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1
Zhilisbayeva, Raushan, Nataliya Mokeeva i Zulhair Mansurov. "Peculiarities of Kinetics of New Fire Proof Fabrics Thermal Breakdown". Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (wrzesień 2011): 2079–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.2079.
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According to theoretical consideration of metallurgists’ protective clothes reliability increase problem all the major questions, connected with obtaining of new kinds of composite materials and their properties regulated by special requirements, were experimentally studied. There is suggested a formation of new fireproofed fabrics, which have high protective properties to the melted drops of metal, injuring the special cloth of the metallurgist.
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Miedzińska, Danuta, i Robert Wolański. "Review of fibers and fabrics used for special services’ protective clothing in terms of their mechanical and thermal properties". Bulletin of the Military University of Technology 71, nr 1 (31.03.2022): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.1379.
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In the paper, special clothing is understood as protective clothing used by services, in particular fire services, but also military and police, working in fire hazard conditions, where the main risk factors for the user are: a high temperature, a contact with hot objects, and a mechanical damage. The presented study deals with the review of special clothing industry and discusses cloths structure for compliance with national and European regulations. The parameters of technical fibers used for production of the above-mentioned clothes used during firefighting in open spaces, made of flame retardant yarns, e.g., aramid yarns or mixtures of flame retardant yarns, were analysed. Keywords: mechanical engineering, fibers, special fabrics, fire resistance, mechanical strength, national and EU standards
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Cherunova, Irina, Elena Yakovleva i Ekaterina Stefanova. "Study of the industrial contaminations containing hydrocarbon components and their effect on correlation of protective properties of textiles for clothes". MATEC Web of Conferences 226 (2018): 02027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822602027.
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The article represents trends and results of world investigations for safety of textile materials for humans and environment. The algorithm for identification of potential influence vector of chemical emissions from textile and the environmentally aimed methods based on the alternative chemical substances for textile wet processing were presented. Using the procedure for oleophobic effect determination, the oil resistance levels of a number of modern fabrics for clothes were established. The experimental research results of the oil products concentration in the textile materials after chemical treatment based on the method of the capillary gas chromatography were presented. It was found out that hydrocarbons from C14H30 Tetradecane to С36Н74 Hexatriacontane are the main components with high level of contaminants concentration. The average values of hydrocarbon concentration on the cleaned up samples for the main areas of the clothe surface were determined. Accumulation of residual contaminations, based on saturated hydrocarbons (С17Н36 – С25Н52 block) and related special-purpose clothes areas, was identified. Recommendations for target-oriented correlation of the clothes protective properties were proposed. UWO (unified work order). The research was made in Don State Technical University within the framework of State Assignment of the Ministry of education and science of Russia under the project 11.9194.2017/BCh.
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Frydrych, Iwona, Semin Güner, M. Şahin Akkaya i Burçak Karagüzel Kayaoğlu. "Design and Development of Denim Fabrics with Improved Strength and Impact Abrasion Resistance for Motorcyclist Clothing". Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 26, nr 1(127) (28.02.2018): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.7797.
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This study aims to design and develop denim fabrics with enhanced mechanical and impact abrasion resistance performance using different materials, yarn types and fabric constructions. It was aimed to reach the standard impact abrasion resistance requirements of motorcycle protective clothing for Level 1 in high impact areas of the body (zones 1 and 2), such as hip and knee areas. The existence of cotton/Cordura® yarn in warp and T400 polyester yarn in the weft and the use of higher yarn densities increased the performance in tensile strength and impact abrasion resistance, compared to a classical cotton denim fabric. The use of coarser yarns and fabrics with a double weave construction increased impact abrasion resistance compared to single layer cloths. The double and backed cloth samples developed with cotton/Cordura® and Kevlar®/polyester yarns in their construction showed impact abrasion resistance times over 4 s and reached the “EN 13595-2:2002 Level 1 abrasion resistance” standard requirement.
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Risteski, Sanja, i Vineta Srebrenkoska. "Appearance of protective clothing over the centuries". Tekstilna industrija 68, nr 4 (2020): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tekstind2004038r.
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In the history of the costume, protective military clothing has a special place. The origins of military clothing go deep into history. Protective clothing defined as protective "cover" clothes is used to protect the body from physical attack. In the in many of the ancient civilization is noticed similarity in the appearance of military clothing, which means that Egyptian, Assyrian, Greek and Roman soldiers are dressed and armed in a similar way. In this paper the protective military clothes over the centuries, starting from Egypt, Babylon and Assyria, Crete and Mycenae, Ancient Greece and Rome, reaching the protective clothing characteristic of the medieval period slowly approaching the contemporary look of protective clothing is being analyzed.
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Levin, Sergei, Gaziz Tufatulin, Inna Koroleva, Viktoriia Vasilyeva i Elena Levina. "ATTENTUATION OF THE OUTPUT SIGNAL BY PROTECTIVE AND FIXING TOOLS FOR HEARING AIDS AND COCHLEAR IMPLANTS". Akustika, VOLUME 41 (2021): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.36336/akustika202141163.
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The aim was to study amount of attenuation of input signal at the hearing aid (HA) or cochlear implant sound processor (SP) microphone by different protective tools or clothes. Materials and methods. The acoustic measurements were conducted in the soundproof cabin using artificial head with HA/SP and different protective tools, which can influence on microphone function. Probe microphone was integrated in the microphone input of SP and connected with HA verification system. Results. The biggest amount of signal attenuation was observed using water-resistant cases for SP. Changes affect the speech spectrum, therefore using such protective tools can lead to decrease of speech intelligibility. Maximum attenuation was 9.36±0.33 dB at 4000 Hz. Non-hermetic membrane protective cases gave maximum attenuation 7.67±0.18 dB (5000 Hz). Clothes which cover head lead to significant change of signal at microphone up to 9.24±0.16 dB mostly at high-frequencies, which less influences on speech intelligibility. The results confirm that clothes and protective tools for HA of SP show significant attenuation of sounds.
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Gambichler, T., A. Bader, A. Avermaete, P. Altmeyer i K. Hoffmann. "Sun-protective clothes: accuracy of laboratory testing". Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 15, nr 4 (lipiec 2001): 371–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-3083.2001.00299-12.x.
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Gambichler, T., A. Bader, A. Avermaete, P. Altmeyer i K. Hoffmann. "Sun-protective clothes: accuracy of laboratory testing". Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 15, nr 4 (lipiec 2001): 371–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0926-9959.2001.00299-12.x.
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Ashour, N. S., i O. K. Ahmed. "Creating Ultraviolet Protective Clothes Using Natural Dyeing". مجلة التصميم الدولية 6, nr 2 (kwiecień 2016): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0036472.
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Kelsey, C. A., i F. A. Mettler. "Flexible protective gloves: the emperor's new clothes?" Radiology 174, nr 1 (styczeń 1990): 275–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.174.1.2104677.
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Ravipati, Priusha, Bice Conti, Enrica Chiesa i Karine Andrieux. "Dermatillomania: Strategies for Developing Protective Biomaterials/Cloth". Pharmaceutics 13, nr 3 (5.03.2021): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13030341.
