spanning 19 years. The distribution of whales in the study area was not random or uniform, and higher rates of encounter occurred offshore at depths of 800-2100 m. The area is important for breeding, calving and foraging, with a core area measuring 99.1 km2 identified. Social analyses, based on the associations of photo-identified individuals, suggested that the study area contains groups of animals with long-term, constant relationships, with 11 longitudinally stable social clusters identified using hierarchical cluster analysis. However a large proportion of the population forms short-term bonds or has no apparent affiliation with other conspecifics. Future studies should focus on increasing the extent of study area as the full ranging behaviour of the pilot whales may not have been encompassed here. The long-term site fidelity and stable relationships demonstrated in this island-associated population, may need to be more closely monitored, given the increasing concerns about anthropogenic disturbance in the Canary Islands.

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Myte, Robin. "Competition in the Swedish Food Retail Industry : An empirical pilot study estimating the mean price-cost markup". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-56807.

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Hodges, Jeffrey A. "The career cost: does it pay for a military pilot to leave the service for the airlines?" Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/45874.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
The military is experiencing a pilot retention problem that is getting worse. The government spends millions of dollars training pilots in the most advanced aircraft in the world, only to watch them leave for the commercial airline industry at the first opportunity. As airline pilot hiring continues to improve, military pilots will depart the services for the assumed increase in financial compensation of the airlines. This thesis compares two scenarios: one in which a military pilot leaves the service to become a commercial airline pilot upon completing the initial active duty service obligation (ADSO), and one in which a military pilot defers becoming a commercial airline pilot until after reaching military retirement eligibility. The comparison is made by calculating lifetime income cash flows of both scenarios, and then discounting them to achieve a net present value (NPV). The findings conclude it is financially prudent for military pilots to remain in the service until retirement. The current policies enable a retired military pilot to earn over 9% more in NPV when compared to the military pilot who separates at ADSO completion. Military pilots who voluntarily separate prior to retirement for financial reasons are incorrectly evaluating the assumed pay disparity between the airlines and the military.

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Patch, Christine. "Comparison of two screening strategies for haemochromatosis : a pilot study investigating uptake and acceptability, feasibility and cost". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289911.

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Singh, Rahul. "Blue skies or dark clouds for the pilots and flight attendants? : Loyalty, self-loyalty, commitment and motivation in the flight industry". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-80095.

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While worldwide the flight industry was increasing in the last decade, little is known about the working environment of pilots and flight attendants. This paper aims to develop a deeper understanding based on the theories of loyalty, self-loyalty, commitment, and motivation for pilots and flight attendants in the low-cost segment and the carrier segment in the flight industry. A qualitative study with a semi-structured interview is provided. In total, three pilots and three flight attendants who work for a low-cost airline and carrier airlines from all over the world were interviewed. The findings show that a differentiation between before the COVID 19 pandemic and during COVID 19 has to be made. Before COVID 19, pilots were almost satisfied with their working conditions whereas flight attendants felt their working conditions could have been improved in terms of better wages. However, during the COVID 19 time, both the flight attendants and pilots are afraid of losing their job. Due to COVID 19, many flights were cancelled which might have an impact on the flight industry in the future. My studies open up possibilities for new research in the future about the transformation of the flight industry after COVID 19.

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Finatto, Paula. "Efeitos de um treinamento de Pilates sobre variáveis fisiológicas e biomecânicas da corrida". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/122638.

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O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os efeitos de um treinamento de 12 semanas do Método Pilates (MP) no solo sobre variáveis fisiológicas e biomecânicas da corrida em duas velocidades diferentes. A amostra foi dividida aleatoriamente em dois grupos, sendo 16 para o grupo controle (GC) e 16 para o grupo Pilates (GP). O GC realizou um treinamento de 12 semanas de corrida, enquanto o GP realizou o treinamento de corrida combinado com o treinamento do MP, este realizado em dias alternados. Previamente ao início do treinamento, os sujeitos foram familiarizados com procedimentos e equipamentos. Para análise de desempenho em prova, realizou-se uma prova de 5 quilômetros em pista antes do início do treinamento e após o seu término. Em uma sessão específica de testes foram mensurados o custo metabólico (Cmet) e ativação eletromiográfica nas fases de pré-ativação, fase de apoio e fase de balanço da passada referentes aos músculos obliquus internus abdominis (OI), obliquus externus abdominis (OE), gluteus medius (GM), longissimus (LO), latissimus dorsi (LA), biceps femoris (BF) e vastus lateralis (VA) durante a corrida em esteira nas velocidades de 10km.h-1 e 12km.h- 1. Os dados eletromiográficos foram normalizados através da amplitude isométrica máxima do sinal eletromiográfico obtido em teste específico para cada músculo. As fases de movimento foram definidas através da filmagem de forma sincronizada à coleta EMG no último minuto de cada estágio de corrida. Para a análise entre os grupos, no período prétreinamento, utilizou-se ANOVA one-way. Em caso de distribuição não-paramétrica foi utilizado o teste de Mann-Whitney. As comparações referentes às variáveis de desempenho de corrida, metabólicas, ativação muscular e caracterização da amostra, entre os fatores tempo e grupo, foram realizadas através do modelo de Equações de Estimativas Generalizadas (GEE). Como resultados, em relação ao tempo de 5km, tanto o GC (25,33 ± 0,58 min; 24,61 ± 0,52min. p=0,006) quanto o GP (25,65 ± 0,44 min; 23,23 ± 0,40min. p<0,001) apresentaram uma redução após o treinamento e GP foi significativamente mais rápido (p=0,039) comparado ao GC. Em relação a variável Cmet em 12km.h-1, as análises apresentaram uma melhora significativa quando comparados pré- e pós-treinamento para os dois grupos, e GP (4,33 ±0,07J.kg-1.m-1) teve melhores respostas comparado a GC (4,71±0,11J.kg-1.m-1) no pós-treinamento. O GP apresentou uma menor ativação comparado ao GC na fase de apoio para OI, LO, GM (p<0,05) e na fase de balanço para OE, OI, LO, GM após o treinamento. Entretanto, os músculos BF, VA e LA não apresentaram diferenças entre os grupos. Conclui-se o GP apresentou melhoras significativamente maiores comparadas ao GC no pós-treinamento para tempo de 5km e Cmet12. O GP apresentou redução no percentual de ativação muscular para OI, OE, LO e GM no pós-treinamento e foi menor do que GC evidenciando que um treinamento de corrida associado a um treinamento de MP pode proporcionar uma maior economia de corrida, através de uma menor demanda muscular o que parece influenciar o desempenho em provas de 5km.
The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of a 12-week training of Pilates Method (MP) in the physiological and biomechanical variables of running at two different speeds. The sample was randomly divided into two groups, 16 subjects for the control group (CG) and 16 subjects for the Pilates group (GP). GC held a 12 weeks of a running training program while the GP performed the running training program combined with Pilates training on alternate days. Prior to the start of training, subjects performed a familiarization session with procedures and equipment. For performance evaluation, a five kilometers running test on track was performed before and after the training period. In a specific test session, metabolic cost (Cmet) and EMG activation in the pre-activation, support and swing phase were obtained for obliquus internus abdominis (OI), obliquus externus abdominis (OE), gluteus medius (GM), longissimus (LO), latissimus dorsi (LA), biceps femoris (BF) and vastus lateralis (VA) muscles during treadmill running at speeds of 10km.h-1 and 12km.h-1. The electromyographic data were normalized by maximum isometric amplitude of the electromyographic signal obtained in specifics tests for each muscle. Motion phases were determined through a synchronized shooting during the EMG collection, wich was obtained in the last minute of each of the two running stages. For statistical analysis between groups in the pre-training period one-way ANOVA was performed. In the case of nonparametric data distribution the Mann-Whitney test was applied. Comparisons related to running performance, metabolic variables, muscle activation and characterization of the sample, among the factors time and group, were performed using the Generalized Estimation Equation Model (GEE). Regarding to the 5km performance, both the GC (25.33 ± 0.58 min;. 24.61 ± 0,52min p = 0.006) and the GP (25.65 ± 0.44 min; 23.23 ± 0, 40min. p <0.001) showed a reduction after the training program and GP was significantly faster (p = 0.039) compared to the GC. For the Cmet12 the analysis showed a significant improvement when compared pre- and post-training in both groups. Also,GP (4.33 ± 0.07) had better responses than GC (4.71 ± 0.11 ) in the post-training period. Futhermore, GP had a lower activation compared to the CG in the stance phase for OI, LO, GM (p <0.05) and in the swing phase for OE, OI, LO, GM in post-training period. The BF muscle, VA and LA did not differ between groups. In Conclusion, the GP showed significantly greater improvements compared to the GC in post-training for 5km performance and Cmet12 . Also, GP showed a reduction in the percentage of muscle activation to OI, OE, LO and GM in the post-training and was smaller than GC, showing that a running training associated with a Pilates training program can provide greater running economy through a smaller muscular demand which seems to influence performance in 5km performance test.

