Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Church structures”
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Szabó, Bálint, Imola N. Kirizsá i László Vass. "Analytical and Numerical Approach to the Romanian Medieval Church Structures". Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (październik 2010): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.355.
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Whenever interventions on medieval churches are necessary, they must be approached as a whole, based on a numerical analysis of the load-bearing structure, especially if exceptional actions, like seismic ones, are present. Numerical analysis results can be successfully used in the assessment of quantitative elements for timber load-bearing structures. Nonetheless, masonry load-bearing subunits are more difficult to design and assess, results of the calculations made in case of elastic behaviour of the masonry structure being valid only until the first cracks. Numerical analysis can indicate, from a qualitative viewpoint, the behaviour of load-bearing structures of church buildings.. This paper presents the modelling principles of various types of load-bearing structural units belonging to medieval churches, which are subjected to dead loads and non-gravity actions, including Lutheran Church in Bistrita, Reformed Church in Aiud, Lutheran Church in Drauseni. , drafted within the Built Heritage Conservation Research and Design Centre – Utilitas, Cluj-Napoca City. It applies to three case studies, displaying their structural behaviour and contributing to the selection of appropriate strengthening methods
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Lösel, Steffen. "Guidance from the gaps: the Holy Spirit, ecclesial authority, and the principle of juxtaposition". Scottish Journal of Theology 59, nr 2 (maj 2006): 140–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0036930606002134.
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Recent ecumenical dialogues have focused on the question of ecclesiastical offices. At the heart of this debate lies the question of how to relate the Holy Spirit's guidance of the church to its structures. Two alternative visions frame the debate. The Roman Catholic Church insists on the authority of the church's teaching office, as the channel through which the Holy Spirit guides the church. In contrast, Protestant churches emphasize the self-sufficiency of scripture, the normative function of the Gospel vis-à-vis the church, and the freedom of the Holy Spirit in, with, and over against all ecclesiastical structures. My essay engages this ecumenical debate through fundamental ecclesiological reflections on the relation between the Holy Spirit on the one hand, and the scriptural witness and ecclesial authority on the other. I argue that no ecclesial structure must be identified undialectically with the voice of the Holy Spirit, but that the church must discern the guidance of the Spirit in the context of the Christian assembly, as it emerges ever anew from the “gaps” left open in the assembly's juxtapositions of texts, bath, and shared meal. In order to develop my thesis, I first retrieve Karl Barth's christological foundation of ecclesiology, his definition of divine freedom over against the church, and his introduction of scripture as the critical principle for the church's permanently needed self-reform. Second, I discuss Walter Kasper's insistence on the incarnational and sacramental nature of the church and his threefold understanding of the church's apostolicity in terms of succession, tradition, and communion. Finally, I develop Gordon Lathrop's reading of the Christian assembly of worship in terms of liturgical juxtapositions for my ecclesiastical purposes.
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Babins’kyi, A. "Pluralism of ethnic identities as a factor in the formation of parallel Orthodox hierarchical structures in Ukraine". Ukrainian Religious Studies, nr 50 (10.03.2009): 229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2009.50.2057.
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Eucharistic ecclesiology (in its universal dimension), which underlies Orthodox ecclesiology, has at its core a communion between the Local Churches. In practice, it manifests itself in the mutual recognition between the various autocephalous and autonomous Churches. The head of a separate Church of the Universal Orthodoxy during the Liturgy commemorates all the leaders of other self-governing Orthodox Churches. Communion through the sacraments also happens between the Churches, namely, unity is manifested through communion in the Eucharist. The teachings of the early Christian author, Ignatius Theophoros, Bishop of Antioch, formed the basis of the local structure of the Church. The main principle of his theology is the unity of all the faithful of a certain territory around his bishop, that is, the common communion of all Christians in the Eucharist, which only the bishop of that territory is entitled to fulfill. The bishop, in turn, is a member of the "universal bishopric" and through it the local church is part of the one universal Church.
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Avis, Paul. "Polity and Polemics: The Function of Ecclesiastical Polity in Theology and Practice". Ecclesiastical Law Journal 18, nr 1 (10.12.2015): 2–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x15000800.
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This article affirms the importance of ecclesiastical polity as a theological–juridical discipline and explores its connection to ecclesiology and church law. It argues that the Anglican Communion, though not itself a church, nevertheless has a lightly structured ecclesiastical polity of its own, mainly embodied in the Instruments of Communion. It warns against short-term, pragmatic tinkering with Church structures, while recognising the need for structural reform from time to time to bring the outward shape of the Church into closer conformity to the nature and mission of the Church of Christ. In discussing Richard Hooker's contention that the Church is a political society, as well as a mystical body, it distinguishes the societal character of Anglican churches from the traditional Roman Catholic conception of the Church as a societas perfecta. In the tradition of Hooker, the role of political philosophy in the articulation of ecclesiology and polity is affirmed as a particular outworking of the theological relationship between nature and grace. The resulting method points to an interdisciplinary project in which ecclesiology, polity and church law, informed by the insights of political philosophy, serve the graced life of the Church in its worship, service and mission.
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John Ekwenye, Evans Mong’are Ooga;. "Current Established Structures That Run SDA Church Programs in Nakuru East and West Sub-Counties". Editon Consortium Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Studies 1, nr 1 (30.04.2019): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.51317/ecjahss.v1i1.75.
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Spiritual growth and development of the Seventh-day Adventist church are significant in its life. It is important that the church fulfils its mandate of reaching people with the gospel and retain those who have already believed. While there is generally a growth in membership in the Adventist church in Africa, this is not the case in the Seventh-day Adventist churches in East and West Sub-counties in Nakuru County, Kenya. This study examined the currently established structures that run SDA church programs in Nakuru East and West Sub-counties. The researcher employed descriptive research designs with both qualitative and quantitative research methods. The results indicated that believers indeed had spiritual challenges that hindered the church from growing. It was found out that with commitment and education in the word of God members have the potential to reach the masses with the word of God. The findings from the study indicate that the Sabbath school and afternoon programs were poorly attended. It was also observed that family life becomes very repulsive because it touched on the personal lives of Members. It has been observed that though structures are in place, there is difficulty in fulfilling the programs on time. The leaders of the churches in this locality will need to work together with the laity in addressing the spiritual challenges. When they work together results be a religious people and a church ready to fulfil God's mission. The spiritual leaders need to take a front lead. In addition, departmental leaders in the church should design spiritual programs that are vibrant and that are inclusive encourage the participation of all members.
