Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Ciment – Environnement”
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Roux, Sébastien Cornet Alain. "Évaluation des risques de biodégradation des bétons en contact avec une eau douce naturelle". Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2008. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/954/01/ROUX_Sebastien_2008.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaBresciani, Christophe. "Simulation numérique de l'hydratation et du développement des propriétés physiques et mécaniques d'une pâte de ciment afin de sélectionner de nouveaux ajouts minéraux". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005221.
Pełny tekst źródłaKamali, Siham. "Comportement et simulation des matériaux cimentaires en environnement agressifs : Lixiviation et température". Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DENS0004.
Pełny tekst źródłaRenaut, Maxime. "Calcination des déchets industriels : synthèse de ciment et stabilisation/solidification des résidus de combustion". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Artois, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ARTO0203.
Pełny tekst źródłaSince 20th century’s end, our society started to take conscience of environmental protection and sustainable development are required to our future blooming. Directives have obliged public authorities, communities, such as industry to be reacted particularly while being implied in research. The cement-manufacturers are also concerned. The process cement-manufacturer requires large quantities of raw materials. The main objective of the thesis is to value industrial by-products by cementitious materials. Context and problem of wastes were discussed, as well as the possibility of valorization such as the cements. The methodology set up for the thesis and its originality are explained. First, the protocol of characterization of mineral wastes was developed. The results in laboratory are promising for the replacement of limestone and clay in the cement’s raw meal and different formulations. The cookings in laboratory allowed obtaining a cement containing 4 phases of Portland. The synthesis in bigger quantity of a formulation in laboratory highlighted good mechanical performances on mortars at the young age. In a second stage, the best formulations were tested on an industrial scale in the ARF’s kiln. The raw meal, mixed by hoppers agitators, was a success. Finally, immobilization of pollutants in a cement matrix of the residues after combustion, resulting from secondary fuels of ARF, was studied to be able to downgrade the waste stabilized/solidified by grading reduction of the material before stabilization/solidification
Petitpain, Marjorie. "Bétons à faible impact environnemental pour l’industrie du béton : accélération du durcissement de bétons à base de liants ternaires". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10160.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis study is part of the action program of the french concrete industry; it aims finding innovative solutions of concrete with low environmental impact, which allow to get technical and economic performances at least equivalent to those of the traditional concretes. To answer this issue, the study of ternary binders, made of Portland cement CEM I, blast furnace slag and limestone addition, was realized by optimizing the means that are available in precast industry to accelerate their hardening: use of a thermal treatment, use of chemical activators and optimization of the mixture’s compactness. Thermal treatment proves to be the most powerful lever of action. The developed solutions (material and process) obtain a much better economic-environmental balance compared to a control concrete whose binder is composed of Portland cement CEM I
Poussardin, Victor. "Utilisation d'argiles et de marnes calcinées dans le développement de ciments composés". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ECDN0040.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe use of Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) as a substitute for clinker is a well-known technology that can reduce the environmental cost of cement. Among the SCMs widely used today are fly ash, blast furnace slag and glass powder. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of calcined clays as SCMs, particularly due to their high reactivity and availability.This thesis project focuses on the use of calcined clays and marlstones as supplementary cementitious materials. The main aim is to identify new materials that could be of interest for use as SCMs. To this end, a multi-scale macro/micro approach is used to study the calcination, pozzolanic reactivity and performance in cementitious systems of these new materials. It was possible to demonstrate that marlstones (despite their complex mineralogical composition) have the potential to be used as supplementary cementitious materials after calcination, even with a low proportion of clays. Subsequently, it was shown that palygorskite is a high potential clay for use as a supplementary cementitious material after calcination, and can be considered as a viable alternative to metakaolin. The extensive study of the use of calcined palygorskites as SCMs has also provided new fundamental insights into the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the calcination of this type of material
Al-Mohamadawi, Ali Abdullah Hassan. "Contribution à l'étude de l'impact de l'environnement vis-à-vis d'éco-matériaux lignocellulosiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AMIE0040.
