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Holman, James, i n/a. "Clines, Species and Eucalypts: An Evolutionary Perspective". Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030527.124144.
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Two eucalypt clines were examined using morphological, ecophysiological and molecular analyses. The species complexes examined were an ironbark complex (Eucalyptus melanophloia x E. whitei) and a box complex (E. brownii x E. populnea). Both of these complexes demonstrate continuous morphological variation across their clines. The origin of these morphological clines has previously been interpreted as the product of secondary contact between allopatric species. In this study, an analysis of morphological variation across the clines did not identify an increase in trait variance in the intermediate populations, which suggests that previous theories concerning the origin of these clines may not be valid. Genetic structuring in nuclear and chloroplast DNA was examined across the clines to investigate whether the morphological clines were the product of secondary contact between two independent evolutionary lineages, or whether the clines represent a single evolutionary lineage that has undergone primary differentiation. The microsatellite analyses indicated that there was little genetic structuring across either cline, and that there were only low levels of population differentiation. The lack of hierarchical structuring in the distribution of nuclear genetic variation suggests that these clines are unlikely to be the product of recent gene flow between two formerly allopatric species/populations. A nested clade analysis of the JLA+ region of the cpDNA provides additional evidence to reject the null hypothesis that the morphospecies classifications represent distinct evolutionary lineages. Instead the analyses indicate that each cline represents a single cohesion species and a single evolutionary lineage. The phylogeographic distribution of cpDNA haplotypes is likely to have resulted from restricted seed mediated gene flow with isolation by distance. A more cogent explanation for the clines, based on the genetic data, is that they have arisen through the process of continuous morphological diversification that has been promoted by a directional selection gradient. Drought experiments were conducted in the glasshouse to investigate whether differences in physiological performance under water stress helps to explain the maintenance of the ironbark cline. Under increasing water stress, the morphotypes showed differences in their ability to maintain water status and photosynthetic rates, yet there was no obvious pattern to these differences across the cline. Physiological differences are therefore inadequate to explain the maintenance of the ironbark cline and highlight the compensatory role that morphological variation may play in alleviating water stress. The value of adopting the cohesion species concept and a hypothesis-testing framework to assess species status is demonstrated in this study. This framework provided a statistical approach to distinguish independent evolutionary lineages from interspecific populations and provides evidence to refute the current species status of the species complexes studied. Eucalypt classification is predominantly based on morphology, which results in taxonomic classification that may not reflect genealogical relationships. This is due to the disparity between morphological and phylogenetic relationships. I therefore suggest that current presumptions regarding the prevalence and importance of hybridisation within the genus may reflect taxonomic classification. An accurate assessment of the prevalence and importance of hybridisation requires species classification to be based on genealogical relationships.
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Holman, James. "Clines, Species and Eucalypts: An Evolutionary Perspective". Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365394.
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Two eucalypt clines were examined using morphological, ecophysiological and molecular analyses. The species complexes examined were an ironbark complex (Eucalyptus melanophloia x E. whitei) and a box complex (E. brownii x E. populnea). Both of these complexes demonstrate continuous morphological variation across their clines. The origin of these morphological clines has previously been interpreted as the product of secondary contact between allopatric species. In this study, an analysis of morphological variation across the clines did not identify an increase in trait variance in the intermediate populations, which suggests that previous theories concerning the origin of these clines may not be valid. Genetic structuring in nuclear and chloroplast DNA was examined across the clines to investigate whether the morphological clines were the product of secondary contact between two independent evolutionary lineages, or whether the clines represent a single evolutionary lineage that has undergone primary differentiation. The microsatellite analyses indicated that there was little genetic structuring across either cline, and that there were only low levels of population differentiation. The lack of hierarchical structuring in the distribution of nuclear genetic variation suggests that these clines are unlikely to be the product of recent gene flow between two formerly allopatric species/populations. A nested clade analysis of the JLA+ region of the cpDNA provides additional evidence to reject the null hypothesis that the morphospecies classifications represent distinct evolutionary lineages. Instead the analyses indicate that each cline represents a single cohesion species and a single evolutionary lineage. The phylogeographic distribution of cpDNA haplotypes is likely to have resulted from restricted seed mediated gene flow with isolation by distance. A more cogent explanation for the clines, based on the genetic data, is that they have arisen through the process of continuous morphological diversification that has been promoted by a directional selection gradient. Drought experiments were conducted in the glasshouse to investigate whether differences in physiological performance under water stress helps to explain the maintenance of the ironbark cline. Under increasing water stress, the morphotypes showed differences in their ability to maintain water status and photosynthetic rates, yet there was no obvious pattern to these differences across the cline. Physiological differences are therefore inadequate to explain the maintenance of the ironbark cline and highlight the compensatory role that morphological variation may play in alleviating water stress. The value of adopting the cohesion species concept and a hypothesis-testing framework to assess species status is demonstrated in this study. This framework provided a statistical approach to distinguish independent evolutionary lineages from interspecific populations and provides evidence to refute the current species status of the species complexes studied. Eucalypt classification is predominantly based on morphology, which results in taxonomic classification that may not reflect genealogical relationships. This is due to the disparity between morphological and phylogenetic relationships. I therefore suggest that current presumptions regarding the prevalence and importance of hybridisation within the genus may reflect taxonomic classification. An accurate assessment of the prevalence and importance of hybridisation requires species classification to be based on genealogical relationships.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Australian School of Environmental Studies
Full Text
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Calabria, Garcia Gemma. "Inversions cromosòmiques, clines i adaptació a "Drosophila suboscura": aproximació mitjançant marcadors moleculars". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/97297.
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Drosophila subobscura és una espècie amb un polimorfisme cromosòmic molt ric, adaptatiu i que actualment està responent al canvi climàtic. Malgrat això, encara es desconeixen els mecanismes selectius que mantenen les inversions a les poblacions i fan que aquestes siguin adaptatives. Existeixen tres hipòtesis descrites per tal d’explicar el manteniment de les inversions a les poblacions: la hipòtesi de la Coadaptació de Dobszhansky, la hipòtesi de la selecció supergènica de Wassermann i la hipòtesi de l’Adaptació local de Kirkpatrick i Barton.
L’objectiu del present treball ha estat estudiar a D. subobscura el paper de les inversions cromosòmiques en l’adaptació a l’ambient i com es mantenen a les poblacions naturals. D’aquesta manera, es va analitzar el contingut genètic de les 4 inversions més freqüents del cromosoma O en set poblacions europees, localitzades al llarg d’un gradient latitudinal. S’han utilitzat marcadors moleculars com ara loci microsatèl•lits i gens candidats a l’adaptació tèrmica. Els resultats han mostrat una alta uniformitat genètica de les inversions cromosòmiques al llarg de la clina latitudinal, suggerint que el contingut genètic d’un determinat ordenament cromosòmic és constant a totes les poblacions. A més, en comparar diferents inversions, s’ha trobat una gran diferenciació genètica, essent l’OST el mes diferent. El gran desequilibri de lligament trobat entre dos dels gens, localitzats a més de 14Mb de distància i dins i fóra, respectivament de la inversió O7, podria estar suggerint l’existència d’interaccions epistàtiques entre ells. El conjunt dels nostres resultats indiquen que la hipòtesi de l’adaptació local és la que millor explicaria el manteniment de les inversions del cromosoma O de D. subobscura.