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Maxwell, Brian W., Jacqueline M. Etheridge i G. Dean Alton. "Cost benefit analysis of performing a pilot project for hydrogen-powered ground support equipment at Lemoore Naval Air station". Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10089.

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MBA Professional Report
The primary purpose of this thesis is to provide a cost benefit analysis of a pilot program at NAS Lemoore for the use of hydrogen fuel cell powered aviation ground support equipment (GSE) and provide general background information on hydrogen power. The analysis is conducted to determine expected program costs and to determine what benefits the Navy could achieve by using hydrogen fuel cell powered tow tractors, electric carts and hydraulic carts. Analysis shows benefits in the following areas: reduced green house gas emissions and noise pollution reduced HAZMAT generation due to reduced oil usage and spills/leaks, reduced maintenance labor costs for fuel cell over diesel engines, and reduced training time required after full fleet fuel cell implementation.

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Sundene, Hanne, i Merete Hole. "Cost-benefit Assessment of Item Level RFID in Apparel Retailing : A Case Study of an RFID Pilot Project in Moods of Norway". Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for industriell økonomi og teknologiledelse, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-25767.

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The use of RFID in apparel retailing and supply chains has gained much attention since the initial deployments in 2003. The application of use has advanced as more initiatives have been conducted the later years, and implementation with item level tagging is now regarded as the way to go as it enables more benefits. At the same time, several researches are skeptical to the actual outcome of such an implementation, especially when the tag price is still substantially higher than the price of the commonly used barcode. There exists a lack of empirical data on the actual experienced costs and benefits obtained by implementation of item level RFID-tagging. The goal for this thesis is therefore to provide insight on the effects RFID will have on an apparel retailer. This is achieved through a comprehensive cost benefit assessment of an RFID initiative.The research is pursued by doing a single case study on the RFID-pilot project in Moods of Norway, the winter of 2014. The findings from the case study and the pilot are used to estimate the effect a full deployment will have on the company.The outcome of the case study supports the growing interest in RFID in supply chains. MoN is expected to get a payback on the investment in 4 months if unrealized monetary effects from labor savings are excluded, or 7 months if included in the calculations. The distinction between the two cases are made as MoN decided to consider savings in labor as time to spend on sale performing efforts rather than directly translate the labor to a cost saving, which is the widespread way to regard labor savings in the literature. The saved time from streamlining in store processes has been considered an increase in revenue according to the equivalent alternative cost of the salaries. The change for need in labor in the distribution center and the administration, as well as labor spent in relation with the investment, could however not be spent or taken from sales enhancing activities. The result is the two payback calculations where the 4 months is what is likely to be experienced by MoN as they do not regard labor as a cost, while the 7 months include the effect the implementation will have on both the operating labor level and the labor needed as investments. After an implementation most costs are expected to occur in close relation with the implementation, as RFID-equipment and tags are needed. Benefits are expected to be seen quite fast as well, through automation of store processes and a better data accuracy which will give less stock-outs and better availability in the stores. Nevertheless, the magnitudes of the benefits are less certain than the costs. This makes the actual payback time prone to uncertainty. At the same time does analysis performed with only quite certain factors still support a decision of an RFID-implementation.The main contribution of the research is the identification of and the empirical data on RFID specific benefits and costs, and the seemingly positive outcome. In addition, this thesis can be regarded as a decision support tool for the case company. As the research to a large extent is considered generalizable for apparel retailers, this thesis can also be seen as more general guidelines and decision support for other companies that consider implementing RFID.

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De, Almeida Tiana. "RFID tags for the expedition of body part processing in large scale disaster victim identification incidents: A cost and feasibility pilot study". Thesis, De Almeida, Tiana (2018) RFID tags for the expedition of body part processing in large scale disaster victim identification incidents: A cost and feasibility pilot study. Masters by Coursework thesis, Murdoch University, 2018. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/43037/.

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In 2001, over 2,000 lives were lost at the World Trade Center. Approximately 280,000 deceased victims were a result of the Asian tsunami of 2004, and 168 fatalities after the Oklahoma bombing in 1995. Whether the disaster incident is large or small, the legal responsibility falls on forensic investigators to positively identify every victim, for the purpose of returning the remains to their respective families. In forensic science and more specifically, disaster victim identification (DVI), an unforeseen incident can result in the demise of a mass of lives. Identifying the fallen victims is of vital importance. Highly skilled specialists and investigators are involved in the DVI processes in order to expedite the processing of body parts. However, a research gap remains in regard to the timeliness of human remain examinations at large scale DVI incidents. The expedition of DVI investigations is crucial as it impacts the number of positive identifications that are made, whilst issues such as decomposition may challenge forensic investigators. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology is an advanced system that transmits a radio signal, in order to track and identify objects. This review aims to demonstrate how RFID technology has the ability to significantly decrease forensic examination and identification time of victims, through sub-dermal implantation of microchips into human remains. Although the cost of implementing RFID is a limitation, the technology has proven to be successful in several organisations on an international scale and has been effective through sub-dermal implantation in humans as well as animals. Through utilising RFID, forensic investigators and legal authorities will be equipped to conduct an expeditious DVI process and hence, determine a greater amount of positive deceased victim identifications.

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Vignola, Jay S. "A study on the political cost savings associated with implementing airline pilot training curricula into the future P-8 MMA fleet replacement squadron". Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Jun%5FVignola.pdf.

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Vignola, Jay S. "A study on the potential cost savings associated with implementing airline pilot training curricula into the future P-8 MMA fleet replacement squadron". Thesis, Monterey California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/2704.

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This thesis discusses potential cost savings associated with implementing airline pilot training curricula into the future P-8 Multimission Maritime Aircraft (MMA) Fleet Replacement Squadron (FRS). These curricula rely primarily on high-technology flight simulators and do not require any flight time in an actual aircraft. This thesis also provides an approach for estimating future P-8 FRS cost savings. The results of this thesis indicate that significant savings will likely accrue in the areas of fuel, Aviation Depot Level Repairables (AVDLR) and training expendable stores costs if airline pilot training curricula are implemented into the P-8 FRS in FY 2014. Further research is needed in many other cost areas before additional cost savings estimations can be made. Finally, this thesis discusses many additional considerations that should be taken into account before a future airline pilot training curricula implementation decision is made.

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Wright, Brian Bradley. "A review of lessons learned to inform capacity-building for sustainable nature-based tourism development in the European Union funded ʺSupport to the Wild Coast Spatial Development Initiative Pilot Programmeʺ". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003628.

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This case-study establishes the influences of power-knowledge relationships on capacity-building for sustainability in the European Union Funded ‘Wild Coast Spatial Development Initiative Pilot Programme’ (EU Programme). It aims to capture the lessons learned for capacitybuilding to support nature-based tourism initiatives on the Wild Coast. The EU Programme aimed to achieve economic and social development of previously disadvantaged communities through nature-based tourism enterprises, and to develop capacity of local authorities and communities to support environmental management. The study discusses common trends in thematic categories emerging from the research data, and contextualises research findings in a broader development landscape. This study indicates that power-knowledge relations were reflected in the EU Programme’s development ideology by an exclusionary development approach, which lacked a participatory ethos. This exclusionary approach did not support an enabling environment for capacity-building. This development approach, guiding the programme conceptualization, design and implementation processes, resulted in a programme with unrealistic objectives, time-frames and resource allocations; a programme resisted by provincial and local government. The study provides a causal link between participation, programme relevance, programme ownership, commitment of stakeholders, effective management and capacity-building for sustainable programme implementation. The study argues that the underlying motivation for the exclusionary EU development ideology in the programme is driven by a risk management strategy. This approach allows the EU to hold power in the development process, whereas, an inclusionary participative development methodology would require a more in-depth negotiation with stakeholders, thereby requiring the EU to relinquish existing levels of power and control. This may increase the risk of an unexpected programme design outcome and associated exposure to financial risk. It may also have a significant financial effect on donor countries' consultancies and consultants currently driving the development industry. This study recommends an interactive-participative methodology for programme design and implementation, if an enabling environment for capacity-building is to be created. In addition, all programme stakeholders must share contractual accountability for programme outcomes. This requires a paradigm shift in the EU development ideology to an inclusionary methodology. However, this research suggests that the current EU development approach will not voluntarily change. I, therefore, argue that South Africa needs to develop a legislative framework that will guide donor-funded development programme methodology, to support an enabling environment for capacity-building.

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Nurboja, B. "Cost-effectiveness and quality of life after treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis with the interspinous distractor device (X-STOP) or laminectomy : a pilot study". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1419157/.