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Dermatillomania or skin picking disorder (SPD) is a chronic, recurrent, and treatment resistant neuropsychiatric disorder with an underestimated prevalence that has a concerning negative impact on an individual’s health and quality of life. The current treatment strategies focus on behavioral and pharmacological therapies that are not very effective. Thus, the primary objective of this review is to provide an introduction to SPD and discuss its current treatment strategies as well as to propose biomaterial-based physical barrier strategies as a supporting or alternative treatment. To this end, searches were conducted within the PubMed database and Google Scholar, and the results obtained were organized and presented as per the following categories: prevalence, etiology, consequences, diagnostic criteria, and treatment strategies. Furthermore, special attention was provided to alternative treatment strategies and biomaterial-based physical treatment strategies. A total of six products with the potential to be applied as physical barrier strategies in supporting SPD treatment were shortlisted and discussed. The results indicated that SPD is a complex, underestimated, and underemphasized neuropsychiatric disorder that needs heightened attention, especially with regard to its treatment and care. Moreover, the high synergistic potential of biomaterials and nanosystems in this area remains to be explored. Certain strategies that are already being utilized for wound healing can also be further exploited, particularly as far as the prevention of infections is concerned.
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Rodrigues, M., R. S. Nussenzweig, P. Romero i F. Zavala. "The in vivo cytotoxic activity of CD8+ T cell clones correlates with their levels of expression of adhesion molecules." Journal of Experimental Medicine 175, nr 4 (1.04.1992): 895–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.175.4.895.
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CD8+ T cell clones specific for a defined epitope present in the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium yoelii display striking differences in their in vivo antiplasmodial activity. The adoptive transfer of certain clones (YA23 and YA26) into naive mice inhibits by 90% or more the development of liver stages of malaria parasites and protects against malaria infection. The adoptive transfer of two other T cell clones (YB8 and YA15) results, respectively, in partial or no inhibitory activity on parasite development. We found that "protective" and "nonprotective" cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones do not differ in their fine epitope specificity and display similar levels of lysis and DNA degradation of target cells in vitro. Their pattern of production of lymphokines and granule-associated proteins also failed to correlate with their in vivo antiplasmodial activity. Histological studies combined with autoradiography showed that, upon adoptive transfer, only T cells from the protective CTL clones are capable of "associating" with a significant percentage of parasitized hepatocytes. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis of surface molecules revealed pronounced differences in the levels of CD44 and VLA-4 expression by the different clones, correlating closely with their in vivo protective activity. The correlation between in vivo antiparasite activity and the expression of CD44 was further corroborated by the results of sorting, from the partially protective YB8 clone, two sub-populations expressing high and low levels of CD44. These were protective and nonprotective, respectively. The clones also differed in their adhesive properties. Cross-linking of CD44, using specific antibodies, induced LFA-1-mediated homotypic aggregation of protective clones, while nonprotective cells failed to aggregate.
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Erdogan, Mehmet Ozgür, Ozgur Sogut, Sahin Colak, Harun Ayhan, Mustafa Ahmet Afacan i Dilay Satilmis. "Roles of Motorcycle Type and Protective Clothing in Motorcycle Crash Injuries". Emergency Medicine International 2013 (2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/760205.
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Background. The aims of this study were to identify subgroups of motorcyclists with a higher accident risk and evaluate the efficiency of protective clothing for preventing injuries.Methods. A 1-year prospective study of motorcycle crashes was conducted beginning in June 2012. Participants were patients involved in motorcycle crashes and admitted to our emergency department.Results. A total of 226 patients were included in the study. In total, 174 patients were involved in crashes with light motorcycles. Patients involved in a motorcycle accident without a helmet had a higher incidence of head and maxillofacial trauma. Motorcycle jackets were not protective for systemic injuries (P>0.05) or upper extremity fractures (P>0.05). Motorcycle pants (P>0.05) and motorcycle shoes (P>0.05) were not protective against leg and foot fractures. However, motorcycle protective clothes were protective against soft-tissue injuries (P=0.001).Conclusion. Riders of heavy motorcycles rode more safely than riders of light motorcycles. Light motorcycle riders were the most vulnerable and comprised the largest percentage of motorcyclists. Helmets may be effective for preventing head and facial injuries. Other protective clothes were not effective against fractures or systemic injuries.
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Raud, Inna. "Rahvarõivas talupojakultuuri ühe ilmingu ning mõttemaailma kajastajana. Interpretatsioon Vändra kihelkonna näitel / National Costumes as one of the Manifestations and Reflections of the Frame of Mind of Peasant Culture: Interpretation Based on the Example of Vändra Parish". Studia Vernacula 7 (4.11.2016): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sv.2016.7.147-160.
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The contemporary study, making and wearing of national costumes worn in 19th-century Estonian peasant culture requires both good knowledge of the objects and an awareness of the understandings, attitudes and world view related to peasant culture. This article sheds light on the values associated with the national costumes worn in the parish of Vändra. It concentrates on the rational way of thinking connected to national costumes and related aesthetic and moral beliefs. The term “rationality” here denotes, first and foremost, reasonable and purposeful behaviour arising from practical considerations. The study of meaningfulness sheds light on the background and objectives of the aesthetic choices underlying the design of national costumes, but also on the messages conveyed with the help of objects. In addition to literature concerning national costumes, the manuscripts found in the Estonian National Museum concerning the clothes worn in the parish of Vändra and neighbouring parishes and the observations made based on single objects are also used as sources.National costumes are used even today as a type of clothing that shows national belonging. 19th-century understandings and evaluations related to national costumes can today be studied indirectly. They manifest themselves in the way national costumes were made and worn and to a great extent were influenced by the environment in which the peasants lived.The obtaining of clothes meant a lot of work for peasants in the 19th century, starting with the growing and processing of the material and ending with the making and finishing of the clothes. Popular materials were easily accessible and could be processed at home, although they required a lot of work. As the obtaining of linen and woollen yarn and the weaving of cloth were labour-intensive processes, patterns for the sewing of clothes had to be as practical as possible. Great attention was paid to increasing the durability of clothes and to the easiest possible maintenance thereof. In the choice of material and the finishing of clothing, the climate, the ease of use and the context of use were taken into consideration. Both textiles and leather were used to the maximum. Woollen cloth was considered a more valuable material than linen textile, and this could be explained by the latter wearing out sooner.Besides practical aspects, the aesthetic result was also considered important – in addition to aspiring for beauty, many items of clothing represented the wearer’s social status, and people believed in the protective power of clothing. When wearing national costumes, one had to take into account the system of communal values. Unfortunately, very little material has been recorded about these understandings, and the field is difficult to access for researchers studying individual objects.National costumes reflect the way of life and beliefs of the people of the 19th century. In the study of national costumes – where alongside material sources little information has been recorded as regards respective understandings – this knowledge enables researchers to discover people’s frame of mind based on the end results.