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Stanfield-Mazzi, Maya. "Weaving and Tailoring the Andean Church: Textile Ornaments and Their Makers in Colonial Peru". Americas 72, nr 1 (styczeń 2015): 77–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tam.2014.6.
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The first Christian churches were built in the Andes soon after Spaniards arrived. Initially simple structures, they were later remodeled into large stone monuments. Aside from their architectural construction, the furnishing and decoration of these churches was an ongoing project that involved many participants, often under the watchful eye of a parish priest. Art historians have uncovered fascinating cases in which native artists exercised agency in creating works to be displayed in church interiors, many of which expressed Andean as well as Christian beliefs. This scholarship has focused primarily on the art forms of painting and sculpture, which were very visible within the church, especially in cases such as the baptism murals discussed by Ananda Cohen Suarez in this issue. An underappreciated yet equally notable aspect of church decoration was textiles. Throughout the colonial period churches were abundantly adorned with “church clothing,” textile ornaments meant to cover floors, walls, and altars as well as clothe church functionaries and religious statuary. The purchase and maintenance of church textiles consumed the lion's share of annual church budgets.
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Kudrnáčová, Lucie, i Lukáš Balík. "The Church Microclimate Monitoring". Key Engineering Materials 776 (sierpień 2018): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.776.177.
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The article is dealing with church microclimate monitoring and describing microclimatic changes within the period of one year. With regards to the assumed purpose of the measurement, i.e. protection of building structures and artworks in the church interior, the main attention was paid to water vapours condensation on the surface of structures and changes of humidity by mass. Analysed auxiliary parameters were temperature, relative humidity and dew point. Attention was also paid to the analysis of humidity distribution in relation to various height levels of the church. Simulation of probable behaviour of internal microclimate of the church during the year cycles was created by measurement, serving for description of risk factors reducing life of historical structures and also allowing for proposal of improvement of the current condition by an intervention in the environment.
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Kangwa, Jonathan. "Resilience and Equality in the Household of God: Peggy Mulambya Kabonde’s Search for Justice". Expository Times 131, nr 8 (15.10.2019): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0014524619883180.
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The World Council of Churches (WCC) commemorated its 70th anniversary in 2018. Over the years, the WCC has engaged with issues that affect women in the Church and society. It has challenged patriarchy in Church structures; calling for justice, partnership in mission and the ordination of women. The WCC initiated a decade of Churches in solidarity with women (1988 to 1998) to promote the visibility of women in the Church. Using storytelling as a heuristic tool and in the spirit of the WCC’s decade of Churches in solidarity with women, the present paper documents the life and work of the Rev. Dr. Peggy Mulambya Kabonde of the United Church of Zambia (UCZ). Firstly, a brief narrative of her life and work is presented. Secondly, her work and experience in the Church is analyzed in order to engage with the issues affecting women in ordained ministry in Africa and other parts of the world. The paper concludes by proposing a model of ecclesiology that embraces inclusivity and the equality of men and women in the Church.
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Blasi, Anthony J. "Role Structures in the Early Hellenistic Church". Sociological Analysis 47, nr 3 (1986): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3711377.
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Podmore, Colin. "A Tale of Two Churches: The Ecclesiologies of The Episcopal Church and the Church of England Compared". Ecclesiastical Law Journal 10, nr 1 (3.12.2007): 34–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x08000896.
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AbstractThis article compares key aspects of the ecclesiologies of The Episcopal Church and the Church of England. First, it examines and contrasts the underlying logic of their structures and the relationships between their constituent parts (General Synod/General Convention, diocese, parish/congregation). Against this background, it then looks at the place of bishops in the ecclesiologies of the two churches (in relation to clergy and parishes, in relation to diocesan synods/conventions and standing committees, and nationally). The American Presiding Bishop's role is contrasted with the traditional roles of primate and metropolitan. Throughout, attention is given to origins and historical development. Reference is also made to the relevant constitutional, canonical and liturgical provisions. Rapprochement between the two ecclesiologies is noted, especially with respect to the role of the laity, but the article argues that this is far from complete. Each church's ecclesiology continues to be determined by its origins; important modifications have been made within that framework, rather than overturning it. It is hoped that the analysis will illuminate the current disputes within The Episcopal Church and the crisis within the Anglican Communion that they have prompted.
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Painter-Morland, M. "Dealing with difference and dissensus within the church as organisation". Verbum et Ecclesia 22, nr 1 (11.08.2001): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v22i1.627.
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This paper wants to propose a way of dealing with the reality of difference within churches that allows for unity amidst diversity. It argues for the adoption of institutional frameworks that function as guiding and unifying forces without becoming repressing, totalising structures. The presence of dissensus and difference does not necessarily have to result in the fragmentation of churches. In fact, when harnessed effectively, difference and dissensus can become a valuable resource for renewal and realignment within churches. The paper develops a framework for dealing with diversity that binds people to the church as organisation in a way that respects their individual value-configurations and input. In the first place, it argues for a holistic view of the relationship between bodiliness, nature, technology, language, and truth statements. In the second place, it insists that confessional, spiritual and moral guidelines should neither be totalising structures that repress difference, nor oppositional differences that exclude commonality. In the third place, it argues that ongoing connectedness between individual members of the church is necessary. Individuals must see themselves as part of an everchanging, ever-evolving web of relations. Guidelines for dialogue within the church therefore become essential.
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Paas, Stefan, i Marry Schoemaker. "Crisis and Resilience among Church Planters in Europe". Mission Studies 35, nr 3 (18.10.2018): 366–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15733831-12341590.
