Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Cinema Service”
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Wan, Xing, Nianxin Wang i Ben Shaw-Ching Liu. "Impact of O2O platform multihoming and vertical integration on performance of local service firms – a quantile regression approach". Internet Research 30, nr 5 (7.05.2020): 1583–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/intr-03-2019-0087.
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PurposeThis study takes the cinema industry as the research context and investigates the impact of online to offline (O2O) platforms on cinemas' performance. Specifically, the purposes of this paper are threefold: first, to study the influence of platform multihoming on cinemas' performance; second, to examine the interaction impact of platform multihoming and vertical integration; third, to investigate how the influence of platform multihoming varies with cinemas' performance.Design/methodology/approachThis study collects data from 1918 cinemas in China, employs quantile regressions to estimate the model and test the proposed hypotheses and adopts an instrumental variable method to examine the robustness of our results.FindingsThe findings confirm the positive role of platform multihoming for cinemas' performance. However, when a cinema has low-degree platform multihoming, the cinema's vertical integration is positively associated with its performance; when a cinema has high-degree platform multihoming, the cinema's vertical integration is negatively associated with its performance. Furthermore, results from quantile regressions indicate that low-performance cinemas benefit more than high-performance cinemas from employing platform multihoming strategy.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper extends previous research by investigating the impact of platform multihoming on heterogeneous firms and the impact of interaction between platform multihoming and vertical integration. The findings imply that the impact of platform multihoming on firms' performance depends on firms' performance attributes and their vertical relationships.Practical implicationsPlatform multihoming can be a double-edged sword for local service firms. When multihoming platforms, a local service firm should think about the fit between platforms and its own attributes, and identify the potential conflict between platform relationships and traditional relationships of industrial organization.Originality/valueThere is a growing interest in understanding platforms' role in the digital economy. The impact of platform participation on local service firms' performance is not sufficiently investigated. Previous research rarely addressed the impact by incorporating local service firms' performance attributes and the existing relationships of industrial organization.
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Dominiczak, Marek H. "Cinema: Its Surreptitious Service to Science". Clinical Chemistry 62, nr 7 (1.07.2016): 1045–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2015.253104.
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Rekabtalaei, Golbarg. "CINEMATIC GOVERNMENTALITY: CINEMA AND EDUCATION IN MODERN IRAN, 1900S–1930S". International Journal of Middle East Studies 50, nr 2 (maj 2018): 247–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743818000053.
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AbstractMuch of the scholarship on the history of Iranian cinema considers film spectatorship in the first three decades of the 20th century as a leisure practice with origins in royalist and elitist entertainment forms. However, a close reading of archival material from this era reveals that cinema's significance extended well beyond its role as a pastime, as it became engaged in the governance of the self and disciplinary strategies of the state in Iran's experience of modernity in the early 20th century. In this article, I reperiodize the history of cinema in Iran by demonstrating the entanglement of cinema in popular nationalist discourses on education prior to cinema's institutionalization in the 1930s. Drawing on newspaper articles, film announcements, official documents, and poems, I show how, despite the absence of a centralized cinema institution in the 1910s and early 1920s, cosmopolitan citizens in dialogue with global trends promoted cinema as a means for the governance of selfhood and moral edification in the service of national progress. With the appropriation of cinema by the Pahlavi state in the 1930s, cinema was used as a technique of governmentality that aimed to conduct the conduct of individuals and shape an Iranian civic society.
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Asbjørnsen, Dag, i Ove Solum. "Public service cinema? On strategies of legitimacy in policies for Norwegian cinema". International Journal of Cultural Policy 5, nr 2 (kwiecień 1999): 269–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286639909358103.
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Kozlovsky-Golan, Yvonne. "Engaged Cinema for Peace? Israeli Cinema in the Service of Political Ideologies". Journal of Contemporary Antisemitism 1, nr 2 (1.03.2018): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.26613/jca/1.2.14.
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Dixon, Wheeler Winston. "“Service Providers”: Genre Cinema in the 21st Century". Quarterly Review of Film and Video 34, nr 3 (15.02.2017): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10509208.2017.1281073.
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Stjernholm, Emil. "GDR Cinema on Swedish Television". VIEW Journal of European Television History and Culture 10, nr 19 (24.06.2021): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18146/view.259.
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This article studies the import of East German films by Swedish public service broadcaster Sveriges Radio, and their reception in the Swedish public sphere. While few GDR films reached theatrical distribution, Swedish television imported and broadcasted over 30 productions by the state-owned film studio DEFA during the 1970s and 1980s, making this the primary distribution window for East German film in Sweden. Relying on sources such as Sveriges Radio’s in-house correspondence and screening reports, the weekly Sveriges Radio magazine Voices in Radio/Television (Röster i Radio/TV) and the public service corporation’s annual reports, this study sheds light on the political, economic and ideological considerations involved in the cultural exchange between Sweden and the GDR.
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Nguyen, Thi Hanh Dung, Jinseo Park i Myung-su Chae. "The Effects of Service Factors on Customer`s Consumption Value and Revisit Intention in Multiplex Cinema Service: Focusing on Multiplex Cinema Service in Korea and Vietnam". International Area Studies Review 21, nr 2 (30.06.2017): 197–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.21212/iasr.21.2.9.
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Zhabskiy, Mikhail I. "On The Matter of Market in Cinema". Journal of Flm Arts and Film Studies 8, nr 3 (15.09.2016): 128–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vgik83128-140.