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Raud, Inna. "Rahvarõivas talupojakultuuri ühe ilmingu ning mõttemaailma kajastajana. Interpretatsioon Vändra kihelkonna näitel / National Costumes as one of the Manifestations and Reflections of the Frame of Mind of Peasant Culture: Interpretation Based on the Example of Vändra Parish". Studia Vernacula 7 (4.11.2016): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sv.2016.7.147-160.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The contemporary study, making and wearing of national costumes worn in 19th-century Estonian peasant culture requires both good knowledge of the objects and an awareness of the understandings, attitudes and world view related to peasant culture. This article sheds light on the values associated with the national costumes worn in the parish of Vändra. It concentrates on the rational way of thinking connected to national costumes and related aesthetic and moral beliefs. The term “rationality” here denotes, first and foremost, reasonable and purposeful behaviour arising from practical considerations. The study of meaningfulness sheds light on the background and objectives of the aesthetic choices underlying the design of national costumes, but also on the messages conveyed with the help of objects. In addition to literature concerning national costumes, the manuscripts found in the Estonian National Museum concerning the clothes worn in the parish of Vändra and neighbouring parishes and the observations made based on single objects are also used as sources.National costumes are used even today as a type of clothing that shows national belonging. 19th-century understandings and evaluations related to national costumes can today be studied indirectly. They manifest themselves in the way national costumes were made and worn and to a great extent were influenced by the environment in which the peasants lived.The obtaining of clothes meant a lot of work for peasants in the 19th century, starting with the growing and processing of the material and ending with the making and finishing of the clothes. Popular materials were easily accessible and could be processed at home, although they required a lot of work. As the obtaining of linen and woollen yarn and the weaving of cloth were labour-intensive processes, patterns for the sewing of clothes had to be as practical as possible. Great attention was paid to increasing the durability of clothes and to the easiest possible maintenance thereof. In the choice of material and the finishing of clothing, the climate, the ease of use and the context of use were taken into consideration. Both textiles and leather were used to the maximum. Woollen cloth was considered a more valuable material than linen textile, and this could be explained by the latter wearing out sooner.Besides practical aspects, the aesthetic result was also considered important – in addition to aspiring for beauty, many items of clothing represented the wearer’s social status, and people believed in the protective power of clothing. When wearing national costumes, one had to take into account the system of communal values. Unfortunately, very little material has been recorded about these understandings, and the field is difficult to access for researchers studying individual objects.National costumes reflect the way of life and beliefs of the people of the 19th century. In the study of national costumes – where alongside material sources little information has been recorded as regards respective understandings – this knowledge enables researchers to discover people’s frame of mind based on the end results.
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Liu, Shuai, Zheng Liu i Xiu E. Bai. "Comparative Analysis of Fibers for Thermal Protective Clothing". Advanced Materials Research 627 (grudzień 2012): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.627.29.
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This paper firstly introduces the performance of some kinds of thermal protective clothing materials, for example, Nomex, Polysulfonamide fiber (PSA), polyphenylene sulfide fiber (PPS) and pre-oxidized fiber. Then mainly states the application status through investigation. According to their merits and demerits, we can improve clothes' comfort and functionality through blending. Finally, we should aim to gain more practical and environmental friendly thermal protective fibers.
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Adam, John. "Sun-Protective Clothing". Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 3, nr 1 (lipiec 1998): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/120347549800300115.
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Background: Topical sunscreens have been used for many years on exposed areas (i.e., hands, face) to protect the skin from the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation. Most people do not use sunscreens on their bodies when they are wearing clothes. An average weight cotton T shirt gives only a sun protection factor (SPF) of 7. This is inadequate protection when out of doors. Therefore, clothing with adequate sunscreening properties should be worn. Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify the factors in clothing fabrics that contribute to or detract from blocking ultraviolet radiation and to recommend criteria for establishing a standard for sunprotective clothing. Method: The study involves a review of the dermatologic and textile literature to identify various factors in fabrics that contribute to blocking ultraviolet radiation through textiles. Conclusion: For fabrics, the term ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) is used as the measure of ultraviolet radiation penetration through the fabric. The UPF of a fabric depends upon fiber content and weave, fabric colour, finishing processes, and the presence of additives. The performance of a fabric depends upon stretching, shrinkage, hydration, laundering, and wear of the fabric over time. Based upon these criteria the minimum CDA standard UPF for clothing should be 40 to 50+.
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Deng, Hongqiong, Yuan Li, Hong Xie i Shiwei Li. "Kinematics of Shoulder Injuries in Throwing Sports". Journal of Business Administration Research 6, nr 2 (23.10.2017): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jbar.v6n2p50.
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Muscle injury mechanism should be studied to know how to prevent the muscle injuries. The purpose of this article is to construct a protecting model of shoulder injuries based on classical mechanism and kinematics in throwing sports like baseball pitching, badminton smash, volleyball smash, javelin throwing process etc, and then introduce the products design. Firstly, the biomechanics of muscle were analyzed based on Newton's classical mechanics; then a finite element analysis was used to simulate the shoulder muscles protection. Protective parameters were got to make the protective clothes; finally, the protective performance and the comfortableness has been evaluated by ten healthy participants with the mean age, height, body mass were 23.5 years (SD, 1.5), 1.75m (SD, 0.07), 60.5 kg (SD, 9.1), respectively. The throwing test including the baseball pitching, the badminton smash, the process of volleyball smash, and the javelin throwing process. Three protective clothes have been produced and all of them have a protective effect on the muscle while participants were doing the baseball pitching motion, the badminton smashes motion and the volleyball smash. And it has also met the requirement of the human body. But protecting effect each style given was different in different sports motions.
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Changement, Patrice, Jeanm Boliguipa, Oumarou Sanda Abbo i Ruben Mouangue. "Experimental Study of Heat Transfer Through the Protective Cloths of Cooks". Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 16, nr 2 (15.03.2019): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/rjaset.16.6000.
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Costa, Alessandra Tenório, William Mário de Carvalho Nunes, Carlos Alexandre Zanutto i Gerd Walter Müller. "Stability of Citrus tristeza virus protective isolates in field conditions". Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 45, nr 7 (lipiec 2010): 693–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2010000700009.
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The objective of this work was to monitor the maintenance of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) protective isolates stability in selected clones of 'Pêra' sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), preimmunized or naturally infected by the virus, after successive clonal propagations. The work was carried out in field conditions in the north of Paraná State, Brazil. Coat protein gene (CPG) analysis of 33 isolates collected from 16 clones of 'Pêra' sweet orange was performed using single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP). Initially, the isolates were characterized by symptoms of stem pitting observed in clones. Then viral genome was extracted and used as template for the amplification of CPG by reverse transcription polimerase chain reaction (RTPCR). RTPCR products electrophoretic profiles were analyzed using the Jaccard coefficient and the UPGMA method. The majority of the clones had weak to moderate stem pitting symptoms and its CTV isolates showed alterations in the SSCP profiles. However, the stability of the protective complex has been maintained, except for isolates from two analised clones. Low genetic variability was observed within the isolates during the studied years.
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Ziegler, E. J. "Protective Antibody to Endotoxin Core: The Emperor's New Clothes?" Journal of Infectious Diseases 158, nr 2 (1.08.1988): 286–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/158.2.286.
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SZMYTKE, Ewelina, Dorota BRZEZIŃSKA, Waldemar MACHNOWSKI i Szymon KOKOT. "Firefighters’ Protective Clothing – Water Cleaning Method vs Liquid CO2 Method in Aspect of Efficiency". Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment 15, nr 2 (1.06.2022): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acee-2022-0024.