Pełny tekst źródłaDue to their low cost, lightness and thermal properties, lignocellulosic byproducts received a particular attention, in the recent years, for manufacturing lightweight concretes. However, these byproducts are not fully compatible with the cement matrix, leading to setting delay, significant dimensional variations, and low mechanical strengths of the composites elaborated. To avoid such drawbacks, a coating process of flax shives using different substances has been adopted in this study. It leads to a reduction in treated shive water absorption compared to raw shives. The composites obtained exhibit significant improvements in hydrous behavior and mechanical strengths with moderate increase in the apparent bulk density and thermal conductivity. The phenomena of moisture transfer in the produced composites can significantly influence the durability and performance of them. In fact most of the materials used in the building area are porous, containing water as vapor or liquid. Therefore the water vapour permeability, sorption isotherms and moisture buffering capacity have been determined. The results obtained show the good hygric performance of the eco-composites elaborated. Three leaching tests have been proposed in this study to identify the chemical speciation of the materials and to evaluate their releasing into the environment. The experimental conditions of the leaching tests have been chosen to simulate different states of our composites in external environments in service or end of life. The leaching behaviour of the cement-based products elaborated differs little according to flax shive treatment and the leaching of toxic substances has not been identified
Coutand, Marie. "Étude technologique et environnementale des cendres de farines animales valorisées dans la matrice cimentaire : évaluation écotoxique des matériaux et études du piégeage des métaux". Toulouse, INSA, 2007. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000190/.
Pełny tekst źródłaAs a result of the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) crisis, the use of meat and bone meal (MBM) in applications such as animal feed was progressively restricted and prohibited in France and Europe. Considering that MBM has a good heating value, incineration in a thermal plant could be one of the most appropriate methods to eliminate this residue and should lead to the destruction of all organic matter, including proteins such as prions. MBM combustion residues contain a high amount of calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite and whitlockite), known to immobilize heavy metals in water and soil. The aim of this thesis is to study two ways for reusing MBM ashes, and to develop a method for the evaluation of environmental impacts, using leaching and ecotoxicity tests. First, this study consists in a physicochemical and environmental characterization of MBM ashes of different origins. Then, two reusing strategies are explored : 1) The reuse of MBM ashes as by-products in cement-based materials, by the means of the study of technological and environmental impacts of these ashes on the properties of the cement matrix. 2) The use of MBM ashes as a material used to remove lead and cadmium, with an application in cement-based materials. The characterization shows that ashes are mainly composed of hydroxyapatite and whitlockite. The reuse of bottom ashes as sand replacement in cement-based materials is conceivable if the high water consumption of ashes is taken into account. Finally, MBM ashes show an efficient immobilization of heavy metal in aqueous effluent. The immobilization capacities depend on the physicochemical characteristics of ashes and on the environmental conditions of tests
Bresciani, Christophe. "Transcrire en toutes lettres les symboles spéciaux : simulation numérique de l'hydratation et du développement des propriétés physiques et mécaniques d'une pâte de ciment afin de sélectionner de nouveaux ajouts minéraux". Paris, ENMP, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ENMP1605.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe desire to preserve the environment is becoming more and more important in our societies. The setting up of the search for the so-called sustainable development reflects this commitment. To follow this way of sustainable development, governments are putting the industries under an ever-increasing pressure to reduce the various pollutions they generate. In the case of the cement industry, CO2 emissions and consumption of raw materials are mainly referred to reduce its environmental impact. The development of cement with mineral additions, mostly spawned from industrial processes, is a way of reducing the amount of clinker in Portland cement and therefore decreasing emissions. Such cements already exist and use industrial by-products such as blast furnace slag, silica fume or fly ash. Moreover, these cements with additions are interesting because they have specific properties, very different from CEM I type Portland cements. This last point of the specific properties of cement with additions associated with the increasing pressure of sustainable development constitutes the basement on which is built the thesis. Our work aims at developing a methodology for development of cement with mineral additions. Such a methodology would allow cement manufacturers to develop new products while walking