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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Choices that align"
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Ambuehl, Sandro, B. Douglas Bernheim i Axel Ockenfels. "What Motivates Paternalism? An Experimental Study". American Economic Review 111, nr 3 (1.03.2021): 787–830. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20191039.
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We study experimentally when, why, and how people intervene in others’ choices. Choice Architects (CAs) construct opportunity sets containing bundles of time-indexed payments for Choosers. CAs frequently prevent impatient choices despite opportunities to provide advice, believing Choosers benefit. They violate common behavioral welfare criteria by removing impatient options even when all payoffs are delayed. CAs intervene not by removing options they wish they could resist when choosing for themselves (mistakes-projective paternalism), but rather as if they seek to align others’ choices with their own aspirations (ideals-projective paternalism). Laboratory choices predict subjects’ support for actual paternalistic policies. (JEL C92, D12, D15)
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DeMartini, Anne, i Jillian M. Villemaire. "Using Student Choice for Engaged Learning in Sport, Tourism, Recreation, and Live Entertainment Education". Sports Innovation Journal 4, SI (15.12.2023): 104–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/27316.
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Fostering engaged learning in higher education contributes to students’ lifelong learning. Additionally, engaged learning prepares graduates to transfer their learning to the workplace, which is particularly important in pre-professional sport, tourism, recreation, and live entertainment (STRLE) programs. Engaged learning entails students actively and intentionally participating in their own learning, and learning autonomy is fundamental to their ownership of the learning enterprise. Student choice can be implemented as an engaged learning pedagogy by supporting student autonomy. Offering students choices in the classroom can increase engagement, enjoyment, and motivation; build competence and higher order thinking skills; and improve student success. Faculty engaged in this praxis in a sport management program at a small, private college. To further enhance student success, STRLE faculty can implement student choice following the recommended best practices. Offering choices that align with student interests and values, and provide connection and competence, best support autonomy. Faculty should also demonstrate warmth, flexibility, and consistency to increase the effectiveness of providing student choices. This commentary explores the literature on student choice as an engaged learning practice, illustrates a practice example, and makes recommendations for effectively applying student choice in the STRLE classroom.
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Marrone, Jennifer A., Holly Slay Ferraro i Therese Huston. "A Theoretical Approach to Female Team Leaders’ Boundary Work Choices". Group & Organization Management 43, nr 5 (24.08.2018): 825–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059601118795384.
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As organizations face progressively complex challenges, team leader boundary work that is relational and inclusive (i.e., work that relates to others across team boundaries and includes a wide variety of stakeholder perspectives and concerns) is more and more valued. These trends pose advantages and disadvantages for women team leaders. Although the desired leadership competencies align well with the communal qualities often attributed to and expected of women leaders, displaying boundary work behaviors that are relational and inclusive may paradoxically result in a questioning of women’s leadership competence by team members and parties external to the team. Moreover, concerns about gender stereotyping and discrimination may pressure women to adapt their boundary work behaviors to downplay or negate “femininity” as they lead. Reflective of these dilemmas, we propose that female team leaders experience conflicting internal motivations about the boundary work behaviors they display. Drawing from social role, impression management, and social identity perspectives, we examine the motives that drive women leaders to engage in or avoid boundary work that aligns with female gender roles, the contextual influences affecting the likelihood women leaders will act on these motives, and the implications of this boundary work for teams and female team leaders.
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Kavi Priya S, Porkodi J, Kaviya Sri A N i Shweatha K. "Empowering Sentiment Analysis For Improved Fashion Choices". international journal of engineering technology and management sciences 7, nr 5 (2023): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2023.v07i05.037.
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The world of fashion is dynamic, ever-changing, and deeply influenced by individual preferences and collective sentiment. Making confident and informed fashion choices can be a daunting task, especially in an era marked by rapid trends and diverse styles. The fashion industry is ever-evolving, with trends and styles constantly changing. Making informed fashion choices that align with personal preferences and public sentiment can be challenging. "Empowering Sentiment Analysis for improved fashion choices" presents a novel approach to address this challenge. This abstract introduces a comprehensive framework that harnesses the power of sentiment analysis, a sophisticated natural language processing technique, to provide consumers and fashion enthusiasts with invaluable insights into the realm of fashion. Sentiment analysis, commonly used in understanding public opinions and emotional tones in textual data, is adapted here to decode the fashion landscape. By analyzing textual data from fashion reviews, social media posts, and comments, sentiment analysis can discern public sentiment and opinions about specific clothing items, styles, and trends. The primary objective of this initiative is to empower individuals to make better, more informed fashion choices. Through sentiment analysis, individuals can access an in-depth understanding of the prevailing sentiments and opinions surrounding specific clothing items, styles, and trends. This knowledge equips them with the tools to align their choices with current trends, explore niche styles, or even express their uniqueness confidently. By leveraging the power of machine learning models like Logistic Regression, Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machines, Random Forest , Ada Boosting and Deep Learning algorithms the sentiment classification models are built. Furthermore, this technology fosters inclusivity and diversity in fashion decision-making by highlighting a wide range of sentiments and opinions. It acknowledges that fashion is a highly personal and subjective domain and helps individuals discover styles that resonate with their unique tastes and values.