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Abstract Multilayer material of firefighters’ Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) creates obstacles in toxins disposal while washing. This leads to long-term exposure and health risks to firefighters. The University of Leuven conducted experiments that showed the highest concentrations of toxins in the bodies of firefighters who wore the most contaminated clothes. In contrast a non considerable increase of toxins was observed in the group using LCO2 decontaminated clothes. Another study run in Finland in 2018 analyzed water cleaning of PPE and concluded that it was not efficient in providing safe and clean firefighters’ clothing. To check the efficiency of LCO2 cleaning, a set of laboratory tests on worn-out Polish fire gear was undertaken. The results presented in this paper confirmed that the clothes were clean enough to consider them safe for use.
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MacIntyre, Chandini Raina, Tham Chi Dung, Abrar Ahmad Chughtai, Holly Seale i Bayzidur Rahman. "Contamination and washing of cloth masks and risk of infection among hospital health workers in Vietnam: a post hoc analysis of a randomised controlled trial". BMJ Open 10, nr 9 (wrzesień 2020): e042045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042045.
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BackgroundIn a previous randomised controlled trial (RCT) in hospital healthcare workers (HCWs), cloth masks resulted in a higher risk of respiratory infections compared with medical masks. This was the only published RCT of cloth masks at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic.ObjectiveTo do a post hoc analysis of unpublished data on mask washing and mask contamination from the original RCT to further understand poor performance of the two-layered cotton cloth mask used by HCWs in that RCT.Setting14 secondary-level/tertiary-level hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam.ParticipantsA subgroup of 607 HCWs aged ≥18 years working full time in selected high-risk wards, who used a two-layered cloth mask and were part of a randomised controlled clinical trial comparing medical masks and cloth masks.InterventionWashing method for cloth masks (self-washing or hospital laundry). A substudy of contamination of a sample of 15 cloth and medical masks was also conducted.Outcome measureInfection rate over 4 weeks of follow up and viral contamination of masks tested by multiplex PCR.ResultsViral contamination with rhinovirus was identified on both used medical and cloth masks. Most HCW (77% of daily washing) self-washed their masks by hand. The risk of infection was more than double among HCW self-washing their masks compared with the hospital laundry (HR 2.04 (95% CI 1.03 to 4.00); p=0.04). There was no significant difference in infection between HCW who wore cloth masks washed in the hospital laundry compared with medical masks (p=0.5).ConclusionsUsing self-reported method of washing, we showed double the risk of infection with seasonal respiratory viruses if masks were self-washed by hand by HCWs. The majority of HCWs in the study reported hand-washing their mask themselves. This could explain the poor performance of two layered cloth masks, if the self-washing was inadequate. Cloth masks washed in the hospital laundry were as protective as medical masks. Both cloth and medical masks were contaminated, but only cloth masks were reused in the study, reiterating the importance of daily washing of reusable cloth masks using proper method. A well-washed cloth mask can be as protective as a medical mask.Trial resgistration numberACTRN12610000887077.
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Velineni, Sridhar, John F. Timoney, Kim Russell, Heidi J. Hamlen, Patricia Pesavento, William D. Fortney i P. Cynda Crawford. "Clones of Streptococcus zooepidemicus from Outbreaks of Hemorrhagic Canine Pneumonia and Associated Immune Responses". Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 21, nr 9 (2.07.2014): 1246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00222-14.
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ABSTRACTAcute hemorrhagic pneumonia caused byStreptococcus zooepidemicushas emerged as a major disease of shelter dogs and greyhounds.S. zooepidemicusstrains differing in multilocus sequence typing (MLST), protective protein (SzP), and M-like protein (SzM) sequences were identified from 9 outbreaks in Texas, Kansas, Florida, Nevada, New Mexico, and Pennsylvania. Clonality based on 2 or more isolates was evident for 7 of these outbreaks. The Pennsylvania and Nevada outbreaks also involved cats. Goat antisera against acutely infected lung tissue as well as convalescent-phase sera reacted with a mucinase (Sz115), hyaluronidase (HylC), InlA domain-containing cell surface-anchored protein (INLA), membrane-anchored protein (MAP), SzP, SzM, and extracellular oligopeptide-binding protein (OppA). The amino acid sequences of SzP and SzM of the isolates varied greatly. Theszpandszmalleles of the closely related Kansas clone (sequence type 129 [ST-129]) and United Kingdom isolate BHS5 (ST-123) were different, indicating that MLST was unreliable as a predictor of virulence phenotype. Combinations of conserved HylC and serine protease (ScpC) and variable SzM and SzP proteins ofS. zooepidemicusstrain NC78 were protectively immunogenic for mice challenged with a virulent canine strain. Thus, although canine pneumonia outbreaks are caused by different strains ofS. zooepidemicus, protective immune responses were elicited in mice by combinations of conserved or variableS. zooepidemicusproteins from a single strain.
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Luitel, Kabita, Dil Bahadur Gurung, Harihar Khanal i Kedar Nath Uprety. "Bioheat Transfer Equation with Protective Layer". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (25.01.2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6639550.
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The human thermal comfort is the state of mind, which is affected not only by the physical and body’s internal physiological phenomena but also by the clothing properties such as thermal resistance of clothing, clothing insulation, clothing area factor, air insulation, and relative humidity. In this work, we extend the one-dimensional Pennes’ bioheat transfer equation by adding the protective clothing layer. The transient temperature profile with the clothing layer at the different time steps has been carried out using a fully implicit Finite Difference (FD) Scheme with interface condition between body and clothes. Numerically computed results are bound to agree that the clothing insulation and air insulation provide better comfort and keep the body at the thermal equilibrium position. The graphical representation of the results also verifies the effectiveness and utility of the proposed model.
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Noda, Nao-Aki, Geng Gao, Hisanori Tottori, Rei Takaki, Yoshikazu Sano i Akira Kai. "Development of multi-layered sewer pipe plug — 2nd report: Tensile strength of protective sheet bonded by seams". International Journal of Modern Physics B 35, nr 14n16 (14.05.2021): 2140016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979221400166.
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Since Japanese sewer system is becoming obsolete, it is necessary to reinforce and repair the system without stopping sewer functions. In this study, a multi-layered sewer pipe plug consisting of a protective sheet and inner and outer rubber balls is focused to be installed and removed conveniently at the construction site. In this paper, a suitable testing method and the strength of the protective sheet are discussed experimentally by changing the specimen geometry providing slit and seams. It is found that the slit specimen is most desirable to obtain the standard tensile strength of UHMWPE cloth named Izanas cloth. It is found that the seamed strength is [Formula: see text] MPa, which is about 17% of the standard tensile strength [Formula: see text] MPa.
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Bordakov, V. N. "The Study of Fire-extinguishing Process of Modelled Fire Seats". Occupational Safety in Industry, nr 9 (wrzesień 2021): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2021-9-57-62.