the line of sustainable development by promoting by-products of other industries. The originality of our methodology rely on maximum use of numerical tools and simulation as a replacement of experimental works that are the main part of studies that aim at developing such cements. The main interests of our approach are cost and time reductions for cement development. Development times can be very long when they include durability studies. The work done for the thesis has first consisted in giving the methodology a functional realty. This methodology is split in three successive steps for testing the relevance of an industrial by-product as a potential addition in cement. To do this, three softwares were selected : • CHESS, a geochemical computing code, used for the first step, • VCCTL, cement paste microstructure generating code, used for the second step, • HYTEC, reactive transport simulation code, used for the third step. We had to adapt those softwares to their use in the field of the methodology in order to establish a synergy of operation between them. This adaptation has led us to perform a significant modification of the VCCTL source code in order to expand its capacity to take into account unknown additions. The work has then focused on the practical validation of the methodology by its confrontation with the results of experimental studies. This practical validation was initially focused on an OPC and then on blends of OPC with either blast furnace slag or fly ash circulating fluidized bed (CVLFC). The results achieved confirm the interest of the approach but they are also letting foresee the current limitations mostly linked to the numerical tools
Breilly, Damien. "Synthèse d'adjuvant pour l'industrie du béton via la fonctionnalisation de lignines industrielles et la conception de nouveaux polymères biosourcés". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AGPT0010.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe concrete industry is one of the most important, but also the most polluting industries of the 21st century due to the cement manufacturing. Many solutions exist in order to reduce its environmental impact, unfortunately they result in a significant drop of the properties of concrete in terms of fluidity, workability during time and mechanical resistance. The use of organic adjuvants allows recovering these properties, but these are petro-sourced and their synthesis is not currently sustainable. Here in, we have proposed prospects for replacing the petrochemical superplasticizers by biosourced (macro)molecules.These (macro)molecules must, at the same time, adsorb themselves on the cement but also possess a repulsive effect leading to the lowering of the critical stresses of the cement paste for the same quantity of water. To reach these performances, we presented here two strategies: (1) the chemical and enzymatic modification of an industrial lignin (i.e., sodium lignosulfonate), as well as (2) chemo-enzymatic synthesis routes for new bio-sourced monomers from vanillin, as well as their polymerization by the ADMET route, making it possible to obtain post-functionalizable polymers.The macromolecules resulting from these two strategies were then tested on cement slurry to determine their adsorption property as well as their fluidizing power. Although a non-negligible effect of these molecules on the rheology has been demonstrated, the preliminary results have not revealed properties comparable to those of the currently used superplasticizers. Nevertheless, the great flexibility of the developed synthetic routes and the structural design of the monomers should allow to modulate the properties of these new macromolecules, thus opening the way to future developments of adjuvants
Elkhaldi, Imane. "Effets de la composition des liants bas carbone sur l'hydratation et la durabilité des bétons : vers un indicateur de performance en lien avec l'empreinte carbone". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ECDN0007.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe use of low-carbon concrete has now become a necessity leading to changes inthe standards governing concrete (EN 206) and cement (EN 197). The use of so-called “lowcarbon” cements is therefore made possible(CEM II/C-M and CEM VI). The work presented focuses on the evolution of the microstructure,mechanical strength and durability of low-carboncement-based concretes, in particular clinkerslag-limestone ternary mixtures (K-S-LL). An indicator is proposed to characterize the carbon footprint of concrete and its durability with respect to corrosion induced by carbonation.The results of this work demonstrate the important role of the reactive additions inreducing the carbon cost of the binders while maintaining good mechanical properties. Amodel allowing the prediction of the service life of the coating as a function of the properties of the cement materials is adapted to our problem.Concretes based on ternary cements have advantageous CO2/ddv ratios associated with a high corrosion propagation time compared with concretes based on portland cement. However,consideration of the carbonation effect on electrical resistivity influences the observed trends
Moula, Soufien. "Comportement à court et long termes des bétons à ultra-hautes performances (BUHP) à base de laitiers des hauts fourneaux". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ORLE1019.