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OBJECTIVES: Primary end-point was to assess the cost-effectiveness of lumbar laminectomy versus X-stop insertion in patients with neurogenic claudication secondary to LSS. Secondary end-points were to compare quality of life, clinical outcomes, radiological parameters and complications within two groups. This is a pilot study to produce predictive models and allow sample size calculation. DESIGN: Multicentre randomised trial with two interventional arms, namely the lumbar laminectomy(LL) and X-stop(XS) groups. METHODS: Patients were recruited from two neurosurgical centres after fulfilling eligibility criteria and followed up for 1 year. Self-reported general quality of life and disease-specific questionnaires were used. The assessments were performed at discharge, 6 weeks, 6 and 12 months. Also, radiological parameters were analysed. RESULTS: In this pilot study 26 patients were identified of which 6 were excluded and 20 were randomised with 10 in lumbar laminectomy and 10 in X-stop(XS) group from June 2008 to January 2010. LL group incured lower costs than the XS group but showed no significant between-group differences in utility values (QALYs). We found that LL was perhaps more cost-effective than the XS but with uncertainty, suggesting the need for a larger trial. There were no significant differences between the two groups in quality of life, clinical outcomes or success rates but within group improvements were found. Importantly, 6 out of 10 patients (60%) from XS group crossed over to LL group. Sample size calculation with the original data showed the need for 25 patients in each arm to detect clinical significance in future clinical trial. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that LL is possibly cheaper and more cost-effective than XS over a 1-year period, in National Health Service. No significant differences in quality of life and clinical outcomes between the two procedures were detected although this is only a pilot study with a small sample size.

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Larsson, Björn, i Ola Qviberg. "Evaluation and Justification of an RFID Implementation : Pilot at IKEA Customer Distribution Centre". Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2734.

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The purpose of this final thesis isto develop a model for justification and evaluation of RFID technology. RFID is a new, relatively untested, technology using radio signals for automatic identification of different objects. Our theoretical frame of references focuses on research about RFID and implementation iss ues, we also conducted case studies and interviews in order to learn about RFID. Most RFID installations of today are Pilots or early adopters wanting to try new technology. A lot of the written sources were reports from consultancy firms or suppliers of technology.

Implementing RFID in real environment gave important insights into potentials and limitations of the technology. It proved that it is difficult to achieve sufficient readability in a steel environment. We also learned that one should not underestimate the time for installation and tuning in order to meet higher readability. The project finally resulted in an iterative model for justification and evaluation of RFID technology.

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Sen, Debayan. "A bi-level system dynamics modeling framework to evaluate costs and benefits of implementing Controller Pilot Data Link Communications and Decision Support Tools in a non-integrated and integrated scenario". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41886.

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A modeling framework to evaluate the costs and benefits of implementation of Con-troller Pilot Data Link Communication (CPDLC), and Air Traffic Management (ATM) decision support tools is proposed in this paper. The benefit/cost evaluation is carried out for four key alternatives namely alternative A: Do nothing scenario (only voice channel), alternative B: Voice channel supplemented with CPDLC, alternative C: Alternative B with ATM tools in a non-integrated scenario and finally alternative D: Alternative B with ATM tools in an integrated scenario. It is a bi-level model that cap-tures the linkages between various technologies at a lower microscopic level using a daily microscopic model (DATSIM) and transfers the measures of effectives to a higher macroscopic level. DATSIM stands for Data Link and Air Traffic Technologies SIMulation and it simulates air traffic in the enroute sector and terminal airspace for a single day and captures the measures of effectiveness at a microscopic level and feeds its output to the macroscopic annual model which then runs over the entire life cycle of the system. Airspace dwell time benefit data from the microscopic model is regressed into three dimensional benefit surfaces as a function of the equipage level of aircraft and aircraft density and embedded into the macroscopic model. The main function of the annual model is to ascertain economic viability of any deployment schedule or alternative over the entire life cycle of the system. The life cycle cost model is com-posed of four modules namely: Operational benefits module, Safety benefit module,Technology cost module and Training cost module. Analysis using the model showed that an enroute sector gets congested at aircraft den-sities greater 630 per day. This is mainly because the controller workload gets satu-rated at that traffic volume per day. Benefits realized in alternatives B, C and D as compared to alternative A increased exponentially at traffic densities greater than 630 i.e. when controller workload for alternative A becomes saturated.
Master of Science

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Begbie, Rosie. "Exploring the cost-effectiveness of psychological therapies : analysis of a pilot Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for depression in the context of psychosis". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8429/.

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Health, social, and economic burden related to schizophrenia is significant for both patients and wider society (Knapp, 2000; Chong et al., 2016). Depression is common in people with schizophrenia (Whitehead et al., 2002) and is associated with particularly high levels of health care use (Steel et al., 2015). Developing and disseminating cost-effective interventions for people with depression in the context of psychosis is therefore indicated. The ADAPT trial was a pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for depression after psychosis (ACTdp) for individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia who also met diagnostic criteria for major depression (Gumley et al., 2015; Gumley et al., 2017). A total of 29 participants were randomised to ACTdp+ Standard Care (SC) (n=15) or SC alone (n=14). The aim of the present study was to explore outcomes relating to cost-effectiveness of ACTdp and to consider the feasibility of conducting an economic evaluation alongside a larger, definitive trial. Cost-effectiveness was explored in a cost-utility analysis (CUA) with quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) as the primary outcome. QALYs were calculated from the EuroQol (EQ-5D-5L) and cost data were collected using the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for ACTdp was £8,339 which falls below the assumed threshold of £20,000 per incremental QALY used by NICE (2012). A trend towards better outcomes and partial cost-offsets in the ACTdp group suggests that ACTdp may be a cost-effective treatment and that a larger, definitive trial to explore this further would be justified.

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Chiwire, Plaxcedes. "Maternal health : cost analysis of introducing the Umbiflow Velocity Doppler System at primary health level : a pilot study conducted at Kraaifontein Community Health Centre and Durbanville Day Clinic". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19882.

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Background: A South African report, Saving Babies 2010-2011, reports 32,178 still births in a 2 year period of January 2010 to December 2011 within the 94% of the total hospitals who provide data to a Perinatal Problem Identification programme (PPIP). In order to deal with perinatal mortality, specifically Intra-Uterine Growth there is needed to equip the primary health care (PHC) with technology for monitoring. An instrument called the Umbiflow Doppler ultrasound machine has been developed and there is need to test its economic impact in the PHC. Methods: A cross- sectional analytical study was conducted in the Tygerberg Eastern Health District of the Metro Region of Western Cape, South Africa at two primary health care (PHC) facilities, one secondary level hospital, and one tertiary hospital namely Kraaifontein Community Health Centre (CHC), Durbanville Day Clinic, Karl Bremmer District Hospital, and Tygerberg Hospital respectively. The aim of the research was to conduct a cost analysis in the introduction of an Umbiflow Doppler machine in the primary health care with the major goal being to reduce the number of perinatal deaths in the public health system. A societal perspective was adopted. The cost analysis study was carried out on the already approved sample size of 139 patients stemming from the Umbiflow Clinical study. The inclusion criteria for patient participation was poor SF growth and late bookers >28 weeks attending Kraaifontein Community Health Care Centre and Durbanville Clinic for antenatal services.

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Ragnarsson, Micael. "Variations Related to Print Mottle in Starch-Containing Paper Coatings". Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för kemiteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-14409.

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Starch in paper coatings is known to increase the risk of print mottle in lithographic offset printing. The objective of this study was to increase the understanding of this behaviour. Four phenomena that could lead to print mottle, where the presence of starch might be important, have been identified: uneven binder migration, uneven coating mass distribution, uneven deformation during calendering and differential shrinkage. The latter three were investigated in this project. Starch-containing coating colours often have high water retention. A relationship between the water retention of the coating colours and the distribution of coating thickness was found in a pilot trial. A theory is proposed, where the surface profile of the base paper beneath the blade, that governs the coat weight distribution in blade coating, is affected by moisture from the dewatering coating colours and the compressive force exerted by the blade. Drying strategies were studied to see whether they would induce porosity variations in the coating layers. There is a strong connection between the rate of evaporation and the shrinkage of the coating layer, but no porosity variations due to the choice of drying strategy were found. Shrinkage is governed by the capillary forces. At the same capillary pressure, the coating shrinks more for some binder systems, which is suggested to be due to a weaker chemical interaction between the binder and the pigment. Oxidized starch/latex coatings, stained with a fluorescent marker, had a greater standard deviation in fluorescence intensity than CMC/latex coatings caused by a difference in either porosity or latex distribution. It was shown that calendering introduces porosity variations into the coating layer that are larger for starch-containing coatings. The drying strategies appeared to have a significant effect on these porosity variations and they correlated positively with print mottle in some cases and in another case negatively. In the case of the negatively correlated, the mottle was probably caused by variations in surface porosity existing prior to the calendering.

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Sun, Jisang. "Human Interfaces for Cooperative Control of Multiple Vehicle Systems". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1230.pdf.

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Boyd, Christopher. "Assessment, Optimization, and Enhancement of Ultrafiltration (UF) Membrane Processes in Potable Water Treatment". Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5909.