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Test-fires to determine fire-extinguishers’ efficiency for extinguishing B class fires are conducted by operators equipped with working clothes, which does not comply with the requirements of physical modelling. This is why the ranks of extinguished modelled seats are significantly overestimated. The quantitative results of fire seats’ extinguishing can be comparatively evaluated in accordance with the value of specific flow rate of a fire-extinguishing agent. As it was detected, the specific flow rate of a fire-extinguishing agent does not actually depend on the rank of modelled fire seat when extinguished by an operator wearing thermal-protective clothes. At the same time, it is increasing along with the expansion of the fire zone scale in case the fire is extinguished without special protective clothes. Consequently, to increase the fire-extinguisher’s efficiency data reliability, the certifying tests should be conducted in conditions close to the real application conditions when the first person to firefight is not equipped with such special protective clothes. The experimental studies to determine the specific flow rate of a fire-extinguishing agent used modelled fire seats of various ranks. The analysis of results showed that the fire-extinguishers ensuring generation of drops of prevailing size more than 0,5 mm are required to extinguish the modelled sire seats. The degree of increasing flow rate for the fire-extinguishing agent to eliminate a fire and observation of a safe distance from the flame for an operator are conditioned by the scale of fire zone and affect the specific flow rate of agent required to ensure stable fire-extinguishing. Based on the results of extinguishing the fire seats «34В» or «55В», it is demonstrated that via using a correction factor it is possible, assuming an acceptable error, to evaluate the flow rate of fire-extinguishing agent to extinguish a modelled fire seat of any rank.
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Siahaan, Sondang. "Faktor Yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Keracunan Pestisida Pada Petani Sayur dan Palawija di Desa Selat Kecamatan Pemayung Kabupaten Batang Hari Tahun 2018". Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 20, nr 3 (5.10.2020): 1079. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v20i3.1099.
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Pesticide is toxic and harmful materials, this pesticide can cause either positive or negative impact for the prosperity of the human beings and environment. The negative impact wiil cause directly various problems to our health. Pesticide poisoning can be identified by examining blood cholinesterase activity. The aim of this research is to identify factors that related to pesticide exposure to the level of blood cholinesterase of farmers that spray non-staple food crops at Selat Village of Pemayung Sub-district of Batang Hari Ditrict. This research method is a quantitative research with cross sectional design. Independent variables in this research are knowledge concening pesticide, protective clothes, sprying in line with wind direction, while the dependent variable was the farmers. The population was all non-staple food crops farmers at at Selat Village of Pemayung Sub-district of Batang Hari Ditrict. The samples were 30 people. The results of the research by applying statistic test, there was a relation of knowledge to pesticide poisoning with P value = 0.019, the use of protective clothes with P value = 0.024 and spraying in line with wind direction with P value = 0.000. The research shows that non-staple food crops farmers at Selat Village had pesticide poisoning of 80.0%. In order to prevent pesticide poisonong, it is recommended that the farmers should improve their knowledge regarding pesticide, while spraying the pesticide, farmers should wear complete protective clothes properly and make sure to follow the wind direction while spraying.
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Kovačević, Irena, Ivona Papić, Štefanija Ozimec Vulinec, Karla Kovačević Čorak, Ana Marija Hošnjak i Valentina Krikšić. "Usporedba učinkovitosti različitih vrsta zaštitnih maski u smanjenju prijenosa virusa SARS-CoV-2". Croatian nursing journal 7, nr 1 (21.08.2023): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24141/2/7/1/6.
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Introduction. Protective equipment has become globally used to protect against respiratory infections in healthcare workers and sick patients. With the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the global pandemic, the role of protective masks in reducing the transmission of the new virus has become the subject of much research. Although the protective mask has a significant role in reducing the transmission of infections, wearing it also has certain adverse effects. Aim. The aim of this review is to show the effectiveness of different types of protective masks in reducing the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, as well as the comparison of adverse effects when wearing protective masks. Methods. The method for analyzing the topic of the effectiveness of protective masks included reviews of papers found on the Google search engine, Medline database (via PubMed) and Hrcak. Included in the analysis are scientific papers with clinical trials or review papers, in English and Croatian, regardless of methodology, published since 2020. Included works include topics such as medical masks, respirators, cloth masks and their materials, effectiveness and importance of use, and adverse effects of wearing protective masks. A total of 2,110 articles, original and review papers were found, of which, after a detailed reading and analysis of several authors, 11 were selected that meet the eligibility criteria of this review paper.Results. There are filter half-masks with/without valve, surgical masks and hygienic or cloth masks. A surgical mask may provide better protection than a cloth mask, although this may depend on the layers and material the masks are made of. Respirator masks are somewhat more effective than surgical masks, but the difference turned out to be insignificant. The most common side effects of wearing masks for a long time are increased secretion of sputum, cough, dyspnea, difficulty when communicating, lack of closeness and feelings of insecurity. Conclusion. A face mask protects against infection and is associated with a reduced risk of infection. The habit of wearing a mask and the correct way of wearing it proved to be important factors in reducing the risk of infection.
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Foussereau, Jean, Roland Tomb i Claude Cavelier. "Allergic Contact Dermatitis from Safety Clothes and Individual Protective Devices". Dermatologic Clinics 8, nr 1 (styczeń 1990): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0733-8635(18)30535-7.
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Wüthrich, Marcel, Hanna I. Filutowicz, Holly L. Allen, George S. Deepe i Bruce S. Klein. "Vβ1+ Jβ1.1+/Vα2+ Jα49+ CD4+ T Cells Mediate Resistance against Infection with Blastomyces dermatitidis". Infection and Immunity 75, nr 1 (9.10.2006): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01148-06.
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ABSTRACT Immunization with a cell wall/membrane (CW/M) and yeast cytosol extract (YCE) crude antigen from Blastomyces dermatitidis confers T-cell-mediated resistance against lethal experimental infection in mice. We isolated and characterized T cells that recognize components of these protective antigens and mediate protection. CD4+ T-cell clones elicited with CW/M antigen adoptively transferred protective immunity when they expressed a Vα2+ Jα49+/Vβ1+ Jβ1.1+ heterodimeric T-cell receptor (TCR) and produced high levels of gamma interferon (IFN-γ). In contrast, Vβ8.1/8.2+ CD4+ T-cell clones that were reactive against CW/M and YCE antigens and produced little or no IFN-γ either failed to mediate protection or exacerbated the infection depending on the level of interleukin-5 expression. Thus, the outgrowth of protective T-cell clones against immunodominant antigens of B. dermatitidis is biased by a combination of the TCR repertoire and Th1 cytokine production.
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Grabowska, Grażyna, Marcin Struszczyk, Joanna Błaszczyk i Małgorzata Woźniakowska. "Operational Qualification of the Individualisation of Protective Clothing Design Based on the 3D Scanning Technique". Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 28, nr 3(141) (30.06.2020): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.9026.
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The object of the publication is to present the validation process stage (operational qualification) of developed assumptions for customised clothing manufactured in industrial conditions. 12 special clothes were made and adjusted to the individual dimensions of firefighters’ silhouettes obtained in the 3D scanning process as well as 12 special clothes adjusted to selected size subgroups after the 3D scanning process from the same identified group of 12 firefighters. Two batches of clothes having undergone the installation qualification were submitted for testing in real conditions (operational qualification). Then, on the basis of data collected from the ongoing functional tests, a batch of six sets of individualised special clothing for the Fire Service was produced in industrial conditions (changing the manufacturer and model of the clothing). A positive result of validation (operational qualification) of this batch of clothing in functional tests conducted in real conditions will allow its introduction to industry through training in production plants and procedures of individualisation of advanced protective clothing design for people working in environments with a high degree of risk to health and life. The individualisation of protective clothing design, through a better fit of the size of the clothing to the body of the user, will significantly affect the comfort of use, ergonomics of the clothing, and the safety of the user.