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Abstract Church planting – the creation of new Christian communities for missionary reasons – is becoming increasingly accepted among the larger churches and denominations in Europe. As church plants in the secular parts of Europe are usually under-resourced, and remain small, the normalization of this entrepreneurial approach of church and mission raises the question of its sustainability. Part of the answer to this question lies in the resilience of church planters; that is, those who lead these enterprises. In this paper we present the results of a qualitative study of European church planters, with a view to their coping with what often appears to be a mixture of high expectations, unclear structures, and a difficult “market.” This research shows the particular nature of crises in the life of a church planter, while identifying sources of resilience. Its results are relevant both for the assessment of church planting projects, and for the training and coaching of church planters.
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Howe, Daniel, i Ron J. Cox. "UPGRADING BREAKWATERS IN RESPONSE TO SEA LEVEL RISE: PRACTICAL INSIGHTS FROM PHYSICAL MODELLING". Coastal Engineering Proceedings, nr 36 (30.12.2018): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.structures.35.
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Coastal structures in many parts of the world are typically designed for depth-limited breaking wave conditions. With a projected sea level rise of up to 90 cm by 2100 (Church et al., 2013), the design wave height for these structures is expected to increase. Many of these structures will require significant armour upgrades to accommodate these new design conditions (for example, a 25% increase in wave height will require the mass of similar density armour to be doubled).
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Swatos, William H. "The function of ‘Church’ in the sociology of religion in America". Social Compass 59, nr 4 (grudzień 2012): 515–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037768612460803.
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In large part, Max Weber’s essay ‘Church and sect in America’ was intended as a contrast between European and American societies at the turn of the 20th century. This could be pushed so far as to say that in fact the essay was not about religions at all but rather about the relationship between an old-order class system and a new-order class system in which sectarian religion provided a conduit to validate worldly success (i.e. the Protestant ethic), which directly contrasted with the institutional ‘style’ of the established churches of Europe, into whose membership one was born and through whose structures (e.g. church schools, including the universities) one’s social position was established. ‘Church,’ then, is in some respects a residual category for Weber, more of a background that would enable him to foreground what he saw as a new basis for ordering class/status within the new world. Over time, denominationalism in America hybridized churchly and sectarian elements to create a new socio-religious dynamic by which a central core of ‘nonsectarian’ religious affirmations created a variant mode of religious participation in which multiple religious options served functions historically associated with national churches in Europe. Postmodern globalization, however, has created new opportunities and challenges as institutionalized religions reach beyond historic geopolitical borders.
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Kuklík, Pavel, Evi Susanti i Martin V. Valek. "Degradation of Foundations and Foundation’s Structures Achilles’ Heel of the All Saints Church from the Broumov Group". Key Engineering Materials 776 (sierpień 2018): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.776.207.
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The paper shows numerical investigation of decay and damage appearing in the All Saints church, which was selected from the Broumov group of churches. The study has been started off by summary of findings from preliminary historical, geotechnical background studies. Several conclusions of possible sources of decay and damage of the church were made. The most important sources include presence of moisture and possible differential soil settlement as a result of uneven deterioration of subsoil. In order to investigate the extent of damage series of FEM modeling was employed.
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Slaughter, Ingrid. "The Dioceses, Pastoral and Mission Measure 2007". Ecclesiastical Law Journal 11, nr 1 (16.09.2008): 4–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x08001609.
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The Dioceses, Pastoral and Mission Measure 2007 is the longest and widest-ranging piece of legislation to come before the General Synod since the early 1980s. Like the recommendations of the Review Group under Professor Peter Toyne, to which it gives effect, the Measure focuses on the twin themes of mission and ministry. The Review Group's remit was ‘to ensure flexible and cost effective procedures which fully meet changing pastoral and mission needs’, and the Measure extends to areas of the life and legislation of the Church of England as diverse as the Church's provincial and diocesan structure, the delegation of episcopal functions, diocesan administration, and the processes for making changes to local church organisation and closing churches for regular public worship. The Measure also establishes a single central Church source of information and advice on church buildings. Finally, it provides a very practical example of the concept of a ‘mixed-economy church’ by laying down the legal framework for the new bishops' mission orders, which are intended to provide endorsement, supervision and support for a wide and growing variety of new mission initiatives, but without undermining the traditional parochial structures. The article sets out to provide an overview of the legislation, and to highlight the provisions that are likely to be of particular importance in practice or of particular interest for the study of ecclesiastical law.
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Roberts, Richard John. "Networked Church". Pneuma 42, nr 1 (16.04.2020): 68–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700747-04201002.
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Abstract This article explores some of the recent deliberations concerning the nature of networked church. According to earlier sociological theory, the usual trajectory for newly formed churches (and religious movements) is that they become denominations, particularly in the context of the transition to second-generation leadership. Recent history suggests that this is not an inevitable trajectory, as many churches founded in the middle of the twentieth century continue to exist in the form of networks. Theological and sociological factors are relevant to the question of whether these churches will eventually become denominations. This article summarizes different attempts to understand the nature of networks and suggests that it is possible to conceptualize a continuum from loose networks to highly centralized ecclesial bodies. This continuum indicates possible transitions from one type of structure to another, but such transitions are not inevitable, and network structures may prove to be enduring.
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Polak, Mieczysław Kazimierz. "Shaping the Spirituality of Communion in Church Communities". Verbum Vitae 37, nr 2 (26.06.2020): 285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vv.5447.
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The activity of the Church results from its identity, and one constitutive element of this identity is the dimension of community. It is expressed, above all, by shaping the spirituality of communion in church communities. This spirituality has its foundations in the communion character of the presbyter's pastoral ministry and refers to the gospel commandment of love. It is shaped by Christian prayer centered on the Eucharist. The spirituality of communion built upon such foundations should permeate church community structures, which are made up, first and foremost, by parishes. On their own, parishes are not able to pass on the experience of church communion. Only by being infused with the spirituality of communion can they become spaces for experiencing the community dimension of the Church's life.
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Wojciechowski, Grzegorz. "LA TUTELA SOBRE LOS CATÓLICOS ORIENTALES EN LOS TERRITORIOS DE LA IGLESIA LATINA". Review of European and Comparative Law 2627, nr 34 (31.12.2016): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/recl.4984.
