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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Climate change- India”

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Data publikacji: 6 września 2023

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1

Manuvie, Ritumbra. "Governance of climate change related migrations in Assam (India)". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31147.

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The thesis asks two crucial questions, (a) what are the normative frameworks available for protecting the rights and status of a person migrating due to climate change related hydro-metrological changes? (b) why is there a non-uniformity and inadequacy in the deliverance of assistance from the state? To address these questions, I have analysed the perception, framing and assistance a climate change migrant receives from the state of Assam in India, while also explaining the reasons for the differential nature and deficits in protection. Based on interviews with senior bureaucratic officials (elite actors), group-discussions, field surveys, and engagements at the block and village level, the thesis makes three critical arguments. First, the sub-national government perceive climate-induced migrations as a developmental issue. Second, the way in which climate change migration is framed as a developmental issue by elite actors does not correspond with how the issue is understood by street-level bureaucratic actors. Instead, the routine judgements and discretions exercised by street-level actors are complexly tied to the political and social circumstances of local areas. Finally, while it is known that socio-political and demographic factors (such as gender, membership of a social group, and religion) contribute to forced forms of migration, the thesis argues that these demographic factors also adversely affect the performance of the programs meant to reduce climate vulnerabilities.
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Szczurek, Anthony. "India's Temporal Imaginaries of Climate Change, 1988-2018". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/88984.

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The advent of climate change promises extreme disruptions to existing concepts of political time, namely the distinction between the modes of time adopted by modern nation-states, natural time, and the everyday life of human beings. Yet the nation-state remains the primary actor through which climate politics is shaped. India is one the most prominent actors in the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and also likely to be one of the most climate-affected societies moving forward. Over the 30-year history of India's engagement at the UNFCCC, there has been a shift from constructing a secular, past-oriented imaginary to a sacred, future-oriented one. The state has fostered these temporal imaginaries through three discursive registers: international politics, climate science, and conservative Hindu ideology. These imaginaries act as a heuristic tool with which to analyze the changing dynamics of political temporality in an era of rapid and extreme climate change.
Doctor of Philosophy
Climate change challenges fundamental notion of political time, the temporal relationship that embeds actors and processes. Yet this topic is underanalyzed in academic literature, especially when it comes to non-Western states. India has been one of the most prominent actors at the United Nations climate negotiations and also likely to be heavily affected by extreme climate shifts. Over the 30-year history of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Indian government has framed the temporality of climate change in two ways. First, from 1988-2004, it constructed and followed a secular, past-oriented imaginary of climate change. Beginning in 2005, and accelerating with the election of Prime Minister Modi in 2014, the government has begun to construct and follow a sacred, future-oriented imaginary. In this way, the State has moved from rhetorically framing climate change as a significant problem to an opportunity that can be met if India and other societies follow conservative Hindu precepts.
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Dimitrova, Asya 1988. "Climate change and health in India : impacts and co-benefits". Doctoral thesis, TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa), 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673181.

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El primer estudio de esta tesis doctoral demostró que tanto las temperaturas ambientales altas como las bajas y las olas de calor son factores de riesgo de mortalidad por todas las causas en la India, y el riesgo de mortalidad aumenta de manera más pronunciada a temperaturas más altas. El segundo y tercer estudio evaluaron algunos de los beneficios colaterales para la salud relacionados con la contaminación del aire y las compensaciones de la mitigación del cambio climático en la India. Los hallazgos sugirieron que la reducción proyectada de la contaminación del aire ambiental bajo los objetivos del Acuerdo de París puede alargar la esperanza de vida al nacer, reducir la mortalidad prematura y el número de niños con retraso en el crecimiento en la India para 2050 en comparación con los negocios habituales. Sin embargo, los costos de combustible más altos en virtud de los objetivos del Acuerdo de París pueden conducir a una mayor contaminación del aire en los hogares, compensando así por completo los beneficios para el crecimiento lineal infantil de una mejor calidad del aire ambiental. Complementar las medidas de mitigación con el control de la calidad del aire al final de la tubería y las políticas para respaldar el acceso a una cocina limpia puede maximizar los beneficios colaterales para la salud y reducir las compensaciones de mitigación, especialmente entre los más desfavorecidos.
The first study in this PhD thesis demonstrated that both high and low ambient temperatures and heatwaves are risk factors for all-cause mortality in India, with mortality risk increasing more steeply at higher temperatures. The second and third study assessed some of the air pollution related health co-benefits and trade-offs from climate change mitigation in India. Findings suggested that projected reduction of ambient air pollution under the Paris Agreement targets can lengthen life expectancy at birth, reduce premature mortality and the number of stunted children in India by 2050 compared to the business-as-usual. However, higher fuel costs under Paris Agreement targets can lead to higher household air pollution, thus completely offsetting the benefits for child linear growth from improved ambient air quality. Complementing mitigation measures with end-of-pipe air quality control and policies to support access to clean cooking can maximise health co-benefits and reduce mitigation trade-offs, especially among the most disadvantaged.
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Fisher, Susannah Emily. "Networks for climate change : non-state and subnational actors in Indian climate politics and governance". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610233.

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York, Luke. "The impact of climate change on poor dairy producers in Odisha, India". Thesis, University of Reading, 2017. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/75268/.

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The Indian dairy sector represents 16.7% (44.5 million milking cows) of the world's dairy cattle. Dairying is susceptible to climate change as high temperatures cause heat stress amongst cows. The sector size ensures it is a significant contributor to Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and inevitable target for mitigation. Yet, gaps in the knowledge remain regarding contextually relevant adaptation and/or mitigation strategies. The study investigated the impact of climate change on poor smallholder dairy producers and evaluated the role of climate-compatible policy and practice in supporting adaptation and mitigation at a household level. Data was collected from 115 smallholder dairy producers in Puri (n=31) and Khurda (n=84) districts of Odisha, India. Odisha was selected due to the high levels of rural poverty (35.7% of households). The poor are particularly susceptibility to the effects of climate change. Deterministic modelling, systematic policy review, GHG emission inventory, emission mitigation policy comparison and cost-benefit-analysis were employed. Temperature increases (+2C and +4 QC) were found to irrevocably reduce milk yields across all breeds (Jersey crossbred and non-descript indigenous) considered. Adaptation ameliorated losses for little economic gain due to implementation cost. Predicted increases in feed price resulted in lower grade Jersey crossbreeds being the most profitable. Anaerobic digester installation and control of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) were expected to reduce emissions. Calculations indicated digester leakage increased emission intensity by 5.5% whilst FMD control reduced emission intensity by 3.6 -13.1%. However, a reduced sector size is required to reduce total emissions. A reduced sector size will be unpalatable to Indian policymakers due to the socio-cultural importance of cattle. The study concludes that adaptation and mitigation is highly complex due to a range of trade-offs. A restructuring of national policy to consider the trade-offs within a climate change framework is required to prevent climate change impacts from becoming increasingly significant and detrimental.
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6

Azhoni, Adani. "Adapting water management in India to climate change : institutions, networks and barriers". Thesis, Cranfield University, 2017. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/13660.

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Climate change is experienced most through the medium of water. The ability of water institutions and the factors that enable or hinder them to purposefully adapt to the new and additional challenges brought by climate change require better understanding. Factors that influence their perception of climate change impacts and initiatives being taken for adaptation are shaped by various enabling factors and barriers through the interaction with both governmental and non-governmental institutions across administrative scales. Better understanding of these adaptation enablers and barriers is essential for devising adaptation strategies. This research aims to identify and expound the characteristics that enable or hinder institutions to adapt for water management, and hence, it evaluates the involvement of key governmental and non-governmental institutions in India and the inter-institutional networks between them. It surveyed webpages and online documents of sixty Union Government institutions and interviewed representatives from twenty-six governmental, non-governmental, research and academic institutions operating at the national level and another twenty-six institutions operating within the State of Himachal Pradesh in India to assess the characteristics that enable or hinder adaptation. While the online projection of institutional involvement and interaction among key Union Government institutions on climate change and water indicate a more centralized network pointing to Planning Commission and Ministry of Environment and Forest, the interview responses indicated a more distributed network with both Ministries of Water Resources and Environment and Forest recognized as key institutions thereby indicating a potential variation in perception of who is in-charge. Moreover, online documents show institutions that are involved in water have less mention of climate change compared to Union Government ministries involved in less climate-sensitive sectors indicating that impacts of climate change on water are potentially ignored. While it is evident that research and consulting institutions engaging with both national and state level institutions play a key role in enabling adaptation, various barriers pertaining to data and information accessibility, inadequacy of resources and implementation gaps exist particularly due to inter-institutional network fragmentations. Although barriers identified in this study bear resemblance to barriers identified by other researchers in other contexts, this research shows similar barriers can emerge from different underlying causes and are highly interconnected; thereby indicating the need for addressing adaptation barriers collectively as a wider governance issue. Since many of the adaptation barriers emerge from wider governance challenges and are related to larger developmental issues, the findings have important policy implications. Among the various issues that the government needs to address is improving the inter-institutional networks between water institutions so that information dissemination, sharing of learning experiences and data accessibility is improved and prescriptive legislations are seen to be inadequate in this regard. Restructuring the way officials in government water institutions are recruited and deployed is suggested as a potential solution for improving the inter-institutional networks. The research elucidates that inter-institutional networks and transboundary institutions are two pillars that supports adaptation and also bridges the gap between adaptive capacity and adaptation manifestation that enable water institutions to cross the chasm of adaptation barriers. Thus the thesis presents an important analysis of key characteristics that enable or hinder water management institutions to adapt to climate change which have been so far under acknowledged by other studies through the analysis of the state of climate change adaptation in India. Therefore, this study provides valuable insights for developing countries, particularly, facing similar challenges of adapting water management for climate change.
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7

Nax, Natalie. "Looking to the Future: The Indus Waters Treaty and Climate Change". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20461.