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At cinemas inception the market played the role of the midwife. Further on, market relations had been one of the fundamental framing conditions for the formation and the development of cinema as a social institution, with all its merits and demerits. It was along the pathways of the market that cinema crossed over from France to Russia. The state more suffered it rather than accepted it. Nicholas II deemed cinema a vacuous, no-good-for-anyone, and even harmful entertainment. Of the same opinion initially was V. Lenin. But, having positioned himself at the helm of the state, he put forth the task of turning cinema into artistic propaganda and the most important of the arts. Commerce in cinema was subjected to an ideological and aesthetical anathema. However, market relations did not cease to exist altogether. They rather took on a rudimentary and truncated form. But even in that state, market relations came to be one of the decisive conditions for the cost-effectiveness of Soviet cinema. Since many deny it, in the article this viewpoint is overturned by an analysis of statistical materials from 1976 and 1986. It is shown that the cost-effectiveness was concealed by draconian taxation and the economically groundless expenditure on operating the exhibition network which had been built with a view of film service to the entire population, including the rural. In the late 1980s, on the initiative of the Soviet state, a turn was executed toward a legitimate socialist market. But in reality, only the first steps were made in that direction. Intervene did the demise of the state regime in the USSR. In the post-Soviet period a proper development of the market mechanism did not come to pass. Functioning primarily thanks to the state financial support, the national cinema of contemporary Russia is of a mixed sort: a public-mercantile one.
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Xu, Hai Hua, Li Ping Liu i Bai Chuan Liu. "Analysis and Design of the Cloud System of Inner Mongolia National Cinema Line". Advanced Materials Research 1014 (lipiec 2014): 379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1014.379.
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To make the inner Mongolia National cinema line company to expand the low-cost movie channel benefitting civilian, take better advantage of the company's movie integration and issue, bear the spread and services of films in the whole inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, in this paper, we design and implement the cloud system of inner Mongolia National cinema line, take intelligent digital television operating system under the cloud technique as carrying and transmission tool, broadcast a front-end frequency point through the cable digital television network in the total region, broadcast the digital and cultural content, such as high-definition movies, digital books, party member education , technical training, newspapers, magazines, government information and convenience information, to each neighborhood and community, all levels of schools, factories and business units in the whole region, build the cloud cinema of multi-functional digital cinema hall whose contents are unified, with truly unified management, unified propaganda, unified arranging videos, service on demand, promote the industrial development of national digital culture industry, expand new channels of the national film show, serve the overwhelming majority of community residents.
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Sari, Hesti Permata, Fitria Kasih i Citra Imelda Usman. "Model of The Group Guidance Service Design Using The Cinema Therapy Method In Helping Student Achievement of Development Tasks". Indonesian Journal of School Counseling: Theory, Application, and Development 1, nr 1 (27.04.2021): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/ijosc.v1i1.19982.
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The research objectives describe:1.The task profile of students' developmental achievement in class XI SMAN 3 Mukomuko. 2.Implementation of group guidance in helping the achievement of developmental tasks carried out by the Guidance and Counseling Teacher. 3.The group guidance service design model using the cinema therapy method in helping the achievement of student developmental tasks. This study uses a mixed method. Dataanalysis techniques for Development Task Inventory(ITP). While qualitative research,techniques used in data processing through data reduction,data presentation and conclusion drawing. Based on the results of research the following conclusions can be drawn:1.The profile of the task of achieving the development of students in class XI of SMAN 3 Mukomuko seen from the Inventory of Development Tasks is generally at the level of self-awareness. 2.Implementation of group guidance in assisting the achievement of developmental tasks carried out by the Guidance and Counseling Teacher,providing monotonous group guidance, discussions, homeroom. 3.Thedesign model of group guidance services using the cinema therapy method in helping the achievement of student developmental tasks. Based on the results of the research,it can be recommended that the Guidance and Counseling Teachers be able to apply the group guidance service design model using the cinema therapy method.
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Ditazha, Julya, Eko Pujiyanto i I. Wayan Suletra. "Designing The Proposed Improvement of TIX ID Online Cinema Ticket Purchase Service Quality". Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Industri 19, nr 2 (23.12.2020): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/jiti.v19i2.11540.
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TIX ID is application in Indonesia that provides new experiences in purchasing cinema tickets. The success of a company can be seen from service quality in fulfilling the satisfaction of customers. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to designing the proposed improvement TIX ID online cinema ticket purchase service quality. This study was conducted in three stages, namely testing the hypotheses of the relationship between variables using PLS-SEM, measuring service quality using the servqual method, and designing the proposed improvement. The result of this study is e-service quality has a significant effect on e-satisfaction and e-loyalty. In addition, the dimensions of e-service quality are dominant effect on the low TIX ID service quality is compensation, with a gap of 27%. Recommendations for improvement are providing customer access to be able to contact customers service directly and SOP of the cooperation TIX ID and DANA.
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Jeong, Dae-Gwon. "An Internet Streaming Service for Digital Cinema Using Motion JPEG2000". Journal of Broadcast Engineering 14, nr 1 (30.01.2009): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2009.14.1.93.
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Ramos, Alexandre. "Luanda e Sua Gente, Cidade Feiticeira: Representations of an Eternal Empire". Canadian Journal of History 56, nr 2 (1.08.2021): 110–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjh-56-2-2021-0029.
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After World War I, cinema emerged as a powerful instrument of (counter) information for the colonial cause in the service of the European colonial powers, and Portugal was no exception. In fact, the use of cinema by the Portuguese authorities for colonial propaganda is the subject of this article. The aim of this study is to show how the post-war “winds of change” shifted the paradigm of the Portuguese colonial cinema by comparing the representation of Luanda in two colonial films about Angola produced in the 1950s and 1970s: Luanda, Cidade Feiticeira, (1950) and Luanda e a sua Gente (1973), respectively.
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Lawton, Anna, Vance Kepley, Denise J. Youngblood, Val S. Golovskoy i John Rimberg. "In the Service of the State: The Cinema of Alexander Dovzhenko". Russian Review 47, nr 2 (kwiecień 1988): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/129980.
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Lary, N. M., i Vance Kepley. "In the Service of the State: The Cinema of Alexander Dovzhenko". Slavic and East European Journal 32, nr 3 (1988): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/309200.
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Rasmini, R., Hisyam Ihsan i Maya Sari Wahyuni. "Analisis Antrian Pelayanan Tiket Bioskop di Makassar". Journal of Mathematics, Computations, and Statistics 2, nr 2 (12.05.2020): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.35580/jmathcos.v2i2.12578.