Per altra banda també, s’ha analitzat la relació de diferents ordenaments cromosòmics amb la termotolerància i la resposta al xoc tèrmic. Els nivells basals d’HSP70 en els individus homocariotips O3+4 són molt elevats i equivalents als nivells de proteïna mesurats després d’un xoc tèrmic en tots els homocariotips independentment del seu ordenament. Això, sumat a que presenten una major termotolerància i termopreferència en relació als individus portadors de l’ordenament OST, podria estar relacionat amb la clina latitudinal de freqüència que presenta d’aquest ordenament.Drosophila subobscura is a species with a highly rich inversion polymorphism, which has been shown to be adaptive and responding to global warming. However, the selective pressures acting on inversion how are they maintained in the populations are still unclear. Three main hypotheses have been proposed to explain the adaptive value of inversions: the Coadaptation hypothesis by Dobszhansky, the supergene selection postulated by Wassermann and the Local adaptation hypothesis of Kirkpatrick and Barton. In the present work we aimed to study in D. subobscura the role of chromosomal inversions in the adaptation to the environment and how are they maintained in the populations. To discriminate between the different hypotheses, the genetic content of the four more frequent arrangements of the O chromosome was analyzed in seven different populations located along a latitudinal cline. Different molecular markers such as microsatellite loci and candidate genes for thermal adaptation were used. The results showed a high genetic uniformity of inversions along the latitudinal cline, suggesting that the genetic content of each arrangement it is constant in all populations. Moreover, when comparing different arrangements, a high differentiation was found, being the OST the most different. The strong linkage disequilibrium found between two of the genes, despite being located 14Mb apart and inside and outside O7 inversion respectively could suggest the existence of epistatic interactions between them. Thus, the Local Adaptation hypothesis is the one that fits better our data and would explain the maintenance of the arrangements of the O chromosome of D. subobscura. Moreover, we have studied the relationship of the different chromosomal arrangements with the thermotolerance and the heat shock response. The results showed that O3+4 outbred individuals presented very high basal values of Hsp70 levels, equivalent to those measured after a heat shock in all the homokaryotypes independently of the arrangement. This, together with higher thermotolerance and thermopreference when comparing with the individuals carrying the OST arrangement, could be related whit the latitudinal cline of frequency that the O3+4 arrangement presents.
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Silva, Laura Helena Hafner da. "Variação morfologica em populações brasileiras de Drosophila melanogaster : variação latitudinal e temporal, herdabilidade e associação com inversões cromossomicas". [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316970.
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Orientador: Louis Bernard KlaczkoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T02:56:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_LauraHelenaHafnerda_M.pdf: 2141945 bytes, checksum: 17c00d0d744de62b04cc274305caedb5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Resumo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo caracterizar a variação do tamanho e forma das asas de populações de Drosophila melanogaster em três pontos ao longo de uma grande amplitude latitudinal na costa brasileira. O trabalho foi feito a partir de coletas realizadas no Recife, Rio de Janeiro e Porto Alegre, e os seguintes aspectos foram abordados: 1) variação geográfica; 2) variação temporal; 3) herdabilidade; e 4) a influência de inversões cromossômicas. Para este fim, o método da elipse foi aplicado a imagens digitalizadas das asas, e foram analisados: o tamanho das asas, sua forma e as posições dos pontos de junção e das extremidades das veias (caracterizadas por suas coordenadas angulares é radiais, essas padronizadas pelo tamanho da asa). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a variação de tamanho em D. melanogaster no Brasil segue a tendência mundial de formação de clines latitudinais, com indiv.íduos maiores sendo encontrados a latitudes também maiores. No entanto, a herdabilidade e a variação temporal entre múltiplas coletas realizadas no Recife e no Rio de Janeiro não apresentou um padrão regular nítido. O único efeito consistente e significativo de inversões cromossômicas que pudemos observar foi o de In(3R)Payne sobre o tamanho corporal, sendo também consistente com achados prévios descritos na literatura. Entretanto, não detectamos efeito significativo de interação genótipo-ambiente, quer entre coletas, quer entre localidades
Abstract: The present work aims to characterize the variation of wing size and shape in Drosophila melanogaster populations from three localities distributed along a wide latitudinal range of the Brazilian coast. The work was performed based on collections made in the cities of Recife, Rio de Janeiro and Porto Alegre. The aspects studied were: 1) geographic variation; 2) temporal variation; 3) heritability; and 4) the influence of chromosomal inversions. To this end, the ellipse method was applied to digitized images of the wings. We analyzed wing size, wing shape and the position of vein junctions and extremities (characterized by their angular and radial coordinates, the latter being standardized by wing size). The results obtained showed that size variatiorn in Brazilian D. melanogaster follows the worldwide tendency toward the formation of latitudinal clines, with larger individuaJs being found at higher latitudes. However, the heritability and temporal variation among multiple collections performed in Recife and Rio de Janeiro did not show a clear regular pattern. The only consistent and significant effect of chromosomal inversions that we could observe was that of In(3R)Payne on body size, which is also consistent with previous findings reported in the literature. However, we did not detect a significant effect of genotype-environment interactions, neither among collections, nor among localities
Mestrado
Genetica Animal e Evolução
Mestre em Genética e Biologia Molecular
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Tolfesbo, Tyra. ""In the oracle of the mirror" : Fogliga och trotsiga kroppar i Emma Clines The Girls". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Litteraturvetenskapliga institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447368.
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Bawa, Rajesh K. "Signatures of natural selection and local adaptation in Populus trichocarpa and Populus deltoides along latitudinal clines". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36356.
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Trees, like many other organisms, decrease their rate of metabolic activities to cope up with harsh environments. This stage of â dormancyâ is marked by shedding of leaves and bud-set in deciduous trees. Recent studies have revealed the role of the circadian clock in synchronizing the timing of dormancy and physiology for conferring fitness in trees. To better understand the possible role of natural selection on circadian clock-related genes in climatic adaptation, I took a candidate gene approach, selecting circadian clock genes, some of which had been functionally validated, and others hypothesized, to identify signatures of natural selection in Populus trichocarpa and P. deltoides. Using both frequency spectrum based tests and tests of heterogeneity, I identified genetic variants deviating from selective neutrality. Results reveal that photoreceptors and dormancy regulator genes may have been the targets of natural selection. Nearly the same levels of selective constraints were found in different functional groups of genes irrespective of pleiotropy. Further, upstream regions of all genes showed high selective constraint, with some of them (FT-2, PIF-4, FRIGIDA) showing significantly higher variation than the other genes, hinting at the role of non-coding regulatory regions in local adaption. In some cases, the same genes in both species appeared as outliers, including PIF-6, FRI, FT-2, SRR1, TIC, and CO, which might reflect their common role in adaptation across species boundaries. All of these results indicate a complex nature of phenology regulation and local adaptation in Populus species with photoreceptors and dormancy regulator genes playing key roles.Master of Science
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Schield, Drew R., Richard H. Adams, Daren C. Card, Blair W. Perry, Giulia M. Pasquesi, Tereza Jezkova, Daniel M. Portik i in. "Insight into the roles of selection in speciation from genomic patterns of divergence and introgression in secondary contact in venomous rattlesnakes". WILEY, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624693.