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Mutanga, Murimo Bethel, Philip Xolisa Piyose i Sithembile Ndovela. "Factors Affecting Career Preferences and Pathways: Insights from IT Students". Journal of Information Systems and Informatics 5, nr 3 (11.09.2023): 1111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.51519/journalisi.v5i3.556.
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The selection of an appropriate career path plays a pivotal role in shaping students' futures and can greatly enhance their employability prospects. By making well-informed decisions, students can align their educational pursuits with their professional aspirations, ensuring a seamless transition from academia to the workforce. This study aims to investigate the career choices of IT students within the Department of ICT. Through an analysis of the career choices made by students in these specific areas, the research seeks to uncover the underlying factors that influence their decision-making processes. By examining the career preferences of IT students, this research endeavor seeks to provide valuable insights into the motivations, interests, and aspirations that drive their choice of specialization. Additionally, it aims to explore how external factors, such as industry trends, job market demands, and personal experiences, impact their decision-making. Understanding these factors can offer valuable guidance to educational institutions, curriculum developers, and career advisors, enabling them to provide tailored support and guidance to IT students, thus facilitating more informed career decisions. Ultimately, the findings of this study will contribute to a better understanding of the career preferences and pathways within the IT field. This knowledge can aid educators and institutions in developing relevant and responsive curricula, fostering an environment that nurtures students' talents and equips them with the necessary skills and knowledge for their chosen career paths. Additionally, it can assist students in making informed choices that align with their passions and long-term goals, ultimately enhancing their employability and success in the dynamic and ever-evolving IT industry.
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Thanh, Tu Chi. "Exploring Thesis Topic Choices in Undergraduate Chinese Language Studies". Journal of Knowledge Learning and Science Technology ISSN: 2959-6386 (online) 3, nr 1 (29.03.2024): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.60087/jklst.vol3.no1.p51.
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The paper discusses the importance of topic selection in research, emphasizing that the chosen topic determines the scope, depth, and content of the study. The appropriateness of the topic is crucial for the successful completion of a thesis. An ideal topic should have academic value, align with personal interests, and be suitable for the individual's research capabilities. The direction, difficulty, scale, and method of formulating the topic are all significant aspects worthy of in-depth discussion.Keywords: Topic Selection; Difficulty; Formulation; Evaluation
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Patt, Virginie M., Renee Hunsberger, Dominoe A. Jones, Margaret M. Keane i Mieke Verfaellie. "Temporal discounting when outcomes are experienced in the moment: Validation of a novel paradigm and comparison with a classic hypothetical intertemporal choice task". PLOS ONE 16, nr 5 (14.05.2021): e0251480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251480.
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When faced with intertemporal choices, people typically devalue rewards available in the future compared to rewards more immediately available, a phenomenon known as temporal discounting. Decisions involving intertemporal choices arise daily, with critical impact on health and financial wellbeing. Although many such decisions are “experiential” in that they involve delays and rewards that are experienced in real-time and can inform subsequent choices, most studies have focused on intertemporal choices with hypothetical outcomes (or outcomes delivered after all decisions are made). The present study focused on experiential intertemporal choices. First, a novel intertemporal choice task was developed and validated, using delays experienced in real time and artistic photographs as consumable perceptual rewards. Second, performance on the experiential task was compared to performance on a classic intertemporal choice task with hypothetical outcomes. Involvement of distinct processes across tasks was probed by examining differential relations to state and trait anxiety. A two-parameter logistic function framework was proposed to fit indifference point data. This approach accounts for individual variability not only in the delay at which an individual switches from choosing the delayed to more immediate option, but also in the slope of that switch. Fit results indicated that the experiential task elicited temporal discounting, with effective trade-off between delay and perceptual reward. Comparison with the hypothetical intertemporal choice task suggested distinct mechanisms: first, temporal discounting across the two tasks was not correlated; and second, state and trait anxiety both were associated with choice behavior in the experiential task, albeit in distinct ways, whereas neither was significantly associated with choice behavior in the hypothetical task. The engagement of different processes in the experiential compared to hypothetical task may align with neural evidence for the recruitment of the hippocampus in animal but not in classic human intertemporal choice studies.
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Putra, Qary, i Taufik Taufik. "The Relationship between Parental Support and the Direction of Students' Career Choices". Education and Social Sciences Review 5, nr 1 (25.05.2024): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29210/07essr401500.
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<span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Siswa SMA merupakan individu yang sedang menjalani tahap perkembangan masa remaja. Salah satu tugas perkembangan yang harus dicapai siswa sekolah menengah adalah mempersiapkan diri untuk merencanakan pekerjaan dan pendidikan selanjutnya. Fenomena yang terjadi adalah masih banyak siswa yang belum mampu memilih pekerjaan dan pendidikan lanjutan. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi siswa dalam menentukan arah pilihan karirnya adalah dukungan dari orang tuanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan dukungan orang tua dengan arah pilihan karir siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif korelasional dengan metode kuantitatif. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 252 siswa. Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah angket dukungan orang tua dan angket pilihan karir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) rata-rata skor capaian dukungan orang tua sebesar 106,27 (75,88%) dengan kategori tinggi, (2) rata-rata skor capaian pilihan karir siswa sebesar 69,71 (69,71%) dengan kategori baik, (3) terdapat hubungan positif antara dukungan orang tua dengan arah pilihan karir siswa.</span></span>
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Lin, Michael S., Amit Sharma i Yuxia Ouyang. "Role of Signals In Consumers’ Economic Valuation of Restaurant Choices". Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research 44, nr 7 (31.05.2020): 1080–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1096348020926238.