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Outside their own territories, the Eastern Catholic Churches adopt a variety of pastoral structures, such as eparchies or exarchates. Moreover, there are also parishes that bring together the followers of various Eastern Churches which donot reside within the given territory. The priests of Eastern Churches who exercisepastoral care over the followers, oftentimes participate and serve in the structures of the Latin Church as well. In order to be able to do so, they must have beengranted bi-ritual faculties from Rome, the Holy See.
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Crafford, D. "Ekumeniese wêrelddiakonaat en wat ons daaruit kan leer". Verbum et Ecclesia 8, nr 2 (18.07.1987): 142–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v8i2.970.
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Ecumenical word-wide diaconia and the lessons we can learn from it Since 1948 the involvement of churches in ecumenical diaconia has become one of the most significant trends of modern church history. The most important agent of protestant Christianity in this field is the Commission of Inter-Church Aid, Refugee and World Service of the World Council of Churches (CICARWS). A brief look at the history of CICARWS shows that a shift of emphasis took place from charity to justice, from individual to community and from development to revolutionary changes of social, political and economic structures.
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Silapacharanan, Siriwan. "Conservation of Saint Paul Church, Thailand". Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies 2, nr 8 (23.10.2017): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v2i8.52.
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There are very few Catholic churches in Thailand that conserve wooden structures. The first church of St. Paul was made of bamboo and the other timber on the Bang Pakong River. In 1873, Father Schmidt Francois-Joseph built the third one with concrete including wooden structures such as priest quarters, a bell tower, a rest pavilion, a granary, a school building, all of which were designed by French priests in colonial architecture and constructed by Chinese workers. As present, these buildings have been deteriorating. However, their conservation plans have been launched, recently.Keywords: conservation; Catholic Church; colonial architecture; timbereISSN 2398-4295 © 2017 The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, UniversitiTeknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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Shevtsova, Galyna. "VOLUME STRUCTURE OF UKRAINIAN WOODEN CHURCH’S LOG-TOWERS: WORLD ANALOGIES AND AUTHENTIC". Current problems of architecture and urban planning, nr 59 (1.03.2021): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2021.59.152-160.
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The article conducts a comparative study between volume-structures of world’s wooden religious buildings’ roofing and different types of Ukrainian wooden church’s log-towers’ volume-structures. As the examples for this comparative study are analyzed the volume structures of Eastern and Western territories of the world including vertically developed roofing of beam-pillar, rafter and log-timber construction as well. The main topics of the investigation are different structures of pagodas and Buddhist temples, vertically developed rafter roofing of Scandinavian and Eastern European Christian churches as well as numerous vertical log-structures of Eastern European and Caucasus churches. All named above examples are consequently compared with determined five basic types of Ukrainian wooden church’s log-towers volume structures (as lateral trapeze or cylindrical elevated roofing, pyramidal roofing, so-called “zalom” tiered roofing, octagon-on-square roofing and “zalom” and octagon-on-square composite roofing). As a result, none of the considered world examples shows complete analogies to the whole spectrum of volume structures of Ukrainian wooden churches’ roofing. In particular, log-towers with so-called “zalom” type tiered volume structure are unique. Analogies to the most archaic volume and constructive types of log roofing of the Ukrainian wooden church (lateral trapeze or cylindrical elevated roofing, pyramidal and octagon-on-square roofing) are present in the wooden sacral architecture of neighboring territories: Carpathian region, Transcaucasian region and Russia. This conclusion proves the long-standing entire history of sacral wooden architecture formation of this region from one hand and independence of further development of the phenomenon of the Ukrainian wooden church from the other.
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Flett, John G. "Communion as propaganda: Reinhard Hütter and the missionary witness of the ‘ChurchasPublic’". Scottish Journal of Theology 62, nr 4 (2.10.2009): 457–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0036930609990111.
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AbstractThe Protestant church, for Reinhard Hütter, relinquished its ecclesial public character when it turned from ‘binding doctrine’ as the means for establishing and maintaining its concrete ‘time-space’. Christendom disguised this basic theological flaw, but with its collapse the public basis of the Protestant church fell away. This reduced the church's witness and destroyed its communal structure. His positive proposal re-establishes the church as a public by reference to the communion nature of God, and to church practices as mediate forms of the Spirit's acting. Hütter's account shadows an argument made fifty years before by Johannes C. Hoekendijk, observing an intensified focus on word and sacrament and the promotion of a culture as a solution to the problem of the church's witness. Yet, for Hoekendijk, this logic exemplifies the problem. The institutions of the church come to bear the full evangelistic load. Mission replicates the basic structures of a particular way of life as a necessary precursor to the gospel. The act of witness becomes propaganda because of an insufficient doctrine of the church. This insufficiency is a failing in the doctrine of the Trinity: God's own life is defined without sufficient attention to his act of reconciliation and redemption as itself material to understanding the nature of hisin selife.
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Maldari, Donald C. "A Reconsideration of the Ministries of the Sacrament of Holy Orders". Horizons 34, nr 2 (2007): 238–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0360966900004424.
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ABSTRACTThe purpose of the ministerial structures of the Church is to establish a context by which Christians continue and complete Christ's ministry. Ordained ministers ought to facilitate this in such a way as to collaborate effectively with God in the establishment of the Kingdom. A consideration of the Church's tradition, beginning with Scripture and continuing in its life of faith, suggests that no single form of ministry is normative. The ordination of Christians who make a long-term commitment to what the Church may legitimately recognize as ministry would enhance the Church's life and celebrate the sacramental character of that ministry. Consonant with Gaudium et spes the Church should abandon the distinction between secular and sacred ministry and recognize the sacramental character of ministry wherever it is practiced. Sacramental ordination to ministry is the specification and concretization of Christians' baptismal commitment.
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Juan Miguel Espinoza Portocarrero. "The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Peruvian Catholic Church:". Lumen et Vita 11, nr 1 (27.12.2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/lv.v11i1.13067.