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This thesis aims to challenge the Indus Waters Treaty. The Treaty remains as the governing authority, however there are areas in which it could be improved. One of these areas is how the Treaty will respond to climate change. I argue that due to changing environmental conditions, what made the Treaty so successful in the past will no longer be relevant in the future. This argument is supported by relevant literature reviews of journals and reports done by policy analysts, academics, and water management experts. Additionally, I address the need to mitigate for climate change by explaining the consequences climate change will have on the ecosystem and infrastructure of India and Pakistan. Finally, I examine case studies and make suggestions about the changes that can be made in order to create a Treaty that successfully mitigates for climate change.
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8

Miyaguchi, Takaaki. "Climate Change Impact Reduction through Corporate Community Interface -Cases from India and Indonesia-". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/123773.

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9

Tollervey, Jonathan E. "Climate change, human well-being and livelihoods in Medak District, Andhra Pradesh, India". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.569459.

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This research aimed to determine how the potential impacts of climate change upon the hydrological cycle in Medak District, Andhra Pradesh, could affect the ability of stakeholders to achieve positive livelihood outcomes and influence human well- being, by affecting the delivery of key provisioning ecosystem services (ES). This was undertaken with reference to two physically similar but hydrologically different study sites that are considered to be hydrologically representative of each other under different climate change scenarios (as predicted by the SWAT hydrological model). Both sites are located at different points along a trajectory between being water scarce and having surplus water (the upstream site having less water). The premise was that by comparing both these sites in relation to their current respective capacities to deliver hydrologically sensitive ES, speculation could be made as to how both sites might function under climate change. By also understanding how the delivery of these ES can influence the ability of stakeholders to achieve positive livelihood outcomes and enhance human well-being, it was also possible to examine how climate change will affect these parameters in the future. A five-tiered strategy involving qualitative, semi-quantitative, quantitative, modelling and theoretical methodologies delivered meaningful understandings of site-specific relationships between stakeholders and key hydrologically sensitive ES, including those surrounding the provision of crops, fish, forest products and water resources. These assessments established that virtually every relationship contrasted to some extent across the two study sites, with downstream stakeholders normally finding it easier to achieve positive livelihood outcomes. When all the assessments were evaluated together within the context of the thesis premise, and based upon the broad assumption that at some point in the future, the overall study area will begin to deliver ES to a similar extent as the current downstream site, it was concluded that climate change will affect specific livelihood components and constituents of human well-being in a predominantly positive way. This finding starkly contrasts with those of many other studies, which predict that climate change will have significantly detrimental and negative impacts upon livelihoods and well-being in India. The overarching thesis conclusion also suggests that climate change may not always be a major obstacle towards achieving a number of the Millennium Development Goals. Furthermore, this research has helped to Increase our understanding of the links between hydrology, ecosystems (and biodiversity) in the study area and the benefits that people enjoy from nature, whilst also demonstrating that these links are both multiple and complex. Consequently, this thesis can help to inform, assist and support policy and decision makers when preparing India for the challenges that its society and economy may face in the future.
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10

Karlsson, Viktoria, i Emma Mörlin. "Participatory climate research : impacts on the medium-sized city Kota, India". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Miljöförändring, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-157311.

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This thesis aims at increasing knowledge about climate research in developing countries and how research can be constructed, implemented and evaluated to be useful for local capacity building and climate action. This has been achieved by studying a concrete research project in Kota, India. Semi-structured interviews and one workshop has been conducted with researchers, stakeholders and one research financier to identify their perspectives on the studied research project as well as future participatory climate research. In the analysis, some identified opportunities for climate research were local knowledge and engagement, stakeholder awareness about the studies issues, a common platform to discuss research outcomes and research that presents possible solutions to local problems. Identified barriers were a lack of representation of specific groups, organizational problems among stakeholders, complex texts and a lack of policies or guidelines. This thesis also suggests some important factors to consider when performing participatory projects, such as planning the project carefully with a thought about timing, evaluation and involvement of many societal groups.
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Jerstad, Heid Maria. "Weathering relationships : the intra-action of people with climate in Himalayan India". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23510.

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Weather – cold, wet, hot and windy – pervades life, material and social. So present and obvious as to provide a challenge for research, material though ephemeral too, weather breaks boundaries and refuses categorisation. While night becomes day, the cold season warms up over weeks and annual patterns are changing on a scale of years, practices in the face of weather transitions are themselves shifting. Based on ten months of fieldwork in the small village of Gau in the Pahari Indian Himalayas this thesis interrogates the saliencies and permeations of weather in people’s lives. It investigates how people intra-act (Barad 2007) with the weather, though practices, infrastructures and relationships with others. My approach argues for the validity of weather as a means by which to learn about socio-material lives. Pahari villagers live and act within the weather that moves around them. They are subject to, but also modify, their thermal environment. Through housing, clothing and tools such as the fire and the fan they affect the impact of the weather as it meets their bodies, but also daily patterns of movement are coloured by weather considerations. This work views weather in relation to health practices (such as refraining from working during the rain so as not to fall ill), for care of others (such as domestic bovines), for house-building and hospitable relationship-building among neighbours, for negotiation of landslide-fraught access roads to elsewhere and for understandings of pollution in the air. This focus on weather is intended to connect dots for people working on climate change, both within and beyond anthropology, and to contribute to discussions in areas including human-animal relations, health and illness and housing.
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Bhardwaj, Asmita. "Responses in India towards the Clean Development Mechanism". Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37133.

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Responses in India towards the Clean Development Mechanism Asmita Bhardwaj Recognizing the grave danger that climate change poses to mankind, the United Nations Framework Convention of Climate Change (UNFCCC) was adopted in 1992 by 150 nations. Subsequent climate change negotiations were to be guided through the principles of â equity,â â common but differentiated responsibilitiesâ and respective â capabilities,â while developed countries were to take lead in combating climate change. The Kyoto Protocol amended the FCCC in 1997 and set legally binding emission reduction targets for industrialized countries. No such commitments were mandated for the developing countries. The Kyoto Protocol, however, created the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), which required participation of developing countries as hosts for CDM projects. Though it faced significant opposition at the onset it was adopted by many developing countries later. This paper outlines the responses towards the CDM in India.

Many developed countries, such as the United States, have sought to include participation of developing countries in reducing greenhouse gas emissions mainly through binding growth caps on future emissions. Since 1997, this call for â meaningful participationâ has stalled the US ratification of the Kyoto Protocol. In response some scholars have tried to link initiatives like CDM to â meaningful participationâ . This paper suggests that rather than relying on the CDM, this contention regarding commitments can be resolved on a long-term basis if only there is a fair and explicit allocation of GHG emission quotas incorporating â equityâ concerns. Meaningful participation, which might mean quantified commitments, does not take into consideration â equityâ , a key criteria for developing country participation. Full participation can only result when Southern demands are given equal importance.
Master of Urban and Regional Planning

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Kaur, Japneet <1991&gt. "Impact of Climate Change on Agricultural Productivity and Food Security Resulting in Poverty in India". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/10586.

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“Tackling Climate Change is closely linked to poverty alleviation and economic development; I would call them different sides of the same coin.” - Paul Polman, CEO, Unilever Climate change has been considered to have catastrophic effects on planet Earth. It has become a major barrier to developing economies, like India where agriculture accounts for 55 per cent of its total working population (Registrar General 2013) and constitutes about 14.1 per cent of its GDP (GoI, 2013). Moreover, due to the alteration in climate, crop productivity is being affected adversely resulting in food and livelihood security issues. This study is based on state level data of 4 major seasonal Indian crops- Rice, Wheat, Cotton, Sugarcane which comprise of Food and Cash crops for the time span of 2004 to 2013. 7 agriculturally intensive states with varied climatic conditions have been taken into consideration for the study. States under tropical zones include West Bengal, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, while the subtropical regions are Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. This thesis makes an attempt to analyze the impact of climate change on Indian Agriculture and food security. It also examines the implications of climate change on food security and evaluates the multiple benefits of mitigation and adaptation. Cobb Douglas production function will be incorporated in this model to simulate this impact of climate change on agricultural productivity. Majority of the crops taken into consideration are expected to be adversely affected by the future climatic conditions. Local adaptation practices have also been scrutinized, highlighting the role of institutional support, national adaptation strategies and resilience at different scales.
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Pal, Indrani. "Rainfall trends in India and their impact on soil erosion and land management". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/224798.