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While businesses provide “signals” related to products/services to alleviate information asymmetry and facilitate consumers’ economic valuation of their offerings, it is not always clear which of these signals is more effective. This study investigated the comparative effectiveness of signals on influencing consumers’ choices and their willingness to pay (WTP) for a restaurant meal. Results of an online stated choice experiment (N =328) suggest that local independent ownership, local sourcing, and food quality significantly influenced individuals’ choices and increased WTP for a meal. Higher food quality signal in a local and independently owned restaurant was associated with a 40% WTP price premium than in a national chain restaurant. Findings of this study contribute to our understanding of signaling factors’ relative influence on an individual’s decision. The study also offers management implications for restaurant owners on how to effectively align signals to target potential consumers.
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Kamau, Grace, Evans Aosa, Vincent Machuki i Ganesh Pokhariyal. "Corporate Governance, Strategic Choices and Performance of Financial Institutions in Kenya". International Journal of Business and Management 13, nr 7 (17.06.2018): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v13n7p169.
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It has been argued that corporate governance plays a critical role in determining the strategic direction of corporations. This is achieved through formulation of strategic choices that utilizes firm’s internal resources to align corporations to the external environment for optimal performances. In this study, we sought to determine the influence of corporate governance and strategic choices to the performance of financial institutions in Kenya. A cross sectional descriptive research design was adopted and, primary data collected from top executives of 108 financial institutions. We analyzed data using regression analysis. Results indicate that corporate governance and strategic choices significantly influences organizational performance. Further, the study revealed a partial mediation of strategic choices to corporate governance and organizational performance. It was concluded that besides corporate governance being a key determinant of performance in organizations, adoption of appropriate strategic choices greatly enhances the performance. The results are important to organizational leaders, policy makers, investors and all corporate stakeholders in determining optimal strategies for organizational posterity.
Książki na temat "Choices that align"
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Rahkovsky, Ilya. New food choices free of trans fats better align U.S. diets with health recommendations. Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 2012.
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Rahkovsky, Ilya. New food choices free of trans fats better align U.S. diets with health recommendations. Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 2012.
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R, Hamilton David, red. Choice point: Align your purpose. Australia: Hay House, 2012.
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Bell, Derrick A. Gospel choirs: Psalms of survival for an alien land called home. New York, NY: BasicBooks, 1996.
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Krieger, Tim. Public pensions and immigration: A public choice approach. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2005.
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Krieger, Tim. Public pensions and immigration: A public choice approach. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar, 2006.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Immigration, Refugees, and International Law. Legal immigration--occupational preferences: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Immigration, Refugees, and International Law of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One hundredth Congress, on legal immigration--occupational preferences, July 21, 1987. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Immigration, Refugees, and International Law. Legal immigration--occupational preferences: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Immigration, Refugees, and International Law of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One hundredth Congress, on legal immigration--occupational preferences, July 21, 1987. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Immigration, Refugees, and International Law. Legal immigration--occupational preferences: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Immigration, Refugees, and International Law of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One hundredth Congress, on legal immigration--occupational preferences, July 21, 1987. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.
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Santiago, Joseph Sedfrey S. A handbook on the rights and remedies of migrant workers in the European Community under the European Convention on Human Rights. Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines: Institute of International Legal Studies, University of the Philippines Law Center, 1993.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Choices that align"
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Knox, Taryn. "Sexual Orientation Change Efforts and VBP". W International Perspectives in Values-Based Mental Health Practice, 331–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47852-0_39.
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AbstractAccording to VBP, to determine whether an individual ought to be able to choose to have safe, effective and truly consensual sexual orientation change efforts (SOCE—also known as conversion therapy), the legitimate values—values compatible with mutual respect—of the individual involved and other affected parties need to be considered. Fulford suggests that homophobic values are incompatible with mutual respect, which suggests that SOCE should not be available. This chapter argues that certain homophobic values may be compatible with mutual respect. Hence, in certain circumstances, VBP could allow safe, effective and truly consensual SOCE to go ahead. This could be considered to be a weakness of VBP. However, VBP should be applauded for considering the values of all involved, including those who make choices for themselves that do not align with the dominant ideology of a society.
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Huang, He, Yixin He, Longpeng Zhang, Zhicheng Zeng, Tu Ouyang i Zhimin Zeng. "Leveraging Modern Big Data Stack for Swift Development of Insights into Social Developments". W Proceeding of 2021 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Applications, 325–33. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2456-9_34.