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This dissertation reports on research related to ultrafiltration (UF) membranes in drinking water applications. A pilot-scale investigation identified seasonal surface water quality impacts on UF performance and resulted in the development of a dynamic chemically enhanced backwash protocol for fouling management. Subsequent analysis of UF process data revealed limitations with the use of specific flux, transmembrane pressure (TMP), and other normalization techniques for assessing UF process fouling. A new TMP balance approach is presented that identifies the pressure contribution of membrane fouling and structural changes, enables direct process performance comparisons at different operating fluxes, and distinguishes between physically and chemically unresolved fouling. In addition to the TMP balance, a five component optimization approach is presented for the systematic improvement of UF processes on the basis of TMP variations. Terms are defined for assessing process event performance, a new process utilization term is presented to benchmark UF productivity, and new measures for evaluating maintenance procedures are discussed. Using these tools, a correlation between process utilization and operating pressures was established and a sustainable process utilization of 93.5% was achieved. UF process capabilities may be further enhanced by pre-coating media onto the membrane surface. Silicon dioxide (SiO2) and powdered activated carbon (PAC) are evaluated as pre-coating materials, and the applicability of the TMP balance for assessing pre-coated membrane performance is demonstrated. The first use of SiO2 as a support layer for PAC in a membrane pre-coating application is presented at the laboratory-scale. SiO2-PAC pre-coatings successfully reduced physically unresolved fouling and enhanced UF membrane organics removal capabilities.
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Environmental Engineering

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Sauvage-Vincent, Julie. "Un langage contrôlé pour les instructions nautiques du Service Hydographique et Océanographique de la Marine". Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IMTA0001/document.

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Les langages contrôlés sont des langages artificiellement définis utilisant un sous-ensemble du vocabulaire, des formes morphologiques, des constructions syntaxiques d'une langue naturelle tout en en éliminant la polysémie. En quelque sorte, ils constituent le pont entre les langages formels et les langues naturelles. De ce fait, ils remplissent la fonction de communication du médium texte tout en étant rigoureux et analysables par la machine sans ambiguïté. En particulier, ils peuvent être utilisés pour faciliter l'alimentation de bases de connaissances, dans le cadre d'une interface homme-machine.Le Service Hydrographique et Océanographique de la Marine (SHOM) publie depuis 1971 les Instructions nautiques, des recueils de renseignements généraux, nautiques et réglementaires, destinés aux navigateurs. Ces ouvrages complètent les cartes marines. Elles sont obligatoires à bord des navires de commerce et de pêche. D'autre part, l'Organisation Hydrographique Internationale (OHI) a publié des normes spécifiant l'échange de données liées à la navigation et notamment un modèle universel de données hydrographiques (norme S-100, janvier 2010). Cette thèse se propose d'étudier l'utilisation d'un langage contrôlé pour représenter des connaissances contenues dans les Instructions nautiques, dans le but de servir de pivot entre la rédaction du texte par l'opérateur dédié, la production de l'ouvrage imprimé ou en ligne, et l'interaction avec des bases de connaissances et des outils d'aide à la navigation. En particulier on étudiera l'interaction entre le langage contrôlé des Instructions nautiques et les cartes électroniques correspondantes. Plus généralement, cette thèse se pose la question de l'évolution d'un langage contrôlé et des ontologies sous-jacentes dans le cadre d'une application comme les Instructions nautiques, qui ont la particularité d'avoir des aspects rigides (données numériques, cartes électroniques, législation) et des aspects nécessitant une certaine flexibilité (rédaction du texte par des opérateurs humains, imprévisibilité du type de connaissance à inclure par l'évolution des usages et des besoins des navigants). De manière similaire aux ontologies dynamiques que l'on rencontre dans certains domaines de connaissance, on définit ici un langage contrôlé dynamique. Le langage contrôlé décrit dans cette thèse constitue une contribution intéressante pour la communauté concernée puisqu'il touche au domaine maritime, domaine encore inexploité dans l'étude des langages contrôlés, mais aussi parce qu'il présente un aspect hybride, prenant en compte les multiples modes (textuel et visuel) présents dans le corpus constitué par les Instructions nautiques et les documents qu'elles accompagnent. Bien que créé pour le domaine de la navigation maritime, les mécanismes du langage contrôlé présentés dans cette thèse ont le potentiel pour être adaptés à d'autres domaines utilisant des corpus multimodaux. Enfin, les perspectives d'évolution pour un langage contrôlé hybride sont importantes puisqu'elles peuvent exploiter les différents avantages des modes en présence (par exemple, une exploitation de l'aspect visuel pour une extension 3D)
Controlled Natural Languages (CNL) are artificial languages that use a subset of the vocabulary, morphological forms and syntactical constructions of a natural language while eliminating its polysemy. In a way, they constitute the bridge between formal languages and natural languages. Therefore, they perform the communicative function of the textual mode while being precise and computable by the machine without any ambiguity. In particular, they can be used to facilitate the population or update of knowledge bases within the framework of a human-machine interface.Since 1971, the French Marine Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service (SHOM) issues the French Coast Pilot Books Instructions nautiques , collections of general, nautical and statutory information, intended for use by sailors. These publications aim to supplement charts, in the sense that they provide the mariner with supplemental information not in the chart. They are mandatory for fishing and commercial ships. On the other hand, the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) issued standards providing information about navigational data exchange. Among these standards, one of a particular interest is the universal model of hydrographic data (S-100 standard, January, 2010).This thesis analyses the use of a CNL to represent knowledge contained in the Instructions nautiques. This CNL purpose is to act as a pivot between the writing of the text by the dedicated operator, the production of the printed or online publication, and the interaction with knowledge bases and navigational aid tools. We will focus especially on the interaction between the Instructions nautiques Controlled Natural Language and the corresponding Electronic Navigational Charts (ENC).More generally, this thesis asks the question of the evolution of a CNL and the underlying ontologies involved in the Instructions nautiques project. Instructions nautiques have the particularity of combining both strictness (numerical data, electronic charts, legislation) and a certain amount of flexibility (text writing by human operators, unpredictability of the knowledge to be included due to the evolution of sailors¿ practices and needs). We define in this thesis a dynamic CNL in the same way that dynamic ontologies are defined in particular domains. The language described in this thesis is intended as an interesting contribution for the community involved in CNL. Indeed, it addresses the creation of a CNL for the unexploited domain of maritime navigation, but its hybrid aspects as well through the exploration of the multiple modalities (textual and visual) coexisting in a corpus comprising ENC and their companion texts. The mechanisms of the CNL presented in this thesis, although developed for the domain of the maritime navigation, have the potential to be adapted to other domains using multimodal corpuses. Finally, the benefits in the future of a controlled hybrid language are undeniable: the use of the different modalities in their full potential can be used in many different applications (for example, the exploitation of the visual modality for a 3D extension)

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Monteil, Hélène. "Development and implementation of the Bio-electro-Fenton process : application to the removal of pharmaceuticals from water A review on efficiency and cost effectiveness of electro- and bio-electro-Fenton processes: application to the treatment of pharmaceutical pollutants in water. Efficient removal of diuretic hydrochlorothiazide from water by electro-Fenton process using BDD anode: a kinetic and degradation pathway study Electro-Fenton treatment of the widely used analgesic tramadol using BDD anode: a kinetic, energetic and degradation pathway study Efficiency of a new pilot scale continuous reactor for wastewater treatment by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes: influence of operating conditions and focus on hydrodynamics Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes combined with a biological treatment for wastewater treatment: a deep understanding on the influence of operating conditions and global efficiency". Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2045.