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Investigating secondary contact of historically isolated lineages can provide insight into how selection and drift influence genomic divergence and admixture. Here, we studied the genomic landscape of divergence and introgression following secondary contact between lineages of the Western Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) to determine whether genomic regions under selection in allopatry also contribute to reproductive isolation during introgression. We used thousands of nuclear loci to study genomic differentiation between two lineages that have experienced recent secondary contact following isolation, and incorporated sampling from a zone of secondary contact to identify loci that are resistant to gene flow in hybrids. Comparisons of patterns of divergence and introgression revealed a positive relationship between allelic differentiation and resistance to introgression across the genome, and greater-than-expected overlap between genes linked to lineage-specific divergence and loci that resist introgression. Genes linked to putatively selected markers were related to prominent aspects of rattlesnake biology that differ between populations of Western Diamondback rattlesnakes (i.e., venom and reproductive phenotypes). We also found evidence for selection against introgression of genes that may contribute to cytonuclear incompatibility, consistent with previously observed biased patterns of nuclear and mitochondrial alleles suggestive of partial reproductive isolation due to cytonuclear incompatibilities. Our results provide a genome-scale perspective on the relationships between divergence and introgression in secondary contact that is relevant for understanding the roles of selection in maintaining partial isolation of lineages, causing admixing lineages to not completely homogenize.
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Van, Holst Pellekaan Sheila M. "Craniometrics, clines and climate : a study of environmental adaptation in holocene aborigines from the east coast of Australia". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1990. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26448.
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Statistically significant correlations between anthropometric land environmental variables havel I been demonstrated in samples of Holocene Aboriginal crania and mandibles from the east coast of Australia. In testing for variation that may be attributed to climatic adaptation, the model of decreased nasal breadth in colder climates is not supported, but increased cranial breadth is included in principal component scores which correlate with increased latitude and decreased temperatures. Thus the model of increased brachycephalization as a response to decreased temperature is not refuted by these results, but the support demonstrated is secondary to more impressive results for the face and mandibles, for which thermoregulatory explanations have not hitherto been suggested.
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Rieux, Adrien. "Etude des processus de dispersion et des flux géniques chez un champignon phytopathogène : le cas de Mycosphaerella fijiensis à l’échelle d’un bassin de production Camerounais". Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NSAM0011.
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La dispersion est un processus clef dans la dynamique et l'évolution des populations naturelles. En plus de son rôle primordial dans les processus de colonisation, la dispersion influence également les processus d'adaptation des organismes. Chez les pathogènes, une meilleure compréhension des processus de dispersion apparaît de ce fait être un enjeu majeur pour mieux les contrôler. Durant cette thèse, nous avons étudié les processus de dispersion et quantifié les flux de gènes qui en découlent chez le champignon parasite du bananier Mycosphaerella fijiensis. Cette étude a été réalisée à l'échelle locale d'un bassin de production du Cameroun (la région dite du Moungo) et nous avons combiné plusieurs approches complémentaires considérant différentes échelles spatio-temporelles. Dans un premier temps, nous avons décrit, à l'aide de marqueurs génétiques neutres, la structuration spatiale des populations de M. fijiensis dans la région du Moungo qui présente différentes barrières potentielles à la dispersion. Nous n'avons décelé aucun effet du paysage ni de la distance géographique sur la structuration génétique. Cependant, une rupture spatiale dans les fréquences alléliques, vraisemblablement de nature historique a été mise en évidence. Ces résultats suggèrent l'existence de grandes populations de M. fijiensis s'écartant de l'équilibre mutation-dérive. Dans un second temps, nous avons utilisé la théorie des clines génétiques pour étudier les forces à l'origine de la mise en en place et de l'évolution de gradients spatiaux de fréquences alléliques. En particulier, l'analyse de la variation spatio-temporelle de la discontinuité génétique précédemment détectée par un modèle de clines neutres nous a permis d'estimer l'intensité des flux géniques ( =1175 m/génération). Finalement, nous avons mesuré la distribution des distances de dispersion des deux types de spores produites par M. fijiensis à partir d'une source d'inoculum primaire. Cette expérimentation nous a permis de confirmer que les ascospores participent à une dispersion à grande distance alors que les conidies sont impliquées dans une dispersion à très courte distance. Nous avons estimé une distance moyenne de dispersion de 3,12 et de 283 mètres/génération respectivement pour les conidies et les ascospores et montré que le noyau de dispersion des ascospores est caractérisé par une queue lourde. Cette thèse a permis de préciser comment M. fijiensis se disperse et les estimations réalisées pourront être intégrées dans des modèles théoriques afin de mieux comprendre l'évolution des résistances aux fongicides et de définir des stratégies durables d'utilisation raisonnée des traitements chimiquesDispersal is a key process for both the dynamics and evolution of natural populations. In addition to being crucial for colonization, dispersal also influences the processes occurring during adaptation. For pathogens, a better understanding of dispersal processes may improve our capacity to control the diseases that they cause. In this thesis, we studied dispersal processes and quantified gene flow in the banana plant pathogen Mycosphaerella fijiensis at the local scale of a production area in South-West Cameroon (named Moungo). For this purpose, several approaches differing in the spatio-temporal scale to which they refer were combined. First, neutral markers were used to describe the spatial genetic structure of this pathogen in the Moungo area, which includes several potential ecological barriers to dispersal. No effects on genetic structure of landscape elements or geographical distance were found. However, we detected a spatial break in allelic frequencies that appeared to be explained by an historical event. This result suggests the existence of large M. fijiensis populations out of the mutation-migration-drift genetic equilibrium. Second, genetic cline theory was applied to study the evolutionary forces implicated in the installation and evolution of spatial gradients in allelic frequencies. More specifically, we analysed the spatio-temporal variation of the genetic discontinuity previously detected through a neutral cline model to estimate the intensity of gene flow in this area ( =1175 m/generation). Lastly, we measured the distribution of dispersal distances of M. fijiensis spores from a primary source of inoculum was. Such an experiment allowed us to confirm that conidia are implicated in short-distance dispersal whereas ascospores are responsible for spread of the disease over longer distances. The estimated mean dispersal distance travelled by spores was 3.12 and 283 metres/generation for conidia and ascospores, respectively, and the ascospore dispersal kernel was shown to be fat-tailed. This thesis adds to global knowledge of M. fijiensis dispersal and the measures of dispersal estimated in this work will be useful in parameterizing models aimed at a better understanding of the spatial patterns of fungicide resistance evolution under different management strategies
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Weaver, Stewart Goodall. "Empathy, metaphor and symbol : a rhetorical study of the servant songs in their Deutero-Isaianic context based on the work of D.J.A. Clines". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/30900.