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AbstractInsights of social development, presented in various forms, such as metrics, figures, text summaries, whose purpose is to summarize, explain, and predict the situations and trends of society, is extremely useful to guide organizations and individuals to better realize their own objectives in accordance with the whole society. Deriving these insights accurately and swiftly has become an interest for a range of organizations, including agencies governing districts, city even the whole country, they use these insights to inform policy-makings. Business investors who peak into statistical numbers for estimating current economical situations and future trends. Even for individuals, they could look at some of these insights to better align themselves with macroscopical social trends. There are many challenges to develop these insights in a data-driven approach. First, required data come from a large number of heterogeneous sources in a variety of formats. One single source’s data could be in the size of hundreds of Gigabytes to several TeraBytes, ingesting and governing such huge amount of data is not a small challenge. Second, many complex insights are derived by domain human experts in a trail-and-error fashion, while interacting with data with the aid of computer algorithms. To quickly experiment various algorithms, it asks for software capabilities for infusing human experts and machine intelligence together, this is challenging but critical for success.By designing and implementing a flexible big data stack that could bring in a variety of data components. We address some of the challenges to infuse data, computer algorithm and human together in Zilian Tech company [20]. In this paper we present the architecture of our data stack and articulate some of the important technical choices when building such stack. The stack is designed to be equipped with scalable storage that could scale up to PetaBytes, as well as elastic distributed compute engine with parallel computing algorithms. With these features the data stack enables a) swift data analysis, by human analysts interacting with data and machine algorithms via software support, with on-demand question answering time reduced from days to minutes; b) agile building of data products for end users to interact with, in weeks if not days from months.
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Smith, Richard D., i Joanna Coast. "The Economics of Resistance Through an Ethical Lens". W Ethics and Drug Resistance: Collective Responsibility for Global Public Health, 279–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27874-8_17.
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Abstract Economics is concerned with the analysis of choice and the efficient use of resources. Markets for antibiotics are heavily affected by their ‘public good’ nature and the externality that results from their consumption in terms of resistance. The non-excludability and non-rivalry associated with knowledge production in antibiotic development also has implications for the supply of antibiotics. On the demand side there are ethical issues associated with free-riding by consumers, free-riding across nations and free-riding across time. On the supply side, the lack of a pipeline for new antibiotics for the future causes both ethical and economic issues – and from both perspectives, efforts should perhaps focus more on alternatives to antibiotics and adjustments to heath care systems to reduce reliance on antibiotics. Indeed, unlike many areas of health care, where economics and ethical perspectives may differ, antimicrobial resistance is a case where the two perspectives align in terms of ensuring efficient and sustainable development and use of this precious resources. All strategies for dealing with resistance should share the same goals of achieving an optimal balance in the use of antimicrobial agents and explicit consideration of the distributional implications.
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Nixon, Lyndon. "Do DMOs Promote the Right Aspects of the Destination? A Study of Instagram Photography with a Visual Classifier". W Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2022, 174–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94751-4_16.
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AbstractAs global travel emerges from the pandemic, pent up interest in travel will lead to consumers making their choice between global destinations. Instagram is a key source of destination inspiration. DMO marketing success on this channel relies on projecting a destination image that resonates with this target group. However, usual text-based marketing intelligence on this channel does not work as content is consumed first and foremost as a visual projection. The author has built a deep learning based visual classifier for destination image measurement from photos. In this paper, we compare projected and perceived destination images in Instagram photography for four of the most Instagrammed destinations worldwide. We find that whereas the projected destination image aligns well to the perceived image, there are specific aspects of the destinations that are of more interest to Instagrammers than reflected in the current destination marketing.
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Rinscheid, Adrian, i Linards Udris. "Referendum Campaigns in Swiss Energy Policy". W Swiss Energy Governance, 283–312. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80787-0_12.
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AbstractWhat are the patterns in media coverage in Swiss energy policy-making, and to what extent do the media influence voters’ decisions at the ballot? In a first step, this chapter provides a comparative investigation of media coverage in the run-up to three recent energy-related referenda (2015 initiative “Energy tax instead of VAT”; 2016 nuclear phase-out initiative; 2017 referendum on the federal Energy Strategy 2050), with 31 other referenda between 2014 and 2018 as a benchmark. Based on a content analysis of articles published in 21 Swiss newspapers, our analysis demonstrates that the three energy-policy referenda are characterized by patterns similar to non-energy votes but also have distinct features. In a second step, we specifically focus on the 2016 nuclear phase-out initiative, which was characterized by balanced newspaper reporting, and explain voting behavior by linking data on media coverage and individual-level data from a panel survey (n = 1014). The analysis relies on “linkage analysis”, a method that takes media contents as quasi-experimental stimuli to explain individual-level outcomes. We find that the failure of the phase-out initiative can be partly explained by exposure to newspaper coverage: one in four left-wing voters who had initially been in favor of the popular initiative but were exposed to strongly negative coverage about it during the “hot” campaign phase changed their initial voting intention. The analysis also suggests that the media coverage may have helped center/right-wing voters to learn about their preferred party’s position so as to align their vote choice with their political predisposition.
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Swartz, Steven L., Aimee Lang, Alexander Burdin, John Calambokidis, Héloïse Frouin-Mouy, Sergio Martínez-Aguilar, Fabian Rodríguez-González i in. "Gray Whale Sex, Reproductive Behavior, and Social Strategies". W Sex in Cetaceans, 499–520. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35651-3_21.