Pełny tekst źródłaUltra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) is a relatively new type of cement-based composite with exceptional mechanical and durability properties. This work explores the possibility of developing a more sustainable UHPC with a high level of cement replacement (up to 50%) by ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and low silica fume (SF) content. In this study, cement is replaced by slag at 30% and 50% by volume. Slags of two different finenesses are used, with Blaine finenesses of 420 m²/kg (SL1) and 700 m²/kg (SL2), respectively, at a constant water-to-binder ratio (w/b) of 0.16 for all mixes. The effects of slag fineness and dosage on the early-age and long-term behaviour of UHPC are investigated.Experimental results show that it is indeed possible to produce SL2-based UHPCs with a behaviour similar to that of conventional silica fume-based materials. Partial replacement of cement with low slag content (30%) reduces the need for superplasticizer (SP), promotes the hydration process and accelerates setting. With high SL1 content (50%), the SP content increases, resulting in a delay in the hydration reaction and setting. However, the workability of the UHPC containing 50% of SL2 was significantly improved. An acceleration effect was therefore observed. The SL2-based mixes (at 30% replacement level) show the highest autogenous shrinkage. Compressive strength measurements indicate that a 30% SL1 content slightly improves the compressive strength of the concrete at 28 days. Due to its relatively high reactivity, SL2 increases the compressive strength at 3 days at a low level. The compressive strength of the mix containing 50% of SL2 was close to that of the reference concrete after 28 days of hydration. The results also show that all the UHPCs tested have a splitting tensile strength greater than 6 MPa at 28 days. The microstructure characterization showed that all the mixes analysed have an ultra-dense microstructure with reduced porosity. The effect of slag was more pronounced at 30% and 50% of SL2 replacement and with the presence of SF particles. In this case, the porosity of these concretes was extremely reduced and the overall pore network became finer, reducing their transfer properties. In the long term, all mixes show superior durability as their matrices are almost impermeable to carbon dioxide and chloride.From an environmental point of view, the partial replacement of cement with GGBS reduces the environmental impact of UHPC. For 1 m3 of UHPC, the incorporation of 50% of superfine slag (SL2) reduces CO2 emissions by about 41%, making SL2-50SF more sustainable than the SF-based reference concrete. However, this high SL2 content increases the production cost by 15%, compared to the reference mix
Petitpain, Marjorie. "Bétons à faible impact environnemental pour l’industrie du béton : accélération du durcissement de bétons à base de liants ternaires". Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10160/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis study is part of the action program of the french concrete industry; it aims finding innovative solutions of concrete with low environmental impact, which allow to get technical and economic performances at least equivalent to those of the traditional concretes. To answer this issue, the study of ternary binders, made of Portland cement CEM I, blast furnace slag and limestone addition, was realized by optimizing the means that are available in precast industry to accelerate their hardening: use of a thermal treatment, use of chemical activators and optimization of the mixture’s compactness. Thermal treatment proves to be the most powerful lever of action. The developed solutions (material and process) obtain a much better economic-environmental balance compared to a control concrete whose binder is composed of Portland cement CEM I
Soaita, Cosmin-Ioan. "Contraintes environnementales et stratégies des firmes : une application au CO2 dans l'industrie du ciment". Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010007.
Pełny tekst źródłaBouregaya, Souad. "Synthèse d'un ciment alitique à moindre impact environnemental à partir de vase de barrage et utilisant le sulfate de zinc comme minéralisateur". Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAT0026/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe objective of this study is the synthesis of a cement rich in reactive phases, obtained by burning, at a temperature lower than or equal to 1300 °C, a raw material composed of sludge from a dam with a complement of lime, and using zinc sulphate as a mineralizer. This study gives the mineralogical, physical and mechanical characteristics and properties of the synthesized cement. Qualitative and quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis was used to characterize the raw materials and the minerals of the cement. The evolution of its hardening was monitored and quantified by isothermal calorimetry, DTG, X-ray diffraction and mechanical compression tests on pure paste samples. The strengths obtained at 7 and 28 days make it possible to aim at a CEM II 32.5 N classification
Bach, Si Quoc. "Développement, caractérisation et modélisation de bétons de poudres réactives à impact environnemental réduit". Nantes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NANT2093.