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Pada umumnya antrian yang cukup panjang dapat menimbulkan ketidaknyamanan para pengunjung. Oleh karena itu efesiensi waktu pelayanan merupakan hal yang menarik untuk dikaji. Permasalahan yang dikaji adalah mengenai sistem antrian pelayanan pembelian tiket di Bioskop 21 Mall Panakkukkang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui model antrian yang diterapkan di Bioskop 21 Mall Panakkukkang. Dalam proses analisis dilakukan perhitungan secara manual dan menggunakan software Microsoft Visual Basic sebagai pembandingnya. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data yang diperoleh, struktur antrian yang diterapkan pada pelayanan pembelian tiket di Bioskop 21 Mall Panakkukkang adalah Singel Channel Single Phase. Model yang diterapkan adalah (M/M/1):(FCFS/∞/∞). Diambil data selama 3 hari dan diperoleh hasil perhitungan rata-rata antara lain: Antrian pada penelitian ini dikatakan sudah optimal dikarenakan lama pelayanan setiap pengunjung pembelian tiket Bioskop telah memenuhi standar pelayanan. Sedangkan untuk antrian pengunjung yang akan mendapatkan pelayanan telah optimal. Hal ini dikarenakan lama waktu menunggu dan lama waktu pelayanan pada loket terbilang singkat. Sehingga tidak perlu dilakukan penambahan ataupun pengurangan jumlah server pelayanan yang disediakan.Kata Kunci: Teori Antrian, Singel Channel Single Phase, Distribusi Poisson, Distribusi Eksponensial, Simulasi. The average number of long lines can cause discomfort to visitors. Therefore the efficiency of the service time is an interesting thing to learn. The problem studied is about the queue system ticket purchase service at Cinema 21 Mall Panakkukkang. This study aims to determine the queue model applied in the Cinema 21 Mall Panakkukkang. In the process of analysis the calculation is done manualy and using Microsoft Visual Basic as a comparison. Based on the results of the analysis of the data obtained, the structure of the queue applied to the ticket pusrchase service at Cinema 21 Mall Panakkukang is Singel Channel Single Phase. The model applied is the (M/M/1):(FCFS/∞/∞). Data taken for 3 days and the obtained results of the average calculation, among others This queue on the study is said to be optimal due to the long service each visitor the purchase of a Cinema ticket has meet the service standards. While for the queue of visitors who will get the service has been optimal. This is because the long waiting time and long time service at the counter is fairly short. So no need to do addition or subtraction the number of service servers provided.Keywords: Queuing Theory, Single Channel Single Phase, Distribution Poisson, Distribution Exponential, Simulation.
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Rasmini, R., Hisyam Ihsan i Maya Sari Wahyuni. "Analisis Antrian Pelayanan Tiket Bioskop di Makassar". Journal of Mathematics, Computations, and Statistics 2, nr 2 (31.10.2019): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.35580/jmathcos.v2i2.13787.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Pada umumnya antrian yang cukup panjang dapat menimbulkan ketidaknyamanan para pengunjung. Oleh karena itu efesiensi waktu pelayanan merupakan hal yang menarik untuk dikaji. Permasalahan yang dikaji adalah mengenai sistem antrian pelayanan pembelian tiket di Bioskop 21 Mall Panakkukkang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui model antrian yang diterapkan di Bioskop 21 Mall Panakkukkang. Dalam proses analisis dilakukan perhitungan secara manual dan menggunakan software Microsoft Visual Basic sebagai pembandingnya. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data yang diperoleh, struktur antrian yang diterapkan pada pelayanan pembelian tiket di Bioskop 21 Mall Panakkukkang adalah Singel Channel Single Phase. Model yang diterapkan adalah (M/M/1):(FCFS/∞/∞). Diambil data selama 3 hari dan diperoleh hasil perhitungan rata-rata antara lain: Antrian pada penelitian ini dikatakan sudah optimal dikarenakan lama pelayanan setiap pengunjung pembelian tiket Bioskop telah memenuhi standar pelayanan. Sedangkan untuk antrian pengunjung yang akan mendapatkan pelayanan telah optimal. Hal ini dikarenakan lama waktu menunggu dan lama waktu pelayanan pada loket terbilang singkat. Sehingga tidak perlu dilakukan penambahan ataupun pengurangan jumlah server pelayanan yang disediakan.Kata Kunci: Teori Antrian, Singel Channel Single Phase, Distribusi Poisson, Distribusi Eksponensial, Simulasi. The average number of long lines can cause discomfort to visitors. Therefore the efficiency of the service time is an interesting thing to learn. The problem studied is about the queue system ticket purchase service at Cinema 21 Mall Panakkukkang. This study aims to determine the queue model applied in the Cinema 21 Mall Panakkukkang. In the process of analysis the calculation is done manualy and using Microsoft Visual Basic as a comparison. Based on the results of the analysis of the data obtained, the structure of the queue applied to the ticket pusrchase service at Cinema 21 Mall Panakkukang is Singel Channel Single Phase. The model applied is the (M/M/1):(FCFS/∞/∞). Data taken for 3 days and the obtained results of the average calculation, among others This queue on the study is said to be optimal due to the long service each visitor the purchase of a Cinema ticket has meet the service standards. While for the queue of visitors who will get the service has been optimal. This is because the long waiting time and long time service at the counter is fairly short. So no need to do addition or subtraction the number of service servers provided.Keywords: Queuing Theory, Single Channel Single Phase, Distribution Poisson, Distribution Exponential, Simulation.
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Nwonka, Clive James, i Sarita Malik. "Cultural discourses and practices of institutionalised diversity in the UK film sector: ‘Just get something black made’". Sociological Review 66, nr 6 (4.05.2018): 1111–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038026118774183.