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AbstractGray whale sexual behavior and copulation are observed throughout their range. The most prominent period for reproductive behavior is during the southward migration from summer feeding areas to wintering areas where some breeding occurs and calves of the year are reared. The seasonal migrations of gray whales are believed to function, in part, to bring together individuals that are otherwise widely distributed during the period of estrus to facilitate mating and reproduction. Sexual behaviors and sexual strategies for this species appear to align closely with those of balaenid (not rorqual) whales, although such comparisons need further investigation. Gray whales are polygynandrous (multi-mate) breeders. There does not appear to be female choice of mates, as groups of numerous females and males aggregate, and multiple copulations occur. Female estrus begins in mid-November and continues to early December; females may undergo a second estrus, extending into February, if they fail to conceive during their first cycle. Male gray whales have large testes and concomitantly produce large volumes of sperm, so they are believed to be sperm competitors; that is, they rely on multiple copulations (and sperm volume) to produce offspring. Multiple copulations with different males during the female estrus period may increase the likelihood that the timing of conception results in the birth of a calf approximately 13 months later near or in the wintering area(s). Mating bouts can last for minutes to hours, interspersed with surface-active-social-sexual behavior. Some all-male groups have been observed with erect penises engaged in social-sexual behavior in the absence of any females. Instances of male aggression toward postpartum females with calves of the year, sometimes resulting in injury or death, have been reported. As a result of dedicated long-term research in the past several decades, the state of knowledge on gray whale reproduction has greatly expanded and updated information on this topic is summarized in this chapter.
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Cummings, Ryan, i Adina L. Roskies. "Frankfurt and the Problem of Self-Control". W Surrounding Self-Control, 421–33. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197500941.003.0022.
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Frankfurt’s compatibilist account of free will considers an individual to be free when her first- and second-order volitions align. This structural account of the will, this chapter argues, fails to engage with the dynamics of will, resulting in two shortcomings: (1) the problem of directionality, or that Frankfurtian freedom obtains whenever first- and second-order volitions align, regardless of which desire was made to change, and (2) the potential for infinite regress of higher-order desires. The authors propose that a satisfying account of the genesis of second-order volitions can resolve these issues. To provide this they draw from George Ainslie’s mechanistic account of self-control, which relies on intertemporal bargaining wherein an individual’s self-predictions about future decisions affect the value of her current choices. They suggest that second-order volitions emerge from precisely this sort of process, and that a Frankfurt-Ainslie account of free will avoids the objections previously raised.
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Kumari, Meenu, i Amit Dutt. "Consumer Awareness and Perception of Online Services". W Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services, 178–97. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-1339-8.ch011.
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The advent of the digital age has brought about significant changes in consumer behavior, with online services becoming an integral part of everyday life. This chapter explores the consumer awareness and perception of online services, focusing on a comparative analysis of brand preferences and the decision-making process. By examining various studies and surveys, this chapter aims to shed light on the factors that influence consumer choices in the online service domain and understand how brands can enhance their strategies to attract and retain customers. The chapter concludes with actionable insights for businesses to better align their offerings with consumer expectations.
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Lehtinen, Sanna. "Aesthetic Choice in the Age of Ecological Awareness". W The Oxford Handbook of Mental Health and Contemporary Western Aesthetics, C19S1—C19P77. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192866929.013.19.
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Abstract In this chapter, I discuss how environmentally conscious aesthetic values become explicit in the form of preferences and concrete choices in everyday situations in which one is able to choose between two or more equally accessible alternatives. Climate awareness, in particular, is affecting attitudes and the experienced responsibility for one’s personal aesthetic preferences and concrete situations in which one is choosing between two or more options with varying degrees of environmental implication. This type of accountability for the long-term sustainability of subjective choices and deliberation between different types of possibly conflicting values is present in many everyday situations ranging from the mundane to more complex matters. The chapter presents case examples in which the need to make everyday decisions is directly linked to aesthetic value and consumption choices. The broader claim made in the article is that these moments of everyday aesthetic decision-making cause mental friction and affect the well-being of an individual in complex ways. Environmental and aesthetic values can and do coexist but they do not necessarily align neatly and neither does one always possess required knowledge to make thoroughly informed decisions.
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Eliasoph, Nina. "Temporal Leapfrog: Puzzles of Timing". W Making Volunteers. Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691147093.003.0004.
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This chapter portrays the Community House's possibly mismatched time lines, and shows how participants align them by focusing on future potential. Sometimes this temporal leapfrog works, but sometimes this focus on future potential comes at the expense of any focus on the past or present. The chapter indicates other temporal disconnections as well, as illustrated in how organizers try to “build community” by “drawing on community,” “build leadership by drawing on leadership,” by treating “the community,” “leadership,” “good choices,” and other potentials “simultaneously as diagnosis and cure.” This chapter shows how even with these mismatched time frames, people still manage to coordinate everyday action.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Choices that align"
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Driver, Persis. "Choosing Interdependence: How Undergraduates' Choices Align With Team- and Self-Related Perceptions". W 2020 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1586144.
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Subramonyam, Hariharan, Colleen Seifert i Eytan Adar. "ProtoAI: Model-Informed Prototyping for AI-Powered Interfaces (Extended Abstract)". W Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/748.