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The introductory chapter mentions the work of B. Duhm on the book of Isaiah and his arguments for the existence of four servant songs (Isa. 42.1-4; 49.1-6; 50.4-9; and 52.13-53.12) within chs. 40-55. These chapters are now frequently referred to Deutero-Isaiah (DI). Several works summarising proposals for the identity of the servant in DI are discussed, and recent opinions disputing the distinctiveness of the songs within their DI context are presented. The trend towards an interpretation of the songs within DI is not unrelated to rhetorical criticism and a short overview of the work of some scholars using this method in DI is provided. Several works in the last few years have noted the rhetorical study of Isa. 52.13-53.12 (Isa. 53) offered by D.J.A. Clines, I, He, We and They. Clines' study is summarised and reactions to it are given. It is suggested that his approach may provide a model for studying the other songs and a starting point in order to obtain further insight into the possible identity of the servant and the relationship between the songs and the wider DI context. The next chapter provides and discusses a translation of the notoriously difficult Isa. 52. Chapter 3 presents an overview of rhetorical criticism, and Isa. 53 is then studied according to its precepts. Clines had argued that the poem centres on the servant but it is proposed that the poem also centres on the first person plural persona, Clines' we. His proposals concerning the effect of the servant on the reader are modified. Definitions of empathy are given and it is argued that the poem elicits empathy for both the servant and us. It is then suggested that empathy informs other relationships described in the poem. In the next two chapters it is proposed that empathy informs relationships depicted within 42.1-4 and 49.1-6 and that these poems too elicit empathy from the reader. In chapter 6 it is argued that Isa. 50.4-11 can be interpreted as a poetic unit, one which similarly describes relationships informed by empathy and elicits empathy.
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Bermond, Gérald. "Invasion, démographie et évolution : le cas de l'hybridation". Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00959382.
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Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le contexte de la biologie de l'invasion de la chrysomèle des racines du maïs, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (Dvv), en Europe. Les introductions multiples de cette peste sur le vieux continent à partir des années 1990 et en provenance des États-Unis ont conduit à la formation de plusieurs foyers envahissants dont deux principaux, différenciés génétiquement et situés en Italie du Nord-Ouest (Italie NO) et en Europe Centrale et du Sud-Est (Europe CSE). Ces deux foyers sont entrés en contact en 2008, en Italie du Nord, dans la région de la Vénétie. L'objectif principal de ces trois années de recherche était de détecter, d'étudier et de documenter un cas précis d'hybridation au cours d'une invasion biologique. Dans un premier temps, j'ai montré que la zone de contact détectée en Vénétie résultait bien en une zone hybride. Pour cela plusieurs types d'analyses de génétique des populations ont été réalisés à l'aide de marqueurs micro-satellites. Dans un second temps, j'ai exploité cette zone hybride et utilisé la théorie des clines neutres et le déséquilibre de liaison pour estimer la dispersion (σ) de Dvv en Italie du Nord aux alentours de 20 km.génération−1/2. Enfin j'ai montré l'absence d'impact de l'hybridation au cours de l'invasion européenne de Dvv in natura, en mesurant sur des génotypes hybrides et parentaux, de nombreux traits phénotypiques positivement liés à la fitness des individus. Ainsi, une sélection ou contre sélection des hybrides est à exclure dans ce cas précis d'hybridation et la dynamique de l'invasion de cette peste en Europe ne devrait être affectée en aucune façon.
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Lindgren, Beatrice. "Adaptation Along Environmental Gradients: an Evaluation of Physiological Mechanisms and Ecological Constraints". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Ecology and Evolution, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8310.
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For ectotherms living in seasonal environments, time available for development and growth is often constrained by the length of the growth season. Declining season length towards higher latitudes often select for latitudinal clines in development and growth rates, exhibiting increasing growth and developmental rates towards the north. However, the physiological and ecological factors enabling these clines are poorly understood.
Our study system included eight populations of Rana temporaria along a 1500 km latitudinal gradient. We found increased growth rates in populations at higher latitudes to be the result of higher growth efficiency, partly due to increased relative gut length. Populations with higher growth rates also exhibited lower standard metabolic rates, implying that fast-growing individuals are able to achieve high growth rates by spending less energy on maintenance metabolism under low activity conditions.
Predator densities, and antipredatory defenses in prey, are assumed to decrease towards higher latitudes. While all study populations responded to predator presence by decreasing activity and foraging, high latitude populations maintained higher activity levels in the presence of the predator. In trials with a free-ranging predator, high latitude tadpoles experienced higher mortality than those from the low latitudes. The higher activity level in the northern populations increases mortality under predation risk, but is probably needed to maintain high growth and development rates.
When competing over resources, tadpoles from the low latitude population were inferior competitors, as indicated by their longer development time when raised together with high latitude tadpoles. We found no effect of latitude on size-corrected burst speed. The general effect of predator presence on burst speed depended on food availability, with well fed tadpoles being faster in the absence, and food restricted being faster in the presence of a predator.
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Trussell, Geoffrey Clayton. "Phenotypic clines in the intertidal snail Littorina obtusata: The role of water temperature and predator effluent as inducers of phenotypic plasticity and associated trade-offs in shell form". W&M ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616881.
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I examined variability in the shell form of 25 Littorina obtusata populations from Massachusetts to northern Maine. I chose this scale because the history of one of L. obtusata's principal predators, the crab Carcinus maenas, has changed dramatically in the past 100 years. Before 1900, Carcinus did not occur north of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, but by 1950 it had reached Canadian border. Moreover, in summer water temperatures during average 6-8&\sp\circ&C colder at northern locations. Shell thickness and mass increased and body mass decreased with increasing latitude. to test whether these patterns reflect plasticity in response to predators, snails from two northern and two southern populations were raised in the laboratory with and without Carcinus effluent. Snails raised with Carcinus produced thicker shells than conspecifics raised without Carcinus. This response was accompanied by reduced body size and body growth. Another experiment examined whether geographic differences in water temperature induce changes in shell form. Snails reciprocally transplanted between a northern (Maine) and southern (Massachusetts) exhibited substantial plasticity in shell form. Southern snails transplanted north produced significantly thinner, lighter, shells than snails raised at their native shore, while northern snails transplanted south produced thicker, heavier shells than snails raised at the native shore. In addition, snails producing thicker, heavier shells exhibited reduced body mass and growth. Although patterns in final phenotypes exhibited cogradient variation, growth in both shell thickness and mass exhibited countergradient gradient variation. Most examples of countergradient variation are associated with temperature differences suggesting that differences in water temperature are responsible for this pattern. A third experiment involved reciprocally transplanting snails between the same two sites (temperature effect) and raising them with and without Carcinus effluent. In general, Carcinus effluent and warmer water temperatures induced thicker, heavier shells and reduced body mass and growth. Overall, it appears that predator effluent and water temperature have similar effects on shell form. My work on phenotypic plasticity encourages a more pluralistic view of phenotypic variation. Moreover, my results suggest that phenotypic plasticity is a ubiquitous strategy in adapting to different environments and that its evolution may be driven by life history trade-offs.
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Bos, Antoine. "Natural variation in cold adaptation and freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana". Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1947.