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Les procédés électrochimiques d'oxydation avancée constituent une technologie efficace pour traiter les produits pharmaceutiques car ils permettent la formation d'oxydants puissants tels que les radicaux hydroxyles capables d'éliminer presque tout type de contaminants organiques grâce à leur très haut pouvoir oxydant. Parmi eux, l’électro-Fenton et l’oxydation anodique sont des méthodes respectueuses de l'environnement car ils n'utilisent aucun réactif chimique (oxydation anodique) ou uniquement l'oxygène de l'air et des ions fer en tant que catalyseur (électro-Fenton).Dans cette thèse, quatre produits pharmaceutiques appartenant à des familles différentes ont été sélectionnés en fonction de leur toxicité et de leur présence dans les eaux de l'environnement. Leur élimination de l'eau a été effectuée par électro-Fenton. Les objectifs de ce travail étaient de déterminer (i) les meilleures conditions opératoires à l’échelle du laboratoire (courant et concentration du catalyseur), (ii) la cinétique de dégradation et de minéralisation et enfin (iii) de proposer une voie de minéralisation basée sur des intermédiaires aromatiques, des acides carboxyliques et des ions libérés dans la solution.Comme ces traitements ont été appliqués avec succès, un réacteur pilote composé alternativement d'anodes en BDD et de cathodes en feutre de carbone, doté d’un système d'aération et fonctionnant en mode continu a été construit pour évaluer la faisabilité d’un changement d’échelle et se diriger vers une pré-industrialisation du procédé. Différentes configurations d'électrodes ont été testées. Le débit et le courant se sont avérés être plus influents sur le taux de minéralisation et sur la consommation d'énergie, respectivement. Pour mieux comprendre le rôle du débit et des configurations, une étude hydrodynamique a été réalisée. Le modèle hydrodynamique a été associé à un modèle cinétique de minéralisation afin d'obtenir un modèle permettant de prédire le pourcentage de minéralisation à différentes positions à l'intérieur du réacteur en régime permanent. Ainsi, ce modèle peut aider à optimiser les conditions opératoires et à dimensionner les futurs réacteurs en fonction de l’objectif de minéralisation du traitement (taux de minéralisation élevé, traitement combiné, flux élevé,…).Afin de réduire les coûts opératoires, la combinaison d’un procédé électrochimique et d’un traitement biologique a ensuite été étudiée. Afin d’obtenir un traitement combiné efficace, il a été constaté que le traitement électrochimique devait (i) dégrader l'hydrochlorothiazide (ii) réduire de manière significative la concentration de ses intermédiaires aromatiques car ils inhibent de manière significative l'activité bactérienne, (iii) favoriser la formation de molécules biodégradables telles que les acides carboxyliques. La biodégradation de quatre acides carboxyliques formés lors du traitement par électro-Fenton de l'hydrochlorothiazide a également été étudiée. Il a été démontré qu'ils étaient dégradés de manière séquentielle avec différentes phases de latence et cinétiques de dégradation. Ainsi, pour les minéraliser, un réacteur de type «piston» est recommandé. La combinaison de traitement a ensuite été appliquée à un traitement électrochimique effectué à faible courant avec une anode en BDD et une anode en Platine. Un degré de minéralisation de 38 et 50% a été obtenu par le traitement biologique permettant d'atteindre un taux de minéralisation global de 66 et 85% avec les anodes en BDD et Platine respectivement. Ainsi, cette combinaison de traitement a été un succès, un changement d’échelle du procédé peut alors être envisagé
Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) constitute an efficient technology to treat the pharmaceuticals as they allow the formation of strong oxidants such as hydroxyl radicals able to remove nearly any type of organic contaminants thanks to their very high oxidation power. Among them the electro-Fenton and anodic oxidation processes are environmentally friendly methods as they use no chemical reagent (anodic oxidation) or only oxygen of air and iron ions as a catalyst (electro-Fenton).In this thesis, four pharmaceuticals from different families and structures were selected based on their toxicity and their occurrence in environmental waters and their removal from water was performed by EAOPs. The objectives of this work were to determine the best operating conditions at lab scale (current and catalyst concentration), investigate the kinetic of degradation and mineralization and finally propose a mineralization pathway based on aromatic intermediates, carboxylic acids and ions released to the solution.As these treatments were successfully applied, a lab scale pilot reactor composed alternately of BDD anodes and carbon felt cathodes with a bottom aeration system and working in the continuous mode was built to scale-up these processes in order to pre-industrialize them. Different configurations of electrodes were tested. The flow rate and the current were found to be more influent on the mineralization rate and on the energy consumption, respectively. To deeper understand the role of the flow rate and the configurations a hydrodynamic study was performed. The hydrodynamic results were gathered with a kinetic model for the mineralization to obtain a model predicting the percentage of mineralization at different position inside the reactor during the steady state. Thus, this model can help to optimize the operating conditions and to size future reactors depending on the mineralization objective of the treatment (high mineralization rate, combined treatment, high flow, …).To reduce operating cost, the combination of an electrochemical process and a biological treatment was then investigated. In this frame, it was found that electrochemical treatment can (i) degrade the hydrochlorothiazide (ii) reduce significantly the concentration of its aromatic intermediates as they were shown to significantly inhibit the bacterial activity, (iii) promote the formation of biodegradable molecules such as carboxylic acids. The biodegradation of four carboxylic acids formed during the electro-Fenton treatment of the hydrochlorothiazide at lab scale was also studied. It was demonstrated that they were sequentially degraded with different lag phases and kinetics of degradation. Thus to mineralize them, a “plug flow” type reactor is recommended. The combination of treatment was then applied with an electrochemical treatment performed at low current with a BDD anode and a Platine anode. A mineralization degree of 38% and 50% were obtained by the biological treatment enabling to globally reach a mineralization rate of 66% and 85% with the BDD and the Platine anodes respectively. Thus this combined treatment was successful and open the way for the scale-up of these processes

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Li, Ying-Chen, i 李映錞. "Cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit analysis on a pilot primary nursing program in Taiwan". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39815344417118144290.

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碩士
中國醫藥大學
醫務管理學研究所碩士班
95
Research this three different hospital of level carry on the whole responsibility is it look after way run the plan as an experiment to attend to separately in Israel, and then separately to with look after way is it analyse, implement with inference the whole responsibility attend to manpower cost saved and is it is it look after quality have person who popularize their to attend to to promote to go on, and probe into different ways of looking after from cost analysis and really have different value to popularize. Through is it assess result show, with is it look after by 1 waiter responsible for looking after 4 sick beds to order at one time only but speech to analyse, its social total benefit and social total cost are relatively lower than one and look after benefit and cost that a waiter is responsible for looking after 2 sick beds, higher than one and look after benefit and cost that a waiter is responsible for looking after 6 sick beds, is it protect expenditure to good for all, is it protect office must pay the wages expenses of 1,080 million yuan every month to good for, a difference of its benefit of every month is 298 million yuan, originally in benefit than for 1.275,whose name is order not looking after there aren''t waiter each at one time only, Ben Yi than supreme scheme too, so three different to look after the most efficient scheme among the manpower, but must good for office of protecting the expenditure of 1,080 million yuan of every month, equivalent to the people of Taiwan, must pay 48.63 yuan and strong in premium more for each person every month, this scheme is feasible, would like to pay 58.97 yuan and strong in premium to support this policy more for each person every month because of the people of Taiwan. But because different to look after scheme their benefit copy of manpower difference to on the occasion of, Ben Yi than greater than 1, a feasible policy, so the whole responsibility attends to the push that is planned in other words, it is the medical treatment of Taiwan that looks after the medical service item that quality can be worth promoting in a more cost-effective manner. If medical policy to pay expenses is it is it protect to good for to included in the plan? One pair of ranges, people then like pay is it assuare expenses is it implement the whole responsibility attend to and plan the necessary cost to higher than to good for, promote the whole responsibility to attend to the activity of looking after, it will be the resource distribution that a government unit, insurer, people, medical personnel''s each side benefitted together, when resource distribution can make each side benefit and not have either party''s loss, much efficiency of Palestinian thunder defined on already according with economy and studying the science Pareto efficiency Meaning of resource distribution. So '' the whole responsibility attend to '' replace relative leave institute system, is it construct the whole responsibility attend to and look after planning to offer omni-directional medical treatment to look after quality to build with a perfect one, have become gram at present and has not allowed slow important work.

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Correia, Tiago Alexandre de Sousa. "Tap Portugal : projecto-piloto low pricing". Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/4092.

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JEL Classification System: M31 - Marketing; M - 10 General
No trabalho desenvolvido faz-se uma abordagem ao modelo de negócio das companhias low-cost. Numa primeira fase é explicado o aparecimento deste fenómeno no transporte aéreo, bem como a conjuntura económica e legal que contribuiu para a sua origem. É efectuada uma análise à estratégia comercial seguida pelas low-cost e à forma como estas sustentam o seu negócio. São igualmente descritas as consequências da sua entrada no mercado e o modo como as companhias tradicionais reagiram a este novo tipo de concorrência. O tema da procura no transporte aéreo é também abordado, através do estudo de diferentes graus de elasticidade Procura-Preço. Na sequência da análise inicial, é seleccionada uma rota da TAP com um elevado nível de concorrência low-cost e com uma quota de mercado em sentido decrescente. Para essa rota, é efectuada uma análise externa para compreender a evolução do mercado e obter um melhor conhecimento dos vários concorrentes. Posteriormente, é desenvolvida a uma análise interna, a partir da qual é possível tirar elações acerca da performance da TAP na linha, nos últimos três anos. Por fim, é descrita a implementação de um projecto que pretende constituir uma alternativa concorrencial às companhias low-cost a operar na rota seleccionada. Este trabalho visa o aumento do número de passageiros transportados pela TAP, através da definição de um tarifário mais competitivo e da redução da estrutura de custos da operação. O objectivo final é melhorar os níveis de ocupação dos aviões e aumentar a quota de mercado da companhia na rota.
In developing this paper, an approach was made to the business models of low-cost carriers. Firstly, the appearance of this transport phenomenon is explained as well as the economical and legal circumstances that made it possible. An analysis is made on the commercial strategy followed by the low-cost carriers and how these airlines are able to support their businesses. The paper also looks into the consequences of these companies entering the market and the way in which regular carriers reacted to this new type of competition. The topic of the demand for air transport is also approached, through the study of different levels of Price Elasticity of Demand. In the initial process, a TAP route was selected which had a high level of low-cost competition and with a downward tendency in its market share. For that route, an external analysis was made so as to understand the market evolution and also to better understand the various competitors. Afterwards, an internal analysis was made, from which it is possible to commend TAP’s performance in the last three years. Finally, a description is given for the implementation of a project that proposes for TAP a competitive alternative to the low-cost carriers operating in the chosen route. Through the definition of lower prices and a reduction in the structural costs, the project intends to increase the number of passengers transported by TAP on this route. The final aim of this paper is to better the levels of occupation and also increase the market share.