Pełny tekst źródłaRenaut, Maxime. "Calcination des déchets industriels : synthèse de ciment et stabilisation/solidification des résidus de combustion". Thesis, Artois, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ARTO0203/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaSince 20th century’s end, our society started to take conscience of environmental protection and sustainable development are required to our future blooming. Directives have obliged public authorities, communities, such as industry to be reacted particularly while being implied in research. The cement-manufacturers are also concerned. The process cement-manufacturer requires large quantities of raw materials. The main objective of the thesis is to value industrial by-products by cementitious materials. Context and problem of wastes were discussed, as well as the possibility of valorization such as the cements. The methodology set up for the thesis and its originality are explained. First, the protocol of characterization of mineral wastes was developed. The results in laboratory are promising for the replacement of limestone and clay in the cement’s raw meal and different formulations. The cookings in laboratory allowed obtaining a cement containing 4 phases of Portland. The synthesis in bigger quantity of a formulation in laboratory highlighted good mechanical performances on mortars at the young age. In a second stage, the best formulations were tested on an industrial scale in the ARF’s kiln. The raw meal, mixed by hoppers agitators, was a success. Finally, immobilization of pollutants in a cement matrix of the residues after combustion, resulting from secondary fuels of ARF, was studied to be able to downgrade the waste stabilized/solidified by grading reduction of the material before stabilization/solidification
Michel, Laura. "Les industriels, l'environnement et la négociation de l'action publique : Le cas de l'activité cimentière". Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON10041.
Pełny tekst źródłaAl-Mohamadawi, Ali Abdullah Hassan. "Contribution à l'étude de l'impact de l'environnement vis-à-vis d'éco-matériaux lignocellulosiques". Thesis, Amiens, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AMIE0040/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaDue to their low cost, lightness and thermal properties, lignocellulosic byproducts received a particular attention, in the recent years, for manufacturing lightweight concretes. However, these byproducts are not fully compatible with the cement matrix, leading to setting delay, significant dimensional variations, and low mechanical strengths of the composites elaborated. To avoid such drawbacks, a coating process of flax shives using different substances has been adopted in this study. It leads to a reduction in treated shive water absorption compared to raw shives. The composites obtained exhibit significant improvements in hydrous behavior and mechanical strengths with moderate increase in the apparent bulk density and thermal conductivity. The phenomena of moisture transfer in the produced composites can significantly influence the durability and performance of them. In fact most of the materials used in the building area are porous, containing water as vapor or liquid. Therefore the water vapour permeability, sorption isotherms and moisture buffering capacity have been determined. The results obtained show the good hygric performance of the eco-composites elaborated. Three leaching tests have been proposed in this study to identify the chemical speciation of the materials and to evaluate their releasing into the environment. The experimental conditions of the leaching tests have been chosen to simulate different states of our composites in external environments in service or end of life. The leaching behaviour of the cement-based products elaborated differs little according to flax shive treatment and the leaching of toxic substances has not been identified
Lesieur, Vincent. "Invasion de la punaise américaine Leptoglossus occidentalis en Europe : une contribution à la compréhension des invasions fulgurantes". Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE2045/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaDuring the last decades, biological invasions were observed to increase exponentially, at an unprecedented rate and magnitude, in direct relation with the human activities, especially globalization. In this context, some invasive species spread very quickly in the area of introduction. The European invasion of Leptoglossus occidentalis is a good example of this phenomenon. This study aimed at testing some hypotheses to explain the rapidity of this invasion. To reach this goal, we used a multidisciplinary approach combining population genetics (analyzing samples from native and invaded areas) with a study of biological and ecological characteristics of the invasive populations. Through the use of molecular markers and Bayesian methods (ABC), we confirmed previous suspicions and demonstrated that the European invasion proceeded from multiple introductions in distant geographic areas. Our results also indicated that a primarily invaded area of Eastern North America acted as a bridgehead for the invasion in Europe. Moreover, population genetics, combined with an experimental measurement of the bug flight capabilities using flight mills, revealed that the intrinsic capacities of dispersion of this species are particularly high. The environmental conditions of the newly invaded areas in Europe did not constitute a barrier to the invasion of L. occidentalis. Its high degree of polyphagy was confirmed on European conifers, quite all species being susceptible to be exploited, thus favoring population establishment. . Furthermore, this study highlights the ecological threat represented by this insect which can affect the native flora in Europe. Actually, bug damage which can be important, seems to be additive to those of native insects exploiting cone and seed resources, thus decreasing the potential of natural regeneration. This work contributes to improve knowledge on biological invasions, especially to understand the reasons underlying the rapid spread observed in some invasive species, and highlights phenomenon underestimated until recently such as the Bridgehead scenario