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‘Diversity’ is an evolving dimension of discursive debates within publicly funded parts of the UK media. This article considers how representations of racial diversity in cinema were articulated in a particular moment in recent history. It traces the relationship between the broader New Labour neoliberal agenda of the late 1990s and the UK Film Council’s (UKFC) New Cinema Fund, the key funding mechanism for supporting black British cinema at the time. The authors suggest that the New Cinema Fund’s ‘institutional diversity’ agenda represented a symbolic effort by both the UKFC and UK public service broadcasters to redevelop black British film vis-a-vis a plethora of cultural imperatives oriented around the notion of ‘social inclusion’. The nature of this intervention, it is argued, was strongly influenced by the 1999 Macpherson Report, which identified ‘institutional racism’ within the fabric of the UK’s organisations. The article examines how such an ‘institutional diversity’ agenda emerged within the production context of a BBC Film/UKFC production, Bullet Boy (2005), thus generating a rearticulated black British cinema that was deeply imbricated in the highly politicised contexts outlined.
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McBain, Janet. "Greens of Glasgow: ‘We Want “U” In’". Film Studies 10, nr 1 (2007): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/fs.10.6.
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This short essay draws on research undertaken by the curator of the Scottish Screen Archive on the few surviving films credited to Greens Film Service of Glasgow in the teens and twenties. The research revealed a dynamic family business, born out of the travelling cinematograph shows of the late nineteenth century, growing to assume a dominant role in the Scottish cinema trade in the silent era, across exhibition, distribution and production. One small part of a lost film history waiting for rediscovery – early cinema in Scotland.
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Yıldırım, Nisa. "Transformation of Comedy with Streaming Services: The Case of Bartu Ben". CINEJ Cinema Journal 8, nr 2 (3.12.2020): 403–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/cinej.2020.300.
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Comedy has always been one ofthe most popular genres in Turkish cinema and television series. As the distinction between film and series has begun to blur in the post-television era, narratives are transforming according to the characteristics of the new medium. Streaming services targeting niche audience offer more freedom to creators of their content.Thisarticle aims tostudy the comedy series Bartu Ben (Its me, Bartu)which is one of the original series of Turkish streaming service Blu TV, in orderto interpret the differences ofthe series from traditional television comedies, and contributionof streaming servicesto the transformation of the genre.
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Massó Guijarro, Belén. "Social Education through Cinema: Conversations about a Pedagogical Experience with Pre-service Educators". International Journal of Interdisciplinary Educational Studies 16, nr 1 (2021): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2327-011x/cgp/v16i01/121-134.
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Ridho aulianto, Dwi, Ujang Asmara i Abdullah Risqillah. "ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI MINAT BELI PENONTON PENGGUNA APLIKASI TIKET BIOSKOP ONLINE". JURNAL TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DAN KOMUNIKASI 10, nr 2 (16.04.2020): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.51903/jtikp.v10i2.135.
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Abstract The development of information and communication technology makes all things we need is more practical and easy. For example, ordering or booking ticket for cinema through an application. It is an example of the application of technology that is used to attract the number of buyers by service providers. The easy access on getting product or item is the desire of every consumer. The entry of technology changes the patterns of consumer behaviour from manual to digital or online. The service provider of online cinema ticket provides some features which can attract and will be the important thing for some buyers. The changing of ticket sales through application will definitely change ticket sales figures. This study aims to determine the factors which influence audience buying interest through the online cinema ticket application. The method used is a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data collection is done through interviews with viewers who use the online ticket booth application in buying tickets in the mall jatinangor town square. The results showed several factors that influence the interest in buying tickets using the application, namely time efficiency, promos and discounts, the latest films available (coming soon), the opportunity to get bigger tickets, can determine the choice of seats, avoid the queue, easy to use in transactions.
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Lorenzo-Lledó, Alejandro. "Design and Validation of a Questionnaire to Measure Future Spanish Teachers’ Perceptions of Cinema in Pre-School and Primary Education: Towards Active and Technological Learning". Future Internet 12, nr 9 (3.09.2020): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi12090149.
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State of the art: Cinema, because of the eclectic nature of art, technology and mass media, can be manifested as an educational tool in the classroom. In this sense, the educational possibilities detected in the cinema are numerous. The pre-service teacher education in the figure of the teacher determines their educational resources. Purpose: The general objective of this study is to design and validate an instrument to measure the perceptions of students of Pre-School Teacher Degree and Primary Teacher Degree in Spanish universities about cinema as a teaching resource in Pre-School and Primary Education. Design/methodology: For this purpose, a systematic and planned process was developed for the design and validation of the Percepciones sobre las potencialidades del cine como recurso didáctico en las aulas de Infantil y Primaria ((PECID) (perceptions about the potentialities of cinema as a didactic resource in pre-school and primary classrooms)) questionnaire. Main findings: The results obtained showed a good content validity of 25 items after an expert judgement. On the other hand, a reliability of the internal consistency of the instrument of 0.978 was obtained. Furthermore, a three-factor structure was confirmed through factor analysis. Conclusions: It is concluded that the PECID questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument to measure the perceptions of future teachers in Spain about using cinema as a resource for future teaching.
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Horváth, Ádám, i Balázs Gyenge. "Service Marketing Analysis Of Movies As Unique Service-Products". SocioEconomic Challenges 4, nr 2 (2020): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/sec.4(2).44-55.2020.
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One of the features of films compared to other cultural products is the possibility of their use for advertising and information activities and influence on the formation of needs and audience preferences, as well as different patterns of consumer behavior. The urgency of this scientific problem is that the sale of cinema products today is impossible without a marketing system. The application of different marketing strategies depending on the specific tasks allows a differentiated approach to each project and achieve the goals both from the standpoint of contribution to the development of culture and in terms of obtaining economic effects from the film industry. The main purpose of the study is to substantiate and determine the features of the use of marketing tools in the film industry. The study of marketing services for film production was carried out in accordance with the logical structure of the concept of “7P” (product, promotion, location, price, staff, physical environment, and the process of providing services). Recommendations for the marketing of services in the film industry: first, the choice of methods for watching movies depends on the type of media environment (traditional, digital), secondly, the choice of ways to obtain movies depending on their genre and subject, thirdly, in order to effective promotion of content and perception of the film identified the basic requirements for its trailer. The article proves that the marketing of services in the film industry is aimed not only at meeting the socio-cultural needs of the population but also at the commercialization of the industry, ensuring audience access to films, as well as creating market conditions for its sustainable development. The research materials are the basis for further research on current issues of modern film practice, integration of film production and film consumption. Keywords: movie consumption, service marketing, consumer behavior, cultural marketing.