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Bubadué, Jamile de Moura. "FATORES DETERMINANTES DA VARIAÇÃO DO CRÂNIO DE CANÍDEOS SUL-AMERICANOS". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5334.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorRight after the arising of the Panama isthmus, the family Canidae colonized South America, around 2.6-2.4 million years ago. Although canids radiation in South America is recent, this region holds the largest canid diversity in the world, with more than 10 extant species. This great diversity is also notable when dealing with the ecomorphological variation of these animals. The maned-wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), a large omnivore, and the bush-dog (Speothos venaticus), a small hypercarnivore, are the extreme exemples of this variation. Such shape diversity can be potentially explained by both abiotic, such as climate, and biotic factors, like competition. These factors may have contributed for stabilizing the south-american canids community. Thus, this study aimed to investigate what drives this ecomorphological amplitude, as well as to understand how can similar species coexist when overlapping their distributional ranges, such as the crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous), which has sympatric areas with Lycalopex vetulus and L. gymnocercus, two foxes ecologically similar to Cerdocyon thous. To answer these questions, 431 especies were photographed in nine South-American museums. Through geometric morphometric procedures, it was possible to quantify the phenotypic variation of eight canid species (Atelocynus microtis, C. thous, C. brachyurus, L. culpaeus, L. griseus, L. gymnocercus, L. vetulus e S. venaticus) throughout their geographical range and then test the contribution of biotic and abiotic factors driving this variation. The evidences presented in this study suggest C. thous alters its shape and body size when in sympatry with two Lycalopex species, pattern described by character displacement , which is when similar species shift their phenotype in order to minimize competition. Besides, C. thous also follows the Bergmann s rule, which predicts that body size increases at larger latitudes. When considering the canid community as a whole, climate was identified as the main factor contributing to phenotypic variation in these animals. Competition has a weaker impact in south-american canids skull morphology, although it may have played a larger role in the past, when the ecomorphological diversity in the subcontinent was even larger.
Logo após a emergência completa do istmo do Panamá, a família Canidae colonizou a América do Sul, há, aproximadamente, 2.6-2.4 milhões de anos atrás. Embora a radiação dos canídeos seja recente na América do Sul, esta região compõe a maior diversidade atual de espécies desta família no mundo, com mais de 10 espécies viventes. Esta grande biodiversidade também é notável na variação ecomorfológica destes animais. Exemplo disso são os dois extremos desta variação: o lobo-guará (Chrysocyon thous), um animal onívoro de grande tamanho corporal; e o cachorro-vinagre (Speothos venaticus), espécie hipercarnívora de pequeno porte. Tamanha diversidade de formas pode potencialmente ser explicada tanto por fatores abióticos, como o clima, e bióticos, como a competição. Ambos os fatores podem ter contribuído para a estabilização da comunidade de canídeos sul-americana. Por isso, este estudo se propôs a investigar o que impulsionou esta amplitude ecomorfológica, bem como entender como espécies mais similares coexistem quando em sobreposição distribucional, como o graxaim-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous), que possui área simpátrica a Lycalopex vetulus e L. gymnocercus, duas raposas ecologicamente similares a Cerdocyon thous. Para tanto, 431 espécimens foram fotografados em nove museus da América do Sul. Através de procedimentos de morfometria geométrica, foi possível quantificar a variação fenotípica de oito espécies de canídeos (Atelocynus microtis, C. thous, C. brachyurus, L. culpaeus, L. griseus, L. gymnocercus, L. vetulus e S. venaticus), ao longo de sua distribuição geográfica, e então testar a contribuição dos fatores bióticos e abióticos nesta variação. As evidências deste estudo sugerem que C. thous altera sua forma e tamanho corporal quando em simpatria com as duas espécies de Lycalopex, padrão descrito pelo deslocamento de caráter , quando espécies semelhantes alteram seu fenótipo em simpatria, a fim de minimizar a competição. Além disso, C. thous também segue a regra de Bergmann, que prevê um aumento de tamanho corporal com o aumento da latitude. Ao considerar a comunidade de canídeos como um todo, o clima foi identificado como o fator que mais contribuiu para a variação fenotípica destes animais. A competição, por sua vez, tem um impacto mais fraco na morfologia do crânio dos canídeos sul-americanos, embora possa ter tido uma maior contribuição no passado, quando a diversidade ecomorfológica no subcontinente era ainda maior.
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Hemphill, Jean Croce, i C. Kirk. "Client Outcomes in a Nurse-Managed Homeless Clinic". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1992. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7598.
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Pounds, Karen Vincent. "Client nurse interactions with schizophrenic clients : a descriptive study /". View online ; access limited to URI, 2008. http://0-digitalcommons.uri.edu.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/AAI3314447.
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Wolverton, Katherine Gray. "A Qualitative Study on the Experiences of Therapists who Have Been Threatened with Harm or Attacked by a Client or a Relative of a Client During the Course of Treatment in a Non-Residential Setting". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73337.
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This qualitative study used a phenomenological approach to understand the experience of six therapists who had been threatened with harm or attacked by a client or a relative of a client in an outpatient setting. Semi-structured interviews were employed to collect data which were then analyzed using thematic coding. While some of the results of this study are consistent with existing literature on attacks on clinicians in acute inpatient settings, many of the study findings suggest that the experiences of therapists working in an outpatient setting who are threatened by a client or a relative of client are unique to that setting. Clinical implications are discussed.Master of Science
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Hobbs, Rhodina Marie. "Client perceptions of a street nurse clinic : a qualitative study". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42305.
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The purpose of this study was to discover and understand client perceptions of the Cammy LaFleur Street Clinic (CLSC). The CLSC was a harm reduction strategy that offered health and social care to people living homeless and near homeless in a region known as the North Okanagan, in British Columbia Canada. This naturalistic inquiry utilized qualitative description as its methodology. Twelve clients participated in audio-taped, semi-structured, face-to-face interviews. Eleven interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using constant comparison analysis.
Clients described care found at the CLSC according to four distinct, yet interdependent themes: place, mattering, ability to meet ones’ own needs, and being ‘OK’. Clients perceived the CLSC to be a safe and inclusive place. Their perceptions of mattering were shaped by the trust they had in the staff’s understanding, acceptance, willingness to care for them, and to be there for them. Free and unconditional access to information, basic supplies, and referrals to health and social care and community-based helping initiatives, promoted independence and the development of self-compassion, strengths, and motivation for health and wellness.
The findings of this study reveal that there is more to be gained by drawing on the expertise of people than by shaming them into silence. Clients of the CLSC gave voice to the benefits of being recognized and acknowledged for knowing what was needed to support them in health and wellness. An understanding of their experiences and perceptions may give nursing the foundation to develop a strength-based model of care specific to vulnerable populations. It would be one focused on mattering and the elements of care that promote perceptions of mattering.
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Randall-Sungar, Katie L. "Indicators of Client Engagement in a University Psychotherapy Training Clinic". Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1533079742101742.
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Lin, Jingping Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Systems and Computer. "Performance analysis of client-server systems with multi-threaded clients". Ottawa, 1994.
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Rosette, Joyce Flannigan 1953. "Clients' perceptions of the benefits of the Psychiatric Wellness Clinic". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291337.
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A descriptive qualitative research method was used in this study. In this study, five women were asked to describe their perceptions of how effective the Psychiatric Wellness Clinic interventions were in controlling their depression symptoms. With the decreased availability of state funding, the standard form of treatment was no longer available. This Psychiatric Wellness Clinic concept was developed as a mechanism to provide this patient population with skills that would empower them to take care of themselves and decreased dependency on the system. This researcher wanted to see if the clients felt that the program had make them feel less depressed. If so, it would be inferred that the clients were participating in controlling their own mental health well being. The findings in this study indicate that clients do perceive the Psychiatric Wellness Clinic as effective in decreasing depression symptoms.
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Laugen, Ane Timenes. "Local Adaptation, Countergradient Variation and Ecological Genetics of Life-history Traits in Rana Temporaria". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Populationsbiologi, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3332.