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Cui, Xin, Qin Fei Ke i Guang Ming Cai. "Evaluation of Light Protective Properties of High Performance Aramid Fabrics". Applied Mechanics and Materials 551 (maj 2014): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.551.28.
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The aramid fabrics have been widely used in aerospace, military and protective clothes for light radiation stability properties. The reflection and transmission properties of two kinds of materials (Kevlar 49 fabric and Kevlar 49/Nomex blended fabric) and three weaves of aramid fabrics with different wavelength spectrum were evaluated by ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV–Vis–NIR) spectrophotometer analysis. The effects of fabric layers on the reflection and transmission performances of aramid fabric were also discussed. It indicated that the aramid fabrics have good thermal and light protective properties.
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Akhtar, I., J. P. Gold, L. Y. Pan, J. L. Ferrara, X. D. Yang, J. I. Kim i K. N. Tan. "CD4+ beta islet cell-reactive T cell clones that suppress autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice." Journal of Experimental Medicine 182, nr 1 (1.07.1995): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.182.1.87.
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We report the isolation of a panel of CD4+ T helper type 1 autoreactive T cell clones from the spleen of unprimed nonobese diabetic mice, a murine model of human insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The T cell clones express a diverse repertoire of T cell receptors, three of which recognize beta islet cell autoantigen(s). The islet cell-reactive T cell clones inhibit adoptive transfer of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and intraislet lymphocytic infiltration. The protective capacity of the T cell clones correlates with their ability to produce a novel immunoregulatory activity that potently inhibits in vitro allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction. The partially purified activity significantly inhibited the adoptive transfer of diabetes. Our work provides evidence in support of the existence of T helper type 1, CD4+ T cells reactive to beta islet cell autoantigens that have acquired a protective instead of a diabetogenic effector function. These T cells mediate their protective action in part by production of an immunoregulatory activity capable of down-regulating immune responses, and they are likely to represent a population of regulatory T cells that normally plays a role in maintaining peripheral tolerance.
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ÇİNÇİK, Emel, i Aynur İNAN ÜSTÜN. "Assessing the seam strength of ultrasonically welded polyester and polypropylene spunbond nonwovens". Journal of Industrial Textiles 52 (sierpień 2022): 152808372211124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15280837221112413.
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The durability of the products such as personal protective clothes and facemasks are crucial for human health as these products prevent the spread of disease. This study aims to investigate the seam strength of ultrasonically welded spunbond nonwovens used for personal protective clothes, facemasks, diapers and determine the best welding parameters for optimum seams. For these purposes, polyester and polypropylene spunbond nonwoven fabrics with different areal weights were ultrasonically welded by changing process parameters such as vibration frequency (%-kHz) and welding pressure (bar). The welded samples were evaluated according to the standard test method for seam strength and experimental data obtained from tests were statistically assessed by generating models and regression equations. The best seam strength for polyester nonwovens with different areal weights was achieved with 80% vibration amplitude and 1 bar or 1.5 bar welding pressures. In contrast, ultrasonic welding applied with 0.5 bar welding pressure and 63% or 70% vibration amplitudes resulted in the highest seam strengths for polypropylene nonwovens.
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Młynarczyk, Magdalena. "Characteristics of Specialised Firefighter Clothing Used in Poland – the Thermal Parameters". Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 28, nr 1(139) (29.02.2020): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5860.
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This paper describes the characteristic thermal parameters of firefighters’ personal protective clothing (FFPPC) used in Poland. The total thermal insulation and evaporative resistance of three different types of FFPPC were measured and used on a thermal manikin. Next, the results were compared. Based on the analyses and calculations of the test results, it was shown that FFPPC provides a barrier to the heat exchange between the user and the surrounding environment. Differences in the local thermal insulation can be triggered not only by the material used but they can also be attributable to clothes fitted on the manikin. The biggest differences can be noted on the segments forming part of the manikin’s trunk. No difference was found in the evaporative resistance between the clothes tested. In order to examine further the impact of the materials used on thermal parameters of protective clothing, it is necessary to carry out an analysis of the impact of individual layers.
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DAHAMNI, S., A. BENAROUS i P. A. G. PILOTO. "Towards a thermal characterization of a firefighter's protective cloth-ing". Mechanics 26, nr 5 (20.10.2020): 435–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.mech.26.5.22532.
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In the present work, an unsteady analysis is carried out for the thermal characterisation of a firefighter protective clothing. Coupled radiative and conduction heat transfers are considered inside the clothing with a focus on the thermal level on the first skin layer. The protective garment is modelled as a 1D solid medium, featuring three layers of tissues, separated by several air-gaps. A parametric analysis is performed in the aim to predict the effect of conductive and radiative tissue's properties fluctuation on the first skin's layer temperature. The thermal balance equations are written in a finite element (FE) formulation and solved using the COMSOL Multiphysics® software. Predictions were provided for the temperature and heat flux distributions in the fabric, skin, and air-gap as a function of time, as well as the time to receive skin burn injuries. The results obtained were compared with stationary 2-D calculations, and faced to unsteady simulations, based on the finite volume method. A 50% relative reduction in the absorptivity of the skin (in the case of wearing a fine knitted fabric) makes it possible to reduce the surface temperature of the skin to a tolerable value.
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Semenova, Oksana. "Leather and Sheepskin Clothes in the Wedding Ceremonies of the Middle Dnieper Ukrainians in the Late 19th — First Half of the 20th Century". Ukrainian Studies, nr 1(78) (20.05.2021): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.30840/2413-7065.1(78).2021.228310.
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The article considers the use of handicraft sheepskin and leather clothes in the wedding ceremonies of the Middle Dnieper Ukrainians in the late 19th – early 20th century. It is established that they have performed important ritual and protective functions. In particular, the ritual function means that clothes served as ritual attributes. In gifting ceremonies, the sheepskin and leather clothes had both practical and special semantic meanings (for example, by giving boots to the bride’s mother, the groom showed his respect and appreciation). The protective function is connected with ancient beliefs about the power of ritual attributes and magic acts. In particular, the leather in the culture of East Slavic people is associated with birth and renewal, while the sheepskin was the symbol of wealth and fertility. In wedding ceremonies, the sheepskin was associated with a cloud, while the wheat grains were thrown over the bridal couple as a symbol of rain and fertility. We may define pre-wedding, wedding, and post-wedding rituals with sheepskin and leather clothes. The most widespread pre-wedding ritual was gifting leather boots to the fiancée and sewing a flower into the fiancé’s sheepskin hat on the engagement day. A sheepskin coat turned inside out played an essential role in the Ukrainian traditional wedding. The highest level of concentration of various magical symbols is retraced in the ceremony of send-off and reception of a newly married couple. In post-wedding rituals, the sheepskin coat was used for costume games to introduce such characters as a bride and a groom, animals, gypsies, etc.
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Koroteeva, E., i A. Shagiyanova. "Infrared-based visualization of exhalation flows while wearing protective face masks". Physics of Fluids 34, nr 1 (styczeń 2022): 011705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0076230.