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Van De Peer, Stefanie. "Seascapes of solidarity". Alphaville: Journal of Film and Screen Media, nr 18 (1.12.2019): 38–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/alpha.18.04.
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Films about refugees have been embraced by accented cinema. Indeed, exilic filmmakers continue to test the boundaries of cinema, and specifically its strong bonds with nation and land. But not all exiles are refugees. This article offers that for Arab refugees the journeys across the sea define their filmmaking and thus also the refugee film. If we acknowledge the sea as a central theme, motif and stylistic element in (some) refugee cinema, spectators may be able to experience refugee cinema more ethically. Using the concept of “Mediterranean thinking” as a central analytical tool, this article focuses on the visual representations of refugees in films made on and in the Mediterranean Sea, problematising the injustices in the representation of refugees since the so-called “refugee crisis”. With a film-philosophical approach to four films from North Africa and Syria, I emphasise how filmmakers directly or indirectly address the senses of their spectators with a cinema that highlights the instability of knowledge and power through movement and fluidity. An in-depth analysis of the visual qualities of water places fluid space and time at the centre of these refugee films. In Mediterranean refugee filmmaking, water enables an embodied experience that leads to allegiance and sympathy, in order to achieve solidarity. This approach is based on a desire to contribute to a new historiography in the service of a more just world. Transnational journeys shape the representations of refugees travelling, transforming and transcending the Mediterranean. Ultimately, this article examines how the migrant and the sea itself develop with the “refugee crisis”, visualised in a cinema adrift on the Mediterranean Sea.
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Andrews, Hannah. "‘This is FilmFour – Not Some Cheesy Pseudo-Hollywood Thing!’: The Opening Night Simulcast of FilmFour on Channel 4". Journal of British Cinema and Television 9, nr 4 (październik 2012): 569–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jbctv.2012.0106.
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Channel 4's tradition of supporting, promoting and contributing to British cinema culture entered a new phase in 1998. Its film-making operations were consolidated into a single, semi-vertically integrated studio called FilmFour. On 1 November it launched a brand-new pay-TV channel of the same name. This channel programmed a variety of cinema, premiering world cinema films, FilmFour's own productions and independent films. It was the first digital channel in Britain affiliated to a public service broadcaster. The new channel was introduced on its opening night with a simultaneous broadcast with terrestrial Channel 4. Scheduled on this evening was a representative selection of films and programmes to entice viewers to take up the new channel, including the UK television premiere of The Usual Suspects (1995). This article presents a detailed textual analysis of this opening night simulcast. It examines how the new channel was presented to the audience, focusing particularly on interstitial material: the introductory programme, interviews with well-known faces from the British film industry, and additional material broadcast between the films. Evaluating the evening's output, the paper argues that the opening night simulcast represented both a marketing tool for the new channel and a means of extending the Channel 4 corporation's brand. This article offers a case study in how a public service broadcaster began to negotiate for itself a space in the new digital broadcasting environment by targeting a specific, discriminating audience.
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Cooke, Lez. "Jacob Leigh, The Cinema of Ken Loach: Art In The Service of the People". Journal of British Cinema and Television 1, nr 1 (maj 2004): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jbctv.2004.1.1.164.
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Goode, Ian. "The Unsatisfactory Medium: the Transition from Mobile Cinema to Television in the Post-war Highlands and Islands". Northern Scotland 11, nr 1 (maj 2020): 23–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/nor.2020.0203.
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Becky Conekin et al. identify the Queen's Coronation and its mediation by television in 1953 as the defining moment in post-war British modernity (Conekin, Mort, Waters 1999). The population of the Highlands and Islands mostly watched this event on 16mm film, via the mobile cinema shows provided by the Highlands and Islands Film Guild. Film assumed the audio-visual functions of television because the geography of the Highlands and Islands did not readily accommodate television broadcasting. Television arrived slowly and unevenly. This paper traces arrival of television into the Highlands and Islands and the uncertainty over accessibility and quality of reception. It argues that whilst the Scottish Education Department assumed that the mobile cinema service had been succeeded by television; the inherent problems of delivering television enabled the more communal, educative, legitimate and reliable cinema to prevail. This asynchronous relationship compels us to recognise the geography of British modernity. Drawing on archival sources, oral history interviews and media histories, this paper presents an account of the Highland experience of a transition typically aligned with an urban perspective.
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Rahmayana, Emellika, Rudy Trisno Yuwono i SKom MM. "Comparison between Two Quality of Websites for Cinema Service Providers in Indonesia Using Webqual Method". International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP) 9, nr 6 (6.06.2019): p9047. http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.9.06.2019.p9047.
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Zweig, Noah. "Foregrounding Public Cinema and Rural Audiences: The USDA Motion Picture Service as Cinematic Modernism, 1908–38". Journal of Popular Film and Television 37, nr 3 (16.11.2009): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01956050903218091.
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Kelly, Brendan D. "Psychiatry in contemporary Irish cinema: a qualitative study". Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 23, nr 2 (czerwiec 2006): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700009617.