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The main aim of this work was to identify local adaptation processes in amphibian populations, thereby improving the general understanding of genetics and mechanisms behind the evolution and maintenance of biological diversity. Phenotypic and genetic variation in life-history traits was studied within and between populations common frog (Rana temporaria) populations along a 1600 km transect from southern Sweden to northern Finland. Embryonic and larval development and growth was investigated both under field and laboratory conditions. The results suggest ample genetic diversity in larval life-history traits among Fennoscandian common frog populations. Larval developmental rate along the gradient has evolved a countergradient variation pattern of genotypes and phenotypes as indicated by the positive relationship between developmental rate and latitude under laboratory conditions and the lack of such a relationship in the field. The data suggest that this pattern has evolved because of time constraints due to decreasing length of growth season with latitude. Neither field-caught adults nor laboratory raised larvae displayed a linear latitudinal size cline as expected from the so called Bergmanns rule. Rather, size increased towards the mid-latitude populations and decreased thereafter, indicating that body size is a product of direct environmental induction or a trade-off with other life-history characters. Age and size at hatching showed no consistent latitudinal pattern, indicating that the embryonic stage is not as time constrained as the larval stage. A large part of the variation in age and size at metamorphosis among populations was due to additive genetic effects. However, small, but significant maternal effects, mostly due to variation in egg size and non-additive genetic effects also contributed to among population variation. A comparison of divergence in presumably neutral molecular genetic markers (FST) and quantitative characters (QST) revealed that although both estimates of divergence were relatively high, estimates of QST was generally higher than those of FST, indicating that the genetic variation observed in larval traits is primarily a result of natural selection rather than genetic drift. Hence, our results reinforce the conclusion that intraspecific genetic heterogeneity in the young northern European ecosystems may be more widespread than previously anticipated
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Eid, Tarek. "Why do Physicians Volunteer at Medical Schools and Free Clinics?" Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626849.
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Liu, Enwu. "Factors influencing client retention in methadone maintenance treatment clinics in China". Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1580792601&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Li, Xiaoyan. "Clinic delivery trends : public health clinics in Cape Town Central district". Thesis, Cape Technikon, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/780.
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Thesis (MTech (Environmental Health))--Cape Technikon, 2003This is a retrospective (descriptive) study ofclinic delivery trends rendered in Cape Town Central District between July 1995 and June 2002. The study describes the history of clinic service delivery in Cape Town Central District, which includes the Primary Health Care model, as well as the District Health system. Clinic delivery trends for the following three periods are determined: I:] Before the implementation ofthe New Health Plan: July 1995 - July 1996; I:] During the implementation of the New Health Plan: July 1997 - June 1998; I:] After the implementation of the New Health Plan: July 1998 - June 2002. The study also determines and compares the nature ofpublic health clinic services delivered during the study period. No official annual health reports were compiled by Cape Town Administration since July 1997. This study therefore serves to determine disease and clinic trends for the periods where no such aonual reports are available. It is important to determine health delivery trends for future strategic plaoning purposes. Changes to the nature and extent ofservices rendered by public health clinics were brought about by the following factors: Cl One approach of Primary Health Care is to refer more patients to public health clinics in order to release pressure from the major tertiary hospitals. If this Primary Health Care (PHC) model is provided appropriately, about 80% ofhealth problems should be solved without referral to another level of care; Cl A number of free public health clinic services have been introduced since the democratization of South Africa in 1994, such as free services to expectant mothers as well as free clinic services to children younger than six years; Cl New clinic services have been added, such as provision ofmedication to stabilized mental health patients; Cl HIV/AIDS has become an international pandemic over the past decade and has shown a 660.8% increase in Cape Town Central District; Cl A limited (19.8%) increase in the population for that area during the study period; Cl Clinic services have been legislated as a nurse driven service since 1997, with an additional emphasis on the curative roles of nurses (traditional roles of nurses at public health clinics were largely preventive and promotive).
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Deeb-Sossa, Natalia Kleinman Sherryl. "Inequalities at work health care workers and clients in a community clinic /". Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,423.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Sociology." Discipline: Sociology; Department/School: Sociology.
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Hong, Soon-Duk. "Effectiveness of client education in promoting compliance among Korean elderly hypertensive clients /". Staten Island, N.Y. : [s.n.], 1990. http://library.wagner.edu/theses/nursing/1990/thesis_nur_1990_jenki_hong_effec.pdf.
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Ilagan, Guy E. "Examining client motivation and counseling outcome in a university mental health clinic". Connect to this title online, 2009. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1263396474/.
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Sather, Nels. "The Effects of a Pre-Therapy Client Orientation on Clients in Psychotherapy". DigitalCommons@USU, 1987. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5970.
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The purpose of this research was to assess the effects of a pre-therapy client orientation on clients admitted to a mental health center. A secondary purpose was to develop an effective and brief audio-visual orientation that would positively influence clients in therapy. It was hypothesized that a pre-therapy orientation would significantly reduce client no shows and cancellations, increase client fee payment, increase client level of psychological functioning, and increase client satisfaction with mental health services. None of the four hypotheses was supported by the research. A questionnaire filled out by the therapists involved in the study, after the data were collected, revealed that all of the therapists oriented their clients to therapy to varying degrees. This may account, in part, for the lack of results. Implications for future research suggest investigation into the development and evaluation of training programs for individual therapists to orient their clients in the most systematic, optimal fashion. Research should also focus on the magnitude of change after a pre-therapy orientation and the development of instruments of sufficient sensitivity to detect that change.
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Bills, Randy K. "Aligning salary expense and workload output In a complex military medical system /". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Jun%5FBills.pdf.
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Adams, Rukshana. "Experiences and perceptions of clients attending a South African university sexual health clinic". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97032.
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Thesis (MCur)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: he sexual health clinic at Stellenbosch University is attended by staff members and students. Yet, limited evidence exists regarding the views and expectations of the clients on service delivery at the sexual health clinic. The aim of the study was to explore the experiences and perceptions of clients attending the sexual health services offered at the campus health clinic. The following objectives were set: To explore the experiences and perceptions of the clients attending the sexual health service on service delivery. To identify the needs of the clients attending the sexual health service A descriptive qualitative approach was applied utilizing in-depth interviews. A sample of n=15 was drawn through purposive sampling and data saturation was achieved with the sample. Since the researcher is employed as a registered professional nurse at the clinic, data collection was completed by a researcher not affiliated to the university. Data was analyzed utilizing an interpretive approach. All applicable ethical principles such as anonymity, confidentiality and privacy were taken into consideration. The validity of the findings was enhanced through efforts to attain credibility, transferability, dependability and conformability. The findings of the study revealed that accessibility of the clinic is influenced by the geographical location of the clinic and that marketing and awareness of services requires attention. Other themes that emerged were operational hours, waiting period, building relationships, consultations and financial implications.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die seksuele gesondheidskliniek by Universiteit Stellenbosch word deur personeel en studente besoek. Daar is egter min bewyse oor die sieninge en verwagtinge van die kliente aangaande dienslewering by die seksuele gesondheidskliniek. Die doel van die studie was om die ervaringe en sieninge van kliente wat die seksuele gesondheidsdienste bywoon, aangebied deur die seksuele gesondheidskliniek, te ondersoek. Die volgende doelwitte was gestel: Om die ervaringe en sieninge van kliente aangaande dienslewering by die seksuele gesondheidskliniek te ondersoek. Om die behoeftes van die kliente wat die seksuele gesondheidsdienste bywoon, te identifiseer. ʼn Beskrywende kwalitatiewe benadering was toegepas deur van in-diepte onderhoude gebruik te maak. ʼn Steekproef van n=15 was deur doelgerigte steekproefneming verkry en data-versadiging was met die steekproef bereik. Siende die navorser as ʼn geregistreerde professionele verpleegster by die kliniek in-diens is, was data-versameling deur ʼn navorser wat nie aan die universiteit verbonde is nie, voltooi. Data was deur ʼn interpreterende benadering geanaliseer. Alle verwante etiese beginsels soos anonimiteit, vertroulikheid en privaatheid was in berekening geneem. Die geldigheid van die bevindinge was versterk deur pogings om geloofwaardigheid, oordraagbaarheid, betroubaarheid en bevestigbaarheid te verkry. Die bevindinge van die studie het getoon dat die toeganklikheid van die kliniek beïnvloed word deur die geografiese ligging van die kliniek en dat bemarking en die bewusmaking van dienste aandag benodig. Ander temas wat na vore gekom het, is operasionele tye, wagperiodes, verhoudinge, konsultasies en finansiële implikasies.