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Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, a large number of flow visualization procedures have been proposed to assess the effect of personal protective equipment on respiratory flows. This study suggests infrared thermography as a beneficial visualization technique because it is completely noninvasive and safe and, thus, can be used on live individuals rather than mannequins or lung simulators. Here, we examine the effect of wearing either of three popular face coverings (a surgical mask, a cloth mask, or an N95 respirator with an exhalation valve) on thermal signatures of exhaled airflows near a human face while coughing, talking, or breathing. The flow visualization using a mid-wave infrared camera captures the dynamics of thermal inhomogeneities induced by increased concentrations of carbon dioxide in the exhaled air. Thermal images demonstrate that both surgical and cloth face masks allow air leakage through the edges and the fabric itself, but they decrease the initial forward velocity of a cough jet by a factor of four. The N95 respirator, on the other hand, reduces the infrared emission of carbon dioxide near the person's face almost completely. This confirms that the N95-type mask may indeed lead to excessive inhalation of carbon dioxide as suggested by some recent studies.
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Hawkins, Raymond A., Roger G. Rank i Kathleen A. Kelly. "Expression of Mucosal Homing Receptor α4β7 Is Associated with Enhanced Migration to theChlamydia-Infected Murine Genital Mucosa In Vivo". Infection and Immunity 68, nr 10 (1.10.2000): 5587–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.10.5587-5594.2000.
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ABSTRACT The CD4 T helper cell type 1 (Th1) response is essential for the resolution of chlamydial genital infection in mice. However, not all Th1 clones are equally protective in eradicating the infection. Since oral immunization regimens produce protective immunity, we evaluated the role of the mucosa-associated homing receptor, α4β7, in trafficking to the genital mucosa. Using a panel of CD4, Th1 cell lines and clones, we compared the lymphocyte homing patterns of aChlamydia-specific, protective clone (P-MoPn), a nonprotective clone (N-MoPn), and a keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-specific cell line (KLH-1). T cells were labeled with the fluorescent dye PKH-26, adoptively transferred intoChlamydia-infected mice, and monitored at different time points throughout the course of a genital infection. We found that clones P-MoPn and N-MoPn migrated to similar extents to the genital tract and in significantly greater numbers than the KLH-specific T-cell line. Both clones and the KLH-1 line expressed similar levels of the adhesion molecules α4, β1, CD44, and CD11a. However, clones P-MoPn and N-MoPn expressed higher levels of the mucosal homing receptor, α4β7. Also, clones P-MoPn and N-MoPn but not the KLH-1 line migrated to the mesenteric lymph node, suggesting a mucosal recirculation pattern. Moreover, blocking α4β7 adhesion interaction in vivo significantly reduced the recruitment of P-MoPn but not KLH-1 to the genital tract. These findings show that the mucosal homing receptor α4β7 is utilized by a subset of CD4 cells during migration to the Chlamydia-infected genital tract.
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Huntley, J. F., J. R. Stabel, M. L. Paustian, T. A. Reinhardt i J. P. Bannantine. "Expression Library Immunization Confers Protection against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Infection". Infection and Immunity 73, nr 10 (październik 2005): 6877–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.10.6877-6884.2005.
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ABSTRACT Currently, paratuberculosis vaccines are comprised of crude whole-cell preparations of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Although effective in reducing clinical disease and fecal shedding, these vaccines have severe disadvantages as well, including seroconversion of vaccinated animals and granulomatous lesions at the site of vaccination. DNA vaccines can offer an alternative approach that may be safer and elicit more protective responses. In an effort to identify protective M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis sequences, a genomic DNA expression library was generated and subdivided into pools of clones (∼1,500 clones/pool). The clone pools were evaluated to determine DNA vaccine efficacy by immunizing mice via gene gun delivery and challenging them with live, virulent M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Four clone pools resulted in a significant reduction in the amount of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis recovered from mouse tissues compared to mice immunized with other clone pools and nonvaccinated, infected control mice. One of the protective clone pools was further partitioned into 10 clone arrays of 108 clones each, and four clone arrays provided significant protection from both spleen and mesenteric lymph node colonization by M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. The nucleotide sequence of each clone present in the protective pools was determined, and coding region functions were predicted by computer analysis. Comparison of the protective clone array sequences implicated 26 antigens that may be responsible for protection in mice. This study is the first study to demonstrate protection against M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection with expression library immunization.
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Piedrafita, David, Damo Xu, David Hunter, Robert A. Harrison i Foo Y. Liew. "Protective Immune Responses Induced by Vaccination with an Expression Genomic Library of Leishmania major". Journal of Immunology 163, nr 3 (1.08.1999): 1467–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.163.3.1467.
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Abstract To develop an effective vaccine against the intracellular protozoan parasite Leishmania spp., we investigated the feasibility of expression library immunization (ELI) in the mouse. Genomic expression libraries of L. major were constructed and used to immunize mice. One of the three libraries (L1, with 105 clones) induced a significant protective immune response and delayed the onset of lesion development in highly susceptible BALB/c mice after i.m. immunization, compared with control mice immunized with the empty vector (EV). L1 was then divided into five sublibraries of ∼2 × 104 clones each. Mice immunized with one of the sublibraries (SL1A) developed an even stronger protective effect than that induced by L1. SL1A was further divided into 20 sublibraries (SL2) of ∼103 clones each. One of the SL2 libraries (SL2G) induced a strong protective effect against L. major infection. In direct comparative studies, the protective effect of the sublibraries was in the order of SL2G > SL1A > L1. Lymphoid cells from mice vaccinated with SL2G produced more IFN-γ and NO, compared with cells from control mice injected with EV. Serum from the vaccinated mice also contained more parasite-specific IgG2a Ab, compared with controls. Therefore, these data demonstrate that ELI is feasible against this complex intracellular parasitic infection, by preferentially inducing the development of Th1 responses. Furthermore, by sequential division of the libraries, this approach may be used to enrich and identify protective genes for effective gene vaccination against other parasitic infections.
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Ro, Hoseung, Hyunpil Hong, Jinwon Cho i Myuongsu Park. "Development of Industrial and Firefighter Protective Cloth of Base Fabric and Comparison of Fire Retardant Performance". Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 20, nr 6 (31.12.2020): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2020.20.6.109.
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To develop industrial and firefighter thermal protection cloth, 12 base fabrics were prepared from a combination of several types of sample, and their thermal performances were evaluated. Thermal performance comprises flame retardant capability, radiant protective performance, and thermal protective performance. Thermal protection performance has been assessed in accordance with ISO 15025, ISO 9151, ISO 6942, and ISO 17492. In this study, however, thermal protective performance was assessed only in accordance with ISO 15025. The results showed that Samples 1-6 satisfied the fire resistance criteria, whereas Samples 7-12 did not satisfy the fire resistance criteria. Additional thermal performance tests need to be conducted in follow-up studies.
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Preda, Manuela Daniela, Maria Leila Popa, Ionela Andreea Neacșu, Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu i Octav Ginghină. "Antimicrobial Clothing Based on Electrospun Fibers with ZnO Nanoparticles". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, nr 2 (13.01.2023): 1629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021629.