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Under the threat of global warming it is vital to determine the impact that future changes in climate may have on the environment and to what extent any adverse effects can be mitigated. In this research an assessment was carried out on the impact that climate trends may have on soil erosion and contaminant transport in India and examined the potential for top soil management practices to improve or maintain soil quality. Historical rainfall data from 50-135 years and extreme temperature data for 103 years were analysed and long term trends were assessed for various aspects of Indian climates using suitable statistical techniques. Results indicated that intra-region variability for extreme monsoon seasonal rainfall is large and mostly exhibited a negative tendency leading to increasing frequency and magnitude of monsoon rainfall deficit and decreasing frequency and magnitude of monsoon rainfall excess everywhere in India except in the peninsular Indian region. This is further exacerbated by increased and more variable extreme temperatures. Intra-region rainfall variability in India is linked to the pacific Southern Oscillation, where the associations of monsoon drought and El-Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the regions near to coast are greatest. 50-years high resolution daily gridded rainfall data was analysed to set up certain indices for the extreme daily rainfalls to assess their changes for the six gridded regions of Kerala, the extreme south western state of India where monsoon rainfall initiates every year. This was also done for two study sites, namely Bhoj wetland area of west central India and Sukinda chromite mining site of central north east India. Significant decrease was found in monsoon and spring rainfall extremes and increase in winter and autumn rainfall extremes in Kerala that would affect the tendency of change in seasonal total rainfall as well. Decrease in monsoon rainfall in Kerala also indicate that monsoon rainfall is decreasing in India as a whole, increased occurrence of floods is expected in winter and autumn seasons, together with water scarcity are expected to be felt both in spring and monsoon seasons with a delaying monsoon onset in Kerala. Soil erosion studies were conducted for two northern most gridded regions of Kerala as an extended work of the related MPhil study, and contaminant transport with eroded sediments was looked at for the Bhoj and Sukinda sites using RUSLE2 model software and other suitable numerical methods. It was found that soil erosion depended on a complex interaction of climate, soil properties, topography, and cover management. An assessment on extreme climate patterns for Bhoj and Sukinda showed an increasing tendency of seasonal and annual rainfall extremes and temperatures leading to an increasing pattern of soil erosion at both the sites. However, a certain consensus was difficult to reach because of the complex interaction of climate and soil carbon that is a very important deciding factor for soil erosion potential. Vegetative cover and plant residue was found providing essential soil nutrients, enhancing soil properties and retarding rainfall impact on bare top soil leading to reduction of soil erosion. Therefore, a soil erosion and contaminant transport prevention plan should take care of the top soil such that it is not kept bare especially when rainfall intensity is high in a given year. This work as a whole has highlighted the importance of regional climatological analysis with the large scale spatial averages especially at local decision making level, which is very useful for the broad scenarios such as climatological and ecological risk management.
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Saxena, Alark. "Evaluating the resilience of rural livelihoods to change in a complex social-ecological system| A case of village Panchayat in central India". Thesis, Yale University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3663589.

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This dissertation thesis details an interdisciplinary research project, which combines the strengths of resilience theory, the sustainable livelihood framework, complex systems theory, and modeling. These approaches are integrated to develop a tool that can help policy-makers make decisions under conditions of uncertainty, with the goals of reducing poverty and increasing environmental sustainability.

Achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, including reducing poverty and hunger, and increasing environmental sustainability, has been hampered due to global resource degradation and fluctuations in natural, social, political and financial systems. Climate change further impedes these goals, especially in developing countries. The resilience approach has been proposed to help populations adapt to climate change, but this abstract concept has been difficult to operationalize.

The sustainable livelihood framework has been used as a tool by development agencies to evaluate and eradicate poverty by finding linkages between livelihood and environment. However, critiques highlight its inability to handle large and cross-scale issues, like global climate change and environmental degradation.

Combining the sustainable livelihood framework and resilience theory will enhance the ability to simultaneously tackle the challenges of poverty eradication and climate change. However, real-life systems are difficult to understand and measure. A complex-systems approach enables improved understanding of real-life systems by recognizing nonlinearity, emergence, and self-organization. Nonetheless, this approach needs a framework to incorporate multiple dimensions, and an analytical technique.

This research project attempts to transform the concept of resilience into a measurable and operationally useful tool. It integrates resilience theory with the sustainable livelihood framework by using systems modeling techniques. As a case-study, it explores the resilience of household livelihoods within a local village Panchayat in central India.

This method integrated the 4-step cross-scale resilience approach with the sustainable livelihood framework through the use of a system dynamics modeling technique. Qualitative and quantitative data on social, economic and ecological variables was collected to construct a four-year panel at the panchayat scale. Socio-economic data was collected through questionnaires, focus group discussions, participant observation, and literature review. Ecological data on forest regeneration, degradation and growth rates was collected through sample plots, literature review of the region's forest management plans, and expert opinions, in the absence of data.

Using these data, a conceptual, bottom-up model, sensitive to local variability, was created and parameterized. The resultant model (tool), called the Livelihood Management System, is the first of its kind to use the system dynamics technique to model livelihood resilience.

Model simulations suggest that the current extraction rates of forest resources (non-timber forest produce, fuelwood and timber) are unsustainable. If continued, these will lead to increased forest degradation and decline in household income. Forest fires and grazing also have severe impacts on local forests, principally by retarding regeneration. The model suggests that protection from grazing and forest fires alone may significantly improve forest quality. Examining the dynamics of government-sponsored labor, model simulation suggests that it will be difficult to achieve the Government of India's goal of providing 100 days' wage labor per household through the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme.

Based on vulnerability analysis under the sustainable livelihood framework, eight risks to livelihoods were identified based on which six scenarios were created. One scenario was simulated to understand the resilience of local livelihoods to external shocks. Through these simulations, it was found that while climate change is a threat to local livelihoods, government policy changes have comparatively much larger impacts on local communities. The simulation demonstrates that reduced access to natural resources has significant impacts on local livelihoods. The simulation also demonstrates that reduced access drives forced migration, which increases the vulnerability of already risk-prone populations.

Through the development and simulation of the livelihood model, the research has been able to demonstrate a new methodology to operationalize resilience, indicating many promising next steps. Future undertakings in resilience analysis can allow for finding leverage points, thresholds and tipping points to help shift complex systems to desirable pathways and outcomes. Modeling resilience can help in identifying and prioritizing areas of intervention, and providing ways to monitor implementation progress, thus furthering the goals of reducing extreme poverty and hunger, and environmental sustainability.

Many challenges, such as high costs of data collection and the introduction of uncertainties, make model development and simulation harder. However, such challenges should be embraced as an integral part of complex analysis. In the long run, such analysis should become cost- and time-effective, contributing to data-driven decision-making processes, thus helping policy-makers take informed decisions under complex and uncertain conditions.

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Akhter, Feroz Raisin. "Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment for Sustainable Urban Development : A Study on Slum Population of Kota, India". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-108959.

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The urban centres are becoming more vulnerable to climate change because of the rapid urbanization and the inequality of urban development. This study assesses the urban vulnerability in an integrated approach focusing the slum people as the targeted group. The slum people are severely exposed to climate risks in terms of city‟s overall development. The negative indications of the indicators of person‟s vulnerability represent their high sensitivity to the adverse impact of climate change. The determinants of adaptive capacity also confirm that the slum people are more vulnerable to climate change with having lower adaptive capacity; though, the city is possessing high development indexes. In this context, an institutional structure is developed to build multi-level urban climate governance with the involvement of all relevant stakeholders based on the case study and literature review to integrate the vulnerable group in development planning for climate change adaptation.
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Le, Masson Virginie. "Exploring disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation from a gender perspective : insights from Ladakh, India". Thesis, Brunel University, 2013. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7504.

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Both Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) aim at reducing the vulnerabilities and enhancing the capacities of men and women when facing natural hazards and climate change. Despite conceptual bridges existing between both sectors, the literature suggests a lack of practical integration of objectives and approaches in the design and implementation of climate change-related and DRR initiatives as well as a lack of attention to gender issues. In parallel, studies repeatedly stress the necessity to (i) provide more empirical studies that re-contextualise climate change as just one of many issues faced on a daily basis by local communities, and (ii) emphasise the gender dimension of vulnerability to understand differences between men’s and women’s realities in relation to disasters and climate change. This research explores the local dimension of the (lack of) integration of DRR and CCA through using gender as a lens. It uses the case study of the Himalayan province of Ladakh in India where the predicted impacts of climate change could seriously undermine inhabitants’ access to water. Embedded within the theoretical frames of DRR and feminist political ecology, this research draws on concepts of gender, marginalisation, vulnerability and capacity in order to understand the local impacts of environmental degradation and the implications for policies and development projects. When analysing the ways in which Ladakhi communities experience climate change and natural hazards in relation to their everyday risks, the vulnerability and capacity assessment conducted in this research shows that men and women face different everyday constraints which shape their views of their environment. The gender sensitive methodology and analysis also contribute to focus the attention away from hazards to emphasise the way people’s vulnerabilities are inherently linked to unsustainable development which stresses the importance of designing integrated responses. Yet, when examining current interventions to tackle disaster risk and climate change in relation to Ladakhi communities’ contexts, priorities and needs, a focus on gender and DRR highlights the gap between theories, policies and practices. Evidence from Ladakh contributes to show the dichotomy between the ineffectiveness of top-down interventions targeting climate change and disasters, and the gendered experiences of local communities in the face of a multitude of everyday risks that extend beyond climate change and natural hazards. Current DRR and CCA policies and projects reproduce a dominant focus on hazards and do not challenge established development models that are male-dominated and which promote people’s (and disproportionately women’s) vulnerability. However, development interventions, in the context of Ladakh, appear more adequate to improve people’s livelihoods with greater scope for inputs from the community level, which contribute to enhancing their capacities. Therefore, this thesis argues that emphasis should be placed on sustainable development practices in order to better address disaster risk and climate change as well as communities’ everyday risks. It finally underscores the need to recognise and assess the interconnection of different structures and their impacts on people’s daily lives at the onset of development strategies and to ensure that these are part of a sustainable, holistic and integrated approach to reducing vulnerability.
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18

Torney, Diarmuid. "A leader without followers? : European Union relations with China and India on climate change, 1990-2009". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:38fb3450-73dd-46f3-a23c-e51ff0e76cf1.