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When prototyping AI experiences (AIX), interface designers seek effective ways to support end-user tasks through AI capabilities. However, AI poses challenges to design due to its dynamic behavior in response to training data, end-user data, and feedback. Designers must consider AI's uncertainties and offer adaptations such as explainability, error recovery, and automation vs. human task control. Unfortunately, current prototyping tools assume a black-box view of AI, forcing designers to work with separate tools to explore machine learning models, understand model performance, and align interface choices with model behavior. This introduces friction to rapid and iterative prototyping. We propose Model-Informed Prototyping (MIP), a workflow for AIX design that combines model exploration with UI prototyping tasks. Our system, ProtoAI, allows designers to directly incorporate model outputs into interface designs, evaluate design choices across different inputs, and iteratively revise designs by analyzing model breakdowns.
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Kioskli, Kitty, Laura Bishop, Nineta Polemi i Antonis Ramfos. "Towards a Human-Centric AI Trustworthiness Risk Management Framework". W 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004766.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) aims to replicate human behavior in socio-technical systems, with a strong focus on AI engineering to replace human decision-making. However, an overemphasis on AI system autonomy can lead to bias, unfair, non-ethical decisions, and thus a lack of trust, resulting in decreased performance, motivation, and competitiveness. To mitigate these AI threats, developers are incorporating ethical considerations, often with input from ethicists, and using technical tools like IBM's Fairness 360 and Google's What-If tool to assess and improve fairness in AI systems. These efforts aim to create more trustworthy and equitable AI technologies. Building trustworthiness in AI technology does not necessarily imply that the human user will fundamentally trust it. For humans to use technology trust must be present, something challenging when AI lacks a permanent/stable physical embodiment. It is also important to ensure humans do not over-trust resulting in AI misuse. Trustworthiness should be assessed in relation to human acceptance, performance, satisfaction, and empowerment to make design choices that grant them ultimate control over AI systems, and the extent to which the technology meets the business context of the socio-technical system where it's used. For AI to be perceived as trustworthy, it must also align with the legal, moral, ethical principles, and behavioral patterns of its human users, whilst also considering the organizational responsibility and liability associated with the socio-technical system's business objectives. Commitment to incorporating these principles to create secure and effective decision support AI systems will offer a competitive advantage to organizations that integrate them.Based on this need, the proposed framework is a synthesis of research from diverse disciplines (cybersecurity, social and behavioral sciences, ethics) designed to ensure the trustworthiness of AI-driven hybrid decision support while accommodating the specific decision support needs and trust of human users. Additionally, it aims to align with the key performance indicators of the socio-technical environment where it operates. This framework serves to empower AI system developers, business leaders offering AI-based services, as well as AI system users, such as educators, professionals, and policymakers, in achieving a more absolute form of human-AI trustworthiness. It can also be used by security defenders to make fair decisions during AI incident handling. Our framework extends the proposed NIST AI Risk Management Framework (AI-RFM) since at all stages of the trustworthiness risk management dynamic cycle (threat assessment, impact assessment, risk assessment, risk mitigation), human users are considered (e.g., their morals, ethics, behavior, IT maturity) as well as the primary business objectives of the AI socio-technical system under assessment. Co-creation and human experiment processes must accompany all stages of system management and are therefore part of the proposed framework. This interaction facilitates the execution of continuous trustworthiness improvement processes. During each cycle of trustworthiness risk mitigation, human user assessment will take place, leading to the identification of corrective actions and additional mitigation activities to be implemented before the next improvement cycle. Thus, the main objective of this framework is to help build ‘trustworthy’ AI systems that are ultimately trusted by their users.
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Agost-Torres, María-Jesús, Margarita Vergara i Vicente Bayarri-Porcar. "Analysis of perceptions of sustainable labelling according to Product Type". W 9th International Conference on Kansei Engineering and Emotion Research (KEER2022). Kansei Engineering and Emotion Research (KEER), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184849.09.
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Sustainability labeling is commonly applied to consumer products. It is usual to find labels related to different sustainability aspects, such as environment, health or fair trade. Consumers with sustainability awareness will base their choices on how the product aligns with their values. However, consumer preferences about sustainability traits may depend on the specific type of product.
To determine if perceptions on labeling about sustainable aspects differ based on product type, a study was carried out in which 73 participants chose between three versions of a same product, each version containing a sustainable label (environmental, social or related to health). Three different products for daily use were chosen: food (a milk carton), clothing (a T-shirt) and a personal hygiene product (a bottle of shampoo). For each product and aspect of sustainability, the labels were chosen among the best known. Choices had to be made around various perceptions: quality, price, sustainability, trust, willingness to pay and general choice (preference).
The results show that, for some questions, the choice of the preferred sustainability aspect depends on the product. Therefore, it is concluded that the evaluation and decision criteria of sustainable labeling may vary, depending on the type of product to which it is applied.
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Neal Reilly, William, i Leonard Eusebi. "Approaches to Extending Game-Theoretic Analyses to Complex, Real-World Scenarios". W 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001853.