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Fujiwara, Joel Dennis. "The effectiveness of United States Coast Guard participation in the Department of Transportation 8 (a)--pilot program". Thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/22761.

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Monteiro, Silvia Raquel da Silva. "Population ecology of long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas) off the Western coast of the Iberian Peninsula". Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/34429.

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Tese de doutoramento em Ciências (ramo de conhecimento em Biologia)
This study focused mainly on providing information about the ecological and genetic characteristics of Iong-finned pilot whales (Globicephala meias) from the Western coast of the Iberian Peninsula, as weli as the determining the habitat preferences of this species, in that region. Additionally, the inclusion of samples from other regions ied to the investigation ofthe occurrence of population structure within the North Atiantic. Firstly, stomach contents and fatty acid analyses were used, to assess the dietary preferences and understand the influence of geographical and biological factors in the dietary ecoiogy of G. meias. Stomach contents results confirmed pilot whaies as mainly teuthophagous species and showed that Iberian whales had a more diverse diet, dominated by Octopodidae species, in comparison to the predominance of Ommastrephids in Scotland. The analysis of prey fatty acids, in the presnt study, also indicated that, although not conclusive, there is some evidence that iberian whales are feeding on octopods. Both stomach contents and fatty acid analyses reveaied the occurrence of significant geographical differences between animais from different regions of the North Atlantic (iberia, Scotland and USA). These results may be a consequence of the ingestion of different types of prey based on prey preference/availability or due to the exploitation of different feeding niches/habitats in the study areas, which suggest the possibiiity of the occurrence of different ecological groups with specific foraging habits in the North Atiantic. There were also biological influences on the dietary ecology of G. meias, particularly evident in the stomach contents analysis, where significant differences in the main prey consumed were associated with the Iength and sex of the animal. However, no significant differences occurred in the fatty acid profiles offemale/maie or mature/immature piiot whales. Secondly, the genetic population diversity and divergence of G. meias from six regions in the North Atlantic and adjacent waters were investigated, based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and MHC DRA and DOB loci. Both mtDNA and MHC diversities were comparabie to other abundant widespread cetaceans. Pairwise estimates of genetic differentiation (FST) indicated the occurrence of genetic structure at both regional and oceanic scaies at mtDNA, while MHC suggested that Iberian whaies represent a genetically differentiated group. Population structuring reveaied by mtDNA couid be reiated to the social structure presented by this species, associated with high leveis of female phylopatry. For the MHC loci, aithough the occurrence of historical balancing selection appeared to have an important role in shaping population diversity, the spatiai patterns of extnt diversity across the North Atlantic could be attributable to local selection pressures for specific pathogens/parasites or patterns of gene fiow and/or drift. Therefore, the combination of the results from ecological tracers (i.e. fatty acids, stomach contents) and genetic markers into a multi-tracer approach reveaied the occurrence of segregation oflong-finned piiot whaies from the different regions ofthe North Atlantic anaiysed. Furthermore, the resuits obtained in this thesis consistently show G. meias from the Western Iberian Peninsula as a potential different group within the North Atlantic, based on genetic (mtDNA and MHC) and trophi((stomach contents and fatty acids) analyses. Finally, since the identification of habitat preferences and suitable habitats within a species range has been defined as a priority for effective conservation and management, habitat modeling techniques (presence-only modeis, .i.e. PCA and Maxent) were used to determine piiot whales habitat preferences and suitabiiity in Atlantic Iberia, based on six ecogeographic variabies. Both methodologies identified depth and SST gradient as the most important variables for the ecological niche of pilot whales. SST was aiso an important variabie defined by PCA, aithough Maxent modei inciuded it as a variabie of minor importance. Higher habitat suitabiiity occurred in locations with shailower waters, higher values of SST gradient (aithough PCA, based on a shorter temporal scale, showed the opposite result for SST gradient) and SST values between 15 and 17°C. These resuits may indicate that pilot whales undertake incursions into coastal waters which may be related with a high concentration of Octopodidae spawners in these areas, in the upwelling season. However, it also highlights the importance of thinking carefully about the meaning of findings at different temporal scales, as weli as demonstrating the importance of using a fine temporal scale, in marine environments. The main results of this study contribute to the basic knowledge of this cetacean species, necessary for the determination of its conservation status and the identification of potential conservation concerns. In this context one ofthe key findings is the good evidence for existence of a separate Iberian population, which might be considered as a management unit for conservation purposes.
Este estudo focou-se na obtenção de informação sobre as características ecológicas e genéticas de Baleia-piloto (Globicephaia meias), bem como na determinação das preferências de habitat desta espécie, na Costa Oeste da Península Ibérica. Adicionalmente, foi também investigada a ocorrência de estrutura populacional no Atlântico Norte. Inicialmente, foram analisados conteúdos estomacais e ácidos gordos para determinar as preferências dietéticas e investigar a influência de factores geográficos e biológicos na ecologia trófica de G. meias. A análise de conteúdos estomacais confirma esta espécie como maioritariamente teutófaga, com as baleias Ibéricas a apresentarem uma dieta mais variada e dominada por Octopodidae, comparativamente com a predominância de Omastrephidae, na Escócia. A análise dos ácidos gordos de presas, no presente estudo, também sugere a possível ingestão de polvos por parte das bales que ocorrem na Península Ibérica. Os resultados dos conteúdos estomacais e dos perfis de ácidos gordos sugerem a ocorrência de diferenças geográficas significativas entre animais de diferentes regiões do Atlântico Norte (Península Ibérica, Escócia e EUA). Estas diferenças poderão resultar da ingestão de diferentes espécies-presa, consoante a preferência ou disponibilidade de presas ou da exploração de diferentes nichos/habitats na área de estudo, o que sugere a ocorrência de diferentes grupos ecológicos, com hábitos alimentares específicos no Atlântico Norte. Foram também observadas influências biológicas na ecologia alimentar de G. meias, principalmente ao nível dos conteúdos estomacais, onde a abundância das principais presas é significativamente influenciada pelo tamanho e sexo do predador. O mesmo não se verificou ao nível dos ácidos gordos, onde não ocorreram diferenças significativas entre machos/fêmeas ou entre animais imaturos/maturos. Em seguida, foram investigadas a diversidade genética e a estruturação populacional de G. meias de seis regiões do Atlântico Norte e águas adjacentes, baseados em AM mitocondrial (mtADN) e marcadores de MHC. A diversidade genética ao nível do mtADN e do MHC apresentou valores comparáveis com outras espécies de cetáceos. As estimativas de diferenciação genética (FST) indicam a ocorrência de estrutura populacional a escalas regionais e oceânicas para o mtADN, enquanto o MHC sugere as baleias da Península Ibérica como uma população geneticamente distinta. A estrutura populacional revelada pelo mtADN poderá estar relacionada com a estrutura social apresentada por esta espécie, com elevados níveis de filopatria feminina. Relativamente ao MHC, apesar de historicamente a selecção aparentar ser determinante para a diversidade genética, a estruturação espacial dessa mesma diversidade poderá ser atribuida a pressões selectivas locais por agentes patogénicos/parasitas específicos ou devido a padrões de fluxo e/ou deriva genética. Assim, a combinação de marcadores ecológicos e genéticos revelou a ocorrência de segregação de Baleias-piloto de diferentes regiões do Atlântico Norte. Adicionalmente, os resultados desta tese consistentemente sugeriram que as G. me/as da costa Oeste da P. Ibérica representam um grupo distinto no Atlântico Norte, baseado tanto em análises genéticas como tróficas. Por último, técnicas de modelação de haitat foram utilizadas (métodos de presença, PCA e Maxent) para determinar as características ambientais e os habitats favoráveis à ocorrência de Baleias-piloto na Costa Atlântica da Península Ibérica, tendo por base seis variáveis ambientais. Ambas as metodologias identificaram profundidade e gradiente de temperatura superficial da água (GrSST) como as variáveis que mais influenciaram a distribuição das baleias. A temperatura superficial da água (SST) foi também considerada uma variável importante pelo PCA, no entanto no modelo do Maxent foi incluída como uma variável de menor importância. As condições de habitat mais favoráveis para as baleias ocorreram em locais com águas menos profundas, valores elevados de GrSST (apesar de a utilização de uma escala temporal mais fina no PCA mostrar um resultado oposto para esta variável) e valores de SST entre 15 e 17°C. Estes resultados sugerem que as Baleias-piloto poderão realizar migrações para águas costeiras devido, provavelmente, à elevada concentração de indivíduos reprodutores de Octopodidae nessas águas, na época de afloramento. No entanto, também evidenciam a importância de uma cautelosa interpretação de resultados provenientes de diferentes escalas temporais e da utilização de escalas temporais finas, em ambientes marinhos. Os resultados do presente estudo contribuem para o conhecimento desta espécie, necessário para a determinação do seu estado de conservação e identificação de potenciais problemas de conservação. Dentro deste contexto, um dos principais resultados obtidos é a evidência da ocorrência de uma população distinta de G. meias na Península Ibérica, o que poderá constituir uma unidade de gestão independente, para fins de conservação.
Financial support for this investigation (SFRH/BD38735/2007, FCT and FSE - EU´s Third Community Support Framework) was received from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia e Ensino Superior. Financial support for part of the field work was received by SafaSea Project (Project 0039), supported by Iceland, Lichenstein and Norway through the EEA Financial Mechanism and by the MarPro (Project LIFE09 NAT/PT/000038), supported by a grant from Life+.