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Poll, Ray. "Non-attendance at drug service hepatitis C outreach clinics : clients and staff experiences". Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2014. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/8756/.
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Non-attendance in the drug service hepatitis C outreach clinic means clients miss essential components of care: being offered lifestyle advice such as limiting their alcohol intake (to prevent further progression of liver disease);a discussion about ways to avoid transmission to others; and referral for hospital treatment, which can be curative. In the absence of much empirical evidence many suggestions have been given for missed appointments by hepatitis C patients. For example, they forget, lead ‘chaotic lifestyles’, the infection is ‘not a priority’ to them and they are ‘hard-to-reach’. This study was undertaken to investigate beneath these ‘surface’ reasons for non-attendance. Thus, a realist approach was taken. The study comprised three phases of theory development and testing that incorporated qualitative telephone interviews with clients followed by a national survey of staff. All 28 clients who participated gave ‘surface’ or ‘prima-facie’ reasons for non-attendance. However, the study revealed hidden underlying factors (mechanisms). These were categorised under the themes: (i) ‘client characteristics’ e.g. ‘priority’ to score drugs and the ‘cost of travel’ (ii) ‘hepatitis C’ e.g. ‘no symptoms’ and fear of treatment ‘side-effects’ (iii) ‘clinic service’ e.g. ‘distance’ to the clinic and difficulty with ‘reimbursement’ of travel expenses. These mechanisms were produced within a complex context of factors including addiction, welfare policy and stigma. They were often played out in different ways and linked to other mechanisms. 41 out of 142 (29%) drug services in England ran a hepatitis C outreach clinic. There was general agreement with clients about reasons for nonattendance. However, there was some discordance, notably difficulty with walking. This study revealed a complex picture for non-attendance in a hepatitis C outreach clinic and makes an original contribution to knowledge about the reasons for missed appointments. This in turn has informed changes to practice which may engage more people into care and treatment for example, arranging scans to be undertaken on the day of clinic appointments.
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Melvill, Ann. "The UCT Child Guidance Clinic : changing client profile and policies in the 1990s". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7861.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 143-158).As UCT Child Guidance Clinic (CGC) practice and policy shifted markedly in response to the political turmoil and parallel crisis in South African psychology during the 1980s, this study investigates the effects of the ""new"" South Africa on CGC practice and clientele during the 1990s.
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Beasley, Brittany Nicole. "THE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG CLIENT-COUNSELOR ETHNIC MATCH, CLIENT CHARACTERISTICS, COUNSELOR CHARACTERISTICS, AND COUNSELING OUTCOMES FOR AFRICAN AMERICAN UNIVERSITY COUNSELING CENTER CLIENTS". OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1140.
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Abstract The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between (a) racial/ethnic matching between African American clients and their counselors (i.e., Black, White, and non-Black racial/ethnic minority counselors) and therapeutic outcomes (i.e., change in symptoms, treatment length, and premature termination), (b) while also controlling for the potential influences of client (i.e., initial distress level, family and social support, and socioeconomic status) and counselor (i.e., experience level) characteristics. Change in symptomology on specific domains of functioning (i.e., Depression, Generalized Anxiety, Academic Distress, and Distress Index) was assessed using the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms-34 (i.e., CCAPS-34; Locke et al., 2012). The change in symptomology was classified into one of three categories (i.e., improvement, no change, and deterioration). An archival data set that consisted of client data from the 2011-2012 academic year contributed by 120 university and college counseling centers in the U.S. that were participating members of the Center for Collegiate Mental Health was used. The sample sizes for the analyses were: 348 clients for change in functioning analyses, 1,418 clients for treatment length analyses, and 2,024 clients for premature termination analyses. The findings indicated that after controlling for the covariates, clients who were matched with White counselors were more likely to experience deterioration in overall distress symptoms, rather than no change in symptoms, compared to those who were matched to Black counselors. Also, those clients who were matched with White counselors were more likely to prematurely terminate their counseling sessions, compared to those who were matched to Black counselors or non-Black racial/ethnic minority counselors. The findings from this study may assist researchers and university counseling center staff in understanding the potential influence of ethnic matching on outcomes and service utilization for African American clients. Keywords: ethnic match, African American, outcome research, university counseling center, Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms
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Leibert, Todd W. "Relationship between client factors and symptom levels for clients in ongoing mental health treatment". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0011283.
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Barlow, Ingrid Gertrude. "Reliability and clinical utility of selected outcome measures with adult clients of seating clinics". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0004/MQ30732.pdf.
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Cheung, Pui-king. "The predictors of condom use among clients attending social hygiene clinics in Hong Kong /". View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38295982.
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Cheung, Pui-king, i 張佩瓊. "The predictors of condom use among clients attending social hygiene clinics in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45012039.
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Prout, Kerry Kathleen. "An Investigation of Clinically Significant Change Among Clients of a Doctoral Psychology Training Clinic". DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1979.
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The current study sought to examine client outcome data for clients seen for outpatient psychotherapy services by graduate-level student therapists in doctoral psychology training clinics in order to better understand the change process occurring in such settings and to examine whether services being offered are meaningful for clients. One hundred ninety-nine clients seen by graduate-level therapists at a training clinic setting were assessed on a session-by-session basis using the Outcome Questionnaire-45 in order to identify the percentage of clients who met criteria for clinically significant change, reliable improvement, no change, or deterioration in outcomes across the course of treatment. Approximately 28% of clients seen for treatment met criteria for clinically significant change at the termination of treatment and 23% reliably improved. Survival analysis indicated that the median time required to attain clinically significant change was six sessions. Current findings are compared to earlier investigations in both training and nontraining settings. The implications of these findings for education and training, client care and clinical services, and policy are discussed.
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Freeman, Michelle S. "The New Lease Standard: What You & Your Clients Need to Know". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5774.
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Freeman, Michelle S. "Implementing the New Lease Standard". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5779.
