Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Chiral solvating agents”

Chiral azaheterocycle-containing diphenylmethanols with multiple hydrogen-bonding sites were described and used as NMR chiral solvating agents (CSAs). Highly resolved NMR spectra can be obtained directly in the NMR tube.

Nine new (+)-dehydroabietylimidazolium salts were synthesised and studied as chiral solvating agents for several different racemic aromatic and non-aromatic carboxylate salts. These cationic chiral solvating agents resolve racemic ionic analytes better than non-ionic ones. Bis(dehydroabietylimidazolium) bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide) gave the best discrimination for the enantiomers of carboxylate salts. Its resolution behaviour was studied by an NMR titration experiment, which indicated 1 : 1 complexation with the racemic analyte. The dehydroabietylimidazolium salts were also useful in enantiomeric excess (ee) determinations, and for the recognition of chirality of racemic aromatic and non-aromatic α-substituted carboxylic acids.

Recently, we have described the synthesis of chiral metal–organic frameworks iPr-ChirUMCM-1 and Bn-ChirUMCM-1 and their use in enantioselective separation. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the use of a chiral solvating agent (1-phenyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, TFPE) for chiral recognition in iPr-ChirUMCM-1 and Bn-ChirUMCM-1 by means of solid-state13C NMR spectroscopy
Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich

Recently, we have described the synthesis of chiral metal–organic frameworks iPr-ChirUMCM-1 and Bn-ChirUMCM-1 and their use in enantioselective separation. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the use of a chiral solvating agent (1-phenyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, TFPE) for chiral recognition in iPr-ChirUMCM-1 and Bn-ChirUMCM-1 by means of solid-state13C NMR spectroscopy.
Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

S’han sintetitzat quatre alquil i aril (9 anthry1) carbinol (metil, fenil isopropil, terc-butil, i) que van revelar la rotació restringida al voltant de l'enllaç C9-C11. La seva energia lliure d'activació per a la rotació s'ha determinat, sent 11.0, 14.0, 21.7, i 9.8 kcal / mol, respectivament. Es descriuen l’aplicació mètodes de mesura del NOE i del temps de relaxació per a la determinació de l'energia d'activació per a la rotació de bons. El bon acord amb els valors obtinguts amb el mètode de la temperatura de coalescència confirma que l'enfocament basat NOE és una bona alternativa per a la determinació de les elevades barreres de rotació. Els càlculs de Mecànica Molecular (MM2) donen valors propers als experimentals. S’han preparat els carbamats homoquirals del 9-anthryl-terc-butylcarbinol i s’ha estudiat el seu equilibri conformacional. La configuració absoluta es va determinar mitjançant la comparació de les dades de RMN amb càlculs de MM. Els enantiòmers de l'alcohol es van obtenir després de la separació cromatogràfica dels derivats de carbamat i la seva hidròlisi. Els alcohols homoquirals van ser preparats per columna de cromatografia quiral directa. S’han detectat i o separat a temperatura ambient els confòrmers cisoid i transoid del 9,10 dipivaloylantracè i del 9,10-bis(1-imino-2,2-dimetilpropil)antracè. La transformació entre dues atropisómers va ser estudiada per RMN i modelat pels mètodes de MM. La difracció de raigs X es va realitzar per als derivats imino. El 9-antril-terc-butilcarbinol es va provar com a agent de solvatació quiral (CSA) en presència de formes racèmica de p-toluenesulfinate de mentil, 9-(1-amino-2,2- dimetilpropil)-9,19-dihydroantracè, àcid R-methoxyfenylacetic i 1-phenyl-1,2- ethanediol. Es formaren els complexes diastereòmers entre el reactiu quiral i cada enantiòmer d'aquests últims compostos. Un dels enantiòmers de 9-antril-tertbutylcarbinol va ser estudiat mitjançant NOE intermolecular i càlculs de dinàmica molecular. Es trobaren les principals diferencies termodinàmiques i estructurals.
Se han preparado Cuatro alquil- y aril- (9-antril)carbinols (metil, isopropil, tert-butil, y fenil) y mostraron la rotación restringida del enlace de C9-Cll. Su energía libre de activación para la rotación ha sido determinada, siendo 11.0, 14.0, 21.7, y 9.8 kcal/mol, respectivamente. Hemos determinado la energía de activación para la rotación de enlace C9-C11 por la aplicación de medidas de NOE y de tiempo de relajación. El buen acuerdo con los valores obtenidos con el método de temperatura coalescencia confirma que el método basado en el NOE es una buena alternativa para la determinación de barreras de rotatorión altas. La Mecánica Molecular (MM2) da valores cercanos a los experimentales. Se ha preparado el carbamato homochiral de 9-antril-tert-butilcarbinol y se ha estudiado su equilibrio conformacional. La configuración absoluta fue determinada por la comparación de los datos NMR con cálculos de MM. Los enantiomers del alcohol fueron obtenidos después de la separación cromatográfica de los carbamatos y tres su hidrólisis. Los mismos alcoholes se obtuvieron a través de una columna HPLC quiral Se han detectado o separado, a temperatura ambiente, los confórmeros cisoide y transoide del 9,10 dipivaloylantraceno y del 9,10-bis(1-imino-2,2- dimetilpropil)antraceno. La transformación entre los dos atropoisómeros se estudió por RMN i se modeló por métodes de MM. La difracción de rayos X se realitzó con los derivados imino. Se ha probado el 9-anthryl-tert-butylcarbinol como agente solvatación chiral (CSA) en presencia de las formas de racemicas de p-toluenesulfinato de mentilo, 9-(1-amino-2,2- dimetilpropil) - 9,19-dihydroanthracene, ácido de R-methoxyphenylacetic y 1-phenyl- 1,2-ethanediol. Se formaron los complejos diastereoisómericos el reactivo quiral y cada enantiomer de estos últimos compuestos. Uno de los enantiomers de 9-anthryltertbutylcarbinol fue estudiado por medio de NOE intermolecular y cálculos de dinámica moleculares. Las diferencias termodinámicas y estructurales principales fueron encontradas.
Four alkyl- and aryl-(9-anthry1)carbinols (methyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, and phenyl) were synthesized and revealed restricted rotation about the C9-Cll bond. Their free energy of activation for rotation has been determined, being 11.0, 14.0, 21.7, and 9.8 kcal/mol, respectively. The application of NOE enhancement and relaxation time measurements for the determination of the activation energy for bond rotation is described. The good agreement with the values obtained with the coalescence temperature method bears out that the NOE based approach is a good alternative for the determination of high rotational barriers. Molecular Mechanics (MM2) calculations give values close to the experimental ones. The homochiral carbamates of 9-anthryl-tert-butylcarbinol were prepared and their conformational equilibrium was studied. The absolute configuration was determined by comparison of the NMR data with MM calculations. The enantiomers of the alcohol were obtained after chromatographic separation of carbamate derivatives and their hydrolysis. The same homochiral alcohols were prepared by direct chiral column chromatography Cisoid and transoid conformations of 9,10-dipivaloylanthracene and 9,10-bis(1-imino- 2,2-dimethylpropyl) anthracene were separated and detected for the former and isolated for the latter at room temperature. The transformation between two atropisomers was studied by NMR and modeled by MM methods. X-ray diffraction was performed for the imino derivatives. The 9-anthryl-tert-butylcarbinol was tested as a chiral solvating agent (CSA) in the presence of racemic forms of mentil-p-toluenesulfinate, 9-(1-amino-2,2- dimethylpropyl)-9,19-dihydroanthracene, R-methoxyphenylacetic acid and 1-phenyl- 1,2-ethanediol. Diastereomeric complexes were found to form between each enantiomer of these last two compounds. One of the enantiomers of 9-anthryltert-butylcarbinol was studied by means of intermolecular NOE and molecular dynamics calculations. Major thermodynamic and structural differences were found.