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AbstractObjective: Media portrayals of mental illness and psychiatry have a considerable impact on public perceptions of mental health issues. This paper aims to focus on portrayals of psychiatry and psychiatrists in four contemporary Irish feature films in order to make wider points on this theme.Methods: Contemporary Irish feature-films that made substantial reference to psychiatry, psychiatrists or mental health in Ireland were identified though electronic searches and consultation with the Film Institute of Ireland. Selected films were viewed. Electronic searches were performed in the medical and film literatures, with broad search terms related to film, psychiatry, psychiatrists or mental health in Ireland. Additional books and papers were identified by tracking back through references and consulting with colleagues.Results: The portrayal of psychiatrists in film is closely related to the development of both twentieth century psychiatry and twentieth century cinema. In common with recent European films, certain recent Irish films have tended to show psychiatrists as sympathetic, humane individuals (with some notable exceptions). While there have been a number of portrayals of dissocial personally disorder and various states of chronic alienation in recent Irish film, there have been fewer portrayals of psychosis or learning disability. Recent Irish films emphasise the role of alcohol in causing and perpetuating psychological distress. They generally provide unflinching portrayals of the effects of psychological distress and alienation, suicide and substance abuse at individual, family and community levels; nonetheless, there is still a regrettable tendency for films to associate mental illness with dissocial behaviour.Conclusions: The portrayal of mental health issues in film presents both challenges and opportunities to film-makers, mental health service-users and general audiences alike. It is to be hoped that the recent trend towards realistic explorations of mental health issues in many European films continues into the future. Increased research in this area would help clarify the role of cinema in shaping public understandings of mental illness, and may also help identify additional ways of addressing stigma in the future.
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Bergera, Iñaki. "Designing from cinema: Film as trigger of the creative process in architecture". Journal of Technology and Science Education 8, nr 3 (21.05.2018): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jotse.372.
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The present paper examines, in a case study format, the use of films, short films and audiovisual documentaries as reasoning and references for design assignments during the first years of an architectural degree course. The aim of this fruitful and comparable experience is not so much to study and verify the well-known synergies between film and architecture, but to emphasize the methodological importance of endowing students in their first experience of design projects with realistic and feasible support – through visual references – that can increase their awareness of the desire for realism to which every project aspires. Project simulacrum finds an ally in the realistic fiction present in film. The association between film and architecture is thus placed at the service of learning and design methodology, as a means, not as an end.
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Santana, Edson Rodrigues, i Agnaldo Arroio. "THE USE OF AUDIOVISUAL APPROACH TO TEACH NATURE OF SCIENCE FOR IN-SERVICE NATURAL SCIENCE TEACHER’S EDUCATION". Problems of Education in the 21st Century 50, nr 1 (15.12.2012): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pec/12.50.90.
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The nature of science is a subject recognized among researchers and curriculum proposals, however still find some problems, especially with regard to what teachers understand about the subject and the importance attributed to it. Another element in this discussion concerns the use of resource suitable for use in teaching and learning situations. Therefore we present a research outline still in progress which discusses the use of audiovisual and methodological support to discuss the nature of science, for that resource is being applied in an in-service education program in the Faculty of Education, University of São Paulo, Brazil. According to the preliminary results it can find some initial modifications, these enhanced by audiovisual feature tied to reflections that occur during the activities developed by teachers. Key words: cinema, nature of science, in-service teachers.
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Jonah Wolpert, Daniel. "Cinema in Service of the State: Perspectives on Film Culture in the GDR and Czechoslovakia, 1945–1960". Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television 37, nr 1 (2.01.2017): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01439685.2016.1273337.
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Abbass, Ansar, Abdul Khaliq i Roman Khan. "Service Marketing Analysis of Movies in Pakistan". Journal of Social Sciences Research, nr 68 (11.08.2020): 745–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jssr.68.745.754.
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One of the features of films compared to other cultural products is the possibility of their use for advertising and information activities and influence on the formation of needs and audience preferences, as well as different patterns of consumer behavior. The urgency of this scientific problem is that the sale of cinema products today is impossible without a marketing system. The applications of different marketing strategies depending on the specific tasks allows a differentiated approach to each project and achieve the goals both from the standpoint of contribution to the development of culture, and in terms of obtaining economic effects from the film industry. The main purpose of the study is to substantiate and determine the features of the use of marketing tools in the film industry. The study of marketing services for film production was carried out in accordance with the logical structure of the concept of "7P" (product, promotion, location, price, staff, physical environment and the process of providing services). Recommendations for the marketing of services in the film industry: first, the choice of methods for watching movies depends on the type of media environment (traditional, digital), secondly, the choice of ways to obtain movies depending on their genre and subject, thirdly, in order to effective promotion of content and perception of the film identified the basic requirements for its trailer. The article proves that the marketing of services in the film industry is aimed not only at meeting the socio-cultural needs of the population, but also at the commercialization of the industry, ensuring audience access to films, as well as creating market conditions for its sustainable development. The research materials are the basis for further research on current issues of modern film practice, integration of film production and film consumption.
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Mini, Darshana Sreedhar. "Cinema and the mask of capital: Labour debates in the Malayalam film industry". Studies in South Asian Film & Media 11, nr 2 (1.12.2020): 173–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/safm_00027_1.
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Labour discourses in the film industry are often couched in the language of ‘welfare’ and an effort to maintain harmony among different filmmaking sectors. But such arrangements do not proffer equal participation or bargaining rights to everyone in the industry. Focusing on the Malayalam language film industry based in Kerala, this article examines how the film industry’s apprenticeship and unpaid labour arrangements affect below-the-line labour and less influential job profiles on a film set. In corollary, I also explore how labour and bargaining rights are conceptualized differently by film organizations based on their ideological positions. Using a mixed-methods approach, including media ethnography and interviews with members of different trade guilds who form part of Malayalam cinema’s professional, technical and service sectors, I demonstrate how structural inequalities in the film industry are overlooked while the cine-worker’s agency is co-opted by a neoliberal system that masquerades as welfare.
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Pua, Phoebe. "Response to “Seeking God in Early Bergman: The Cases of The Seventh Seal and Winter Light”". CINEJ Cinema Journal 2, nr 1 (26.11.2012): 42–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/cinej.2012.53.
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This article offers alternate readings of Ingmar Bergman’s The Seventh Seal (1957) and Winter Light (1963) to those proposed in a preceding article by Esma Kartal. It argues against the contention that the two films express optimism about one’s ability to resolve spiritual-existential angst and the possibility of ultimately reaffirming one’s faith. Through close analysis of pivotal scenes, including that of Death in the Castle in The Seventh Seal and the Frostnäs church service in Winter Light, the article exposes the unremitting pessimism that pervades the films’ atmospheres. In essence, the article asserts that the two films, Winter Light in particular, are among the most pessimistic in Bergman’s cinema.