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This paper examines the Peruvian Catholic Church's responses to the challenges of COVID-19, and how this context might constitute a new stage of the Peruvian Church’s reception of Vatican II. First, it values that the Catholic Church has performed a significant social contribution by distributing humanitarian aid, providing spiritual accompaniment, and articulating the civil society to face the needs raised by COVID-19. This paper argues that such response relates to the process of reception of Vatican II in Peru. During the 1970s and 1980s, the Peruvian Church developed pastoral structures and ecclesial networks that specialized in engaging with and serving the world. Nowadays, the Church offers those strengths to the State and society. Second, this paper examines how the pandemic presents opportunities for a new discernment of the "signs of the times" by highlighting some pastoral challenges the Peruvian Church needs to address in light of Peru’s new social reality and Pope Francis’ call for Church reform.
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Pokrovskaya, Elena. "Longevity enhancement of wooden civil structures". E3S Web of Conferences 263 (2021): 01023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126301023.
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A method of longevity enhancement of wooden civil structures by absorption-chemical modification of timber surfaces is described herein. The modifiers were phosphoric acid ethers. The properties of the superficial layer were studied by IR-spectroscopy and elementary analysis by Energy Dispersion X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX) for build-up detection of covalent bonds of the modifier with the timber surface. During mycological studies, quantities of vital spores on surfaces of wooden structures were measured. As a result, the modified surface of the timber features durable a high degree of biological and fire protection enhancing the longevity of timber structures. The obtained results were practically introduced for longevity enhancement of the timber structures in Ryazan Kremlin, Anglican Church in Archangel’sk City, Nikol’skaya Church (Lyavlya Village, Archangel’sk Region), in Yaroslavl’ Wooden Architecture Museum, Holy Trinity Sergius’ Lavra, in construction of individual housings in Moscow Region.
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Vogelaar, Huub. "An Intriguing Ecumenical Dialogue: Lutheran-Orthodox Encounters in Finland". Exchange 42, nr 3 (2013): 267–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1572543x-12341275.
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Abstract Finland is seen as a model country for ecumenism. For many years the country was almost monolithic Lutheran, but today Lutheranism is no longer a state religion. Yet, certain state-church structures still exist in this modern welfare state. Religiously Finland is characterized by strong secularization as well as by privatized faith. Since the 1960s minority churches came more to the forefront, in particular the Finnish Orthodox Church whose impact exceeds its small quantity. The Lutheran majority Church strongly facilitated the ecumenical dialogue with Eastern Orthodoxy, initially in international and later on in national perspective. In the article the development of this attractive discourse is highlighted. It became an appealing process of mutual learning between Eastern and Western Christianity.
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Brown, Stewart J. "Providential Empire? The Established Church of England and the Nineteenth-Century British Empire in India". Studies in Church History 54 (14.05.2018): 225–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/stc.2017.19.
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In the early nineteenth century, many in Britain believed that their conquests in India had a providential purpose, and that imperial Britain had been called by God to Christianize India through an alliance of Church and empire. In 1813, parliament not only opened India to missionary activity, but also provided India with an established Church, which was largely supported by Indian taxation and formed part of the established Church of England. Many hoped that this union of Church and empire would communicate to India the benefits of England's diocesan and parochial structures, with a settled pastorate, parish churches and schools, and a Christian gentry. As the century progressed, the established Church was steadily enlarged, with a growing number of bishoprics, churches, schools, colleges, missionaries and clergy. But it had only limited success in gaining converts, and many Indians viewed it as a form of colonization. From the 1870s, it was increasingly clear that imperial India would not become Christian. Some began reconceptualizing the providential purpose behind the Indian empire, suggesting that the purpose might be to promote dialogue and understanding between the religions of the East and West, or, through the selfless service of missionaries, to promote moral reform movements in Hinduism and Islam.
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Åhman, Henrik, i Claes Thorén. "When Facebook Becomes Faithbook: Exploring Religious Communication in a Social Media Context". Social Media + Society 7, nr 3 (lipiec 2021): 205630512110416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20563051211041644.
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Processes of digitalization continue to have a profound effect on many old, traditional organizations. In institutions such as banks, theaters, and churches, established structures and practices are being challenged by digitization in general and the participatory logic of social media in particular. This article draws on Mark C. Taylor’s concepts of figuring and disfiguring to analyze empirical data gathered from the Church of Sweden Facebook page. The aim is to discuss how social media affects the conditions for religious communication and what the consequences are for a traditional religious organization such as the Church of Sweden.
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Somé, Magloire, i Cecily Bennett. "Christian Base Communities in Burkina Faso: Between Church and Politics". Journal of Religion in Africa 31, nr 3 (2001): 275–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006601x00185.
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AbstractDuring the last decade, Christian Base Communities (Communautés chrétiennes de base, CCBs), which first emerged in Burkina Faso (then Upper Volta) in 1970, have played an important part in the strategy for pastoral work and evangelisation of the Catholic Church's hierarchy in that country. The article examines the origins and development of the CCBs, their relationship with Burkina Faso's political, educational and social structures, the contribution they could make to a renewed and distinctively African Church. It concludes that, largely because of a lack of autonomy, they have not yet achieved their aims either within the Church or in the promotion of democracy, though these remain real possibilities.
31
Loader, William. "Jesus Left Loose Ends". Pacifica: Australasian Theological Studies 2, nr 2 (czerwiec 1989): 210–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1030570x8900200205.
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Many of the major issues which confronted the apostolic Church are to be accounted for by the fact that Jesus left loose ends. These include the Torah (food laws, purity laws, circumcision), the inclusion of Gentiles, the order of the Church and its relation to Israel, scripture interpretation and the timing and character of the Kingdom hope. This article looks at some of the ways the early communities grappled with these issues, and at the implications of Jesus’ having left loose ends for an appropriate understanding of the Church. The Church's identity and authority lie ultimately not in the use of scriptural witness and/or community structures as fixed law, but in its solidarity with the past event and future hope of the Kingdom which is good news for the poor.
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Osheim, Amanda C. "Stepping toward a Synodal Church". Theological Studies 80, nr 2 (7.05.2019): 370–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040563919836225.
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In his address commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of the institution of the Synod of Bishops, Pope Francis expressed hope for a more synodal church. Consulting recent theological literature aids the discovery of potential—if only partial—steps towards a synodal church in three areas: spiritualities and structures of discernment; theological methodologies; and ecumenical gifts of synodality.