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The EU has, for a long time, portrayed itself as an international leader on climate change. Previous studies have tended to focus on the characteristics of EU leadership, but have failed to examine the extent to which EU leadership generates “followership”. Going beyond these existing approaches, this dissertation analyzes not just EU attempts at leadership but also the response of two potential followers: China and India. Based on extensive fieldwork, the dissertation explains the pattern of EU engagement and the response to engagement in each case, and makes three key arguments. First, EU engagement was driven by a desire to build the international role of the EU, but also from 2000 onwards in particular by growing normative concern and material interest within the EU regarding combating climate change. The development of engagement was also conditioned by the broader development of EU relations with China and India. Second, EU engagement took the form of institutionalized dialogue and capacity-building projects. These were generally more extensive in the EU-China case; the EU-India relationship was significantly more limited. Both cases were characterized by a lack of EU capacity—particularly the EU-India case—and to some extent by inconsistency and incoherence. Third, the Chinese Government responded through limited normative emulation and limited but growing lesson-drawing through bilateral cooperation in specific sectors. While the Indian Government also responded through limited normative emulation, the principal Indian response was resistance. Moreover, both the Chinese and Indian Governments resisted the EU approach to the international climate change negotiations. This pattern of engagement and significant resistance stemmed partly from the EU’s failure to develop sufficient capacity for effective engagement, but also partly due to significant differences in the way each side has framed the issue of climate change. Based on these findings, the dissertation concludes that while the EU was not entirely a leader without followers, it has acted as a highly restricted leader in its relations with China and India on climate change.
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19

Coetzee, Kim. "The elephant in the room: The rise and role of India in the climate change negotiations". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20287.

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The climate change negotiations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change have been ongoing since the first conference of the parties in 1995. Twenty years on there has been little progress reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the climate regime is in a state of flux and the role of developing countries therein is changing. During this period the majority of the work on climate change from within the International Relations discipline has been framed in a neoliberal institutionalist or neorealist frame. Studies in the climate policy canon have been predominantly similarly located, albeit implicitly. In its focus on India this dissertation provides a bridge between the climate policy literature and the theoretically framed climate change policy studies in the International Relations literature. This dissertation employs the Critical International Relations theoretical framework of Robert Cox. His theory outlines a 'framework for action' that enables and constrains how states act, and how they conceive of their agency. This framework, or historical structure, is created by a particular configuration of the forces exerted by ideas, institutions, and material capabilities, which when aligned, create a hegemonic historical structure. In the climate negotiations, India has been a vocal proponent of the ideas of equity and common but differentiated responsibilities from the earliest days of the Convention. India's changing material circumstances and geo-political status in the past decade raised the question of its role in the regime in relation to its long-supported ideas. This is a qualitative case study using documentary evidence triangulated with interview data from a range of key Indian stakeholders. I found that in the transition from abstract principle to operational precept the intersubjective idea of addressing climate change did not transmute into an intersubjectively shared idea of differentiation. Furthermore, once the idea of differentiation was to be operationalised in the negotiations, its primacy, indeed its very "intersubjectiveness", was contested by the idea of symmetry of obligations and responsibility. The ongoing regime flux is the outcome of this contestation between ideas held collectively by groups, as no stabilising hegemonic historical structure has been created. India's emergence has been insufficient to reinstate differentiation as an intersubjectively held idea and it is thus unable to secure a hegemonic historical structure in favour of differentiation.
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20

Kumar, Navneet [Verfasser]. "Impacts of Climate change and Land use change on the Water resources of the Upper Kharun Catchment, Chhattisgarh, India / Navneet Kumar". Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1077268912/34.

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21

Mahachi, Heather. "Towards zero emissions and zero poverty in the Global South: a comparative analysis of South Africa, India and Mexico's approach to development and climate change mitigation". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29360.

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Among the foremost challenges of the 21st century are sustainable development and climate change mitigation. In light of these challenges, this thesis seeks to analyse and compare the extent to which development and climate change mitigation are aligned on a policy level in three countries in the global south, namely South Africa, India and Mexico. These three middle-income countries are plagued by high levels of poverty and large inequality gaps, and address the challenge of reducing GHG emissions in this context. The objectives of this study are fourfold: (1) an analysis of each country’s climate change policies mainly its Nationally Determined Contributions and climate response strategies and assesses to which extent development is addressed; (2) analysis of each country’s national development plans and the extent to which climate change mitigation is addressed; (3) based on the initial analysis, assessing the overall extent to which the development and climate policies are aligned; and (4) a comparative analysis of how each country performed in this regard. The study found that South Africa, India and Mexico are in pursuit of lower carbon development in the years to come. Targets for reducing their emissions in light of climate change considerations have been set and sectoral approaches to low carbon development are illustrated to varying degrees. South Africa was found to have done relatively well in integrating development and poverty alleviation into its national climate policy. The detailed analysis presented in the thesis found this at national scale, while a focus on co-benefits was particularly well integrated in Mexico’s and India’s climate policy. Thus the thesis shows that each country could learn or adopt some approaches to alignment from the other – and that there are several benefits associated with aligning development and climate policies. More research would need to be conducted at a finer scale to identify the trade-offs of certain mitigation actions and this information should be used in future national and sectoral development.
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22

Weber, Mary Catherine. "Modeling groundwater quality in an arid agricultural environment in the face of an uncertain climate: the case of Mewat District, India". Thesis, University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1794.

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The salinization of groundwater resources is a widespread problem in arid agricultural environments. In Mewat, the amount of solutes dissolved in the water has become too high to use for drinking or agriculture. The only fresh water recharge to this bowl-shaped region is through precipitation, which is focused at the foothills of the mountain. The freshest water is found closest to the mountains and the salinity of the groundwater increases as the distance from the mountains increase. The pumps that supply the region with fresh water are located in the shrinking freshwater zone. Locally-monitored wells show the movement of salinity in the region, as the saline water encroaches upon the freshwater. This study aims to answer the following questions: How long until the region runs out of fresh water? What would it take to have sustainable fresh water supplies? Is it even possible to have sustainable fresh water supplies in this environment? In order to answer these questions, we will quantify potential futures for an arid, groundwater-dependent location in rural India, using numerical groundwater modeling to quantify interactions between human water use, infrastructure, and climate. Outcomes of this modeling study will inform sustainable management of groundwater resources
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23

Aggarwal, Ashish. "The promise and performance of carbon forestry : analyzing carbon, biodiversity and livelihoods in two projects from India". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-promise-and-performance-of-carbon-forestry-analyzing-carbon-biodiversity-and-livelihoods-in-two-projects-from-india(0e569b5c-1e89-4bb7-b33e-51fba79381b7).html.

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Carbon forestry projects have proliferated over last few years on the premise of cost efficient climate mitigation along with co-benefits of biodiversity conservation and livelihood improvement. Multilateral, bilateral, public and private sources have invested billions of dollars in the carbon forestry projects based on these claims. However, there is little empirical evidence to support the enthusiasm. This gap is further accentuated by the insufficient understanding of the governance challenges of these projects. These issues are social, political and ecological in nature and hence require a multidisciplinary political ecology framework for a comprehensive analysis. This thesis explores the multiple benefit claims and governance issues by analysing two forestry-based Clean Development Mechanism projects from India. One, in Haryana state focuses on private lands, the other in Himachal involves three different types of lands viz. community, public and private for plantation activities. This thesis examines the carbon, biodiversity and livelihood benefits of each project, and the governance challenges associated with them. I show that both projects have sequestered substantially less carbon than was originally predicted, which has serious implications for carbon revenues and hence economic viability of these projects. In the case of biodiversity, the results are mixed. In Haryana, the tree and herb biodiversity has improved in the project plots as compared to control plots, whereas shrub biodiversity has marginally declined. In case of Himachal project, biodiversity has declined at tree, shrub and herb levels. I have analysed livelihood impacts in terms of foregone crop, fodder and fuel wood benefits across small, medium and large category of farmers. Both the projects have adverse livelihood impacts on the participants, more so in Haryana because of the plantations on private lands. Although the project has adversely affected the livelihoods of all three categories of farmers, however it has affected small farmers the most due to their low incomes and risk-bearing capacities. Hence, these projects have serious equity implications. This thesis also explores the governance challenges of carbon forestry in terms of their interaction with existing policy mechanisms, especially the Forest Rights Act of 2006, which recognises the ownership and use rights of forest dependent communities comprehensively first time in independent India. The analysis suggests that there are various issues that carbon forestry projects pose for the implementation of the Act due to which civil society groups are opposing these projects. This thesis contributes to our understanding of the multiple benefit claims of carbon forestry projects with empirical evidence and a political ecological analysis. It shows that there is possibility of tradeoffs and many other scenarios in carbon forestry projects rather than just the projected 'win-win-win' outcomes. It contributes to the political economy literature by establishing that changes in global commodity markets can influence land use choices at local level, affecting the sustainability of such efforts. This thesis also advances the literature on governance of carbon forestry projects by reflecting on various policy and implementation level issues related to property rights, community institutions, transparency and accountability.
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24