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Keene, Rachael. "Film4, Freeview and Public Service Broadcasting: Screening Films on British Television in the Multi-channel Era". Journal of British Cinema and Television 11, nr 4 (październik 2014): 499–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jbctv.2014.0231.
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This article analyses the shift in programming policy that took place when Channel 4's specialist subscription channel FilmFour was relaunched as Film4 on the Freeview digital terrestrial television platform in 2006. Adopting a similar survey approach to Hannah Andrews (2012), this article examines new data sources tracking patterns in programming and scheduling practices in order to interrogate the nationality, age and genre of films screened on both channels between 1998 and 2011. The changing character of film programming during this period is shown to relate, in part, to increased commercial pressures brought about by the rapidly evolving multi-channel landscape. But while commercial imperatives were indeed a key factor in this evolution, Film4's scheduling strategies are also shown to be a product of the broadcaster's desire to reassert its public service identity in the Freeview era. Bibliographical addition: Andrews, H. (2012), ‘Public Service Broadcasters and British Cinema, 1990–2010’. Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Warwick.
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Pantenburg, Volker. "From the golden age of television: The case of Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WDR)". Critical Studies in Television: The International Journal of Television Studies 14, nr 1 (marzec 2019): 106–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1749602018818263.
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The mid-1970s proved a particularly fertile moment in the encounter between cinema and television in West Germany. Focusing on different editorial units at Cologne-based Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WDR), this dossier traces the sense of experimentation at the public service broadcaster. Commissioning editors like Werner Dütsch at the film unit, Angelika Wittlich and the series Telekritik, but also those at the department ‘Language and Literature’ made it possible for critics and film-makers like Harun Farocki to explore essayistic formats and programmes. The dossier combines a retrospective essay by WDR commissioning editor Dütsch, several archival documents from 1974 to 1976, and starts with a contextualising essay by Pantenburg.
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이정훈, 정종식 i 김준호. "Study on Customer Satisfaction Influenced by the Quality of Service, Physical Environment and Brand Recognition of a Multiplex Cinema". Journal of Distribution and Management Research 16, nr 4 (wrzesień 2013): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17961/jdmr.16.4.201309.61.
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Uhrich, Andy. "Pressed into the Service of Cinema: Issues in Preserving the Software of Hollis Frampton and the Digital Arts Lab". Moving Image 12, nr 1 (2012): 18–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mov.2012.0024.
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Andy Uhrich. "PRESSED INTO THE SERVICE OF CINEMA: Issues in Preserving the Software of Hollis Frampton and the Digital Arts Lab". Moving Image: The Journal of the Association of Moving Image Archivists 12, nr 1 (2012): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5749/movingimage.12.1.0018.
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Martha, Gilang Ramadhan, i Muhammad Gafar Yoetadi. "Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Pembelian Tiket Bioskop Online Tix Id Terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan". Prologia 3, nr 2 (21.12.2019): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/pr.v3i2.6365.
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The existence of the smartphone is usual to use today, so that everyone should have as a supporting tool in finding information. Smartphones are increasingly diverse functions even easier for users on the move, one example is the emergence of buying and selling online applications. TIX ID is one of the applications that support the purchase of cinema tickets online. This study aims to determine the effect of service quality cinema tickets online TIX ID on customer loyalty. The method used is quantitative method. The number of respondents used in this study were 85 students of the Faculty of Computer Science Information Systems Mercu Buana University. Analysis of data using Test Validity, Test The reliability, normality test, Correlation, Regression Analysis test, and test hypotheses. Based on this research, it was found that there is significant influence and strong relationship between the quality of service on customer loyalty. Keberadaan smartphone merupakan hal yang lazim untuk digunakan saat ini, sehingga semua orang harus memilikinya sebagai alat penunjang dalam mencari informasi. Fungsi smartphone yang kian beragam semakin memudahkan penggunanya dalam beraktivitas, salah satu contohnya adalah munculnya berbagai aplikasi jual-beli online. Tix Id adalah salah satu aplikasi yang mendukung pembelian tiket bioskop secara online. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas pelayanan pembelian tiket bioskop online Tix Id terhadap loyalitas pelanggan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif. Jumlah responden yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 85 orang mahasiswa/ mahasiswi Sistem Informasi Fakultas Ilmu Komputer Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta. Analisis data menggunakan Uji Validitas, Uji Reliabilitas, Uji Normalitas, Uji Korelasi, Uji Analisis Regresi, dan Uji Hipotesis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ditemukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dan hubungan yang kuat antara kualitas pelayanan pada loyalitas pelanggan.
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Sheremeta, Bozhena, Nataliya Chukhray i Oleh Karyy. "Marketing tools as the competitiveness enhancer of the Ukrainian film distribution market entities". Innovative Marketing 15, nr 4 (18.12.2019): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/im.15(4).2019.08.
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The main goal of the article is to study the features of film marketing and distribution of film products in Ukraine and to determine what kind of marketing tools are appropriate to be used within a cinema network to ensure their competitiveness in the national film distribution market.This article determines the characteristics of the movie market services and their compliance with modern consumer requirements, outlining the directions for increasing the usefulness of cinema-related services to consumers and developing a set of marketing tools to ensure the competitiveness of the cinema market.The results of the assessment of the impact of competitive forces revealed that intra-industry competition has the strongest impact on private cinema networks, the consumers of film distribution services and potential competitors have the moderate influence, the suppliers and substitute services have a low level of influence. According to the results of the survey, it can be concluded that cinemas are worth reducing the cost of tickets (this can be done by introducing the promotions and discounts for regular customers), since the solvency of a larger population does not correspond to the level of ticket prices. Also expanding the range of products will allow the consumers to spend more time in the cinema, which will lead to an increase in the value of the average check. Cinemas are quite realistic to open their own pizzerias or bars to add value to their customers.
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Alves, Teresa Costa, Flávia Rocha, Pedro Portela i Dácia Ibiapina. "Public service media and culture: music and film co-productions in Portugal and Brazil". Comunicação e Sociedade 30 (29.12.2016): 387–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.17231/comsoc.30(2016).2504.