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BEGLOV, A. L. "International Activity of the Russian Orthodox Church during the “New Deal” Between the State and the Church. Periodization and the Elements of Crisis". Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 11, nr 4 (16.10.2018): 104–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2018-11-4-104-129.
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The article describes the international activities of the Russian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate during the “new deal” in the state-church relations (late 1930s – first half of the 1950s). Depending on the direction of the international activities of the Russian Church, which the Soviet leadership considered to be the priority of the moment, the author outlines five main stages of the “new deal”. The first stage dated to the late 1930s – 1943, when the “new policy” remained a secret policy of the Stalinist leadership aimed at including Orthodox religious structures in the new territories, included into the USSR in 1939–1940, into the management system of the Moscow Patriarchate, and then to establish contacts with allies on religious channels through the anti-Hitler coalition. The second stage occurred in 1943–1948, when the main efforts of church diplomacy were aimed at including the Orthodox Churches of Eastern Europe in the orbit the influence of the Moscow Patriarchate and (after 1945) an unsuccessful attempt was made to achieve the leading role of the Russian Orthodox Church in the world Orthodoxy. The third stage occurred in 1948– 1949, when the crisis of the “new deal” took shape. Finally, the fourth stage began after 1949 with the inclusion of the Russian Orthodox Church in the international movement for peace and overcoming the crisis of state-church relations. The author pays special attention to the Moscow meeting of the heads and representatives of the Orthodox Churches of 1948, which revealed a divergence in the interests of the state and the Church and launched a crisis of the “new deal”. In addition, the article makes an excursion into the history of foreign policy activity of representatives of the Russian Orthodox Church in the period before the 1917 revolution, as well as its international relations in the interwar period�
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Klymov, Valeriy Volodymyrovych. "Church and Politics in Ukraine: Relationship Issues". Ukrainian Religious Studies, nr 46 (25.03.2008): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2008.46.1919.
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An unbiased analysis of the history of the coexistence of church institutions and politics in any state shows that the chronicle of such coexistence appears, in large part, as a history of attempts to use, with greater or lesser success, on the one hand, by church political structures, and on the other, by the church of political structures, or politicians. The history of these interconnected relationships goes back to the times when both institutions in the process of their formation and development began to represent a certain socially influential force, a real and potential resource which could be used to solve operational and strategic political or religious-church problems in any which field of social life (political, economic, social, spiritual, legal, national, military, etc.).
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Diachok, Oksana, Larysa Shuldan i Alina Yanbukhtina. "FEATURES AND COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF SACRED BUILDINGS OF THE END OF 20 – EARLY 21 CENTURY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CHURCH OF ST. PETER IN TERNOPIL)". Urban development and spatial planning, nr 77 (24.05.2021): 181–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2076-815x.2021.77.181-195.
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The article examines some problems of temples of the late 20th - early 21st centuries, in which modern architectural ideas, modern design components appeared together with new design solutions. The study uses a set of general scientific (empirical and theoretical) and special research methods (method of visual and instrumental surveys, historical and comparative analysis, art analysis, method of thermal monitoring and calculation). A comprehensive study was conducted on the example of St. Peter's Church in Ternopil (architect Serhiy Hora, designer Józef Simels). It is established that its modern stylistic image, modern formative components are combined with the traditional plan, which has historically developed in church construction. The facilitation of the main load-bearing structures was made possible by the use of exceptional metal curved trusses and a reinforced concrete belt. A comprehensive analysis of the condition of the church building revealed a number of problems typical for churches of this period of construction: the progressive spread of efflorescence, mycological damage to the plaster, premature destruction of building materials and destruction of structures; loss of insulative properties of structures and increase in energy consumption, deterioration of acoustic characteristics in the church space, loss of uniformity of sound distribution over its area. The dependence of these problems on changes in temperature and humidity in the temple building has been established. According to the results of instrumental research, a correlation analysis was performed to assess the degree of relationship between the distribution of moisture and temperature with the peculiarities of operation, the nature of operation and the level of thermal insulation of enclosing structures. The consequences of further moistening of the inner surfaces of the fences have been established: consequences for the interior; microclimatic (hygienic) consequence; constructive consequences; effects on energy consumption and acoustic effects. As a result of the calculations, recommendations for troubleshooting were provided. Using in this context a systematic interpretation of case studies, the study of actions that would help increase the level of comfort in churches and their preservation, the authors propose a reconstruction with an assessment of the quality of intervention at each stage.
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Hill, Mark. "Mediation: An Untapped Resource for the Church of England?" Ecclesiastical Law Journal 13, nr 1 (13.12.2010): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x10000803.
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Churches, in common with other unincorporated associations, thrive on a healthy dynamic amongst their members whose energies and gifts, properly harnessed, can serve to promote mission and witness, to build up the community of faith and to evangelise with vigour and integrity. Not infrequently, however, in both aspiration and application, the conduct of believers (individually and corporately) can fall short of that paradigm and the result can be destructive and debilitating. This paper identifies and explores areas within the current structures of the Church of England where express provision already exists for a formal process of mediation or other Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), suggesting that greater use of mediation in the future would be beneficial to the Church of England functionally, spiritually and (not least) financially.1
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Sagan, Oleksandr N. "The main tendencies of the Orthodox Church's development after the war Ukraine (1945-1988)." Ukrainian Religious Studies, nr 20 (30.10.2001): 82–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2001.20.1185.
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After the arrival of Soviet troops on the territory of Ukraine, the Orthodox Church undergoes qualitative and quantitative changes here. She was "returned" by the clergy and the faithful of the newly-reunified Church, joined by the parishes of the Romanian Orthodox Church in the territories of Izmail, Odesa, Chernivtsi and other regions. A complicated process of liquidation in Ukraine of the structures of the UAOC revived during the war and "reunion" with the Orthodox Greek-Catholicism began. All these measures do not always have a clear explanation. In addition to imperial ambitions and attempts to avoid competition by eliminating the competitors themselves, the Orthodox Church often did not have the choice of performing a social order of power structures.
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De Mey, Peter. "“A certain degree of unclarity” Observations on The Local and the Universal Dimensions of the Church from a Roman Catholic Perspective". Exchange 37, nr 4 (2008): 456–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157254308x340387.