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34

McKay, Michael Andrew. "A cost-utility analysis of liver resection for malignant tumours: a pilot project". Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/206.

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This is a prospective, non-randomized pilot study comparing the cost-utility of hepatic resection, radiofrequency ablation (RFA), systemic chemotherapy, and symptom control only for the treatment of colorectal liver metastases. Seven patients underwent hepatic resection, 7 underwent RFA, 20 received chemotherapy, and 6 received symptom control alone. Liver resection provided an average of 2.51 QALY’s compared to 1.99 QALY’s for RFA, and 1.18 QALY’s for chemotherapy, and 0.82 QALY’s for symptom control alone. The costs were $20,122, $ 15,845, $15,069, and $3,899, respectively. The cost-utilities of liver resection and RFA were similar at $8,027 and $7,965 per QALY, respectively, although patients receiving RFA generally had more advanced disease. The cost-utility of chemotherapy was $12,751/QALY and the cost-utility of symptom control alone was $4,788/QALY. RFA is still a relatively new. However, if long-term survival proves promising, it may prove to be a viable alternative to liver resection.
May 2006

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Lee, Ming-Chun, i 李明純. "A pilot study of nursing care cost system integrated diagnosis and resources utilization". Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48303207184039178777.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
醫療機構管理研究所
92
With the continuously changing of medical industrial environment, hospitals in Taiwan face more and more fierce competition. Cost control and quality enhancement become the key factors in organization’s survival, especially when the global budget mechanism has been implemented. However, one of the major functions of hospitals is to provide inpatient services, which consume most of hospital resources. Understanding the resources utilization of hospitalization department will facilitate hospital to extend viability. In the process of providing patient care, nursing care plays a vital role as well as medical care, examination, and operation do. Nursing cost analysis therefore becomes an essential part of cost management. Thus, the purpose of this research is to develop a prototypical model of nursing care cost analysis which integrates diagnosis, patient day in order of stay, and resources utilization. Moreover, we wish to provide the useful information for nurse managers and support them to perform cost management efficiently. The study adopts the concept of multiple dimensional classification model presented by Fischer (1998). In our model, we classify patient days into several groups by different dimensions and establish a patient day classification matrix. The establishing process was divided into three stages: 1. Develop resource consumption patterns for individual nursing care activities. 2. Establish patient day classification system and nursing care costing model. 3. Validate the nursing care costing model by the second set of data. The data of cost and nursing care activities collected form five sample wards each patient day in a certain medical center from February to April in 2003 are analyzed in this study. We use 18 diagnoses and 132 patient day types from 2,884 patient days to build the final model. The results of this research are as follows. When we classified the patient days into groups by these two dimensions of diagnosis and patient stay process, different resources utilization patterns are found. Each patient day can be classified into 16 clusters based on their resources utilization patterns. The overall estimation error is -0.34%. Comparing with earlier researches, predictability of our model is superior. Through this study, it can be concluded that the nursing care costing model integrated diagnosis, patient day in order of stay, and resource utilization is applicable. Moreover, it can provide valuable information for nurse managers from the combining of case-mix not only for short- term cost control and nurse staffing but also for long-term human resource planning to meet the various management needs.

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Hung, Kuan-Yu, i 洪冠予. "Cost Analysis of Hospital Incidents:a Pilot Study in a Medical Center in Taiwan". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71732724996321156891.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
財務金融組
101
Background: Incident report system and patient safety culture have gained its importance in maintaining patient safety in modern hospital. In Taiwan, only limited studies evaluated this issue. And to date, there is absence of report studying cost analysis and service cost of hospital facilities managing incident reports. Objectives: The aim of this work is to determine the incidence of adverse events (AE) in patients admitted in a medical center in Taiwan. We also tried to identify average cost and length of stay (LOS) related to different types of AE. The service cost of hospital facilities managing AE was also studied. Design: a 3-year (2010-2012) retrospectively, cohort study Main Outcome Measures: Cost, LOS of each types of AE Results: During the designated timeframe (2010-2013), a total of 246,557 inpatients were enrolled, of which 1,759 (0.71%) experienced AE. During 2010-2012, the incidence of volunteer reports was increased from 3.57% to 4.0%. After cohort-matching of department and patient age, the increased average cost per AE was mostly 115,018 to 584,262 NT dollars (around 3,800~19,000 USD). Patients with AE had an increased LOS of 23.6 to 25.7 days for different kinds of AE. In-hospital facilities managing AE did not result in major cost savings in the indicated hospital during this study period. However, some common and major types of AE, such as fallen or surgery-related AEs, were stabilized during study period. Conclusion: AEs are associated with more costs and longer LOS for inpatients. Our work provides important information regarding cost and LOS parameters for various types of AE. This work can serve as a pilot study for further prospective, multi-center surveys for issues of AE and for measuring cost-effectiveness of managing AE.

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Kuehnle, Renee. "Pilot Project: Adaptive Strategies for Sustainable Rural Development". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/7886.

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The outport is in the midst of great change. Twenty years since the moratorium on cod fishing, the province of Newfoundland and Labrador is experiencing rapid economic development in another industrial resource boom. While some outports are growing, others continue to decline. This development is based on wealth gained through exploitation of non-renewable resources, and as such, is not sustainable. Investing a portion of these short-term gains into the development of sustainable alternates will improve opportunities and resources for future generations. Pilot Project proposes that latent outport phenomena may act as supporting structures for sustainable development. The project suggests methods of identifying and expanding sustainable outport phenomena. This analysis can be distilled into five strategic tools for testing, designing and implementing sustainable rural development. 1. Territorial Networks defines a diverse region, increasing individual community capacity and developing resilience by examining existing micro-regional community connections and designing new ones. 2. Community Stewardship encourages a re-organization of local social structures and informal governance initiatives by defining communication pathways and aligning stakeholder interests. 3. Temporal Alignment co-ordinates the events, services and opportunities over time, between communities, by creating flexible infrastructure for supporting temporary and seasonal outport needs. 4. Informal Economies develops new modes of production by blending traditional trade and barter markets with industrial production frameworks, providing economic sustenance in the outport. 5. Place-making constructs new institutions and landmarks with available resources, reorganizing the rural web of social, economic and ecological activity in the region. Newfoundland operates at the extremes. On one hand, rural folk culture has established small-scale, informal community structures; on the other, industrial mega-projects develop according to strict legislation, market pricing, and resource extraction. The proposed strategies find new links between these extremes. Tried and true vernacular development methods are paired with newly emerging technologies and ideas about the future. Rural areas in Newfoundland have historically been used as testing grounds for heavy-handed development ideas, often with severely adverse effects on communities. This project proposes a series of micro developments: the mobilization of existing resources with small capital investment, little risk, and immediate opportunities for implementation. Sustainable rural development is conceived as a practice, an aggregative change from within the community.

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Yuan, Hsu Chi, i 徐琦媛. "The Study and Implementation of Working-Hour and cost Estimation System for Power Supply Pilot Run". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49197264709739743617.

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碩士
聖約翰科技大學
自動化及機電整合研究所
96
ABSTRACT For a product at mass production stage, the standard working-hour is set up in advance. However, the actual working-hour may not be equal to the standard working-hour. In addition, so far in the product sample development stage, PVT (Prototype Verification Test), EVT(Engineerings Verification Test) and DVT (Design Verification Test ) are not considered for defining working hours. This research applied the methodology of Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) with practical cases in the past to estimate working-hour and cost of the products. The estimation system of working-hour and cost was constructed based on power supply products. The system can be applied to various product models flexibly to obtain their working-hours and cost in total. When gathering required information for the system, our considerations including production line setup, part assembly process, but excluding uncertain factors suchas different skill levels of workers, special assembly process for parts, reworking for the reason of engineering changes, etc. Based on the considerations, we derive several mathematical equations to model the estimation system of working-hour and cost. Finally, we implemented the model by applying Excel and Access tools. The system can be used as references for product development, production line scheduling, budget preparation, etc. Furthermore, the results from the estimation system were compared with the actual process to analyze exceptional situations and their working-hours. Keyword: Working-Hour estimation, Product Cost estimation, Power Supply, Case-Based Reasoning (CBR).

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39

Wang, Chi-LI, i 王淇俐. "An Early Cost Effectiveness Analysis On the Pay-For-Performance Pilot Project of Breast Cancer In Southern Taiwan". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/w3unwa.