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This article aims at analyzing the Portuguese-Brazilian co-productions in film and music, as expressions of a multicultural cross-mapping between the two countries. Starting from the idea that there is greater structural concern regarding culture in public service media, we will be looking at both Portuguese and Brazilian cultural industries and their involvement in public radio and TV. We will take into account the fact that Brazil is characterized by vibrant, broad and massive cultural, and its international distribution capacity is much deeper than the other Portuguese speaking countries. Brazil is exporting much of its music and films to Portugal, which in recent years has found a strong support by the young adult audience. The Portuguese public radio has demonstrated considerable absorptive capacity of Brazilian musical products and Portuguese public TV has grouped with Brazilian production companies and TV channels in order to co-produce films together. Does this joint venture stimulate cultural industries in music and cinema in Portugal and Brazil? Does it increase the number of cultural products that circulate between the two countries? And does it help to intensify a dialogue between them? These research questions will trigger a few clues to understand this cultural bilateral topic.
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Karki, Dhruba. "Blending Myth and Modernity in the Global Chinese Cinema: The Hong Kong Action Hero in Zhang Yimou-Directed Hero". Tribhuvan University Journal 32, nr 2 (31.12.2018): 37–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v32i2.24702.
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Zhang Yimou’s Hero presents an action hero, yet in a slightly different cinematic mode than that of Stephen Chow-directed Shaolin Soccer to blend myth and modernity. In Yimou’s martial arts cinema, Jet Li-starred Nameless hero uses martial arts to combat the king’s adversaries, including Donnie Yen-starred Long Sky, Maggie Cheung-starred Flying Snow and Tony Leung Chiu-Wai-starred Broken Sword in the service to the Qin Dynasty (221 BC – 207 BC). The warrior hero’s indigenous body art helps the Qin Dynasty transform the smaller warring kingdoms into a powerful Chinese Empire, a strong foundation of modern China with economic and military superpower. Like their western counterparts, including T1000 and Neo, the Hong Kong action heroes, such as the warrior hero and the Qin King have been refashioned in the Hollywood controlled twentieth-century popular culture. Different from their Hollywood counterparts in actions, the Hong Kong action heroes in Hero primarily use their trained bodies and martial skills to promote the Chinese civilization, an adaptation of the Hollywood tradition of technologized machine body. Reworking of myth and archetype in Nameless’s service to the Qin Dynasty and the emperor’s mission to incept the Chinese Empire, the Hong Kong action heroes appear on screen, a blend of tradition and modernity. The film industry’s projection of the Chinese history with the legendary action heroes, including Nameless soldier and the Qin King globalizes the indigenous Chinese culture by using modern electronic digital technology, a resonance of the western technological advancement.
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Pedersen, Jan. "From old tricks to Netflix: How local are interlingual subtitling norms for streamed television?" Journal of Audiovisual Translation 1, nr 1 (14.11.2018): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.47476/jat.v1i1.46.
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Like other translation norms, interlingual subtitling norms for television evolve over time, influenced by technology, mediascape development and other trends. Originating in cinema subtitling norms, TV subtitling norms began to develop at national public service broadcasters. Later, norms became international with the rise of the DVD and the proliferation of commercial TV in Europe. These days, the most influential force driving subtitling norms is arguably the global video on demand (VOD) providers. This paper investigates the subtitling guidelines of VOD giant Netflix, in search of the question: How local are interlingual subtitling norms for streamed television? The results show that there is little variation in the initial guidelines, but that they are continually becoming more varied, as they are localized using input from users.
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Idris DM, Muhammad. "Desain Sistem, Job Order Costing". Bahtera Inovasi 2, nr 2 (18.11.2019): 138–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31629/bi.v2i2.1627.
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Management accounting is a financial information processing system that is used to produce financial information for the interests of the organization's internal users. As one type of information, management accounting is a type of quantitative information that uses money as a unit of measurement, which is used to assist management in implementing company management. Management accounting is financial information which is the output produced by the type of management accounting, which is used primarily by internal users of the organization. Process costing systems are used in companies that produce one type of product in large quantities in the long run. The basic principle of the costing process is accumulating costs from certain operations or departments during a full period (monthly, quarterly, and yearly) and then dividing by the number of units produced during that period. The Job Order Costing system is also widely used in service companies. Like hospitals, legal consultant offices, cinema studios, accountant offices, ad agencies, repair shops use a system of collecting fees with job order costs for accounting and billing purposes. The problem of recording and charging costs will be more complex when the company sells various kinds of products and services.
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Vorobyeva, Maria. "Soviet policy in the sphere of humour and comedy: the case of satirical cinemagazine Fitil". European Journal of Humour Research 9, nr 1 (3.04.2021): 155–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/ejhr2021.9.1.vorobyeva.
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Satirical cinemagazine Fitil (The Fuse), one of the final products of the Thaw, the time of liberalization in both foreign and domestic policy of the Soviet Union, appeared in 1962 and was produced under the supervision of Sergei Mikhalkov, a prominent public and literary figure in the USSR. Vivid and engaging, the cinemagazine starred many famous theatre and cinema actors and soon became an important part of mainstream satire, which was aimed at reinforcing the Soviet regime by criticizing some of its flaws. The significance attached to Fitil by Soviet authorities can be illustrated by the fact that its episodes were shown before films in cinemas, that is, it was officially promoted and was seen by the mass public across the Union. Fitil was expected not only to relieve social tension, but also marked the boundaries of the permissible in public criticism and satire. The agenda of Fitil was heterogeneous and dynamic: apart from a number of permanent themes, such as bureaucracy and red tape, bad management, poor service in retail and catering, alcohol abuse, morals, and manners, there were variations in the choice of themes and subjects of satire in different periods. The changes also affected the degree of generalization, the scale of the problems discussed and characteristics of the comic itself. This article analyzes Fitil issues of 1962-1991 and outlines the cinemagazine’s agenda and its changes in time. It is shown that Fitil was a part of mainstream satire, determined by the state policy in the sphere of humour and comedy.