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AbstractIn this assessment of The Local and the Universal Dimensions of the Church ecclesiological issues such as the relation between Church and Trinity, the sacramentality and the catholicity of the Church, the threefold ministry and the appeal to divine right are treated. The plea for an adequate parallelism in Church structures is investigated in dialogue with The Church as Konionia of Salvation (2005). The decision of this document to opt for the term 'intermediate level' because of its unclarity is positively welcomed.
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Ermolaeva, Ekaterina, i Aleksandr Gruzdev. "Christian Church in the movement for democracy in the Republic of Korea (1960s – 1970s)". Genesis: исторические исследования, nr 3 (marzec 2021): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2021.3.35293.
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The Republic of Korea underwent intensive industrialization in the 1960s – 1970s, followed by a range of sociocultural transformations. The society suffered changes, and the fact that the government restricted freedom in sociopolitical environment and undertook unpopular economic decisions made this process even more painful. This led to the formation of civil opposition. The composition of the participants in the movement against the dictatorship was diverse, and all of them to one or another extent infringed on their rights. An interesting nuance of the movement for democracy in South Korea is the role of the Christian Church in its consolidation. The subject of this research is the Christian Church in the movement against dictatorship in the Republic of Korea. The goal is to analyze the process of the Christian church's joining the protest movement. The questions of interaction between the society and religious circles, the level of Church engagement in the social processes remain on the agenda in many countries. The novelty of this work is defined by articulation of the problem. The emphasis is placed on the motives of social participation of the Christian Church in South Korea, its interaction with the society and government structures. The following conclusions were made: joining the antigovernment movement by the Protestant and Catholic churches in South Korea is first and foremost associated with their pursuit to expand their range of influence, increase the number of believers prevailing in the competition, and secondly – with the response to authoritarian methods of governing the country. The interaction between society and the Church within the framework of democratic movement was mutually advantageous. The level of involvement of various religious organizations differed, but all Christian denominations represented in South Korea in one way or another proved themselves in the fight against the dictatorship.
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Murphy, PhD, Haley, i Jason Pudlo, PhD Candidate. "Bridging cultures: Nonprofit, church, and emergency management agency collaboration after the May 2013 Oklahoma tornado outbreak". Journal of Emergency Management 15, nr 3 (1.05.2017): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2017.0325.
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Community-based organizations, such as nonprofit organizations (NPOs) and churches, play an important role in helping individuals and communities bounce back after a disaster. The nature of disasters requires organizations across sectors to partner together to provide recovery services; however, collaboration is difficult even in times of stability and requires trust and communication to be built through prior collaborative relationships. These prior relationships rarely exist between the majority of the nonprofit sector, churches, and existing emergency management structures. Furthermore, these organizations often have very different cultures, values, and norms that can further hinder successful postdisaster collaboration. The authors use data collected from interviews with nonprofit and church leaders involved in recovery efforts after a series of devastating storms impacted central Oklahoma in 2013 to understand how well nonprofit and church leaders perceive their organizations collaborated with each other and with government and emergency management agencies in response and recovery efforts. Interview data suggest that NPOs and churches without a primary or secondary mission of disaster response and recovery have a difficult time collaborating with organizations involved in existing emergency management structures. The authors suggest that nonprofits with a primary or secondary purpose in disaster response are a potential bridge between other nonprofits and emergency management agencies.
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Meehan, Barry. "'Unfortunately Romanesque' Two Churches of the 1840s in Hampshire". Hampshire Studies 75, nr 1 (1.11.2020): 101–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24202/hs2020008.
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The nineteenth century witnessed almost unprecedented church building activity in Hampshire. New district churches appeared in rapidly expanding urban parishes and most existing structures, including those in rural areas, underwent substantial restoration, refurbishment and enlargement. This paper compares two of these churches from the 1840s: St. Peter's, Southampton and St. Nicholas', Newnham. Despite their apparent differences, they share a number of characteristics in common, most obviously their Romanesque style and inclusion of a Rhenish helm spire. The history of their construction will be examined in the context of the contemporary revival of medieval ecclesiastical architecture and developments in Ecclesiology (the study of church buildings, furnishings and decoration). Consideration will be given to how the Rhenish helm came to be adopted at both churches and to what extent St. Peter's influenced the design and arrangements at Newnham. This article will also consider whether the same architect was involved.
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Houtepen, Anton. "Porto Alegre 2006: Called to be the One Church: Ecumenism beyond its Crisis?" Exchange 36, nr 1 (2007): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157254307x159434.
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AbstractFrom 9-23 February 2006 the World Council of Churches held its 9th Assembly in Porto Alegre, Brasil with the theme God, in your grace, transform the world. It gathered in an atmosphere of crisis in the ecumenical movement, caused by global political and religious developments, post-modern thinking on the value of plurality and difference and by the slow reception of ecumenical agreements. The Assembly, though, became a sign of hope beyond the ecumenical crisis. Its reflections and proposals on Globalisation and economic injustice, on Christian identity and religious plurality and on Church Unity and the Mission of the Church demonstrate a matured ecumenical and ecclesiological awareness, strengthened by a new method of decision-making by consensus. The document Called to be the one Church might be seen as the constitutional basis for a reconfiguration of the ecumenical movement and as a refinement of the Toronto Declaration of 1950. It formulates a matrix of catholicity and of a legitimate diversity of church forms within an essential convergence about its structures of continuity and mission.
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Mitchell, William H. F. "The Primitive Church Revived". Church History and Religious Culture 101, nr 1 (23.02.2021): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18712428-bja10017.
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Abstract Recent scholarship has highlighted the religious dimensions of political argument in William III’s England. This article adds to this trend through a political analysis of pieces on the Apostolic Age that were written, re-printed, or cited, in the reign of William III. The Age was manipulated to legitimise the Williamite settlement in two ways. First, the early Christians’ ecclesiastical structures and practices were compared favourably to the contemporary Church of England, and unfavourably with Roman Catholic regimes. This contrast bolstered the bipolar confessional divide that underpinned William III’s claim to the English throne. Second, the supposed pan-national spiritual sympathy of the early Christians was regarded as a template for contemporary European Protestants, who were worthy of the protection that formed the bedrock of William III’s foreign policy.