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In domains ranging from military engagements to business to politics to games, competitors take actions to gain an advantage over others. Game theory has been used extensively since the 1950s to analyze such domains and to gain insights into the best moves for all competitors. While it is a powerful tool for analysis, game theory often falls short when applied to real-world encounters. Game-theoretic approaches over-simplify by assuming each side is composed of rational actors that attempt to maximize a single-valued utility function. Even with that simplification, real-world scenarios are often difficult to formalize as a solvable “game,” and even when the problem can be defined as a game, it is computationally expensive to calculate the best actions for each actor.We will present research that extends game theory to include multiple forms of utility for each actor. This enables us to recast traditional, albeit simple game-theory games like the Prisoners’ Dilemma and the Ultimatum Game, which produce results at odds with real-world expectations when confined to traditional measures of utility (i.e., minimizing jail time and maximizing money). By adding utility measures like commitment and fairness, we can generate a Pareto-optimal set of solutions that are better at recreating and explaining real-world behavior than traditional single-utility game theory. In our formulation, the actors are still acting rationally, they are just factoring in a more complex set of tradeoffs that our multi-utility game theory can naturally model.We will also present research into a game representation scheme that lets the scenario modeler express real-world action-to-action constraints like “enables” and “blocks.” These constraints support basic reasoning about ordering of actions without having to build full search tress or reason about time generally. Accounting for these constraints also significantly reduces the space of possible solutions, making it tractable to find exact solutions for certain classes of complex scenarios.Finally, we will present a software toolkit that simplifies the process of defining a game and analyzing the plausible outcomes. The model building tool helps analysts capture the goals and motivations of each actor, the actions available, and how those actions affect goals or other actions. Using these models, the analysis suite calculates the Pareto-optimal choices for each actor in that scenario and helps analysts navigate the plausible outcomes. With these tools, decision makers can assess the value of their strategic options, even in cases where adversaries may choose actions traditional game theory would label incorrect.We have used the software toolkit to create and analyze several models, from simple games like rock-paper-scissors to a real-world political gray-zone conflict with 3 nation states, 23 possible actions, 18 different motivations, and 10^21 possible solutions. The results were computed in seconds and align with behavior of the real-world actors. Policy analysts without a background in computational modeling have also used the toolkit to create “backcasting” models of historical situations. These models successfully explained the behavior of the actors involved. These evaluations show that the toolkit is both useful and usable for analyzing real-world multi-actor interactions.
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Yong Kim, Jin, Szu Tung Chen, Corey Lester i X. Jessie Yang. "Exploring Trust and Performance in Human-Automation Interaction: Novel Perspectives on Incorrect Reassurances from Imperfect Automation". W AHFE 2023 Hawaii Edition. AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004412.
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Consider the following hypothetical scenario: Sarah, a skilled pharmacist, is responsible for filling the medication bottles for prescription orders. Recently, her pharmacy introduced an AI computer vision system that scans the filled bottles and identifies the medication, which serves as an additional layer of verification before dispensing. Sarah receives a prescription for patient Noah, who needs medication “X”. Five possible cases could occur:Case A: Sarah correctly fills the prescription bottle with pill "X", and the automated decision aid correctly predicts it as "X".Case B: Sarah correctly fills the prescription bottle with pill "X", and the automated decision aid incorrectly predicts it as "Y". Case C: incorrectly fills the prescription bottle with pill "Z", and the automated decision aid correctly predicts it as "Z".Case D: Sarah incorrectly fills the prescription bottle with pill "Z", and the automated decision aid incorrectly predicts it as "Y".Case E: Sarah incorrectly fills the prescription bottle with pill "Z", and the automated decision aid incorrectly predicts it as "X".The scenario presents unique characteristics that are not examined in existing research paradigms examining trust in and dependence on automation, wherein automated decision aids give recommendations based on the raw information. In contrast, in the hypothetical scenario, the input to the AI system is human-provided data (i.e., A pharmacist fills the bottle). This research aims to investigate the effects of the different cases on participants’ trust and performance. We developed a testbed involving human participants performing mental rotation tasks with the help of imperfect automation. In the experimental task, participants were presented with a reference image alongside five answer choices and needed to select the choice that matched the reference image. Participants provided initial answer choices, received automation predictions, and made final answer choices for 60 trials.Thirty-five university students participated in the experiment. The study employed a within-subject design to examine the cases. Dependent variables were trust adjustment, performance, reaction time, and confidence.Results revealed that Case E, when participants received incorrect reassurance from automation for wrong initial answers, had the largest trust decrement and the worst final performance. This result confirms our hypothesis that Case E is problematic and requires further in-depth investigation. Case B, when participants’ right initial answer choice was followed by incorrect machine prediction, had the second largest trust decrement. In addition, we found across the majority of the cases that invalid recommendations harmed users’ trust more than valid recommendations increased trust, which aligns with the “negativity bias” property reported in prior literature. Furthermore, for each pattern, participants' trust decrement was greater when their final answers were wrong, indicating valid recommendations are penalized when final performance is harmed and invalid recommendations are less penalized when final performance is not harmed. These findings contribute to a fundamental understanding of how human trust is influenced in scenarios of automation failures when input information is provided by humans. These insights have practical implications for the design and implementation of semi-automated decision aids in domains where safety and effectiveness are critical.
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Novak, Tyler, Jamie Canter, Dafang Chen, Joel Hungate, Sherry Voytik-Harbin i Corey Neu. "Magnetic Alignment of Type I Collagen as a Method for Altering Tensile Mechanical Properties". W ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80907.