Mizuno, Emi Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Cross-border transfer of climate change mitigation technologies : the case of wind energy from Denmark and Germany to India". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39947.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 380-407).
This research investigated the causal factors and processes of international development and diffusion of wind energy technology by examining private sector cross-border technology transfer from Denmark and Germany to India between 1990 and 2005. The motivation stemmed from the lack of active private sector participation in transfer of climate change mitigation technologies. Special attentions were paid to the role and effects of: government policy and institutional settings; co-evolution of policy, market, industry, and technology; and industrial competitiveness management. The research found that the centrality of government policy, in particular market value creation/rewarding policy, in successful wind energy technology development and diffusion at the technology frontier of Denmark and Germany. Sources of technological change were complex, but it was the policy-induced substantial market size and performance-oriented demand characteristics that determined the speed and direction of technology development and diffusion. Yet, the change was only materialized by the successful establishment of co-evolving mechanism of policy, market, industry, and technology; again, policy was central in the creation and timely adjustment of such virtuous cycle.
(cont.) The research also found strong connections between technological characteristics/specificity and industrial competitiveness management, and their intertwined transformations. On the Indian side, the increasing technology gaps in both product and capability with the frontier and the transformed structural relationship between market development and the number of new technology introduction were evident from the mid 1990s. Non-performance-oriented market mechanism, policy inconsistency, institutional problems of power sector, persistent infrastructure deficiency, along with the intertwined competitiveness management and technology transformations at the frontier, all contributed to the structural transformation; the failed virtuous cycle creation was due to strong technology- and industry-related external factors and weak demand-pull and supply push internal policy. India lost the potentials for replicable technology transfer and the larger development benefits.
by Emi Mizuno.
Ph.D.
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25

Never, Babette [Verfasser], i Cord [Akademischer Betreuer] Jakobeit. "Knowledge Systems and Change in Climate Governance : Comparing India and South Africa 2007-2010 / Babette Never. Betreuer: Cord Jakobeit". Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/103175671X/34.

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26

Joshi, Shangrila 1981. "Justice, Development and India’s Climate Politics: A Postcolonial Political Ecology of the Atmospheric Commons". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12030.

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xvi, 203 p. : ill. (some col.)
Global climate negotiations have been at a standstill for over a decade now over the issue of distributing the responsibility of mitigating climate change among countries. During the past few years, countries such as India and China - the so-called emerging economies that were under no obligation to mitigate under the Kyoto Protocol - have increasingly come under pressure to accept limits comparable to those for industrialized countries. These countries, in turn, have strongly resisted these pressures. My dissertation examines India's participation in these ongoing climate negotiations. Based on qualitative interviews with relevant Indian officials, textual analysis and participant observation, I tell the story of why and how this so-called emerging economy has been resisting a cap on its emissions despite being one of the most vulnerable countries to the consequences of climate change. I draw upon the literatures of environmental justice, international relations, postcolonialism and political ecology to develop my dissertation and adopt a self-reflexive approach in my analysis. The need for global cooperation to address global environmental issues has arguably provided greater bargaining power to countries formerly marginalized in the global political economy. Following the dynamics of North-South environmental politics, India's climate politics consists of utilizing this power to increase its access to global resources as well as to hold hegemonic industrialized countries accountable for their historical and continuing exploitation of the environmental commons. A key aspect of India's climate politics consists of self-identification as a developing country. Developed countries with higher cumulative and per capita emissions are seen to have the primary responsibility to mitigate climate change and to provide financial and technological support to developing countries to mitigate and adapt to climate change. Developing countries are seen to have a right to pursue development defined as economic growth. The climate crisis is thus seen by my respondents as an opportunity to address the unequal status quo between developed and developing countries. I suggest that this crisis also creates opportunities to redefine development beyond a narrow focus on economic growth. This may be enabled if the demand for justice in an international context is extended to the domestic sphere.
Committee in charge: Shaul Cohen, Chairperson; Alec Murphy, Member; Ted Toadvine, Member; Peter Walker, Member; Anita Weiss, Outside Member
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Balkmar, Liv. "Different views of how CDM projects contribute to sustainable development : A study of stakeholder perspectives of two large-scale renewable energy projets in Southern India". Thesis, Linköping University, The Tema Institute, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-12541.

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Climate change and sustainable development are interlinked in several ways. A global sustainable development with decreased emissions of green-house gases is seen as a prerequisite for mitigation of climate change. Simultaneously a changing climate will put constraints to development endeavours in developing countries. Yet, a sustainable pathway should include both mitigation and adaptation to climate change facilitating social development, economic growth and a stable environment in developing countries. The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol is combining reduced green-house gas emissions with sustainable development in the CDM project’s host country. This so called dual goal has turned out hard to fulfil, especially the local development objective.

 

This thesis studies how CDM projects contribute to local development and how this development is viewed differently by various stakeholders. This was made through qualitative interviews with actors connected to two CDM projects in Southern India. In addition, a literature review and a document study was made. The projects chosen are in the renewable energy sector, using biomass fuel. Renewable energy is regarded as an important factor to come to terms with increasing green-house gas emissions.

 

The results from the literature review and document study show that the expected contribution by CDM projects to local sustainable development is usually expressed in terms of employment, distribution of benefits, social infrastructure, access to energy and technology transfer. The environmental benefit is included in the reduction of green-house gas emissions. In the context of local development, stakeholder participation is brought up as an important factor. The results of the interviews present similar categories of development linked to CDM projects. However, differing views of actual local development assisted by the CDM project was discerned in the answers.

 

This study points to scale-related problems linked to the global benefit of mitigation of climate change in combination with local development. In conclusion, there is a need for monitoring and evaluation of actual contribution by CDM projects to local sustainable development. To facilitate local sustainable benefits of CDM projects, enhanced stakeholder participation is necessary during the whole project activity period.

 

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28

Cullen, William. "A Comparative Analysis to Understand the Subnational Motivations for Renewable Energy Development in India". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2175.

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Providing energy security and diversifying the energy production in India align with the country’s rising power ambitions and policy goals to industrialize. Renewable energy provides a useful tool for the state to meet these policy goals without producing more air pollution and additional environmental degradation. The Central Government has international ambitions of with becoming a rising responsible power; these aspirations have created new resources, incentives, and policy ideas for the subnational states in India. The purpose of this thesis is to map out the motivations, interests, and incentives of subnational elites in devising policies to promote renewable energy development in Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Gujarat, and Rajasthan. I develop an analytical framework based on four variables: 1) state-level party politics, 2) financial space/ indebtedness of state distribution companies, 3) institutional knowledge in state-level nodal renewable energy agencies, and 4) state-level linkages with the private sector to examine different modes of vertical alignment that subnational actors employ to develop renewable energy policies. I find that environmental concerns weren’t the primary driver of renewable energy development; instead, environmental benefits were an unintended outcome of private sector actors and state elites coordinating with the Central Government to address the pressing needs of ensuring reliable energy for industry leaders. In particular, Kerala demonstrates that even when active environmental movements and popular support exists for renewable energy, unless there are active private sector linkages, renewable energy development will remain slow. These findings may be very helpful for central government officials in India and state-level bureaucrats trying to devise climate change mitigation policies on the subnational level. Moreover, international climate change negotiators could use these findings to engage with India more to accelerate renewable energy development to slow anthropogenic climate change.
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Rajan, Mukund Govind. "India and the north-south politics of global environmental issues : the case of ozone depletion, climate change and loss of biodiversity". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:065449d2-6c0f-4aec-8ba9-a84cab137be9.

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The cooperation of developing countries is commonly assumed to be essential for the establishment of effective regimes to manage global environmental interdependence. Yet their policies and perceptions have been inadequately studied. This thesis seeks to partially fill this gap in the literature with a detailed analysis of Indian policy on global environmental issues. It examines the cases of ozone depletion, climate change, and loss of biodiversity, and discusses developments up to the 1992 Earth Summit. The study addresses four broad questions about Indian policy: the process of policy making; the character of Indian interests and preferences; the nature and evolution of India's bargaining strategy; and the outcome of international negotiations for India. It reveals a complex picture of continuity and change in Indian policy. It demonstrates the enduring importance of traditions and values such as the "poverty is the greatest polluter" orthodoxy and the concepts of sovereignty, equity and Third World solidarity. It also highlights the impact of perceptions of vulnerability in relation to the North. It argues that Indian policy did not reflect purely powermaximising goals; policy makers were sometimes uncertain about where India's interests precisely lay, and felt constrained both by economic weakness and by the recognition of the mutual interest of all states in global environmental protection. This was reflected in the moderation in India's bargaining strategy. The Indian case suggests that developing countries did not regard their cooperation in the resolution of global environmental issues purely as a bargaining chip with which to extract concessions from the North. Still less did they perceive these issues as providing an opportunity to pose a macro-challenge to the North, linking agendas across issue areas. Instead, their goals reflected perceptions of constraints and mutual interests in bargaining with the North. Their bargaining strategy thus tended to be moderate and flexible, unlike the confrontational approach of the 1970s.
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Flores, Araya Jesserina. "The effects on cotton production due to climate change : an assessment on water availability and pesticide use in two different cotton growing regions in India". Thesis, Stockholm University, Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7824.