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Freeman, Michelle S. "Implementing the New Lease Standard". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5780.
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Knutsen, Johannes. "Web Service Clients on Mobile Android Devices : A Study on Architectural Alternatives and Client Performance". Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9857.
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This paper studies Android, a new open source software stack initiated by Google, and the possibilities of developing a mobile client for MPower, a service oriented architecture platform based upon SOAP messaging. The study focuses on the architectural alternatives, their impacts on the mobile client application, Android’s performance on SOAP messaging, and how Web services’ design can be optimized to give well performing Android clients. The results from this study shows how different architectures directly impacts properties, like off-line usage support, of a SOAP client application on Android. Additionally, the performance measurements shows that building Android client applications which directly invokes Web services with SOAP messaging is possible to make effective enough for typical usage situations. Further, the results indicates how Web services should be designed with care to minimize the required data transfer and processing on the device. Such careful design can be achieved by using coordinating Web services which hides complexity and provides an interface designed for the specific client applications.
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Padarath, Ashnie Pooran. "The status of clinic committees in primary level clinics in three provinces in South Africa". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2775.
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Magister Public Health - MPHIn South Africa, governance structures in the form of clinic committees, hospital boards and district health councils are intended to provide expression to the principle of community participation at a local and district level. They are meant to act as a link between communities and health services and to provide a conduit for the health needs and aspirations of the community to be represented at various local, districts, provincial and national levels. This study aimed to assess the functioning of health governance structures in the form of clinic committees. Specifically, the study sought to ascertain the number of clinic committees associated with public health facilities in three provinces in South Africa namely the Eastern Cape, Free State and KwaZulu Natal and to identify the factors that are perceived by clinic committee members to either facilitate or impede the effective functioning of clinic committees.
South Africa
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Rieck, Troy P. "Supervisors, Trainees, and Client Outcomes in the Training Clinic: Toward an Understanding of Relational Factors". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700077/.
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Estimates of healthy years of life lost due to mental illness are increasing, calling greater attention to the provision of effective psychotherapy services. Hypothesized to be the key mechanism through which competencies are developed in trainee clinicians and subsequent client outcomes, clinical supervision is deserving of greater attention. Drawing on a sample of supervisors, trainees, and clients from a training clinic, the present study sought to clarify the relational factors that could facilitate the asserted supervisor-client outcome link and to better understand if, and how, clinical supervisors influence client outcomes. With the exception of supervisor openness to experience, supervisor factors did not predict meaningful variance in client outcomes. Trainee extraversion and openness to experience predicted significant variance in leader-member exchange and supervisory working alliance. Dispositional trainee factors (e.g., personality) appear to impact trainee perceptions of the supervisory relationship. Implications for training and development are discussed, in addition to directions for future research.
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Bäckman, Örjan. "Re-establishing reading skills of elderly low vision patients : studies on Swedish low vision clinic clients /". Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4577-2/.
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Zhao, Xiaolin. "Reducing Unnecessary Sign-ups by The Development Solution of Super-client Driving Multiple Sub- clients( SDMS)". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-301239.
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Nowadays more and more web applications are becoming part of everybody’s daily life. Lots of Internet users are bothered by having to create new accounts on websites. But at the same time, it is believed that sign-up as well as sign-in is a good registration solution which is difficult to replace. In this thesis we considered a certain scenario in which a number of people need a short period of co-operation for certain tasks by using a web application. If everyone creates an account, it will be significantly annoying since it will increase everyone’s work and extend the working period. Due to such consideration we have supplied a possible solution that one user with an account works as a super-client, and then generates short-lived login codes or links for others who work as sub-clients. This solution is called SDMS which is short for Super-client Driving Multiple Sub-clients. The thesis work contains the description and analysis of SDMS as well as designing and developing an example application. The example application is an online board game assistance platform, whose user scenario exactly fulfils the case of multiple users co-operating for a certain task that has been mentioned in the previous paragraph. Finally, we draw the conclusion that SDMS could improve the user experience in certain scenarios.Numera blir allt fler webbapplikationer en del av allas dagliga liv. Massor av Internetanvändare stors av att behöva skapa nya konton på webbplatser. Men samtidigt tror man att både registrering och inloggning ar en bra registreringslösning som ar svar att ersatta. I denna avhandling övervägde vi ett visst scenario dar ett antal personer behöver en kort period av samarbete for vissa uppgifter genom att använda en webbapplikation. Om alla skapar ett konto blir det väldigt irriterande eftersom det kommer att oka allas arbete och förlänga arbetsperioden. Pa grund av sådan övervägande har vi tillhandahållit en möjlig lösning att en användare med ett konto fungerar som en superklient och sedan genererar kortlivade inloggningskoder eller lankar for andra som arbetar som underklienter. Denna lösning kallas SDMS, vilket ar en förkortning for Super-client Driving Multiple Sub-clients. Examensarbetet innehåller beskrivning och analys av SDMS samt utformning och utveckling av en exempelapplikation. Exempelapplikationen ar en online brädspelassistansplattform, vars användarscenario exakt uppfyller fallet med att flera användare samarbetar for en viss uppgift som har nämnts i föregående stycke. Slutligen drar vi slutsatsen att SDMS kan förbättra användarupplevelsen i vissa scenarier.
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Wyatt, Nikkiah. "Black American Client Perceptions of the Treatment Process in a University Marriage and Family Therapy Clinic". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35208.
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Despite negative perceptions of therapy, Black Americans are seeking therapy. I interviewed 8 Black clients about their experience of MFT. I used the Multidimensional Inventory of Black Identity (MIBI; Sellers, Rowley, Chavous, Shelton, & Smith, 1997) to assess their racial identity.
Most participants thought it was strange for Blacks to seek therapy. Yet, these participants found the strength to seek therapy to protect their family and individual well-being. Participants found support from family, friends, and/or the church/religious beliefs. All attended church but few sought their pastor for therapeutic support.
The participants who initially preferred a Black therapist also strongly viewed race as central to their self-identity. However, participants expressed greater concern for therapist competence, skills, and warmth than for therapist race. Yet, many discussed the benefits of having a Black therapist, which were greater comfort, ease, and openness for Black clients in therapy, as well as greater cultural familiarity for Black therapists. All of the participants reported satisfaction with their therapist and generally reported a positive experience. I also measured the experience of the first and third therapy sessions for Black and White clients, using the Session Evaluation Questionnaire (SEQ; Stiles, 2000). Black clients reported significantly less depth in the first session than White clients, suggesting a unique experience of therapy for Black clients. Also, Black clients that remained in therapy reported less smoothness in the first session than those who terminated. There were no significant findings for the third session. Research and treatment implications from these findings are discussed.Master of Science
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Hackett, Stacey Lynn. "Improving administrative operations for better client service and appointment keeping in a medical/behavioral services clinic". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9099/.
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Appointment no-shows are a problem in healthcare organizations. It is important that appointment intake and scheduling processes are effective in both meeting client needs and efficient in meeting organizational business requirements. This study examined baseline levels of appointment keeping in a not-for-profit medical/behavioral pediatric services clinic, analyzed existing administrative processes, introduced additional appointment keeping reminders, and presented systematic, performance management tutorials for clinic employees. Results indicate an increase in percentage of appointments kept and a decrease in appointment lag time.