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To date, ligament and tendon replacements largely utilize autograft/allograft transplantation, although the use of tissue engineered materials remain a promising solution [10]. The development of an engineered solution may depend on the choice of scaffold materials with optimal fiber alignment. Type I collagen is an abundant extracellular matrix component in musculoskeletal tissues. The controlled alignment of type I collagen for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications enables the fabrication of unique scaffolds that emulate the ultrastructure of their native counterparts. Moreover, the alignment of type I collagen has become a common technique to manipulate mechanical properties of tissue constructs and the biological response of embedded cells [1,2]. It is additionally important to develop noninvasive methods to align collagen structures while maintaining inherent structural integrity and biological activity.
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Al Mehairi, A., K. M. Youssef i A. Salami. "Enhancing the Overall Operational Efficiency and Reducing the Emission Rates of Brownfield Facilities". W ADIPEC. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/216051-ms.
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Abstract This paper explores the significance of improving sustainability in offshore brownfield facilities by replacing gas turbine-driven loading pumps with electrical-driven pumps. It emphasizes the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2), in the oil and gas industry. By adopting electrical-driven pumps, facilities can enhance operational efficiency, reduce emissions, and align with sustainability goals. This study analyzes the design features, fuel consumption, availability, reliability, flexibility, and maintenance costs of both options to determine the most sustainable choice. The urgent need to address environmental concerns and improve sustainability in the oil and gas industry has led to a focus on reducing emissions. This study aims to transform the operational strategy of existing loading pumps in an offshore brownfield facility, emphasizing the importance of minimizing redundant emissions while optimizing costs.
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Powell, Loreen, i Michalina Hendon. "The Importance of Examining Student’s Choice of Modalities in Higher Education [Abstract]". W InSITE 2023: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences. Informing Science Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/5077.
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Aim/Purpose. Examination of student’s preferences regarding educational modalities after the COVID-19 pandemic. Background. It is necessary to investigate whether the mode of course delivery (online or traditional) offered by educational institutions aligns with the preferences of students, or if students are limited to enrolling in courses based solely on the available course modalities. Methodology. The paper in which this abstract is written is a quantative causal comparative study with the use of publicly available secondary data collected during course enrollment. Contribution. The contribution of this abstract to further the discussion of students needs and how an institution can continue to provide structure to adapt to a changing generation of students. Findings. The research suggests that higher education institutions should adjust their course offerings to accommodate the enrollment habits and preferences of students with respect to online and in-person courses. Recommendations for Practitioners. Recommendations can have practical impacts for university, colleges, program development, and faculty. Specific recommendations will be discussed after full development of the paper. Recommendations for Researchers. Specific recommendations will be discussed after full development of the paper. Impact on Society. This abstract and forthcoming paper may provide a different perspective on the priority of higher education institutions use adapt to student’s enrollment habits and preferences regarding their enrolling in an online or face-to-face course. Future Research. To account for the variations in institutional structures and student preferences regarding course delivery modes, it is recommended that further research be conducted.
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Ogwus, Chinedu. "Sustainable Development in the Niger Delta: Interrogating the Role of Multinational Oil Corporations". W SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211969-ms.
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Abstract This paper invstigtes the extent Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives of oil companies operating in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria contribute to the development of host communities across the region. This empirical study precisely adopts the mixed-methods approach which involves the use of qualitative and quantitative methods for data collection and analysis. Using the purposive sampling technique, a total of 113 participants were recruited for the study, and they included managers, senior and junior cadre employees, community leaders, market women and youth representatives. Findings of the study revealed that through the provision of key infrastructures such as schools, hospitals, and access roads, oil companies contributed significantly to the development of host communities. However, the majority of the study participants (74 per cent) reported that the quality of projects executed by oil companies was usually of low quality and lacking in durability. Also, the majority of the study participants (58 per cent) reported that there is an inadequate collaboration between oil companies and members of the host communities on the choice and location of CSR projects. Therefore, based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that there is a need to ensure international quality standards in the execution of CSR projects within the Niger Delta sphere. This will enhance the public image of oil companies which are usually considered as corrupt, exploitative, and insensitive to the needs of host communities. Also, the study recommends the need for greater collaboration between oil companies and their host communities in determining the choice and location for CSR projects. This will help to ensure that CSR projects of oil companies align with the needs of host communities.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Choices that align"
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Gratzke, Michael. ‘Confessions of a MILF (I chose being an artist over being a wife)’. Love and relationships in Viv Albertine’s memoirs. University of Dundee, luty 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001240.
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The memoirs of (post-) punk musician Viv Albertine address the issue of choice or lack thereof in romantic and family relationships. They depict a world in which choice of romantic partners appears normal if often unsuccessful, whereas choice within family relationships is restricted. It is self-evident that one cannot choose one’s blood relatives. However, amplified by Albertine’s scepticism towards any social relationships, her two memoirs represent ‘negative choice’ (Eva Illouz) in heterosexual romantic relationships and the complex ways in which negative choice can change family dynamics. In her memoirs, Albertine presents loneliness as the opposite of love which aligns with her model of choice, as it is preferable to live a lonely life over being bound up in love relationships, romantic or familial, which are harmful to one’s wellbeing. This article demonstrates how the ethos of early punk is translated into an uncompromising process of life writing which presents itself as faithfulness towards the individual’s core need for self-realisation and self-expression against the backdrop of failing romantic and familial relationships, severe physical and mental health problems, a self-diagnosis of autism and a patriarchal society.