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According to several scientific reports, climate change will have an impact on water provision and thus agriculture, which depends on soil moisture for plant survival. India is a country that is heavily dependent on agriculture as a source of income. One of the country’s future challenges is securing water for irrigation. Cotton in India is an important cash crop which is grown under high evapotranspirative demand, using about 15% of the national water resources, making the crop vulnerable to changes in water availability.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the resilience of cotton production with regards to water availability and pesticide use in Punjab and Andhra Pradesh. Three aspects of resilience: latitude, resistance and precariousness has been used to analyse three variables, precipitation, irrigation and pesticide in order to understand how these cotton growing systems are going to be affected by climate change. By bringing together existing data from several scientific reports and governmental websites, assumptions could be made whether these systems are resilient or if they are reaching a threshold. The results show that the cotton growing regions of Punjab are highly vulnerable when it comes to water provision in the region and that they might be reaching a threshold. Changes in climate are predicted to affect precipitation and temperature in the area, which in time might ultimately affect water resources in the region. Groundwater depletion and water logging are already prevailing problems in the area where almost all cotton production is irrigated. Cotton farmers in Andhra Pradesh are struggling with pest infestation which induces them to overconsume pesticides, affecting not only water quality in the area, but also farmers’ livelihood. It is likely that climate change will not minimize the outbreaks; on the contrary it might benefit some pests, which might increase the consumption of pesticide in the region. Coastal districts are more exposed to extreme weather which can harm cotton cultivation.

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31

Becker, Vera Antonia. "The root causes of the gender digital divide and its consequences on the adoption and use of app-based climate warning systems in rural India". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-424344.

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In the wake of climate change to provide timely information is a must to ensure that the most vulnerable people are protected, and development gains secured. Particularly in agriculture and food security, providing information on time is vital to secure people’s livelihoods. Many actors in the development and humanitarian field have therefor adapted seemingly neutral technologies in their programs to ensure localised and timely information. However, passive technologies are actively implemented into intersecting local power dynamics. Gender among race, class, ethnicity and caste is an essential determinant of the access to power and resources. In India, women contribute up to 80 per cent of the work in rural settings if accounting for care work and unpaid labour on the family farm. However, women are also significantly less likely to own and operate a smartphone or generally benefit from the digitalisation process as they lack digital skills. This study explores the root causes of this disadvantage, detangling economic and social drivers through qualitative expert interviews. Primarily, it investigates the importance of social norms as the main driver. The interviews were analysed through thematic coding with the program Atlas.ti. The results strongly indicated that gender norms lead to the minimisation of women’s contributions in the rural economy while reverting their existences to their reproductive functions. Economic barriers, such as economic dependency, meanwhile can be primarily attributed to strict social norms rather than being own determents of inequality. The financial dependency then again leads to structural imbalances which consequentially solidifies already existing marginalisation’s. While India in recent decades has not needed mayor humanitarian interventions, the learnings from this study are equally applicable in the humanitarian setting as technology important. Technology is not neutral or passively adapted. Only when interventions combine their work with gender-sensitivity measures, it can reach the ones most in need. On the other hand, if programs lack to consider these implications, their programs the interventions are not gender-neutral but solidified inequalities and power imbalances. In the last sections, I, therefore, provided recommendations on how to make a technology-based intervention more gender-inclusive. These recommendations are easily adaptable and applicable to other fields of intervention.
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Flores, Araya Jesserina. "The effects on cotton production due to climate change : an analysis of water availability and pesticide use in Punjab and Andhra Pradesh /". Stockholm : Stockholm University. Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2008. http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:199112/FULLTEXT01.

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33

Pradhan, Sonali. "Understanding the role of politics of scale and power relations in local governance of climate change adaptation : case study from coastal Odisha, India". Thesis, University of Reading, 2018. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/80419/.

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The governance of adaptation represents a complex policy challenge where it has to address the global and national level risks of climate change while being rooted in the local context of vulnerability and adaptation decision-making. In India, climate change adaptation is a complex socio-political process that includes different actors, their interests and the narrative outcomes of the interaction of those actors and their interests. Thus, multi-level adaptation governance has emerged as a policy instrument to address this complexity of climate change vulnerability and adaptation strategies. This thesis explores the conceptualisation of adaptation as a socio-political process within the emerging multi¬governance adaptation planning context in vulnerable coastal regions of India. This research seeks to understand the social and political factors that shapes policy and adaptation strategies at the local level. This aim is achieved through three main objectives -to examine existing policy structures and process, to examine local level socio-cultural structures and political practices and to characterise the actor interactions at policy-practice interface which shapes politic outcomes of adaptation strategies at the local level. This thesis draws from the structure-agency framework, actor-oriented approach and theoretical underpinnings of politics of scale to capture the local level realties of structure-agency interaction patterns. This study involved comparison of two coastal communities in Kendrapara district within the state of Odisha by using different methodological tools ranging from objective questionnaires to in-depth case studies. The finding suggests that multi-governance adaptation planning requires better horizontal and vertical institutional coordination, consideration of socio-cultural practices, and awareness of local political dynamics to be robust and support local level adaptation strategies. In addition, policy structures need to step up on aligning policy agendas on adaptation, development and disaster risk reduction, create resources that strengthen local institutions and develop frameworks that requires monitoring, evaluation and reiteration of policy goals. Further, as demonstrated by impact of agency of actors on shaping adaptation trajectories, multi-level governance needs to support local innovation and create platforms for socio-political mobility to address the inherent vulnerability at local level.
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34

Wagner, Paul Daniel Verfasser], Karl [Akademischer Betreuer] Schneider i Georg [Akademischer Betreuer] [Bareth. "Impacts of climate change and land use change on the water resources of the Mula and Mutha Rivers catchment upstream of Pune, India / Paul Daniel Wagner. Gutachter: Karl Schneider ; Georg Bareth". Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1038379466/34.

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35

Wagner, Paul Daniel [Verfasser], Karl Akademischer Betreuer] Schneider i Georg [Akademischer Betreuer] [Bareth. "Impacts of climate change and land use change on the water resources of the Mula and Mutha Rivers catchment upstream of Pune, India / Paul Daniel Wagner. Gutachter: Karl Schneider ; Georg Bareth". Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1038379466/34.

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36

Mann, Philip A. G. "Achieving a mass-scale transition to clean cooking in India to improve public health". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:41ca7cfc-c3e2-43af-93ae-aab09f4e3178.

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This research provides policy-relevant insights into how a mass-scale, equitable transition to the use of Advanced Biomass (cook) Stoves (ABSs) can be achieved in India, with the aim of improving public health, especially for women and children. The research uses socio-technical systems to provide a characterisation of transition processes, and governance to explain issues of power influencing transition. A review of previous government cook-stove programmes in India and China highlights governance shortcomings in the former, in particular a lack of functional links between layers of administration and poor engagement with community institutions and cooks. Primary data from West Bengal and Karnataka highlighted sophisticated, skilful, flexible and culturally context specific cooking practices. Reasons for apparent low demand for improved stoves, characterised as lock-in, are found to include a combination of risk aversion and habits, lack of affordability, low awareness of the health consequences, as well as a mis-match between the normative priorities of policy makers – currently health- and those of cooks. It is found that the majority of polluting emissions within households - as well as greenhouse gases - from cooking derive from poorer households. A sectoral carbon offset strategy is proposed as a means of funding subsidies for ABSs and programme support measures. Several large corporations have invested significant sums in technology development, community outreach and dissemination, resulting in sales of over 600,000 ABSs. Reasons for their involvement appear mixed. Their market-based activities have generally not reached poor households and there are questions about their ability to build viable businesses in this highly dispersed and heterogeneous sector. A fundamental dichotomy is highlighted between large, centralised cooking programmes and the diverse, complex and changing reality of cooking activities, beliefs and behaviours on the ground. The research concludes that functional multi-level and multi-actor governance structures would be required to achieve a mass-scale transition to clean cooking using ABSs, with a lead role for the public sector. A key component of future success will involve building structures that ensure the agency of cooks and account for their socio-cultural cooking practices in the processes of technology and programme design and implementation.
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37

Sengupta, Jayshree. "Indien und die G8". Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/2318/.