The research work reported in this thesis is focused on the chiral analysis and exploring hydrogen bonding. In chiral analysis, the study is aimed at the introduction of new versatile chiral solvating agents (CSA) and also the design of novel protocols that explore versatile character of the chiral auxiliary. The protocols also permit the quantification of enantiomeric composition and assignment of absolute configuration for molecules containing specific functional groups. In another direction the study reports NMR experimental evidence for the observation of the rare type of intramolecular hydrogen bonds involving organic fluorine in biologically important organic molecules, that are corroborated by extensive DFT based theoretical calculations, like QTAIM, NBO, NCI, relaxed potential energy scan and also by Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations

The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of two enantiomers are identical. Thus, the first step in using NMR to distinguish between two enantiomers should be to produce different spectra that eventually can be associated with their different stereochemistry (i.e., the assignment of their absolute configuration). Therefore, it is necessary to introduce a chiral reagent in the NMR media. There are two ways to address this problem. One is to use a chiral solvent, or a chiral agent, that combines with each enantiomer of the substrate to produce diastereomeric complexes/associations that lead to different spectra. This is the so-called chiral solvating agent (CSA) approach; it will not be further discussed here [33–34]. The second approach is to use a chiral auxiliary reagent [13–15] (i.e., a chiral derivatizing agent; CDA) that bonds to the substrate by a covalent linkage. Thus, in the most general method, the two enantiomers of the auxiliary CDA react separately with the substrate, giving two diastereomeric derivatives whose spectral differences carry information that can be associated with their stereochemistry. The CDA method that employs arylalcoxyacetic acids as auxiliaries is the most frequently used. It can be applied to a number of monofunctionals [14–15] (secondary alcohols [35–43], primary alcohols [44–46], aldehyde [47] and ketone cyanohydrins [48–49], thiols [50–51], primary amines [52–56], and carboxylic acids [57–58]), difunctional [13] (sec/sec-1,2-diols [59–61], sec/sec-1,2-amino alcohols [62], prim/sec-1,2-diols [63–65], prim/sec-1,2-aminoalcohols, and sec/prim-1,2-aminoalcohols [66–68]), and trifunctional (prim/sec/sec-1,2,3-triols [13, 69–70]) chiral compounds. Its scope and limitations are well established, and its theoretical foundations are well known, making it a reliable tool for configurational assignment. Figure 1.1 shows a summary of the steps to be followed for the assignment of absolute configuration of a chiral compound with just one asymmetric carbon and with substituents that, for simplicity, are assumed to resonate as singlets. Step 1 (Figure 1.1a): A substrate of unknown configuration (?) is separately derivatized with the two enantiomers of a chiral auxiliary reagent, (R)-Aux and (S)-Aux, producing two diastereomeric derivatives.