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碩士
長榮大學
醫務管理學研究所
96
Background: Women’s health issues, whether related to medical care or prevention, have attracted great attention all over the world. In Taiwan, the mortality rate of breast cancer has been higher than cervical cancer since 1999, and ranks the fourth in women cancer mortalities, next to lung cancer, liver cancer, and colon or rectum cancer. The Bureau of National Health Insurance has implemented a Payment-For-Performance pilot project for the care of cervical cancer, pulmonary tuberculosis, diabetes, asthma and breast cancer since October 2001. . Purpose: The author holds an assumption of the Payment-for-performance System enhances the quality of medical treatment and the control over cost management in institutions. The research question of this study is if the tentative project of breast cancer can enhance the quality and reduce the cost of medical treatment? Meanwhile, this study also investigates and analyses the cost and the effect of medical treatment in this tentative project of breast cancer. Method: A comparison between an experimental group (a medical center involved in this tentative project of breast cancer) and a control group (a medical center not involved in this tentative project of breast cancer) is conducted by analyses of the cost of medical treatment(characteristics of using medical treatment and important items of medical treatment, such as chemical, radiological, and surgical treatment) and the effect (death rate) in the former year (the year of 2001) and the next year (the year of 2003) of this tentative project being conducted. Result:From the perspective of the characteristics of using medical treatment, the number of outpatient visits decreases（t=15.15，p=0.000）and the cost does decrease in the experimental groups. At the same time, the control group remains the same in the numbers of either outpatient or inpatient visits. From the perspective of important items of medical treatment, the experimental group prefers radiological treatment（t=-8.536，p=0.000）and the control group prefers chemical treatment（t=-8.536，p=0.000）. From the perspective of the cost of medical treatment, the experimental group spends more in chemical treatment（t=5.172，p=0.000）, and less in radiological treatment（t=-20.67，p=0.000）than the control group does. Two groups do not reveal any difference of the death rate. Conclusion: The experimental group reveals a decrease of the number of outpatient visits and chemical treatment, but does not reveal a decrease in the cost of medical treatment when comparing before and after participating in this tentative project of breast cancer. The experimental group reveals less cost in the radiological treatment and remains the same in other types of medical treatment when compared to the control group. Also, these two groups show no differences in death rate. Also, it reveals no significant differences between these two groups in terms of the real cost of patients’ medical treatment and the fee application of medical treatment from the Bureau of National Health Insurance. Breast cancer patients in the experimental group have a higher average of day number for seeking medical treatment before the conduction of this tentative project and than the patients’ in the control group. This may cause a higher cost of medical treatment. A higher average of day number in seeking medical treatment may indicate more severity of patients and more cost in medical treatment. The information about the phases of patients’ breast cancer should be investigated in future studies.

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40

HU, CHOU, i 周. 虎. "A Case Study on the Relationship among Leisure Activity Participation Attitude, Leisure Constraints, and Job Stress of Fighter Pilots in an East Cost Air Base, Taiwan". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85g6yv.

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碩士
國立臺東大學
進修部運動休閒管理碩(假日)
96
A Case Study on the Relationship among Leisure Activity Participation Attitude, Leisure Constraints, and Job Stress of Fighter Pilots in an East Cost Air Base, Taiwan Abstract This correlational study examined the relationship among leisure attitude, leisure constraints, leisure activity participation, and job stress of fighter pilots. The questionnaire investigation method, stratified random sampling, was adopted and a total of 130 questionnaires were used to elicit information from the population of fighter pilots in an east cost air base, Taiwan, with 114 valid samples responded. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS 12.0. The statistical approaches involved descriptive statistics, T test, one way ANOVA, Pearson

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41

Murphy, Brian. "Cost shifting in health care : a pilot study explores the relationships between cost shifting, repetitive strain injury, the Workplace Safety and Insurance Board of Ontario, and publicly funded health care /". 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pMQ82946.

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42

Kok, Chin-Yee, i 郭沁怡. "Cost-effectiveness analysis of antiemetic regimen containing aprepitant as first-line prophylaxis for high dose cisplatin-based chemotherapy induced emesis, a pilot study". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28584728685194528032.

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43

Wright, Brian Bradley. "A review of lessons learned to inform capacity-building for sustainable nature-based tourism development in the European Union funded "Support to the Wild Coast Spatial Development Initiative Pilot Programme /". 2005. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/499/.

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44

McLoughlin, K., J. Rhatigan, S. McGilloway, Allan Kellehear, M. Lucey, F. Twomey, M. Conroy i in. "INSPIRE (INvestigating Social and PractIcal suppoRts at the End of life): Pilot randomised trial of a community social and practical support intervention for adults with life-limiting illness". 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/9267.

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Yes
BACKGROUND: For most people, home is the preferred place of care and death. Despite the development of specialist palliative care and primary care models of community based service delivery, people who are dying, and their families/carers, can experience isolation, feel excluded from social circles and distanced from their communities. Loneliness and social isolation can have a detrimental impact on both health and quality of life. Internationally, models of social and practical support at the end of life are gaining momentum as a result of the Compassionate Communities movement. These models have not yet been subjected to rigorous evaluation. The aims of the study described in this protocol are: (1) to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability and potential effectiveness of The Good Neighbour Partnership (GNP), a new volunteer-led model of social and practical care/support for community dwelling adults in Ireland who are living with advanced life-limiting illness; and (2) to pilot the method for a Phase III Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT). DESIGN: The INSPIRE study will be conducted within the Medical Research Council (MRC) Framework for the Evaluation of Complex Interventions (Phases 0-2) and includes an exploratory two-arm delayed intervention randomised controlled trial. Eighty patients and/or their carers will be randomly allocated to one of two groups: (I) Intervention: GNP in addition to standard care or (II) Control: Standard Care. Recipients of the GNP will be asked for their views on participating in both the study and the intervention. Quantitative and qualitative data will be gathered from both groups over eight weeks through face-to-face interviews which will be conducted before, during and after the intervention. The primary outcome is the effect of the intervention on social and practical need. Secondary outcomes are quality of life, loneliness, social support, social capital, unscheduled health service utilisation, caregiver burden, adverse impacts, and satisfaction with intervention. Volunteers engaged in the GNP will also be assessed in terms of their death anxiety, death self efficacy, self-reported knowledge and confidence with eleven skills considered necessary to be effective GNP volunteers. DISCUSSION: The INSPIRE study addresses an important knowledge gap, providing evidence on the efficacy, utility and acceptability of a unique model of social and practical support for people living at home, with advanced life-limiting illness. The findings will be important in informing the development (and evaluation) of similar service models and policy elsewhere both nationally and internationally. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN18400594 18(th) February 2015.

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45

Theunissen, K., C. Hoebe, G. Kok, R. Crutzen, Chakib Kara-Zaitri, Vries N. de, Bergen J. van, R. Hamilton, der Sande M. van i N. Dukers-Muijrers. "A Web-Based Respondent Driven Sampling Pilot Targeting Young People at Risk for Chlamydia Trachomatis in Social and Sexual Networks with Testing: A Use Evaluation". 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/9233.

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Yes
With the aim of targeting high-risk hidden heterosexual young people for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) testing, an innovative web-based screening strategy using Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS) and home-based CT testing, was developed, piloted and evaluated. Two STI clinic nurses encouraged 37 CT positive heterosexual young people (aged 16-25 years), called index clients, to recruit peers from their social and sexual networks using the web-based screening strategy. Eligible peers (young, living in the study area) could request a home-based CT test and recruit other peers. Twelve (40%) index clients recruited 35 peers. Two of these peers recruited other peers (n = 7). In total, 35 recruited peers were eligible for participation; ten of them (29%) requested a test and eight tested. Seven tested for the first time and one (13%) was positive. Most peers were female friends (80%). Nurses were positive about using the strategy. The screening strategy is feasible for targeting the hidden social network. However, uptake among men and recruitment of sex-partners is low and RDS stopped early. Future studies are needed to explore the sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and impact of strategies that target people at risk who are not effectively reached by regular health care.

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Harding, K., J. Posnett i Kath Vowden. "A new methodology for costing wound care". 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/9781.

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No
Increasing pressure on health care budgets highlights the need for clinicians to understand the true costs of wound care, in order to be able to defend services against indiscriminate cost cutting. Our aim was to develop and test a straightforward method of measuring treatment costs, which is feasible in routine practice. The method was tested in a prospective study of leg ulcer patients attending three specialist clinics in the UK. A set of ulcer-related health state descriptors were defined on the basis that they represented distinct and clinically relevant descriptions of wound condition ['healed', 'progressing'; 'static''deteriorating; 'severe' (ulcer with serious complications)]. A standardised data-collection instrument was used to record information for all patients attending the clinic during the study period regarding (i) the health state of the ulcer; (ii) treatment received during the clinic visit and (iii) treatment planned between clinic visits. Information on resource use was used to estimate weekly treatment costs by ulcer state. Information was collected at 827 independent weekly observations from the three study centres. Treatment costs increased markedly with ulcer severity: an ulcer which was 'deteriorating' or 'severe' cost between twice and six times as much per week as an ulcer which was progressing normally towards healing. Higher costs were driven primarily by more frequent clinic visits and by the costs of hospitalisation for ulcers with severe complications. This exercise has demonstrated that the proposed methodology is easy to apply, and produces information which is of value in monitoring healing and in potentially reducing treatment costs.

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