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Seit 2005 ist Indien als eines der fünf Outreach-Länder in die Diskussionen der G8 eingebunden. Dies geschah wegen seiner Rolle als eine der Kraftquellen der Weltwirtschaft sowie als viertgrößter globaler Markt. Indien betrachtet ein offenes Welthandelregime und einen größeren Kapitalfluss in die Entwicklungsländer als notwendig, um diesen zu helfen, deren Exporte zu steigern, neue Jobs zu schaffen und den Wohlstand ihrer Produzenten zu erhöhen.
Since 2005 India is as one of the five outreach-countries included in the G8 discussions because of its role as one of the world’s economic powerhouses and the fourth biggest market in the world. India regards a more open world trading regime and more capital flows into developing countries necessary to help them to increase their exports, create jobs and increase the wealth of its producers.
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Rajmanickam, Vijayaraj, Hema Achyuthan, Christopher Eastoe i Anjum Farooqui. "Early-Holocene to present palaeoenvironmental shifts and short climate events from the tropical wetland and lake sediments, Kukkal Lake, Southern India: Geochemistry and palynology". SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624066.

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The Kukkal basin, Tamil Nadu, India, receives most of its rain from the southwest monsoon (SWM). A sediment core from Kukkal Lake preserves a continuous sediment record from the early-Holocene to present (9000 yr BP to present). The present lake is situated at an elevation of similar to 1887m a.s.l., in a small basin that appears to have alternated between a and wetland depositional environment. Climate proxies, including sediment texture, total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), C/N, pollen and geochemical composition indicate a steady progression to wetter conditions, with two stepwise changes at about 8000, and between 3200 and 1800 yr BP. The change at 8000 yr BP appears to correspond to a brief (100-150years) dry spell recorded elsewhere in India. The change at 3200-1800 yr BP consisted in a rapid intensification of the SWM, and may correlate with the initiation of the Roman Warm Period'. There is no clear evidence of changes at the times of the Medieval Warm Period' (MWP') and the Little Ice Age' (LIA'). The C/N ratio of the sediments ranges from 14.02 to 8.31, indicating that the organic matter originated from a mixture of lacustrine algae, vascular and terrestrial plants. Chemical weathering indices (Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA), Chemical Index of Weathering (CIW), and Plagioclase Index of Alteration (PIA)) are consistent with extreme silicate weathering. Pollen data show a development from savanna vegetation prior to about 8000 yr BP, followed by grassland with palms, the appearance of ferns just prior to 3200 yr BP and the establishment of the tropical humid forest between 3200 and about 1800 yr BP.
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Haum, Rüdiger H. "Transfer of low-carbon technology under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change : the case of the Global Environment Facility and its market transformation approach in India". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/6348/.

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The transfer of low-carbon technology to developing countries is one of the key means to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in developing countries and therefore a key aspect of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). This thesis aims to contribute to the understanding of international low-carbon technology transfer and how it might do justice to the interest of developed and developing countries. The empirical example is the technology transfer approach and its implementation by the Global Environmental Facility, which acts as the financial mechanism of the UNFCCC. My theoretical framework includes two sets of theories. The first includes theories of international technology transfer. This set explains how international technology transfer may lead to economic benefits on the side of the technology recipient. This theory, however, does not explain how international technology transfer will lead to significant environmental benefits. I therefore included a second set of theories in my theoretical framework. Theories of diffusion of environmental technologies explain how technology might achieve environmental benefits such as the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in developing countries. A case study was chosen as method. In order to do justice to the research question, the empirical enquiry takes place on three interconnected levels. On the first level, the positions of developed and developing countries on the subject of technology transfer under UNFCCC were established. These serve as additional yardsticks for the discussion of the GEF approach and its outcomes. On the second level, the technology transfer approach of the GEF and the relationship to GEF and UNFCCC on the subject on technology transfer was established. On the third level, the GEF project Photovoltaic Market Transformation Initiative (PVMTI) in India, which follows the GEF approach to technology transfer, was investigated. The thesis concludes, in relation to the research question, that the current GEF approach to technology transfer is unlikely to achieve the goals of both developed and developing countries. It is able to achieve the goals of developed countries as it tends to prioritise the environmental goals through selected demand side measures that are effective in achieving emission reductions. It is less effective in achieving development goals as international technology transfer is left to the private actor.
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40

Bhalerao, Amol Kamalakar Verfasser], i Uwe A. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Schneider. "Strategies to Mitigate the Socio-Economic and Environmental Impacts of Climate Change : A Case of Northeastern India (A Multi-Method Approach) / Amol Kamalakar Bhalerao ; Betreuer: Uwe A. Schneider". Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1186891173/34.

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Bhalerao, Amol Kamalakar [Verfasser], i Uwe A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Schneider. "Strategies to Mitigate the Socio-Economic and Environmental Impacts of Climate Change : A Case of Northeastern India (A Multi-Method Approach) / Amol Kamalakar Bhalerao ; Betreuer: Uwe A. Schneider". Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1186891173/34.

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42

Gupta, Ananya. "The Politicization of Water: Transboundary Water-Conflict in the Indian Subcontinent". Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin159016833466416.

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43

Robert, Marion. "Modeling adaptive decision-making of farmer : an integrated economic and management model, with an application to smallholders in India". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30251/document.

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Dans les régions semi-arides, les systèmes de production agricole dépendent fortement de l'irrigation et font face à des difficultés croissantes (épuisement des ressources naturelles, forte volatilité des prix du marché, hausse des coûts de l'énergie, incertitude sur les changements climatiques). Modéliser ces systèmes agricoles et la façon dont ils s'adaptent est important pour les décideurs politiques afin de mieux évaluer leur flexibilité et leur résilience. Pour comprendre la capacité des systèmes agricoles à s'adapter, il est essentiel de considérer l'ensemble du processus de décision : des décisions sur le long-terme à l'échelle de l'exploitation aux décisions de court-terme à l'échelle de la parcelle. Pour ce faire, cette thèse conçoit un système de production agricole adaptable dans un contexte de diminution de l'eau et de changement climatique. Elle fournit une méthodologie guidant l'acquisition de données, leur analyse et la conception de modèle. Elle présente le modèle de simulation NAMASTE représentant les décisions des agriculteurs, les interactions entre agriculteurs pour l'utilisation des ressources communes et met l'accent sur la rétroaction entre pratiques agricoles et évolution de la nappe phréatique. Le modèle a été initialement développé pour résoudre les problèmes critiques de baisse des eaux souterraines liés aux pratiques agricoles dans un bassin versant du sud-ouest de l'Inde. Sa structure, ses cadres conceptuels et ses formalismes peuvent être utilisés dans d'autres contextes agricoles
In semi-arid regions, agricultural production systems depend greatly on irrigation and encounter increasing challenges (depletion of natural resources, high volatility in market prices, rise in energy costs, growing uncertainty about climate change). Modeling farming systems and how these systems change and adapt to these challenges is particularly interesting for policy makers to better assess their flexibility and resiliency. To understand the ability of farming systems to adapt, it is essential to consider the entire decision-making process: from long-term decisions at the farm scale to short-term decisions at the plot level. To this end, the thesis conceives a flexible and resilient agricultural production system under a context of water scarcity and climate change. It provides a step-by-step methodology that guides data acquisition and analysis and model design. It proposes a simulation model NAMASTE that simulates the farmers' decisions in different time and space scales, represents the interactions between farmers for resource uses and emphasizes the feedback and retroaction between farming practices and changes in the water table. The model was initially developed to address critical issues of groundwater depletion and farming practices in a watershed in southwestern India. Its structure, frameworks and formalisms can be used in other agricultural contexts
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Rodrigues, Elze Camila Ferreira [UNESP]. "A atuação internacional do Brasil para as mudanças climáticas: as COP de 2009 a 2015". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138969.

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Submitted by ELZE CAMILA FERREIRA RODRIGUES null (elzerodrigues@gmail.com) on 2016-06-06T19:02:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RODRIGUES, Elze. (Dissertação) A atuação internacional do Brasil para as mudanças climáticas - as COP de 2009 a 2015.pdf: 1314961 bytes, checksum: 200eb2bbd9bf67956a9ed43d2124a102 (MD5)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
No ano de 2009, durante a décima quinta edição da Conferência das Partes (COP) da Convenção-Quadro das Nações Unidas para as Mudanças Climáticas (UNFCCC, na sigla em inglês), a representação diplomática brasileira assumiu para o país um compromisso voluntário de redução das emissões nacionais de gases causadores do efeito estufa. Tal evento foi marcante no regime internacional de mudanças climáticas e na trajetória da política externa ambiental brasileira por conta do pioneirismo do país entre os intermediários que não pertencem ao Anexo I. Essa atitude da diplomacia brasileira é parte da conjuntura vivida pelo multilateralismo ambiental em que a tradicional clivagem Norte-Sul ganhava também a categoria intermediária das economias emergentes. A atuação do Brasil e de outros países dessa categoria teve reflexos nos debates nos anos posteriores à COP-15. O objetivo desse trabalho é, assim, analisar a atuação da diplomacia brasileira entre a COP-15 e a COP-21 diante dos desafios das mudanças climáticas e do multilateralismo. Para tanto, faz-se uma análise da política externa ambiental do país neste período, bem como um paralelo com a atuação dos países do BASIC na mesma cronologia.
In 2009, during the fifteenth edition of the Conference of the Parties (COP) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Brazilian diplomatic representation took a voluntary commitment to reduce national emissions of greenhouse gas effect. This was an outstanding event in the international climate change regime and in the trajectory of Brazilian environmental foreign policy because of the country's pioneering among the intermediaries economies that do not belong to Annex I. This attitude of Brazilian diplomacy is a part of the framework experienced by environmental multilateralism where the traditional division between North-South includes now the intermediate category of emerging economies. The performance of Brazil and other countries in that category was reflected in the discussions in the years after COP-15. The aim of this study is to analyze the performance of Brazilian diplomacy between the COP-15 and COP-21 concerning the challenges of climate change and multilateralism. Therefore, it is an analysis of the Brazilian environmental foreign policy during this period as well as a comparison with the performance of the BASIC countries in the same timeline.
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Ramirez, Villegas Julian Armando. "Genotypic adaptation of Indian groundnut cultivation to climate change : an ensemble approach". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6372/.