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Kulpinov, S. S. "Revisiting the Problem of the Relationship between the Renovationist and “Gregorian” Church Structures in Eastern Siberia in 1926–1934". Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Political Science and Religion Studies 37 (2021): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2073-3380.2021.37.100.
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The article analyzes the relationship between the renovationist and «Gregorian» church structures in Eastern Siberia in 1926-1934. The article examines the position of the central and local structures of the Provisional supreme church council in relation to renovationism, as well as the view of the renovationist Holy Synod on the «gregorian» schism in the Russian Orthodox Church. The article analyzes the information about the structures of the PSCC in the materials of the renovationist dioceses in Eastern Siberia, and also examines switching of the clergy and communities from the renovationism to the “gregorian” schism and vice versa in Eastern Siberia. The author came to the conclusion that in Eastern Siberia the “gregorian” schism did not pose a significant threat to renovationism, therefore, contacts were restricted to acceptance of the clergy and communities, as well as pronouncement of the status of the PSCC structures and the departure of communities and clerics to them.
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Buckser, Andrew. "Sacred Airtime: American Church Structures and the Rise of Televangelism". Human Organization 48, nr 4 (grudzień 1989): 370–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/humo.48.4.b791525316152711.
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Levine, Daniel H. "Continuities in Colombia". Journal of Latin American Studies 17, nr 2 (listopad 1985): 295–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00007902.
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Lately we have become accustomed to look for change in Latin American Catholicism. Indeed, expectations of innovation and change have largely replaced the norms of continuity which once governed both scholarly and popular outlooks on the Catholic Church in the region. Constant change is now commonly anticipated in the ideas and structures of the churches, in their relation to social movements, and in the form and content of the churches' projections into society and politics as a whole.
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LUNKIN, R. N. "The Social and Political Role of Religion in Europe: the Demand for Christian Identity". Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 11, nr 4 (16.10.2018): 46–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2018-11-4-46-64.
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Inthearticleanalyzedthesocial and political role of Christian churches, their position in Europe from the pint of view of statistics and presence of the faith-based organizations in the society. The author made a conclusion that the politicized Christianity on the European continent tied with the preserving of the role of Christian churches in the social structure as with the secularizationthatdidnotbecomedesecularization (thereturningofreligiontouchedonlyLatin America,Africa,Asia)andcreatedthevacuum of identity. The weakness of the modern Western European society in its capacity to defend and express the identity forced politicians to seek the support from Christian worldview. Different confessions demonstrated stable development and social mobility in the period of the formation of EU structures. The European politicization of Christianity became the part of the world process of the transfiguration of the religion into a way of the self expression of multiple identities in the circumstances of the inevitable globalization and becoming of the democracy as the optimal form of the social existence. The basic features of the process: the high number of church affiliated (faith based) civil organizations, network church activity, the possibility to reflect various forms of identity in a frames of the Christianized democratic structures.
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Arthur, Gordon. "The Development of Canonical Jurisprudence in the Roman Catholic Church and the Church of England". Ecclesiology 4, nr 3 (2008): 308–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/174553108x341297.
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AbstractThis paper offers a theological examination of the legal theory underlying the Canon Law of the Roman Catholic Church from the time of Gratian onwards, and of the Church of England since the Reformation, comparing the latter with parallel developments in English Common Law. Despite their very different contexts, structures and emphases, a surprising degree of similarity emerges, which may provide a basis for further discussion and convergence in the future.
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Effenberger, Arne. "Die Kirche des hl. Romanos in Konstantinopel und ihr Umfeld". Millennium 14, nr 1 (23.02.2017): 191–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mill-2017-0006.
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Abstract The church of St. Romanus in the neighborhood of the Gate of St. Romanus of the Theodosian Land Walls was erected during the Theodosian era and existed until the late Byzantine period. Because of its crypt,which included a famous collection of relics (prophets and saints) the church was an important destination of the Christian pilgrimage. In the first part of this article I consider the written sources, liturgical data and the topographical situation regarding the church and the neighboring structures. The second part examines the location and the current state of the Gate of St. Romanus. Herein the unjustifiable assertions of M. Philippides and W. K. Hanak against the correct identification of the gate by N. Asutay-Effenberger are refuted. The third part deals with the crypts of the Byzantine churches and suggests that the crypt of the Church of St. Romanus was a substructure, which supported the building. The fourth part focuses on the cult of the two saints Elizabeth the Wonderworker and Thomaïs of Lesbos and considers the history of the women’s convent τὰ Mικρὰ Ῥωμαίου. This monastery near the cistern of Mokios was restored by the empress Theodora Palaiologina between 1282 and 1303 and consecrated to the Saints Cosmas and Damianus. The last section discusses some other churches and private properties in the vicinity of the Church of St. Romanus,which are mentioned in the late Byzantine written sources. They are all situated on the road leading from the gate of St. Romanus into the city. Today, only the Manastır Mescidi stands on this route, but it cannot be identified with any of these churches, which appear in the written sources.
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Ordoukhanian, Evlin. "Stone and Brick Work Churches Composition and Structural Features". Key Engineering Materials 828 (grudzień 2019): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.828.58.
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One of the typical features of the early Armenian culture of cemetery is its original church architecture. The radical changes in socio-economic and political relations were the basis of 301 cc to proclaim Christianity as a state religion. Church building has a great progress in the high middle Ages (9th-14th cc.) Where stone blocks are used as a building blend together with bricks. In the article, comparisons have been made between the Kirants Monastery and Makaravank, which are located in the same region and were built at the same time. As a result of the study, it is noticeable that these two monasteries, which have been high middle age construction material, have eras and similar buildings (churches, subsidiary structures, cemeteries around). Churches are a cross-shaped central dome and a domed hall volumetric spatial type. The facade is decorated with luxurious decoration, the exterior facades are decorated with colored bricks in Kirants monastery, and in Makaravank, in the form of stone carving. Similarities are seen in structured nodes - entrances and windows. There are remarkable differences in interior decorations - the interior walls of the Kirants monastery are decorated, with a small part of them preserved up to now, and there is no interior decoration in Makaravank.