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There has been a surge in interest in developing protective textiles and clothes to protect wearers from risks such as chemical, biological, heat, UV, pollution, and other environmental factors. Traditional protective textiles have strong water resistance but lack breathability and have a limited capacity to remove water vapor and moisture. Electrospun fibers and membranes have shown enormous promise in developing protective materials and garments. Textiles made up of electrospun fibers and membranes can provide thermal comfort and protection against a wide range of environmental threats. Because of their multifunctional properties, such as semi-conductivity, ultraviolet absorption, optical transparency, and photoluminescence, their low toxicity, biodegradability, low cost, and versatility in achieving diverse shapes, ZnO-based nanomaterials are a subject of increasing interest in the current review. The growing uses of electrospinning in the development of breathable and protective textiles are highlighted in this review.
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Manzardo, Ann M., Janalee Heinemann, Barbara McManus, Carolyn Loker, James Loker i Merlin G. Butler. "Venous Thromboembolism in Prader–Willi Syndrome: A Questionnaire Survey". Genes 10, nr 7 (19.07.2019): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10070550.
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Prader–Willi Syndrome Association (USA) monitors the ongoing health and welfare of individuals with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) through active communication with members by membership surveys and data registries. Thromboembolism and blood clots have emerged in clinical studies as significant risk factors for injury and death in PWS. A 66-item questionnaire was developed by a panel of PWS medical and scientific experts, with input from Prader–Willi Syndrome Association (USA) leadership, so as to probe their membership on the frequency, risk, and protective factors for venous thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism, and related findings. The characteristics of those with and without a reported history of blood clots and related health factors were tabulated and analyzed. Responses were obtained for 1067 individuals with PWS (554 females and 513 males), and 38 (23 females and 15 males) had a history of blood clots. The individuals with clots did not differ by gender, but were significantly older 32.8 ± 15 years vs 20.4 ± 13 years, and were more likely to have a reported history of obesity (76%), edema (59%), hypertension (24%), vasculitis (33%), and family history of blood clots (33%) than those without clots. Growth hormone treatment was more common in individuals without clots. The risk factors for thromboembolism in PWS overlap those commonly observed for the general population.
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Brake, D. A., C. A. Long i W. P. Weidanz. "Adoptive protection against Plasmodium chabaudi adami malaria in athymic nude mice by a cloned T cell line." Journal of Immunology 140, nr 6 (15.03.1988): 1989–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.140.6.1989.
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Abstract T cell-dependent, cell-mediated immune mechanisms have been shown to contribute to resistance against malaria. Because the identity of plasmodial Ag responsible for the activation of these protective immune responses remains unknown, a major step in isolating these potential immunizing agents will be the development of adequate screening procedures designed to identify important T cell Ag. This study focused on the isolation of protective T cell clones that may play a pivotal role in this process. A T cell clone designated CTR2.1 and two subclones derived from it adoptively transferred protection to athymic nude mice infected with Plasmodium chabaudi adami, a murine malarial parasite known to be recognized by protective thymus-dependent immune mechanisms. The protective T cell clone displayed a L3T4+, Lyt-2- surface phenotype and secreted both IFN-gamma and IL-2 after stimulation with solubilized parasites in vitro. This is the first report of results demonstrating a cloned T cell line capable of providing adoptive protection against malaria in vivo. More importantly, CTR2.1 and other protective T cell clones may provide for the identification of plasmodial antigenic epitopes recognized by important cell-mediated immune mechanisms during acute malarial infection.
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Petukhov, Alexander N., i Alexander F. Davydov. "Influence of washing on textile material thermal properties under exposure of an open flame and heating ele-ment heat flow". Technologies & Quality 54, nr 4 (23.12.2021): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/2587-6147-2021-4-54-10-15.
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Elevated temperatures are factors causing harm to human health and life. To ensure protection, various personal protective equipment is used, which includes special protective clothing. The article discusses the heat-shielding indicators of the safety of textile material. In order to determine the heat-shielding properties of the material, various types of exposure are used – convective heat from a heating element and an open flame. Fabrics of various raw materials and surface density are used for sewing special protective clothing. Five clothes were selected for the research. The research was held under the exposure of an open flame and convective heat of heating element with a comparable heat flux density equal to 80 kW/m². Also, research was held under influence of multiple wash cycles on radiant heat transfer index and heat transfer index.
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McAdow, Molly, Andrea C. DeDent, Carla Emolo, Alice G. Cheng, Barry N. Kreiswirth, Dominique M. Missiakas i Olaf Schneewind. "Coagulases as Determinants of Protective Immune Responses against Staphylococcus aureus". Infection and Immunity 80, nr 10 (23.07.2012): 3389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00562-12.
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ABSTRACTDuring infection,Staphylococcus aureussecretes two coagulases (Coa and von Willebrand factor binding protein [vWbp]), which, following an association with host prothrombin and fibrinogen, form fibrin clots and enable the establishment of staphylococcal disease. Within the genomes of differentS. aureusisolates, coagulase gene sequences are variable, and this has been exploited for a classification of types. We show here that antibodies directed against the variable prothrombin binding portion of coagulases confer type-specific immunity through the neutralization ofS. aureusclotting activity and protection from staphylococcal disease in mice. By combining variable portions of coagulases from North American isolates into hybrid Coa and vWbp proteins, a subunit vaccine that provided protection against challenge with different coagulase-typeS. aureusstrains in mice was derived.
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You, Kyung-Sook, Myoung-Hee Lee i Kwan Ha Park. "A rat model to evaluate the pesticide permeability and stress effects of protective clothing". Toxicology and Industrial Health 21, nr 1-2 (luty 2005): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0748233705th214oa.
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No animal model exists for testing the suitability of a protective garment before actual application in humans. The animal testing model is valuable in particular as the assessment of permeability of hazardous chemicals in humans cannot be easily performed due to possible toxicity to test subjects. We explored a rat model by designing a protective garment to fit rats, and then examining pesticide permeability and physiological responses. When nongarmented rats were exercised in a treadmill, there were increases in heart rate, mean arterial pressure and body temperature. The increases in heart rate and body temperature were further augmented by wearing the protective garment. Fenitrothion, an organophosphate insecticide, was detected in plasma after application on the dorsal area in plasma of nongarmented and garmented (comparable to regular human work clothes) rats. Plasma acetylcholine esterase activity was decreased, suggesting intoxication in these animals. Fenitrothion intoxication was not observed in rats wearing a protective garment. In humans, heart rate and body temperature augmentation were also observed when wearing a protective garment. This result suggests that the present rat model provides a useful assessment of chemical permeability and stress effects of protective garments.
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Sokolovskiy, E. V., G. N. Mikheev i E. I. Demidova. "Actinic reticuloid: case report". Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii 94, nr 6 (17.04.2019): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25208/0042-4609-2018-94-6-37-41.
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This article is about the case of actinic reticuloid — the rare dermatosis which clinical presentation is similar to atopic dermatitis, T-cell lymphoma. Good treatment effect was obtained by long cycles (2 cycles for 3 months) of hydroxychloroquine and sun protective therapy included sunscreens SPF 50, nicotinic acid, sun-safe clothes which blocked ultraviolet radiation without any glucocorticosteroid drugs and cytostatic treatment.