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Climate change has been projected to significantly affect agricultural productivity and hence food availability during the 21st century, with particularly negative effects across the global tropics. However, the uncertainty associated with projecting climate change impacts is a barrier to agricultural adaptation. The work reported in this thesis is a contribution to the understanding of genotypic adaptation to near-term (i.e. 2030s) climate change and many of the associated uncertainties, using model ensembles. This work focuses on Indian groundnut and uses the General Large Area Model for annual crops (GLAM) and the EcoCrop niche model to investigate the response of groundnut under future climate scenarios, and to develop a genotypic adaptation strategy. Under the future representative concentrations pathway (RCP) 4.5, robust positive climate change impacts on crop productivity were found in 3 (western, northern and south-eastern) out of 5 groundnut growing regions. From the remainder of regions, one presented robust negative impacts and in the other uncertainties precluded a robust statement being made about productivity changes. Yield gains were associated with seasonal precipitation increases, a lower frequency of occurrence of terminal drought and its effect on cropping season length. Yield loss in central India was associated with less radiation interception and reductions in crop duration, whereas in the south there was large uncertainty due to temperature biases in GCMs triggering (or not) heat stress during anthesis. The latter result suggests that decisions of whether to correct or not GCM biases and the method of correction may be at least as important as the choice of climate scenario, or the choice of crop model parameters. Adaptation simulations indicated that the most critical traits for groundnut adaptation under future scenarios are increases in maximum photosynthetic rates, greater partitioning to seeds and, where enough soil moisture is available, also increases in the maximum transpiration rate. Changes to crop duration were beneficial if durations did not exceed those of the baseline, and hence allowed for enough water uptake at the end of the cropping season. Yield gains in adaptation scenarios were particularly large in eastern and northern India, and more moderate across the rest of the country.
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46

Kulkarni, Kedar <1991&gt. ""Indian Agriculture – Productivity, Climate Change and Institutions An essay in Agricultural Economics"". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/8815.

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"Agricultural sector in India has recorded tremendous growth since Independence. This has been largely possible due to the new agricultural reforms and the arrival of the green and white revolutions. The impact of the new agricultural reforms can be felt in the massive increase in the productivity of coarse cereals and pulses which has enabled India to attain self-sufficiency in food grains. A by-product of this has been the gradual rise of energy inputs. In particular, fertilizer consumption, diesel use and electricity consumption, have seen a dramatic rise post 1960. There also has been a large scale substitution of capital for labour. This is a direct consequence of the increasing population size and food grain demand as India strives to maintain self-sufficiency. However, more importantly, the extravagant use of energy inputs and substitution of capital for labour coupled with new agricultural technology has had an adverse effect on the climate. This thesis makes an attempt to analyse the growth in Indian Agriculture and derive its implications in relation to energy use and CO2 emissions. The specific objective is to estimate the relationship between carbon emissions and agricultural productivity. Although agricultural production in India has witnessed a tremendous growth, it is unclear whether the high intake of energy has an adverse impact on climate. Over the past years, the northern states of India have blossomed partly due to favourable climatic conditions, while the western and southern states have experienced drastic climatic conditions that have adversely impacted agricultural productivity, repercussions of which are felt in farmer suicides and rural to urban migration. This thesis also investigates this issue by throwing light on the role of institutions in the development of agriculture and its implications on climate change. The findings of the study show the presence of a positive relationship between agricultural productivity and the level of carbon emissions. Further, the study also finds that states with good institution are able to perform better than their competitors endowed with bad institutions."
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Azeem, Muhammad Salman <1992&gt. "regarding Variations of Species Distribution in the Indian Ocean under Climate Change". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/14714.

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Species distribution modelling (SDM) plays an important role in the biodiversity conservation and provides better knowledge about the species habitats. Marine habitats have been effected by the growing climate change in the last few years and there is the potential that the situation can get worse. In this thesis twenty fish species from different parts of the Indian ocean are examined for the present and future (2040-2050) scenarios under the climate change by using maximum entropy modelling (Maxent) technique. Different environmental variables are used for building the present and future distribution models of the fish species. Further these models are interpreted to understand which variable influence their distribution more. The results don’t show much of the difference between the present and future scenarios but it is important to store the data for a better far future, which is already under the threat of climate change. This research concludes that species distribution modelling (SDM) plays a vital role in understanding the relationship between the species habitats and their environment.
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48

Longbottom, Todd L. M. S. "Climatic and topographic controls on soil carbon storage and dynamics in the Indian Himalaya: Potential carbon cycle and climate change feedbacks". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1342106746.

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Welton, R. "Coastal tourism : the response of Indian Ocean island tourism destinations to climate change". Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2012. http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/266/.

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This research examines tourism within developing island states in the Indian Ocean that will be at extreme risk from the impacts of climate change. Many have a high economic reliance upon tourism and yet will be adversely affected by both higher sea levels and raised water temperatures. However, many developing islands utilise tourism as a vector for economic growth and ironically they too tend to be some of the first destinations to observe possible impacts of climate change like the disappearance of beaches and the greater intensity of storms. Destinations in the developing world are extremely concerned that tourists from developed countries will reduce the number of long haul flights they take to ameliorate their carbon footprint. Three tourism island destinations in the Indian Ocean are used as case studies, namely Sri Lanka, the Maldives and the Seychelles. The research seeks to establish the knowledge levels and actions of public and private sector stakeholders within the tourism industry in response to the impacts of climate change within these island destinations. A multi-method approach is used to gather data: semi-structured interviews, participant observations and documentary evidence. This is useful for the purpose of triangulation and to increase the construct validity of the research. The findings build a detailed picture of the cases and enable an understanding into the respondents’ knowledge of climate change; climate change adaptation and mitigation measures taken or planned within the destination; current and future impacts of climate change and how the tourism industry has responded. This provides an insight as to whether sustainable tourism policies are being encouraged, adaptation and mitigation measures taken or planned and also an assessment of the effectiveness of transfer from policy to practice. The results illustrate that all the destinations are currently experiencing changes which they associate with climate change; these impacts vary within each of the destinations. Contextual factors identified as being significant in understanding the responsiveness of tourism island destinations to climate change within the Indian Ocean were the unique political, economic, social, geographic and technological aspects of each island. These contextual factors influenced the stakeholders’ knowledge, attitude and behaviour regarding climate change. This provides an indication of the tourism islands’ preparedness for the consequences of climate change and an indication of the future of tourism on the islands. Based on the analysis of the findings a model is proposed that seeks to explain the relationship between these factors that will provide an indication of the future shape of tourism on these Indian Ocean island tourism destinations.
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50

Walch, Colin. "Conflict in the Eye of the Storm : Micro-dynamics of Natural Disasters, Cooperation and Armed Conflict". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-268341.

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Many of the most destructive natural disasters have taken place in situations characterized by armed conflict and insecurity: the Indian Ocean tsunami in Sri Lanka and Indonesia in 2004, the floods in Pakistan in 2011, the drought in Somalia in 2011 and typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines in 2013. Surprisingly little research has systematically explored how armed conflict affects natural disaster management, and how shocks from natural disaster influence conflict dynamics. This dissertation addresses these gaps by providing a qualitative and disaggregated analysis of the micro-dynamics underpinning the relationship between armed conflict, natural disasters and cooperation. It asks: what is the relationship between natural disasters and processes of conflict and cooperation in countries affected by civil conflict? To explore this question, the dissertation offers four essays that explore different facets of this relationship, focusing on the rebel group. Examining collaboration between rebel group and humanitarian actors during disaster relief efforts in the Philippines, essay I finds that rebel group behavior after a natural disaster is shaped by the level of hostility between combatant parties and the nature of the ties with the local population. Exploring the effect of natural disasters on conflict dynamics in the case of the Philippines, essay II suggests that natural disasters hinder rebel group recruitment tactics, by increasing hardship for rebel combatants and supporters, by weakening the rebel group’s organizational structure and supply lines, and by leading to a loss of territorial control. Based on a comparative case study between Colombia and the Philippines, essay III revisits ripeness theory and argues that the level of rebel group cohesion will help to predict whether or not rebel groups stay at the negotiation table until an agreement is reached. While a typhoon affected the Philippines during the negotiations, it did not “ripen” the peace talks. Finally, article IV explores pre-disaster evacuation across conflict-affected regions in the Philippines and India, and argues that both experience of previous disaster and the level of trust in government officials influence the likelihood of people evacuating. The dissertation has important implications for both disaster management and conflict resolution, and it calls for more dialogue between both disciplines.
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